4607:'s story is highly irritating from a perspective of cultural hegemony. The Injun elder does not only willingly share their spirituality with the white intruder but, in fact, must come to the conclusion that this intruder is as good an Indian as they are themselves. Regarding Indian spirituality, the Plastic Shaman even out-Indians the actual ones. The messianic element, which Plastic Shamanism financially draws on, is installed in the Yoda-like elder themselves. They are the ones â while melodramatically parting from their spiritual offshoot â who urge the Plastic Shaman to share their gift with the rest of the world. Thus Plastic Shamans wipe their hands clean of any megalomaniac or missionizing undertones. Licensed by the authority of an Indian elder, they now have every right to spread their wisdom, and if they make (quite more than) a buck with it, then so be it.--The neocolonial ideology attached to this scenario leaves less room for cynicism."
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claimed to be cured by gifting, flattering, threatening, or wrestling the disease-spirit (sometimes trying all these, sequentially), and which may be completed by displaying a supposedly extracted token of the disease-spirit (displaying this, even if "fraudulent", is supposed to impress the disease-spirit that it has been, or is in the process of being, defeated so that it will retreat and stay out of the patient's body), or else mental (including psychosomatic) afflictionsâsuch as persistent terror, which is likewise believed to be cured by similar methods. In most languages a different term other than the one translated "shaman" is usually applied to a religious official leading sacrificial rites ("priest"), or to a raconteur ("sage") of traditional lore; there may be more of an overlap in functions (with that of a shaman), however, in the case of an interpreter of omens or of dreams.
4061:, Singh argues that humans search for ways of influencing uncertain events, such as healing illness, controlling rain, or attracting animals. As specialists compete to help their clients control these outcomes, they drive the evolution of psychologically compelling magic, producing traditions adapted to people's cognitive biases. Shamanism, Singh argues, is the culmination of this cultural evolutionary processâa psychologically appealing method for controlling uncertainty. For example, some shamanic practices exploit our intuitions about humanness: Practitioners use trance and dramatic initiations to seemingly become entities distinct from normal humans and thus more apparently capable of interacting with the invisible forces believed to oversee important outcomes. Influential cognitive and anthropological scientists, such as
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not be accurately represented by a single concept. Billy-Ray
Belcourt, an author and award-winning scholar from the Driftpile Cree Nation in Canada, argues that using language with the intention of simplifying culture that is diverse, such as Shamanism, as it is prevalent in communities around the world and is made up of many complex components, works to conceal the complexities of the social and political violence that Indigenous communities have experienced at the hands of settlers. Belcourt argues that language used to imply âsimplicityâ in regards to Indigenous culture, is a tool used to belittle Indigenous cultures, as it views Indigenous communities solely as a result of a history embroiled in violence, that leaves Indigenous communities only capable of simplicity and plainness.
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4167:, theoretical approaches to shamanism, and examples of "mutually opposing symbols" in academic studies of Siberian lore, distinguishing a "white" shaman who contacts sky spirits for good aims by day, from a "black" shaman who contacts evil spirits for bad aims by night. (Series of such opposing symbols referred to a world-view behind them. Analogously to the way grammar arranges words to express meanings and convey a world, also this formed a cognitive map). Shaman's lore is rooted in the folklore of the community, which provides a "mythological mental map."
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community. This is particularly evident in shamanism, where the shaman addresses not only physical symptoms but also the spiritual and communal aspects of illness. The shaman's role is to restore harmony within the individual and the community, reinforcing the social bonds believed to influence health. Joralemon emphasizes that in both traditional and modern medical practices, disease is not merely a biological fact but a social phenomenon, shaped by the cultural and societal contexts in which it occurs .
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post-1990/post-communist
Mongolia. This process has also been documented by Swiss anthropologist Judith Hangartner in her landmark study of Darhad shamans in Mongolia. Historian Karena Kollmar-Polenz argues that the social construction and reification of shamanism as a religious "other" actually began with the 18th-century writings of Tibetan Buddhist monks in Mongolia and later "probably influenced the formation of European discourse on Shamanism".
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local shaman-hood. Although the shaman is often believed and trusted precisely because they "accommodate" to the beliefs of the community, several parts of the knowledge related to the local shamanhood consist of personal experiences of the shaman, or root in their family life, thus, those are lost with their death. Besides that, in many cultures, the entire traditional belief system has become endangered (often together with a partial or total
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these contexts is multifaceted, encompassing physical, social, and cultural dimensions. Anthropologists Nancy
Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock expand on this by introducing the idea of "the three bodies": the "individual body," relating to personal health experiences; the "social body," connecting health to social and cultural values; and the "body politic," reflecting the influence of power structures on health outcomes.
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are given by his partner spirit. Since it obliges the shaman to use his gift and to work regularly in this capacity, the spirit rewards him with the goods that it receives. These goods, however, are only "welcome addenda". They are not enough to enable a full-time shaman. Shamans live like any other member of the group, as a hunter or housewife. Due to the popularity of
2768:'." Shamanism encompasses the premise that shamans are intermediaries or messengers between the human world and the spirit worlds. Shamans are said to treat ailments and illnesses by mending the soul. Alleviating traumas affecting the soul or spirit are believed to restore the physical body of the individual to balance and wholeness. Shamans also claim to enter
3609:. The spirit guide energizes the shamans, enabling them to enter the spiritual dimension. Shamans claim to heal within the communities and the spiritual dimension by returning lost parts of the human soul from wherever they have gone. Shamans also claim to cleanse excess negative energies, which are said to confuse or pollute the soul. Shamans act as
2854:. She argues that these expression are unique to each culture that uses them and that such practices cannot be generalized easily, accurately, or usefully into a global religion of shamanism. Because of this, Kehoe is also highly critical of the hypothesis that shamanism is an ancient, unchanged, and surviving religion from the Paleolithic period.
3361:. Beliefs related to spirits can explain many different phenomena. For example, the importance of storytelling, or acting as a singer, can be understood better if the whole belief system is examined. A person who can memorize long texts or songs, and play an instrument, may be regarded as the beneficiary of contact with the spirits (e.g.
4246:), with the other people of the community remembering the associated beliefs and practices (or the language at all) grew old or died, many folklore memories, songs, and texts were forgottenâwhich may threaten even such peoples who could preserve their isolation until the middle of the 20th century, like the
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Shamanism, religious phenomenon centred on the shaman, a person believed to achieve various powers through trance or ecstatic religious experience. Although shamans' repertoires vary from one culture to the next, they are typically thought to have the ability to heal the sick, to communicate with the
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also mentions that, despite really astonishing similarities, there is no unity in shamanism. The various, fragmented shamanistic practices and beliefs coexist with other beliefs everywhere. There is no record of pure shamanistic societies (although their existence is not impossible). Norwegian social
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to obtain solutions to problems afflicting the community. Shamans claim to visit other worlds or dimensions to bring guidance to misguided souls and to ameliorate illnesses of the human soul caused by foreign elements. Shamans operate primarily within the spiritual world, which, they believe, in turn
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After exemplifying the general decline even in the most remote areas, there are revitalizations or tradition-preserving efforts as a response. Besides collecting the memories, there are also tradition-preserving and even revitalization efforts, led by authentic former shamans (for example among the
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There are two major frameworks among cognitive and evolutionary scientists for explaining shamanism. The first, proposed by anthropologist
Michael Winkelman, is known as the "neurotheological theory". According to Winkelman, shamanism develops reliably in human societies because it provides valuable
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Shamanism is based on the premise that the visible world is pervaded by invisible forces or spirits which affect the lives of the living. Although the causes of disease lie in the spiritual realm, inspired by malicious spirits, both spiritual and physical methods are used to heal. Commonly, a shaman
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of other parts of Asia, Africa, Australasia and even completely unrelated parts of the
Americas, as they believed these practices to be similar to one another. While the term has been incorrectly applied by cultural outsiders to many Indigenous spiritual practices, the words âshamanâ and âshamanismâ
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In many societies where shamanism is practiced, the understanding and treatment of illness are closely tied to social and cultural processes. Disease is often seen not just as a biological condition but as a disruption in the balance of spiritual and social relationships. The concept of the body in
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is used by shamans of several peoples in
Siberia. The beating of the drum allows the shaman to achieve an altered state of consciousness or to travel on a journey between the physical and spiritual worlds. Much fascination surrounds the role that the acoustics of the drum play to the shaman. Shaman
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The term has been criticized for its perceived colonial roots, and as a tool to perpetuate perceived contemporary linguistic colonialism. By
Western scholars, the term "shamanism" is used to refer to a variety of different cultures and practices around the world, which can vary dramatically and may
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There is no single agreed-upon definition for the word "shamanism" among anthropologists. Thomas
Downson suggests three shared elements of shamanism: practitioners consistently alter consciousness, the community regards altering consciousness as an important ritual practice, and the knowledge about
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epic text details the wonderful deeds of the ancient "first shaman" Kara-GĂŒrgĂ€n: he could even compete with God, create life, steal back the soul of the sick from God without his consent. A subsequent text laments that shamans of older times were stronger, possessing capabilities like omnividence,
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According to anthropologist Donald
Joralemon, the practice of medicine is inherently a social process, both in shamanistic societies and contemporary biomedicine. Joralemon argues that healing rituals, diagnoses, and treatments are deeply embedded in the cultural norms and social expectations of a
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were 50 complete tortoise shells, a human foot, and certain body parts from animals such as a cow tail and eagle wings. Other animal remains came from a boar, leopard, and two martens. "It seems that the woman ⊠was perceived as being in a close relationship with these animal spirits", researchers
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The way shamans get sustenance and take part in everyday life varies across cultures. In many Inuit groups, they provide services for the community and get a "due payment", and believe the payment is given to the helping spirits. An account states that the gifts and payments that a shaman receives
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Many shamans have expert knowledge of medicinal plants native to their area, and an herbal treatment is often prescribed. In many places shamans learn directly from the plants, harnessing their effects and healing properties, after obtaining permission from the indwelling or patron spirits. In the
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Despite structural implications of colonialism and imperialism that have limited the ability of
Indigenous peoples to practice traditional spiritualities, many communities are undergoing resurgence through self-determination and the reclamation of dynamic traditions. Other groups have been able to
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In most affected areas, shamanic practices ceased to exist, with authentic shamans dying and their personal experiences dying with them. The loss of memories is not always lessened by the fact the shaman is not always the only person in a community who knows the beliefs and motives related to the
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The neurotheological theory contrasts with the "by-product" or "subjective" model of shamanism developed by Harvard anthropologist Manvir Singh. According to Singh, shamanism is a cultural technology that adapts to (or hacks) our psychological biases to convince us that a specialist can influence
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The responsibilities of a shaman may include either guiding to their proper abode the souls of the dead (which may be guided either one-at-a-time or in a group, depending on the culture), and the curing of ailments. The ailments may be either purely physical afflictionsâsuch as disease, which are
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Where a Shaman is present within a community - the group determines whether an individual is true Shaman or not. The group also determines whether an individual is sick and doomed by sorcery, this is where a Shaman is given the role to dispel an illness. The Shaman does not become a great Shaman
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Furthermore, due to the predominant number of female shamans over males, shamanism was and continues to be an integral part of womenâs economic liberation. Shamanism often serves as an economic resource due to the requirement of payment for service. This economic revenue was vital for female
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in Latin America, exists in many societies. Other societies assert all shamans have the power to both cure and kill. Those with shamanic knowledge usually enjoy great power and prestige in the community, but they may also be regarded suspiciously or fearfully as potentially harmful to others.
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shamans, especially those living during the Chosun Dynasty in Korea (A.D. 1392â1910). In a culture that disapproved of female economic autonomy, the practice of shamanism allowed women to advance themselves financially and independently, in a way that had not been possible for them before.
4181:, or "ethnohermeneutics", interpretation. HoppĂĄl extended the term to include not only the interpretation of oral and written texts, but that of "visual texts as well (including motions, gestures and more complex rituals, and ceremonies performed, for instance, by shamans)". Revealing the
2923:(with an estimated population of 3000 people surviving from this tribe). Tuva is one of the most isolated Asiatic tribes in Russia where the art of shamanism has been preserved until today due to its isolated existence, allowing it to be free from the influences of other major religions.
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Dulam Bumochir has affirmed the above critiques of "shamanism" as a Western construct created for comparative purposes and, in an extensive article, has documented the role of Mongols themselves, particularly "the partnership of scholars and shamans in the reconstruction of shamanism" in
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benefits to the practitioner, their group, and individual clients. In particular, the trance states induced by dancing, hallucinogens, and other triggers are hypothesized to have an "integrative" effect on cognition, allowing communication among mental systems that specialize in
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and for avoiding resource depletion through overhunting. This system is conceptualized mythologically and symbolically by the belief that breaking hunting restrictions may cause illness. The shaman is able to "release" game animals, or their souls, from their hidden abodes. The
7988:. Actes du colloque « Aux origines du monothĂ©isme et du scepticisme religieux » organisĂ© Ă Louvain-la-Neuve les 7 et 8 juin 2013 par le Centre d'histoire des Religions Cardinal Julien Ries , Turnhout, Brepols, coll. Homo Religiosus sĂ©rie II, 14, 2015, pp. 247â60.
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were once a widespread (and very diverse) phenomenon, but today is rarely practiced, as well as already having been in decline among many groups, even while the first major ethnological research was being done, e.g. among Inuit, at the end of the 19th century, Sagloq, the last
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in their cultures. Shamans claim to communicate with the spirits on behalf of the community, including the spirits of the deceased. Shamans believe they can communicate with both living and dead to alleviate unrest, unsettled issues, and to deliver gifts to the spirits.
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questions this connection on linguistic grounds: "The possibility cannot be completely rejected, but neither should it be accepted without reservation since the assumed derivational relationship is phonologically irregular (note especially the vowel quantities)."
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also discusses whether the term "shamanism" is appropriate. He notes that for many readers, "-ism" implies a particular dogma, like Buddhism, Catholicism or Judaism. He recommends using the term "shamanhood" or "shamanship" (a term used in old Russian and German
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Beliefs and practices categorized as "shamanic" have attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers and psychologists. Hundreds of books and
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reports at the beginning of the 20th century) for stressing the diversity and the specific features of the discussed cultures. He believes that this places more stress on the local variations and emphasizes that shamanism is not a religion of sacred
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may prescribe the behavior of people towards game, so that the souls of the animals do not feel angry or hurt, or the pleased soul of the already killed prey can tell the other, still living animals, that they can allow themselves to be caught and
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that is perceived as one of the earliest-known shaman burials. The elderly woman had been arranged on her side, with her legs apart and folded inward at the knee. Ten large stones were placed on the head, pelvis, and arms. Among her unusual
2753:-speaking peoples. Upon observing more religious traditions around the world, some Western anthropologists began to also use the term in a very broad sense. The term was used to describe unrelated magicoreligious practices found within the
2546:", "spiritual healers" or "prophets," by claiming that shamans undertake some particular technique not used by the others. (Problematically, scholars advocating the third view have failed to agree on what the defining technique should be.)
3640:, a distinct kind of shaman acts as a psychopomp. Other specialized shamans may be distinguished according to the type of spirits, or realms of the spirit world, with which the shaman most commonly interacts. These roles vary among the
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In many areas, former shamans ceased to fulfill the functions in the community they used to, as they felt mocked by their own community, or regarded their own past as deprecated and were unwilling to talk about it to ethnographers.
3605:, who they believe guide and direct them in their travels in the spirit world. These spirit guides are always thought to be present within the shaman, although others are said to encounter them only when the shaman is in a
4156:. According to this view, the shaman uses (and the audience understands) multiple codes, expressing meanings in many ways: verbally, musically, artistically, and in dance. Meanings may be manifested in objects such as
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Gabus, Jean: A karibu eszkimĂłk. Gondolat KiadĂł, Budapest, 1970. (Hungarian translation of the original: Vie et coutumes des Esquimaux Caribous, Libraire Payot Lausanne, 1944.) It describes the life of Caribou Eskimo
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The isolated location of Nganasan people allowed shamanism to be a living phenomenon among them even at the beginning of the 20th century, the last notable Nganasan shaman's ceremonies were recorded on film in the
4289:, (aka "plastic medicine people"). He adds, "One may assume that anyone claiming to be a Cherokee 'shaman, spiritual healer, or pipe-carrier', is equivalent to a modern day medicine show and snake-oil vendor."
3761:, social intelligence, and natural history. With this cognitive integration, the shaman can better predict the movement of animals, resolve group conflicts, plan migrations, and provide other useful services.
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Spirits are invisible entities that only shamans can see. They are seen as persons that can assume a human or animal body. Some animals in their physical forms are also seen as spirits such as the case of the
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because they cure a person, it is because they are known by the group as great Shamans. Community members known as dreamers also listen in on private conversations to convey an individualâs known sickness.
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Shamans often claim to have been called through dreams or signs. However, some say their powers are inherited. In traditional societies shamanic training varies in length, but generally takes years.
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As Alice Kehoe notes, Eliade's conceptualization of shamans produces a universalist image of Indigenous cultures, which perpetuates notions of the dead (or dying) Indian as well as the noble savage.
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for a shamanic trial and journey. This process is important to young shamans. They undergo a type of sickness that pushes them to the brink of death. This is said to happen for two reasons:
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who was believed to be able to travel to the sky and under the sea diedâand many other former shamanic capacities were lost during that time as well, like ventriloquism and sleight of hand.
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that the "first prophecies were the words of an oak", and that those who lived at that time found it rewarding enough to "listen to an oak or a stone, so long as it was telling the truth".
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for shamans-to-be, commonly involving physical illness or psychological crisis. The significant role of initiatory illnesses in the calling of a shaman can be found in the case history of
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Summary of the cultural evolutionary and cognitive foundations of shamanism; published with commentaries by 25 scholars (including anthropologists, philosophers, and psychologists).
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as definitive of shamanism ignores the fact that they exist outside of what is defined as shamanism and even play similar roles in nonshamanic cultures, for example chanting in the
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and modern Western forms of shamanism, which, according to Kehoe, misrepresent or dilute Indigenous practices. Kehoe also believes that the term reinforces racist ideas such as the
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Traditional, Indigenous shamanism is believed to be declining around the world. Whalers who frequently interacted with Inuit groups are one source of this decline in that region.
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4160:. If the shaman knows the culture of their community well, and acts accordingly, their audience will know the used symbols and meanings and therefore trust the shamanic worker.
3663:, or "second spirit") knows many things about the associated beliefs. He or she accompanies the rituals and interprets the behaviors of the shaman. Despite these functions, the
7540:. Iconography of religions, section VIII, "Arctic Peoples", fascicle 2. Leiden, The Netherlands: Institute of Religious Iconography âą State University Groningen. E.J. Brill.
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may be based closely on the soul concepts of the belief system of the people served by the shaman. It may consist of the supposed retrieving the lost soul of the ill person.
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do not accurately describe the variety and complexity that is Indigenous spirituality. Each nation and tribe has its own way of life, and uses terms in their own languages.
2258:, exploitation and misrepresentation when outside observers have tried to practice the ceremonies of, or represent, centuries-old cultures to which they do not belong.
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period. The earliest known undisputed burial of a shaman (and by extension the earliest undisputed evidence of shamans and shamanic practices) dates back to the early
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The shaman must become sick to understand sickness. When the shaman overcomes their own sickness, they believe that they will hold the cure to heal all that suffer.
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Just like shamanism itself, music and songs related to it in various cultures are diverse. In several instances, songs related to shamanism are intended to imitate
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proposes that all of the world's mythologies, and also the concepts and practices of shamans, can be traced to the migrations of two prehistoric populations: the "
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The shaman crosses over to the underworld. This happens so the shaman can venture to its depths to bring back vital information for the sick and the tribe.
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There are many variations of shamanism throughout the world, but several common beliefs are shared by all forms of shamanism. Common beliefs identified by
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4148:
A debated etymology of the word "shaman" is "one who knows", implying, among other things, that the shaman is an expert in keeping together the multiple
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The title means: "Uralic peoples. Culture and traditions of our linguistic relatives"; the chapter means "Linguistical background of the relationship".
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relates these concepts to developments in the ways that modern science (systems theory, ecology, new approaches in anthropology and archeology) treats
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MenovĆĄÄikov, G.A. (= Đ. Đ. ĐĐ”ĐœĐŸĐČŃĐžĐșĐŸĐČ) (1968). "Popular Conceptions, Religious Beliefs and Rites of the Asiatic Eskimoes". In DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (ed.).
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views in shamanism, but also their relevance to the contemporary world, where ecological problems have validated paradigms of balance and protection.
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The second definition limits the term to refer to those who contact a spirit world while in an altered state of consciousness at the behest of others.
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of Siberia and neighboring parts of Asia. According to the Golomt Center for Shamanic Studies, a Mongolian organization of shamans, the Evenk word
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Znamensky, Andrei A. (2005). "Az ĆsisĂ©g szĂ©psĂ©ge: altĂĄji török sĂĄmĂĄnok a szibĂ©riai regionĂĄlis gondolkodĂĄsban (1860â1920)". In MolnĂĄr, ĂdĂĄm (ed.).
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8151:, an organization devoted to alerting seekers about fraudulent teachers, and helping them avoid being exploited or participating in exploitation
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2826:'s work on shamanism as an invention synthesized from various sources unsupported by more direct research. To Kehoe, citing practices such as
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movements, which usually differ from traditional shamanistic practice and beliefs in significant ways, and often have more connection to the
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The third definition attempts to distinguish shamans from other magico-religious specialists who are believed to contact spirits, such as "
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By engaging in their work, a shaman is exposed to significant personal risk as shamanic plant materials can be toxic or fatal if misused.
4069:, have endorsed Singh's approach, although other researchers have criticized Singh's dismissal of individual- and group-level benefits.
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are commonly used in an attempt to protect against these dangers, and the use of more dangerous plants is often very highly ritualized.
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Europe's Indians, Indians in Europe: European Perceptions and Appropriations of Native American Cultures from Pocahontas to the Present
2440:, published in 1698 his account of a Russian embassy to China; a translation of his book, published the same year, introduced the word
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HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2006a). "SĂĄmĂĄnok, kultĂșrĂĄk Ă©s kutatĂłk az ezredfordulĂłn". In HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly; SzathmĂĄri, Botond; TakĂĄcs, AndrĂĄs (eds.).
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Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frédéric; Remie, Cornelius (Summer 2006). "Perceptions of Decline: Inuit Shamanism in the Canadian Arctic".
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do not call their traditional spiritual ways "shamanism." However, according to Richard L. Allen, research and policy analyst for the
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anthropologist Hakan Rydving has likewise argued for the abandonment of the terms "shaman" and "shamanism" as "scientific illusions."
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Besides personal communications of former shamans, folklore texts may narrate directly about a deterioration process. For example, a
2882:, but linked to the everyday life in a practical way. Following similar thoughts, he also conjectures a contemporary paradigm shift.
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may serve other functions not necessarily related to shamanism: practical goals such as luring game in the hunt; or entertainment (
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of the society, and that to be effective, shamans must maintain a comprehensive view in their mind which gives them certainty of
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frederic; Remie, Cornelius (2006). "Perceptions of Decline: Inuit Shamanism in the Canadian Arctic".
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shamanism: former authentic shamans have begun to practice again, and young apprentices are being educated in an organized way.
2726:" and may have roots that extend back in time at least two millennia. The term was introduced to the west after Russian forces
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8187:â A charitable, non-for-profit NGO for preserving Mongolian traditional Shamanic practices and rituals, operating in Mongolia.
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The first of these uses the term to refer to "anybody who contacts a spirit world while in an altered state of consciousness".
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writes, "A first definition of this complex phenomenon, and perhaps the least hazardous, will be: shamanism = 'technique of
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In November 2008, researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem announced the discovery of a 12,000-year-old site in
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noted that by the dawn of the 21st century, there were four separate definitions of the term which appeared to be in use:
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The chapter title means "Shamans, cultures and researchers in the millenary", the book title means "Shamans and cultures".
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Tedlock, Barbara. 2005. The Woman in the Shaman's Body: Reclaiming the Feminine in Religion and Medicine. New York: Bantam
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7305:. Nationalmuseets skrifter, Etnografisk RĂŠkke (Ethnographical series), VIII. Copenhagen: The National Museum of Denmark.
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generally, and there can be no doubt that they have come to be applied to a large number of different classes of people.
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in South America, there are practitioners in areas frequented by backpackers who make a living from leading ceremonies.
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drums are generally constructed of an animal-skin stretched over a bent wooden hoop, with a handle across the hoop.
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3234:"enters the body" of the patient to confront the spiritual infirmity and heals by banishing the infectious spirit.
3150:
2130:
2100:
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of hunted game can be solved by "releasing" the souls of the animals from their hidden abodes. Besides that, many
2279:, 17th century. Witsen called him a "priest of the Devil" and drew clawed feet for the supposed demonic qualities.
2221:
on the subject have been produced, with a peer-reviewed academic journal being devoted to the study of shamanism.
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2012:
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The title means "The belief system of Hungarians when they entered the Pannonian Basin, and their shamanism".
3768:
3040:
2469:, explorers, soldiers and colonial administrators with whom the people had increasing contact for centuries.
2425:
2115:
1282:
1242:
1088:
716:
261:
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Kollmar-Paulenz, Karenina (2012). "The Invention of "Shamanism" in 18th Century Mongolian Elite Discourse".
10452:
9576:
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19 (1917): 361â71 and Bremmer J., "Travelling souls? Greek shamanism reconsidered", in Bremmer J.N. (ed.),
4443:
2052:
1977:
1957:
1885:
1831:
196:
7631:. Vol. 6. Seoul KR: è„żæ±ć€§ćžæ Ą ćźæçĄç©¶æ (SĆgang Taehakkyo Chonggyo YĆn'guso). pp. 135â62. Archived from
2447:
Anthropologist and archeologist Silvia Tomaskova argued that by the mid-1600s, many Europeans applied the
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9809:
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6297:"Why is there shamanism? Developing the cultural evolutionary theory and addressing alternative accounts"
5152:
Bumochir, Dulam (2014). "Institutionalization of Mongolian shamanism: from primitivism to civilization".
4309:
3594:
3143:
3045:
3035:
2795:
A tableau presenting figures from various cultures described as "shamans" in Western academic literature.
2777:
affects the human world. The restoration of balance is said to result in the elimination of the ailment.
2363:, designating a wandering monastic or holy figure, has spread to many Central Asian languages along with
2218:
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2002:
1920:
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1420:
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10476:
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7595:. Musiques & musiciens du monde / Musics & musicians of the world. Montreal: Research Group in
5556:
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1542:
1361:
1287:
8129:
4140:, but is said to be unlike any other among the Epipaleolithic Natufians or in the Paleolithic period.
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9169:
8630:
6510:
4077:
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1811:
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1371:
937:
794:
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Humphrey, Nicholas (2018). "Shamans as healers: When magical structure becomes practical function".
3617:
Shamans perform a variety of functions depending upon their respective cultures; healing, leading a
11794:
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11123:
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10606:
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9677:
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9038:
8803:
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8426:
7763:"Shamanism in Northern and Southern Eurasia: their distinctive methods and change of consciousness"
6344:"Modern shamans: Financial managers, political pundits and others who help tame life's uncertainty"
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3636:
There are distinct types of shamans who perform more specialized functions. For example, among the
2951:
2090:
1257:
686:
538:
151:
36:
7410:
The title means "Shamans in Eurasia", the book is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.
3593:
Shamans have been conceptualized as those who are able to gain knowledge and power to heal in the
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11113:
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8085:
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is not a shaman. For this interpretative assistant, it would be unwelcome to fall into a trance.
2911:, have the power to heal the sick, communicate with spirits, and escort souls of the dead to the
2465:
may have entered the various Tungus dialects as a corruption of this term, and then been told to
1806:
1764:
1692:
1572:
1207:
869:
819:
600:
433:
221:
20:
7906:. (contains first-hand accounts of the Nepalese jhankri tradition) Oxford: Signal Books, 2011.
5434:
5367:
4084:
in a less linear fashion. He also suggests a cooperation of modern science and Indigenous lore.
3250:
to evoke spirits. Before a spirit can be summoned it must teach the shaman its song. The use of
12111:
11615:
11260:
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11186:
10714:
10698:
10688:
10647:
10642:
10500:
10492:
9081:
8900:
8517:
8512:
8221:
6368:
Boyer, Pascal (2018). "Missing links: The psychology and epidemiology of shamanistic beliefs".
5862:
4854:', are in general use to denote any persons of the Native professional class among the heathen
4025:
2808:
2466:
2255:
1747:
1737:
1632:
814:
646:
641:
236:
11467:
2722:, and "nothing seems to contradict the assumption that the meaning 'shaman' also derives from
2457:(meaning "devil") to the non-Christian practices and beliefs of Indigenous peoples beyond the
503:
11402:
11366:
11181:
10982:
10729:
10724:
10601:
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9879:
9852:
9792:
9616:
9571:
9509:
9499:
8838:
8702:
8547:
8537:
8522:
8470:
7899:
7232:. Translated by Anita Rajkay BabĂł (from Hungarian). Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications.
6249:
Winkelman, Michael (1986). "Trance states: A theoretical model and cross-cultural analysis".
5677:
Curanderismo Soul Retrieval: Ancient Shamanic Wisdom to Restore the Sacred Energy of the Soul
4401:
3598:
3117:
3050:
2979:
2919:
avoid some of these structural impediments by virtue of their isolation, such as the nomadic
2867:
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2125:
1732:
1662:
1502:
1302:
1167:
1047:
829:
666:
558:
553:
508:
478:
2915:. The origins of Shamanism stem from indigenous peoples of far northern Europe and Siberia.
12236:
12128:
11313:
11306:
10977:
10848:
10843:
10566:
10561:
10358:
9718:
9693:
9606:
9051:
8983:
8926:
8910:
8895:
8875:
8833:
8707:
8552:
8542:
8527:
8492:
8487:
8455:
7588:
6135:
5603:
Animism beyond the Soul: Ontology, Reflexivity, and the Making of Anthropological Knowledge
4386:
4001:
3776:
3429:
3080:
3008:
2690:. According to Juha Janhunen, "the word is attested in all of the Tungusic idioms" such as
2550:
2206:
2199:
2095:
1824:
1607:
1470:
1398:
1346:
1267:
1174:
1119:
1096:
976:
701:
586:
548:
146:
96:
9249:
5281:"Using the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Litigation",
4801:
3384:
and enter the "spirit world" by effecting a transition of consciousness, entering into an
8:
12123:
11620:
11509:
11472:
11447:
11250:
11101:
10734:
10719:
10460:
10420:
10075:
10060:
9862:
9757:
9752:
9728:
9670:
9591:
9292:
9164:
9043:
8712:
8635:
8625:
8502:
8386:
8381:
5121:"Le chamanisme aujourd'hui: constructions et deconstructions d'une illusion scientifique"
4321:
4011:
3267:
3178:
Spirits exist and they play important roles both in individual lives and in human society
3018:
2963:
2935:
2851:
2773:
2750:
2421:
2378:
2241:
2202:
1742:
1527:
1440:
1217:
1043:
883:
661:
593:
483:
8044:
KIM, ANDREW EUNGI. (2000). "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South Korea".
7715:
Religious or Spiritual Problem. A Culturally Sensitive Diagnostic Category in the DSM-IV
7659:, J. Hitchcock & R. Jones (eds.), New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, pp. 12â20.
7164:. Die MĂ€rchen der Weltliteratur (in German). DĂŒsseldorf âą Köln: Eugen Diederichs Verlag.
6480:
6455:
4168:
12307:
12276:
11789:
11769:
11759:
11632:
11570:
11527:
11341:
11213:
11173:
11128:
11043:
11028:
10926:
10921:
10611:
10543:
9787:
9581:
9539:
9449:
9414:
9189:
9154:
9056:
8998:
8960:
8955:
8791:
8781:
8585:
8557:
8507:
8298:
8258:
8160:
8063:
7785:
7701:
7515:
7492:
7279:
7186:
The title means "The faces of culture. Mosaics from the area of cultural anthropology".
6493:
6436:
6393:
6324:
6231:
6163:
5799:
5498:
5477:
In Darkness and Secrecy: The Anthropology of Assault Sorcery and Witchcraft in Amazonia
5256:
5169:
4505:
4132:
noted. The grave was one of at least 28 graves at the site, located in a cave in lower
3941:
3806:
3675:
As the primary teacher of tribal symbolism, the shaman may have a leading role in this
3570:
3396:
or ritual performances. The methods employed are diverse, and are often used together.
3285:
3102:
2900:
2899:
Shamanism is a system of religious practice. Historically, it is often associated with
2723:
2493:
2225:
2110:
2085:
2022:
1720:
1547:
1455:
1435:
1415:
1341:
849:
740:
498:
273:
136:
9344:
9297:
7713:
Turner, Robert P.; Lukoff, David; Barnhouse, Ruth Tiffany & Lu, Francis G. (1995)
7655:
Reinhard, Johan (1976) "Shamanism and Spirit Possession: The Definition Problem." In
6536:
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5475:
Wilbert, Johannes; Vidal, Silvia M. (2004). Whitehead, Neil L.; Wright, Robin (eds.).
5079:
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11709:
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11106:
11017:
11011:
10972:
10960:
10833:
10240:
10070:
9874:
9723:
9641:
9637:
9519:
9504:
9174:
9121:
9101:
9003:
8993:
8920:
8749:
8739:
8532:
8320:
8240:
8102:
8055:
8010:
7996:
7968:
7954:
7939:
7922:
7907:
7890:
7876:
7852:
7813:
7789:
7746:
7726:
7705:
7693:
7673:
7610:
7569:
7541:
7522:
7521:. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Cambridge University Press.
7499:
7498:. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Cambridge University Press.
7469:
7450:
7430:
7399:
7379:
7359:
7339:
7320:
7314:
7287:
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7244:
7201:
7200:. preface by Marett, R.R. Somerville College, University of Oxford; Clarendon Press.
7175:
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6497:
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6397:
6385:
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6296:
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6167:
6155:
6105:
5813:
5803:
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5606:
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5488:
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5407:
5397:
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5173:
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4897:
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4672:
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4509:
4497:
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3703:
3443:
Turner and colleagues mention a phenomenon called "shamanistic initiatory crisis", a
3385:
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305:
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10807:
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9377:
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8440:
8411:
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8288:
8110:
8094:
8071:
8033:
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7777:
7685:
7166:
The title means: "Eskimo tales", the series means: "The tales of world literature".
6922:
6851:
6810:
6475:
6467:
6420:
6377:
6308:
6262:
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6147:
5480:
5430:
5322:
5286:
5189:
The Constitution and Contestation of Darhad Shamans' Power in Contemporary Mongolia
5161:
5132:
5052:
5007:
4843:
4489:
4137:
3861:
3841:
3831:
3801:
3511:
Shamans may employ varying materials in spiritual practice in different cultures.
3023:
3013:
2904:
2731:
2691:
2636:
2607:
2570:
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and could be the ultimate origin of the word shaman. The word has been reported in
2332:
2292:
2237:
1910:
1672:
1532:
1319:
1001:
760:
745:
696:
528:
11674:
8098:
6855:
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12231:
11779:
11377:
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11095:
10777:
10133:
10033:
9929:
9551:
9534:
9489:
9479:
9424:
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9334:
9329:
9314:
9239:
8975:
8965:
8600:
8590:
8391:
8268:
8083:
LAUREL KENDALL (September 1996). "Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism".
7934:
7805:
7662:
7596:
7418:
7109:
5290:
5165:
4831:
4808:
4282:
4247:
3996:
3956:
3622:
3452:
3444:
2754:
2715:
2683:
2662:) is someone who is regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of
2448:
2417:
2322:
2318:
2276:
2251:
2080:
2037:
1622:
1612:
1487:
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1388:
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1324:
1262:
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1025:
996:
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809:
630:
493:
448:
403:
393:
191:
181:
106:
10318:
7602:
7195:
7191:
5972:
4970:
Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia/ Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne,
4205:
12211:
12206:
11704:
11532:
11482:
11407:
11231:
11068:
10987:
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9402:
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9116:
9096:
8885:
8761:
8722:
8416:
8406:
8401:
8325:
7564:
Nagy, Beåta Boglårka (1998). "Az északi szamojédok". In Csepregi, Mårta (ed.).
7310:
7216:
5745:
4604:
4577:
Shamans and religion : an anthropological exploration in critical thinking
4381:
4361:
4286:
4258:
4243:
4108:
3758:
3550:
3483:
3459:
3415:
3405:
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2057:
1930:
1697:
1682:
1597:
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1512:
1006:
981:
854:
413:
408:
8132:
A charitable organization protecting traditional cultures in northern Thailand
7689:
7230:
Tracing shamans in Siberia. The story of an ethnographical research expedition
6926:
6471:
6424:
6381:
6312:
6227:
6200:
5411:
5394:
INCONVENIENT INDIAN : a curious account of native people in north america
5326:
4493:
3739:
3601:
that convey certain messages. Shamans may claim to have or have acquired many
2504:
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473:
12301:
12106:
11983:
11956:
11652:
11561:
11494:
11462:
11417:
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11135:
11118:
10863:
10353:
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10278:
10158:
9733:
9494:
9419:
9302:
9282:
9194:
9149:
8360:
8139:
8106:
8059:
8046:
7781:
7649:
7622:"Chuonnasuan (Meng Jin Fu), The Last Shaman of the Oroqen of Northeast China"
6863:
6159:
6151:
5231:
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4638:
4524:
4423:
3951:
3876:
3689:
3680:
3656:
3649:
3641:
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3306:
3208:
3171:
3075:
2823:
2761:
2738:
2719:
2711:
2695:
2525:
2342:
2335:
1992:
1967:
1875:
1865:
1677:
1592:
1507:
1430:
1393:
1336:
1314:
1202:
1152:
859:
676:
634:
543:
533:
518:
513:
463:
357:
55:
8175:
by Aado Lintrop, Folk Belief and Media Group of the Estonian Literary Museum
8114:
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8037:
4666:
4238:
fortune-telling even for decades in the future, moving as fast as a bullet.
3629:("guide of souls"). A single shaman may fulfill several of these functions.
3522:
2549:
The fourth definition identified by Hutton uses "shamanism" to refer to the
2416:. It was brought to Western Europe twenty years later by the Dutch traveler
2408:
The term was adopted by Russians interacting with the indigenous peoples in
12133:
11774:
11517:
11457:
11397:
11169:
11063:
11038:
11033:
10999:
10828:
10484:
10436:
10220:
10173:
10168:
10128:
9889:
9772:
9439:
9429:
9392:
9382:
9372:
9264:
9179:
9111:
9008:
8672:
8396:
8345:
7977:
7866:
7697:
7617:
7606:
7568:. PanorĂĄma (in Hungarian). Budapest: Medicina KönyvkiadĂł. pp. 221â34.
6489:
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6389:
6320:
5817:
5791:
4501:
4413:
4346:
4293:
4178:
4062:
3645:
3637:
3574:
3518:
3419:
3297:
3201:
3195:
3070:
2986:
2839:
2816:
2786:
2543:
2509:
2246:
2047:
2017:
1890:
1769:
1657:
1582:
1482:
1477:
1383:
1378:
1329:
1292:
1237:
1222:
844:
777:
523:
453:
216:
211:
121:
8029:
7887:
Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking.
6814:
5851:"The Tinguian; Social, Religious, and Economic life of a Philippine tribe"
5484:
3784:
3309:
can generally explain more, seemingly unassociated phenomena in shamanism:
2356:
962:
12200:
12185:
12118:
11961:
11946:
11936:
11889:
11847:
11839:
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11442:
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11058:
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10404:
10348:
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9993:
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9444:
9324:
9319:
8865:
8798:
8717:
8682:
8662:
8330:
8190:
7935:
The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature
7517:
The Palm and the Pleiades. Initiation and Cosmology in Northwest Amazonia
7494:
From the Milk River: Spatial and Temporal Processes in Northwest Amazonia
7374:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (1998). "A honfoglalĂłk hitvilĂĄga Ă©s a magyar samanizmus".
7334:
HajdĂș, PĂ©ter (1975). "A rokonsĂĄg nyelvi hĂĄttere". In HajdĂș, PĂ©ter (ed.).
7275:
The title means: "Remnants of shamanistic beliefs in Hungarian folklore".
6840:"The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology"
6614:
4603:. University Press of America, 2007: p.132. "What happens further in the
4541:
otherworld, and often to escort the souls of the dead to that otherworld.
4418:
4407:
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4341:
4128:
4093:
3991:
3916:
3906:
3846:
3836:
3095:
3085:
2874:
2805:
Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking
2800:
2302:
2275:
The earliest known depiction of a Siberian shaman, by the Dutch explorer
2007:
1925:
1637:
1562:
1557:
1497:
1277:
1247:
1197:
1192:
1157:
957:
903:
834:
789:
438:
352:
335:
231:
201:
161:
10333:
8251:
8067:
7717:. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol.183, No. 7, pp. 435â44
7284:
Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yup'ik Eskimo Oral Tradition
7197:
Shamanism in Siberia. Aboriginal Siberia. A study in social anthropology
5973:"Shamanism in Siberia: Part III. Religion: Chapter IX. Types of Shamans"
5137:
5120:
3276:
12195:
12046:
11971:
11941:
11921:
11916:
11879:
11869:
11862:
11857:
11843:
11811:
11504:
11427:
11145:
11085:
11080:
10955:
10772:
10576:
10235:
10178:
10163:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9988:
9968:
9767:
9697:
9662:
9387:
9184:
9106:
9091:
8880:
8850:
8813:
8771:
8766:
8697:
8335:
8173:
Studies in Siberian Shamanism and Religions of the Finno-Ugrian Peoples
7468:. Bibliotheca Shamanistica. Budapest: AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł. pp. 17â26.
7449:. Bibliotheca Shamanistica. Budapest: AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł. pp. 11â16.
4253:
Some areas could enjoy a prolonged resistance due to their remoteness.
3921:
3881:
3871:
3866:
3851:
3626:
3554:
3381:
3219:
3122:
3090:
2943:
2908:
2843:
2769:
2687:
2675:
2539:
2210:
2105:
1602:
1587:
1577:
1465:
1212:
1162:
947:
443:
347:
176:
171:
156:
141:
131:
126:
101:
91:
7984: », in RenĂ© Lebrun, Julien De Vos et Ă. Van Quickelberghe (Ă©ds),
7873:
Dream Catchers: How Mainstream America Discovered Native Spirituality.
7837:
7757:
Major work on the evolutionary and psychological origins of shamanism.
2325:. The etymology of the word is sometimes connected to the Tungus root
681:
12246:
12036:
11931:
11764:
11749:
11600:
11140:
10268:
10050:
9978:
9973:
9951:
9529:
9254:
9076:
8870:
8855:
8818:
8235:
8181:
by Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff Amazonian Indigenous peoples and ecology
5461:
5283:
Reflections on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
4855:
4433:
4164:
4153:
4097:
4081:
3961:
3886:
3856:
3720:
3618:
3610:
3463:
3393:
3240:
2912:
2835:
2663:
2250:
or the neoshamanic movement. It has affected the development of many
1987:
1962:
1667:
1627:
1492:
1020:
922:
908:
839:
804:
784:
765:
750:
295:
116:
76:
11372:
9824:
8172:
7844:, New Series, Vol. 63, No. 5, Part 1. (Oct. 1961), pp. 1088â90.
7666:
The roots Seekers: Shamanism and Ethnicity Among the Mongol Buryats.
5425:
Ellingson, Ter (January 16, 2001), "The Ecologically Noble Savage",
4438:
2741:
anthropologists as outside observers of the ancient religion of the
2437:
2271:
1104:
320:
12180:
12031:
11926:
11874:
11806:
11662:
11610:
11499:
11073:
11004:
10859:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
10782:
10525:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
10343:
10225:
10143:
9983:
9946:
9762:
9596:
9586:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9013:
8860:
8776:
8744:
8657:
8649:
8340:
8315:
8283:
8278:
7412:
Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian)
7243:. Ălet Ă©s TudomĂĄny KiskönyvtĂĄr (in Hungarian). Budapest: Gondolat.
6991:
5041:, Bollingen Series LXXVI, Princeton University Press 1972, pp. 3â7.
4331:
4263:
4116:
4112:
4096:, predating all organized religions, and certainly as early as the
3698:
3328:
2364:
2346:
1940:
1848:
1687:
1141:
991:
942:
932:
898:
893:
888:
876:
799:
730:
723:
711:
330:
290:
285:
11731:
10879:
9782:
7849:
Carlos Castaneda: Academic Opportunism and the Psychedelic Sixties
7725:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Universitas KönyvkiadĂł. pp. 41â45.
7263:(in Hungarian) (1st reprint ed.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
7238:
6990:
Omnividence: A word created by Edwin A. Abbott in his book titled
4396:
12056:
12051:
12026:
11991:
11966:
11911:
11754:
11726:
11714:
11657:
10910:
10328:
10258:
10148:
9909:
9884:
8845:
8756:
8677:
8667:
8310:
8263:
7919:
The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion
7737:
The chapter discusses the etymology and meaning of word "shaman".
7378:(in Hungarian). Budapest: SzĂ©phalom KönyvmƱhely. pp. 40â45.
6947:
6945:
6610:
5848:
5205:
4851:
4297:
4234:
4182:
4133:
3971:
3911:
3676:
3585:
3493:
3317:
3255:
2847:
2812:
2791:
2746:
2679:
2453:
2413:
2409:
2233:
2032:
1950:
1915:
1905:
1647:
1032:
1013:
969:
864:
755:
81:
59:
51:
7723:
VilĂĄgnak kezdetĂ©tĆl fogva. TörtĂ©neti folklorisztikai tanulmĂĄnyok
7580:
The chapter means "Northern Samoyedic peoples", the title means
6183:
Shamanism : the neural ecology of consciousness and healing
3679:
management, actively restricting hunting and fishing. Among the
12145:
12061:
12041:
12021:
11719:
11684:
11625:
11053:
11048:
10338:
10293:
10263:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10118:
10101:
10096:
10023:
8915:
8808:
8687:
8007:
The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and Western Imagination.
7993:
Shamanism in Siberia: Russian Records of Siberian Spirituality.
7648:. It describes the life of Chuonnasuan, the last shaman of the
7086:
4859:
4748:
4428:
4376:
4351:
4222:
4213:
4157:
4006:
3966:
3743:
3606:
3499:
3362:
3354:
3191:
2920:
2671:
2667:
2229:
2195:
2120:
1945:
1900:
1567:
952:
706:
691:
671:
325:
186:
166:
86:
7921:, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1995.
7464:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2007c). "Eco-Animism of Siberian Shamanhood".
6942:
3451:, who was one of the last shamans among the Tungus peoples in
12251:
12221:
12190:
12101:
12083:
12016:
12011:
11896:
11694:
11647:
11605:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
10965:
10868:
10308:
10303:
10283:
10273:
10200:
10111:
10106:
10055:
9963:
9941:
9936:
9867:
8692:
8245:
6609:"Earliest known shaman grave site found: study", reported by
5125:Ătudes Mongoles et Siberiennes, Centrasiatiques et TibĂ©taines
4356:
4326:
4285:, they are regularly overwhelmed with inquiries by and about
4218:
4206:
Decline and revitalization and tradition-preserving movements
3896:
3693:
3579:
3488:
3350:
3346:
3332:
3262:
3251:
3246:
2970:
2907:, and involves belief that shamans, with a connection to the
2879:
2831:
2579:
2420:, who reported his stay and journeys among the Tungusic- and
2412:. It is found in the memoirs of the exiled Russian churchman
1997:
1972:
1853:
1403:
927:
915:
651:
310:
300:
226:
7172:
A kultĂșra arcai. Mozaikok a kulturĂĄlis antropolĂłgia köreibĆl
5341:"Mongolia's Lost Secrets in Pictures: The Last Tuvan Shaman"
4522:
44:
12226:
12068:
11901:
11784:
11699:
11642:
10298:
10230:
9998:
9956:
8273:
4792:, London 1698; see Laufer B., "Origin of the Word Shaman,"
4221:, 2005. Attempts are being made to preserve and revitalize
4149:
4072:
3558:
3533:
3223:
3212:
2827:
2651:
2645:
2622:
2585:
1982:
1836:
656:
315:
8148:
7743:
Shamanism: The neural ecology of consciousness and healing
7223:. The Magazine for Traditional Music Throughout the World.
4631:
Shamans: Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination
3194:
inducing techniques to incite visionary ecstasy and go on
3187:
The shaman can treat sickness caused by malevolent spirits
2682:. The word "shaman" probably originates from the Tungusic
2642:
2613:
2576:
2254:
practices, as well as faced a backlash and accusations of
2228:
Westerners involved in countercultural movements, such as
19:"Shaman" and "Shamans" redirect here. For other uses, see
12078:
12073:
12006:
12001:
11637:
8355:
7812:
1959; reprint, New York and London: Penguin Books, 1976.
7445:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2007b). "Is Shamanism a Folk Religion?".
7174:. TĂRStudomĂĄny (in Hungarian). Budapest: NapvilĂĄg KiadĂł.
6214:
Winkelman, Michael. "Shamanism and cognitive evolution".
4896:(in Hungarian). Budapest: MolnĂĄr KiadĂł. pp. 117â34.
3735:
3702:(shamans) fetch the souls of game from remote places, or
3692:
have ecological concerns related to shamanism. Among the
3358:
2616:
770:
4894:
Csodaszarvas. ĆstörtĂ©net, vallĂĄs Ă©s nĂ©phagyomĂĄny. Vol. I
3751:
2326:
2308:
6702:
6136:"Shamanism and Its Emancipatory Power for Korean Women"
5855:
Field Museum of Natural History: Anthropological Series
4830:
Chadwick, Hector Munro; Chadwick, Nora Kershaw (1968).
3577:
in the Philippines renewing an offering to the spirit (
1935:
8184:
7319:. Cleveland âą New York: The World Publishing Company.
4143:
4053:
important but uncontrollable outcomes. Citing work on
3226:, throw bones, and sometimes foretell of future events
2178:
is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (
7831:
The Don Juan Papers: Further Castaneda Controversies.
2749:, as well as those of the neighbouring Tungusic- and
2654:
2625:
2597:
2588:
8161:
Shamanism and the Image of the Teutonic Deity, ĂĂ°inn
7824:
The Way of the Shaman: A Guide to Power and Healing,
7336:
UrĂĄli nĂ©pek. Nyelvrokonaink kultĂșrĂĄja Ă©s hagyomĂĄnyai
5429:, University of California Press, pp. 342â358,
5082:, abstract online in second half of second paragraph
5044:
3200:
The shaman's spirit can leave the body to enter the
2209:
into the physical world for the purpose of healing,
6981:: 76 (Chpt 3 about obtaining shamanic capabilities)
6912:
6748:
6746:
6744:
5312:
4708:
4706:
3621:, preserving traditions by storytelling and songs,
3506:
2648:
2639:
2619:
2610:
2582:
2573:
8043:
7721:Voigt, MiklĂłs (2000). "SĂĄmĂĄn â a szĂł Ă©s Ă©rtelme".
7514:
7491:
7482:Janhunen, Juha. Siberian shamanistic terminology.
7303:Waiwai. Religion and society of an Amazonian tribe
7286:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
7083:HoppĂĄl 2005: 111, 117â19, 128, 132, 133â34, 252â63
6837:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6779:
6633:
6631:
6453:
4188:
4104:(c. 30,000 BP) in what is now the Czech Republic.
3706:to ask for game from mythological beings like the
8142:of Northeast China, by Richard Noll and Kun Shi (
7557:Popular beliefs and folklore tradition in Siberia
6838:ScheperâHughes, Nancy; Lock, Margaret M. (1987).
6719:
6717:
4968:Juha Janhunen, Siberian shamanistic terminology,
4651:Juha Janhunan, Siberian shamanistic terminology,
4092:Shamanic practices may originate as early as the
2388:
2382:
12299:
7593:Inuit Games and Songs / Chants et Jeux des Inuit
6741:
5596:
5594:
4829:
4759:Written before 1676, first printed in 1861; see
4703:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
3181:The shaman can communicate with the spirit world
2807:. Part of this criticism involves the notion of
2557:would more accurately be translated as "priest".
2480:, which is not an actual Tungus term but simply
2317:â possibly from the southwestern dialect of the
7535:
6791:
6628:
6623:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5550:
5548:
5211:
4523:Mircea Eliade; Vilmos DiĂłszegi (May 12, 2020).
3254:items such as rocks with special powers and an
2240:practices influenced by their ideas of various
10382:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
8082:
7867:International Society for Shamanistic Research
7833:Santa Barbara, California: Ross-Erikson, 1980.
7278:
6714:
6010:
6008:
5601:Swancutt, Katherine; Mazard, Mireille (2018).
5600:
2400:
2372:
2350:
2321:spoken by the Sym Evenki peoples, or from the
11328:The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
10895:
10469:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
9678:
8206:
8157:by Tatyana Sem, Russian Museum of Ethnography
7370:The title means "Shamans, souls and symbols".
7261:A såmånhit emlékei a magyar népi mƱveltségben
7005:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6118:
5991:
5989:
5591:
5391:
4952:"Definition of Shaman by Oxford Dictionaries"
4561:
4107:Sanskrit scholar and comparative mythologist
4033:
3218:The shaman can perform other varied forms of
3151:
2394:
2296:
2152:
1065:
7995:Dordrech and Boston: Kluwer/Springer, 2003.
6972:
6099:
5883:
5881:
5631:
5545:
5474:
5091:HoppĂĄl & SzathmĂĄri & TakĂĄcs 2006: 14
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4115:" type (of circa 65,000 years ago) and the "
3261:Such practices are presumably very ancient.
2213:, or to aid human beings in some other way.
8019:
7861:Ă
ke Hultkrantz (Honorary Editor in Chief):
7599:, Faculty of Music, University of Montreal.
7554:
7398:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
6104:. Berlin: LIT Verlag MĂŒnster. p. 206.
6005:
5895:
5893:
5581:
4878:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
3291:
3274:Belief in witchcraft and sorcery, known as
10902:
10888:
9685:
9671:
8220:
8213:
8199:
7965:Wayward Shamans: the prehistory of an idea
7512:
7489:
7139:
6652:
6517:. The Ecologist, Vol. 29 No. 4, July 1999.
5986:
5938:
5849:Fay-Cooper Cole & Albert Gale (1922).
5186:
4593:
4579:. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
4040:
4026:
3783:
3597:or dimension. Most shamans have dreams or
3435:
3158:
3144:
2950:
2737:The term "shamanism" was first applied by
2159:
2145:
1228:Association for Research and Enlightenment
1072:
1058:
9612:Relationship between religion and science
8009:New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
7875:New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
7740:
7358:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Helikon KiadĂł.
7338:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Corvina KiadĂł.
7214:
7189:
6984:
6802:
6479:
6248:
6180:
6086:
6084:
5878:
5673:
5605:. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 102.
5435:10.1525/california/9780520222687.003.0023
5424:
5365:
5136:
5075:
5073:
4891:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4462:
2803:criticizes the term "shaman" in her book
9692:
7967:, University of California Press, 2013.
7657:Spirit Possession in the Nepal Himalayas
7309:
7258:
7236:
7227:
7059:
6560:
6556:
6554:
6526:
6454:Watson-Jones, Rachel E.; Legare (2018).
6410:
5890:
5869:
5533:
5509:
5151:
5050:
5039:Shamanism, Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy
5033:
5031:
5029:
4664:
4212:
4073:Ecological approaches and systems theory
3734:
3564:
3545:
3513:
2790:
2780:
2503:
2270:
580:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
7484:Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne,
7424:
7159:
7050:
6963:
5790:
5731:
5729:
5455:
5453:
5118:
4981:
4300:communities than traditional cultures.
4177:Armin Geertz coined and introduced the
3184:Spirits can be benevolent or malevolent
12300:
10788:List of people executed for witchcraft
8538:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
8138:(Meng Jin Fu), The Last Shaman of the
7810:The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology.
7760:
7373:
7353:
7169:
6996:
6666:
6275:
6081:
6045:
6029:
6027:
5920:
5563:
5070:
4946:
4944:
4873:
4730:
4685:
4653:Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne
4628:
4552:
4303:
2472:A female shaman is sometimes called a
2331:, meaning "to know". However, Finnish
11256:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
10883:
10757:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
9666:
8194:
7720:
7674:"The cultural evolution of shamanism"
7671:
7429:. Budapest: Gondolat. pp. 9â25.
7333:
7103:"The Plastic Medicine People Circle."
6933:
6675:
6551:
6504:
6367:
6341:
6294:
6213:
5738:
5646:
5479:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
5051:Belcourt, Billy-Ray (July 19, 2018).
5026:
4574:
4478:"The cultural evolution of shamanism"
4475:
4279:Native Americans in the United States
4087:
3752:Cognitive and evolutionary approaches
7826:Harper & Row Publishers, NY 1980
7745:. Westport, CT: Bergen & Gavey.
7629:éććźæçĄç©¶ (Journal of Korean Religions)
7563:
7300:
7041:
6803:Joralemon, Donald (March 16, 2017).
6725:Nature worship in Siberian shamanism
5842:
5726:
5694:
5450:
4986:. Farnham: Ashgate. pp. 73â79.
4836:. The University Press. p. 13.
4800:London: Routledge, 2002, pp. 7â40. (
4119:" type (of circa 40,000 years ago).
3683:, a sophisticated system exists for
3670:
269:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
10909:
7587:
7126:"Pseudo Shamans Cherokee Statement"
7118:
6567:Britannica online encyclopedia 2008
6456:"The social functions of shamanism"
6133:
6024:
5366:Jardine, Bradley; Kupfer, Matthew.
4941:
4798:The Rise and Fall of the Afterlife,
4144:Semiotic and hermeneutic approaches
3238:Peruvian Amazon Basin, shamans and
3207:The shaman evokes animal images as
2307:, which itself comes from the word
13:
12217:LGBT themes in speculative fiction
11543:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien
10854:Left-hand path and right-hand path
10429:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
8149:New Age Frauds and Plastic Shamans
7798:
5578:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 7, 19â21
3685:environmental resources management
3477:
3399:
2198:. The goal of this is usually to
399:Archaeology of religion and ritual
43:
14:
12344:
8123:
7982:Shamanism and proto-consciousness
7668:Yokohama, Japan: Shumpusha, 2014.
6278:"The mystery of the medicine man"
5674:Buenaflor, Erika (May 28, 2019).
5459:
4557:. Berlin: Lit Verlag Dr. W. Hopf.
3730:
3426:Sound mimesis in various cultures
2664:benevolent and malevolent spirits
1298:Chiropractic treatment techniques
12282:
12281:
12271:
9647:
9646:
9636:
8020:Chongho Kim (January 18, 2018),
7953:, U. of New Mexico Press, 1992.
7851:, Millennia Press, Canada, 1993
7536:Kleivan, Inge; B. Sonne (1985).
7447:Shamans and Traditions (Vol. 13)
7095:
7077:
7068:
7032:
7023:
7014:
6954:
6906:
6897:
6888:
6879:
6870:
6831:
6770:
6758:
6729:
6693:
6684:
6640:
6603:
6594:
6585:
6520:
6216:Cambridge Archaeological Journal
5559:. Russian Museum of Ethnography.
5464:. National Geographic Adventure.
4820:Tomaskova, 2013, 76â78, 104â105.
3507:Items used in spiritual practice
3410:Imitation of sounds in shamanism
3380:Generally, shamans traverse the
2635:
2606:
2569:
2244:, creating what has been termed
2101:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
1103:
12272:
11227:Ballantine Adult Fantasy series
7678:Behavioral & Brain Sciences
7466:Shamans and Traditions (Vol 13)
6447:
6404:
6361:
6335:
6288:
6269:
6242:
6207:
6174:
6127:
6100:Oelschlaegel, Anett C. (2016).
6093:
6072:
6063:
6054:
6036:
5965:
5956:
5947:
5929:
5911:
5902:
5833:
5824:
5784:
5768:
5759:
5667:
5647:McCoy, V. R. (March 30, 2018).
5640:
5619:
5572:
5554:
5521:
5468:
5418:
5385:
5359:
5333:
5306:
5274:
5249:
5224:
5180:
5145:
5112:
5103:
5094:
5085:
5000:
4984:Shamanism, Discourse, Modernity
4975:
4962:
4923:
4911:
4867:
4823:
4814:
4778:
4766:
4753:
4742:
4724:
4715:
4189:Medical anthropology approaches
3812:Psychological theories of magic
2192:altered states of consciousness
1137:Alternative veterinary medicine
112:Evolutionary origin of religion
10552:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
10413:Summis desiderantes affectibus
8169:â photographs by Standa Krupar
7889:2000. London: Waveland Press.
7490:Hugh-Jones, Christine (1980).
6844:Medical Anthropology Quarterly
6806:Exploring Medical Anthropology
6263:10.1525/eth.1986.14.2.02a00040
5368:"Welcome to the Tuva Republic"
4665:Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1996).
4658:
4645:
4622:
4610:
4546:
4516:
2666:, who typically enters into a
2499:
2261:
1760:Water fluoridation controversy
1716:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
267:Treatise on the Apparitions of
1:
8099:10.1525/AA.1996.98.3.02A00060
7938:. Columbia University Press,
7538:Eskimos: Greenland and Canada
7255:The title means: "Shamanism".
6856:10.1525/maq.1987.1.1.02a00020
6460:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6413:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6370:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6342:Singh, Manvir (May 2, 2019).
6301:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6019:online: Internet Archive copy
6000:online: Internet Archive copy
5779:online: Internet Archive copy
4482:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
4450:
2811:. This includes criticism of
2426:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
2131:Wilson's temperature syndrome
2116:Multiple chemical sensitivity
1243:Biological terrain assessment
717:Traditional African religions
262:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
10557:accusations against children
10453:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
9577:Desacralization of knowledge
7932:Smith, Frederick M. (2006).
7559:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
7513:Hugh-Jones, Stephen (1980).
6124:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 24
6102:Plural World Interpretations
5839:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 25
5427:The Myth of the Noble Savage
5291:10.5040/9781472565358.ch-005
5166:10.1080/14631369.2014.939331
4786:Driejaarige Reize naar China
4749:https://gandhari.org/1áčŁamana
4738:. Arkana Books. p. 495.
4455:
4444:Spirit (supernatural entity)
3713:
2822:Kehoe is highly critical of
2521:the practice is controlled.
2266:
7:
11245:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
8989:Best of all possible worlds
8946:Eschatological verification
8503:Fine-tuning of the universe
7741:Winkelman, Michael (2000).
7616:
7463:
7444:
7356:Såmånok, lelkek és jelképek
6785:
6752:
6735:
6708:
6681:HoppĂĄl 2005: 13â15, 58, 197
6181:Winkelman, Michael (2000).
6014:
5995:
5774:
5625:
5396:. UNIV OF MINNESOTA Press.
5191:. Leiden: Global Oriental.
5187:Hangartner, Judith (2011).
4314:
4310:Regional forms of shamanism
3557:ritual involving children,
3369:
3204:world to search for answers
2401:
2357:
2303:
1792:Alternative medical systems
1421:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
1187:Fringe medicine and science
10:
12349:
10477:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
8179:A View from the Headwaters
8144:Internet Archive copy from
7951:Time and the Highland Maya
7770:Social Science Information
7393:
7259:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1998) .
7152:
6978:
6764:
6646:
6515:A View from the Headwaters
6134:Lee, Jonghyun (May 2009).
6078:Kleivan & Sonne: 27â28
5796:Shaman: The Wounded Healer
5557:"Shamanic Healing Rituals"
5539:
5527:
5515:
4917:
4788:, Amsterdam 1698; transl.
4772:
4760:
4616:
4575:Kehoe, Alice Beck (2000).
4307:
4275:Sakha people and Tuvans).
3403:
3373:
3295:
3244:use medicine songs called
3174:(1972) are the following:
3128:in the early modern period
2926:
2894:
2784:
1802:Biologically based therapy
1362:Dental amalgam controversy
18:
12267:
12173:
12092:
11982:
11820:
11740:
11569:
11560:
11490:
11481:
11390:
11358:
11296:
11283:List of story collections
11212:
11168:
11161:
11124:Occult detective fictionâ
10945:
10917:
10821:
10800:
10765:
10749:
10707:
10656:
10625:
10594:
10585:
10542:
10535:
10509:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
10372:
10249:
10089:
9902:
9835:
9711:
9704:
9632:
9564:
9468:
9353:
9273:
9208:
9130:
9037:
9022:
8974:
8936:
8648:
8573:
8448:
8439:
8369:
8306:
8297:
8228:
7690:10.1017/S0140525X17001893
7237:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1962).
7228:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1968).
7215:DeschĂȘnes, Bruno (2002).
7113:Sonoma Free County Press.
6927:10.1215/00141801-2006-001
6809:(4 ed.). Routledge.
6529:"Shamanism in Prehistory"
6511:Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff
6472:10.1017/S0140525X17002199
6425:10.1017/S0140525X17002084
6382:10.1017/S0140525X17002023
6313:10.1017/S0140525X17002230
6228:10.1017/S0959774302000045
5327:10.1215/00141801-2006-001
5285:, Hart Publishing, 2011,
5257:"Definition of Shamanism"
4494:10.1017/S0140525X17001893
4078:Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff
3583:) of a warrior's shield (
2564:Oxford English Dictionary
2395:
2351:
2297:
2224:In the 20th century, non-
1426:Facilitated communication
795:Armenian Apostolic Church
12313:Anthropology of religion
11548:World Fantasy Convention
10839:Christian views on magic
10517:The Discovery of Witches
10389:Directorium Inquisitorum
9218:Friedrich Schleiermacher
8804:Theories about religions
8606:Inconsistent revelations
8155:Shamanic Healing Rituals
7782:10.1177/0539018410391044
7761:Witzel, Michael (2011).
7190:Czaplicka, M.A. (1914).
6152:10.1177/0886109909331756
5650:Shaman-the Dawn's People
5214:Rocznik Orientalistyczny
4982:Alberts, Thomas (2015).
4833:The Growth of Literature
4794:American Anthropologist,
4671:. Blackwell Publishers.
4553:Gredig, Florian (2009).
4392:Reincarnation (Ho-Chunk)
3947:Christian views on magic
3541:
3292:Soul and spirit concepts
2484:plus the Russian suffix
2091:Candida hypersensitivity
1273:Fake COVID-19 treatments
1087:This article is part of
687:Native American religion
342:Revitalization movements
197:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
37:Anthropology of religion
11616:Fire-breathing monsters
10445:De praestigiis daemonum
10397:De maleficis mulieribus
8086:American Anthropologist
7842:American Anthropologist
7394:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2005).
7354:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (1994).
7160:BarĂŒske, Heinz (1969).
6185:. Bergin & Garvey.
5998:: 10, footnote 10 (see
5830:BarĂŒske 1969: 24, 50â51
5236:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
5119:Rydving, Hakan (2011).
4874:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2005).
4790:A Journal of an Ambassy
4629:Hutton, Ronald (2001).
4555:Finding New Cosmologies
4529:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4055:the psychology of magic
3436:Initiation and learning
3325:Scarcity of hunted game
2389:
2383:
2373:
2327:
2309:
2186:) interacting with the
1765:COVID-19 misinformation
1693:Young blood transfusion
1573:Orthomolecular medicine
1538:Mindâbody interventions
1208:Anthroposophic medicine
1148:Rise of modern medicine
601:The Journal of Religion
222:Theories about religion
21:Shaman (disambiguation)
11367:Dungeons & Dragons
10501:Compendium Maleficarum
10493:Magical Investigations
10384:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
9082:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
8222:Philosophy of religion
7904:In the Shadow of Crows
7838:"Shamans as Neurotics"
7829:Richard de Mille, ed.
7672:Singh, Manvir (2018).
7217:"Inuit Throat-Singing"
7170:BoglĂĄr, Lajos (2001).
6563:"Prehistoric religion"
6295:Singh, Manvir (2018).
6276:Reuell, Peter (2018).
6033:Reichel-Dolmatoff 1997
5746:"Inuit Throat-Singing"
5680:. Simon and Schuster.
5392:KING, THOMAS. (2018).
5232:"Shamanism | religion"
5053:"Fatal Naming Rituals"
5008:"Fatal Naming Rituals"
4476:Singh, Manvir (2018).
4226:
3748:
3590:
3562:
3525:
3392:or through the use of
3190:The shaman can employ
2809:cultural appropriation
2796:
2524:The English historian
2517:
2486:
2467:Christian missionaries
2430:Noord en Oost Tataryen
2280:
2256:cultural appropriation
1797:Mindâbody intervention
1748:MMR vaccine and autism
1738:Vaccine misinformation
1633:Rapid prompting method
647:Alaska Native religion
642:Afro-American religion
237:Veneration of the dead
48:
11433:International Fantasy
10124:Cloak of invisibility
9880:Solitary practitioner
9793:Witch-cult hypothesis
9617:Faith and rationality
9572:Criticism of religion
9510:Robert Merrihew Adams
9500:Nicholas Wolterstorff
8703:Divine command theory
8030:10.4324/9781315198156
7900:David Charles Manners
7589:Nattiez, Jean Jacques
7145:Vitebsky 1996: 150â53
7115:Accessed 31 Jan 2013.
6815:10.4324/9781315470610
6663:HoppĂĄl 2005: 25â26,43
5765:Turner et al., p. 440
5485:10.1215/9780822385837
4931:"Circle of Tengerism"
4402:Shaking Tent Ceremony
4259:shamanism among Inuit
4216:
4136:and belonging to the
4102:Upper Paleolithic era
3738:
3568:
3549:
3521:shaman priest in his
3517:
3215:, and message-bearers
3118:Witch-cult hypothesis
3113:Witch as an archetype
2794:
2785:Further information:
2781:Criticism of the term
2507:
2444:to English speakers.
2274:
2126:Vertebral subluxation
2075:Alternative diagnoses
1663:Thought Field Therapy
1303:Vertebral subluxation
1048:cultural anthropology
667:Chinese folk religion
559:Anthony F. C. Wallace
554:Daniel Martin Varisco
479:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
381:of the Religious Life
47:
12333:Supernatural healing
12237:Supernatural fiction
11314:Fantastic Adventures
10844:Magical organization
10359:Witches of Benevento
9607:Religious philosophy
9087:Pico della Mirandola
9052:Anselm of Canterbury
8984:Augustinian theodicy
8896:Religious skepticism
8229:Concepts in religion
8167:Shamanism in Siberia
7847:Jay Courtney Fikes,
7301:Fock, Niels (1963).
7002:DiĂłszegi 1960: 88â89
6969:DiĂłszegi 1960: 37â39
6617:, November 4, 2008,
4937:on January 26, 2013.
4599:Wernitznig, Dagmar,
4387:Prehistoric medicine
4002:Magical organization
3655:The assistant of an
3430:Inuit throat singing
2844:spirit communication
2551:Indigenous religions
2461:. She suggests that
2387:, in Tocharian B as
2242:Indigenous religions
2096:Chronic Lyme disease
1825:Traditional medicine
1807:Manipulative methods
1608:Postural Integration
1471:Bach flower remedies
1347:Craniosacral therapy
1175:Therapeutic nihilism
1120:Alternative medicine
1097:Alternative medicine
702:Shamanism in Siberia
549:Edward Burnett Tylor
379:The Elementary Forms
147:Magic (supernatural)
97:Comparative religion
11538:Tolkien's influence
11251:Fantasy Masterworks
11204:Television programs
11012:Fairy tale parodies
10461:Newes from Scotland
10421:Malleus Maleficarum
9798:Anglo-Saxon England
9592:History of religion
9293:Friedrich Nietzsche
9170:Gottfried W Leibniz
9165:Nicolas Malebranche
9097:King James VI and I
8377:Abrahamic religions
7946:. pp. 195â202.
7652:of Northeast China.
7620:; Shi, Kun (2004).
7609:website curated by
7427:SĂĄmĂĄnok Ă©s kultĂșrĂĄk
7396:SĂĄmĂĄnok EurĂĄzsiĂĄban
7376:Folklór és közösség
7316:Book of the Eskimos
7280:Fienup-Riordan, Ann
7092:HoppĂĄl 2005: 257â58
6533:Bradshaw foundation
6015:Noll & Shi 2004
5996:Noll & Shi 2004
5800:Thames & Hudson
5775:Noll & Shi 2004
5261:Merriam-Webster.com
5138:10.4000/emscat.1815
4876:SĂĄmĂĄnok EurĂĄzsiĂĄban
4721:Januhnan, 1986: 98.
4304:Regional variations
4217:A shaman doctor of
4012:Western esotericism
2852:Abrahamic religions
2799:The anthropologist
2770:supernatural realms
1743:Vaccines and autism
1733:Anti-vaccinationism
1726:OPV AIDS hypothesis
1528:Megavitamin therapy
1441:Functional medicine
1218:Applied kinesiology
1114:General information
884:Hindu denominations
825:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
594:The Hibbert Journal
504:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
489:Fustel de Coulanges
31:Part of a series on
12328:Spiritual practice
12318:Indigenous culture
11760:Damsel in distress
11528:Mythopoeic Society
11129:Paranormal romance
11044:Historical fantasy
11029:Fantasy of manners
10983:Children's fantasy
10813:Witches in fiction
10801:In popular culture
10375:historic treatises
9602:Religious language
9582:Ethics in religion
9540:William Lane Craig
9415:Charles Hartshorne
9155:Desiderius Erasmus
9057:Augustine of Hippo
8999:Inconsistent triad
8961:Apophatic theology
8956:Logical positivism
8938:Religious language
8558:Watchmaker analogy
8523:Necessary existent
8299:Conceptions of God
8259:Intelligent design
7991:Andrei Znamenski,
7963:Silvia TomĂĄĆĄkovĂĄ,
7486:1986, 194: 97â117.
7417:2010-01-02 at the
7221:Musical Traditions
7108:2013-03-05 at the
6960:BoglĂĄr 2001: 19â20
6069:Vitebsky 1996: 108
6042:Vitebsky 1996: 107
5962:HoppĂĄl 2005: 87â95
5953:HoppĂĄl 2005: 61â64
5935:HoppĂĄl 2005: 34â35
5917:HoppĂĄl 2005: 28â33
5908:HoppĂĄl 2005: 27â28
4807:2013-12-02 at the
4287:fraudulent shamans
4227:
4173:"grammar of mind."
4088:Historical origins
3942:Magic and religion
3807:Magic and religion
3749:
3625:, and acting as a
3591:
3563:
3561:, Indonesia (1920)
3526:
3103:Magic and religion
2797:
2518:
2436:, a merchant from
2393:and in Chinese as
2281:
2207:spiritual energies
2111:Leaky gut syndrome
2086:Aerotoxic syndrome
2023:Prophetic medicine
1721:HIV/AIDS denialism
1548:Myofascial release
1456:Holistic dentistry
1436:Feldenkrais Method
1416:Estrogen dominance
1342:Conversion therapy
938:Non-denominational
850:Oriental Orthodoxy
404:Poles in mythology
137:Laying on of hands
49:
16:Religious practice
12295:
12294:
12169:
12168:
12094:Places and events
11556:
11555:
11386:
11385:
11107:Planetary romance
11018:Fairytale fantasy
10973:Alternate history
10961:Sword and sorcery
10952:Action-adventure
10877:
10876:
10834:Witch (archetype)
10796:
10795:
10745:
10744:
10071:Sympathetic magic
9898:
9897:
9660:
9659:
9560:
9559:
9520:Peter van Inwagen
9505:Richard Swinburne
9450:George I Mavrodes
9310:Vladimir Solovyov
9250:SĂžren Kierkegaard
9175:William Wollaston
9122:William of Ockham
9102:Marcion of Sinope
9004:Irenaean theodicy
8994:Euthyphro dilemma
8921:Transcendentalism
8750:Womanist theology
8740:Feminist theology
8644:
8643:
8435:
8434:
8321:Divine simplicity
8241:Euthyphro dilemma
8163:by A. Asbjorn Jon
8015:978-0-1951-7231-7
8005:Andrei Znamenski,
8001:978-1-4020-1740-7
7973:978-0-520-27532-4
7959:978-0-8263-1358-4
7949:Barbara Tedlock,
7944:978-0-231-13748-5
7927:978-0-7914-2315-8
7917:Jordan D. Paper,
7912:978-1-904955-92-4
7895:978-1-57766-162-7
7881:978-0-19-516115-1
7865:. Journal of the
7857:978-0-9696960-0-1
7836:George Devereux,
7822:Harner, Michael,
7818:978-0-14-019443-2
7752:978-963-9104-39-6
7732:978-963-9104-39-6
7638:on March 26, 2009
7611:Jerome Rothenberg
7597:Musical Semiotics
7582:Finno-Ugric guide
7575:978-963-243-813-9
7547:978-90-04-07160-5
7528:978-0-521-21952-5
7505:978-0-521-22544-1
7475:978-963-05-8521-7
7456:978-963-05-8521-7
7436:978-963-9450-28-8
7405:978-963-05-8295-7
7385:978-963-9028-14-2
7365:978-963-208-298-1
7345:978-963-13-0900-3
7326:978-0-449-30802-8
7293:978-0-585-12190-1
7270:978-963-05-7542-3
7250:978-963-9147-13-3
7207:978-1-60506-060-6
7192:"Types of shaman"
7181:978-963-9082-94-6
7101:Hagan, Helene E.
6824:978-1-315-47061-0
6699:HoppĂĄl 2006b: 175
6539:on April 30, 2008
6192:978-0-89789-704-4
6111:978-3-643-90788-2
5809:978-0-500-81029-3
5687:978-1-59143-341-5
5660:978-1-7321874-0-5
5612:978-1-78533-865-6
5494:978-0-8223-3333-3
5444:978-0-520-22268-7
5403:978-1-5179-0446-3
5347:. August 21, 2014
5300:978-1-84113-878-7
5198:978-1-906876-11-1
5109:Vitebsky 1996: 11
5080:ISSR, 2001 Summer
4993:978-1-4724-3986-4
4958:on April 2, 2017.
4903:978-963-218-200-1
4885:978-963-05-8295-7
4712:DiĂłszegi 1962: 13
4678:978-1-55786-560-1
4586:978-1-57766-162-7
4372:Neuroanthropology
4171:uses the concept
4067:Nicholas Humphrey
4050:
4049:
3902:Sympathetic magic
3721:ayahuasca tourism
3671:Ecological aspect
3376:Religious ecstasy
3168:
3167:
2766:religious ecstasy
2561:According to the
2315:Tungusic language
2291:derives from the
2236:, created modern
2169:
2168:
1896:Chinese herbology
1653:Scientific racism
1618:Psychodermatology
1523:Medical intuitive
1503:Lightning Process
1461:Hologram bracelet
1409:Therapeutic touch
1310:Christian Science
1283:Cancer treatments
1082:
1081:
870:Russian Orthodoxy
820:Eastern Orthodoxy
469:Arnold van Gennep
388:Purity and Danger
12340:
12285:
12284:
12275:
12274:
12151:Enchanted forest
11795:Occult detective
11567:
11566:
11523:Lovecraft fandom
11488:
11487:
11192:highest-grossing
11166:
11165:
11153:Westâern fantasy
10904:
10897:
10890:
10881:
10880:
10808:Magic in fiction
10638:Northern Moravia
10592:
10591:
10572:Papua New Guinea
10540:
10539:
10324:Nine sorceresses
10076:Witches' Sabbath
9925:Ceremonial magic
9915:Apotropaic magic
9709:
9708:
9687:
9680:
9673:
9664:
9663:
9650:
9649:
9640:
9545:Ali Akbar Rashad
9408:Reinhold Niebuhr
9368:Bertrand Russell
9363:George Santayana
9260:Albrecht Ritschl
9245:Ludwig Feuerbach
9035:
9034:
9031:(by date active)
8891:Process theology
8636:Russell's teapot
8446:
8445:
8441:Existence of God
8351:Process theology
8304:
8303:
8289:Theological veto
8252:religious belief
8215:
8208:
8201:
8192:
8191:
8118:
8079:
8054:(1/2): 112â119.
8040:
8022:Korean Shamanism
7871:Philip Jenkins,
7793:
7767:
7756:
7736:
7709:
7663:Shimamura, Ippei
7647:
7645:
7643:
7637:
7626:
7603:available online
7601:. The songs are
7600:
7579:
7560:
7551:
7532:
7520:
7509:
7497:
7479:
7460:
7440:
7409:
7389:
7369:
7349:
7330:
7306:
7297:
7274:
7254:
7233:
7224:
7211:
7185:
7165:
7146:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7122:
7116:
7099:
7093:
7090:
7084:
7081:
7075:
7072:
7066:
7063:
7057:
7054:
7048:
7045:
7039:
7038:Merkur 1985: 134
7036:
7030:
7029:Merkur 1985: 132
7027:
7021:
7018:
7012:
7011:HoppĂĄl 2005: 224
7009:
7003:
7000:
6994:
6988:
6982:
6976:
6970:
6967:
6961:
6958:
6952:
6951:HoppĂĄl 2005: 259
6949:
6940:
6939:HoppĂĄl 2005: 117
6937:
6931:
6930:
6910:
6904:
6901:
6895:
6892:
6886:
6883:
6877:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6800:
6789:
6783:
6777:
6774:
6768:
6765:PentikÀinen 1995
6762:
6756:
6750:
6739:
6733:
6727:
6723:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly:
6721:
6712:
6706:
6700:
6697:
6691:
6690:HoppĂĄl 2006a: 11
6688:
6682:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6664:
6661:
6650:
6647:PentikÀinen 1995
6644:
6638:
6635:
6626:
6607:
6601:
6598:
6592:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6573:on April 9, 2008
6569:. Archived from
6558:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6535:. Archived from
6524:
6518:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6483:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6408:
6402:
6401:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6348:The Conversation
6339:
6333:
6332:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6211:
6205:
6204:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6131:
6125:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6097:
6091:
6088:
6079:
6076:
6070:
6067:
6061:
6058:
6052:
6049:
6043:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6022:
6012:
6003:
5993:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5945:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5918:
5915:
5909:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5888:
5885:
5876:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5831:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5788:
5782:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5714:on April 2, 2015
5713:
5707:. Archived from
5706:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5629:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5598:
5589:
5585:
5579:
5576:
5570:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5552:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5457:
5448:
5447:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5048:
5042:
5035:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4979:
4973:
4972:1986, 194: 97â98
4966:
4960:
4959:
4954:. Archived from
4948:
4939:
4938:
4933:. Archived from
4927:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4889:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4850:, 'shamaness', '
4827:
4821:
4818:
4812:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4757:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4701:
4698:
4683:
4682:
4662:
4656:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4572:
4559:
4558:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4473:
4169:Juha PentikÀinen
4138:Natufian culture
4042:
4035:
4028:
3842:Ceremonial magic
3832:Apotropaic magic
3802:History of magic
3787:
3764:
3763:
3484:Ecstatic dancing
3390:autohypnotically
3256:animating spirit
3160:
3153:
3146:
2989:
2982:
2973:
2966:
2954:
2931:
2930:
2905:tribal societies
2871:
2755:ethnic religions
2732:Khanate of Kazan
2730:the shamanistic
2674:, and practices
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2478:
2477:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2376:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2330:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2238:magico-religious
2161:
2154:
2147:
1911:Gill plate trade
1673:Vaginal steaming
1320:Colloidal silver
1288:Charcoal cleanse
1107:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1067:
1060:
815:Coptic Orthodoxy
529:Marshall Sahlins
371:Related articles
28:
27:
12348:
12347:
12343:
12342:
12341:
12339:
12338:
12337:
12298:
12297:
12296:
12291:
12263:
12232:Science fiction
12165:
12088:
11978:
11885:Magical weapons
11816:
11780:Fairy godmother
11736:
11680:Talking animals
11552:
11477:
11403:British Fantasy
11382:
11354:
11335:Science Fantasy
11292:
11208:
11157:
11096:Science fantasy
10941:
10913:
10911:Fantasy fiction
10908:
10878:
10873:
10817:
10792:
10761:
10741:
10703:
10657:Northern Europe
10652:
10621:
10581:
10531:
10374:
10368:
10251:
10245:
10184:Magical weapons
10134:Flying ointment
10085:
9930:Magical formula
9894:
9831:
9778:Greece and Rome
9700:
9691:
9661:
9656:
9628:
9556:
9552:Alexander Pruss
9535:Jean-Luc Marion
9490:Alvin Plantinga
9485:Dewi Z Phillips
9472:
9470:
9464:
9435:Walter Kaufmann
9425:Frithjof Schuon
9398:Rudolf Bultmann
9355:
9349:
9345:Joseph Maréchal
9335:Pavel Florensky
9330:Sergei Bulgakov
9315:Ernst Troeltsch
9298:Harald HĂžffding
9275:
9269:
9240:William Whewell
9228:Georg W F Hegel
9223:Karl C F Krause
9210:
9204:
9200:Johann G Herder
9190:Baron d'Holbach
9140:Augustin Calmet
9126:
9042:
9030:
9029:
9026:
9018:
8976:Problem of evil
8970:
8966:Verificationism
8932:
8640:
8586:Atheist's Wager
8569:
8431:
8365:
8293:
8269:Problem of evil
8224:
8219:
8126:
8121:
7806:Joseph Campbell
7801:
7799:Further reading
7796:
7765:
7753:
7733:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7624:
7576:
7566:Finnugor kalauz
7548:
7529:
7506:
7476:
7457:
7437:
7419:Wayback Machine
7406:
7386:
7366:
7346:
7327:
7311:Freuchen, Peter
7294:
7271:
7251:
7208:
7182:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7140:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7123:
7119:
7110:Wayback Machine
7100:
7096:
7091:
7087:
7082:
7078:
7074:HoppĂĄl 2005: 93
7073:
7069:
7065:HoppĂĄl 2005: 88
7064:
7060:
7056:HoppĂĄl 1994: 62
7055:
7051:
7047:HoppĂĄl 2005: 92
7046:
7042:
7037:
7033:
7028:
7024:
7019:
7015:
7010:
7006:
7001:
6997:
6989:
6985:
6977:
6973:
6968:
6964:
6959:
6955:
6950:
6943:
6938:
6934:
6911:
6907:
6902:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6884:
6880:
6875:
6871:
6836:
6832:
6825:
6801:
6792:
6784:
6780:
6775:
6771:
6763:
6759:
6751:
6742:
6734:
6730:
6722:
6715:
6707:
6703:
6698:
6694:
6689:
6685:
6680:
6676:
6672:HoppĂĄl 2004: 14
6671:
6667:
6662:
6653:
6645:
6641:
6637:HoppĂĄl 2005: 14
6636:
6629:
6608:
6604:
6599:
6595:
6590:
6586:
6576:
6574:
6559:
6552:
6542:
6540:
6525:
6521:
6509:
6505:
6452:
6448:
6409:
6405:
6366:
6362:
6352:
6350:
6340:
6336:
6293:
6289:
6282:Harvard Gazette
6274:
6270:
6247:
6243:
6212:
6208:
6193:
6179:
6175:
6132:
6128:
6123:
6119:
6112:
6098:
6094:
6089:
6082:
6077:
6073:
6068:
6064:
6059:
6055:
6051:BoglĂĄr 2001: 26
6050:
6046:
6041:
6037:
6032:
6025:
6013:
6006:
5994:
5987:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5961:
5957:
5952:
5948:
5944:HoppĂĄl 2005: 36
5943:
5939:
5934:
5930:
5926:HoppĂĄl 2005: 37
5925:
5921:
5916:
5912:
5907:
5903:
5899:HoppĂĄl 2005: 25
5898:
5891:
5887:BoglĂĄr 2001: 24
5886:
5879:
5875:HoppĂĄl 2005: 45
5874:
5870:
5847:
5843:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5825:
5810:
5789:
5785:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5760:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5734:
5727:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5688:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5645:
5641:
5637:HoppĂĄl 2005: 99
5636:
5632:
5624:
5620:
5613:
5599:
5592:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:HoppĂĄl 2005: 27
5568:
5564:
5553:
5546:
5538:
5534:
5526:
5522:
5514:
5510:
5495:
5473:
5469:
5462:"Hell and Back"
5458:
5451:
5445:
5423:
5419:
5404:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5374:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5348:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5311:
5307:
5301:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5210:
5206:
5199:
5185:
5181:
5154:Asian Ethnicity
5150:
5146:
5117:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5100:HoppĂĄl 1998: 40
5099:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5078:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5049:
5045:
5037:Mircea Eliade,
5036:
5027:
5017:
5015:
5014:. July 19, 2018
5006:
5005:
5001:
4994:
4980:
4976:
4967:
4963:
4950:
4949:
4942:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4920:. pp. viiâviii.
4916:
4912:
4904:
4886:
4872:
4868:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4809:Wayback Machine
4783:
4779:
4771:
4767:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4743:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4704:
4700:HoppĂĄl 2005: 15
4699:
4686:
4679:
4663:
4659:
4650:
4646:
4627:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4598:
4594:
4587:
4573:
4562:
4551:
4547:
4533:
4531:
4521:
4517:
4474:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4292:There are also
4283:Cherokee Nation
4208:
4191:
4163:There are also
4146:
4090:
4075:
4046:
4017:
4016:
3997:Magical formula
3987:
3986:
3977:
3976:
3957:Islam and magic
3937:
3936:
3927:
3926:
3827:
3826:
3817:
3816:
3797:
3796:
3754:
3733:
3716:
3673:
3659:shaman (called
3623:fortune-telling
3595:spiritual world
3544:
3509:
3480:
3478:Other practices
3453:Northeast China
3445:rite of passage
3438:
3412:
3402:
3400:Music and songs
3388:trance, either
3378:
3372:
3300:
3294:
3164:
3135:
3134:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2962:
2929:
2897:
2865:
2861:Anthropologist
2789:
2783:
2684:Evenki language
2670:state during a
2638:
2634:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2572:
2568:
2502:
2475:
2474:
2418:Nicolaes Witsen
2345:noted that the
2323:Manchu language
2277:Nicolaes Witsen
2269:
2264:
2219:academic papers
2165:
2136:
2135:
2081:Adrenal fatigue
2076:
2068:
2067:
1842:Southern Africa
1827:
1817:
1816:
1787:
1785:Classifications
1777:
1776:
1753:in chiropractic
1711:
1703:
1702:
1623:Quantum healing
1613:Psychic surgery
1488:Ionized jewelry
1451:Herbal medicine
1399:Esoteric energy
1389:Energy medicine
1357:Cupping therapy
1352:Crystal healing
1325:Colon cleansing
1263:Bowen technique
1233:Auriculotherapy
1188:
1180:
1179:
1115:
1078:
1038:
1037:
830:Greek Orthodoxy
810:Catholic Church
626:
625:
614:
613:
574:
573:
564:
563:
539:Stanley Tambiah
494:Clifford Geertz
449:Joseph Campbell
434:Augustin Calmet
429:
428:
427:Major theorists
419:
418:
394:Myth and ritual
380:
373:
372:
363:
362:
268:
252:
251:
242:
241:
192:Sacred language
182:Rite of passage
107:Divine language
72:
71:
62:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12346:
12336:
12335:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12293:
12292:
12290:
12289:
12279:
12268:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12261:
12256:
12255:
12254:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12212:Horror fiction
12209:
12207:Gothic fiction
12204:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12177:
12175:
12171:
12170:
12167:
12166:
12164:
12163:
12158:
12156:Thieves' guild
12153:
12148:
12143:
12142:
12141:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12115:
12114:
12104:
12098:
12096:
12090:
12089:
12087:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12065:
12064:
12059:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11988:
11986:
11980:
11979:
11977:
11976:
11975:
11974:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11906:
11905:
11904:
11899:
11894:
11893:
11892:
11882:
11877:
11867:
11866:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11837:
11826:
11824:
11818:
11817:
11815:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11803:
11802:
11792:
11787:
11782:
11777:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11757:
11752:
11746:
11744:
11738:
11737:
11735:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11723:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11666:
11665:
11660:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11629:
11628:
11623:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11598:
11597:
11596:
11591:
11581:
11575:
11573:
11564:
11558:
11557:
11554:
11553:
11551:
11550:
11545:
11540:
11535:
11533:Tolkien fandom
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11507:
11502:
11497:
11491:
11485:
11479:
11478:
11476:
11475:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11425:
11420:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11394:
11392:
11388:
11387:
11384:
11383:
11381:
11380:
11375:
11370:
11362:
11360:
11356:
11355:
11353:
11352:
11345:
11338:
11331:
11324:
11317:
11310:
11302:
11300:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11279:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11261:List of novels
11258:
11253:
11248:
11241:
11240:
11239:
11229:
11224:
11218:
11216:
11210:
11209:
11207:
11206:
11201:
11200:
11199:
11194:
11184:
11178:
11176:
11163:
11159:
11158:
11156:
11155:
11150:
11149:
11148:
11143:
11133:
11132:
11131:
11126:
11116:
11111:
11110:
11109:
11104:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11077:
11076:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11015:
11009:
11008:
11007:
10997:
10996:
10995:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10970:
10969:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10949:
10947:
10943:
10942:
10940:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10918:
10915:
10914:
10907:
10906:
10899:
10892:
10884:
10875:
10874:
10872:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10825:
10823:
10819:
10818:
10816:
10815:
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10804:
10802:
10798:
10797:
10794:
10793:
10791:
10790:
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10769:
10767:
10763:
10762:
10760:
10759:
10753:
10751:
10747:
10746:
10743:
10742:
10740:
10739:
10738:
10737:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10711:
10709:
10708:Western Europe
10705:
10704:
10702:
10701:
10696:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10660:
10658:
10654:
10653:
10651:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10629:
10627:
10626:Eastern Europe
10623:
10622:
10620:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10598:
10596:
10589:
10583:
10582:
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10574:
10569:
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10559:
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10505:
10497:
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10481:
10473:
10465:
10457:
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10433:
10425:
10417:
10409:
10401:
10393:
10385:
10378:
10376:
10370:
10369:
10367:
10366:
10364:Witch of Endor
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10255:
10253:
10247:
10246:
10244:
10243:
10241:Witch's ladder
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10192:
10191:
10181:
10176:
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10161:
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10121:
10116:
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10058:
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9609:
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9566:
9565:Related topics
9562:
9561:
9558:
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9554:
9548:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9525:Daniel Dennett
9522:
9517:
9515:Ravi Zacharias
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9480:William L Rowe
9476:
9474:
9466:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9457:
9455:William Alston
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9411:
9410:
9405:
9403:Gabriel Marcel
9400:
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9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9359:
9357:
9351:
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9340:Ernst Cassirer
9337:
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9327:
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9317:
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9306:
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9300:
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9277:
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9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9235:Thomas Carlyle
9231:
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9206:
9205:
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9197:
9192:
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9182:
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9172:
9167:
9162:
9160:Baruch Spinoza
9157:
9152:
9147:
9145:René Descartes
9142:
9136:
9134:
9128:
9127:
9125:
9124:
9119:
9117:Thomas Aquinas
9114:
9109:
9104:
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9059:
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8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8886:Possibilianism
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8842:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8795:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8762:Fundamentalism
8759:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8747:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8730:
8723:Existentialism
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8654:
8652:
8646:
8645:
8642:
8641:
8639:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8616:Noncognitivism
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8577:
8575:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8567:
8565:Transcendental
8562:
8561:
8560:
8555:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8533:Pascal's wager
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8478:
8468:
8463:
8461:Christological
8458:
8452:
8450:
8443:
8437:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
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8373:
8371:
8367:
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8364:
8363:
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8295:
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8276:
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8266:
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8256:
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8226:
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8203:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8182:
8176:
8170:
8164:
8158:
8152:
8146:
8133:
8125:
8124:External links
8122:
8120:
8119:
8093:(3): 512â527.
8080:
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7187:
7180:
7167:
7162:Eskimo MĂ€rchen
7156:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7138:
7117:
7094:
7085:
7076:
7067:
7058:
7049:
7040:
7031:
7022:
7020:Nagy 1998: 232
7013:
7004:
6995:
6983:
6971:
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6953:
6941:
6932:
6905:
6896:
6887:
6878:
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6823:
6790:
6778:
6776:Merkur 1985: v
6769:
6757:
6740:
6728:
6713:
6701:
6692:
6683:
6674:
6665:
6651:
6639:
6627:
6602:
6593:
6584:
6561:Karl J. Narr.
6550:
6527:Jean Clottes.
6519:
6503:
6446:
6403:
6360:
6334:
6287:
6268:
6257:(2): 174â203.
6241:
6206:
6191:
6173:
6146:(2): 186â198.
6126:
6117:
6110:
6092:
6090:Merkur 1985: 3
6080:
6071:
6062:
6060:Merkur 1985: 5
6053:
6044:
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6023:
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5985:
5964:
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5659:
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5590:
5580:
5571:
5562:
5555:Sem, Tatyana.
5544:
5532:
5520:
5508:
5493:
5467:
5449:
5443:
5417:
5402:
5384:
5358:
5332:
5321:(3): 445â447.
5305:
5299:
5273:
5248:
5223:
5204:
5197:
5179:
5160:(4): 473â491.
5144:
5111:
5102:
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5069:
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5025:
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4992:
4974:
4961:
4940:
4922:
4910:
4902:
4884:
4866:
4846:feminine form
4822:
4813:
4777:
4765:
4752:
4741:
4732:Eliade, Mircea
4723:
4714:
4702:
4684:
4677:
4657:
4644:
4621:
4609:
4605:Plastic Shaman
4592:
4585:
4560:
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4515:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4446:
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4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4382:Plastic shaman
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:Divine madness
4318:
4316:
4313:
4308:Main article:
4305:
4302:
4294:neoshamanistic
4272:
4271:
4267:
4244:language shift
4207:
4204:
4190:
4187:
4145:
4142:
4109:Michael Witzel
4089:
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4074:
4071:
4048:
4047:
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4044:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4015:
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4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3985:Related topics
3984:
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3982:
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3969:
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3959:
3954:
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3804:
3798:
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3792:
3789:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3759:theory of mind
3753:
3750:
3732:
3731:Academic study
3729:
3715:
3712:
3672:
3669:
3551:South Moluccan
3543:
3540:
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3538:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3460:wounded healer
3437:
3434:
3416:natural sounds
3406:Shamanic music
3401:
3398:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3315:
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3115:
3110:
3105:
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3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3064:Related topics
3063:
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3054:
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3048:
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3038:
3033:
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2940:
2939:
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2925:
2896:
2893:
2884:Piers Vitebsky
2782:
2779:
2724:Proto-Tungusic
2559:
2558:
2547:
2536:
2533:
2514:Russian Empire
2501:
2498:
2459:Ural Mountains
2285:Modern English
2268:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
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1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Pressure point
1928:
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1918:
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1846:
1845:
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1812:Energy therapy
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1698:Zero balancing
1695:
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1683:Vision therapy
1680:
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1598:Parapsychology
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1518:Manual therapy
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1513:Magnet therapy
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1367:Detoxification
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855:Pentecostalism
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635:folk religions
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459:Ămile Durkheim
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439:Akbar S. Ahmed
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414:Elite religion
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409:Lived religion
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303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
281:
277:
276:
271:
264:
258:
257:
253:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
73:
70:Basic concepts
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
50:
40:
39:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12345:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12305:
12303:
12288:
12280:
12278:
12270:
12269:
12266:
12260:
12257:
12253:
12250:
12249:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12202:
12201:Ghost stories
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12178:
12176:
12172:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12140:
12137:
12136:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12113:
12110:
12109:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12099:
12097:
12095:
12091:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12077:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12054:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11989:
11987:
11985:
11984:Fantasy races
11981:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11957:Shapeshifting
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11909:
11907:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11891:
11888:
11887:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11872:
11871:
11868:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11845:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11832:
11831:
11830:Hard and soft
11828:
11827:
11825:
11823:
11819:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11801:
11798:
11797:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11747:
11745:
11743:
11739:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11687:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11655:
11654:
11653:Shapeshifters
11651:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11618:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11586:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11576:
11574:
11572:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11559:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11539:
11536:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11512:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11492:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11480:
11474:
11473:World Fantasy
11471:
11469:
11468:TĂ€htifantasia
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11438:Japan Fantasy
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11368:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11357:
11351:
11350:
11346:
11344:
11343:
11339:
11337:
11336:
11332:
11330:
11329:
11325:
11323:
11322:
11318:
11316:
11315:
11311:
11309:
11308:
11304:
11303:
11301:
11299:
11295:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11263:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11246:
11242:
11238:
11235:
11234:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11219:
11217:
11215:
11211:
11205:
11202:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11189:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11179:
11177:
11175:
11171:
11167:
11164:
11160:
11154:
11151:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11138:
11137:
11136:Weird fiction
11134:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11121:
11120:
11119:Urban fantasy
11117:
11115:
11112:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11075:
11072:
11071:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11019:
11016:
11013:
11010:
11006:
11003:
11002:
11001:
10998:
10994:
10991:
10990:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10974:
10971:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10953:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10944:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10919:
10916:
10912:
10905:
10900:
10898:
10893:
10891:
10886:
10885:
10882:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10864:Folk religion
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10826:
10824:
10820:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10805:
10803:
10799:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10770:
10768:
10764:
10758:
10755:
10754:
10752:
10748:
10736:
10733:
10732:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10712:
10710:
10706:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10661:
10659:
10655:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10630:
10628:
10624:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10599:
10597:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10584:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10545:
10541:
10538:
10534:
10527:
10526:
10522:
10519:
10518:
10514:
10511:
10510:
10506:
10503:
10502:
10498:
10495:
10494:
10490:
10487:
10486:
10482:
10479:
10478:
10474:
10471:
10470:
10466:
10463:
10462:
10458:
10455:
10454:
10450:
10447:
10446:
10442:
10439:
10438:
10434:
10431:
10430:
10426:
10423:
10422:
10418:
10415:
10414:
10410:
10407:
10406:
10402:
10399:
10398:
10394:
10391:
10390:
10386:
10383:
10380:
10379:
10377:
10371:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10354:Three Witches
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10314:Morgan le Fay
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10248:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10190:
10187:
10186:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10159:Kitchen witch
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10113:
10110:
10109:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10094:
10092:
10088:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10031:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9944:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9931:
9928:
9927:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9907:
9905:
9901:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9869:
9866:
9865:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9834:
9826:
9823:
9822:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9810:Latin America
9808:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9755:
9754:
9751:
9747:
9744:
9743:
9742:
9739:
9735:
9734:Witch smeller
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9721:
9720:
9717:
9716:
9714:
9710:
9707:
9703:
9699:
9695:
9688:
9683:
9681:
9676:
9674:
9669:
9668:
9665:
9653:
9645:
9643:
9639:
9635:
9634:
9631:
9625:
9624:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9563:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9495:Anthony Kenny
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9477:
9475:
9467:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9420:Mircea Eliade
9418:
9416:
9413:
9412:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9352:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9307:
9304:
9303:William James
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9283:Ernst Haeckel
9281:
9280:
9278:
9272:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9215:
9213:
9207:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9195:Immanuel Kant
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9150:Blaise Pascal
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9137:
9135:
9133:
9129:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9045:
9040:
9036:
9033:
9028:
9021:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8977:
8973:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8951:Language game
8949:
8947:
8944:
8943:
8941:
8939:
8935:
8929:
8928:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8826:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8779:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8738:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8647:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8621:Occam's razor
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8578:
8576:
8572:
8566:
8563:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8466:Consciousness
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8438:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8374:
8372:
8368:
8362:
8361:Unmoved mover
8359:
8357:
8356:Supreme Being
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8308:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8296:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8248:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8227:
8223:
8216:
8211:
8209:
8204:
8202:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8186:
8185:Samgaldai NGO
8183:
8180:
8177:
8174:
8171:
8168:
8165:
8162:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8141:
8137:
8134:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8087:
8081:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8048:
8047:CrossCurrents
8042:
8039:
8035:
8031:
8027:
8023:
8018:
8016:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7962:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7888:
7885:Alice Kehoe,
7884:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7728:
7724:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7684:: e66, 1â61.
7683:
7679:
7675:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7654:
7651:
7634:
7630:
7623:
7619:
7618:Noll, Richard
7615:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7598:
7594:
7590:
7586:
7583:
7577:
7571:
7567:
7562:
7558:
7553:
7549:
7543:
7539:
7534:
7530:
7524:
7519:
7518:
7511:
7507:
7501:
7496:
7495:
7488:
7485:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7467:
7462:
7458:
7452:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7432:
7428:
7423:
7420:
7416:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7381:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7361:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7341:
7337:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7308:
7304:
7299:
7295:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7272:
7266:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7235:
7231:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7213:
7209:
7203:
7199:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7177:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7157:
7142:
7127:
7121:
7114:
7111:
7107:
7104:
7098:
7089:
7080:
7071:
7062:
7053:
7044:
7035:
7026:
7017:
7008:
6999:
6993:
6987:
6980:
6975:
6966:
6957:
6948:
6946:
6936:
6928:
6924:
6921:(3): 445â77.
6920:
6916:
6909:
6900:
6891:
6882:
6873:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6834:
6826:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6807:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6787:
6782:
6773:
6766:
6761:
6754:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6737:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6718:
6710:
6705:
6696:
6687:
6678:
6669:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6648:
6643:
6634:
6632:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6606:
6600:Witzel, 2011.
6597:
6588:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6557:
6555:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6523:
6516:
6512:
6507:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6450:
6442:
6438:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6407:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6364:
6349:
6345:
6338:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6291:
6283:
6279:
6272:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6245:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6222:(1): 71â101.
6221:
6217:
6210:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6184:
6177:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6130:
6121:
6113:
6107:
6103:
6096:
6087:
6085:
6075:
6066:
6057:
6048:
6039:
6030:
6028:
6020:
6016:
6011:
6009:
6001:
5997:
5992:
5990:
5974:
5968:
5959:
5950:
5941:
5932:
5923:
5914:
5905:
5896:
5894:
5884:
5882:
5872:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5845:
5836:
5827:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5792:Halifax, Joan
5787:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5762:
5747:
5741:
5732:
5730:
5710:
5703:
5702:"healthCheck"
5697:
5689:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5670:
5662:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5643:
5634:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5595:
5584:
5575:
5566:
5558:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5536:
5529:
5528:Vitebsky 1996
5524:
5517:
5512:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5471:
5463:
5460:Salak, Kira.
5456:
5454:
5446:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5421:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5399:
5395:
5388:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5346:
5345:Lonely Planet
5342:
5336:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5277:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5219:
5215:
5208:
5200:
5194:
5190:
5183:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5148:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5115:
5106:
5097:
5088:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5058:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4995:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4965:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4919:
4914:
4905:
4899:
4895:
4890:pp. 77, 287;
4887:
4881:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4826:
4817:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4774:
4769:
4762:
4756:
4750:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4718:
4709:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4680:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4661:
4655:1986, 194:97.
4654:
4648:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4613:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4588:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4488:: e66: 1â61.
4487:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Spirit spouse
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4268:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4236:
4231:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Folk religion
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Natural magic
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3747:
3746:with his drum
3745:
3741:
3737:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3690:Piaroa people
3686:
3682:
3681:Tucano people
3678:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3603:spirit guides
3600:
3596:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3556:
3553:shaman in an
3552:
3548:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3265:wrote in his
3264:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3209:spirit guides
3206:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:vision quests
3193:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:Folk religion
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:North America
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Latin America
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2863:MihĂĄly HoppĂĄl
2859:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2824:Mircea Eliade
2820:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2788:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:Mircea Eliade
2759:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2630:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2566:
2565:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:witch doctors
2541:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:Ronald Hutton
2522:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2391:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2348:
2344:
2343:Mircea Eliade
2340:
2337:
2336:Juha Janhunen
2334:
2333:ethnolinguist
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:Faith healing
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:Bush medicine
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Balneotherapy
1864:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:Controversies
1707:
1706:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Vegetotherapy
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:Ozone therapy
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:Lymphotherapy
1506:
1504:
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1446:Hair analysis
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1431:FasciaBlaster
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1394:Correactology
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1337:Colorpuncture
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1315:Chromotherapy
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1203:Alkaline diet
1201:
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1184:
1183:
1176:
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1166:
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1153:Pseudoscience
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860:Protestantism
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560:
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547:
545:
544:Victor Turner
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:Melford Spiro
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
519:Roy Rappaport
517:
515:
514:Steven Ozment
512:
510:
509:Robert Marett
507:
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497:
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464:Mircea Eliade
462:
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367:
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359:
358:Handsome Lake
356:
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66:
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61:
57:
56:Olkhon Island
53:
46:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
12259:Urban legend
12161:Magic school
12134:Astral plane
12129:Hollow Earth
11951:
11822:Magic system
11775:Dragonslayer
11670:Skin-walkers
11518:The Inklings
11511:Harry Potter
11510:
11365:
11347:
11340:
11333:
11326:
11319:
11312:
11305:
11243:
11064:Magical girl
11039:High fantasy
11034:Hard fantasy
11000:Dark fantasy
10978:Contemporary
10829:Witch (word)
10778:Witch's mark
10587:Early Modern
10523:
10515:
10507:
10499:
10491:
10485:Daemonologie
10483:
10475:
10467:
10459:
10451:
10443:
10437:Laienspiegel
10435:
10427:
10419:
10411:
10403:
10395:
10387:
10319:Muma PÄdurii
10250:Folklore and
10221:Sator Square
10174:Magic circle
10169:Magic carpet
10129:Crystal ball
10066:Spiritualism
10028:
9890:Witch doctor
9773:Cunning folk
9621:
9440:Martin Lings
9393:Emil Brunner
9383:Paul Tillich
9373:Martin Buber
9288:W K Clifford
9265:Afrikan Spir
9180:Thomas Chubb
9132:Early modern
9112:Adi Shankara
9025:Philosophers
9009:Natural evil
8925:
8905:
8901:Spiritualism
8876:Perennialism
8829:Metaphysical
8673:Antireligion
8548:Teleological
8471:Cosmological
8422:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
8387:Christianity
8346:Personal god
8090:
8084:
8051:
8045:
8021:
8006:
7992:
7985:
7978:Michel Weber
7964:
7950:
7933:
7918:
7903:
7886:
7872:
7848:
7830:
7823:
7809:
7776:(1): 39â61.
7773:
7769:
7742:
7722:
7714:
7681:
7677:
7665:
7656:
7640:. Retrieved
7633:the original
7628:
7607:ethnopoetics
7592:
7581:
7565:
7556:
7537:
7516:
7493:
7483:
7465:
7446:
7426:
7395:
7375:
7355:
7335:
7315:
7302:
7283:
7260:
7239:
7229:
7220:
7196:
7171:
7161:
7141:
7129:. Retrieved
7120:
7112:
7097:
7088:
7079:
7070:
7061:
7052:
7043:
7034:
7025:
7016:
7007:
6998:
6986:
6974:
6965:
6956:
6935:
6918:
6915:Ethnohistory
6914:
6908:
6899:
6890:
6881:
6872:
6847:
6843:
6833:
6805:
6786:HoppĂĄl 2007b
6781:
6772:
6760:
6753:HoppĂĄl 2007c
6736:HoppĂĄl 2007b
6731:
6709:HoppĂĄl 2007c
6704:
6695:
6686:
6677:
6668:
6642:
6622:
6605:
6596:
6587:
6575:. Retrieved
6571:the original
6566:
6541:. Retrieved
6537:the original
6532:
6522:
6506:
6463:
6459:
6449:
6416:
6412:
6406:
6373:
6369:
6363:
6351:. Retrieved
6347:
6337:
6304:
6300:
6290:
6281:
6271:
6254:
6250:
6244:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6182:
6176:
6143:
6139:
6129:
6120:
6101:
6095:
6074:
6065:
6056:
6047:
6038:
5976:. Retrieved
5967:
5958:
5949:
5940:
5931:
5922:
5913:
5904:
5871:
5858:
5854:
5844:
5835:
5826:
5795:
5786:
5770:
5761:
5749:. Retrieved
5740:
5716:. Retrieved
5709:the original
5696:
5676:
5669:
5653:. BookBaby.
5649:
5642:
5633:
5626:HoppĂĄl 2007c
5621:
5602:
5583:
5574:
5565:
5542:: 27, 30, 36
5535:
5530:: 11â14, 107
5523:
5511:
5476:
5470:
5426:
5420:
5393:
5387:
5375:. Retrieved
5372:The Diplomat
5371:
5361:
5349:. Retrieved
5344:
5335:
5318:
5315:Ethnohistory
5314:
5308:
5282:
5276:
5266:September 7,
5264:. Retrieved
5260:
5251:
5241:September 7,
5239:. Retrieved
5235:
5226:
5220:(1): 90â106.
5217:
5213:
5207:
5188:
5182:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5128:
5124:
5114:
5105:
5096:
5087:
5060:. Retrieved
5056:
5046:
5038:
5016:. Retrieved
5011:
5002:
4983:
4977:
4969:
4964:
4956:the original
4935:the original
4925:
4913:
4893:
4875:
4869:
4847:
4839:
4837:
4832:
4825:
4816:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4784:Adam Brand,
4780:
4768:
4755:
4744:
4735:
4726:
4717:
4667:
4660:
4652:
4647:
4630:
4624:
4612:
4600:
4595:
4576:
4554:
4548:
4539:
4532:. Retrieved
4528:
4518:
4485:
4481:
4414:Soul catcher
4406:
4347:White magick
4291:
4277:
4273:
4257:Variants of
4252:
4240:
4232:
4228:
4209:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4179:hermeneutics
4176:
4172:
4162:
4147:
4121:
4106:
4091:
4076:
4063:Pascal Boyer
4059:superstition
4051:
3891:
3755:
3742:
3725:
3717:
3697:
3674:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3638:Nanai people
3635:
3631:
3616:
3592:
3584:
3578:
3575:Itneg people
3529:
3510:
3498:
3457:
3442:
3439:
3424:
3420:onomatopoeia
3413:
3379:
3298:Soul dualism
3283:
3275:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3202:supernatural
3169:
3107:
3071:Cunning folk
2917:
2898:
2889:
2875:ethnographic
2860:
2856:
2840:hallucinogen
2821:
2817:noble savage
2804:
2798:
2787:Medicine man
2760:
2736:
2567:, a shaman (
2562:
2560:
2554:
2523:
2519:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2471:
2462:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2429:
2428:in his book
2407:
2341:
2288:
2282:
2247:neoshamanism
2245:
2223:
2215:
2188:spirit world
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2048:Thai massage
2027:
2018:Naftalan oil
1891:Blood stasis
1770:Turbo cancer
1658:ThetaHealing
1583:Osteomyology
1483:Hypnotherapy
1478:Hydrotherapy
1384:Ear candling
1379:Dry needling
1330:Coffee enema
1293:Chiropractic
1258:Bone-setting
1238:Bates method
1223:Aromatherapy
977:Conservative
845:Nestorianism
778:Christianity
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
524:Saba Mahmood
499:Robin Horton
484:James Frazer
454:Mary Douglas
386:
377:
274:Neo-Paganism
250:Case studies
217:Superstition
212:Soul dualism
206:
122:Great Spirit
25:
12186:Epic poetry
12047:Leprechauns
11962:Thaumaturgy
11937:Incantation
11890:Magic sword
11448:MĂ©liĂšs d'Or
11349:Weird Tales
11102:Dying Earth
11081:Mythopoeiaâ
11059:Low fantasy
11024:Fantastique
10536:Persecution
10405:Formicarius
10349:Spearfinger
10289:Elbow witch
10189:Magic sword
10154:Julleuchter
10139:Goofer dust
10081:White magic
9994:Incantation
9920:Black magic
9875:Renaissance
9843:Chaos magic
9815:Middle East
9746:Philippines
9460:Antony Flew
9445:Peter Geach
9378:René Guénon
9325:Lev Shestov
9320:Rudolf Otto
9027:of religion
8866:Panentheism
8799:Inclusivism
8718:Exclusivism
8713:Esotericism
8683:Creationism
8663:Agnosticism
8631:Poor design
8626:Omnipotence
8553:Natural law
8528:Ontological
8481:Contingency
8331:Holy Spirit
8136:Chuonnasuan
7986:Deus Unicus
6979:Eliade 2001
6850:(1): 6â41.
6615:Yahoo! News
6017:: 8â9 (see
5540:HoppĂĄl 2005
5516:Merkur 1985
5377:October 19,
5351:October 19,
4918:Hutton 2001
4844:Russianized
4773:Hutton 2001
4761:Hutton 2001
4668:The Manchus
4617:Hutton 2001
4525:"Shamanism"
4419:Soul flight
4408:Shaman King
4367:Mu (shaman)
4342:Folk healer
4129:grave goods
4094:Paleolithic
3992:Incantation
3917:White magic
3907:Thaumaturgy
3847:Chaos magic
3837:Black magic
3704:soul travel
3449:Chuonnasuan
3258:is common.
3041:Middle East
2866: [
2801:Alice Kehoe
2500:Definitions
2379:Tocharian A
2262:Terminology
2008:Mien Shiang
1926:Moxibustion
1638:Reflexology
1563:Oil pulling
1558:Naturopathy
1498:Jilly Juice
1278:Camel urine
1248:Black salve
1198:Acupuncture
1193:Acupressure
1158:Antiscience
1130:Terminology
904:Vaishnavism
835:Lutheranism
790:Anglicanism
474:René Girard
353:Ghost Dance
232:Transtheism
202:Sacred site
162:Nympholepsy
12302:Categories
12247:Tokusatsuâ
12196:Fairy tale
12139:Dreamworld
12037:Hobgoblins
11972:Witchcraft
11942:Necromancy
11922:Divination
11917:Demonology
11880:Magic ring
11870:Magic item
11853:Ceremonial
11742:Characters
11663:Werewolves
11601:Elementals
11505:Filk music
11453:Mythopoeic
11288:Publishers
11214:Literature
11174:television
11146:Weird West
11086:Omegaverse
10956:Lost world
10927:Literature
10849:Maleficium
10773:Witch-hunt
10577:Witch camp
10236:Witch ball
10179:Magic ring
10164:Love charm
10019:Necromancy
10014:Moon magic
10009:Mediumship
10004:Love magic
9989:Gray magic
9969:Divination
9768:Benandanti
9698:witchcraft
9430:J L Mackie
9388:Karl Barth
9185:David Hume
9107:Maimonides
9092:Heraclitus
8881:Polytheism
8851:Nondualism
8839:Humanistic
8824:Naturalism
8814:Monotheism
8772:Henotheism
8767:Gnosticism
8698:Demonology
8581:747 gambit
8498:Experience
8336:Misotheism
8115:Q116984704
8076:Q116984667
8038:Q116984658
7240:Samanizmus
6201:1026223037
5798:. London:
5735:Nattiez: 5
5412:1007305354
4838:The terms
4451:References
3922:Witchcraft
3882:Necromancy
3872:Invocation
3867:Gray magic
3852:Divination
3795:Background
3677:ecological
3665:jardalanin
3661:jardalanin
3627:psychopomp
3404:See also:
3394:entheogens
3382:axis mundi
3374:See also:
3296:See also:
3241:curanderos
3220:divination
3123:Witch hunt
2944:Witchcraft
2909:otherworld
2901:Indigenous
2830:, trance,
2774:dimensions
2688:North Asia
2676:divination
2434:Adam Brand
2424:-speaking
2226:Indigenous
2211:divination
2194:, such as
2106:Heavy legs
2063:Vietnamese
2043:Sri Lankan
1603:Phrenology
1588:Osteopathy
1578:Orthopathy
1466:Homeopathy
1372:Foot detox
1268:Breathwork
1213:Apitherapy
1168:Scientific
1163:Skepticism
1026:ĆvetÄmbara
662:Böö mörgöl
444:Talal Asad
348:Cargo cult
177:Polytheism
172:Pilgrimage
157:Monotheism
142:Liminality
132:Initiation
127:Henotheism
102:Divination
92:Communitas
54:shaman on
12308:Shamanism
12242:Superhero
12227:Mythology
12124:Lost city
12032:Halflings
11952:Shamanism
11947:Runecraft
11932:Evocation
11790:Magicians
11765:Dark lord
11750:Barbarian
11710:Skeletons
11633:Gargoyles
11611:Familiars
11571:Creatures
11307:Fantastic
11298:Magazines
11141:New weird
10946:Subgenres
10750:Classical
10269:Baba Yaga
10252:mythology
10061:Spiritism
10051:Sex magic
10029:Shamanism
10024:Occultism
9979:Evocation
9974:Entheogen
9952:Damnation
9903:Practices
9530:Loyal Rue
9255:Karl Marx
9077:Gaudapada
8906:Shamanism
8871:Pantheism
8856:Nontheism
8834:Religious
8819:Mysticism
8792:Christian
8782:Religious
8733:Atheistic
8728:Christian
8611:Nonbelief
8596:Free will
8412:Mormonism
8236:Afterlife
8107:0002-7294
8060:0011-1953
7980:, «
7790:144745844
7706:206264885
7605:, on the
6864:0745-5194
6619:archived.
6577:March 28,
6543:March 11,
6498:147706978
6441:147706046
6398:147706563
6329:147706275
6236:162355879
6168:144331213
6160:0886-1099
5503:146752685
5174:145329835
4856:Siberians
4763:. p. vii.
4736:Shamanism
4639:940167815
4510:206264885
4456:Citations
4434:Tlamatini
4183:animistic
4154:knowledge
4117:Laurasian
4098:Neolithic
4082:causality
3962:Mysticism
3892:Shamanism
3887:Sex magic
3857:Evocation
3714:Economics
3708:Sea Woman
3652:shamans.
3619:sacrifice
3611:mediators
3464:archetype
3108:Shamanism
3002:By region
2913:afterlife
2836:entheogen
2751:Samoyedic
2734:in 1552.
2728:conquered
2710:, Ilcha,
2422:Samoyedic
2289:shamanism
2267:Etymology
2172:Shamanism
2028:Shamanism
2013:Mongolian
1988:Kayakalpa
1963:Curandero
1881:Cambodian
1871:Brazilian
1668:Urophagia
1628:Radionics
1533:Mesmerism
1493:Iridology
1021:Digambara
963:YazdĂąnism
943:Quranists
923:Ahmadiyya
909:Ayyavazhi
840:Methodism
805:Calvinism
785:Adventism
766:Vajrayana
751:Theravada
741:Pure Land
623:Religions
296:Bobohizan
207:Shamanism
117:Fetishism
77:Afterlife
12287:Category
12181:Allegory
12057:Mermaids
12027:Gremlins
11992:Centaurs
11927:Egregore
11908:Schools
11875:Grimoire
11835:Elements
11807:Wild man
11727:Unicorns
11715:Vampires
11658:Werecats
11500:Fanspeak
11408:Crawford
11378:Podcasts
11091:Romantic
11074:Mythpunk
11005:Grimdark
10993:Bangsian
10783:Pricking
10694:Scotland
10617:Virginia
10607:New York
10602:Maryland
10595:Americas
10344:Sorginak
10334:Pasiphaë
10226:Talisman
10196:Mojo bag
10144:Grimoire
10039:Regional
9984:Familiar
9947:Anathema
9863:Neopagan
9858:Medieval
9763:Akelarre
9652:Category
9597:Religion
9587:Exegesis
9072:Boethius
9067:Averroes
9062:Avicenna
9044:medieval
9014:Theodicy
8861:Pandeism
8777:Humanism
8745:Thealogy
8688:Dharmism
8658:Acosmism
8650:Theology
8518:Morality
8513:Miracles
8392:Hinduism
8382:Buddhism
8341:Pandeism
8316:Demiurge
8284:Theodicy
8111:Wikidata
8072:Wikidata
8068:24461237
8034:Wikidata
7698:28679454
7415:Archived
7313:(1961).
7282:(1994).
7131:June 23,
7106:Archived
6992:Flatland
6767:: 270â71
6490:31064460
6481:10401513
6433:31064454
6390:31064451
6321:31064458
5794:(1982).
5777:(avail.
5062:March 3,
5018:March 5,
4908:, p. 128
4848:shamanka
4842:and the
4805:Archived
4775:, p. 32.
4734:(1989).
4619:. p. 32.
4502:28679454
4332:Paganism
4315:See also
4264:angakkuq
4248:Nganasan
4165:semiotic
4113:Gondwana
3935:Religion
3769:a series
3767:Part of
3699:angakkuq
3589:) (1922)
3555:exorcism
3386:ecstatic
3370:Practice
3365:people).
3329:Scarcity
3277:brujerĂa
3268:Phaedrus
2980:Feminist
2964:Neopagan
2936:a series
2934:Part of
2832:chanting
2828:drumming
2512:shaman,
2496:nouns).
2494:feminine
2476:shamanka
2432:(1692).
2369:Gandhari
2365:Buddhism
2347:Sanskrit
2252:neopagan
2232:and the
2190:through
2176:samanism
1998:Japanese
1941:San Jiao
1921:Meridian
1849:Ayurveda
1688:Vitalism
1253:Bodywork
1142:Quackery
1089:a series
1002:Orthodox
992:Haymanot
933:Mahdavia
899:Smartism
894:Shaktism
889:Shaivism
877:Hinduism
800:Baptists
736:Nichiren
731:Mahayana
724:Buddhism
712:Tengrism
587:Folklore
572:Journals
331:Slametan
291:Babaylan
286:Angakkuq
12323:Shamans
12277:Outline
12174:Related
12052:Merfolk
12042:Kobolds
12022:Goblins
12007:Treants
11997:Dwarves
11967:Theurgy
11912:Alchemy
11844:neutral
11812:Witches
11755:Caveman
11720:Zombies
11705:Mummies
11675:Spirits
11626:Dragons
11621:Chimera
11606:Faeries
11423:Gemmell
11418:Gandalf
11373:FĂ©eries
11342:Unknown
11222:Authors
11197:S&S
10937:Sources
10922:History
10822:Related
10766:Related
10684:Iceland
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10674:England
10669:Denmark
10633:Hungary
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9623:more...
9356:postwar
9039:Ancient
8927:more...
8846:New Age
8787:Secular
8757:Fideism
8708:Dualism
8678:Atheism
8668:Animism
8574:Against
8417:Sikhism
8407:Judaism
8402:Jainism
8311:Brahman
8264:Miracle
7642:May 28,
7153:Sources
6738:: 12â13
6711:: 24â25
6611:Reuters
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5818:8800269
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5057:Hazlitt
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4852:seeress
4633:. TPB.
4534:May 20,
4298:New Age
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3318:Healing
3314:Healing
3252:totemic
3192:trances
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2813:New Age
2747:Mongols
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2680:healing
2540:mediums
2454:shaitan
2414:Avvakum
2410:Siberia
2359:Ćramaáča
2313:from a
2293:Russian
2234:New Age
2230:hippies
2203:spirits
2053:Tibetan
2033:Shiatsu
1978:Iranian
1958:Chumash
1951:Zang-fu
1916:Long gu
1906:Gua sha
1886:Chinese
1832:African
1648:Rolfing
1125:History
1033:Sikhism
1014:Jainism
997:Karaite
987:Hasidic
970:Judaism
865:Quakers
761:Tibetan
756:Tiantai
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12146:Castle
12107:Worlds
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12012:Giants
11785:Heroes
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11685:Undead
11648:Nymphs
11594:Ghouls
11589:Devils
11584:Demons
11579:Angels
11562:Tropes
11513:fandom
11483:Fandom
11463:Saturn
11458:Nebula
11413:Dragon
11398:Balrog
11391:Awards
11232:Comics
11114:Shenmo
11069:Mythic
11054:LitRPG
11049:Isekai
10988:Comedy
10966:Wuxiaâ
10735:Basque
10720:Geneva
10715:France
10699:Sweden
10689:Norway
10664:Baltic
10648:Russia
10643:Poland
10544:Modern
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10102:Athame
10097:Amulet
10056:Sigils
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9853:Hoodoo
9848:Goetia
9825:MÄkutu
9753:Europe
9724:Azande
9719:Africa
9712:Region
9642:Portal
8916:Theism
8809:Monism
8543:Reason
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8488:Degree
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3607:trance
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3247:icaros
3172:Eliade
3024:Goetia
3019:Europe
3009:Africa
2987:Dianic
2880:dogmas
2846:, and
2716:Manchu
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2672:ritual
2668:trance
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2516:, 1908
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11732:YĆkai
11690:Death
11443:Locus
11359:Other
11321:Locus
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10932:Magic
10869:Adept
10730:Spain
10725:Italy
10612:Salem
10567:Nepal
10562:India
10373:Major
10309:Medea
10304:Kalku
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10107:Broom
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9783:SeiĂ°r
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9694:Magic
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7636:(PDF)
7625:(PDF)
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6494:S2CID
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6232:S2CID
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5865:â493.
5861:(2):
5712:(PDF)
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4223:Tuvan
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4150:codes
3825:Forms
3777:Magic
3694:Inuit
3646:Enets
3580:anito
3542:Roles
3530:Drums
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3347:eagle
3263:Plato
3213:omens
3096:White
3086:Black
3081:Magic
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12112:list
12079:Orcs
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11840:Dark
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9276:1900
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9209:1800
8601:Hell
8591:Evil
8508:Love
8274:Soul
8103:ISSN
8056:ISSN
8011:ISBN
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