Unmanned aerial vehicle

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robotics industry is expected to make progress. Agricultural drones have been used to help build sustainable agriculture all over the world leading to a new generation of agriculture. In this context, there is a proliferation of innovations in both tools and methodologies which allow precise description of vegetation state and also may help to precisely distribute nutrients, pesticides or seeds over a field.

29: 2555:. Since 2010, Chinese drone companies have begun to export large quantities of drones to the global military market. Of the 18 countries that are known to have received military drones between 2010 and 2019, the top 12 all purchased their drones from China. The shift accelerated in the 2020s due to China's advancement in drone technologies and manufacturing, compounded by market demand from the 1188: 2066: 2999:(C-UAS) technologies. Automatic tracking and detection of UAVs from commercial cameras have become accurate thanks to the development of deep learning based machine learning algorithms. It is also possible to automatically identify UAVs across different cameras with different view points and hardware specification with re-identification methods. Commercial systems such as the Aaronia 124:, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs were originally developed through the twentieth century for military missions too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for humans, and by the twenty-first, they had become essential assets to most militaries. As control technologies improved and costs fell, their use expanded to many non-military applications. These include 2674:. These civilian DJI drones were sourced by governments, hobbyists, international donations to Ukraine and Russia to support each side on the battlefield, and were often flown by drone hobbyists recruited by the armed forces. The prevalence of DJI drones was attributable to their market dominance, affordability, high performance, and reliability. 281:). Many similar terms are in use. Under new regulations which came into effect 1 June 2019, the term RPAS has been adopted by the Canadian Government to mean "a set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted aircraft, its control station, the command and control links and any other system elements required during flight operation". 187:. The term remains in common use. In addition to the software, autonomous drones also employ a host of advanced technologies that allow them to carry out their missions without human intervention, such as cloud computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and thermal sensors. For recreational uses, an 2954:

states to counter this threat. This is, however, proving difficult. As J. Rogers stated in an interview to A&T "There is a big debate out there at the moment about what the best way is to counter these small UAVs, whether they are used by hobbyists causing a bit of a nuisance or in a more sinister manner by a terrorist actor".

1498:. The energy density of modern Li-Po batteries is far less than gasoline or hydrogen. However electric motors are cheaper, lighter and quieter. Complex multi-engine, multi-propeller installations are under development with the goal of improving aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency. For such complex power installations, 1363:, the global military uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) market, which forms a significant part of the UAV industry, is projected to experience a compound annual growth rate of 4.8% over the next decade. This represents a near doubling in market size, from $ 12.5 billion in 2024 to an estimated $ 20 billion by 2034. 2723:

UASs or UAVs offer the great advantage for environmental monitoring to generate a new generation of survey at very-high or ultra-high resolution both in space and time. This gives the opportunity to bridge the existing gap between satellite data and field monitoring. This has stimulated a huge number

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In the early 2010s, Israeli companies mainly focus on small surveillance UAV systems, and by the number of drones, Israel exported 60.7% (2014) of UAVs on the market while the United States exported 23.9% (2014). Between 2010 and 2014, there were 439 drones exchanged compared to 322 in the five years

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Due to the open-source nature of UAV software, they can be customized to fit specific applications. For example, researchers from the Technical University of Košice have replaced the default control algorithm of the PX4 autopilot. This flexibility and collaborative effort has led to a large number of

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remain in use for drones requiring long range. However, for shorter-range missions electric power has almost entirely taken over. The distance record for a UAV (built from balsa wood and mylar skin) across the North Atlantic Ocean is held by a gasoline model airplane or UAV. Manard Hill "in 2003 when

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UAVs can threaten airspace security in numerous ways, including unintentional collisions or other interference with other aircraft, deliberate attacks or by distracting pilots or flight controllers. The first incident of a drone-airplane collision occurred in mid-October 2017 in Quebec City, Canada.

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Drones could also be classified based on the degree of autonomy in their flight operations. ICAO classifies unmanned aircraft as either remotely piloted aircraft or fully autonomous. Some UAVs offer intermediate degrees of autonomy. For example, a vehicle may be remotely piloted in most contexts but

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UAVs could be loaded with dangerous payloads, and crashed into vulnerable targets. Payloads could include explosives, chemical, radiological or biological hazards. UAVs with generally non-lethal payloads could possibly be hacked and put to malicious purposes. Anti-UAV systems are being developed by

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Drones are ideally suited to capturing aerial shots in photography and cinematography, and are widely used for this purpose. Small drones avoid the need for precise coordination between pilot and cameraman, with the same person taking on both roles. Big drones with professional cine cameras usually

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The civil UAV market is relatively new compared to the military one. Companies are emerging in both developed and developing nations at the same time. Many early-stage startups have received support and funding from investors, as is the case in the United States, and from government agencies, as is

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military drone (at a late stage of development) is such that traversing the first turbulent twelve miles of atmosphere is a hazardous endeavor. It has, however, remained on station at 65,000 feet for 24 hours. Airbus' Zephyr in 2023 has attained 70,000 feet and flown for 64 days; 200 days aimed at.

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used UAVs as decoys to spur opposing forces into wasting expensive anti-aircraft missiles. After the 1973 Yom Kippur war, a few key people from the team that developed this early UAV joined a small startup company that aimed to develop UAVs into a commercial product, eventually purchased by Tadiran

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serves a crucial purpose in the regulation and operation of drones. The label is a verification mechanism designed to confirm that drones within a specific class meet the rigorous standards set by administrations for design and manufacturing. These standards are necessary to ensure the safety and

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alone had 74% of the civil market share in 2018, with no other company accounting for more than 5%. The companies continue to hold over 70% of global market share by 2023, despite under increasing scrutinies and sanctions from the United States. The US Interior Department grounded its fleet of DJI

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In recent years, autonomous drones have begun to transform various application areas as they can fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) while maximizing production, reducing costs and risks, ensuring site safety, security and regulatory compliance, and protecting the human workforce in times of a

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The interest in UAVs cybersecurity has been raised greatly after the Predator UAV video stream hijacking incident in 2009, where Islamic militants used cheap, off-the-shelf equipment to stream video feeds from a UAV. Another risk is the possibility of hijacking or jamming a UAV in flight. Several

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The software running on a UAV is called the autopilot or the flight stack. The purpose of the flight stack is to fly the mission autonomously or with remote-pilot input. An autopilot achieves this by obtaining data from sensors, controlling the motors to make progress along a path, and facilitate

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is also less of a critical requirement for unmanned aircraft, allowing the designer greater freedom to experiment. Instead, UAVs are typically designed around their onboard payloads and their ground equipment. These factors have led to a great variety of airframe and motor configurations in UAVs.

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Perks, Matthew T.; Dal Sasso, Silvano Fortunato; Hauet, Alexandre; Jamieson, Elizabeth; Le Coz, Jérôme; Pearce, Sophie; Peña-Haro, Salvador; Pizarro, Alonso; Strelnikova, Dariia; Tauro, Flavia; Bomhof, James; Grimaldi, Salvatore; Goulet, Alain; Hortobágyi, Borbála; Jodeau, Magali (8 July 2020).

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for artistic and advertising purposes with the main benefits are that they are safer, quieter and better for the environment than fireworks. They can replace or be an adjunct for fireworks displays to reduce the financial burden of festivals. In addition they can complement fireworks due to the

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In 2024 EASA agreed on the first certification basis for a UAV flight controller in compliance with the ETSO-C198 for Embention's autopilot. The certification of the UAV flight control systems aims to facilitate the integration of UAVs within the airspace and the operation of drones in critical

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As global demand for food production grows exponentially, resources are depleted, farmland is reduced, and agricultural labor is increasingly in short supply, there is an urgent need for more convenient and smarter agricultural solutions than traditional methods, and the agricultural drone and

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By providing this assurance to customers, the Class Identification Label helps to increase confidence in drone technology and encourages wider adoption across industries. This, in turn, contributes to the growth and development of the drone industry and supports the integration of drones into

892:'s "Aerial Target" in 1916. Low confirmed that Geoffrey de Havilland's monoplane was the one that flew under control on 21 March 1917 using his radio system. Following this successful demonstration in the spring of 1917 Low was transferred to develop aircraft controlled fast motor launches 1179:, resulting in no pilots downed. In Israel in 1987, UAVs were first used as proof-of-concept of super-agility, post-stall controlled flight in combat-flight simulations that involved tailless, stealth-technology-based, three-dimensional thrust vectoring flight-control, and jet-steering. 4979:

During the Yom Kippur War the Israelis used Teledyne Ryan 124 R RPVs along with the home-grown Scout and Mastiff UAVs for reconnaissance, surveillance, and as decoys to draw fire from Arab SAMs. This resulted in Arab forces expending costly and scarce missiles on inappropriate targets

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UAVs can be designed in different configurations than manned aircraft both because there is no need for a cockpit and its windows, and there is no need to optimize for human comfort, although some UAVs are adapted from piloted examples, or are designed for optionally piloted modes.

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Manfreda, Salvatore; McCabe, Matthew; Miller, Pauline; Lucas, Richard; Pajuelo Madrigal, Victor; Mallinis, Giorgos; Ben Dor, Eyal; Helman, David; Estes, Lyndon; Ciraolo, Giuseppe; Müllerová, Jana; Tauro, Flavia; de Lima, M.; de Lima, João; Maltese, Antonino (20 April 2018).

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have a drone pilot and a camera operator who controls camera angle and lens. For example, the AERIGON cinema drone which is used in film production in big blockbuster movies is operated by 2 people. Drones provide access to dangerous, remote or otherwise inaccessible sites.

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Consumer drones are widely used by police and military organizations worldwide because of the cost-effective nature of consumer products. Since 2018, the Israeli military have used DJI UAVs for light reconnaissance missions. DJI drones have been used by Chinese police in

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have an autonomous return-to-base operation. Some aircraft types may optionally fly manned or as UAVs, which may include manned aircraft transformed into manned or Optionally Piloted UAVs (OPVs). The flight of UAVs may operate under remote control by a human operator, as

1391:. Some UAVs carry payloads (such as a camera) that weigh considerably less than an adult human, and as a result, can be considerably smaller. Though they carry heavy payloads, weaponized military UAVs are lighter than their crewed counterparts with comparable armaments. 6656: 3003:

have been installed on major international airports. Once a UAV is detected, it can be countered with kinetic force (missiles, projectiles or another UAV) or by non-kinetic force (laser, microwaves, communications jamming). Anti-aircraft missile systems such as the

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As of 2020, seventeen countries have armed UAVs, and more than 100 countries use UAVs in a military capacity. The first five countries producing domestic UAV designs are the United States, China, Israel, Iran and Turkey. Top military UAV manufactures are including

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are used in many large UAVs. Their engine rotors cannot seize; the engine is not susceptible to shock-cooling during descent and it does not require an enriched fuel mixture for cooling at high power. These attributes reduce fuel usage, increasing range or payload.

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An emerging technology, hydrogen fuel cells offer the potential for longer flight times with zero emissions, though the technology is still developing for widespread UAV use. The high energy density of hydrogen makes it a promising option for future UAV propulsion

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Drones are increasingly finding their application in humanitarian aid and disaster relief, where they are used for a wide range of applications such as delivering food, medicine and essential items to remote areas or image mapping before and following disasters

1265:. By 2013 at least 50 countries used UAVs. China, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Turkey, and others designed and built their own varieties. The use of drones has continued to increase. Due to their wide proliferation, no comprehensive list of UAV systems exists. 733:

Combining electric and fuel power sources, hybrid UAVs aim to balance the benefits of both systems for improved performance and efficiency. This configuration could allow for versatility in mission profiles and adaptability to different operational

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design has become popular, though this layout is rarely used for crewed aircraft. Miniaturization means that less-powerful propulsion technologies can be used that are not feasible for crewed aircraft, such as small electric motors and batteries.

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Equipped with solar panels, these UAVs can potentially achieve extended flight times by harnessing solar energy, especially at high altitudes. Solar-powered UAVs may be particularly suited for long-endurance missions and environmental monitoring

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Another application for a high endurance UAV would be to "stare" at a battlefield for a long interval (ARGUS-IS, Gorgon Stare, Integrated Sensor Is Structure) to record events that could then be played backwards to track battlefield activities.

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Solar-powered atmospheric satellites ("atmosats") designed for operating at altitudes exceeding 20 km (12 miles, or 60,000 feet) for as long as five years could potentially perform duties more economically and with more versatility than

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cameras, which successfully returned photos from across the Suez Canal. This was the first time that tactical UAVs that could be launched and landed on any short runway (unlike the heavier jet-based UAVs) were developed and tested in battle.

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features, such as transverse, radial, and longitudinal cracks, ridges, scarps, and surfaces of rupture, even in inaccessible areas of the sliding mass. Moreover, processing the optical images captured by UAVs also allows for the creation of

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While nuclear power has been explored for larger aircraft, its application in UAVs remains largely theoretical due to safety concerns and regulatory challenges. Research in this area is ongoing but faces significant hurdles before practical

2906:, stating that "I hope this incident helps create a conversation of respect for nature, the airspace, and rules and regulations". Unauthorized UAV flights into or near major airports have prompted extended shutdowns of commercial flights. 219:

is unclear, UAVs may or may not include remote-controlled model aircraft. Some jurisdictions base their definition on size or weight; however, the US FAA defines any unmanned flying craft as a UAV regardless of size. A similar term is

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UAVs can be programmed to perform aggressive maneuvers or landing/perching on inclined surfaces, and then to climb toward better communication spots. Some UAVs can control flight with varying flight modelisation, such as VTOL designs.

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security researchers have made public some vulnerabilities in commercial UAVs, in some cases even providing full source code or tools to reproduce their attacks. At a workshop on UAVs and privacy in October 2016, researchers from the

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Utilizing traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel, these UAVs often have longer flight times but may be noisier and require more maintenance. They are typically used for applications requiring extended endurance or heavy payload

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Organisciak, Daniel; Poyser, Matthew; Alsehaim, Aishah; Hu, Shanfeng; Isaac-Medina, Brian K. S.; Breckon, Toby P.; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2022). "UAV-ReID: A Benchmark on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Re-identification in Video Imagery".

2654:, of which 42% were categorized as commercial and 58% as recreational. 2018 NPD point to consumers increasingly purchasing drones with more advanced features with 33 percent growth in both the $ 500+ and $ 1000+ market segments. 261:(SESAR Joint Undertaking) roadmap for 2020. This term emphasizes the importance of elements other than the aircraft. It includes elements such as ground control stations, data links and other support equipment. Similar terms are 1406:

Control systems for UAVs are often different from crewed craft. For remote human control, a camera and video link almost always replace the cockpit windows; radio-transmitted digital commands replace physical cockpit controls.

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began exploring the use of drone technology as far back as 2005, which resulted in a 2011 report. France was among the first countries to set a national framework based on this report and larger aviation bodies such as the

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Position and movement sensors give information about the aircraft state. Exteroceptive sensors deal with external information like distance measurements, while exproprioceptive ones correlate internal and external states.

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Modern networking standards have explicitly considered drones and therefore include optimizations. The 5G standard has mandated reduced user plane latency to 1ms while using ultra-reliable and low-latency communications.

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In the United States, flying close to a wildfire is punishable by a maximum $ 25,000 fine. Nonetheless, in 2014 and 2015, firefighting air support in California was hindered on several occasions, including at the

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to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload". UAV is a term that is commonly applied to military use cases.

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These UAVs use rechargeable batteries, offering quiet operation and lower maintenance but potentially limited flight times. The reduced noise levels make them suitable for urban environments and sensitive

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Miniaturization is also supporting the development of small UAVs which can be used as individual system or in a fleet offering the possibility to survey large areas, in a relatively small amount of time.

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the case in India. Some universities offer research and training programs or degrees. Private entities also provide online and in-person training programs for both recreational and commercial UAV use.

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battlefield videos and the known military capabilities of the two warring sides suggest Azerbaijan has the technological advantage, especially with its combat drones purchased from Israel and Turkey.

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previous to that, among these only small fraction of overall trade – just 11 (2.5%) of the 439 are armed drones. The US alone operated over 9,000 military UAVs in 2014; among them more than 7000 are

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is used by some drones. This type offers high power output for lower weight, with quieter and more vibration-free running. Claims have also been made for improved reliability and greater range.

8070: 5412: 856:. At least one bomb fell in the city; however, due to the wind changing after launch, most of the balloons missed their target, and some drifted back over Austrian lines and the launching ship 8569:

Barbizan Sühs, R.; Ziller, S. R.; Dechoum, M. (2023). "Is the use of drones cost-effective and efficient in detecting invasive alien trees? A case study from a subtropical coastal ecosystem".

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systems that require high-frequency to changing sensor data. As a result, UAVs rely on single-board computers for their computational needs. Examples of such single-board computers include

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and toys, however the use of UAVs in commercial and general aviation is limited by a lack of autonomy and by new regulatory environments which require line-of-sight contact with the pilot.

10186: 1352:. As a UAV, Dragonfly allows examination of potentially diverse types of soil. The drone is set to launch in 2027, and is estimated to take seven more years to reach the Saturnian system. 2925:. In response, California legislators introduced a bill that would allow firefighters to disable UAVs which invaded restricted airspace. The FAA later required registration of most UAVs. 1893:. Downstream digital video over mobile networks has also entered consumer markets, while direct UAV control uplink over the cellular mesh and LTE have been demonstrated and are in trials. 808:

Last preparations before the first tactical UAV mission across the Suez canal (1969). Standing: Major Shabtai Brill from the Israeli intelligence corps, the innovator of the tactical UAV.

7533: 5471: 2544:. China has established and expanded its presence in military UAV market since 2010. In the early 2020s, Turkey also established and expanded its presence in the military UAV market. 1560:

typically incorporate a primary microprocessor, a secondary or failsafe processor, and sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, and barometers into a single module.

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The development of smart technologies and improved electrical-power systems led to a parallel increase in the use of drones for consumer and general aviation activities. As of 2021,

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Reddy, C. Sudhakar; Kurian, Ayushi; Srivastava, Gaurav; Singhal, Jayant; Varghese, A. O.; Padalia, Hitendra; Ayyappan, N.; Rajashekar, G.; Jha, C. S.; Rao, P. V. N. (January 2021).

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With the maturing and miniaturization of applicable technologies in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in UAVs grew within the higher echelons of the U.S. military. The U.S. funded the

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Gonçalves, João; Henriques, Renato; Alves, Paulo; Sousa-Silva, Rita; Monteiro, António T.; Lomba, Ângela; Marcos, Bruno; Honrado, João (January 2016). Rocchini, Duccio (ed.).

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UAVs can be classified based on their power or energy source, which significantly impacts their flight duration, range, and environmental impact. The main categories include:

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Sub-1g microUAVs inspired by flies, albeit using a power tether, have been able to "land" on vertical surfaces. Other projects mimic the flight of beetles and other insects.

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Vinogradov, Evgenii; Kumar, A. V. S. Sai Bhargav; Minucci, Franco; Pollin, Sofie; Natalizio, Enrico (2023). "Remote ID for separation provision and multi-agent navigation".

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River monitoring several methods have been developed to perform flow monitoring using image velocimetry methods which allow to properly describe the 2D flow velocity fields.

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Precision agriculture which exploits all available technologies including UAV in order to produce more with less (e.g., optimisation of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation);

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drones in 2020, while the Justice Department prohibited the use of federal funds for the purchase of DJI and other foreign-made UAVs. DJI is followed by American company

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In 1973, the U.S. military officially confirmed that they had been using UAVs in Southeast Asia (Vietnam). Over 5,000 U.S. airmen had been killed and over 1,000 more were

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Individual reliability covers robustness of flight controllers, to ensure safety without excessive redundancy to minimize cost and weight. Besides, dynamic assessment of

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quickly followed suit. In 2021, the FAA published a rule requiring all commercially used UAVs and all UAVs regardless of intent weighing 250 g or more to participate in

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different open-source stacks, some of which are forked from others, such as CleanFlight, which is forked from BaseFlight and from which three other stacks are forked.

9866: 4019: 9479: 3845: 3787: 9449: 8863:"Characteristics analysis of the reservoir landslides base on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) scanning technology at the Maoergai Hydropower Station, Southwest China" 293:, according to design configuration such as weight or engine type, maximum flight altitude, degree of operational autonomy, operational role, etc. According to the 11149: 9049: 7662: 512:

There are usually four categories when UAVs are classified by size, with at least one of the dimensions (length or wingspan) meet the following respective limits:

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and noted that UAV manufacturers can make their UAVs more secure by the basic security measures of encrypting the Wi-Fi signal and adding password protection.

2772:. Various sensors, including radar, optical, and thermal, can be mounted on UAVs to monitor different properties. UAVs enable the capture of images of various 670: 8816:"Identification and evaluation of the high mountain upper slope potential landslide based on multi-source remote sensing: the Aniangzhai landslide case study" 7435: 7225: 3961: 1398:, and can thus be built out of lighter but less sturdy materials and shapes, and can use less robustly tested electronic control systems. For small UAVs, the 9199: 8961:"A landslide monitoring method using data from unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial laser scanning with insufficient and inaccurate ground control points" 2902:, United States; although there was no significant damage to the balloon nor any injuries to its 3 occupants, the balloon pilot reported the incident to the 10141: 7956: 1219:. UAVs demonstrated the possibility of cheaper, more capable fighting-machines, deployable without risk to aircrews. Initial generations primarily involved 820:, which first flew in 1975, is seen by many as the first modern battlefield UAV, due to its data-link system, endurance-loitering, and live video-streaming. 9782:

Hartley, John; Shum, Hubert P. H.; Ho, Edmond S. L.; Wang, He; Ramamoorthy, Subramanian (2022). "Formation Control for UAVs Using a Flux Guided Approach".

9768: 934:– initially meant as an uncrewed plane that would carry an explosive payload to a predetermined target. Development continued during World War I, when the 8272: 7811: 6746: 4752: 4160:"A comprehensive review of electrochemical hybrid power supply systems and intelligent energy managements for unmanned aerial vehicles in public services" 11234: 11204: 11104: 11069: 10623: 9594: 8214: 7591: 4570: 3270: 2744:

Structural integrity of any type of structure whether it be a dam, railway or other dangerous, inaccessible or massive locations for building monitoring.

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with warheads are generally not considered UAVs because the vehicle itself is a munition, but certain types of propeller-based missile are often called "

9533: 7979: 7788: 7138: 6060: 1817: – This type provides a positive control signal (faster, slower, left, right, up, down) without incorporating feedback from sensor data. 11224: 9909: 8237: 6686: 2537: 5404: 5342: 4086:"Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research" 2092:

Proper drone cooling is essential for long-term drone endurance. Overheating and subsequent engine failure is the most common cause of drone failure.

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Return-to-home: Fly back to the point of takeoff (often gaining altitude first to avoid possible intervening obstructions such as trees or buildings).

1140:, stated, "we let the drone do the high-risk flying ... the loss rate is high, but we are willing to risk more of them ...they save lives!" 6777: 3704: 3125: 2814:

The use of UAVs is also being investigated to help detect and fight wildfires, whether through observation or launching pyrotechnic devices to start

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Degrees of freedom (DOF) refers to both the amount and quality of sensors on board: 6 DOF implies 3-axis gyroscopes and accelerometers (a typical

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Hypersonic high-speed, supersonic (Mach 1–5) or hypersonic (Mach 5+) 50,000 ft (15,200 m) or suborbital altitude, range over 200 km

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In most modern UAV applications, video transmission is required. So instead of having separate links for C&C, telemetry and video traffic, a

1207:(CTC) within the CIA, which sought to fight terrorism with the aid of modernized drone technology. In the 1990s, the U.S. DoD gave a contract to 905: 1823: – This type incorporates sensor feedback to adjust behavior (reduce speed to reflect tailwind, move to altitude 300 feet). The 1545:

UAV computing capability followed the advances of computing technology, beginning with analog controls and evolving into microcontrollers, then

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Micro air vehicles endurance is so far best achieved with flapping-wing UAVs, followed by planes and multirotors standing last, due to lower

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communication technology. Remote ID messages (containing the UAV coordinates) are broadcast and can be used for collision-free navigation.

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The War of Attrition was also notable for the first use of UAVs, or unmanned aerial vehicles, carrying reconnaissance cameras in combat.

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Experiments with a pilotless drone version of the TB-1 controlled by radio from other aircraft started in 1935 and continued until 1939.

4356: 4322: 3678: 1132:, in 1972, "The only reason we need (UAVs) is that we don't want to needlessly expend the man in the cockpit." Later that year, General 1043:, concerned about losing pilots over hostile territory, began planning for the use of uncrewed aircraft. Planning intensified after the 11350: 11219: 11139: 11119: 11094: 11089: 11084: 7719: 5899: 4966: 4479: 4440: 3081:

The export of UAVs or technology capable of carrying a 500 kg payload at least 300 km is restricted in many countries by the

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Solar-electric UAVs, a concept originally championed by the AstroFlight Sunrise in 1974, have achieved flight times of several weeks.

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Modern system hardware for UAV control is often called the flight controller (FC), flight controller board (FCB) or autopilot. Common

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Isaac-Medina, Brian K. S.; Poyser, Matthew; Organisciak, Daniel; Willcocks, Chris G.; Breckon, Toby P.; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2021).

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Z. Goraj; A. Frydrychewicz; R. Świtkiewicz; B. Hernik; J. Gadomski; T. Goetzendorf-Grabowski; M. Figat; St Suchodolski; W. Chajec.

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are also being enhanced with C-UAS technologies. Utilising a smart UAV swarm to counter one or more hostile UAVs is also proposed.

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Non-cooperative sensors are able to detect targets autonomously so they are used for separation assurance and collision avoidance.

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Crewed and uncrewed aircraft of the same type generally have recognizably similar physical components. The main exceptions are the

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Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications

8710: 6922: 6709:"Flying on Hydrogen: Georgia Tech Researchers Use Fuel Cells to Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle | Georgia Tech Research Institute" 6293: 3621: 3455: 1588: – IMU), 9 DOF refers to an IMU plus a compass, 10 DOF adds a barometer and 11 DOF usually adds a GPS receiver. 11239: 11099: 7900: 5283: 5152: 4308:

Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History

3017: 2753: 9564: 9326: 8814:

Dai, Keren; Li, Zhiyu; Xu, Qiang; Tomas, Roberto; Li, Tao; Jiang, Liming; Zhang, Jianyong; Yin, Tao; Wang, Hao (1 July 2023).

8350: 8025: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7257:"Rapid drone semi-automated counts of wintering Greater Flamingos ( Phoenicopterus roseus ) as a tool for amateur researchers" 7067: 5434: 3937: 10094: 9875: 9673: 7346: 7104: 7030: 6408: 6220: 5519: 5183: 4667: 4518: 4473: 4434: 4395: 4350: 4028: 3379: 2533: 868: 9161: 8380: 8325: 8110: 8088: 7700: 7681: 6554: 4791: 3908: 11309: 11289: 11134: 11124: 11114: 11042: 10537: 9999: 8861:

Yang, Yuchuan; Wang, Xiaobo; Jin, Wei; Cao, Jiayun; Cheng, Baogen; MaosenXiong; Zhou, Shunwen; ChaoZhang (1 October 2019).

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Zhang, Caizhi; Qiu, Yuqi; Chen, Jiawei; Li, Yuehua; Liu, Zhitao; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Jiujun; Hwa, Chan Siew (1 August 2022).

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at the besieged city. The balloons were launched mainly from land; however, some were also launched from the Austrian ship

9471: 7128:"Key Considerations for a Resilient and Autonomous Deployment and Configuration Infrastructure for Cyber-Physical Systems" 6971:"QinetiQ's Zephyr UAV flies for three and a half days to set unofficial world record for longest duration unmanned flight" 6234: 3841: 3794: 1896:

Another aircraft, serving as a relay or mobile control station – military manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T).

884:

Significant development of drones started in the 1900s, and originally focused on providing practice targets for training

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with ad hoc designed loops or neural networks. UAV software liability is bending toward the design and certifications of

1118: 765: 294: 242: 9041: 7874: 2724:

of activities in order to enhance the description of natural and agricultural ecosystems. Most common applications are:

11299: 11174: 9835: 6359: 5989: 4952:

The Amazing Growth and Journey of UAV's and Ballistic Missile Defence Capabilities: Where the Technology is Leading to?

3393: 2574:, imitating birds or insects, offers potential for covert surveillance and makes them difficult targets to bring down. 1930:

The level of autonomy in UAVs varies widely. UAV manufacturers often build in specific autonomous operations, such as:

918:

described a fleet of uncrewed aerial combat vehicles in 1915. These developments also inspired the construction of the

5393:

Franke, Ulrike Esther , in Mike Aaronson (ed) Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention, Routledge 2015.

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Electric UAVs powered by microwave power transmission or laser power beaming are other potential endurance solutions.

778: 172: 12402: 11486: 11448: 11054: 10171: 9155: 6851: 6516: 5001: 4960: 4920: 4833: 4785: 4606: 3082: 9079: 5647:

Torres-Sánchez, Jorge; López-Granados, Francisca; Castro, Ana Isabel De; Peña-Barragán, José Manuel (6 March 2013).

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Solar electric powered. Remained aloft for 14 days. Also filed for FAI altitude record of 70,740 ft (21,561 m)

1852:

uplink. Downlinks came later. These bi-directional narrowband radio links carried command and control (C&C) and

11304: 11027: 11022: 10562: 10441: 3095: 2619: 1348:. Its primary goal is to roam around the surface, expanding the amount of area to be researched previously seen by 997: 931: 97: 51: 9203: 7317:

Mademlis, Ioannis; Nikolaidis, Nikos; Tefas, Anastasios; Pitas, Ioannis; Wagner, Tilman; Messina, Alberto (2019).

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one of his creations flew 1,882 miles across the Atlantic Ocean on less than a gallon of fuel" holds this record.

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as the first UAV with real-time surveillance. The images and radar decoys provided by these UAVs helped Israel to

1121:

flew about 3,435 UAV missions during the war at a cost of about 554 UAVs lost to all causes. In the words of USAF

12280: 11570: 10940: 10214: 10152: 8209: 7952: 3043: 3039: 2541: 1940:

Hover/position hold: Keep level pitch and roll, stable yaw heading and altitude while maintaining position using

1204: 246: 6011:

Fasano, Giancarmine; Accardo, Domenico; Tirri, Anna Elena; Moccia, Antonio; De Lellis, Ettore (1 October 2015).

11393: 11343: 11012: 10945: 10657: 10522: 10432: 8268: 6738: 3338:

Unified Robust Path Planning and Optimal Trajectory Generation for Efficient 3D Area Coverage of Quadrotor UAVs

3120: 2996: 2910: 2830: 2454: 935: 8204: 7599: 6052: 5716:"Configuration and specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for early site specific weed management" 5649:"Configuration and Specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Early Site Specific Weed Management" 4748: 4535: 3278: 1947:

Headless mode: Pitch control relative to the position of the pilot rather than relative to the vehicle's axes.

1591:

In addition to the navigation sensors, the UAV (or UAS) can be also equipped with monitoring devices such as:

11626: 11616: 11545: 10835: 7769: 7127: 4618: 3590:"Autonomous In Situ Measurements of Noncontaminant Water Quality Indicators and Sample Collection with a UAV" 3135: 2870: 2670:

departments nationwide since 2018. Both Ukraine and Russia used commercial DJI drones extensively during the

1995: 1820: 1337: 1228: 993: 9901: 9296:"Israeli anti-drone technology brings an end to Gatwick Airport chaos – International news – Jerusalem Post" 6678: 5714:

Torres-Sánchez, Jorge; López-Granados, Francisca; De Castro, Ana Isabel; Peña-Barragán, José Manuel (2013).

3291:

When used, UAVs should generally perform missions characterized by the three Ds: dull, dirty, and dangerous.

2327:

Swarm resilience involves maintaining operational capabilities and reconfiguring tasks given unit failures.

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flown by remote control, although the Armistice with Italy was enacted prior to any operational deployment.

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The civilian (commercial and general) drone market is dominated by Chinese companies. Chinese manufacturer

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of individual countries. Regulatory regimes can differ significantly according to drone size and use. The

2821:

UAVs are also now widely used to survey wildlife such as nesting seabirds, seals and even wombat burrows.

11987: 11958: 11893: 11481: 10861: 10547: 10252: 9622:

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Visual Detection and Tracking using Deep Neural Networks: A Performance Benchmark

9042:"Global Agriculture Drones and Robots Market Analysis & Forecast, 2018-2028 - ResearchAndMarkets.com" 7524: 7522: 3307: 3185: 2671: 2600: 2556: 1259: 1224: 77: 10110:

Cahill, Bill (April 2022). "Lightning Bugs & Buffalo Hunters: The Ryan Model 147 Drone in Vietnam".

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pandemic. They can also be used for consumer-related missions like package delivery, as demonstrated by

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There are numerous civilian, commercial, military, and aerospace applications for UAVs. These include:

2021: 1883: 1499: 1028: 10527: 9389: 7641:"Drone tech gives China an edge in Middle East arms sales, but Israel-Gaza war brings risks: analysts" 7519: 5626: 4159: 4054: 3353: 829:

The earliest recorded use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for warfighting occurred in July 1849, with a

11601: 11565: 11336: 10765: 10734: 10712: 10679: 10668: 10507: 6869: 3150: 2560: 2549: 1585: 1303: 1273: 1168: 1129: 216: 9565:"The U.S. government showed just how easy it is to hack drones made by Parrot, DBPower and Cheerson" 5842: 5608:"Drone Technology: Types, Payloads, Applications, Frequency Spectrum Issues and Future Developments" 5109: 896:

with the Royal Navy in 1918 intended to attack shipping and port installations and he also assisted

12181: 12115: 12068: 11621: 11504: 11017: 10352: 10347: 10322: 10297: 10292: 10282: 10277: 10267: 10262: 8997: 4622: 3243: 3030: 2938: 2201: 1620: 1292: 1196: 1089:(1967–1970) in the Middle East, Israeli intelligence tested the first tactical UAVs installed with 874: 797: 701: 650:

Based on the altitude, the following UAV classifications have been used at industry events such as

133: 9961: 5082: 3962:"Nano, micro, small: The different drone types in India & if Jammu-like strike can be averted" 2974:

soldiers of the 17th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Sforzesca" with a portable drone jammer in

1309: 40: 11940: 11870: 11575: 11032: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10802: 10628: 10532: 10317: 10287: 10272: 9002:

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

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obtained at different times allows for the detection of changes caused by landslide deformation.

1953:

Take-off and landing (using a variety of aircraft or ground-based sensors and systems; see also "

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Tomás, Roberto; Pinheiro, Marisa; Pinto, Pedro; Pereira, Eduardo; Miranda, Tiago (31 May 2023).

7621: 3757: 2098:, using hydrogen power, may be able to extend the endurance of small UAVs, up to several hours. 1502:(BEC) may be used to centralize power distribution and minimize heating, under the control of a 1463:

designs with 6 or more rotors is more common with larger UAVs, where redundancy is prioritized.

11839: 11793: 11631: 11585: 11555: 11458: 10635: 10464: 10436: 10257: 8815: 5837: 4387: 3418:"Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations" 3219: 2176: 2121: 2006: 1828: 1624: 1332: 1315: 1262: 1148: 1051: 950: 704:(UAS) classification of UAVs based on weight, maximum altitude and speed of the UAV component. 10087:

Lightning Bugs and other Reconnaissance Drones; The can-do story of Ryan's unmanned spy planes

6255: 5370:

Radsan, AJ; Murphy (2011). "Measure Twice, Shoot Once: Higher Care for Cia-Targeted Killing".

4825: 4216: 2009:

unmanned combat aircraft demonstrator of the US Navy refuels in flight from a tanker aircraft.

12159: 11932: 11862: 11742: 11580: 11550: 11433: 11385: 10830: 10781: 10567: 10542: 9762: 9324: 9264: 7163: 5247:. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, Volume 52. Number 3, 2004. 4910: 4637: 4510: 4340: 4319: 3670: 2728:

Topographic surveys for the production of orthomosaics, digital surface models and 3D models;

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for them to be regarded in "pseudo-satellites" as regards to their operational capabilities.

2085: 1973:

GPS waypoint navigation: Using GNSS to navigate to an intermediate location on a travel path.

1937:

Altitude hold: The aircraft maintains its altitude using barometric pressure and/or GPS data.

1600: 1596: 1550: 1235: 1220: 1137: 1059: 8878: 6324:"Identifying Critical Manned-Unmanned Teaming Skills for Unmanned Aircraft System Operators" 4950: 4463: 4424: 2731:

Monitoring of natural ecosystems for biodiversity monitoring, habitat mapping, detection of

1291:'s Panel of Experts on Libya, published in March 2021. This may have been the first time an 11760: 11438: 10898: 10588: 10583: 10512: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10312: 10307: 10302: 9502: 9018: 9005: 8923: 8874: 8827: 8684: 8617: 8531: 8464: 8415: 7816: 6620: 6096: 6024: 5957: 5829: 5727: 5660: 4171: 4097: 3726: 3429: 2636: 2585: 2488: 2372: 2368: 2186: 2073: 1814: 1484: 1395: 1055: 642:

assistance, up to fully autonomous aircraft that have no provision for human intervention.

635: 44: 20: 10139: 8673:"Technical Note: Advances in flash flood monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)" 7922: 7386: 7369: 6825: 8: 11911: 11875: 11522: 11453: 11403: 9446:"Attack on the drones: Legislation could allow California firefighters to take them down" 8887: 8734:"Real-Time Positioning Method for UAVs in Complex Structural Health Monitoring Scenarios" 8519: 7125: 6896:"QinetiQ's Zephyr UAV exceeds official world record for longest duration unmanned flight" 5894: 5786: 5201:"The Eagle Comes Home to Roost: The Historical Origins of the CIA's Lethal Drone Program" 4310:, ABC-CLIO, 12 May 2008, by Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, pages 1054–55 ISBN 4257:"Revolutionizing UAV Capabilities: Exploring the Potential of Nuclear Propulsion Systems" 3337: 3155: 3052: 2879:

US Department of Agriculture poster warning about the risks of flying UAVs near wildfires

2492: 2095: 1917: 1688: 1472: 1437: 1388: 1349: 1288: 1067: 176: 89: 9325:

Matthew Weaver; Damien Gayle; Patrick Greenfield; Frances Perraudin (20 December 2018).

9009: 8927: 8831: 8688: 8621: 8535: 8468: 8419: 7436:"Turkey's defense industry targets more than $ 4 billion in exports this year: Official" 7256: 7068:"A Comparison Study of Several Adaptive Control Strategies for Resilient Flight Control" 6624: 6100: 6028: 5961: 5833: 5731: 5664: 4175: 4101: 3588:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2019).

3555:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2018).

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Fault-tolerant cooperative navigation of networked UAV swarms for forest fire monitoring

1666:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1035:

in 1955. Nevertheless, they were little more than remote-controlled airplanes until the

11560: 11423: 11368: 10856: 10593: 9817: 9791: 9651: 9625: 8641: 8586: 8488: 8433: 8428: 8403: 8142: 7843: 7775: 7338: 7284: 6945:"Northrop Grumman's Global Hawk Unmanned Aircraft Sets 33-Hour Flight Endurance Record" 6708: 6386: 6352:"Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s)" 6323: 6226: 6176: 6143: 5981: 5863: 5851: 5758: 5715: 5691: 5648: 5525: 5220: 5114: 4780:. The Putnam Aviation Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 249. 4380: 3477:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, A. Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2020).

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Because of their small size, low weight, low vibration and high power to weight ratio,

2014: 1864: 1495: 1449: 976: – used both to train antiaircraft gunners and to fly attack-missions. 969: 897: 893: 885: 846: 212: 188: 129: 125: 66: 47:

carrying EO/IR and SAR sensors, laser rangefinders, laser designators, infrared cameras

8606:"The application of small unmanned aerial systems for precision agriculture: a review" 8452: 7126:

Subhav Pradhan; William Otte; Abhishek Dubey; Aniruddha Gokhale; Gabor Karsai (2013).

6633: 6608: 4320:

The Future of Drone Use: Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives

796:, one of a series of target drones/unpiloted aerial vehicles that first flew in 1951. 202:) is defined as a "powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses 12417: 12412: 12407: 12343: 12314: 10972: 10807: 10557: 10167: 10115: 10090: 9931: 9821: 9809: 9669: 9151: 9134:) burrows with the use of a drone. BMC Ecology. 19:39. DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0257-5 9023: 8978: 8941: 8892: 8843: 8796: 8775:"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Landslide Investigation and Monitoring: A Review" 8755: 8702: 8672: 8645: 8633: 8605: 8590: 8492: 8480: 8080: 7987: 7780: 7342: 7288: 7276: 7135:

Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University, Nashville

6486: 6404: 6230: 6216: 6212: 6181: 6163: 6124: 5973: 5855: 5763: 5745: 5696: 5678: 5607: 5515: 5279:

Civil uav application and economic effectiveness of potential configuration solutions

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Mécanique Appliquée. - Sur le télékine. Note de M. L. Torres, présentée par M. Appell

4602: 4562: 4514: 4503: 4469: 4430: 4410: 4391: 4346: 4235: 4197: 4115: 4055:"An innovative tri-rotor drone and associated distributed aerial drone swarm control" 3500: 3447: 3417: 3385: 3375: 3130: 2839: 2567: 2474: 2413: 2405: 2321: 2125: 2081:

UAV endurance is not constrained by the physiological capabilities of a human pilot.

2020:

Other functions available or under development include; collective flight, real-time

1967: 1519: 1433: 1336:

helicopter is an autonomous UAV that operated on Mars from 2021 to 2024. Current the

1110: 1047: 1017: 923: 774: 573: 203: 9534:"How Can Drones Be Hacked? The updated list of vulnerable drones & attack tools" 8862: 8437: 7892: 6400: 5867: 5529: 5277: 5142: 4268: 4133: 1966:

Follow-me: Maintain relative position to a moving pilot or other object using GNSS,

1639:(for planes and helicopters mostly), weapons, payload actuators, LEDs and speakers. 1258:(USAF) employed 7,494 UAVs – almost one in three USAF aircraft. The 191:

drone is an aircraft that has first-person video, autonomous capabilities, or both.

12364: 12335: 12306: 12254: 12225: 12173: 12107: 12060: 12008: 11979: 11950: 11885: 11770: 11652: 11473: 11359: 10840: 10230: 9801: 9661: 9013: 8968: 8931: 8882: 8835: 8786: 8745: 8692: 8625: 8578: 8539: 8472: 8423: 8177: 8075: 8017: 7381: 7330: 7268: 7078: 6628: 6396: 6208: 6171: 6155: 6114: 6104: 6032: 5985: 5965: 5847: 5753: 5735: 5686: 5668: 5507: 5212: 4554: 4546: 4382:

Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age, from Antiquity through the First World War

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There are usually five categories when UAVs are classified by range and endurance:

33: 9865:

Cary, Leslie; Coyne, James. "ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328".

9716:"Muscat International Airport to install USD10 million Aaronia counter-UAS system" 7318: 5713: 5272: 4018:

Cary, Leslie; Coyne, James. "ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328".

3557:"In Situ Water Quality Measurements Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System" 1411:

software is used on both crewed and uncrewed aircraft, with varying feature sets.

12233: 12133: 12086: 12021: 11798: 11750: 11706: 11496: 10517: 10427: 10190: 9268: 9227:"First-ever recorded drone-hot air balloon collision prompts safety conversation" 9145: 8376: 7399: 7397: 7096: 6649:"The device, designed for landing UAV helicopter type on a flat vertical surface" 6546: 5740: 5673: 5357: 5346: 5216: 4775: 4594: 4326: 3968: 3904: 3207: 2895: 2815: 2667: 2593: 2513: 2509: 2483: 2376: 2360: 2313: 2306: 2113: 2102: 2037: 2029: 1592: 1503: 1241: 1208: 1125: 985: 830: 817: 812: 249:(FAA) in 2005 according to their Unmanned Aircraft System Roadmap 2005–2030. The 9991: 8973: 8911: 6455: 4183: 4070: 3065: 2697:

ability for drones to carry them, creating new forms of artwork in the process.

700:

An example of classification based on the composite criteria is U.S. Military's

12372: 12204: 12199: 12165: 12138: 11816: 11783: 11665: 11606: 11463: 11428: 9805: 8936: 8839: 8582: 8476: 8115: 7844:"DJI market share: here's exactly how rapidly it has grown in just a few years" 7751:"World's largest drone maker is unfazed — even if it's blacklisted by the U.S." 7319:"Autonomous UAV Cinematography: A Tutorial and a Formalized Shot-Type Taxonomy" 6200: 5646: 5503:

2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

5497: 5200: 3105: 3100: 2855: 2749: 2640: 2581: 2251: 2219: 2025: 2024:, wall following, corridor centring, simultaneous localization and mapping and 1824: 1245: 1144: 1098: 1090: 1063: 1040: 946: 939: 901: 842: 180: 137: 121: 9422:"Chasing Video With Drones, Hobbyists Imperil California Firefighting Efforts" 8697: 8629: 8404:"Automated extraction of free surface topography using SfM-MVS photogrammetry" 7394: 6808: 6159: 6037: 6012: 5511: 5306: 4700:

Professor A. M. Low FLIGHT, 3 October 1952 page 436 "The First Guided Missile"

4550: 4110: 4085: 3442: 3389: 3029:

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming increasingly regulated by the

1976:

Orbit around an object: Similar to Follow-me but continuously circle a target.

12396: 11711: 10119: 9813: 9665: 9027: 8982: 8945: 8896: 8847: 8800: 8759: 8706: 8671:

Perks, Matthew T.; Russell, Andrew J.; Large, Andrew R. G. (5 October 2016).

8637: 8484: 8084: 7991: 7784: 7280: 6490: 6456:"Metrics, Schmetrics! How The Heck Do You Determine A UAV's Autonomy Anyway?" 6256:

Pierre-Jean Bristeau; François Callou; David Vissière; Nicolas Petit (2011).

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Garrow, Laurie A.; German, Brian J.; Leonard, Caroline E. (1 November 2021).

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Drones can also be used for racing, either with or without VR functionality.

2693: 2627: 2552: 2470: 2458: 2421: 2267: 2164: 2129: 2117: 1299: 1216: 1133: 1071: 919: 889: 651: 579: 59: 56: 10128: 6679:"The Importance of Proper Cooling and Airflow for Optimal Drone Performance" 6351: 4712:"Eyes of the Army—U.S. Army Roadmap for Unmanned Aircraft Systems 2010–2035" 2603:

a dramatic increase in UAV development took place with Ukraine creating the

1882:/receiver, a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, or the original meaning of a 1863:

link is used to carry all types of data. These broadband links can leverage

1459:

requires a relatively simple control system and is common for smaller UAVs.

1371: 1215:

that AAI and Malat developed jointly. Many of these UAVs saw service in the

72: 11834: 11788: 11778: 11755: 11701: 11660: 10893: 10812: 9387: 9331: 9102:"Drones That Launch Flaming Balls Are Being Tested To Help Fight Wildfires" 7953:"Skylark Drones set to raise its first round of funding to boost expansion" 7564: 6915:"New Scientist Technology Blog: Solar plane en route to everlasting flight" 6185: 6013:"Radar/electro-optical data fusion for non-cooperative UAS sense and avoid" 5977: 5945: 5890:"Giant remote-controlled beetles and 'biobot' insects could replace drones" 5859: 5767: 5700: 5237: 5056: 4329:, Asser Press – Springer, chapter by Alan McKenna, page 355 3660:, hence the use of the name in reference to the DH Queen Bee aerial target. 3518:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B.;

3369: 2971: 2735:

and study of ecosystem degradation due to invasive species or disturbances;

2687: 2478: 1890: 1692: 1345: 1044: 1020: 1013: 981: 977: 973: 957: 927: 915: 793: 781: 184: 141: 9359:"In The Heat of the Moment, Drones Are Getting in the Way of Firefighters" 8791: 8774: 8750: 8733: 8402:

Ferreira, Edgar; Chandler, Jim; Wackrow, Rene; Shiono, Koji (April 2017).

6855: 6609:"Design of Flight Control System for a Small Unmanned Tilt Rotor Aircraft" 6144:"Adapting open-source drone autopilots for real-time iceberg observations" 4465:

Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918: An Illustrated History of Their Impact

3495: 3478: 1008:

After World War II development continued in vehicles such as the American

12377: 12262: 12039: 11413: 11408: 8773:

Sun, Jianwei; Yuan, Guoqin; Song, Laiyun; Zhang, Hongwen (January 2024).

8568: 6479:"Watch a step in Navy history: an autonomous drone gets refueled mid-air" 5627:"Design Methodology for Unmannded Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Team Coordination" 3653: 3519: 2782: 2778: 2632: 2571: 2441: 2364: 2246:

Set an endurance record for a full-scale, operational uncrewed aircraft.

1960:

Failsafe: automatic landing or return-to-home upon loss of control signal

1879: 1696: 1537:

A flight controller run on either CleanFlight or BaseFlight firmware for

1515: 1429: 1172: 1160: 1078:. When the Chinese government showed photographs of downed U.S. UAVs via 1075: 1036: 850: 152:

Many terms are used for aircraft which fly without any persons on board.

10058:

Pen & Sword, Military. Great Britain. (2021). ISBN 978 1 52677 026 4

8998:"Landslide Activity Monitoring with the Help of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle" 7097:"Certifiable Autonomous Flight Management for Unmanned Aircraft Systems" 6989:"QinetiQ files for three world records for its Zephyr Solar powered UAV" 6199:

Lesko, J.; Schreiner, M.; Megyesi, D.; Kovacs, Levente (November 2019).

6119: 5969: 5496:

Bailon-Ruiz, Rafael; Lacroix, Simon; Bit-Monnot, Arthur (October 2018).

4192: 3226: 2799: 1054:

UAV program started under the code name of "Red Wagon". The August 1964

667:

Tactical 18,000 ft (5,500 m) altitude, about 160 km range

664:

NATO type 10,000 ft (3,000 m) altitude, up to 50 km range

12285: 11716: 10903: 10502: 10140:

Javier Garcia-Bernardoa; Peter Sheridan Dodds; Neil F. Johnson (2016).

9503:"Iraqi insurgents hacked Predator drone feeds, U.S. official indicates" 8543: 7530:"Turkish defence industry grows as Akinci UCAV signs first export deal" 6109: 6084: 5634:

Design Methodology for Unmannded Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Team Coordination

5606:

Nagel, Huub; Bondt, Geert; Custers, Bart; Vergouw, Bas (16 July 2016).

5405:"Drones may have attacked humans fully autonomously for the first time" 5239: 4558: 3701:"What is the difference between a drone and an RC plane or helicopter?" 3145: 3110: 2942: 2922: 2748:

These activities can be completed with different measurements, such as

2622:

aircraft being launched from a base in Rwanda to deliver blood products

2615: 2401: 2397: 2356: 1980: 1849: 1636: 1538: 1476: 1460: 1456: 1421: 1399: 1360: 1269: 1024: 989: 168: 93: 62: 9619: 8959:

Zhou, Jiawen; Jiang, Nan; Li, Congjiang; Li, Haibo (9 February 2024).

7663:"Chinese, American—It Doesn't Matter. Israel Wants Inexpensive Drones" 7370:"Do Emerging Military Technologies Matter for International Politics?" 7272: 6739:"Hydrogen-powered Hycopter quadcopter could fly for 4 hours at a time" 4627:

3 August 1903, pp. 317-319, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences.

3606: 3589: 3573: 3556: 3540: 3523: 3059: 2566:

For intelligence and reconnaissance missions, the inherent stealth of

1922: 11683: 9595:"Anti-drone technology to be test flown on UK base amid terror fears" 9130:

Old JM, Lin S H, Franklin MJM (2019). Mapping out bare-nosed wombat (

8351:"Fireworks and Drones Combine to Create Amazing Long Exposure Images" 6258:"The Navigation and Control technology inside the AR.Drone micro UAV" 5582:"Design, Simulation and New Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles" 4821: 4718: 4659: 3657: 3371:

Remote sensing of the environment using unmanned aerial systems (UAS)

3047: 3005: 2918: 2781:

and 3D models, from which these properties can be derived. Comparing

2773: 2769: 2765: 2683: 2644: 2409: 2384: 2040:

can play an important role for automatically ensuring flight safety.

1991: 1905: 1860: 1853: 1845: 1802: 1632: 1408: 1280: 1192: 1164: 1032: 838: 639: 136:, policing and surveillance, infrastructure inspections, smuggling, 10199: 7334: 6085:"On the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring" 2875: 1889:

Remote network system, such as satellite duplex data links for some

1810:

UAVs employ open-loop, closed-loop or hybrid control architectures.

658:

Hand-held 2,000 ft (600 m) altitude, about 2 km range

12016: 11328: 10760: 10552: 10134:

Vancouver Island University Arts & Humanities Colloquium Series

9796: 9656: 9630: 7226:"Coronavirus Spurs Percepto's Drone-in-a-Box Surveillance Solution" 6391: 6331:

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

5501: 3973: 3626: 2663: 2589: 2425: 2285: 1954: 1950:

Care-free: automatic roll and yaw control while moving horizontally

1874:

The radio signal from the operator side can be issued from either:

1712: 1616: 1607:, which may allow providing specific measurements or observations. 1445: 661:

Close 5,000 ft (1,500 m) altitude, up to 10 km range

561:

Based on their weight, drones can be classified into 5 categories—

290: 167:

used for practice firing of a battleship's guns, such as the 1920s

164: 160: 117: 8517: 8238:"Ukraine has an unlikely ally in fight against Russia: DJI drones" 7012:"Drones Reach Stratospheric Heights in Race to Fly Higher, Longer" 5581: 2788: 2301:

Reliability improvements target all aspects of UAV systems, using

1856:

data about the status of aircraft systems to the remote operator.

10750: 5782:"Model airplane history-maker Maynard Hill dies at the age of 85" 5435:"Killer drone 'hunted down a human target' without being told to" 2933:

By 2017, drones were being used to drop contraband into prisons.

1716: 1380: 1248: 1122: 878: 208: 9388:

Michael Martinez; Paul Vercammen; Ben Brumfield (18 July 2015).

7923:"Consumer Drones By the Numbers in 2018 and Beyond | News Ledge" 6201:"Pixhawk PX-4 Autopilot in Control of a Small Unmanned Airplane" 5468:"Nagorno-Karabakh: New weapons for an old conflict spell danger" 3340:" IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2023. 1990:

One approach to quantifying autonomous capabilities is based on

1455:

For uses that require vertical flight or hovering, the tailless

980:

produced and used various UAV aircraft during the war, like the

845:. Austrian forces besieging Venice attempted to launch some 200 11808: 11675: 11514: 10755: 6053:"Arduino Playground – WhatIsDegreesOfFreedom6DOF9DOF10DOF11DOF" 5946:"Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones" 4411:

Naval Aviation in the First World War: Its Impact and Influence

2835: 2604: 2525: 2521: 2417: 1868: 1628: 1341: 1102: 259:

Single European Sky (SES) Air Traffic Management (ATM) Research

28: 8269:"The Drone War in Ukraine Is Cheap, Deadly, and Made in China" 7195:"Drones Get the Lights Back on Faster for Florida Communities" 6547:"Biomimetics and Dextrous Manipulation Lab – MultiModalRobots" 6383:

2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

5915:"EASA Approves ETSO Certification Basis for Veronte Autopilot" 5813:

Chirarattananon, Pakpong; Ma, Kevin Y; Wood, J (22 May 2014),

5340:"A Revolution Once More: Unmanned Systems and the Middle East" 5282:. published by the Publications Office of the European Union. 5176:

Vectored Propulsion, Supermaneuverability & Robot Aircraft

4994:

The eve of destruction: the untold story of the Yom Kippur War

3271:"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – The Force Multiplier of the 1990s" 3069:

reliability of drones in various industries and applications.

2911:

significant disruption at Gatwick Airport during December 2018

2077:

Flight time against mass of small (less than 1 kg) drones

1934:

Self-level: attitude stabilization on the pitch and roll axes.

673:

up to 30,000 ft (9,000 m) and range over 200 km

11721: 10089:, Armed Forces Journal International : Aero Publishers, 8401: 7812:"DOJ bans use of grant funds for certain foreign-made drones" 7770:"Interior Dept. Grounds Its Drones Over Chinese Spying Fears" 5557:"In data: UAS market projected to nearly double in ten years" 2752:, thermography, multispectral images, 3D field scanning, and 2650:

As of May 2021, 873,576 UAVs had been registered with the US

2607:

platform to promote rapid development of innovative systems.

2380: 2057:

UAVs can also implement perching on a flat vertical surface.

1841: 1831:

is employed, transferring the need to close the loop further.

1708: 1604: 1284: 1156: 1152: 9200:"Drone hits a commercial plane for the first time in Canada" 8450: 7701:"China's Military Advancements in the 2010s: Air and Ground" 7316: 6873: 6380: 5815:"Adaptive control of a millimeter-scale flapping-wing robot" 5495: 5350: 4536:"Japan's World War II balloon bomb attacks on North America" 2941:

showed they were able to hack into three different consumer

2065: 1187: 11418: 9902:"The 2021 Drone Regulation – What is new? What is planned?" 9644: 7164:"How Autonomous Drone Flights Will Go Beyond Line of Sight" 6898:(Press release). QinetiQ. 10 September 2007. Archived from 6198: 5939: 5937: 5935: 3656:" refers to the male bee that serves only to fertilize the 3414: 3364: 3362: 2975: 2437: 1941: 1522:. Their inherent stealth recommends them for spy missions. 1327: 1320: 1211:

along with Israeli company Malat. The U.S. Navy bought the

1009: 953:

developed the first scaled remote piloted vehicle in 1935.

9433:

from the original on 21 July 2015 – via NYTimes.com.

9185:"Drones in humanitarian aid – Can they be a game-changer?" 8377:"AERIGON cinema drone (UAV) pioneering in film production" 7462:"Combat drones in China are coming to a conflict near you" 6205:

2019 Modern Safety Technologies in Transportation (MOSATT)

5625:

da Silva, F.B; Scott, S.D; Cummings, M.L (December 2007).

5022: 3622:"Drones smuggling porn, drugs to inmates around the world" 1448:

with a tail for stability, control and trim, although the

1251:

to develop UAVs, ran from 1 May 2002 to 31 December 2005.

1012:(using television/radio-command guidance), the Australian 691:

Computer Assisted Carrier Guidance System (CACGS) for UAVs

9393: 9390:"Drones visit California wildfire, angering firefighters" 9150:(1 ed.). New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 8909: 7980:"States are competing to be the Silicon Valley of drones" 6081: 4854: 3989:"The Differences Between UAV, UAS, and Autonomous Drones" 2651: 1684:

communications with ground control and mission planning.

1114: 1106:

and leading to the development of the first Israeli UAV.

215:" by the public and media. Also, the relation of UAVs to 10184:

How Intelligent Drones Are Shaping the Future of Warfare

8732:

Zhou, Jianguo; He, Linshu; Luo, Haitao (19 March 2023).

7553: 7551: 6973:(Press release). QinetiQ. 24 August 2008. Archived from 6770:"NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Beamed Laser Power for UAVs" 6010: 5932: 5605: 5039: 5037: 4890: 3587: 3554: 3524:"Evaluation of a UAV-Assisted Autonomous Water Sampling" 3517: 3476: 3359: 2995:

The malicious use of UAVs has led to the development of

2894:

The first recorded instance of a drone collision with a

1784:

Optical flow, obstacle avoidance, SLAM, decision-making

1756:

From machine code to processor execution, memory access

9874:. Blyenburgh & Co. pp. 112–115. Archived from 8111:"DJI Won the Drone Wars, and Now It's Paying the Price" 7065: 4027:. Blyenburgh & Co. pp. 112–115. Archived from 3931:"Eyes of the Army: U.S. Army Roadmap for UAS 2010–2035" 3842:"State government gears up for autonomous RPAS mapping" 3352:

Hu, J.; Niu, H.; Carrasco, J.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "

2578:

Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle

2467:

Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle

2013:

Full autonomy is available for specific tasks, such as

1340:

is being developed, and is aiming to reach and examine

679:

over 30,000 ft (9,100 m) and indefinite range

9613: 9327:"Military called in to help with Gatwick drone crisis" 8965:

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

8867:

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

7720:"China drone maker DJI: Alone atop the unmanned skies" 6142:

Carlson, Daniel F.; Rysgaard, Søren (1 January 2018).

5274:

Community Research and Development Information Service

4283:"Powering Solutions for Your Drone in 2024: New Fuels" 10064:"A world of proliferated drones: a technology primer" 9741:

Grand-Clément, Sarah; Bajon, Theò (19 October 2022).

9638: 9072:"Africa Farming Problems Aided With Drone Technology" 7548: 5812: 5624: 5305:

Ackerman, Spencer; Shachtman, Noah (9 January 2012).

5034: 5010: 4866: 4090:

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3191: 1494:(Li-Po), while some larger vehicles have adopted the 257:

adopted this term, also used in the European Union's

9868:

2011–2012 UAS Yearbook – UAS: The Global Perspective

9500: 9318: 9257:"Drones need to be encouraged, and people protected" 9233:. Boise, Idaho, United States: Boise Post-Register. 8173:"The Next Frontier of Police Surveillance Is Drones" 5498:"Planning to Monitor Wildfires with a Fleet of UAVs" 4878: 4842: 4021:

2011–2012 UAS Yearbook – UAS: The Global Perspective

3308:"237 Ways Drone Applications Revolutionize Business" 1298:

Superior drone technology, specifically the Turkish

1272:

drones exemplify the widespread popularity of hobby

233:

UAVs or RPAVs can also be seen as a component of an

9775: 8071:"The U.S. Military Shouldn't Use Commercial Drones" 7875:"5 Major Drone Manufacturers Powering the Industry" 4254: 4083: 3060:

EU Drone Certification - Class Identification Label

867:introduced a radio-based control-system called the 10129:The rise of the drones: From The Great War to Gaza 9740: 9420: 9287: 7768: 4502: 4379: 3923: 3890: 3479:"Adaptive Water Sampling Device for Aerial Robots" 3026:solutions to better integrate UAVs into airspace. 3022:Regulatory bodies around the world are developing 1295:armed with lethal weaponry attacked human beings. 297:, UAVs are classified into five categories below: 9781: 9747:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research 9690:"Heathrow picks C-UAS to combat drone disruption" 9182: 8670: 8604:Zhang, Chunhua; Kovacs, John M. (December 2012). 7767:Friedman, Lisa; McCabe, David (29 January 2020). 5304: 5110:"Unmanned combat vehicles shaping future warfare" 4683: 4681: 4679: 4134:"Exploring Gas Powered Drones: Uses and Benefits" 3336:F. Rekabi-Bana; Hu, J.; T. Krajník; Arvin, F., " 3126:List of military electronics of the United States 2764:UAVs have become a widely used tool for studying 1518:, imitating birds or insects, have been flown as 1509: 1302:, played a role in Azerbaijan's successes in the 1283:drone hunted down and attacked a human target in 956:Soviet researchers experimented with controlling 12394: 9767:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9472:"Prisons Work To Keep Out Drug-Smuggling Drones" 8772: 7638: 7622:"Is China at the Forefront of Drone Technology?" 7560:"The numbers behind the worldwide trade in UAVs" 7312: 7310: 7031:"Towards Modular and Certified Avionics for UAV" 5944:Floreano, Dario; Wood, Robert J. (27 May 2015). 5465: 3035:International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 7405:"Strengthening Turkish Policy on Drone Exports" 7075:AIAA Guidance, Navigation andControl Conference 6995:(Press release). 24 August 2010. Archived from 6141: 4689:Jane's Pocket Book of Remotely Piloted Vehicles 3980: 2789:Agriculture, forestry and environmental studies 1787:ROS, Nuttx, Linux distributions, Microsoft IOT 1082:, the official U.S. response was "no comment". 912:aerial targets that went into service in 1935. 9749:. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023 8860: 7766: 6578:"The astounding athletic power of quadcopters" 4912:Israeli Fortifications of the October War 1973 4676: 4505:Military Ballooning During the Early Civil War 4426:Broken Wings: The Hungarian Air Force, 1918–45 4157: 2962: 2913:, needing the deployment of the British Army. 2346:, and critical deliveries of health supplies. 1871:traffic that can be routed over the internet. 163:, some being applied to remotely flown target 132:, forest fire monitoring, river monitoring, 11344: 10215: 8958: 8229: 7656: 7654: 7307: 6606: 5887: 4815: 4653: 3166:Sypaq Corvo Precision Payload Delivery System 2043: 1806:Typical flight-control loops for a multirotor 1770:Flight control, navigation, radio management 996:developed a specialised drone version of the 8813: 8018:"Drone Training Courses – The Complete List" 7626:Center for Strategic and Internation Studies 6981: 6575: 6517:"Teaching tiny drones how to fly themselves" 5943: 5369: 2337:List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications 2069:UEL UAV-741 Wankel engine for UAV operations 1998:report, and used in the table on the right. 1062:initiated America's highly classified UAVs ( 888:. The earliest attempt at a powered UAV was 777:and others waiting to watch the launch of a 10164:Unmanned: Drone warfare and global security 8603: 6607:Yanguo, Song; Huanjin, Wang (1 June 2009). 5466:Forestier-Walker, Robin (13 October 2020). 5134: 4416: 4404: 4240:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3872:Government of Canada – Justice Laws Website 3024:unmanned aircraft system traffic management 2928: 2718: 1528: 1483:Besides the traditional piston engine, the 908:followed, leading to the fleet of over 400 11351: 11337: 10222: 10208: 9962:"FAA Legal Battle – Challenging Remote ID" 7660: 7651: 7592:"Pentagon Plans for Cuts to Drone Budgets" 7329:(5). Association for Computing Machinery. 6294:"Cellular enables safer drone deployments" 6207:. Kosice, Slovakia: IEEE. pp. 90–93. 1986:Pre-programmed delivery ( delivery drones) 1074:) into their first combat missions of the 19:"UAV" redirects here. For other uses, see 9795: 9655: 9629: 9017: 8972: 8935: 8886: 8790: 8749: 8731: 8696: 8427: 8326:"Fireworks Have a New Competitor: Drones" 8266: 8068: 7682:"UK eyes Chinese drone parts for Ukraine" 7385: 7009: 6801:Vertical Challenge: "Monsters of the sky" 6632: 6476: 6390: 6175: 6118: 6108: 6036: 5841: 5757: 5739: 5690: 5672: 5334: 5332: 5307:"Almost 1 in 3 U.S. Warplanes Is a Robot" 4773: 4214: 4191: 4109: 3693: 3605: 3572: 3539: 3494: 3441: 3356:" Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022. 3116:International Aerial Robotics Competition 1414: 251:International Civil Aviation Organization 16:Aircraft without any human pilot on board 10022:"Official Journal of the European Union" 8995: 8260: 7977: 7407:. Carnegie Endowment for International. 7367: 5140: 4703: 4638:Nov. 7, 1905: Remote Control Wows Public 4052: 3305: 2980: 2966: 2874: 2838:can use drones for applications such as 2798: 2614: 2482: 2116:satellites. Likely applications include 2072: 2064: 2000: 1921: 1801: 1707:, etc. or designed from scratch such as 1532: 1370: 1308: 1186: 1058:between naval units of the U.S. and the 811: 803: 787: 769: 83: 71: 50: 39: 27: 12363: 12334: 12305: 12224: 11978: 9531: 9224: 9183:Sindi & Zarei (15 September 2023). 7717: 7661:Somerville, Heather (9 November 2023). 7501:"Market for Military Drones will Surge" 6466:from the original on 24 September 2020. 6425:"Automated Vehicles for Safety | NHTSA" 5912: 5107: 4908: 4818:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II 4777:Soviet Aircraft and Aviation, 1917–1941 4709: 4656:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II 4429:. Indiana University Press. p. 2. 4377: 4371: 3812:"European ATM Master Plan 2015 | SESAR" 1994:terminology, as suggested by a 2002 US 426:Other classifications of UAVs include: 284: 12395: 10109: 10084: 10061: 9836:"What is unmanned traffic management?" 9562: 9418: 9019:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-W4-215-2015 8323: 8275:from the original on 26 September 2023 8235: 8205:"These Police Drones are Watching You" 7959:from the original on 14 September 2016 7854:from the original on 24 September 2018 7809: 7557: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7192: 7028: 6477:Davenport, Christian (23 April 2015). 6453: 5387: 5378: 5329: 5266: 5198: 5173: 5043: 5028: 5016: 4955:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 6. 4945: 4896: 4884: 4872: 4860: 4848: 4755:from the original on 26 September 2019 4533: 4527: 4500: 4494: 4461: 4455: 4422: 4342:Naval Aviation in the Second World War 4338: 4332: 3986: 3755: 3681:from the original on 17 September 2020 3018:Regulation of unmanned aerial vehicles 2864: 2754:normalized difference vegetation index 1199:to attack enemy combatants in warfare. 671:MALE (medium altitude, long endurance) 429: 289:UAVs may be classified like any other 88:Although most large military UAVs are 11332: 10971: 10970: 10924: 10480: 10479: 10462: 10241: 10229: 10203: 10142:"Quantitative patterns in drone wars" 9899: 9864: 9443: 9339:from the original on 22 December 2018 9306:from the original on 22 December 2018 9293: 9164:from the original on 27 February 2023 9143: 8652:from the original on 27 February 2023 8499:from the original on 27 February 2023 8267:Greenwood, Faine (16 February 2023). 8248:from the original on 20 February 2023 8217:from the original on 11 December 2019 8185:from the original on 11 December 2019 8153:from the original on 18 December 2020 8123:from the original on 19 November 2020 8028:from the original on 16 November 2016 7998:from the original on 13 February 2016 7824:from the original on 28 November 2020 7748: 7730:from the original on 19 February 2018 7679: 7639:Seong Hyeon Choi (25 November 2023). 7572:from the original on 19 December 2016 7507:from the original on 19 February 2018 7438:. Hürriyet Daily News. 6 March 2022. 7387:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032725 7254: 6832:from the original on 11 December 2008 6767: 6340:from the original on 6 February 2016. 6274:from the original on 27 February 2023 6237:from the original on 27 February 2023 6063:from the original on 18 February 2016 5536:from the original on 29 December 2022 5298: 5141:Levinson, Charles (13 January 2010). 5083:"Russia Buys A Bunch of Israeli UAVs" 4969:from the original on 27 February 2023 4794:from the original on 27 February 2023 4482:from the original on 27 February 2023 4443:from the original on 27 February 2023 4359:from the original on 27 February 2023 4017: 3999:from the original on 18 February 2020 3943:from the original on 18 February 2022 3848:from the original on 25 February 2017 3396:from the original on 27 February 2023 3374:. : ELSEVIER - HEALTH SCIENCE. 2023. 3348: 3346: 2759: 2703: 2289:This is sufficiently close enough to 1904:UAV-to-UAV coordination supported by 1884:military ground control station (GCS) 1878:Ground control – a human operating a 1436:offer light weight combined with low 942:that would explode at a preset time. 695: 620: 183:, before ultimate replacement by the 159:has been used from the early days of 11358: 10702:Douglas / McDonnell Douglas 10162:Rogers, A., & Hill, J. (2014). 10032:from the original on 1 November 2020 9932:"UAS Remote Identification Overview" 9846:from the original on 8 February 2021 9722:from the original on 9 November 2019 9696:from the original on 9 November 2019 9482:from the original on 19 January 2018 9400:from the original on 8 November 2016 9351: 9225:Tellman, Julie (28 September 2018). 9197: 8713:from the original on 12 January 2023 8550:from the original on 12 January 2023 8408:Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 8295:"Drone Light Shows Powered by Intel" 7933:from the original on 14 October 2018 7872: 7791:from the original on 29 January 2020 7718:Bateman, Joshua (1 September 2017). 7536:from the original on 30 January 2022 7349:from the original on 3 November 2022 7295:from the original on 13 October 2022 7223: 7144:from the original on 4 February 2016 7047:from the original on 4 February 2016 7010:MacDonald, Alistair (14 July 2023). 6912: 6749:from the original on 4 February 2016 6719:from the original on 3 February 2016 6588:from the original on 5 February 2016 6576:D'Andrea, Raffaello (11 June 2013). 6527:from the original on 5 February 2016 6497:from the original on 20 January 2016 5992:from the original on 26 October 2019 5554: 5506:. Madrid: IEEE. pp. 4729–4734. 5474:from the original on 13 October 2020 5402: 5286:from the original on 29 January 2016 5122:from the original on 3 December 2013 5089:from the original on 26 October 2013 4991: 4747:Says, Robert Kanyike (21 May 2012). 4746: 4576:from the original on 6 December 2017 4011: 3671:"Drones and Artificial Intelligence" 3458:from the original on 12 January 2023 3301: 3299: 3268: 2904:National Transportation Safety Board 2316:allows damage-resilient UAVs, using 1646: 1621:digital electronic speed controllers 1163:. As a result, Israel developed the 960:bombers remotely in the late 1930s. 677:HALE (high altitude, long endurance) 608:≥ 25 kg & <150 kg 602:≥ 250 gm & <02 kg 65:UAV for commercial and recreational 10126:Hill, J., & Rogers, A. (2014). 10002:from the original on 5 October 2022 9743:"Uncrewed Aerial Systems: A Primer" 9575:from the original on 5 January 2017 9532:Walters, Sander (29 October 2016). 9452:from the original on 28 August 2016 9237:from the original on 3 October 2018 8677:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8383:from the original on 26 August 2021 8069:Greenwood, Faine (16 August 2017). 8048:"IDF buying mass-market DJI drones" 7978:Peterson, Andrea (19 August 2013). 7698: 7484: 7193:McNabb, Miriam (28 February 2020). 6872:. Tam.plannet21.com. Archived from 6435:from the original on 7 October 2021 5143:"Israeli Robots Remake Battlefield" 5059:. Howstuffworks.com. 22 July 2008. 4710:Dempsey, Martin E. (9 April 2010). 4386:. 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Osprey Publishing. p. 16. 3296: 3083:Missile Technology Control Regime 2175:The aircraft is currently in the 1835: 1287:, according to a report from the 1003: 10729: 10728: 10718: 10717: 10707: 10706: 10696: 10695: 10685: 10684: 10674: 10673: 10663: 10662: 10652: 10651: 10014: 9984: 9972:from the original on 27 May 2021 9954: 9942:from the original on 27 May 2021 9924: 9912:from the original on 17 May 2021 9893: 9858: 9828: 9784:Expert Systems with Applications 9734: 9708: 9682: 9650:. SciTePress. pp. 136–146. 9587: 9563:Glaser, April (4 January 2017). 9556: 9525: 9494: 9464: 9444:Rocha, Veronica (21 July 2015). 9437: 9412: 9381: 9249: 9218: 9191: 9176: 9137: 9124: 9094: 9064: 9052:from the original on 7 July 2019 9034: 8989: 8952: 8903: 8854: 8807: 8766: 8725: 8664: 8597: 8562: 8511: 8444: 8395: 8369: 8343: 8317: 8287: 8197: 8165: 8135: 8103: 8062: 8040: 8010: 7971: 7945: 7915: 7903:from the original on 17 May 2021 7885: 7866: 7836: 7803: 7760: 7749:Anwar, Nessa (7 February 2023). 7742: 7711: 7692: 7673: 7632: 7614: 7598:. 2 January 2014. Archived from 7584: 7558:Arnett, George (16 March 2015). 7472:from the original on 7 June 2021 7454: 7361: 7248: 7217: 7186: 7174:from the original on 20 May 2020 7156: 7119: 7088: 7066:D. Boskovic and Knoebel (2009). 7059: 7022: 7003: 6963: 6951:from the original on 1 July 2013 6937: 6906: 6888: 6862: 6844: 6818: 6792: 6761: 6731: 6701: 6671: 6641: 6600: 6569: 6539: 6509: 6470: 6460:US Air Force Research Laboratory 6447: 6417: 6374: 6213:10.1109/MOSATT48908.2019.8944101 6017:Aerospace Science and Technology 5822:Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 5794:from the original on 4 July 2018 5063:from the original on 22 May 2013 3911:from the original on 23 May 2022 3318:from the original on 11 May 2021 3237: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3096:List of unmanned aerial vehicles 2677: 1846:exchange of video and other data 1651: 1627:of the motors) linked to motors/ 932:Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane 837:) in the first offensive use of 800:, Hatzerim airbase, Israel, 2006 707: 274:remotely piloted aircraft system 264:unmanned aircraft vehicle system 255:British Civil Aviation Authority 217:remote controlled model aircraft 11571:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel 11399:Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche 10925: 10048: 9601:from the original on 7 May 2017 9198:Dent, Steve (16 October 2017). 9078:. 12 March 2018. Archived from 8996:Peterman, V. (26 August 2015). 8210:Project On Government Oversight 6768:Gibbs, Yvonne (31 March 2015). 6401:10.1109/DASC58513.2023.10311133 6344: 6316: 6304:from the original on 9 May 2018 6286: 6249: 6192: 6135: 6075: 6045: 6004: 5906: 5888:Sarah Knapton (29 March 2016). 5881: 5806: 5774: 5707: 5640: 5618: 5599: 5574: 5548: 5489: 5459: 5427: 5396: 5363: 5199:Fuller, Christopher J. (2015). 5192: 5167: 5101: 5075: 5049: 4985: 4939: 4902: 4809: 4767: 4740: 4694: 4647: 4630: 4612: 4588: 4313: 4300: 4275: 4269:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.26198462.V1 4248: 4217:"Solar-Powered Drones and UAVs" 4208: 4151: 4126: 4077: 4059:Robotics and Autonomous Systems 4046: 3868:"Canadian Aviation Regulations" 3860: 3834: 3804: 3780: 3749: 3719: 3663: 3646: 3614: 3581: 2330: 1567: 1159:caused heavy damage to Israeli 1050:in 1960. Within days, a highly 972:and more models emerged during 963: 824: 544:> 50 cm & < 2 m 247:Federal Aviation Administration 223:remotely piloted aerial vehicle 11394:Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird 8888:10.1088/1755-1315/349/1/012009 8324:Hirsch, Lauren (1 July 2023). 6613:Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 3548: 3511: 3470: 3408: 3269:Tice, Brian P. (Spring 1991). 3262: 3121:List of films featuring drones 2898:occurred on 10 August 2018 in 2831:Use of UAVs in law enforcement 2455:Unmanned combat aerial vehicle 2296: 1510:Ornithopters – wing propulsion 1182: 1023:of 1951, while companies like 936:Dayton-Wright Airplane Company 634:), or with various degrees of 175:. Later examples included the 147: 1: 11627:Next Generation Air Dominance 11617:Light Helicopter Experimental 11546:General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger 8457:Biodiversity and Conservation 7699:Joe, Rick (5 February 2020). 7532:. TRTWORLD. 23 January 2022. 7466:www.intelligent-aerospace.com 7368:Horowitz, Michael C. (2020). 6634:10.1016/S1000-9361(08)60095-3 6454:Clough, Bruce (August 2002). 5372:Univ. Ill. Law Rev.:1201–1241 4619:Biodiversity Heritage Library 4601:, John Wiley and Sons, 2006, 4501:Haydon, F. Stansbury (2000). 4345:. Pen and Sword. p. 19. 4215:jenks2026 (30 January 2024). 3250: 3136:Micromechanical Flying Insect 3011: 2948: 2871:List of UAV-related incidents 1996:Air Force Research Laboratory 1721:Orocos-Robot Operating System 1500:battery elimination circuitry 1466: 1229:General Atomics MQ-1 Predator 906:British unmanned developments 877:in 1903, as a way of testing 688:CIS Lunar Earth-Moon transfer 11528:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 10538:Flying boats and floatplanes 10062:Sayler, Kelley (June 2015). 9501:Mike Mount; Elaine Quijano. 8143:"大疆创新与新疆自治区公安厅结为警用无人机战略合作伙伴" 5852:10.1088/1748-3182/9/2/025004 5741:10.1371/journal.pone.0058210 5674:10.1371/journal.pone.0058210 5217:10.1080/02684527.2014.895569 4543:Smithsonian Annals of Flight 4378:Hallion, Richard P. (2003). 4255:Fabled Sky Research (2024). 3703:. Drones Etc. Archived from 3255: 2284:The delicacy of the British 2060: 1773:PX4, Cleanflight, ArduPilot 1610: 1558:UAV-systems control hardware 1428:For conventional flight the 1394:Small civilian UAVs have no 1385:environmental control system 881:without risking human life. 245:(DoD) and the United States 7: 11988:Global Combat Air Programme 11959:Global Combat Air Programme 11894:Global Combat Air Programme 11482:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 10242: 8974:10.1016/j.jrmge.2023.12.004 7224:Peck, Abe (19 March 2020). 6828:. Designation-systems.net. 4774:Andersson, Lennart (1994). 4545:(9). Washington, DC: 1–85. 4468:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 9–10. 4423:Renner, Stephen L. (2016). 4184:10.1016/j.egyai.2022.100175 4071:10.1016/j.robot.2018.02.019 4053:Hu, J.; Lanzon, A. (2018). 3306:Alvarado, Ed (3 May 2021). 3186:Unmanned underwater vehicle 3088: 2997:counter unmanned air system 2963:Counter unmanned air system 2888: 2672:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2601:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2557:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1911: 1642: 1260:Central Intelligence Agency 968:In 1940, Denny started the 717:Battery-powered (Electric): 645: 78:General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper 10: 12434: 11444:Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA 9806:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117665 9202:. Engadget. Archived from 8937:10.1007/s10346-023-02082-y 8840:10.1007/s10346-023-02044-4 8583:10.1007/s10530-023-03190-5 8524:Applied Vegetation Science 8477:10.1007/s10531-020-02073-8 4534:Mikesh, Robert C. (1973). 4462:Murphy, Justin D. (2005). 3181:UAV ground control station 3171:Satellite Sentinel Project 3161:Optionally piloted vehicle 3066:Class Identification Label 3064:The implementation of the 3031:civil aviation authorities 3015: 2988: 2883: 2868: 2853: 2828: 2792: 2707: 2681: 2452: 2448: 2334: 2143:Lengthy endurance flights 2044:Performance considerations 1915: 1572: 763: 759: 18: 12356: 12327: 12298: 12271: 12253: 12246: 12217: 12190: 12172: 12158: 12151: 12124: 12106: 12099: 12077: 12059: 12052: 12030: 12007: 12000: 11971: 11949: 11931: 11924: 11902: 11884: 11861: 11852: 11825: 11807: 11769: 11741: 11734: 11692: 11674: 11651: 11644: 11602:Advanced Tactical Fighter 11594: 11566:Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost 11536: 11513: 11495: 11472: 11384: 11375: 11366: 11282: 11050: 11041: 10983: 10979: 10966: 10931: 10920: 10877: 10849: 10823: 10795: 10774: 10766:Four-engined jet aircraft 10743: 10644: 10602: 10576: 10490: 10486: 10475: 10471: 10458: 10248: 10237: 9144:Faust, Daniel R. (2015). 8698:10.5194/hess-20-4005-2016 8630:10.1007/s11119-012-9274-5 7680:Skove, Sam (1 May 2024). 6160:10.1016/j.mex.2018.09.003 6038:10.1016/j.ast.2015.08.010 5555:Hill, John (7 May 2024). 5512:10.1109/IROS.2018.8593859 5351:The Brookings Institution 5174:Gal-Or, Benjamin (1990). 5057:"A Brief History of UAVs" 4551:10.5479/si.AnnalsFlight.9 4287:www.commercialuavnews.com 4111:10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377 3758:"unmanned aerial vehicle" 3727:"unmanned aerial vehicle" 3443:10.5194/essd-12-1545-2020 3422:Earth System Science Data 3151:Radio-controlled aircraft 1983:(such as rolls and loops) 1926:UAV's degrees of autonomy 1660:This section needs to be 1586:inertial measurement unit 1492:lithium-polymer batteries 1366: 1304:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war 1274:radio-controlled aircraft 1130:Air Force Systems Command 910:de Havilland 82 Queen Bee 628:remotely piloted aircraft 556: 12403:Unmanned aerial vehicles 12182:Future Combat Air System 12116:Future Combat Air System 12069:Future Combat Air System 11622:Long Range Strike Bomber 11505:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk 10085:Wagner, William (1982), 9666:10.5220/0010836600003124 7645:South China Morning Post 7029:Boniol (December 2014). 7018:– via www.wsj.com. 5913:Antonio (11 July 2024). 4749:"History of U.S. Drones" 4325:27 February 2023 at the 2985:Cannon anti-drone system 2939:Federal Trade Commission 2929:Security vulnerabilities 2719:Environmental monitoring 2610: 2322:crewed avionics software 1529:Computer control systems 1490:Small drones mostly use 1197:lethal autonomous weapon 1056:clash in the Tonkin Gulf 900:in preparations for the 875:Paris Academy of Science 798:Israeli Air Force Museum 654:Unmanned Systems forum: 475:> 150 & < 650 354:> 55 & < 1320 235:unmanned aircraft system 134:environmental monitoring 11941:Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin 11871:British Aerospace P.125 11576:Northrop Grumman RQ-180 10446:unmanned aerial vehicle 9906:Drone Industry Insights 8879:2019E&ES..349a2009Y 8022:Drone Business Marketer 7667:The Wall Street Journal 7230:Inside Unmanned Systems 5612:The Future of Drone Use 5356:26 January 2018 at the 5148:The Wall Street Journal 4909:Dunstan, Simon (2013). 4413:, R. D. Layman, page 56 4339:Kaplan, Philip (2013). 3762:Encyclopedia Britannica 3675:Drone Industry Insights 3312:Drone Industry Insights 3176:Tactical Control System 2501:ground control stations 1359:According to data from 1293:autonomous killer-robot 1256:United States Air Force 1205:Counterterrorism Center 865:Leonardo Torres Quevedo 702:unmanned aerial systems 507: 472:> 50 & < 150 196:unmanned aerial vehicle 112:), commonly known as a 106:unmanned aerial vehicle 11840:Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B 11794:Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate 11632:Next-Generation Bomber 11586:General Atomics XQ-67A 11556:Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat 11459:Northrop Grumman X-47B 10619:Maximum takeoff weight 10437:human-powered aircraft 10195:Rolling Stone Magazine 10112:The Aviation Historian 9624:. pp. 1223–1232. 7101:University of Michigan 6870:"Trans atlantic Model" 6826:"General Atomics Gnat" 4816:H. R. Everett (2015). 4654:H. R. Everett (2015). 4509:. JHU Press. pp. 2986: 2978: 2880: 2807: 2733:invasive alien species 2623: 2504: 2303:resilience engineering 2177:Hiller Aviation Museum 2078: 2070: 2010: 2007:Northrop Grumman X-47B 1927: 1848:. Early UAVs had only 1827:is common. Sometimes, 1807: 1731:Flight stack overview 1551:single-board computers 1542: 1415:Aircraft configuration 1376: 1326:UAVs are also used in 1323: 1236:air-to-ground missiles 1225:some carried armaments 1200: 1149:surface-to-air missile 1136:, Commander in Chief, 998:Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 833:(the precursor to the 821: 809: 801: 785: 779:de Havilland Queen Bee 521:Micro/Very small UAVs 443:Very close range UAVs 351:> 20 & < 55 173:de Havilland Queen Bee 101: 81: 69: 48: 37: 11581:Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie 11551:Boeing MQ-25 Stingray 11434:Lockheed Martin FB-22 10831:Early flying machines 10166:. Between the Lines. 10026:www.eur-lex.europa.eu 9460:– via LA Times. 8792:10.3390/drones8010030 8751:10.3390/drones7030212 8610:Precision Agriculture 8213:. 25 September 2018. 7955:. 14 September 2015. 7850:. 18 September 2018. 7323:ACM Computing Surveys 6999:on 24 September 2010. 6057:playground.arduino.cc 5345:6 August 2011 at the 4992:Blum, Howard (2003). 3731:TheFreeDictionary.com 3496:10.3390/drones4010005 2989:Further information: 2984: 2970: 2878: 2802: 2643:, and French company 2618: 2486: 2086:Wankel rotary engines 2076: 2068: 2004: 1925: 1867:techniques and carry 1805: 1699:, etc. shielded with 1536: 1396:life-critical systems 1374: 1312: 1221:surveillance aircraft 1190: 1169:completely neutralize 1138:Strategic Air Command 1060:North Vietnamese Navy 938:invented a pilotless 863:The Spanish engineer 815: 807: 791: 773: 469:> 5 & < 50 140:, entertainment, and 130:precision agriculture 87: 75: 54: 43: 31: 11761:Mikoyan Project 1.44 11612:Joint Strike Fighter 11439:Lockheed Martin X-35 10899:Light-sport aircraft 9900:Boedecker, Hendrik. 9790:. Elsevier: 117665. 9004:. XL-1–W4: 215–218. 8571:Biological Invasions 8149:. 24 December 2017. 8058:on 11 December 2017. 7893:"UAS by the Numbers" 7873:Daly, David (2021). 7170:. 31 December 2019. 7038:Aerospacelab Journal 6814:on 11 September 2013 6683:Pelonis Technologies 6523:. 27 November 2012. 5085:. Strategypage.com. 4728:on 22 September 2018 4687:Taylor, John W. R.. 3967:29 June 2021 at the 3905:"UAV classification" 3756:Guilmartin, John F. 2561:Israel-Gaza conflict 2489:Baykar Bayraktar TB2 2187:General Atomics Gnat 2132:and communications. 1944:or inertial sensors. 1504:microcontroller unit 1485:Wankel rotary engine 1452:in use vary widely. 1389:life support systems 1338:Dragonfly spacecraft 1313:Artist's concept of 1175:at the start of the 898:Wing Commander Brock 285:Classification types 181:Miles Queen Martinet 45:Northrop Grumman Bat 21:UAV (disambiguation) 12281:Bayraktar Kızılelma 11912:BAE Systems Taranis 11876:BAE Systems Replica 11523:Northrop B-2 Spirit 11454:Northrop Tacit Blue 11404:Boeing Bird of Prey 10158:on 6 February 2016. 9718:. 21 January 2019. 9263:. 26 January 2019. 9010:2015ISPAr.XL1..215P 8928:2023Lands..20.1657T 8832:2023Lands..20.1405D 8689:2016HESS...20.4005P 8622:2012PrAgr..13..693Z 8536:2016AppVS..19..132G 8469:2021BiCon..30....1R 8420:2017FloMI..54..243F 7984:The Washington Post 7503:. 27 October 2016. 7084:on 4 February 2016. 7016:Wall Street Journal 6713:www.gtri.gatech.edu 6625:2009ChJAn..22..250Y 6483:The Washington Post 6265:IFAC World Congress 6101:2018RemS...10..641M 6029:2015AeST...46..436F 5970:10.1038/nature14542 5962:2015Natur.521..460F 5834:2014BiBi....9b5004C 5787:The Washington Post 5732:2013PLoSO...858210T 5665:2013PLoSO...858210T 5178:. Springer Verlag. 5031:, p. 200, 212. 4599:History of wireless 4176:2022EneAI...900175Z 4102:2021TRPC..13203377G 3844:. 23 January 2017. 3707:on 17 November 2015 3434:2020ESSD...12.1545P 3156:Autonomous aircraft 3053:RaceDayQuads v. FAA 2865:Safety and security 2599:Following the 2022 2493:Ukrainian Air Force 2406:scientific research 2394:Aerial surveillance 2318:non-linear analysis 2144: 2096:Hydrogen fuel cells 2036:. In this context, 2022:collision avoidance 1918:Autonomous aircraft 1781:Computer-intensive 1759:ArduCopter-v1, PX4 1732: 1623:(which control the 1473:internal combustion 1450:wing configurations 1289:UN Security Council 1068:Ryan AQM-91 Firefly 847:incendiary balloons 752:Hydrogen Fuel Cell: 430:Range and endurance 392:> 18,000 ft 387:< 18,000 ft 382:< 18,000 ft 369:Operating altitude 177:Airspeed Queen Wasp 90:fixed-wing aircraft 11712:CAIG Wing Loong-10 11561:Boeing Phantom Ray 11424:Lockheed Have Blue 11369:Stealth technology 11295:WWI Central Powers 10787:Regional airliners 10189:2 May 2018 at the 10056:Drone War Vietnam. 9996:www.eudronport.com 9427:The New York Times 9206:on 16 October 2017 8544:10.1111/avsc.12204 8330:The New York Times 7776:The New York Times 6653:patents.google.com 6333:. September 2012. 6110:10.3390/rs10040641 4863:, p. xi, xii. 4662:. pp. 91–95. 4644:, 7 November 2011. 4138:www.flyability.com 3822:on 6 February 2016 3800:on 2 October 2008. 3677:. 28 August 2018. 2991:Electronic warfare 2987: 2979: 2881: 2844:traffic monitoring 2808: 2804:Agricultural drone 2795:Agricultural drone 2760:Geological hazards 2704:Aerial photography 2635:, Chinese company 2624: 2505: 2463:Loitering munition 2367:, conservation of 2142: 2122:weather monitoring 2079: 2071: 2015:airborne refueling 2011: 1928: 1865:quality of service 1808: 1730: 1543: 1496:hydrogen fuel cell 1377: 1324: 1263:also operated UAVs 1201: 1147:, Soviet-supplied 970:Radioplane Company 945:The film star and 886:military personnel 822: 810: 802: 786: 696:Composite criteria 621:Degree of autonomy 574:Micro air vehicles 452:Medium range UAVs 377:< 3,500 ft 372:< 1,200 ft 204:aerodynamic forces 189:aerial photography 138:product deliveries 126:aerial photography 120:without any human 102: 82: 70: 67:aerial photography 49: 38: 12390: 12389: 12386: 12385: 12352: 12351: 12344:KAI KF-21 Boramae 12323: 12322: 12315:KAI KF-21 Boramae 12294: 12293: 12242: 12241: 12213: 12212: 12147: 12146: 12095: 12094: 12048: 12047: 11996: 11995: 11967: 11966: 11920: 11919: 11848: 11847: 11730: 11729: 11640: 11639: 11326: 11325: 11322: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11310:World War II jets 11278: 11277: 10973:Military aircraft 10962: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10954: 10953: 10936:By date and usage 10916: 10915: 10912: 10911: 10808:Regional airliner 10508:Electric aircraft 10481:By characteristic 10454: 10453: 10231:Lists of aircraft 10096:978-0-8168-6654-0 9992:"UAS Class Label" 9675:978-989-758-555-5 9231:Teton Valley News 9046:finance.yahoo.com 8683:(10): 4005–4015. 8119:. 26 March 2020. 7602:on 8 January 2015 7468:. 19 March 2021. 7273:10.1111/ibi.12993 6902:on 23 April 2011. 6551:bdml.stanford.edu 6410:979-8-3503-3357-2 6385:. pp. 1–10. 6222:978-1-7281-5083-3 5956:(7553): 460–466. 5521:978-1-5386-8094-0 5403:Hambling, David. 5338:Singer, Peter W. 5185:978-3-540-97161-0 4996:. HarperCollins. 4899:, p. 78, 79. 4669:978-0-262-02922-3 4520:978-0-8018-6442-1 4475:978-1-85109-488-2 4436:978-0-253-02339-1 4397:978-0-19-028959-1 4352:978-1-4738-2997-8 3630:. 17 April 2017. 3607:10.3390/w11030604 3574:10.3390/w10030264 3541:10.3390/w10050655 3381:978-0-323-85283-8 3244:Telecommunication 3131:MARSS Interceptor 2840:search and rescue 2503:in the background 2475:Micro air vehicle 2282: 2281: 2126:disaster recovery 1970:or homing beacon. 1968:image recognition 1880:radio transmitter 1791: 1790: 1778:Operating system 1681: 1680: 1434:blended wing body 1306:against Armenia. 1080:Wide World Photos 924:Charles Kettering 775:Winston Churchill 615: 614: 599:< 250 gm 554: 553: 505: 504: 449:Short range UAVs 446:Close range UAVs 424: 423: 362:>1,320 lb 357:>1,320 lb 128:, area coverage, 12425: 12361: 12360: 12332: 12331: 12303: 12302: 12251: 12250: 12222: 12221: 12156: 12155: 12104: 12103: 12057: 12056: 12005: 12004: 11976: 11975: 11929: 11928: 11859: 11858: 11739: 11738: 11649: 11648: 11382: 11381: 11360:Stealth aircraft 11353: 11346: 11339: 11330: 11329: 11048: 11047: 10981: 10980: 10968: 10967: 10922: 10921: 10732: 10731: 10721: 10720: 10710: 10709: 10699: 10698: 10688: 10687: 10677: 10676: 10666: 10665: 10655: 10654: 10488: 10487: 10477: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10460: 10459: 10239: 10238: 10224: 10217: 10210: 10201: 10200: 10159: 10157: 10151:. Archived from 10146: 10123: 10099: 10081: 10080:on 6 March 2016. 10079: 10073:. Archived from 10068: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10018: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 9988: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9958: 9952: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9897: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9880: 9873: 9862: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9799: 9779: 9773: 9772: 9766: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9738: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9727: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9701: 9686: 9680: 9679: 9659: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9617: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9606: 9597:. 6 March 2017. 9591: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9498: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9487: 9468: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9424: 9416: 9410: 9409: 9407: 9405: 9385: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9355: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9322: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9195: 9189: 9188: 9180: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9141: 9135: 9132:Vombatus ursinus 9128: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9098: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9038: 9032: 9031: 9021: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8976: 8956: 8950: 8949: 8939: 8922:(8): 1657–1665. 8907: 8901: 8900: 8890: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8826:(7): 1405–1417. 8811: 8805: 8804: 8794: 8770: 8764: 8763: 8753: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8700: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8515: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8431: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8291: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8264: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8091:on 17 April 2018 8087:. Archived from 8066: 8060: 8059: 8054:. Archived from 8044: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8014: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7929:. 4 April 2017. 7919: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7859: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7807: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7772: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7658: 7649: 7648: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7555: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7526: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7497: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7458: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7432: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7401: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7314: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7143: 7132: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7077:. Archived from 7072: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7046: 7035: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6947:. Spacewar.com. 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6921:. Archived from 6910: 6904: 6903: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6858:on 30 July 2013. 6854:. Archived from 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6807:, archived from 6806: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6394: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6328: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6273: 6262: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6179: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6122: 6112: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5941: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5902:on 1 April 2016. 5898:. Archived from 5885: 5879: 5878: 5877:on 16 April 2016 5876: 5870:, archived from 5845: 5819: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5761: 5743: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5694: 5676: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5631: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5481: 5479: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5400: 5394: 5391: 5385: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5367: 5361: 5360:, November 2009. 5336: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5253: 5246: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5007: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4976: 4974: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4799: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4727: 4721:. Archived from 4716: 4707: 4701: 4698: 4692: 4685: 4674: 4673: 4651: 4645: 4634: 4628: 4616: 4610: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4575: 4540: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4508: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4385: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4336: 4330: 4317: 4311: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4263:: 219399 Bytes. 4261:UAV Technologies 4252: 4246: 4245: 4239: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4195: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4113: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4033: 4026: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3984: 3978: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3942: 3935: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3901: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3818:. Archived from 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3793:. Archived from 3792: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3667: 3661: 3652:Note; the term " 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3498: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3445: 3428:(3): 1545–1559. 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3366: 3357: 3350: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3277:. Archived from 3275:Airpower Journal 3266: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3230: 3229: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3197: 2850:Humanitarian Aid 2806:on trailer setup 2710:Drone journalism 2518:Northrop Grumman 2344:Amazon Prime Air 2268:QinetiQ Zephyr 7 2236:RQ-4 Global Hawk 2145: 2141: 2034:machine learning 1844:for control and 1733: 1729: 1676: 1673: 1667: 1655: 1654: 1647: 1547:system-on-a-chip 1254:As of 2012, the 1233:AGM-114 Hellfire 1231:, that launched 1177:1982 Lebanon War 1143:During the 1973 1087:War of Attrition 835:aircraft carrier 745:Nuclear-powered: 582:or Small (SUAV) 564: 563: 541:< 50 cm 524:Mini/Small UAVs 515: 514: 455:Long range UAVs 437: 436: 414:(460 km/h) 412:< 250 kn 409:(460 km/h) 407:< 250 kn 404:(190 km/h) 402:< 100 kn 343:Max take-off wt 300: 299: 98:MQ-8B Fire Scout 12433: 12432: 12428: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12423: 12422: 12393: 12392: 12391: 12382: 12348: 12319: 12290: 12267: 12238: 12234:Flygsystem 2020 12209: 12186: 12168: 12143: 12134:Dassault nEUROn 12120: 12091: 12087:Dassault nEUROn 12073: 12044: 12026: 12022:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA 11992: 11963: 11945: 11916: 11898: 11880: 11854: 11844: 11821: 11803: 11799:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA 11765: 11751:Yakovlev Yak-43 11726: 11707:AVIC Dark Sword 11688: 11670: 11636: 11590: 11532: 11509: 11491: 11468: 11377: 11371: 11362: 11357: 11327: 11314: 11274: 11037: 11028:Submarine-borne 11023:Maritime patrol 10975: 10950: 10927: 10908: 10887: 10873: 10845: 10819: 10791: 10770: 10739: 10640: 10629:very light jets 10612: 10598: 10572: 10482: 10467: 10450: 10244: 10233: 10228: 10191:Wayback Machine 10180: 10155: 10144: 10106: 10104:Further reading 10097: 10077: 10066: 10051: 10046: 10045: 10035: 10033: 10020: 10019: 10015: 10005: 10003: 9998:. August 2022. 9990: 9989: 9985: 9975: 9973: 9960: 9959: 9955: 9945: 9943: 9930: 9929: 9925: 9915: 9913: 9898: 9894: 9884: 9882: 9881:on 4 March 2016 9878: 9871: 9863: 9859: 9849: 9847: 9834: 9833: 9829: 9780: 9776: 9760: 9759: 9752: 9750: 9739: 9735: 9725: 9723: 9714: 9713: 9709: 9699: 9697: 9688: 9687: 9683: 9676: 9643: 9639: 9618: 9614: 9604: 9602: 9593: 9592: 9588: 9578: 9576: 9561: 9557: 9547: 9545: 9530: 9526: 9516: 9514: 9499: 9495: 9485: 9483: 9470: 9469: 9465: 9455: 9453: 9442: 9438: 9417: 9413: 9403: 9401: 9386: 9382: 9372: 9370: 9357: 9356: 9352: 9342: 9340: 9323: 9319: 9309: 9307: 9292: 9288: 9278: 9276: 9255: 9254: 9250: 9240: 9238: 9223: 9219: 9209: 9207: 9196: 9192: 9181: 9177: 9167: 9165: 9158: 9142: 9138: 9129: 9125: 9115: 9113: 9100: 9099: 9095: 9085: 9083: 9082:on 29 June 2018 9070: 9069: 9065: 9055: 9053: 9040: 9039: 9035: 8994: 8990: 8957: 8953: 8908: 8904: 8859: 8855: 8812: 8808: 8771: 8767: 8730: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8669: 8665: 8655: 8653: 8602: 8598: 8567: 8563: 8553: 8551: 8516: 8512: 8502: 8500: 8449: 8445: 8400: 8396: 8386: 8384: 8375: 8374: 8370: 8360: 8358: 8349: 8348: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8322: 8318: 8308: 8306: 8293: 8292: 8288: 8278: 8276: 8265: 8261: 8251: 8249: 8234: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8203: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8181:. 7 June 2018. 8171: 8170: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8141: 8140: 8136: 8126: 8124: 8109: 8108: 8104: 8094: 8092: 8067: 8063: 8046: 8045: 8041: 8031: 8029: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8001: 7999: 7976: 7972: 7962: 7960: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7936: 7934: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7906: 7904: 7891: 7890: 7886: 7871: 7867: 7857: 7855: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7808: 7804: 7794: 7792: 7765: 7761: 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7716: 7712: 7697: 7693: 7678: 7674: 7659: 7652: 7637: 7633: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7605: 7603: 7590: 7589: 7585: 7575: 7573: 7556: 7549: 7539: 7537: 7528: 7527: 7520: 7510: 7508: 7499: 7498: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7445: 7443: 7434: 7433: 7424: 7414: 7412: 7403: 7402: 7395: 7366: 7362: 7352: 7350: 7335:10.1145/3347713 7315: 7308: 7298: 7296: 7253: 7249: 7239: 7237: 7222: 7218: 7208: 7206: 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7130: 7124: 7120: 7110: 7108: 7093: 7089: 7081: 7070: 7064: 7060: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7033: 7027: 7023: 7008: 7004: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6977:on 24 May 2011. 6969: 6968: 6964: 6954: 6952: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6928: 6926: 6925:on 2 April 2015 6913:Simonite, Tom. 6911: 6907: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6811: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6745:. 20 May 2015. 6737: 6736: 6732: 6722: 6720: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6605: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6574: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6530: 6528: 6515: 6514: 6510: 6500: 6498: 6475: 6471: 6452: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6423: 6422: 6418: 6411: 6379: 6375: 6365: 6363: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6337: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6292: 6291: 6287: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6260: 6254: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6223: 6197: 6193: 6140: 6136: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6009: 6005: 5995: 5993: 5942: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5911: 5907: 5886: 5882: 5874: 5843:10.1.1.650.3728 5817: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5712: 5708: 5645: 5641: 5629: 5623: 5619: 5604: 5600: 5590: 5588: 5580: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5561:Army Technology 5553: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5522: 5494: 5490: 5477: 5475: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5443:. 29 May 2021. 5433: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5416: 5401: 5397: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5368: 5364: 5358:Wayback Machine 5347:Wayback Machine 5337: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5151:. p. A10. 5139: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5090: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5042: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5004: 4990: 4986: 4972: 4970: 4963: 4944: 4940: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4847: 4843: 4836: 4814: 4810: 4797: 4795: 4788: 4772: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4745: 4741: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4714: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4670: 4652: 4648: 4636:Randy Alfred, " 4635: 4631: 4617: 4613: 4595:Tapan K. Sarkar 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4538: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4499: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4476: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4437: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4376: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4353: 4337: 4333: 4327:Wayback Machine 4318: 4314: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4253: 4249: 4233: 4232: 4225: 4223: 4213: 4209: 4156: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4082: 4078: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4034:on 4 March 2016 4031: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3985: 3981: 3977:, 29 June 2021. 3969:Wayback Machine 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3933: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3912: 3903: 3902: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3874:. 1 June 2019. 3866: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3635: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3586: 3582: 3553: 3549: 3520:Sharp, Julia L. 3516: 3512: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3382: 3368: 3367: 3360: 3351: 3344: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3304: 3297: 3284: 3282: 3281:on 24 July 2009 3267: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3224: 3220:Systems science 3214: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3192: 3190: 3091: 3079: 3077:Export controls 3062: 3020: 3014: 2993: 2965: 2960: 2958:Countermeasures 2951: 2931: 2896:hot air balloon 2891: 2886: 2873: 2867: 2858: 2852: 2833: 2827: 2825:Law enforcement 2797: 2791: 2762: 2721: 2712: 2706: 2690: 2680: 2668:American police 2666:since 2017 and 2613: 2594:target practice 2514:Lockheed Martin 2510:General Atomics 2481: 2453:Main articles: 2451: 2414:cargo transport 2377:law enforcement 2361:disaster relief 2339: 2333: 2314:flight envelope 2307:fault tolerance 2299: 2260:28–31 July 2008 2152: 2114:low Earth orbit 2103:Reynolds number 2063: 2051: 2049:Flight envelope 2046: 2038:computer vision 2030:cognitive radio 1979:Pre-programmed 1920: 1914: 1891:military powers 1838: 1800: 1798:Loop principles 1677: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1613: 1575: 1570: 1531: 1512: 1469: 1417: 1369: 1213:AAI Pioneer UAV 1209:AAI Corporation 1185: 1126:George S. Brown 1048:shot down a U-2 1039:. In 1959, the 1006: 986:V-1 flying bomb 966: 831:balloon carrier 827: 818:Tadiran Mastiff 768: 762: 748:implementation. 710: 698: 648: 623: 559: 536:Length/Wingspan 510: 432: 413: 408: 403: 394:(5,500 m) 393: 389:(5,500 m) 388: 384:(5,500 m) 383: 379:(1,100 m) 378: 373: 363: 358: 347: 346:< 20 lb 287: 253:(ICAO) and the 213:kamikaze drones 150: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12431: 12421: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12388: 12387: 12384: 12383: 12381: 12380: 12375: 12373:IAIO Qaher-313 12369: 12367: 12358: 12354: 12353: 12350: 12349: 12347: 12346: 12340: 12338: 12329: 12325: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12311: 12309: 12300: 12296: 12295: 12292: 12291: 12289: 12288: 12283: 12277: 12275: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12265: 12259: 12257: 12248: 12244: 12243: 12240: 12239: 12237: 12236: 12230: 12228: 12219: 12215: 12214: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12207: 12205:Airbus Wingman 12202: 12200:EADS Barracuda 12196: 12194: 12188: 12187: 12185: 12184: 12178: 12176: 12170: 12169: 12166:MBB Lampyridae 12164: 12162: 12153: 12149: 12148: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12139:EADS Barracuda 12136: 12130: 12128: 12122: 12121: 12119: 12118: 12112: 12110: 12101: 12097: 12096: 12093: 12092: 12090: 12089: 12083: 12081: 12075: 12074: 12072: 12071: 12065: 12063: 12054: 12050: 12049: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12042: 12036: 12034: 12028: 12027: 12025: 12024: 12019: 12013: 12011: 12002: 11998: 11997: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11990: 11984: 11982: 11973: 11969: 11968: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11961: 11955: 11953: 11947: 11946: 11944: 11943: 11937: 11935: 11926: 11922: 11921: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11914: 11908: 11906: 11900: 11899: 11897: 11896: 11890: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11878: 11873: 11867: 11865: 11856: 11850: 11849: 11846: 11845: 11843: 11842: 11837: 11831: 11829: 11823: 11822: 11820: 11819: 11817:Tupolev PAK DA 11813: 11811: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11784:Mikoyan PAK DP 11781: 11775: 11773: 11767: 11766: 11764: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11747: 11745: 11736: 11732: 11731: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11717:CASC Rainbow-7 11714: 11709: 11704: 11698: 11696: 11690: 11689: 11687: 11686: 11680: 11678: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11668: 11666:Shenyang FC-31 11663: 11657: 11655: 11646: 11642: 11641: 11638: 11637: 11635: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11598: 11596: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11542: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11531: 11530: 11525: 11519: 11517: 11511: 11510: 11508: 11507: 11501: 11499: 11493: 11492: 11490: 11489: 11484: 11478: 11476: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11466: 11464:Northrop YF-23 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11429:Lockheed YF-22 11426: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11390: 11388: 11379: 11373: 11372: 11367: 11364: 11363: 11356: 11355: 11348: 11341: 11333: 11324: 11323: 11320: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11286: 11284: 11280: 11279: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11272: 11267: 11265:United Kingdom 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11110:Czech Republic 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11051: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11009: 11008: 10998: 10993: 10987: 10985: 10977: 10976: 10964: 10963: 10960: 10959: 10956: 10955: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10948: 10943: 10941:By tail number 10938: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10918: 10917: 10914: 10913: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10885: 10882: 10878: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10871: 10866: 10865: 10864: 10853: 10851: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10827: 10825: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10817: 10816: 10815: 10805: 10799: 10797: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10778: 10776: 10772: 10771: 10769: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10747: 10745: 10741: 10740: 10738: 10737: 10726: 10715: 10704: 10693: 10682: 10671: 10660: 10648: 10646: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10638: 10636:Large aircraft 10633: 10632: 10631: 10624:Light aircraft 10621: 10615: 10613: 10611: 10610: 10607: 10603: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10580: 10578: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10533:Rocket-powered 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10494: 10492: 10484: 10483: 10469: 10468: 10465:Civil aircraft 10456: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10439: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10249: 10246: 10245: 10235: 10234: 10227: 10226: 10219: 10212: 10204: 10198: 10197: 10179: 10178:External links 10176: 10175: 10174: 10160: 10149:Science direct 10137: 10124: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10100: 10095: 10082: 10059: 10050: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10013: 9983: 9953: 9923: 9892: 9857: 9827: 9774: 9733: 9707: 9681: 9674: 9637: 9612: 9586: 9555: 9524: 9493: 9463: 9436: 9411: 9380: 9350: 9317: 9286: 9248: 9217: 9190: 9175: 9156: 9136: 9123: 9093: 9063: 9033: 8988: 8951: 8902: 8853: 8806: 8765: 8724: 8663: 8616:(6): 693–712. 8596: 8577:(2): 357–363. 8561: 8530:(1): 132–146. 8510: 8443: 8394: 8368: 8342: 8316: 8286: 8259: 8228: 8196: 8164: 8134: 8102: 8061: 8039: 8009: 7970: 7944: 7914: 7884: 7865: 7835: 7802: 7759: 7741: 7710: 7691: 7672: 7650: 7631: 7628:. 29 May 2018. 7613: 7583: 7547: 7518: 7483: 7453: 7422: 7393: 7380:(1): 385–400. 7360: 7306: 7267:(1): 320–328. 7247: 7216: 7185: 7155: 7118: 7087: 7058: 7021: 7002: 6980: 6962: 6936: 6905: 6887: 6876:on 22 May 2016 6861: 6843: 6817: 6791: 6760: 6743:www.gizmag.com 6730: 6700: 6670: 6640: 6619:(3): 250–256. 6599: 6568: 6538: 6508: 6469: 6446: 6416: 6409: 6373: 6343: 6315: 6285: 6248: 6221: 6191: 6134: 6089:Remote Sensing 6074: 6044: 6003: 5931: 5905: 5880: 5805: 5773: 5706: 5639: 5617: 5598: 5573: 5547: 5520: 5488: 5470:. Al Jazeera. 5458: 5426: 5395: 5386: 5377: 5362: 5328: 5297: 5265: 5230: 5211:(6): 769–792. 5191: 5184: 5166: 5133: 5100: 5074: 5048: 5046:, p. 208. 5033: 5021: 5019:, p. 202. 5009: 5002: 4984: 4961: 4938: 4921: 4901: 4889: 4877: 4875:, p. xii. 4865: 4853: 4841: 4834: 4808: 4786: 4766: 4739: 4702: 4693: 4675: 4668: 4646: 4629: 4611: 4587: 4526: 4519: 4493: 4474: 4454: 4435: 4415: 4403: 4396: 4370: 4351: 4331: 4312: 4299: 4274: 4247: 4207: 4150: 4125: 4076: 4045: 4010: 3979: 3954: 3922: 3889: 3859: 3833: 3816:www.sesarju.eu 3803: 3779: 3748: 3718: 3692: 3662: 3645: 3613: 3580: 3547: 3510: 3469: 3407: 3380: 3358: 3342: 3329: 3295: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3106:Drone in a Box 3103: 3101:Delivery drone 3098: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3078: 3075: 3061: 3058: 3016:Main article: 3013: 3010: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2930: 2927: 2909:Drones caused 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2866: 2863: 2856:Delivery drone 2851: 2848: 2829:Main article: 2826: 2823: 2793:Main article: 2790: 2787: 2761: 2758: 2750:photogrammetry 2746: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2729: 2720: 2717: 2705: 2702: 2679: 2676: 2641:Autel Robotics 2612: 2609: 2582:reconnaissance 2570:flapping-wing 2553:miniature UAVs 2450: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2434:thermal energy 2391: 2388: 2354: 2335:Main article: 2332: 2329: 2298: 2295: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2275:9–23 July 2010 2273: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2254:Solar Electric 2252:QinetiQ Zephyr 2248: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2228:September 2007 2226: 2223: 2222:Solar Electric 2220:QinetiQ Zephyr 2216: 2215: 2210: 2209:11 August 2003 2207: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2149: 2118:weather drones 2062: 2059: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1938: 1935: 1916:Main article: 1913: 1910: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1887: 1837: 1836:Communications 1834: 1833: 1832: 1825:PID controller 1818: 1799: 1796: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1767:Time-critical 1765: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1753:Time-critical 1751: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1679: 1678: 1659: 1657: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1612: 1609: 1601:hyper-spectral 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1530: 1527: 1514:Flapping-wing 1511: 1508: 1468: 1465: 1416: 1413: 1368: 1365: 1330:missions. The 1246:European Union 1227:, such as the 1195:was the first 1184: 1181: 1151:-batteries in 1145:Yom Kippur War 1099:Yom Kippur War 1091:reconnaissance 1064:Ryan Model 147 1041:U.S. Air Force 1027:offered their 1005: 1004:Postwar period 1002: 965: 962: 951:Reginald Denny 947:model-airplane 940:aerial torpedo 902:Zeebrugge Raid 843:naval aviation 826: 823: 764:Main article: 761: 758: 757: 756: 749: 742: 738:Solar-powered: 735: 728: 721: 709: 706: 697: 694: 693: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 674: 668: 665: 662: 659: 647: 644: 622: 619: 613: 612: 611:≥ 150 kg 609: 606: 603: 600: 597: 590: 589: 586: 583: 577: 571: 568: 558: 555: 552: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 532: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 509: 506: 503: 502: 501:> 36 or 48 499: 498:12 – 36 or 48 496: 493: 490: 487: 484:Endurance (hr) 480: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 457: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 431: 428: 422: 421: 418: 415: 410: 405: 400: 396: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 366: 365: 364:(600 kg) 360: 359:(600 kg) 355: 352: 349: 348:(9.1 kg) 344: 340: 339: 336: 333: 330: 327: 324: 320: 319: 316: 313: 310: 307: 304: 286: 283: 149: 146: 100:are also used. 32:Elbit Systems 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12430: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12400: 12398: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12370: 12368: 12366: 12362: 12359: 12355: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12339: 12337: 12333: 12330: 12326: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12308: 12304: 12301: 12297: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12270: 12264: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12245: 12235: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12223: 12220: 12216: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12193: 12189: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12163: 12161: 12157: 12154: 12150: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12123: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12111: 12109: 12105: 12102: 12098: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12080: 12076: 12070: 12067: 12066: 12064: 12062: 12058: 12055: 12051: 12041: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12033: 12029: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12012: 12010: 12006: 12003: 11999: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11974: 11970: 11960: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11952: 11948: 11942: 11939: 11938: 11936: 11934: 11930: 11927: 11923: 11913: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11905: 11901: 11895: 11892: 11891: 11889: 11887: 11883: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11868: 11866: 11864: 11860: 11857: 11851: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11832: 11830: 11828: 11824: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11810: 11806: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11776: 11774: 11772: 11768: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11740: 11737: 11733: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11695: 11691: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11673: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11656: 11654: 11650: 11647: 11643: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11599: 11597: 11593: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11539: 11535: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11516: 11512: 11506: 11503: 11502: 11500: 11498: 11494: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11471: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11374: 11370: 11365: 11361: 11354: 11349: 11347: 11342: 11340: 11335: 11334: 11331: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11281: 11271: 11270:United States 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11052: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11013:Carrier-based 11011: 11007: 11004: 11003: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10969: 10965: 10947: 10946:Most-produced 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10933: 10930: 10923: 10919: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10894:Business jets 10892: 10891: 10889: 10883: 10880: 10879: 10876: 10870: 10867: 10863: 10860: 10859: 10858: 10855: 10854: 10852: 10850:Rotor-powered 10848: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10822: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10782:Jet airliners 10780: 10779: 10777: 10773: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10744:Engine number 10742: 10736: 10727: 10725: 10716: 10714: 10705: 10703: 10694: 10692: 10683: 10681: 10672: 10670: 10661: 10659: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10643: 10637: 10634: 10630: 10627: 10626: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10608: 10605: 10604: 10601: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10581: 10579: 10575: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10523:Human-powered 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10478: 10474: 10470: 10466: 10461: 10457: 10447: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10247: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10225: 10220: 10218: 10213: 10211: 10206: 10205: 10202: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10173: 10172:9781771131544 10169: 10165: 10161: 10154: 10150: 10143: 10138: 10135: 10131: 10130: 10125: 10121: 10117: 10114:(39): 18–27. 10113: 10108: 10107: 10098: 10092: 10088: 10083: 10076: 10072: 10065: 10060: 10057: 10053: 10052: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10017: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9987: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9957: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9927: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9896: 9877: 9870: 9869: 9861: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9831: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9778: 9770: 9764: 9748: 9744: 9737: 9721: 9717: 9711: 9695: 9691: 9685: 9677: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9649: 9641: 9632: 9627: 9623: 9616: 9600: 9596: 9590: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9559: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9528: 9512: 9508: 9504: 9497: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9451: 9447: 9440: 9432: 9428: 9423: 9415: 9399: 9395: 9391: 9384: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9354: 9338: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9321: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9290: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9261:The Economist 9258: 9252: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9221: 9205: 9201: 9194: 9186: 9179: 9163: 9159: 9157:9781508145028 9153: 9149: 9148: 9147:Police Drones 9140: 9133: 9127: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9097: 9081: 9077: 9076:Drone Addicts 9073: 9067: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9029: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8992: 8984: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8955: 8947: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8906: 8898: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8873:(1): 012009. 8872: 8868: 8864: 8857: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8810: 8802: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8769: 8761: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8728: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8699: 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K. 4942: 4935: 4924: 4922:9781782004318 4918: 4914: 4913: 4905: 4898: 4893: 4887:, p. 79. 4886: 4881: 4874: 4869: 4862: 4857: 4851:, p. xi. 4850: 4845: 4837: 4835:9780262029223 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4805: 4793: 4789: 4787:9781557507709 4783: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4706: 4697: 4690: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4671: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4608: 4607:0-471-71814-9 4604: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4530: 4522: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4506: 4497: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4458: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4419: 4412: 4407: 4399: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4383: 4374: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4335: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4316: 4309: 4303: 4288: 4284: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4243: 4237: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4164:Energy and AI 4161: 4154: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4080: 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Meyer 1131: 1128:, Commander, 1127: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:Lockheed D-21 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1018:Teledyne Ryan 1015: 1011: 1001: 999: 995: 994:Fascist Italy 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 961: 959: 954: 952: 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 920:Kettering Bug 917: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 882: 880: 876: 872: 871: 866: 861: 859: 855: 854: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 819: 814: 806: 799: 795: 790: 784:, 6 June 1941 783: 780: 776: 772: 767: 753: 750: 746: 743: 741:applications. 739: 736: 734:requirements. 732: 729: 725: 722: 718: 715: 714: 713: 708:Power Sources 705: 703: 690: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 656: 655: 653: 652:ParcAberporth 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 618: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 591: 587: 584: 581: 580:Miniature UAV 578: 575: 572: 569: 566: 565: 562: 549: 546: 543: 540: 537: 534: 533: 529: 526: 523: 520: 517: 516: 513: 500: 497: 494: 491: 488: 485: 482: 481: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 462: 459: 458: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 438: 435: 427: 419: 416: 411: 406: 401: 398: 397: 391: 386: 381: 376: 374:(370 m) 371: 368: 367: 361: 356: 353: 350: 345: 342: 341: 337: 334: 331: 328: 325: 322: 321: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 301: 298: 296: 292: 282: 280: 276: 275: 270: 266: 265: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 231: 229: 225: 224: 218: 214: 210: 205: 201: 197: 192: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 153: 145: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 99: 95: 91: 86: 79: 74: 68: 64: 61: 58: 53: 46: 42: 35: 30: 26: 22: 12378:HESA Shafaq 12272: 12191: 12160:Experimental 12125: 12078: 12031: 11933:Experimental 11903: 11863:Experimental 11835:Mikoyan Skat 11826: 11789:Sukhoi Su-57 11779:Mikoyan LMFS 11756:Sukhoi Su-47 11743:Experimental 11702:Hongdu GJ-11 11693: 11661:Chengdu J-20 11537: 11386:Experimental 11305:World War II 11230:South Africa 10836:Experimental 10813:regional jet 10645:Manufacturer 10513:Flying wings 10445: 10194: 10163: 10153:the original 10148: 10133: 10127: 10111: 10086: 10075:the original 10070: 10055: 10054:Axe, David. 10049:Bibliography 10034:. 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The USAF 1085:During the 1076:Vietnam War 1037:Vietnam War 949:enthusiast 720:operations. 588:Large UAVs 530:Large UAVs 489:0.5 – 0.75 148:Terminology 12397:Categories 12286:TAI Anka-3 11075:Bangladesh 10904:Flying car 10869:Tiltrotors 10857:Rotorcraft 10691:Bombardier 10548:Supersonic 9850:28 January 9797:2103.09184 9726:21 January 9657:2104.06219 9631:2103.13933 9548:6 December 9517:6 December 9486:19 January 9269:2171135630 9210:16 October 8916:Landslides 8820:Landslides 8744:(3): 212. 8717:12 January 8656:12 January 8554:12 January 8503:12 January 8147:YouUAV.com 8052:Jane's 360 8032:1 December 8002:4 February 7937:13 October 7927:News Ledge 7724:News Ledge 7353:3 November 7299:13 October 7148:4 February 7111:4 February 7051:4 February 6753:4 February 6723:4 February 6663:6 November 6592:4 February 6531:4 February 6501:3 February 6392:2309.00843 6278:4 February 6095:(4): 641. 6067:4 February 5996:26 October 5540:11 January 5290:9 December 5258:9 December 5159:13 January 4973:25 October 4928:25 October 4824:. p. 4447:26 October 4170:: 100175. 4096:: 103377. 3882:16 January 3852:1 February 3826:3 February 3711:12 October 3600:(3): 604. 3567:(3): 264. 3534:(5): 655. 3462:12 January 3400:11 January 3390:1329422815 3251:References 3146:Quadcopter 3111:Glide bomb 3012:Regulation 2949:Aggression 2923:North Fire 2869:See also: 2854:See also: 2770:landslides 2766:geohazards 2708:See also: 2682:See also: 2402:journalism 2398:filmmaking 2390:Commercial 2365:archeology 2357:Recreation 2291:near-space 1981:aerobatics 1850:narrowband 1633:propellers 1549:(SOC) and 1539:multirotor 1467:Propulsion 1461:Multirotor 1457:quadcopter 1422:Air safety 1400:quadcopter 1361:GlobalData 1270:quadcopter 1052:classified 1029:Model 1001 1025:Beechcraft 990:jet engine 638:, such as 567:Category: 550:> 10 m 518:Category: 461:Range (km) 440:Category: 420:Any speed 417:Any speed 171:and 1930s 94:rotorcraft 63:quadcopter 36:taking off 34:Hermes-450 12299:Indonesia 11684:Xian H-20 11240:Sri Lanka 11150:Indonesia 11070:Australia 11065:Argentina 10881:Executive 10761:Trimotors 10594:Wide-body 10558:Triplanes 10553:Trimotors 10498:Aerobatic 10120:2051-1930 9822:232240581 9814:0957-4174 9753:5 January 9579:6 January 9456:22 August 9404:22 August 9300:jpost.com 9241:3 October 9028:1682-1750 8983:1674-7755 8946:1612-510X 8897:1755-1307 8848:1612-5118 8801:2504-446X 8785:(1): 30. 8760:2504-446X 8707:1607-7938 8646:254938502 8638:1385-2256 8591:265016887 8493:254281346 8485:0960-3115 8387:26 August 8361:10 August 8335:10 August 8242:East Mojo 8116:Bloomberg 8085:1091-2339 7992:0190-8286 7963:28 August 7879:Consortiq 7785:0362-4331 7343:202676119 7289:237865267 7281:0019-1019 7199:DRONELIFE 6955:27 August 6929:8 January 6880:8 January 6836:8 January 6491:0190-8286 6439:8 October 6366:8 October 6241:8 October 6231:209695691 6168:2215-0161 6129:2072-4292 5919:Embention 5838:CiteSeerX 5750:1932-6203 5683:1932-6203 5321:8 January 5225:154927243 5126:8 January 5093:8 January 5067:8 January 4822:MIT Press 4719:U.S. Army 4660:MIT Press 4567:0081-0207 4486:19 August 4363:19 August 4221:Green.org 4202:2666-5468 4120:0968-090X 3741:8 January 3658:queen bee 3505:2504-446X 3452:1866-3516 3256:Citations 3073:society. 3048:Remote ID 3006:Iron Dome 2919:Lake Fire 2816:backfires 2774:landslide 2684:Drone art 2620:Zipline's 2568:micro UAV 2410:surveying 2385:terrorism 2061:Endurance 1906:Remote ID 1861:broadband 1854:telemetry 1815:Open loop 1750:Firmware 1689:real-time 1687:UAVs are 1617:actuators 1611:Actuators 1520:microUAVs 1409:Autopilot 1333:Ingenuity 1316:Ingenuity 1193:STM Kargu 1165:IAI Scout 1033:U.S. Navy 1021:Firebee I 890:A. 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