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Intelligence Community in the 21st Century Staff Study Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence House of Representatives One Hundred Fourth Congress IX. Clandestine Service Executive Summary
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are not used to formally describe types of missions. Some operations may have both clandestine and covert aspects, such as the use of concealed remote sensors or human observers to direct
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Until the 1970s, clandestine operations were primarily political in nature, generally aimed at assisting groups or nations favored by the sponsor. Examples include
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device that sensed their ignition. They could also have been spotted by a clandestine human patrol. Harassing and interdiction (H&I) or
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The DOD Dictionary of
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aimed at providing and preserving the element of surprise and reducing enemy resistance. It can also be used to describe a set of
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the identity of the sponsor is concealed, while in a clandestine operation the operation itself is concealed. Put differently,
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carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed by the general population or specific enemy forces.
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communication were attacked only if there had been aerial reconnaissance in the area, or, in the case of the
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in 1961. Today these operations are numerous and include technology-related clandestine operations.
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means "deniable", such that if the operation is noticed, it is not attributed to a group. The term
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means "hidden", where the aim is for the operation to not be noticed at all.
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are not synonymous. As noted in the definition (which has been used by the
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rules can also cause a target to be hit for purely random reasons.
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were completely unaware of some sensors, such as the airborne
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The bulk of clandestine operations are related to the
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