572:
560:
584:
358:
608:
895:
group encountered problems in transferring their Native Title properties to the next generation. Particularly affected were those with a
Chinese ancestor and a native female ancestor, often retaining Chinese surnames, whose native status was questioned and challenged by the state administration. Consequently, they were deemed ineligible to inherit properties reserved under Native Title. Under these circumstances, the Sino-Native identity faced significant challenges and became a contested issue.
480:
864:, a system of fines for cultural transgressions. These fines, symbolized by animals, vary based on the seriousness of the offense and aim to maintain communal harmony. Regarding death customs, the use of "tuah" clothing denotes respect, with the attire color and type reflecting the relationship and age of the deceased. This attire is worn for one or two months as a gesture of reverence, during which visits to other households are avoided as a sign of respect.
46:
814:, deeply rooted in Sabah's indigenous traditions, pays homage to the region's agrarian heritage and spiritual connection to the land. This festival, also known as Kaamatan among the Kadazan-Dusun-Murut communities, is a time of thanksgiving for the bountiful harvests and blessings bestowed upon the community. Rituals like the Magavau ceremony, showcasing traditional dances such as the
857:, which usually occurs towards the end of March or the beginning of April. This ritual involves cleaning the graves of their ancestors and presenting offerings such as cooked meals, fruits, traditional sweets, apparel, footwear and symbolic paper money to honor their spirits. It's a time when family members and relatives come together to pay respect to their ancestors.
471:. His observations underscored the complex interplay of cultural heritage and identity formation resulting from historical intermarriages. The preservation of Chinese cultural customs among the Sino-Kadazans reflects the ongoing cultural complexities within these communities, offering valuable insights into the diverse cultural tapestry of North Borneo.
891:
non-native local populations, including the
Chinese, were prohibited from purchasing such land. However, the law also stated that the offspring of a mixed marriage between a native and a non-native, such as a Chinese, would be automatically recognized as native, resulting in the categorization of Sino-Native.
444:
characteristics compared to other Dusun communities across North Borneo. Rutter's research underscored the substantial impact of historical intermarriages and ongoing cultural exchanges on the Bundu Dusuns, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of cultural assimilation and hybridization within the region.
807:, Tuhau, Losun and Linopot add a unique and culturally rich element to the celebrations among the Sino community. These dishes, deeply rooted in the native culinary heritage, not only provide a distinctive flavor to the festivities but also serve as a reminder of the community's diverse cultural background.
762:
These changes in the naming system were driven by various socio-political factors and the need for the Sino-Native to negotiate their ethnic identity within the broader
Malaysian context. The evolution of their naming conventions reflects their adaptive strategies in maintaining their unique cultural
758:
The decision to retain or discard
Chinese surnames is influenced by several factors. The historical significance of Chinese surnames, which can trace family ties back to imperial China, often contrasts with their relative detachment from local networks in Sabah. The Sino naming system provides a way
723:
of the Sino people in
Malaysia is a testament to the complex interplay between heritage, identity and socio-political dynamics. It reflects their unique position as a mixed ethnicity with Bumiputera status and their adaptive strategies in maintaining their cultural identity while accessing necessary
702:
The evolving cultural identities of descendants from Sino-Native marriages depict a dynamic assimilation journey. Initially, the grandchildren of such unions tend to recognise their
Chinese heritage, but with time, this connection may fade. This transformation can lead individuals to identify mainly
670:
On the other hand, the Sino community's ability to preserve
Chinese cultural traditions, despite the relatively low to medium population of Chinese individuals in areas like Ranau, Tambunan, Keningau, Tenom, Kota Marudu and Kota Belud, is noteworthy. The Sino community's efforts to maintain cultural
380:
played a pivotal role in facilitating the migration of thousands of
Chinese farmers to Sabah, with the aim of bolstering pepper cultivation for the global market. These Chinese farmers, backed by Bruneian landlords, embarked on establishing pepper plantations along the west coast of Sabah, marking a
881:
Section 3(1) of the Act outlines the process for obtaining a Surat Anak Negeri (Native
Certificate) through application to a native court. These courts have the authority to grant native status to qualifying Sino-native individuals, issuing them the certificate that affirms their native identity in
877:
The legal and indigenous status of Sino-Natives in Sabah is defined in
Section 2 (The Interpretation and Definition of Native) Cap 64 Act, which was introduced in 1952 by the Colonial Administration. According to this act, a Sino-Native is described as "one at least of whose parents or ancestors is
775:
Similar to the Peranakans, who emerged from intermarriages between Chinese and local communities in Southeast Asia, the Sino-Natives have developed their distinct cultural expressions, cuisine, art and traditions. This blend reflects the harmonious coexistence and integration of diverse influences,
727:
The traditional Sino naming convention gives priority to the Chinese surname, a pivotal aspect of their identity, especially considering that most of these unions historically involve Chinese men and indigenous women. This system incorporates both Chinese and native elements, reflecting their dual
706:
In another perspective, the educational system has played a pivotal role in shaping cultural identities among individuals of Sino descent, even for those with distant or minimal Chinese ancestry. Some choose to embrace their Chinese heritage to varying degrees by attending Chinese-medium vernacular
396:
River. His accounts shed light on the expanding role of Chinese settlers in the agricultural activities of the area, highlighting their significant contribution to Sabah's economic development during that era. These historical narratives underscore the enduring legacy of intercultural exchanges and
927:
The recognition of the Sino community in Sabah is an ongoing process that involves legal, political, and societal considerations. Efforts are being made to ensure that individuals of Sino descent are properly acknowledged and categorized within the state's legal and cultural frameworks, reflecting
894:
Because Native Land titles could only be transacted between natives, they were not valued at open market prices and were therefore considered much cheaper. This created an incentive for individuals to be categorised as native to qualify for these benefits. By the 1980s, many categorised under this
771:
The unique cultural blend of the Sino-Native is a product of centuries-old intermarriages between Chinese immigrants and the indigenous peoples of Sabah. This intermingling of traditions, languages, customs and practices has given rise to a rich tapestry of identity within the Sino community. They
710:
Similarly, ethnic Chinese individuals with ancestral connections to indigenous heritage are also can be found in modern-day Sabah. This multifaceted exploration illustrates the complex interplay and evolution of cultural fusion among descendants of Sino-Native unions in the region's diverse social
645:
Many individuals in Sino-Native communities identify predominantly with their native heritage. This is often due to the dominant cultural influence of one of their parents and the local environment in which they were raised. These individuals embrace indigenous customs, language and traditions and
546:
One significant aspect of this recognition has been the issuance of native certificates, which grant individuals the status of being native to Sabah. These certificates are crucial for accessing certain rights and privileges afforded to indigenous communities. However, there have been instances of
890:
Recently, the issue of hybrid communities has become prominent, particularly concerning native rights and land inheritance under Native Title. These land titles, issued by the Lands Office since the Land Ordinance of 1903, were intended to reserve land exclusively for native use. Foreigners and
542:
Despite these recognitions, the status of Sino-Natives as a distinct group has faced ongoing challenges. Legal and administrative measures were established during the British colonial era and after Malaysia's formation to acknowledge and protect the Sino community's rights and cultural heritage
384:
British explorer Dalrymple provided early documentation of this phenomenon, noting in his records that around 50 Chinese individuals from Brunei and the local Dusun community cohabited at the mouth of the Tuaran River on Sabah's western shores. This coexistence and collaboration in agricultural
903:
However, there have been challenges and debates regarding the recognition and classification of the Sino community. One of the contentious issues revolves around the three-generation formula, which limits the status of a Sino KDM (KadazanDusun Murut) to three generations. This formula has been
650:
Chinese names but immersed themselves in Kadazan-Dusun culture. They were recognized for their proficiency in the native Kadazan/Dusun language, particularly the Kadazan dialect spoken widely in their hometowns of Penampang and Papar, alongside their significant contributions to the community.
649:
Several notable figures within the Kadazan society, including the late Datuk Rayner Fong Peng Loi (1908–1991), the late Datuk Richard Emmanuel Yapp, the late Datuk Frederick Jinu Tan (1938–2002) whom are all natives of Penampang and the late Datuk Amadeus Leong from Papar, originally bore full
624:
In Sino-Native communities, self-identification varies significantly among individuals, reflecting a complex interplay of cultural heritage and personal identity. Some individuals strongly identify with their indigenous roots, while others lean towards their Chinese heritage. This variation in
491:
The intermarriage between Kadazans and Chinese in the mid-18th century had far-reaching consequences, eventually leading to the formation of the Sino community as a community with its own cultural identity. This community's emergence was significant enough to gain official recognition from the
916:
to recognise Sino-Natives according to their ethnic background, allowing children of mixed marriages between Chinese and native individuals to be registered with specific ethnic identities such as Sino-Kadazan, Sino-Dusun, Sino-Murut and others. This includes addressing issues related to land
550:
Such challenges have raised concerns about the legitimacy and integrity of the native certificate system. The issue of non-natives obtaining native certificates has led to debates and discussions within the legal and administrative frameworks of Sabah. Efforts have been made to address these
595:
Regions in Sabah with notable populations of ethnic Chinese, Kadazan-Dusun, and Murut communities. While the exact number of individuals of Sino descent is not documented in the recent census, the higher concentrations of Sino heritage can be observed in the overlapping darker shaded areas,
443:
In his extensive study "Pagans of North Borneo," Owen Rutter provided a detailed analysis of how Chinese culture has profoundly influenced the Bundu Dusuns. He meticulously explored the unique Chinese cultural elements embedded within this particular group, emphasizing their distinctive
658:
Conversely, many individuals in Sino-Native communities also feel a stronger connection to their Chinese ancestry. This identification can be influenced by familial ties, particularly when the Chinese heritage is emphasized within the household. These individuals might celebrate
763:
identity while navigating the complexities of their socio-political environment. The mixed ancestry of the Sino-Native has not only influenced their naming system but also permeated other aspects of their lives, resulting in a community that embodies a cultural synthesis.
636:
The extent of this identification can vary, with some individuals feeling equally connected to both their native and Chinese roots. This dual identification allows them to integrate the cultural practices, languages and traditions of both heritages into their daily lives.
678:(1960–2020), a native of Kota Belud with a full-blooded Chinese father and a mixed-blooded mother. Liew was multilingual, aside speaking his native Hakka dialect, he was also fluent in Cantonese, which he learned while serving as a member of parliament in
707:
schools and engaging with Chinese culture. This phenomenon occurs despite their predominantly native ancestry, highlighting the significant influence of education in fostering cultural continuity and adaptation within diverse communities.
833:
with Chinese and indigenous customs, forming a unique identity. During this festive season, families decorate their homes, exchange gifts and engage in church services, mirroring many of the practices of Christian communities worldwide.
459:
from 1949 to 1951. In her study, she dedicated a chapter specifically to the Sino-Natives, delving into their relationship dynamics with the Chinese and exploring the concept of mutual acceptance within these mixed heritage communities.
845:, contributing to the region's cultural diversity. Their participation in Hari Raya festivities reflects the region's inclusive environment, showcasing mutual respect and coexistence among different ethnic and religious groups.
303:
resulting from intermarriages between Chinese and the indigenous peoples of Sabah. This cultural synthesis is evident in various aspects of their lives, including language, cuisine, customs and religious practices.
954:, released on 2 June 2022, explores the unique multicultural aspect of lion dance troupes in Sabah. The movie follows a young Sino-Kadazan boy named JJ who strives to rejuvenate a once-renowned lion dance team in
328:, mostly used by older Sino generations, also highlight this unique identity. These designations emphasize the unique identity of the Sino-Natives, showcasing their distinctiveness from multiple cultural angles.
551:
challenges and ensure that the native certificate system remains fair and just for genuine indigenous communities, including the Sino-Natives, who have a rightful claim to their cultural heritage and identity.
755:, which involves changing their legal ethnicity to native. This change reflects the fluidity of cultural identity and the pragmatic approach of the Sino people in navigating their socio-political environment.
690:, reflecting his upbringing in a multiracial and multilingual background. Additionally, he was fluent in Standard Mandarin, having attended a Chinese-medium primary school, as well as English and the national
331:
While "Sino" commonly refers to denote individuals with mixed Chinese and Kadazan-Dusun or Murut heritage, it is occasionally extended for other biracial Sabahan people that have Chinese ancestry, such as
3004:
436:
or Sino-Dusuns, a community that has retained significant Chinese cultural influences. St. John noted that many of the descendants claimed Chinese ancestry and were proficient in the
376:
The historical practice of intermarriage between Kadazans and Chinese can be traced back to the mid-18th century, specifically between the 1760s and 1790s. During this period, the
671:
practices, languages, and customs ensure that Chinese heritage thrives and remains a visible connection to their ancestry, even within a predominantly indigenous population.
3609:
924:, indicate a commitment to reevaluate the restoration of Sino identity as natives and streamline procedures related to ethnic recognition during registration processes.
1370:
268:
heritage, resulting in a fusion of oriental and local cultures. This blending of traditions has given rise to distinct sub-groups within the Sino community, such as
803:, containing tokens of good fortune, emphasizes the communal spirit and blessings associated with Chinese New Year. Additionally, traditional native dishes such as
772:
embody a synthesis of Chinese heritage with indigenous Sabahan elements, showcasing a vibrant fusion that is both culturally significant and historically profound.
646:
they may participate actively in community rituals and festivals. For them, their native identity is a source of pride and a significant part of their daily lives.
547:
controversy and misuse surrounding the issuance of native certificates, particularly concerning non-natives acquiring these certificates through improper means.
507:
during that period. This prominence prompted significant developments in 1952 when the British government took the step of permitting the Sino community to seek
499:
The Sino population in North Borneo, known today as Sabah, stood out due to its size, surpassing some well-established ethnic groups in the region such as the
912:
Efforts have been made to address these challenges and ensure proper recognition of the Sino community. For instance, there have been discussions within the
344:. However, such extensions are rare and occur infrequently within Sabah's diverse ethnic landscape, underscoring the complexities of identity in the region.
904:
criticized for potentially undermining the rights and identity of individuals of Sino descent, especially considering the continuous lineage of heritage.
409:(Sabah) has given rise to diverse Sino-Native groups. This development illustrates the dynamic cultural exchanges that have shaped the region's identity.
1774:
920:
The government has also shown willingness to review and address the concerns of the Sino community. Statements from government officials, including the
463:
Further insights into these mixed heritage communities were provided by Father A.G. Lampe, who highlighted the presence of Sino-Kadazans in areas like
417:
496:
in 1951, a recognition that encompassed the Sino-Native sub-ethnic group, which by then had grown to a substantial population of 6,468 individuals.
1436:
660:
3132:
1991:
787:, a significant celebration for Sino-Natives, reflects their Chinese heritage through a variety of customs and rituals. The event features
1203:
1108:
3534:
2793:
944:, the song's lyrics express affection for Sino-Kadazan girls and their appeal. As of 2024, the song has garnered over 466,000 views on
392:
In 1776, explorer Thomas Forrest further documented the presence of Chinese-operated pepper plantations, this time at the mouth of the
389:
between the Chinese immigrants and the indigenous Kadazan communities, shaping the demographic and cultural landscape of the region.
3055:
940:, a song released in 2015, gained recognition for its depiction of Sino-Kadazan girls and the cultural richness of Sabah. Sung in
2931:
2595:
1767:
1243:
878:
or was a native." This definition aims to acknowledge the diverse heritage of individuals with Chinese and indigenous ancestry.
728:
heritage. However, the necessity to align with Bumiputera rights has led many Sino individuals to alter their naming practices.
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3163:
3126:
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1220:
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festivities, some Sino households may include indigenous delicacies such as Linopot and sambal Tuhau their traditional menu.
3685:
3085:
2561:
1429:
822:(marinated raw fish) and Tuhau, epitomize the cultural richness and unity inherent in the Harvest Festival celebrations.
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3757:
3353:
3075:
1760:
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The trajectory of recognition and acknowledgment continued even after Malaysia's formation in 1963. Consequently, the
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882:
Sabah. This status grants them access to the protection and privileges afforded to native inhabitants of the region.
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3847:
1160:
913:
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2729:
1721:
1422:
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to access native resources, particularly land resources, which are crucial for their socioeconomic well-being.
3857:
3807:
3742:
3139:
2760:
397:
intermarriages that have profoundly influenced the social fabric and heritage of Sabah's diverse population.
1037:
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1011:
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1008:
571:
3827:
3787:
3680:
3659:
3597:
3592:
3498:
3493:
3300:
3016:
2952:
2921:
2900:
2890:
3832:
3614:
3604:
3587:
3566:
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3382:
3237:
2982:
2957:
2926:
2874:
2869:
2838:
2823:
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1137:
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1133:
1131:
3705:
3700:
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3529:
3524:
3316:
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3011:
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2905:
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2679:
1881:
1741:
792:
687:
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as "Bàn táng fān" (半唐番, which translates to "half Chinese and half Native"). Similarly, terms like
1168:
1128:
739:
In response to limitations imposed on their rights by authorities, many Sino have discarded their
559:
3664:
3654:
3295:
3290:
3217:
2895:
2859:
2833:
2828:
2654:
2600:
1901:
1250:""A Hybrid Community in East Malaysia: The Sino-Kadazans of Sabah and their Search for Identity""
921:
703:
as Kadazan-Dusuns or Muruts, despite having multiple Chinese ancestors in their family history.
523:
452:
296:
583:
3752:
3519:
2999:
2864:
2745:
1981:
1856:
1731:
1445:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
175:
1249:
3812:
3730:
2714:
2704:
2233:
1851:
1836:
1803:
1726:
1464:
1455:
980:
744:
531:
527:
184:
2694:
1189:
3416:
2719:
2699:
2664:
1871:
1818:
1706:
664:
106:
2988:
8:
3779:
3725:
3338:
3242:
3186:
3157:
3150:
3116:
3109:
2735:
2684:
1966:
1886:
1736:
1339:
830:
1387:
748:
252:, represent a population with a diverse background resulting from marriages between the
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3450:
3232:
3212:
3207:
3080:
2585:
2580:
2570:
1846:
1294:
1043:
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Certain families within the Sino-Native community engage in grave worship, also called
626:
357:
313:
265:
128:
122:
1169:"Penganutan Agama Islam dan Kristian dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Kadazan Dusun di Sabah"
381:
significant economic and cultural exchange between the Chinese and local communities.
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3326:
3321:
3227:
3144:
3103:
3070:
3037:
2755:
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2520:
2471:
2453:
2181:
2018:
1949:
1701:
1143:
377:
253:
228:
142:
138:
101:
87:
59:
432:. These migrants intermarried with native families, leading to the emergence of the
3767:
3762:
3747:
3404:
3222:
3065:
3060:
2994:
2802:
2610:
2605:
2490:
2263:
2166:
2003:
1924:
1813:
1669:
1659:
1572:
1257:
804:
799:, all of which highlight the cultural importance of the festivity. The exchange of
784:
519:
484:
413:
91:
2409:
1557:
607:
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3455:
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2442:
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1976:
1934:
1891:
1866:
1711:
1639:
1634:
1597:
1577:
1540:
1371:"In Hakka song for Sino-Kadazan girls, a Johorean's paean to multicultural Sabah"
740:
691:
429:
341:
337:
285:
165:
3465:
1317:
1315:
1313:
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In a broader context, the intertwining of Chinese and indigenous communities in
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3050:
2505:
2448:
2348:
2313:
2283:
2238:
2211:
2176:
2087:
2008:
1986:
1861:
1841:
1521:
1486:
796:
683:
675:
448:
95:
3460:
2644:
1076:
58:(Statewide, notably in the western coastal regions and areas with substantial
3801:
3387:
3095:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2414:
2399:
2367:
2308:
2288:
2243:
2221:
2171:
2097:
2080:
1971:
1939:
1876:
1649:
1605:
1589:
1567:
1481:
1310:
955:
941:
504:
500:
300:
218:
169:
110:
63:
1752:
667:
and engage in cultural practices passed down from their Chinese ancestors.
3433:
2495:
2485:
2382:
2377:
2333:
2318:
2253:
2201:
2156:
2144:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2092:
2060:
1996:
1919:
1676:
1664:
1552:
1530:
1506:
1491:
1261:
1116:
Persatuan Sino Kadazandusun Murut Sabah dan Lembaga Kebudayaan Negeri Sabah
1044:"The Naming Systems of the Half Chinese and Half Native in Sabah, Malaysia"
800:
720:
493:
433:
406:
370:
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223:
161:
67:
1070:
1068:
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1064:
1062:
479:
2268:
2216:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2013:
1960:
1681:
1414:
842:
829:
majority Sino-Natives adds colours to their cultural heritage. It merges
468:
362:
195:
190:
132:
837:
Additionally, Sabah's cultural landscape includes a smaller Sino-Native
625:
self-identification is influenced by factors such as family traditions,
3443:
3426:
3397:
3370:
3348:
2536:
2428:
2404:
2372:
2248:
2070:
2045:
2032:
1793:
1584:
1547:
1144:""Makna Pesta Qing Ming dalam budaya masyarakat Sino di Ranau, Sabah.""
1059:
959:
788:
630:
612:
596:
suggesting a correlation with intermarriages within these demographics.
508:
333:
257:
200:
1288:
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2258:
2228:
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456:
292:
233:
114:
3438:
2771:
2338:
1511:
1273:
990:
854:
811:
679:
515:
447:
In a more contemporary context, Monica Glyn-Jones, a well-regarded
51:
412:
The earliest documented mention of the Sino-Natives dates back to
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2134:
1896:
1654:
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995:
945:
815:
437:
393:
386:
118:
2624:
2387:
2323:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2104:
1535:
1496:
1204:"DAP regrets inaction on proper identification of Sino-natives"
885:
838:
819:
474:
421:
420:
at that time, chronicled the migration of Chinese traders from
180:
72:
860:
Some Sino families also adheres to indigenous customs such as
440:, showcasing the cultural fusion resulting from these unions.
385:
endeavors laid the foundation for subsequent interactions and
2328:
2300:
2151:
1956:
1944:
1929:
1629:
1501:
867:
848:
776:
contributing to the multicultural fabric of Sabah's society.
464:
425:
261:
55:
16:
Chinese-indigenous descended ethnic group of Sabah, Malaysia
1347:"Keunikan sambutan Tahun Baru Cina masyarakat Sino Kadazan"
1395:"Sabahan Michelle Xin unveils new movie, The Rise of Lion"
917:
ownership, identity registration and access to education.
928:
the diverse and rich heritage of the Sabahan population.
455:, conducted an in-depth study on the Dusun community of
1074:
1292:
818:, and the communal feasting on local delicacies like
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
872:
779:
1247:
1041:
3799:
1323:"Formula tiga generasi gugat hak keturunan Sino"
1092:
1166:
2787:
1782:
1768:
1430:
416:account in 1862. St. John, who served as the
886:Native title and land inheritance challenges
537:
475:From intermarriages into a biracial identity
400:
898:
352:
2794:
2780:
1775:
1761:
1444:
1437:
1423:
1077:"Identifying as a Sino-native in Malaysia"
962:with indigenous Sabahan elements like the
907:
868:Recognition of the Sino community in Sabah
849:Ancestral customs and indigenous practices
284:. each reflecting a unique combination of
3371:Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese
1141:
731:
2619:
2529:
606:
478:
356:
307:
3782:of France in the western Indian Ocean.
825:The celebration of Christmas among the
697:
3800:
1295:"Ancestors, parents and native status"
674:A prominent example is the late Datuk
619:
2775:
1756:
1418:
1075:Esther Sinirisan Chong (2018-03-04),
931:
534:, a term denoting indigenous people.
312:The term "Sino" is often rendered in
2801:
1293:Tan Sri Herman Luping (2010-12-05),
795:symbolising luck and prosperity and
38:Regions with significant populations
1048:Journal of History and Anthropology
653:
543:within Sabah's diverse population.
299:, the Sino-Natives embody a unique
13:
1256:, vol. 84, pp. 107–127,
640:
264:. They are distinguished by their
14:
3869:
873:Legal recognition and definition
780:Major festivals and celebrations
714:
582:
570:
558:
44:
1148:Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
511:status through native courts.
248:, often referred to simply as
1:
1167:Suraya Sintang (2003-12-31),
1001:
751:practice is locally known as
3853:Subgroups of the Han Chinese
3843:Peranakan people in Malaysia
3823:Chinese diaspora in Malaysia
2927:Democratic Republic of Congo
2441:Peranakan Eropah (including
831:Western religious traditions
7:
1248:Danny Wong Tze Ken (2012),
1042:Bernard Jia Han Ng (2021),
974:
602:
288:and indigenous influences.
10:
3874:
1142:Jurry Foo (January 2018),
841:community that celebrates
766:
611:Jing Fu Chinese Temple in
347:
3838:Ethnic groups in Malaysia
3776:
3718:
3673:
3647:
3580:
3554:
3547:
3512:
3481:
3309:
3283:
3262:
3255:
3200:
3174:
3094:
3036:
3029:
2940:
2914:
2883:
2847:
2816:
2809:
2653:
2635:
2555:
2470:
2427:
2299:
2192:
2044:
2031:
1910:
1827:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1784:Ethnic groups in Malaysia
1694:
1622:
1472:
1463:
1452:
538:Challenges and protection
401:Emergence of Sino-Natives
214:
209:
157:
152:
83:
78:
42:
37:
1857:Negeri Sembilanese Malay
899:Three-generation formula
418:British Consul to Brunei
353:Historical Intermarriage
3848:Immigration to Malaysia
1925:Christmas Island Malays
958:, blending traditional
922:Chief Minister of Sabah
908:Efforts for recognition
518:government categorised
297:Maritime Southeast Asia
3818:Ethnic groups in Sabah
1446:Ethnic groups in Sabah
1353:(in Malay), 2023-01-25
1329:(in Malay), 2018-04-16
1262:10.3406/arch.2012.4364
616:
488:
373:
31:Peranakan Cina (Sabah)
1081:The Malaysian Insight
981:Demographics of Sabah
610:
482:
360:
308:Cultural nomenclature
210:Related ethnic groups
185:Chinese folk religion
3858:Austronesian peoples
3808:Kadazan-Dusun people
3535:United Arab Emirates
3427:Straits-Born Chinese
2695:China/Taiwan Chinese
1351:Wartawan Nabalu News
1327:Utusan Borneo Online
914:Sabah State Assembly
698:General assimilation
453:Cambridge University
280:and to some extent,
3780:overseas department
3086:Trinidad and Tobago
2655:Foreign ethnicities
2038:Indigenous peoples)
1109:"Etnik Sino-Native"
938:I Love Sino Kadazan
620:Self-identification
34:
3788:Hong Kong Diaspora
3056:Dominican Republic
2596:Indians in Sarawak
1887:Terengganuan Malay
960:Chinese lion dance
932:In popular culture
743:to preserve their
692:Malaysian language
627:social environment
617:
494:British government
489:
414:Spenser St. John's
374:
326:Peranakan Tionghua
314:Malaysian Mandarin
291:Analogus to other
266:mixed genealogical
22:
3828:Sub-ethnic groups
3795:
3794:
3734:
3714:
3713:
3633:
3543:
3542:
3422:Chinese nationals
3349:Peranakan Chinese
3251:
3250:
3164:by city and state
3160:
3153:
3119:
3112:
3025:
3024:
2932:Republic of Congo
2769:
2768:
2631:
2630:
2551:
2550:
2521:Penangite Chinese
2466:
2465:
2423:
2422:
2027:
2026:
1882:Selangorian Malay
1847:Kelantanese Malay
1750:
1749:
1717:Malaysian Indians
1702:Malaysian Chinese
1690:
1689:
661:Chinese festivals
522:, the natives of
242:
241:
229:Malaysian Chinese
176:Mahāyāna Buddhism
139:Malaysian English
88:Dusunic languages
3865:
3833:Chinese diaspora
3758:Papua New Guinea
3728:
3629:
3552:
3551:
3260:
3259:
3156:
3149:
3123:British Columbia
3115:
3108:
3034:
3033:
2814:
2813:
2803:Overseas Chinese
2796:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2625:Peranakan Chitty
2617:
2616:
2591:Indians in Sabah
2576:Penangite Indian
2527:
2526:
2042:
2041:
1902:Sarawakian Malay
1825:
1824:
1810:
1809:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1670:Peninsula Malays
1470:
1469:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1290:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1245:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1173:Jurnal Usuluddin
1164:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1139:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1105:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1072:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1039:
952:The Rise of Lion
812:Harvest Festival
810:Meanwhhile, the
785:Chinese New Year
741:Chinese surnames
665:Chinese dialects
654:Chinese identity
586:
574:
562:
530:collectively as
485:Chinese New Year
378:Brunei Sultanate
107:Chinese dialects
50:
48:
47:
35:
33:
21:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3772:
3710:
3669:
3643:
3576:
3539:
3508:
3477:
3354:Bangka-Belitung
3344:Benteng Chinese
3305:
3279:
3247:
3196:
3170:
3090:
3021:
2936:
2910:
2879:
2843:
2805:
2800:
2770:
2765:
2656:
2649:
2638:(non-Peranakan)
2637:
2627:
2615:
2559:
2547:
2525:
2474:
2462:
2459:Peranakan Turki
2419:
2295:
2188:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2023:
1906:
1862:Penangite Malay
1816:
1797:
1786:
1781:
1751:
1746:
1712:Arab Malaysians
1686:
1618:
1578:Bruneian Malays
1474:
1459:
1448:
1443:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1311:
1303:
1301:
1291:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1246:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1208:The Borneo Post
1202:
1201:
1190:
1182:
1180:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1073:
1060:
1052:
1050:
1040:
1009:
1004:
977:
934:
910:
901:
888:
875:
870:
851:
797:family reunions
793:red decorations
782:
769:
737:
717:
700:
656:
643:
641:Native identity
622:
605:
600:
599:
598:
597:
592:
591:
590:
587:
579:
578:
575:
567:
566:
563:
540:
477:
438:Hokkien dialect
430:Klias Peninsula
403:
355:
350:
310:
238:
205:
148:
143:Sabahan English
71:
54:
45:
43:
29:
27:
26:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3871:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3793:
3792:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3731:from Hong Kong
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Czech Republic
3683:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3631:from Hong Kong
3625:United Kingdom
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3151:from Hong Kong
3142:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3120:
3113:
3110:from Hong Kong
3100:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2636:Mixed ancestry
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2537:Peranakan Cina
2533:
2531:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2454:Peranakan Siam
2451:
2449:Jawi Peranakan
2446:
2439:
2437:Peranakan Arab
2433:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2316:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2063:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Burmese Malays
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1892:Bruneian Malay
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Perlisan Malay
1869:
1867:Perakian Malay
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:Malaccan Malay
1849:
1844:
1839:
1837:Johorean Malay
1833:
1831:
1822:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1695:Non-Bumiputera
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1594:Molbog/Balabak
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1489:
1478:
1476:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1386:
1362:
1338:
1309:
1272:
1219:
1188:
1159:
1127:
1091:
1058:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
976:
973:
972:
971:
949:
933:
930:
909:
906:
900:
897:
887:
884:
874:
871:
869:
866:
850:
847:
781:
778:
768:
765:
749:indigenisation
736:
730:
716:
713:
699:
696:
676:Liew Vui Keong
655:
652:
642:
639:
621:
618:
604:
601:
594:
593:
588:
581:
580:
576:
569:
568:
564:
557:
556:
555:
554:
553:
539:
536:
476:
473:
449:anthropologist
402:
399:
387:intermarriages
354:
351:
349:
346:
322:Peranakan Cina
309:
306:
301:cultural blend
256:community and
240:
239:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
215:
212:
211:
207:
206:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
178:
173:
166:Roman Catholic
158:
155:
154:
150:
149:
147:
146:
136:
126:
104:
99:
84:
81:
80:
76:
75:
40:
39:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3870:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:United States
3143:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:East Timorese
2698:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2541:
2539:(Baba-Nyonya)
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:Kadazan-Dusun
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:Orang Seletar
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Patani Malays
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Kedahan Malay
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:Kadazan-Dusun
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:(Anak Negeri)
1471:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1300:
1299:Daily Express
1296:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:Kota Kinabalu
953:
950:
947:
943:
939:
936:
935:
929:
925:
923:
918:
915:
905:
896:
892:
883:
879:
865:
863:
858:
856:
846:
844:
840:
835:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
801:red envelopes
798:
794:
790:
786:
777:
773:
764:
760:
756:
754:
753:"Buang Siang"
750:
747:status. This
746:
742:
734:
729:
725:
722:
721:naming system
715:Naming system
712:
708:
704:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
666:
662:
651:
647:
638:
634:
632:
629:and personal
628:
614:
609:
585:
577:Kadazan-Dusun
573:
561:
552:
548:
544:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
486:
481:
472:
470:
466:
461:
458:
454:
450:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
398:
395:
390:
388:
382:
379:
372:
368:
364:
359:
345:
343:
339:
335:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
305:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
219:Kadazan-Dusun
217:
216:
213:
208:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
186:
182:
179:
177:
174:
171:
167:
163:
160:
159:
156:
151:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
86:
85:
82:
77:
74:
69:
65:
64:Kadazan-Dusun
61:
57:
53:
41:
36:
32:
25:
3813:Murut people
3783:
3375:
3005:Johannesburg
3000:South Africa
2987:
2751:Singaporeans
2657:/expatriates
2542:
2383:Orang Sungai
1920:Cocos Malays
1911:
1877:Pahang Malay
1828:
1802:
1792:
1665:Cocos Malays
1644:
1531:Orang Sungai
1454:
1403:, retrieved
1401:, 2022-05-17
1398:
1389:
1379:, retrieved
1377:, 2015-05-22
1374:
1365:
1355:, retrieved
1350:
1341:
1331:, retrieved
1326:
1302:, retrieved
1298:
1265:, retrieved
1253:
1212:, retrieved
1210:, 2014-11-25
1207:
1181:, retrieved
1176:
1175:(in Malay),
1172:
1162:
1152:, retrieved
1147:
1120:, retrieved
1115:
1084:, retrieved
1080:
1051:, retrieved
1047:
968:Kulintanggan
951:
937:
926:
919:
911:
902:
893:
889:
880:
876:
861:
859:
852:
836:
824:
809:
783:
774:
770:
761:
757:
752:
738:
732:
726:
718:
709:
705:
701:
673:
669:
657:
648:
644:
635:
623:
549:
545:
541:
513:
498:
490:
462:
446:
442:
411:
407:North Borneo
404:
391:
383:
375:
371:North Borneo
367:Kinabatangan
363:Chinese junk
330:
325:
321:
317:
311:
290:
281:
277:
273:
270:Sino-Kadazan
269:
249:
245:
243:
162:Christianity
70:populations)
30:
23:
19:Ethnic group
3753:New Zealand
3620:Netherlands
3444:Phuket Baba
3405:Philippines
3376:Sino-Native
3158:from Taiwan
3117:from Taiwan
3076:Puerto Rico
2680:Bangladeshi
2543:Sino-Native
2076:Orang Kuala
2066:Orang Kanaq
2056:Proto-Malay
1982:Minangkabau
1961:Bugis-Malay
1912:Anak Dagang
1722:Indonesians
1645:Sino-Native
1254:Archipel 84
789:Lion dances
733:Buang Siang
724:resources.
631:experiences
615:, Penampang
469:Kuala Penyu
451:trained at
282:Sino-Rungus
246:Sino-Native
196:Momolianism
191:Sunni Islam
133:Sabah Malay
24:Sino-Native
3802:Categories
3489:Bangladesh
3456:Minh Hương
3334:East Timor
3275:Kyrgyzstan
3270:Kazakhstan
3182:Costa Rica
2995:Seychelles
2978:Mozambique
2963:Madagascar
2855:Cape Verde
2761:Vietnamese
2715:Indonesian
2601:Sri Lankan
2405:Sama-Bajau
2373:Lun Bawang
2249:Lun Bawang
2182:Semaq Beri
2071:Orang Laut
2046:Peninsular
2033:Orang Asal
1950:Mandailing
1804:Bumiputera
1794:Malaysians
1732:Pakistanis
1623:Non-native
1585:Lun Bawang
1548:Sama-Bajau
1465:Bumiputera
1405:2024-06-05
1399:Yahoo News
1381:2024-06-05
1375:Malay Mail
1357:2024-06-03
1333:2024-06-03
1304:2024-06-03
1267:2024-06-03
1214:2024-06-03
1183:2024-06-05
1154:2024-06-03
1150:(in Malay)
1122:2024-06-03
1086:2024-06-03
1053:2024-06-03
1002:References
966:dance and
745:Bumiputera
735:phenomenon
613:Donggongon
532:Bumiputera
509:indigenous
293:Peranakans
278:Sino-Murut
274:Sino-Dusun
260:people in
258:indigenous
201:Irreligion
170:Protestant
3726:Australia
3504:Sri Lanka
3417:Singapore
3339:Indonesia
3310:Southeast
3243:Venezuela
3208:Argentina
3187:Nicaragua
3127:Vancouver
3038:Caribbean
2973:Mauritius
2746:Pakistani
2645:Chindians
2620:Peranakan
2530:Peranakan
2501:Hainanese
2491:Cantonese
2456:(Sam-Sam)
2429:Peranakan
2334:Mangka'ak
2229:Orang Ulu
2167:Cheq Wong
2004:Sundanese
1972:Baweanese
1940:Banjarese
1829:Anak Jati
1727:Filipinos
1650:Banjarese
1507:Mangka'ak
986:Peranakan
964:Magunatip
843:Hari Raya
827:Christian
805:Bambangan
516:Malaysian
457:Penampang
340:and Sino-
318:Peranakan
234:Peranakan
129:Malaysian
115:Cantonese
79:Languages
3784:See also
3681:Bulgaria
3660:Portugal
3648:Southern
3555:Northern
3499:Pakistan
3439:Chin Haw
3434:Thailand
3366:Malaysia
3322:Cambodia
3301:Mongolia
3233:Suriname
3081:Suriname
3030:Americas
3017:Zimbabwe
2953:Botswana
2941:Southern
2922:Cameroon
2901:Tanzania
2891:Ethiopia
2732:(former)
2725:Japanese
2705:Filipino
2689:Rohingya
2674:Hadhrami
2586:Malayali
2571:Gujarati
2443:Kristang
2393:Tambanuo
2339:Maragang
2162:Mah Meri
2048:Malaysia
1977:Makassar
1967:Javanese
1935:Acehnese
1742:Bengalis
1707:Timorese
1640:Butonese
1635:Javanese
1602:Bulungan
1541:Tambanuo
1512:Maragang
991:Chindian
975:See also
855:Qingming
711:fabric.
680:Sandakan
663:, speak
603:Identity
428:and the
164:(Mainly
153:Religion
123:Mandarin
109:(Mainly
90:(Mainly
52:Malaysia
3719:Oceania
3691:Romania
3674:Eastern
3615:Ireland
3610:Hungary
3605:Germany
3588:Belgium
3581:Western
3567:Finland
3562:Denmark
3471:San Diu
3451:Vietnam
3410:Sangley
3393:Panthay
3383:Myanmar
3327:Hokkien
3263:Central
3238:Uruguay
3175:Central
3133:Toronto
3071:Jamaica
2989:Réunion
2983:Namibia
2958:Lesotho
2915:Central
2875:Senegal
2870:Nigeria
2839:Morocco
2824:Algeria
2720:Iranian
2685:Burmese
2665:African
2581:Punjabi
2516:Henghua
2511:Foochow
2506:Teochew
2486:Hokkien
2472:Chinese
2368:Illanun
2349:Rumanau
2344:Minokok
2314:Kadazan
2284:Melanau
2275:Others
2239:Kelabit
2212:Bukitan
2207:Bidayuh
2194:Sarawak
2177:Jah Hut
2135:Mendriq
2088:Semelai
2019:Siamese
1987:Kerinci
1897:Kedayan
1655:Bidayuh
1611:Kedayan
1522:Rumanau
1517:Minokok
1487:Kadazan
1456:Sabahan
1179:: 59–80
996:Sangley
946:YouTube
816:Sumazau
767:Culture
565:Chinese
524:Sarawak
483:During
434:Tatanas
394:Putatan
348:History
336:, Sino-
286:Chinese
254:Chinese
119:Hokkien
92:Kadazan
60:Chinese
3743:Hawaii
3706:Turkey
3701:Serbia
3696:Russia
3637:London
3593:France
3572:Sweden
3548:Europe
3530:Turkey
3525:Israel
3388:Kokang
3317:Brunei
3223:Guyana
3213:Brazil
3192:Panama
3140:Mexico
3104:Canada
3061:Guyana
3046:Belize
3012:Zambia
2968:Malawi
2948:Angola
2906:Uganda
2810:Africa
2741:Nepali
2736:Korean
2730:Jewish
2710:Indian
2611:Telugu
2557:Indian
2415:Tidong
2400:Rungus
2388:Dumpas
2363:Ida'an
2358:Bisaya
2324:Kwijau
2289:Miriek
2279:Bisaya
2264:Sa'ban
2244:Kenyah
2222:Selako
2172:Temiar
2140:Mintil
2130:Kintaq
2125:Kensiu
2105:Semang
2098:Temuan
2036:(Other
1615:Subpan
1606:Iranun
1598:Bisaya
1590:Rungus
1568:Tidung
1563:Ida'an
1536:Dumpas
1497:Kwijau
1473:Native
1118:, 2021
839:Muslim
820:Hinava
520:Malays
505:Tidong
501:Iranun
422:Labuan
342:Bisaya
338:Brunei
181:Taoism
73:Labuan
49:
3768:Tonga
3763:Samoa
3748:Palau
3665:Spain
3655:Italy
3598:Paris
3494:India
3482:South
3398:Pashu
3296:Korea
3291:Japan
3218:Chile
3201:South
3096:North
3066:Haiti
2896:Kenya
2860:Ghana
2834:Libya
2829:Egypt
2817:North
2606:Tamil
2496:Hakka
2410:Suluk
2378:Murut
2329:Lotud
2319:Dusun
2301:Sabah
2259:Punan
2254:Penan
2234:Kayan
2202:Dayak
2157:Semai
2152:Senoi
2120:Jahai
2115:Lanoh
2110:Batek
2093:Temoq
2061:Jakun
1957:Bugis
1945:Batak
1930:Chams
1814:Malay
1737:Sikhs
1677:Dayak
1660:Malay
1630:Bugis
1573:Malay
1558:Suluk
1553:Murut
1502:Lotud
1492:Dusun
1112:(PDF)
970:gong.
942:Hakka
862:Sogit
688:Bajau
684:Dusun
589:Murut
528:Sabah
465:Klias
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334:Bajau
332:Sino-
262:Sabah
224:Murut
111:Hakka
102:Murut
96:Dusun
68:Murut
56:Sabah
3738:Fiji
3520:Iran
3513:West
3466:Nùng
3461:Ngái
3361:Laos
3284:East
3256:Asia
3228:Peru
3051:Cuba
2884:East
2865:Mali
2848:West
2756:Thai
2670:Arab
2562:list
2477:list
2269:Ukit
2217:Iban
1997:Rawa
1819:list
1682:Iban
719:The
686:and
526:and
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66:and
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295:of
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