Roman province - Knowledge

711: 1041:. In the immediate aftermath, a quaestor was sent to Sicily to look out for Roman interests but eventually, praetors were dispatched as well. The sources differ as to when sending a praetor became normal: Appian reports 241 BC; Solinus indicates 227 BC instead. Regardless, the change likely reflected Roman unease about Carthaginian power: quaestors could not command armies or fleets; praetors could and initially seem to have held largely garrison duties. This first province started a permanent shift in Roman thinking about 723: 4458: 1331: 147: 40: 1844: 2883: 1061:

provinces, the Roman commanders were initially not intended as administrators. However, the presence of the commander with forces sufficient to coerce compliance made him an obvious place to seek final judgement. A governor's legal jurisdiction thus grew from the demands of the provincial inhabitants for authoritative settlement of disputes.

2670:(in western Greece and southern Albania), Epirus was originally under the province of Macedonia. It was placed under Achaia in 27 BC except for its northernmost part, which remained part of Macedonia. It became a separate province under Trajan, sometime between 103 and 114 AD, and was renamed Epirus Nova (New Epirus) (imperial 1294:

had gone out of use by the end of the republic and was regardless in inferior status to a proconsul. More radically, Egypt (which was sufficiently powerful that a commander there could start a rebellion against the emperor) was commanded by an equestrian prefect, "a very low title indeed" as prefects

1079:

to try corruption cases; troubles with corruption and laws reacting to it continued through the republican era. By the end of the republic, a multitude of laws had been passed on how a governor would complete his task, requiring presence in the province, regulating how he could requisition goods from

1118:

While many of the provinces had been assigned to sitting praetors in the earlier part of the second century, with new praetorships created to fill empty provincial commands, by the start of the first century it had become uncommon for praetors to hold provincial commands during their formal annual

1315:

who were ex-consuls. The public provinces' governors normally served only one year; the imperial provinces' governors on the other hand normally served several years before rotating out. The extent to which the emperor exercised control over all the provinces increased during the imperial period:

1306:

Within the public and imperial provinces there also existed distinctions of rank. In the public provinces, the provinces of Africa and Asia were given only to ex-consuls; ex-praetors received the others. The imperial provinces eventually produced a three-tier system with prefects and procurators,

1225:

that year with his consular colleague month-by-month and announced the abolition of the triumvirate by the end of the year in accordance with promises to do so at the close of the civil wars. At the start of 27 BC, Augustus formally had a provincial command over all of Rome's provinces. That

1064:

In the absence of opportunities for conquest and with little oversight for their activities, many praetorian governors settled on extorting the provincials. This profiteering threatened Roman control by unnecessarily angering the province's subject populations and was regardless dishonourable. It

1060:

emerged, magistrates assigned to permanent provinces also came under pressures to achieve as much as possible during their terms. Whenever a military crisis occurred near some province, it was normally reassigned to one of the consuls; praetors were left with the garrison duties. In the permanent

1270:

but, due to their lack of an independent command, were unable to triumph and could be replaced by their superior (Augustus) at any time. These arrangements were likely based on the precedent of Pompey's proconsulship over the Spanish provinces after 55 BC entirely through legates, while he

1236:

was complete. In return, at a carefully-managed meeting of the senate, he was given commands over Spain, Gaul, Syria, Cilicia, Cyprus, and Egypt to hold for ten years; these provinces contained 22 of the 28 extant Roman legions (over 80 per cent) and contained all prospective military theatres.

1088:

Prior to 123 BC, the senate assigned consular provinces as it wished, usually in its first meeting of the consular year. The specific provinces to be assigned were normally determined by lot or by mutual agreement among the commanders; only extraordinarily did the senate assign a command

1208:

an overlapping command over large portions of the Mediterranean. The senate, which had long acted as a check on aristocratic ambitions, was unable to stop these immense commands, which culminated eventually with the reduction of the number of meaningfully-independent governors during the

1000:

in Hispania was not accompanied by the creation of any regular administration of the area; indeed, even though two praetors were assigned to Hispania regularly from 196 BC, no systematic settlement of the region occurred for nearly thirty years and what administration occurred was

1295:

were normally low-ranking officers and equestrians were not normally part of the elite. In Augustus' "second settlement" of 23 BC, he gave up his continual holding of the consulship in exchange for a general proconsulship – with a special dispensation from the law that nullified

2003:(central and part of northern France) province created in the territories in Gaul conquered by Julius Caesar; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first census on Gaul or during Augustus’ visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province) 2357:), Augustus subdued its inhabitants, the Salassi, in 15 BC. It was incorporated into Raetia. The date of the creation of the province is uncertain. It is usually set at the date of Claudius' foundation of Forum Claudii Vallensium (Martigny), which became its capital (imperial 1459:(Record of Offices), a document dating from the early 5th century. Most data is drawn from this authentic imperial source, as the names of the areas governed and titles of the governors are given there. There are however debates about the source of some data recorded in the 1171:

In the late Republican period, Roman authorities generally preferred that a majority of people in Rome's provinces venerated, respected, and worshipped gods from Rome proper and Roman Italy to an extent, alongside normal services done in honor of their "traditional" gods.

1047:. Instead of being a task of military expansion, it became a recurrent defensive assignment to oversee conquered territories. These defensive assignments, with few opportunities to gain glory, were less desirable and therefore became regularly assigned to the praetors. 1109:, as it was not always realistic for the senate to anticipate the theatres of war some six months in advance. Instead, the senate chose to assign consuls to permanent provinces near expected trouble spots. From 200 to 124 BC, only 22 per cent of recorded consular 1316:

Tiberius, for example, once reprimanded legates in the imperial provinces for failing to forward financial reports to the senate; by the reign of Claudius, however, the senatorial provinces' proconsuls were regularly issued with orders directly from the emperor.

1159:. This innovation destabilised the system of assigning provincial commands, exacerbated internal political tensions, and later allowed ambitious politicians to assemble for themselves enormous commands which the senate would never have approved: the Pompeian 2786:

Many of the above provinces were under Roman military control or under the rule of Roman clients for a long time before being officially constituted as civil provinces. Only the date of the official formation of the province is marked above, not the date of

1190:

principle of annually-elected magistracies. This allowed the powerful men to amass disproportionate wealth and military power through their provincial commands, which was one of the major factors in the transition from a republic to an imperial

2258:), after the death of Ptolemy, the last king of Mauretania, in AD 40, his kingdom was annexed. It was begun by Caligula and was completed by Claudius with the defeat of the rebels. In AD 42 Claudius divided it into two provinces( imperial 1499:

made the next great changes in 534–536 by abolishing, in some provinces, the strict separation of civil and military authority that Diocletian had established.This process was continued on a larger scale with the creation of extraordinary

2281:), it was incorporated into the empire in 16 BC. It was called a province, but it remained a client kingdom under the control of an imperial procurator. It was turned into a proper province during the reign of Claudius (41–54) (imperial 1438:, which was sometimes called 'New Rome' because it became the permanent seat of the government. In Italy itself, Rome had not been the imperial residence for some time and 286 Diocletian formally moved the seat of government to 1252:, as their commanders were still assigned by the senate on an annual basis consistent with tradition. Because no one man could command in practically all the border-regions of the empire at once, Augustus appointed subordinate 989:

saw the Macedonian province revived, the senate settled affairs in the region by abolishing Macedonia and replacing it with four client republics. Macedonia only came under direct Roman administration in the aftermath of the

3731: 1103:, which required the senate to select the consular provinces before the consular elections and made this announcement immune from tribunician veto. The law had the effect of, over time, abolishing the temporary 2432:(between France and Italy), in 14 BC it became a nominal prefecture which was run by the ruling dynasty of the Cotii. It was named after the king, Marcus Julius Cottius. It became a province in 63 (imperial 1123:

after the end of their term. The use of prorogation was due to an insufficient number of praetors, which was for two reasons: more provinces needed commands and the increased number of permanent jury courts

718:(31 BC – AD 14), showing the empire as of 31 BC in yellow, additions to 19 BC in dark green, additions in 9 BC in light green, and additions to AD 6 in pale green. Client states in mauve. 1271:

stayed in the vicinity of Rome. In contrast, the public provinces continued to be governed by proconsuls with formally independent commands. In only three of the public provinces were there any armies:

830:

rank, perhaps as a discouragement to senatorial ambition. That exception was unique but not contrary to Roman law, as Egypt was considered Augustus's personal property, following the tradition of the

1198:

The senate attempted to push back against these commands in many instances: it preferred to break up any large war into multiple territorially separated commands; for similar reasons, it opposed the

2529:

created the necessity to create this province, which had been a military district in Gallia Belgica when it was restricted to the west bank of the River Rhine (imperial proconsular province).

3602:, p. 370. Drogula also notes that appointing a person of such low status would mean that he would not have the support necessary among the elite to challenge the emperor successfully. 1226:

year, in his "first settlement", he ostentatiously returned his control of them and their attached armies to the senate, likely by declaring that the task assigned to him either by the

3662:, pp. 347–48, noting also that Tiberius regularly remitted embassies from cities in the senatorial provinces to the senate to allow it "an illusion of its traditional functions". 1050:

Only around 180 BC did provinces take on a more geographically defined position when a border was established to separate the two commanders assigned to Hispania on the river

950:. In the middle and late republican authors like Plautus, Terence, and Cicero, the word referred something akin to a modern ministerial portfolio: "when... the senate assigned 2128:), Conquered in 28 BC, originally it was a military district under the province of Macedonia. The first mention of a provincial governor was for 6 AD, at the beginning of the 2068:; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first census on Gaul or during Augustus' visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province) 4500: 7409: 2548:, and part of Germany west of the Rhine) originally a military district under Gallia Belgica, created when Germania Superior was created (imperial proconsular province). 1008:

In the middle republic, the administration of a territory – whether taxation or jurisdictrion – had basically no relationship with whether that place was assigned as a

5633: 920:, during the middle republic, referred not to a territory, but to a task assigned to a Roman magistrate. That task might require using the military command powers of 1375:. Each of these four defended and administered a quarter of the empire. In the 290s, Diocletian divided the empire anew into almost a hundred provinces, including 1031:

The acquisition of territories, however, through the middle republic created the recurrent task of defending and administering some place. The first "permanent"

59: 7389: 4876: 1434:, whose holders generally rotated frequently, as in the usual magistracies but without a colleague. Constantine also created a new capital, named after him as 120: 4871: 697: 2696:) seized from the Parthians and annexed by Trajan, who invaded the Parthian Empire in late 115. Given back to the Parthians by Hadrian in 118. In 198 1467:, and it seems clear that some of its own sources are earlier than others. Some scholars compare this with the list of military territories under the 1450:. During the 4th century, the administrative structure was modified several times, including repeated experiments with Eastern-Western co-emperors. 4493: 4457: 4197: 1221:

During his sixth and seventh consulships (28 and 27 BC), Augustus began a process which saw the republic return to "normality": he shared the

5997: 3681: 1919:(northern, central and eastern Spain), created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (imperial proconsular province). 5626: 3776: 3860: 1961:

province in 11 BC, during the Pannonian War. It was dissolved and the new provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia were created during the reign of

775:

For centuries, it was the largest administrative unit of the foreign possessions of ancient Rome. With the administrative reform initiated by

6047: 1949:

in 35–33 BC. Created as a senatorial province in 27 BC. Northern Pannonia was conquered during the Pannonian War (14–10 BC). Subdivided into

1662:

was bequeathed to Rome in 78 BC. However, it was not organised as a province. It was incorporated into the province of Creta et Cyrenae when

1163:

of 67 BC granted Pompey all land within 50 miles of the Mediterranean; Caesar's Gallic command that encompassed three normal provinces.

1290:

To make this monopolisation of military commands palatable, Augustus separated prestige from military importance and inverted it. The title

956:

to the various magistrates... what they were doing was more like allocating a portfolio than putting people in charge of geographic areas".

1953:(a new name for Illyria) and Pannonia, which were officially called Upper and Lower Illyricum respectively in 9 BC, towards the end of the 7404: 4486: 4168: 1054:. Later provinces, once campaigns were complete, were all largely defined geographically. Once this division of permanent and temporary 5656: 113: 1134:, but starting with the Spanish provinces and expanding by 167 BC, praetors were more commonly prorogued with the augmented rank 6778: 5619: 1508:

in the 640s, which replaced the older administrative arrangements entirely. Some scholars use the reorganization of the empire into

4103: 1065:

eventually drew a reaction from the senate, which reacted with laws to rein in the governors. After initial experimentation with

1647:(Gaul on this same side of the Alps, in northern Italy). It was annexed following attacks on the allied Greek city of Massalia ( 1130:), each of which had a praetor as president, exacerbated this issue. Praetors during the second century were normally prorogued 6684: 690: 294: 2748:

into these two units in the north and the south respectively. Imperial provinces (proconsular and propraetorial respectively).

1889:

in 30 BC. It was the first imperial province in that it was Augustus' own domain as the Egyptians recognised him as their new

977:

but the republic did not annex the kingdom, even as Macedonia was continuously assigned until 205 BC with the end of the

670: 4138: 3991: 3962: 3878: 3714: 3355: 1730:(to the east) were added to the small Roman possessions in Cilicia. Cilicia came fully under Roman control at the end of the 284: 106: 1426:

Although the Caesars were soon eliminated from the picture, the four administrative resorts were restored in 318 by Emperor

6898: 5936: 4564:

established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the

4190: 1303:, which gave him priority over the ordinary governors of the public provinces, allowing him to interfere in their affairs. 1152: 6627: 6903: 6331: 5835: 2926: 1199: 455: 6830: 5006: 3704: 3423: 1187: 277: 260: 1570:; along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula; part of the territories taken over from the Carthaginians in the 6716: 6664: 6573: 5155: 4076: 4055: 4034: 4015: 3919: 3741: 2292:; Claudius initiated the invasion of Britannia. Up to AD 60, the Romans controlled the area south of a line from the 683: 255: 1299:

within the city of Rome – over the imperial provinces. He also gave himself, through the senate, a general grant of

1151:, who had an allied tribune introduce a law transferring to him the already-taken province of Numidia (then held by 1147:

Also important was the assertion of popular authority over the assignment of provincial commands. This started with

7430: 6853: 6793: 6753: 6659: 6637: 6421: 6076: 6071: 5742: 2946: 2936: 2931: 1934:

in Spain), created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (imperial proconsular province)

1244:

and the remaining provinces, largely demilitarised and confined to the older republican conquests, became known as

272: 4478: 2711:, Trajan suppressed a revolt by Assyrians in Mesopotamia and created the province. Hadrian relinquished it in 118. 6918: 6679: 5843: 5580: 4831: 4183: 2342:(Thrace, north-eastern Greece, south-eastern Bulgaria and European Turkey), it was annexed by Claudius (imperial 2304:

conquered the north of England and Scotland. Scotland was then abandoned (imperial proconsular province). In 197

970: 265: 3824: 7360: 6913: 6162: 6093: 4899: 4823: 4812: 3459: 799:(from AD 293), the largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside 2700:

conquered a small area in the north and named it Mesopotamia. It was attacked twice by the Persians (imperial

7212: 6287: 4966: 4600: 2780:

in the territory of the former Moesia Superior after his evacuation of Dacia Trajana beyond the River Danube.

49: 7030: 6837: 6649: 6187: 6064: 5903: 5403: 4509: 4402: 3411: 2798: 2737: 2689: 1423:

of Rome (and later Constantinople) were exempt from this, and were directly subordinated to the tetrarchs.

1258: 3747: 7435: 6773: 6518: 4886: 4280: 2202: 1905: 1071: 779:, it became a third level administrative subdivision of the Roman Empire, or rather a subdivision of the 6888: 6399: 5987: 4387: 1938: 1577: 1509: 1280: 1276: 468: 4071:. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 564–98. 1823:

separated. It was legally merged into the administrative unit of Roman Italy in 42 BC by the triumvir

7088: 7060: 6878: 6642: 6394: 6007: 5083: 5025: 4836: 4310: 2741: 2451: 1950: 1096: 533: 235: 79: 5611: 3900: 1784:

in 40 BC. The territory remained the direct part of the Roman Empire except for a brief period when

7093: 6858: 6199: 5876: 5423: 5408: 5232: 4961: 4908: 4904: 4866: 4798: 4619: 4447: 4437: 4320: 4285: 4265: 4245: 2722: 2708: 2504: 2477: 2007: 1750: 1718:

was created as a province in the sense of area of military command in 102 BC in a campaign against

1711: 1531: 710: 137: 6701: 6561: 6539: 6304: 5896: 5643: 5227: 5174: 5111: 4951: 4941: 4770: 4740: 4392: 4377: 4315: 4230: 4220: 4065:

Richardson, John (1992). "The administration of the empire". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.).

3274: 2941: 2762:, this kingdom (in northern Mesopotamia, in parts of today's Iraq, Syria and Turkey) was annexed. 2632: 2251: 2210: 1901: 1773: 1587: 1427: 1272: 571: 89: 7140: 7217: 7053: 7048: 6578: 6416: 6316: 6052: 5972: 5433: 4760: 4365: 4225: 4175: 2997: 2921: 2745: 2556: 2462: 2301: 1912: 1874: 1704: 1431: 69: 4467:

Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until

3870: 7313: 6549: 6233: 6217: 6177: 6167: 6002: 5866: 5848: 5694: 5448: 5217: 5030: 4956: 4549: 4260: 3415: 2839: 2232: 1992:; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first 1731: 1682: 1609: 1388: 1126: 991: 982: 784: 7280: 6172: 5732: 5586: 5103: 4755: 4587: 4557: 4397: 4290: 2726: 2224: 2022: 1545: 1475: 1384: 1365: 1180:

The increasing practices of prorogation and statutorily-defined "super commands" driven by

986: 978: 213: 74: 54: 31: 2243:

with the defeat of the rebels. In AD 42, Claudius divided it into two provinces (imperial

1080:

provincial communities, limiting the number of years he could serve in the province, etc.

806:

During the republic and early empire, provinces were generally governed by politicians of

8: 7288: 7125: 6783: 6711: 6406: 6364: 6252: 6182: 6157: 5944: 5891: 5704: 5699: 5592: 5547: 5365: 5355: 5017: 4846: 4793: 4788: 4561: 4295: 4270: 2901: 2888: 2822: 1856: 1674: 1670: 1655: 1016:

at all and were not administered by Rome. The territorial province, called a "permanent"

348: 4163: 2094:); created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (senatorial 7440: 7399: 7120: 7108: 7043: 7038: 6758: 6544: 6428: 6311: 6194: 6127: 6019: 5977: 5817: 5443: 5418: 5325: 5300: 5189: 5073: 4923: 4735: 4532: 4382: 4340: 4335: 4111: 3888: 3770: 3706:

The 'Birth'of Italy: The Institutionalization of Italy as a Region, 3rd–1st Century BCE

3389:

and provincial assignment would also create the armies that brought down the republic".

2847: 2484: 2332: 2313: 2309: 2015: 2000: 1636: 1632: 1455: 1210: 1012:

by the senate. Rome would even intervene on territorial disputes which were part of no

835: 606: 245: 94: 84: 3914:. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1548:; these two islands were taken over from the Carthaginians and annexed soon after the 7162: 7150: 6798: 6788: 6411: 6389: 6294: 6258: 6152: 6039: 6029: 6014: 5871: 5804: 5570: 5277: 5267: 5262: 5166: 5136: 4933: 4783: 4674: 4664: 4639: 4634: 4427: 4422: 4350: 4345: 4134: 4082: 4072: 4051: 4030: 4011: 3987: 3968: 3958: 3915: 3874: 3737: 3710: 3419: 3404: 3351: 2896: 2730: 2697: 2533: 2518: 2376: 2305: 2180: 2175:

and became province again after Agrippa's death in AD 44, enlarged by territories of

2129: 2087: 1970: 1966: 1916: 1852: 1742: 1690: 1567: 1560: 1556: 1284: 1076: 863: 831: 525: 518: 321: 4169:

https://web.archive.org/web/20060409205643/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/

7207: 7005: 6568: 6474: 6227: 6111: 5982: 5962: 5926: 5799: 5770: 5709: 5506: 5501: 5458: 5413: 5320: 5065: 5055: 5045: 4993: 4730: 4722: 4508: 4355: 4325: 3866: 3682:"Note sull'«anzianità di servizio» nel lessico della legislazione imperiale romana" 3266: 2906: 2594: 2395: 2184: 2106: 2083: 1893:. Its proper initial name was Alexandrea et Aegyptus. It was governed by Augustus' 1644: 1571: 1488: 847: 827: 647: 641: 634: 620: 449: 428: 373: 358: 353: 338: 222: 64: 20: 2235:, the last king of Mauretania, in AD 40, his kingdom was annexed. It was begun by 965:

were for the purpose of waging war and to command an army. However, merely that a

7394: 7379:

Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in

7255: 6883: 6586: 6489: 6433: 6370: 6341: 6326: 6106: 6101: 6059: 6024: 5824: 5789: 5764: 5486: 5476: 5383: 5335: 5290: 5209: 5131: 5116: 5035: 4778: 4682: 4654: 4629: 4611: 4240: 4128: 4066: 4045: 4005: 3981: 3952: 3909: 2814: 2773: 2652: 2410: 2399: 2372: 2152: 2144: 2137: 2133: 2121: 1785: 1701: 1613: 1603: 1539: 1038: 722: 363: 1453:

Detailed information on the arrangements during this period is contained in the

1330: 1115:

were permanent provinces; between 122 and 53 BC, this rose to 60 per cent.

6726: 6694: 6556: 6494: 6484: 6479: 6299: 6133: 6083: 6034: 5727: 5496: 5491: 5481: 5428: 5373: 5184: 5078: 5050: 5040: 4918: 4707: 4702: 4659: 4649: 4572:

and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.

4330: 4250: 4001: 3399: 2858: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2601: 2552: 2522: 2458: 2350: 2297: 2049: 1807:) was occupied by Rome in the 220s BC and became considered geographically and 1800: 1435: 1371: 1156: 891: 871: 769: 761: 739: 652: 599: 443: 418: 327: 175: 7187: 2417:), created as a protectorate by Augustus, it probably became a province under 2209:(later proconsular) province, created after the death of its last client king 969:

was assigned did not mean the Romans made that territory theirs. For example,

7424: 6908: 6748: 6510: 6359: 6222: 5992: 5967: 5810: 5378: 5330: 5295: 5285: 5194: 4894: 4697: 4692: 4644: 4624: 4553: 4537: 4275: 4255: 4235: 3972: 2678: 2429: 2289: 2168: 2065: 1989: 1886: 1765: 1549: 1535: 1420: 1410: 1325: 1233: 1120: 780: 548: 398: 166: 926:

but otherwise could even be a task assigned to a junior magistrates without

7308: 7300: 7295: 7260: 6768: 6763: 6674: 6144: 5794: 5756: 5689: 5576: 5393: 5388: 5340: 5126: 5093: 5088: 4913: 4687: 4565: 4300: 3311: 2620: 2293: 2099: 1954: 1860: 1738: 1678: 1505: 1148: 1051: 811: 807: 765: 753: 461: 413: 383: 309: 184: 7202: 4086: 3290:. Formally, the presidency of one of the permanent courts was in fact the 1996:

on Gaul or during Augustus' visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province)

6928: 6873: 6736: 6731: 6721: 6456: 6451: 6349: 6321: 5886: 5881: 5748: 5599: 5471: 5438: 5350: 5305: 5179: 5121: 4442: 4371: 4305: 3790: 2667: 2648: 2616: 2604:, formerly the Kingdom of Nabataea, it was annexed without resistance by 2537: 2414: 2354: 2053: 1931: 1882: 1814: 1757: 1697: 1625: 1581: 1496: 1376: 818:. A later exception was the province of Egypt, which was incorporated by 800: 757: 504: 7115: 1780:(old Africa). Western Numidia was annexed and added to the province of 6815: 6354: 6209: 5908: 5466: 5310: 4712: 4541: 4468: 3231: 2866: 2855: 2582: 2384: 2061: 1439: 1393: 1363:(AD 284–305), with a western and an eastern senior emperor styled 1354: 1339: 776: 585: 315: 195: 2014:, Turkey), formerly a client kingdom, it was annexed by Augustus when 1369:, each seconded by a junior emperor (and designated successor) styled 7234: 7192: 7167: 7025: 6980: 6868: 6810: 6632: 6381: 5641: 5252: 5141: 4750: 4745: 4360: 2916: 2586: 2500: 2488: 2447: 2328: 1981: 1962: 1923: 1727: 1677:(in North-western Anatolia) was bequeathed to Rome by its last king, 1659: 1648: 1501: 1447: 1399: 1380: 1359: 1335: 1228: 1192: 1136: 823: 796: 657: 627: 493: 475: 438: 7270: 7265: 146: 39: 7020: 6990: 6820: 6743: 6654: 6466: 6244: 5954: 5598: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by 5345: 5315: 5237: 4946: 4861: 4569: 2777: 2759: 2660: 2526: 2496: 2473: 2274: 2240: 2236: 2172: 2125: 2011: 1946: 1927: 1878: 1824: 1809: 1681:, in 74 BC. It was organised as a Roman province at the end of the 1640: 1617: 1513: 1415: 937: 922: 819: 815: 715: 592: 482: 393: 304: 202: 7330: 7224: 7075: 3027: 1843: 7325: 7250: 7080: 7070: 7010: 6923: 6893: 6825: 6706: 5918: 5719: 5542: 5398: 5257: 5199: 4962:

Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)

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was annexed to Syria after the death of its last ruler, tetrarch

2545: 2469: 2380: 2339: 2278: 2270: 2266: 2255: 2228: 2188: 2176: 2156: 2057: 2026: 1942: 1890: 1819: 1789: 1761: 1746: 1715: 1595: 1591: 1405: 1253: 941: 727: 578: 557: 408: 388: 4205: 3671:

Nuovo Atlante Storico De Agostini, 1997, pp. 40–41. (In Italian)

2476:, were disestablished, and merged with the imperial province of 7355: 7345: 7340: 7275: 7229: 7145: 7015: 7000: 6995: 6985: 6669: 6276: 5858: 5552: 4432: 4412: 4407: 3954:

Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire

3299: 3159: 2605: 2590: 2570: 2388: 2164: 2117: 2116:(on the east and south bank of the River Danube part of modern 2113: 2098:

province). The name derives from Betis, the Latin name for the

2072: 1993: 1848: 1828: 1793: 1719: 1686: 1621: 1205: 1095:(outside of sortition). But in 123 or 122 BC, the tribune 613: 403: 7100: 3808:

Laffi, Umberto (1992). "La provincia della Gallia Cisalpina".

3629: 1984:(south-western France) province created in the territories in 1409:. The provinces in turn were grouped into (originally twelve) 16:

Major Roman administrative territorial entity outside of Italy

7350: 7335: 7320: 7197: 7182: 7172: 7157: 7135: 7130: 7065: 6863: 6805: 6689: 5247: 5242: 5222: 3929:

Bowman, Alan K. "Provincial administration and taxation". In

3385:, p. 311. "The use of populär legislation to manipulate 2624: 2574: 2541: 2492: 2403: 2324: 2160: 2091: 1804: 1723: 1663: 1599: 1504:

in the 580s and culminated with the adoption of the military

1443: 1240:

The provinces that were assigned to Augustus became known as

896: 876: 3075: 2521:(southern Germany) The push into southern Germany up to the 1213:

to three men and, with the end of the republic, to one man.

7177: 6443: 5781: 3454:

Eder, W (1993). "The Augustan principate as binding link".

3017: 3015: 2693: 2418: 1985: 1563:; part of the territories taken over from the Carthaginians 4556:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of 4047:

Greek Terms for Roman Institutions: A Lexicon and Analysis

3617: 3605: 3545: 3518: 3247: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3147: 1904:(southern and central Greece), Augustus separated it from 1772:(new Africa) to distinguish it from the older province of 862:

had an equivalent in eastern, Greek-speaking parts of the

6975: 3569: 3557: 3535: 3533: 3219: 3135: 3111: 2803: 2681:, annexed by Trajan, who deposed its client king. In 118 1957:. Initially a senatorial province, it became an imperial 1635:(southern France); prior to its annexation it was called 1469: 1419:, who oversaw their affairs. Only the proconsuls and the 1069:

panels of inquest, various laws were passed, such as the

564: 511: 3733:

Beyond the Rubicon: Romans and Gauls in Republican Italy

3406:

Space, geography, and politics in the early Roman empire

3350:. Versailles, Kentucky: Sheridan Kentucky. p. 181. 3099: 3087: 3063: 3012: 3346:

Pearson, Patricia O'Connell; Holdren, John (May 2021).

2018:, its last king, died (imperial propraetorial province) 1379:. Their governors were hierarchically ranked, from the 3581: 3530: 3490: 3478: 3466: 3364: 3327: 3207: 3123: 2167:. Reverted to the status of client kingdom under king 2029:(30–25 BC), previously between 46–30 BC the province 1512:

in this period as one of the demarcations between the

1487:, with more mobile forces, and the later, even higher 4992: 3641: 3938:

Crook, J A. "Political history, 30 BC to AD 14". In

2878: 2465:

was deposed and Lesser Armenia was annexed to Syria.

2109:, lost after three Roman legions were routed in 9 AD 1768:

annexed Eastern Numidia and the new province called

1722:. The Romans controlled only a small area. In 74 BC 1689:, who incorporated the western part of the defeated 1602:); created after the destruction of Carthage in the 3957:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2655:: Porolissensis, Apulensis and Malvensis (imperial 2472:, formed into three client kingdoms established by 6958: 4586: 3403: 2406:restored the Bosporan Kingdom as a client kingdom. 2064:, part of northern France and Germany west of the 1140:; by the end of the republic, all governors acted 866:. In the Greek language, a province was called an 768:. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as 3048:, pp. 564–565, citing, among others, Plaut. 2619:"Trajana" (the Romanian regions of south-eastern 994:in 148 BC. Similarly, assignment of various 7422: 4206: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2808: 2792: 2454:was deposed and Commagene was annexed to Syria. 2421:when Alpes Cottiae became a province (imperial 2383:annexed, later incorporated in the province of 2191:in AD 135 and upgraded to proconsular province. 1847:The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, under 1516:and the Byzantine (or the Later Roman) period. 3345: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2832: 2635:(imperial proconsular province). Divided into 2593:were annexed to Syria after the death of king 2398:incorporated as part of the Roman province of 2033:, was abolished, and merged with the province 1838: 730:(125) showing the provinces as then organised. 5627: 5579:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate 4494: 4191: 4068:The last age of the Roman Republic, 146–43 BC 3983:Imperium Romanum: politics and administration 1741:was annexed after the death of its last king 1473:, in charge of border garrisons on so-called 1119:term. Instead they generally took command as 760:that were controlled by the Romans under the 691: 114: 4130:The Penguin historical atlas of ancient Rome 3859:Badian, Ernst (2012). "Provincia/Province". 2300:. Wales was finally subdued in 78. In 78–84 1155:), allowing Marius to assume command of the 1020:in the scholarship, emerged only gradually. 7405:List of administrative divisions by country 5602:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536 4024: 3702: 3291: 2963: 2151:, created after the deposition of ethnarch 2025:. The client kingdom of Numidia under king 1965:(69–79). In 107, Pannonia was divided into 1776:, created in 146 BC, which became known as 1734:(73–63 BC), reorganised by Pompey in 63 BC. 1481: 1461: 1181: 1110: 1104: 1090: 1055: 1042: 1032: 995: 960: 951: 945: 931: 915: 747: 5634: 5620: 4501: 4487: 4198: 4184: 4064: 3908:Bowman, Alan K; et al., eds. (1996). 3775:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3321: 3241: 3225: 3105: 3093: 3081: 3069: 3045: 3021: 2715: 2327:annexed by Claudius (in 74 AD merged with 698: 684: 121: 107: 38: 4536:. Provincial administration reformed and 3438: 2776:(most of Bulgaria and Serbia) created by 2503:which had been a part of the province of 2155:, formed initially from the territory of 1357:introduced a radical reform known as the 1256:for each of the provinces with the title 1166: 973:in 211 BC received Macedonia as his 5672: 4510:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces 3729: 1842: 1624:), bequeathed to Rome by its last king, 1446:), while taking up residence himself in 1329: 1216: 1101:lex Sempronia de provinciis consularibus 940:and the civil jurisdiction of the urban 795:A province was the basic and, until the 721: 709: 6610: 4164:Map of the Roman Empire in the year 300 4000: 3979: 3950: 3939: 3930: 3907: 3871:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5393 3763:Decline of the Roman republic: Volume 2 3623: 3611: 3599: 3587: 3575: 3551: 3539: 3524: 3508: 3484: 3472: 3398: 3382: 3370: 3333: 3317: 3305: 3265: 3253: 3237: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3117: 1524: 1319: 1175: 1005:and emerged from military necessities. 7423: 4126: 4007:The constitution of the Roman republic 3928: 3858: 3709:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 3659: 3647: 3635: 3563: 3287: 2804:Primary sources for lists of provinces 2316:. Imperial provinces (proconsular and 2205:(central Anatolia – Turkey); imperial 1973:– imperial provinces (proconsular and 1037:was that of Sicily, created after the 1023: 6957: 6609: 5671: 5654: 5615: 5532: 5531: 4991: 4585: 4521: 4482: 4179: 4043: 3937: 3822: 3807: 3496: 3271:The praetorship in the Roman republic 3033: 2468:AD 72 – Western mountainous parts of 1232:creating the Triumvirate or that the 959:The first commanders dispatched with 752:) were the administrative regions of 4207:Provinces of the early Roman Empire 3760: 3453: 1519: 1075:in 149 BC, which established a 930:: for example, the treasury was the 841: 826:and was ruled by a governor of only 3831:(in Italian). Enciclopedia Italiana 3789: 3754: 2927:History of the Mediterranean region 1908:(senatorial propraetorial province) 1552:, in 238 BC and 237 BC respectively 13: 3816: 2752: 2733:(imperial propraetorial province). 2440: 1311:who were ex-praetors, and legates 14: 7452: 5655: 4157: 2766: 2511: 2217: 2195: 2140:(imperial proconsular provinces). 1867: 1707:, creating the province of Syria. 1287:, only Africa retained a legion. 1186:political tactics undermined the 6422:Organized incorporated territory 4942:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana) 4568:in c. 640–660, although in 4456: 4104:"Early imperial Roman provinces" 3911:The Augustan empire, 43 BC–AD 69 2947:Local government (ancient Roman) 2937:List of Graeco-Roman geographers 2932:Latin spelling and pronunciation 2881: 2647:. Divided into three provinces ( 2132:. In 85 Moesia was divided into 1334:The new territorial division of 145: 7410:Slavic administrative divisions 4552:established after the death of 4149:Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte 3801: 3783: 3723: 3696: 3674: 3665: 3653: 3593: 3502: 3447: 3439:Hekster, Olivier; Kaizer, Ted. 3432: 3392: 3376: 3339: 3281: 3259: 2563: 1817:, but remained politically and 971:Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus 6959:Non-English terms or loanwords 6163:Direct-controlled municipality 4900:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium 4824:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy 3460:University of California Press 3348:World History: Our Human Story 3039: 3036:, pp. 81, 84–86, 138–139. 2631:), conquered by Trajan in the 1796:) as a client king (30–25 BC). 1559:; along the east coast of the 1538:and annexed at the end of the 1: 6288:Special administrative region 4967:Tripolitania (Roman province) 4545: 3703:Carlà-Uhink, Filippo (2017). 2952: 2365: 2351:Alpes Atrectianae et Poeninae 1745:and added to the province of 1639:(Gallia on the other side of 1534:(Sicily) taken over from the 1343: 1083: 886:), with a governor called an 783:(in turn subdivisions of the 6188:Mountain resort municipality 6065:Intermediate school district 6048:Educational service district 5904:Regional county municipality 3441:Frontiers in the Roman world 3412:University of Michigan Press 2957: 2809:Early Roman Empire provinces 2799:List of Late Roman provinces 2793:Provinces of the late empire 2744:, Septimius Severus divided 2685:restored this client kingdom 1259:legatus Augusti pro praetore 909: 7: 6519:Autonomous territorial unit 5575: Re-established after 4887:Diocese of Annonarian Italy 4522: 4133:. Penguin. pp. 74–75. 4010:. Oxford University Press. 3865:. Oxford University Press. 3736:. Oxford University Press. 3730:Williams, J. H. C. (2020). 3456:Between republic and empire 2874: 2833:Late Roman Empire provinces 1839:Provinces of the Principate 1749:, creating the province of 1234:war on Cleopatra and Antony 1072:lex Calpurnia de repetundis 10: 7457: 6400:National capital territory 6121:Indian reserve/reservation 5988:Indian government district 5642:Designations for types of 4025:Loewenstein, Karl (1973). 3846: 2796: 2491:(reigned AD 69–79) merged 2056:south of the Rhine river, 1700:; Pompey deposed the last 1391:through those governed by 1323: 1153:Quintus Caecilius Metellus 897: 877: 854:comes from the Latin word 790: 18: 7390:Autonomous administration 7377: 7243: 6968: 6964: 6953: 6846: 6620: 6616: 6605: 6529: 6503: 6465: 6442: 6395:Federal capital territory 6380: 6340: 6275: 6243: 6208: 6143: 6120: 6092: 6008:Non-metropolitan district 5998:Local government district 5953: 5935: 5917: 5857: 5834: 5780: 5755: 5741: 5718: 5682: 5678: 5667: 5663: 5650: 5565: 5548:Quaestura exercitus (536) 5538: 5527: 5457: 5364: 5276: 5208: 5165: 5154: 5102: 5064: 5016: 5005: 5001: 4987: 4932: 4885: 4822: 4811: 4769: 4721: 4673: 4610: 4599: 4595: 4581: 4528: 4517: 4465: 4454: 4216: 3296:of the praetor-president. 2659:provinces). Abandoned by 2375:(the eastern half of the 1897:, Alexandreae et Aegypti. 1643:) to distinguish it from 1479:, and the higher ranking 1188:republican constitutional 1097:Gaius Sempronius Gracchus 895: 875: 534:Senatus consultum ultimum 429:Extraordinary magistrates 80:Environmental determinism 6200:Specialized municipality 5877:Consolidated city-county 5424:Palaestina III Salutaris 4620:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae 4246:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae 3980:Lintott, Andrew (1993). 3812:(in Italian) (80): 5–23. 3638:, pp. 346, 369–370. 3308:, pp. 229–330, 341. 3168:, pp. 256–257, 263. 2569:AD 100 – Territories of 2387:(probably under Emperor 2037:, creating the province 138:Politics of ancient Rome 19:Not to be confused with 7431:Ancient Roman provinces 6562:Military exclusion zone 6540:Exclusive economic zone 6305:National capital region 5897:Non-metropolitan county 5644:administrative division 5591: Placed under the 4952:Mauretania Caesariensis 4771:Diocese of the Britains 4393:Mauretania Caesariensis 3275:Oxford University Press 2942:List of historical maps 2716:Under Septimius Severus 2461:, its last client king 2450:, its last client king 2308:divided Britannia into 2254:, (western and central 2252:Mauretania Caesariensis 726:The Roman Empire under 90:Quantitative revolution 6579:Self-administered zone 6417:Incorporated territory 6284:Administrative region 6053:Local service district 5973:Congressional district 5434:Phoenice II Libanensis 5137:Macedonia II Salutaris 4550:praetorian prefectures 4512:(4th–7th centuries AD) 4366:Hispania Tarraconensis 4127:Scarre, Chris (1995). 4044:Mason, Hugh J (1974). 4027:The Governance of Rome 3951:Drogula, Fred (2015). 3823:Aurigemma, Salvatore. 3292: 3052:, 156, 158, 474; Ter. 2922:History of cartography 2557:Aristobulus of Chalcis 2463:Aristobulus of Chalcis 2231:); after the death of 2149:procuratorial province 1913:Hispania Tarraconensis 1864: 1705:Philip II Philoromaeus 1580:was annexed after the 1482: 1462: 1432:praetorian prefectures 1413:, headed usually by a 1350: 1217:Early imperial period 1182: 1167:Late Republican period 1111: 1105: 1091: 1056: 1043: 1033: 996: 961: 952: 946: 932: 916: 748: 743: 731: 719: 295:Political institutions 70:History of cartography 6550:Special economic zone 6234:Praetorian prefecture 6218:Autonomous prefecture 6178:Regional municipality 6168:District municipality 6003:Metropolitan district 5867:Administrative county 5849:Residential community 5695:Local government area 5156:Praetorian prefecture 5031:Noricum mediterraneum 5007:Praetorian prefecture 4957:Mauretania Sitifensis 4852:Picenum Suburbicarium 4813:Praetorian prefecture 4601:Praetorian prefecture 4548: 293. Permanent 3761:Long, George (1866). 2840:Laterculus Veronensis 2725:, was separated from 2239:and was completed by 2041:(except territory of 1941:, Augustus conquered 1859:are shaded pink, and 1846: 1831:'s unpublished acts ( 1827:as a ratification of 1732:Third Mithridatic War 1683:Third Mithridatic War 1666:was annexed in 66 BC. 1483:Comites rei militaris 1333: 1324:Further information: 1127:quaestiones perpetuae 992:Fourth Macedonian War 987:Third Macedonian Wars 810:rank, usually former 725: 713: 7141:Njësi administrative 6173:Neutral municipality 6112:Subdivision of India 5844:Autonomous community 5733:Metropolitan borough 5673:Common English terms 5587:Diocese of Illyricum 5581:Prefecture of Africa 5336:Galatia II Salutaris 5104:Diocese of Macedonia 4994:Eastern Roman Empire 4756:Mauretania Tingitana 4588:Western Roman Empire 4398:Mauretania Tingitana 4291:Corsica and Sardinia 4231:Africa proconsularis 4050:. Toronto: Hakkert. 3511:, p. 354; Aug. 2998:"Le province romane" 2727:Africa Proconsularis 2225:Mauretania Tingitana 2120:, the north part of 2039:Africa Proconsularis 2023:Africa Proconsularis 1999:27 BC or 16–13 BC – 1980:27 BC or 16–13 BC – 1881:after his defeat of 1857:senatorial provinces 1546:Sardinia and Corsica 1525:Republican provinces 1385:Africa Proconsularis 1320:Late imperial period 1250:senatorial provinces 1176:Transition to empire 979:First Macedonian War 785:imperial prefectures 374:Ordinary magistrates 75:Historical geography 32:History of geography 6784:Autonomous republic 6712:Enclave and exclave 6611:Other English terms 6407:Dependent territory 6253:Autonomous province 6183:Resort municipality 6158:County municipality 5945:Overseas department 5892:Metropolitan county 5705:Unincorporated area 5593:Quaestura exercitus 5366:Diocese of the East 5356:Pontus Polemoniacus 5018:Diocese of Pannonia 4847:Lucania et Bruttium 4794:Maxima Caesariensis 4789:Flavia Caesariensis 4296:Crete and Cyrenaica 4271:Bithynia and Pontus 4114:on 26 December 2016 3797:. Vol. 41. 36. 3626:, pp. 360–363. 3614:, pp. 358–359. 3566:, pp. 346–347. 3554:, pp. 355–356. 3527:, pp. 354–355. 3324:, pp. 573–574. 3277:. pp. 626–627. 3256:, pp. 299–300. 3204:, pp. 279–281. 3192:, pp. 275–276. 3180:, pp. 266–268. 3156:, pp. 253–254. 3120:, pp. 242–245. 3084:, pp. 566–567. 2902:Classical antiquity 2889:Ancient Rome portal 2540:south of the River 2353:(between Italy and 1675:Kingdom of Bithynia 1656:Crete and Cyrenaica 1262:. These lieutenant 822:after the death of 714:Roman Empire under 7436:Historical regions 7400:Electoral district 6717:Federal dependency 6545:Free economic zone 6429:Overseas territory 6312:Development region 6195:Rural municipality 6128:Indian reservation 6020:Municipal district 5978:Electoral district 5818:Free imperial city 5444:Syria II Salutaris 5301:Armenian Satrapies 5074:Dacia Mediterranea 4996:(395–c. 640) 4924:Venetia et Histria 4832:Apulia et Calabria 4533:Notitia Dignitatum 4383:Lycia et Pamphylia 4361:Hispania Lusitania 4341:Gallia Narbonensis 4336:Gallia Lugdunensis 3942:, pp. 70–112. 3933:, pp. 344–70. 3825:"Gallia Cisalpina" 3578:, pp. 356–57. 3144:, pp. 250–51. 2848:Notitia dignitatum 2485:Lycia et Pamphylia 2333:Lycia et Pamphylia 2314:Britannia Inferior 2310:Britannia Superior 2001:Gallia Lugdunensis 1865: 1855:are shaded green, 1853:imperial provinces 1671:Bithynia et Pontus 1637:Gallia Transalpina 1633:Gallia Narbonensis 1456:Notitia Dignitatum 1428:Constantine I 1351: 1347: AD 300 1283:; after Augustus' 1242:imperial provinces 981:. Even though the 836:Hellenistic period 732: 720: 607:Triumvir monetalis 541:Titles and honours 95:Critical geography 85:Regional geography 7418: 7417: 7373: 7372: 7369: 7368: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6515:Territorial unit 6412:Federal territory 6390:Capital territory 6295:Autonomous region 6259:Overseas province 6153:City municipality 6044:Service district 6040:Sanitary district 6030:Regional district 6015:Military district 5872:Autonomous county 5805:Incorporated city 5609: 5608: 5571:Septem Provinciae 5561: 5560: 5533:Other territories 5523: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5306:Armenia III (536) 5278:Diocese of Pontus 5268:Phrygia Salutaris 5263:Phrygia Pacatiana 5167:Diocese of Thrace 5150: 5149: 4983: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4934:Diocese of Africa 4807: 4806: 4675:Diocese of Vienne 4665:Maxima Sequanorum 4577: 4576: 4476: 4475: 4428:Pannonia Superior 4423:Pannonia Inferior 4351:Germania Superior 4346:Germania Inferior 4210: 4140:978-0-14-051329-5 3993:978-0-415-09375-0 3964:978-1-4696-2314-6 3880:978-0-19-938113-5 3716:978-3-11-054478-7 3499:, pp. 76–77. 3357:978-1-60153-123-0 2897:Ancient geography 2788: 2731:Septimius Severus 2698:Septimius Severus 2534:Germania Inferior 2519:Germania Superior 2377:Kingdom of Pontus 2306:Septimius Severus 2088:Hispania Ulterior 1971:Pannonia Inferior 1967:Pannonia Superior 1917:Hispania Citerior 1863:are shaded gray. 1751:Cilicia et Cyprus 1743:Ptolemy of Cyprus 1693:into it in 63 BC. 1691:Kingdom of Pontus 1568:Hispania Ulterior 1561:Iberian Peninsula 1557:Hispania Citerior 1520:List of provinces 1430:, in the form of 1336:tetrarchic system 1211:triumviral period 864:Greco-Roman world 858:. The Latin term 842:Republican period 781:imperial dioceses 708: 707: 526:Quaestio perpetua 519:Senatus consultum 322:Roman citizenship 131: 130: 7448: 7006:Regierungsbezirk 6966: 6965: 6955: 6954: 6618: 6617: 6607: 6606: 6569:Free speech zone 6475:Charter township 6228:Super-prefecture 6072:Special district 5983:Federal district 5963:Capital district 5927:Overseas country 5800:Independent city 5771:Imperial capital 5710:Unorganized area 5680: 5679: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5652: 5651: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5613: 5612: 5585: Later the 5569: Later the 5529: 5528: 5507:Thebais Inferior 5502:Thebais Superior 5459:Diocese of Egypt 5449:Theodorias (528) 5311:Armenia IV (536) 5163: 5162: 5066:Diocese of Dacia 5056:Valeria ripensis 5014: 5013: 5003: 5002: 4989: 4988: 4872:Tuscia et Umbria 4820: 4819: 4723:Diocese of Spain 4608: 4607: 4597: 4596: 4583: 4582: 4547: 4530:As found in the 4519: 4518: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4460: 4356:Hispania Baetica 4326:Gallia Aquitania 4208: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4177: 4176: 4152: 4144: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4110:. Archived from 4090: 4061: 4040: 4021: 3997: 3976: 3943: 3934: 3925: 3904: 3898: 3894: 3892: 3884: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3774: 3766: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3746:. Archived from 3727: 3721: 3720: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3627: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3409: 3396: 3390: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3295: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3267:Brennan, T Corey 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2994: 2907:Early world maps 2891: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2785: 2595:Herod Agrippa II 2396:Bosporan Kingdom 2379:) together with 2273:, north-eastern 2185:Syria Palaestina 2107:Germania Antiqua 2084:Hispania Baetica 1877:, taken over by 1645:Gallia Cisalpina 1572:Second Punic War 1497:Justinian I 1490:magistri militum 1485: 1465: 1348: 1345: 1185: 1114: 1108: 1094: 1059: 1046: 1036: 999: 964: 955: 949: 947:urbana provincia 935: 919: 901: 900: 899: 881: 880: 879: 751: 700: 693: 686: 642:Pontifex maximus 635:Princeps senatus 621:Magister militum 456:Consular tribune 450:Magister equitum 278:Augustan reforms 149: 133: 132: 123: 116: 109: 65:Age of Discovery 42: 28: 27: 21:Province of Rome 7456: 7455: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7421: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7395:Census division 7365: 7239: 6960: 6933: 6884:Imperial Circle 6842: 6612: 6593: 6587:Free-trade zone 6525: 6499: 6490:Survey township 6461: 6438: 6434:Union territory 6376: 6371:Sovereign state 6336: 6327:Overseas region 6271: 6239: 6204: 6139: 6130:(United States) 6116: 6107:Police division 6102:Census division 6088: 6060:School district 6025:Police district 5949: 5931: 5913: 5853: 5830: 5825:Royal free city 5790:Autonomous city 5776: 5765:Federal capital 5751: 5737: 5714: 5674: 5659: 5646: 5640: 5610: 5605: 5557: 5534: 5511: 5487:Augustamnica II 5453: 5360: 5272: 5210:Diocese of Asia 5204: 5157: 5146: 5132:Macedonia Prima 5098: 5060: 5036:Noricum ripense 5008: 4997: 4971: 4928: 4881: 4814: 4803: 4765: 4717: 4683:Alpes Maritimae 4669: 4655:Lugdunensis III 4612:Diocese of Gaul 4602: 4591: 4590:(395–476) 4573: 4540:established by 4524: 4513: 4507: 4477: 4472: 4461: 4452: 4413:Moesia Superior 4408:Moesia Inferior 4241:Alpes Maritimae 4212: 4204: 4160: 4155: 4147: 4141: 4117: 4115: 4102: 4093: 4079: 4058: 4037: 4018: 4002:Lintott, Andrew 3994: 3965: 3922: 3896: 3895: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3849: 3844: 3834: 3832: 3829:www.treccani.it 3821: 3817: 3806: 3802: 3795:Historia Romana 3788: 3784: 3768: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3750:on 22 May 2020. 3744: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3598: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3507: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3452: 3448: 3437: 3433: 3426: 3400:Nicolet, Claude 3397: 3393: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3322:Richardson 1992 3320:, p. 304; 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3286: 3282: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3242:Richardson 1992 3240:, p. 298; 3236: 3232: 3226:Richardson 1992 3224: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3106:Richardson 1992 3104: 3100: 3094:Richardson 1992 3092: 3088: 3082:Richardson 1992 3080: 3076: 3070:Richardson 1992 3068: 3064: 3046:Richardson 1992 3044: 3040: 3032: 3028: 3022:Richardson 1992 3020: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2996: 2995: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2887: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2835: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2795: 2774:Dacia Aureliana 2769: 2755: 2753:Under Caracalla 2718: 2653:Marcus Aurelius 2566: 2514: 2443: 2441:Under Vespasian 2411:Alpes Maritimae 2400:Moesia Inferior 2368: 2220: 2198: 2153:Herod Archelaus 2138:Moesia Inferior 2134:Moesia Superior 2122:North Macedonia 2043:Western Numidia 1870: 1841: 1614:Attalid kingdom 1612:, formerly the 1604:Third Punic War 1540:First Punic War 1527: 1522: 1346: 1328: 1322: 1219: 1178: 1169: 1086: 1077:permanent court 1039:First Punic War 1029: 912: 844: 834:of the earlier 793: 736:Roman provinces 704: 675: 671:Other countries 662: 531: 488: 423: 368: 333: 289: 266:Sullan republic 231: 227: 218: 209: 205: 198: 188: 179: 170: 140: 127: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7454: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7221: 7220: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7103: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6972: 6970: 6962: 6961: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6802: 6801: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6635: 6630: 6624: 6622: 6614: 6613: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6565: 6564: 6557:Exclusion zone 6554: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6536:Economic zone 6533: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6513: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6497: 6495:Urban township 6492: 6487: 6485:Paper township 6482: 6480:Civil township 6477: 6471: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6386: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6346: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6300:Capital region 6297: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6281: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6266:Roman province 6262: 6255: 6249: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6214: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6134:Indian reserve 6131: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6084:Urban district 6081: 6080: 6079: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6042: 6037: 6035:Rural district 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5923: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5840: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5786: 5784: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5767: 5761: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5747: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5728:County borough 5724: 5722: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5684: 5676: 5675: 5661: 5660: 5648: 5647: 5639: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5596: 5589: 5583: 5573: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5525: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5497:Libya Inferior 5494: 5492:Libya Superior 5489: 5484: 5482:Augustamnica I 5479: 5474: 5469: 5463: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5370: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5282: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5238:Lycaonia (370) 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5214: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5160: 5152: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5108: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5079:Dacia Ripensis 5076: 5070: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5022: 5020: 5011: 4999: 4998: 4985: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4938: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4902: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4828: 4826: 4817: 4809: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4741:Carthaginensis 4738: 4733: 4727: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4708:Novempopulania 4705: 4703:Narbonensis II 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4679: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4660:Lugdunensis IV 4657: 4652: 4650:Lugdunensis II 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4616: 4614: 4605: 4593: 4592: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4515: 4514: 4506: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4483: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4331:Gallia Belgica 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4251:Arabia Petraea 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4203: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4180: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4159: 4158:External links 4156: 4154: 4153: 4145: 4139: 4124: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4091: 4077: 4062: 4056: 4041: 4035: 4022: 4016: 3998: 3992: 3977: 3963: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3944: 3935: 3920: 3905: 3897:|website= 3879: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3852:Modern sources 3848: 3845: 3843: 3842: 3815: 3800: 3782: 3753: 3742: 3722: 3715: 3695: 3673: 3664: 3652: 3650:, p. 347. 3640: 3628: 3616: 3604: 3592: 3590:, p. 364. 3580: 3568: 3556: 3544: 3542:, p. 355. 3529: 3517: 3501: 3489: 3487:, p. 309. 3477: 3475:, p. 114. 3465: 3446: 3431: 3425:978-0472100965 3424: 3391: 3375: 3373:, p. 307. 3363: 3356: 3338: 3336:, p. 306. 3326: 3310: 3298: 3280: 3258: 3246: 3244:, p. 573. 3230: 3228:, p. 573. 3218: 3216:, p. 292. 3206: 3194: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3132:, p. 247. 3122: 3110: 3108:, p. 570. 3098: 3096:, p. 567. 3086: 3074: 3072:, p. 565. 3062: 3038: 3026: 3024:, p. 564. 3011: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2863: 2859:Polemii Silvii 2852: 2844: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2820: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2782: 2781: 2768: 2767:Under Aurelian 2765: 2764: 2763: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2742:Syria Phoenice 2734: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2686: 2675: 2664: 2645:Antoninus Pius 2641:Dacia Inferior 2637:Dacia Superior 2613: 2598: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2549: 2530: 2523:Agri Decumates 2513: 2512:Under Domitian 2510: 2509: 2508: 2481: 2466: 2459:Lesser Armenia 2455: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2426: 2407: 2392: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2347: 2336: 2321: 2320:respectively). 2298:Severn Estuary 2286: 2263: 2248: 2219: 2218:Under Claudius 2216: 2215: 2214: 2197: 2196:Under Tiberius 2194: 2193: 2192: 2141: 2110: 2103: 2080: 2069: 2050:Gallia Belgica 2046: 2019: 2004: 1997: 1978: 1977:respectively). 1935: 1920: 1909: 1898: 1869: 1868:Under Augustus 1866: 1840: 1837: 1801:Cisalpine Gaul 1798: 1797: 1754: 1735: 1708: 1694: 1685:(73–63 BC) by 1667: 1652: 1629: 1606: 1584: 1574: 1564: 1553: 1542: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1436:Constantinople 1338:, promoted by 1321: 1318: 1301:imperium maius 1266:probably held 1218: 1215: 1177: 1174: 1168: 1165: 1157:Jugurthine War 1085: 1082: 1028: 1022: 911: 908: 843: 840: 792: 789: 764:and later the 762:Roman Republic 706: 705: 703: 702: 695: 688: 680: 677: 676: 674: 673: 667: 664: 663: 661: 660: 655: 650: 645: 638: 631: 624: 617: 610: 603: 600:Vigintisexviri 596: 589: 582: 575: 568: 561: 553: 552: 551: 543: 542: 538: 537: 530: 529: 522: 515: 508: 500: 497: 496: 490: 489: 487: 486: 479: 472: 465: 458: 453: 446: 441: 435: 432: 431: 425: 424: 422: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 380: 377: 376: 370: 369: 367: 366: 361: 356: 351: 345: 342: 341: 335: 334: 332: 331: 328:Cursus honorum 324: 319: 312: 307: 301: 298: 297: 291: 290: 288: 287: 282: 281: 280: 270: 269: 268: 258: 252: 249: 248: 242: 241: 240: 239: 230: 229: 220: 210: 208: 207: 200: 199:27 BC – AD 284 192: 191: 190: 189:27 BC – AD 395 181: 176:Roman Republic 172: 160: 159: 155: 154: 151: 150: 142: 141: 136: 129: 128: 126: 125: 118: 111: 103: 100: 99: 98: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 44: 43: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7453: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7376: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7242: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7219: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7085:Kommun/Kunta 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6956: 6952: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6909:Roman diocese 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6836: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6800: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6749:Neighbourhood 6747: 6745: 6742: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6628:Alpine resort 6626: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6608: 6604: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6558: 6555: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6511:Regional unit 6509: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6360:Federal state 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6223:Subprefecture 6221: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5993:Land district 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5968:City district 5966: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5811:Imperial city 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5744: 5740: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5657:English terms 5653: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5564: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5530: 5526: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5419:Palaestina II 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5326:Cappadocia II 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5296:Armenia Maior 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5153: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5004: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4986: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4895:Alpes Cottiae 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4810: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4761:Tarraconensis 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4698:Narbonensis I 4696: 4694: 4693:Aquitanica II 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4645:Lugdunensis I 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4554:Constantine I 4551: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4527: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4470: 4464: 4459: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4236:Alpes Cottiae 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4201: 4196: 4194: 4189: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4125: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4096:Other sources 4095: 4094: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4078:0-521-85073-8 4074: 4070: 4069: 4063: 4059: 4057:9780888660138 4053: 4049: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4036:90-247-1458-3 4032: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4017:0-19-815068-7 4013: 4009: 4008: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3986:. Routledge. 3985: 3984: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3941: 3940:CAH 10 (1996) 3936: 3932: 3931:CAH 10 (1996) 3927: 3926: 3923: 3921:0-521-26430-8 3917: 3913: 3912: 3906: 3902: 3890: 3882: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3850: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3778: 3772: 3764: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3743:9780198153009 3739: 3735: 3734: 3726: 3718: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3699: 3683: 3677: 3668: 3661: 3656: 3649: 3644: 3637: 3632: 3625: 3620: 3613: 3608: 3601: 3596: 3589: 3584: 3577: 3572: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3548: 3541: 3536: 3534: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3498: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3462:. p. 98. 3461: 3457: 3450: 3442: 3435: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3372: 3367: 3359: 3353: 3349: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3302: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3215: 3210: 3203: 3198: 3191: 3186: 3179: 3174: 3167: 3162: 3155: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3114: 3107: 3102: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3035: 3030: 3023: 3018: 3016: 2999: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2962: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2879: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2851:(ca. 400–420) 2850: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2800: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2702:praefectorial 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2672:procuratorial 2669: 2666:AD 103/114 – 2665: 2662: 2658: 2657:procuratorial 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2610:propraetorial 2607: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2495:, annexed by 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2435: 2434:procuratorial 2431: 2430:Alpes Cottiae 2427: 2424: 2423:procuratorial 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2360: 2359:procuratorial 2356: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2344:procuratorial 2341: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2318:propraetorial 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2283:propraetorial 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2261: 2260:procuratorial 2257: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2245:procuratorial 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2221: 2212: 2208: 2207:propraetorial 2204: 2200: 2199: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169:Herod Agrippa 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2096:propraetorial 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2078: 2077:procuratorial 2074: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1990:Julius Caesar 1988:conquered by 1987: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1975:propraetorial 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1959:propraetorial 1956: 1952: 1948: 1945:and southern 1944: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:Cleopatra VII 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1862: 1861:client states 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1836: 1834: 1833:Acta Caesaris 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1803:(in northern 1802: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1766:Julius Caesar 1763: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1702:Seleucid king 1699: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1616:, in western 1615: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1550:Mercenary War 1547: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1536:Carthaginians 1533: 1529: 1528: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1421:urban prefect 1418: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1326:Roman diocese 1317: 1314: 1310: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1224: 1214: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1196: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1173: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1121:promagistrate 1116: 1113: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1027: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1004: 998: 993: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 963: 957: 954: 948: 943: 939: 934: 929: 925: 924: 918: 907: 905: 893: 889: 885: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 788: 786: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 750: 745: 741: 737: 729: 724: 717: 712: 701: 696: 694: 689: 687: 682: 681: 679: 678: 672: 669: 668: 666: 665: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 643: 639: 637: 636: 632: 630: 629: 625: 623: 622: 618: 616: 615: 611: 609: 608: 604: 602: 601: 597: 595: 594: 590: 588: 587: 583: 581: 580: 576: 574: 573: 569: 567: 566: 562: 560: 559: 555: 554: 550: 547: 546: 545: 544: 540: 539: 536: 535: 528: 527: 523: 521: 520: 516: 514: 513: 509: 507: 506: 502: 501: 499: 498: 495: 492: 491: 485: 484: 480: 478: 477: 473: 471: 470: 466: 464: 463: 459: 457: 454: 452: 451: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 436: 434: 433: 430: 427: 426: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 399:Promagistrate 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 381: 379: 378: 375: 372: 371: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 346: 344: 343: 340: 337: 336: 330: 329: 325: 323: 320: 318: 317: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 302: 300: 299: 296: 293: 292: 286: 283: 279: 276: 275: 274: 271: 267: 264: 263: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 251: 250: 247: 244: 243: 238: 237: 233: 232: 226: 225: 221: 217: 216: 212: 211: 204: 201: 197: 194: 193: 187: 186: 182: 178: 177: 173: 169: 168: 167:Roman Kingdom 164: 163: 162: 161: 157: 156: 153: 152: 148: 144: 143: 139: 135: 134: 124: 119: 117: 112: 110: 105: 104: 102: 101: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 51: 48: 47: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 30: 29: 26: 22: 7380: 7301:Maalaiskunta 7261:Heerlijkheid 7101:Län (Sweden) 6769:Protectorate 6764:Principality 6685:Constituency 6574:Neutral zone 6369: 6265: 6264: 6257: 6232: 6145:Municipality 5823: 5816: 5809: 5795:Charter city 5769: 5700:Special area 5690:Insular area 5553:Spania (552) 5414:Palaestina I 5394:Euphratensis 5341:Helenopontus 5321:Cappadocia I 5228:Hellespontus 5127:Epirus Vetus 5094:Praevalitana 5009:of Illyricum 4799:Valentia (?) 4784:Britannia II 4688:Aquitanica I 4566:theme system 4531: 4370: 4173: 4151:(in German). 4148: 4129: 4116:. Retrieved 4112:the original 4107: 4067: 4046: 4029:. Springer. 4026: 4006: 3982: 3953: 3910: 3861: 3833:. Retrieved 3828: 3818: 3809: 3803: 3794: 3791:Cassius, Dio 3785: 3762: 3756: 3748:the original 3732: 3725: 3705: 3698: 3686:. Retrieved 3684:(in Italian) 3676: 3667: 3655: 3643: 3631: 3624:Drogula 2015 3619: 3612:Drogula 2015 3607: 3600:Drogula 2015 3595: 3588:Drogula 2015 3583: 3576:Drogula 2015 3571: 3559: 3552:Drogula 2015 3547: 3540:Drogula 2015 3525:Drogula 2015 3520: 3512: 3509:Drogula 2015 3504: 3492: 3485:Drogula 2015 3480: 3473:Lintott 1999 3468: 3455: 3449: 3443:. p. 8. 3440: 3434: 3405: 3394: 3386: 3383:Drogula 2015 3378: 3371:Drogula 2015 3366: 3347: 3341: 3334:Drogula 2015 3329: 3318:Drogula 2015 3313: 3306:Drogula 2015 3301: 3283: 3270: 3261: 3254:Drogula 2015 3249: 3238:Drogula 2015 3233: 3221: 3214:Drogula 2015 3209: 3202:Drogula 2015 3197: 3190:Drogula 2015 3185: 3178:Drogula 2015 3173: 3166:Drogula 2015 3161: 3154:Drogula 2015 3149: 3142:Drogula 2015 3137: 3130:Drogula 2015 3125: 3118:Drogula 2015 3113: 3101: 3089: 3077: 3065: 3057: 3056:, 516; Cic. 3053: 3049: 3041: 3029: 3002:. Retrieved 3000:(in Italian) 2865: 2854: 2846: 2838: 2823: 2815: 2701: 2671: 2656: 2651:) in 166 by 2621:Transylvania 2609: 2564:Under Trajan 2452:Antiochus IV 2433: 2422: 2358: 2343: 2317: 2294:River Humber 2282: 2277:and part of 2259: 2244: 2206: 2171:in AD 41 by 2148: 2130:Batonian War 2100:Guadalquivir 2095: 2076: 2042: 2038: 2035:Africa Vetus 2034: 2030: 1974: 1958: 1955:Batonian War 1894: 1832: 1818: 1808: 1799: 1781: 1778:Africa Vetus 1777: 1769: 1764:– Algeria), 1679:Nicomedes IV 1628:, in 133 BC. 1598:and western 1590:(modern-day 1506:theme system 1495: 1489: 1480: 1474: 1468: 1460: 1454: 1452: 1425: 1414: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1353:The emperor 1352: 1313:pro praetore 1312: 1309:pro praetore 1308: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292:pro praetore 1291: 1289: 1267: 1263: 1257: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1200: 1197: 1179: 1170: 1160: 1149:Gaius Marius 1146: 1141: 1135: 1132:pro praetore 1131: 1125: 1117: 1100: 1092:extra sortem 1087: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1049: 1030: 1025: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1002: 974: 966: 958: 927: 921: 913: 903: 887: 883: 867: 859: 855: 851: 845: 805: 794: 774: 766:Roman Empire 754:Ancient Rome 735: 733: 640: 633: 626: 619: 612: 605: 598: 591: 584: 577: 570: 563: 556: 532: 524: 517: 510: 503: 481: 474: 467: 460: 448: 326: 314: 310:Collegiality 246:Constitution 234: 223: 214: 185:Roman Empire 183: 174: 165: 50:Graeco-Roman 25: 7296:Landskommun 7188:Savivaldybė 7054:Switzerland 7049:South Tyrol 6929:Viceroyalty 6722:Governorate 6680:Condominium 6583:Trade zone 6457:Market town 6452:Census town 6350:Proto-state 6322:Microregion 5887:County town 5882:County seat 5749:Half-canton 5600:Justinian I 5472:Aegyptus II 5404:Mesopotamia 5351:Paphlagonia 5180:Haemimontus 5158:of the East 5122:Epirus Nova 5046:Pannonia II 4779:Britannia I 4640:Germania II 4471:'s reforms. 4403:Mesopotamia 3688:20 November 3660:Bowman 1996 3648:Bowman 1996 3636:Bowman 1996 3564:Bowman 1996 3414:. pp. 3288:Badian 2012 3004:20 November 2738:Syria Coele 2690:Mesopotamia 2668:Epirus Nova 2649:Tres Daciae 2633:Dacian Wars 2575:Trachonitis 2538:Netherlands 2532:AD 83/84 – 2517:AD 83/84 – 2415:French Alps 2402:. In 68 AD 2355:Switzerland 2265:AD 41/53 – 2147:, imperial 2124:, northern 2054:Netherlands 2031:Africa Nova 1932:Extremadura 1883:Mark Antony 1815:Roman Italy 1782:Africa Nova 1770:Africa Nova 1758:Africa Nova 1626:Attalus III 1582:Achaean War 1400:correctores 1377:Roman Italy 1285:Balkan wars 1204:which gave 1201:lex Gabinia 1161:lex Gabinia 1142:pro consule 1137:pro consule 1099:passed the 801:Roman Italy 758:Roman Italy 505:Mos maiorum 285:Late Empire 228:AD 395–1453 7425:Categories 7244:Historical 7208:Shahrestān 7151:Autonomous 6899:Presidency 6847:Historical 6816:Suzerainty 6799:Autonomous 6643:Autonomous 6365:Free state 6355:City-state 6317:Mesoregion 6210:Prefecture 5937:Department 5577:reconquest 5467:Aegyptus I 5429:Phoenice I 5384:Cilicia II 5291:Armenia II 5041:Pannonia I 4713:Viennensis 4635:Germania I 4630:Belgica II 4570:Asia Minor 4542:Diocletian 4469:Diocletian 4281:Cappadocia 4108:Livius.org 3835:14 October 3497:Crook 1996 3387:provinciae 3034:Mason 1974 2953:References 2867:Synecdemus 2856:Laterculus 2797:See also: 2704:province). 2674:province). 2643:in 158 by 2608:(imperial 2583:Gaulanitis 2544:, part of 2436:province). 2385:Cappadocia 2366:Under Nero 2361:province). 2346:province). 2285:province). 2262:province). 2247:province). 2227:(northern 2203:Cappadocia 2183:; renamed 2090:(southern 2075:(imperial 2062:Luxembourg 1895:praefectus 1594:, eastern 1502:Exarchates 1440:Mediolanum 1394:consulares 1381:proconsuls 1355:Diocletian 1340:Diocletian 1112:provinciae 1106:provinciae 1084:Assignment 1057:provinciae 1024:Permanent 997:provinciae 962:provinciae 953:provinciae 914:The Latin 828:equestrian 814:or former 808:senatorial 777:Diocletian 749:provinciae 586:Praefectus 494:Public law 349:Centuriate 339:Assemblies 316:Auctoritas 219:AD 395–476 206:AD 284–641 196:Principate 171:753–509 BC 7441:Provinces 7285:Landskap 7281:Län/Lääni 7235:Vingtaine 7203:Seniūnija 7193:Selsoviet 7168:Poblacion 7105:Landskap 7035:Gemeinde 7026:Freguesia 6981:Apskritis 6904:Residency 6869:Exarchate 6811:Sultanate 6702:Eldership 6633:Bailiwick 6382:Territory 6332:Subregion 6077:in the US 5909:Viscounty 5836:Community 5379:Cilicia I 5331:Galatia I 5286:Armenia I 5253:Pamphylia 5185:Moesia II 5142:Thessalia 4919:Raetia II 4751:Lusitania 4746:Gallaecia 4736:Balearica 4625:Belgica I 4388:Macedonia 4276:Britannia 3973:905949529 3899:ignored ( 3889:cite book 3862:provincia 3810:Athenaeum 3771:cite book 3765:. London. 3402:(1991) . 3293:provincia 2958:Citations 2917:Geography 2870:(ca. 520) 2862:(ca. 430) 2843:(ca. 310) 2828:(ca. 140) 2826:(Ptolemy) 2824:Geography 2819:(ca. 100) 2787:conquest. 2772:AD 271 – 2758:AD 214 – 2736:AD 194 – 2721:AD 193 – 2707:AD 116 – 2688:AD 116 – 2677:AD 114 – 2615:AD 107 – 2612:province) 2600:AD 106 – 2587:Auranitis 2501:Pamphylia 2489:Vespasian 2448:Commagene 2425:province) 2409:AD 63? – 2349:AD 47? – 2329:Pamphylia 2290:Britannia 2269:(central 2211:Archelaus 2086:; former 2079:province) 2010:(central 1982:Aquitania 1963:Vespasian 1939:Illyricum 1924:Lusitania 1915:; former 1906:Macedonia 1788:restored 1760:(Eastern 1728:Pamphylia 1660:Cyrenaica 1649:Marseille 1631:120 BC – 1608:129 BC – 1586:146 BC – 1578:Macedonia 1576:147 BC – 1566:197 BC – 1555:197 BC – 1544:237 BC – 1530:241 BC – 1448:Nicomedia 1406:praesides 1360:tetrarchy 1281:Macedonia 1277:Illyricum 1229:lex Titia 1193:autocracy 1183:popularis 1044:provincia 1034:provincia 1026:provincia 1018:provincia 1014:provincia 1010:provincia 975:provincia 967:provincia 933:provincia 917:provincia 910:Emergence 860:provincia 856:provincia 824:Cleopatra 797:Tetrarchy 744:provincia 628:Imperator 476:Decemviri 469:Triumviri 439:Corrector 180:509–27 BC 7386:See also 7121:Maakunta 7116:Località 7061:Gemeente 7021:Frazione 6991:Barangay 6821:Townland 6759:Precinct 6744:Muftiate 6695:District 6655:Cadastre 6467:Township 6245:Province 6136:(Canada) 6094:Division 5955:District 5346:Honorias 5316:Bithynia 5089:Moesia I 5084:Dardania 5026:Dalmatia 4947:Byzacena 4914:Raetia I 4862:Sardinia 4837:Campania 4815:of Italy 4538:dioceses 4311:Dalmatia 4226:Aegyptus 4209:(117 AD) 4118:26 March 4004:(1999). 3269:(2000). 3060:, 26.63. 2875:See also 2816:Germania 2778:Aurelian 2760:Osrhoene 2661:Aurelian 2551:AD 92 – 2527:Domitian 2497:Claudius 2483:AD 74 – 2474:Augustus 2457:AD 72 – 2446:AD 72 – 2428:AD 63 – 2413:(on the 2394:AD 63 – 2371:AD 62 – 2338:AD 46 – 2331:to form 2323:AD 43 – 2302:Agricola 2288:AD 43 – 2275:Slovenia 2250:AD 42 – 2241:Claudius 2237:Caligula 2223:AD 42 – 2201:AD 17 – 2173:Claudius 2126:Bulgaria 2112:AD 6? – 2082:14 BC – 2071:15 BC – 2048:22 BC – 2021:25 BC – 2012:Anatolia 2006:25 BC – 1951:Dalmatia 1947:Pannonia 1937:27 BC – 1928:Portugal 1922:27 BC – 1911:27 BC – 1900:27 BC – 1879:Augustus 1875:Aegyptus 1873:30 BC – 1825:Augustus 1813:part of 1810:de facto 1792:(son of 1786:Augustus 1756:46 BC – 1737:58 BC – 1710:63 BC – 1696:63 BC – 1669:63 BC – 1654:67 BC – 1641:the Alps 1620:(now in 1618:Anatolia 1514:Dominate 1442:(modern 1416:vicarius 1411:dioceses 1366:Augustus 1307:legates 1297:imperium 1268:imperium 944:was the 938:quaestor 928:imperium 923:imperium 904:eparchos 884:eparchia 852:province 820:Augustus 816:praetors 770:governor 756:outside 716:Augustus 658:Tetrarch 648:Augustus 593:Vicarius 572:Officium 483:Interrex 444:Dictator 419:Governor 394:Quaestor 359:Plebeian 305:Imperium 261:Republic 236:Timeline 203:Dominate 7381:italics 7341:Satrapy 7326:Pargana 7251:Commote 7109:Finland 7089:Finland 7081:Kampong 7071:Hromada 7044:Germany 7039:Austria 7011:Comarca 6969:Current 6924:Tithing 6894:Monthon 6879:Hundred 6826:Village 6779:Regency 6774:Quarter 6707:Emirate 6675:Commune 6665:Circuit 6621:Current 5919:Country 5757:Capital 5720:Borough 5543:Taurica 5477:Arcadia 5439:Syria I 5409:Osroene 5399:Isauria 5258:Pisidia 5233:Islands 5200:Thracia 5195:Scythia 5190:Rhodope 4909:Aemilia 4905:Liguria 4877:Valeria 4867:Sicilia 4857:Samnium 4842:Corsica 4731:Baetica 4603:of Gaul 4558:Ravenna 4523:History 4448:Thracia 4438:Sicilia 4418:Noricum 4321:Galatia 4286:Cilicia 4266:Assyria 4256:Armenia 3847:Sources 2912:Ecumene 2723:Numidia 2709:Assyria 2683:Hadrian 2679:Armenia 2663:in 271. 2629:Oltenia 2579:Batanea 2553:Chalcis 2546:Belgium 2505:Galatia 2478:Cilicia 2470:Cilicia 2381:Colchis 2340:Thracia 2296:to the 2279:Bavaria 2271:Austria 2267:Noricum 2256:Algeria 2233:Ptolemy 2229:Morocco 2189:Hadrian 2177:Galilee 2157:Samaria 2143:AD 6 – 2105:7 BC – 2058:Belgium 2027:Juba II 2016:Amyntas 2008:Galatia 1943:Illyria 1891:pharaoh 1851:(117); 1820:de jure 1790:Juba II 1762:Numidia 1747:Cilicia 1716:Cilicia 1712:Cilicia 1596:Algeria 1592:Tunisia 1532:Sicilia 1510:themata 1476:limites 1463:Notitia 1403:to the 1254:legates 942:praetor 898:ἔπαρχος 878:ἐπαρχίᾱ 868:eparchy 848:English 812:consuls 791:History 728:Hadrian 579:Praeses 558:Legatus 549:Emperor 409:Tribune 389:Praetor 354:Curiate 256:Kingdom 224:Eastern 215:Western 158:Periods 60:Islamic 55:Chinese 7356:Syssel 7346:Socken 7314:Greece 7289:Sweden 7276:Korale 7271:Köping 7266:Komunë 7230:Tehsil 7146:Oblast 7094:Sweden 7016:Comune 7001:Bezirk 6996:Bashki 6986:Bakhsh 6859:Barony 6854:Agency 6831:Summer 6794:Sector 6789:Riding 6754:Parish 6727:Hamlet 6670:Colony 6660:Circle 6638:Banner 6277:Region 5859:County 5743:Canton 5595:in 536 5389:Cyprus 5374:Arabia 5175:Europa 5112:Achaea 4562:Africa 4433:Raetia 4378:Iudaea 4372:Italia 4316:Epirus 4301:Cyprus 4221:Achaia 4137: 4087:121060 4085: 4075: 4054: 4033: 4014: 3990: 3971: 3961: 3918: 3877: 3740: 3713: 3422: 3418:, 15. 3354: 2627:, and 2623:, the 2606:Trajan 2602:Arabia 2591:Paneas 2571:Iturea 2499:, and 2389:Trajan 2373:Pontus 2181:Peraea 2165:Idumea 2163:, and 2145:Judaea 2118:Serbia 2114:Moesia 2102:River. 2073:Raetia 1994:census 1902:Achaia 1849:Trajan 1829:Caesar 1794:Juba I 1774:Africa 1739:Cyprus 1720:piracy 1687:Pompey 1673:; the 1622:Turkey 1588:Africa 1372:caesar 1279:, and 1273:Africa 1264:legati 1246:public 1223:fasces 1206:Pompey 1067:ad hoc 1052:Baetis 1003:ad hoc 983:Second 888:eparch 746:, pl. 653:Caesar 614:Lictor 414:Censor 404:Aedile 384:Consul 364:Tribal 273:Empire 7351:Subah 7336:Rreth 7331:Plasă 7321:Pagus 7309:Egypt 7305:Nome 7225:Sýsla 7218:China 7198:Sitio 7183:Raion 7173:Purok 7163:Ostān 7158:Okrug 7136:Mukim 7131:Muban 7126:Megye 7076:Județ 7066:Gmina 6919:Tenth 6889:March 6864:Burgh 6806:Shire 6737:Royal 6732:Manor 6690:Duchy 6650:Block 6342:State 5248:Lydia 5243:Lycia 5223:Caria 5117:Creta 5051:Savia 4443:Syria 4306:Dacia 3058:Cael. 3054:Haut. 3050:Capt. 2746:Syria 2625:Banat 2617:Dacia 2542:Rhine 2493:Lycia 2404:Galba 2325:Lycia 2161:Judea 2092:Spain 2066:Rhine 1805:Italy 1724:Lycia 1698:Syria 1664:Crete 1600:Libya 1470:duces 1444:Milan 936:of a 892:Greek 872:Greek 850:word 832:kings 740:Latin 7361:Zhou 7178:Qark 6914:Seat 6874:Hide 6838:Ward 6530:Zone 6504:Unit 6444:Town 5782:City 5683:Area 5218:Asia 4560:and 4261:Asia 4135:ISBN 4120:2020 4083:OCLC 4073:ISBN 4052:ISBN 4031:ISBN 4012:ISBN 3988:ISBN 3969:OCLC 3959:ISBN 3916:ISBN 3901:help 3875:ISBN 3837:2014 3777:link 3738:ISBN 3711:ISBN 3690:2021 3420:ISBN 3352:ISBN 3006:2021 2740:and 2694:Iraq 2639:and 2589:and 2419:Nero 2312:and 2179:and 2136:and 1986:Gaul 1969:and 1930:and 1885:and 1726:and 1610:Asia 1397:and 1389:Asia 1387:and 985:and 846:The 734:The 7256:Gau 7213:Sum 6976:Amt 4907:et 3867:doi 3515:34. 2729:by 2525:by 2187:by 1835:). 1383:of 1349:). 1248:or 906:). 787:). 565:Dux 512:Ius 462:Rex 7427:: 7383:. 7031:Fu 4546:c. 4544:, 4106:. 4081:. 3967:. 3893:: 3891:}} 3887:{{ 3873:. 3827:. 3793:. 3773:}} 3769:{{ 3532:^ 3513:RG 3458:. 3410:. 3273:. 3014:^ 2965:^ 2585:, 2581:, 2577:, 2573:, 2487:. 2391:). 2335:). 2159:, 2060:, 2045:). 1714:; 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