631:
548:
224:
46:
31:
738:
Tambunan had been removed and the skulls transferred to the Sabah Museum. Another site at
Sogindai, Ranau was previously being used as a Guritom. The Guritom Phase came about as a result of the absence of the Law and as an attempt at presenting visual warning to any party deviating from the norm in relationship among the descendants of the Nunuk Ragang settlers.
691:
Momolianism began as a belief system to guide the early small community of settlers life interactions with the highly forested natural environment of Nunuk Ragang. As the environment changed due to human exploitation the belief system also underwent changes to accommodate to new reality of community
496:, a human maiden daughter of Kinoringan and his wife Sumunundu, allowed herself to be sacrificed. Her body parts then dispersed over the earth to later sprout as food plants, saving the people. As a result, Huminodun's sacrifice is celebrated in the Tadau Kaamatan or Harvest Festival each year.
704:
at site and over exploitation of the forest resources at Nunuk Ragang led to the introduction of the
Minorit (tiny spiritual beings) concept so as to spur migration and dispersal. The Bobolians' advice to the Nunuk Ragang warrior leadership(s) to initiate the abandonment of Nunuk Ragang was fully
322:(human) world are always trying to communicate with each other. To facilitate communication, the bobolian was created The bobolian is a woman with special gifts and abilities that allow her to communicate with their counterparts in the spirit world. These spirit world counterparts are called the
737:
of skulls at
Sunsuron. This phase developed in tandem with the advent of the headhunting phase among the Kadazan-Dusun. At Nunuk Ragang the Kadazan-Dusun families, being small community, were at peace with one another and the Guritom was non-existent. The Guritom (house of skulls) at Sunsuron,
713:
After the introduction of paddy planting, the community was subjected to another major crisis involving severe crop failure and consequent famine. This led to the introduction of concept of worship of
Kinorohingan and Huminodun (Traditional Tadau Kaamatan festival). This phase of evolution of
705:
complied with by the people leading to the migration up the Liwagu
Kogibangan (left fork) and the Liwagu Kowananan (right fork) rivers. This point to the strong influence of Momolianism in ensuring continued existence and population growth of the Kadazan-Dusun people.
360:
A susukuon can also contact ordinary people through their senses: hearing, sight, smell, touch and taste. For example, a person walking on the road might be warned by a susukuon of impending danger. This warning could take the form of a call of the
156:
Momolianism states that land is a gift from the creator, the earth is a centre of the universe and that the land connects them to the past, present and future. This system of belief, inherited from their ancestors, was passed down through the
714:
Momolianism could not have happened at Nunuk Ragang. The Nunuk Ragang inhabitants were not wet paddy planters, but practice vegeculture, i.e. cultivating and propagating the yams, sweet potato and cassava using suckers and cuttings. The
831:
Berinai, Judy (2013). Liturgical
Inculturation in Anglican Worship in Light of the Spirituality of the Indigenous people of Sabah). Oxford: Oxford Centre for Mission Studies. Touches on Kadazandusun religion where
289:
Momolianism generally believes that deities
Kinoingan and Sumundu have their complementary roles in the creation of the world and all its contents. However, according to Tan Sri Herman Luping, the name of the
612:
The process of healing in
Momolianism is referred to as "manampasi". It is somewhat akin to salvation, only that it involves a process of ritual negotiation with susukuon " so as to temporarily reject the
841:
Low, Kok On; Lee, Yok Fee (2012). "Investigating the
Relationship between Kadazandusun Beliefs about Paddy Spirits, Riddling in Harvest-time and Paddy-Related Sundait". MALIM: Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia
746:
The coming of
European influence had a major impact on Momolianism. The largely tolerant Catholic religion, allowed for dual practice of Momolianism and Christian Faith to exist side by side.
515:, or hide), to prevent foreign spirit invasion. The spirit of the deceased (referred to as "koduduo" or "your second") is sent away from the coffin by vigorously hitting of the floor.
838:
Gidah, Mary Ellen (2001). Archetypes in the Cosmogenic Myths of the Australian Aboriginal People and the Kadazandusuns of Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
34:
Momolian priests and priestesses together with guardians of the sacred mountain pose at “International Sacred Mountain Guardian Summit Commemorative Accord Stone" in November 2015
206:). Followers believed that it was very important to ensure continuity of the balance and order between the natural and spirit environment. Some scholars would equate this to
504:
In Momolianism, the dead pass on to another realm of life. They move to the new home Nabahu or Akinabalu (from the word "aki" meaning "old man"), later officially named
718:
ethnic group were the first Kadazan-Dusun to acquire the skill of wet paddy planting. Hence their name "Rumanau" which means "one who cultivate wet paddy".
424:
Momolianism states that bad things will happen to the community if they fail to punish an offender. Kinorohingan will instead punish everyone with
652:
569:
245:
63:
110:
467:) are offered to the spirits as a symbol of peace. For example, a man clears a plot of land without first asking a bobolian to perform the
349:
has to first provide the spirit with gifts. These gifts include prepared foods (boiled chicken flesh and egg) and drink (fermented sweet
82:
89:
96:
845:
Phelan, Peter R. (2001). Head-Hunting and the Magang Ceremony in Sabah (Borneo). Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications.
530:
or switching off lights so as not to scare off the koduduo. The Kadazan people's role in this ceremony is to ensure that the
198:
Central to Momolianism is the belief that the Kadazan-Dusun live in an environment consisting of the "seen material world" (
835:
Evans, Ivor Hugh Norman (1953). The Religion of the Tempasuk Dusuns of North Borneo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
471:, to "ask permission" from the woods spirit. To regain favor with the spirit world and the community, he must offer Sogit.
78:
881:
871:
678:
595:
271:
129:
660:
577:
253:
326:
or "reference spirit being". The ability for bobolians and susukuon to communicate with each other is described as
377:) sitting in the middle of the road. Thus warned, the person would turn around and go back. This practice called
656:
573:
249:
67:
866:
861:
183:
Momolianism has its origin in the first ancestors' interaction with the natural and spiritual environment at
103:
17:
764:
876:
641:
558:
485:
Momolianism describes a salvation experience that ensured the survival of the Kadazan-Dusun race.
234:
803:
645:
562:
238:
56:
436:
307:
303:
526:
to reenter the earthly home and"retrieve any forgotten belongings". This ceremony includes
8:
191:. This belief system was an integral part of the Kadazan-Dusun life before the advent of
192:
765:"Biodiversity in Malaysia" in the book The Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment
476:
A major offense would require exile or being tied in a raft set adrift in the river.
464:
848:
Rutter, Owen (1929). The Pagans of North Borneo. London: Hutchinson & Co, Ltd.
608:
Momolianism is closely tied to traditional healing because all the Bobolians are
374:
715:
701:
505:
164:
855:
804:"The Kinoingan question | Daily Express Online - Sabah's Leading News Portal"
429:
188:
146:
184:
172:
334:(in possession of spiritual power). When the community faces crisis, the
778:
609:
414:
393:
world was created by Kinorohingan (god), the mighty spirit that lives in
291:
734:
366:
511:
The remains should be buried as soon as possible (also referred to as
493:
425:
159:
630:
547:
223:
45:
30:
207:
443:) will punish the wrongdoer. The chief first consults with the
518:
On the seventh day after burial, the family holds a ceremonial
489:
354:
350:
150:
318:
In momolianism, the inhabitants of the spirit world and the
488:
In that event, the people were facing extinction due to
338:
provides it with spiritual guidance from the susukuon..
726:
Worship of Jars began among the Tuaran Kadazan-Dusuns.
313:
310:
to exist alongside his female counterpart Suminundu.
397:(heaven). Kinorohingan expects people to follow the
447:(spirit form-messenger of Kinorohingan), using the
417:). These are violations of the balance between the
70:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
853:
455:A minor offense would require performance of a
306:missionaries. To him, Kinoingan refers to the
409:(marriage between family members), adultery,
659:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
620:
576:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
252:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
679:Learn how and when to remove this message
596:Learn how and when to remove this message
272:Learn how and when to remove this message
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
29:
27:Belief systems of Sabahan native peoples
384:
14:
854:
537:
187:, the legendary ancestral home of the
657:adding citations to reliable sources
624:
574:adding citations to reliable sources
541:
522:("to invite home") to allow for the
314:Communications with the spirit world
250:adding citations to reliable sources
217:
68:adding citations to reliable sources
39:
341:To initiate communication with the
24:
825:
25:
893:
405:(customs) and avoid sins such as
202:) and the "unseen spirit world" (
768:. New York: Routledge. p.180-185
629:
546:
439:, the village/clan/tribe chief (
302:in this sense was introduced by
222:
44:
213:
79:"Traditional Sabahan religions"
55:needs additional citations for
796:
771:
756:
700:The need to evade a crisis of
13:
1:
749:
389:According to momolianism the
617:s (spirit) entry to Nabahu.
480:
7:
499:
413:(killing other people with
10:
898:
284:
145:is a belief system of the
882:Austronesian spirituality
178:
872:Ethnic religions in Asia
621:Evolution of Momolianism
428:, natural disasters and
808:www.dailyexpress.com.my
762:Segunda, Patrick (2004)
709:Paddy Cultivation Phase
742:The Syncretistic Phase
730:The Guritom Cult Phase
534:is properly sent off.
421:and spiritual worlds,
35:
437:collective punishment
33:
867:Religion in Malaysia
862:Kadazan-Dusun people
653:improve this section
610:traditional healers.
570:improve this section
385:Crime and punishment
308:legendary first male
246:improve this section
175:term), priestesses.
64:improve this article
722:The Gusi Cult Phase
538:Traditional healing
294:in Kadazandusun is
426:infectious disease
193:organised religion
36:
689:
688:
681:
606:
605:
598:
465:animal sacrifices
282:
281:
274:
204:Pomogunan Tosundu
140:
139:
132:
114:
16:(Redirected from
889:
819:
818:
816:
814:
800:
794:
793:
791:
789:
775:
769:
760:
684:
677:
673:
670:
664:
633:
625:
601:
594:
590:
587:
581:
550:
542:
451:as a moderator.
435:To prevent this
277:
270:
266:
263:
257:
226:
218:
135:
128:
124:
121:
115:
113:
72:
48:
40:
21:
897:
896:
892:
891:
890:
888:
887:
886:
877:Animism in Asia
852:
851:
828:
826:Further reading
823:
822:
812:
810:
802:
801:
797:
787:
785:
777:
776:
772:
761:
757:
752:
685:
674:
668:
665:
650:
634:
623:
602:
591:
585:
582:
567:
551:
540:
502:
483:
387:
375:giant millipede
316:
287:
278:
267:
261:
258:
243:
227:
216:
200:Pomogunan Tulun
181:
136:
125:
119:
116:
73:
71:
61:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
895:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
850:
849:
846:
843:
839:
836:
833:
827:
824:
821:
820:
795:
770:
754:
753:
751:
748:
744:
743:
732:
731:
724:
723:
716:Rumanau people
711:
710:
702:overpopulation
698:
697:
687:
686:
637:
635:
628:
622:
619:
604:
603:
554:
552:
545:
539:
536:
506:Mount Kinabalu
501:
498:
482:
479:
478:
477:
473:
472:
386:
383:
315:
312:
286:
283:
280:
279:
230:
228:
221:
215:
212:
180:
177:
138:
137:
52:
50:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
894:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
847:
844:
840:
837:
834:
830:
829:
809:
805:
799:
784:
780:
774:
767:
766:
759:
755:
747:
741:
740:
739:
736:
729:
728:
727:
721:
720:
719:
717:
708:
707:
706:
703:
695:
694:
693:
683:
680:
672:
662:
658:
654:
648:
647:
643:
638:This section
636:
632:
627:
626:
618:
616:
611:
600:
597:
589:
579:
575:
571:
565:
564:
560:
555:This section
553:
549:
544:
543:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
509:
507:
497:
495:
491:
486:
475:
474:
470:
469:Adat Mansalud
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
430:crop failures
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
276:
273:
265:
255:
251:
247:
241:
240:
236:
231:This section
229:
225:
220:
219:
211:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
189:Kadazan-Dusun
186:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:
154:
153:, Malaysia.
152:
148:
147:Kadazan-Dusun
144:
134:
131:
123:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81: –
80:
76:
75:Find sources:
69:
65:
59:
58:
53:This article
51:
47:
42:
41:
38:
32:
19:
811:. Retrieved
807:
798:
786:. Retrieved
782:
779:"KDCA Sabah"
773:
763:
758:
745:
733:
725:
712:
699:
696:Forest Phase
690:
675:
669:January 2018
666:
651:Please help
639:
614:
607:
592:
586:January 2018
583:
568:Please help
556:
531:
527:
523:
519:
517:
512:
510:
503:
487:
484:
468:
460:
456:
448:
444:
440:
434:
423:
418:
410:
406:
402:
401:(rules) and
398:
394:
390:
388:
378:
370:
369:) or from a
362:
359:
346:
342:
340:
335:
331:
328:kih gimbaran
327:
323:
319:
317:
299:
295:
288:
268:
262:January 2018
259:
244:Please help
232:
214:Basic belief
203:
199:
197:
185:Nunuk Ragang
182:
168:
158:
155:
142:
141:
126:
117:
107:
100:
93:
86:
74:
62:Please help
57:verification
54:
37:
813:30 December
788:30 December
783:kdca.org.my
415:black magic
292:Creator God
143:Momolianism
18:Momolianism
856:Categories
750:References
735:Veneration
441:Molohingon
379:kokopio-on
367:woodpecker
298:, whereas
296:Minamangun
149:people of
90:newspapers
842:Tenggara.
832:relevant.
640:does not
557:does not
494:Huminodun
481:Salvation
411:monindaat
300:Kinoingan
233:does not
167:term) or
160:Bobohizan
120:June 2017
615:koduduo'
500:The dead
449:bobolian
365:bird (a
347:bobolian
343:susukuon
336:bobolian
324:susukuon
304:Catholic
169:Bobolian
661:removed
646:sources
578:removed
563:sources
532:koduduo
528:momisok
524:koduduo
520:popouli
407:sumbang
399:pantang
395:Libabou
371:lontugi
285:Deities
254:removed
239:sources
208:animism
165:Kadazan
104:scholar
692:life.
490:famine
445:Diwato
419:riniba
391:riniba
355:lihing
332:osundu
320:riniba
179:Origin
106:
99:
92:
85:
77:
513:lisok
461:Sogit
457:sogit
363:lokiu
351:tapai
173:Dusun
151:Sabah
111:JSTOR
97:books
815:2021
790:2021
644:any
642:cite
561:any
559:cite
403:adat
345:, a
237:any
235:cite
83:news
655:by
572:by
508:.
463:, (
459:.
357:).
330:or
248:by
195:.
163:, (
66:by
858::
806:.
781:.
492:.
432:.
381:.
210:.
817:.
792:.
682:)
676:(
671:)
667:(
663:.
649:.
599:)
593:(
588:)
584:(
580:.
566:.
373:(
353:/
275:)
269:(
264:)
260:(
256:.
242:.
171:(
133:)
127:(
122:)
118:(
108:·
101:·
94:·
87:·
60:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
