1471:
1528:
1455:
4286:
1502:
933:
542:
829:
1977:
1483:
2153:
2074:
2420:
3641:
3079:
3248:
2763:
2009:
4431:
3409:
2591:
3098:
2512:
2313:
2048:
3232:
1665:
878:. It is not known with any certainty what level of maritime technology was used by these groups – the presumption is that they used large bamboo rafts which may have been equipped with some sort of sail. The reduction in favourable winds for a crossing to Sahul after 58,000 B.P. fits with the dating of the settlement of Australia, with no later migrations in the prehistoric period. The seafaring abilities of pre-Austronesian residents of Island South-east Asia are confirmed by the settlement of
2565:
9370:
205:
2709:
4395:
2100:
2473:
2179:
191:
2499:
2900:
2875:
2861:
2847:
2819:
2805:
2791:
2777:
2735:
2670:
1995:
2406:
3797:
3649:
3366:
2434:
2366:
2140:
2578:
1673:
2617:
2114:
4383:
1546:
3113:
2379:
1123:
3717:
2552:
2247:
2233:
2207:
2833:
2300:
2220:
2035:
2604:
2273:
2087:
2643:
2127:
4578:
2696:
2683:
2657:
2022:
2460:
2326:
2539:
4407:
2630:
2447:
2352:
2339:
2286:
2061:
181:
2166:
2486:
2392:
2193:
2749:
2526:
3135:
2260:
1649:
4419:
3386:
65:
1454:
3783:
Deep-sea mining for manganese nodules appears to have drastic consequences for the ocean. It disrupts deep-sea ecosystems and may cause irreversible damage to fragile marine habitats. Sediment stirring and chemical pollution threaten various marine animals. In addition, the mining process can lead to
3309:
activity peaks in late summer, when the difference between temperatures aloft and sea surface temperatures is the greatest; however, each particular basin has its own seasonal patterns. On a worldwide scale, May is the least active month, while
September is the most active month. November is the only
3151:
also varies latitudinally, reaching a maximum of 37 parts per thousand in the southeastern area. The water near the equator, which can have a salinity as low as 34 parts per thousand, is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes because of abundant equatorial precipitation throughout the year.
3486:
Within the closed loop of the andesite line are most of the deep troughs, submerged volcanic mountains, and oceanic volcanic islands that characterize the
Pacific basin. Here basaltic lavas gently flow out of rifts to build huge dome-shaped volcanic mountains whose eroded summits form island arcs,
1028:
by around 500 CE. More recently, it is suggested that
Austronesians expanded already earlier, arriving in the Philippines already in 7000 BCE. Additional earlier migrations into Insular Southeast Asia, associated with Austroasiatic-speakers from Mainland Southeast Asia, are estimated to have taken
3663:
The
Northwestern Pacific Ocean is most susceptible to micro plastic pollution due to its proximity to highly populated countries like Japan and China. The quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north-east Pacific Ocean increased a hundredfold between 1972 and 2012. The ever-growing
3342:
within the Mid-Latitudes can be particularly strong, especially in the
Southern Hemisphere, due to the temperature difference between the tropics and Antarctica, which records the coldest temperature readings on the planet. In the Southern hemisphere, because of the stormy and cloudy conditions
3146:
The volume of the
Pacific Ocean, representing about 50.1 percent of the world's oceanic water, has been estimated at some 714 million cubic kilometers (171 million cubic miles). Surface water temperatures in the Pacific can vary from −1.4 °C (29.5 °F), the freezing point of
3043:
Islands in the
Pacific Ocean are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. Continental islands lie outside the andesite line and include New Guinea, the islands of New Zealand, and the Philippines. Some of these islands are structurally
1703:
in the north. The
Pacific Ocean encompasses approximately one-third of the Earth's surface, having an area of 165,200,000 km (63,800,000 sq mi) – larger than Earth's entire landmass combined, 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi).
3693:, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has ended up floating in a lake, sea, ocean, or waterway. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter.
4360:
4298:
4290:
1470:
980:) – it is likely that the progressive development of these technologies were related to the later steps of settlement into Near and Remote Oceania. Starting at around 2200 BCE, Austronesians sailed southwards to settle the
3333:
In the arctic, icing from
October to May can present a hazard for shipping while persistent fog occurs from June to December. A climatological low in the Gulf of Alaska keeps the southern coast wet and mild during the winter months. The
3674:
is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. The main culprits are those using the rivers for disposing of their waste. The rivers then empty into the ocean, often also bringing chemicals used as
3262:
in the southern and eastern
Pacific are remarkably steady while conditions in the North Pacific are far more varied with, for example, cold winter temperatures on the east coast of Russia contrasting with the milder weather off
1801:, the Pacific Ocean is currently shrinking by roughly 2.5 cm (1 in) per year on three sides, roughly averaging 0.52 km (0.20 sq mi) a year. By contrast, the Atlantic Ocean is increasing in size.
4365:
4302:
3617:
has become a serious problem in some areas. Overfishing leads to depleted fish populations and closed fisheries, causing both economic and ecologic consequences. For example, catches in the rich fishing grounds of the
6875:
1987:(Inhabited dependent territories are denoted by the asterisk (*), with names of the corresponding sovereign states in round brackets. Associated states in the Realm of New Zealand are denoted by the hash sign (#).)
7017:
1564:
during the 19th century resulted in the occupation of much of Oceania by European powers, and later Japan and the United States. Significant contributions to oceanographic knowledge were made by the voyages of
3152:
The lowest counts of less than 32 parts per thousand are found in the far north as less evaporation of seawater takes place in these frigid areas. The motion of Pacific waters is generally clockwise in the
3059:
off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. Examples include
3779:
that contain minerals such as magnesium, nickel, copper, zinc and cobalt. The largest deposits of these are found in the Pacific Ocean between Mexico and Hawaii in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone.
2913:
The Pacific Ocean has most of the islands in the world. There are about 25,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands entirely within the Pacific Ocean can be divided into three main groups known as
3756:
3725:
333:
covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of the planet's total surface area, larger than its entire land area (148,000,000 km (57,000,000 sq mi)). The centers of both the
5748:"International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, Volume 15 Number 1, 2021, Determining the Areas and Geographical Centers of Pacific Ocean and its Northern and Southern Halves, pp 25–31, Arjun Tan"
3759:
into the Pacific Ocean over a course of 30 years was approved by the Japanese Cabinet. The Cabinet concluded the radioactive water would have been diluted to drinkable standard. Apart from dumping,
3760:
1444:
on his voyage of exploration, established the width of the Pacific with precision for the first time in history. One of the earliest voyages of scientific exploration was organized by Spain in the
3191:, while the rest turns southward to rejoin the North Equatorial Current. The Aleutian Current branches as it approaches North America and forms the base of a counter-clockwise circulation in the
1695:
The Pacific separates Asia and Australia from the Americas. It may be further subdivided by the equator into northern (North Pacific) and southern (South Pacific) portions. It extends from the
7123:
5019:
1617:
in 1888. By occupying Easter Island, Chile joined the imperial nations. By 1900 nearly all Pacific islands were in control of Britain, France, United States, Germany, Japan, and Chile.
7245:"ALGUNAS CONSECUENCIAS JURÍDICAS DE LA INVOCACIÓN POR PARTE DE CHILE DE LA "TEORÍA DE LA DELIMITACIÓN NATURAL DE LOS OCÉANOS" EN EL DIFERENDO SOBRE LA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL AUSTRAL"
3558:
The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is hampered by the ocean's great depths. In shallow waters of the continental shelves off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand,
1482:
424:, located in the northwestern Pacific, is the deepest known point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,928 meters (35,853 feet). The Pacific also contains the deepest point in the
1794:) below sea level. Its average depth is 4,280 m (14,040 ft; 2,340 fathoms), putting the total water volume at roughly 710,000,000 km (170,000,000 cu mi).
1501:
6100:
Toward an Ecosystem Approach for the Western Pacific Region: from Species-based Fishery Management Plans to Place-based Fishery Ecosystem Plans: Environmental Impact Statement
4792:
Heiske, Margit; Alva, Omar; Pereda-Loth, Veronica; Van Schalkwyk, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Letellier, Thierry; Rakotarisoa, Jean-Aimé; Pierron, Denis (22 January 2021).
7035:
3483:
along South America to Mexico, returning then to the islands off California. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand lie outside the andesite line.
6010:
Carta universal en que se contiene todo lo que del mundo se ha descubierto fasta agora / hizola Diego Ribero cosmographo de su magestad, ano de 1529, e[n] Sevilla
3347:
riding the jet stream, it is usual to refer to the Westerlies as the Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Shrieking Sixties according to the varying degrees of latitude.
7008:
6466:
5921:
4749:
Winter, Olaf; Clark, Geoffrey; Anderson, Atholl; Lindahl, Anders (September 2012). "Austronesian sailing to the northern Marianas, a comment on Hung et al. (2011)".
7089:
6872:
7764:
3668:
between California and Japan is three times the size of France. An estimated 80,000 metric tons of plastic inhabit the patch, totaling 1.8 trillion pieces.
1246:, completing the first world circumnavigation in 1522. Sailing around and east of the Moluccas, between 1525 and 1527, Portuguese expeditions encountered the
4320:
3784:
greenhouse gas emissions and promote further climate change. Preventing deep-sea mining is therefore important to ensure the long-term health of the ocean.
6483:
3431:'s description of it as "a pacific sea" during his circumnavigation from 1519 to 1522. To Magellan, it seemed much more calm (pacific) than the Atlantic.
6094:
3078:
4588:
1448:
of 1789–1794. It sailed vast areas of the Pacific, from Cape Horn to Alaska, Guam and the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the South Pacific.
1381:
was at times patrolled by fleets sent to prevent the entrance of non-Spanish ships. On the western side of the Pacific Ocean the Dutch threatened the
6989:
4285:
5011:
4529:
3322:
form south of Mexico, sometimes striking the western Mexican coast and occasionally the Southwestern United States between June and October, while
3055:
of the South Pacific are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. One of the most dramatic is the
1754:
1527:
6491:
6441:
6090:
6088:
6900:
7860:
4655:
3828:
325:
At 165,250,000 square kilometers (63,800,000 square miles) in area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), this largest division of the
166:
79:
6797:
794:, more than 25,000 islands, large and small, rise above the surface of the Pacific Ocean. Multiple islands were the shells of former active
1409:
4297:
Scientific researchers have proposed delimiting the boundary between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by two different natural boundaries,
7108:
7692:
5542:
A Synopsis of the Cruise of the U.S.S. "Tuscarora": From the Date of Her Commission to Her Arrival in San Francisco, Cal. Sept. 2d, 1874
1636:
came under the control of the United States. Since the end of World War II, many former colonies in the Pacific have become independent
1624:
and the Philippines from Spain in 1898, Japan controlled most of the western Pacific by 1914 and occupied many other islands during the
9134:
8993:
6434:
7209:
7039:
3585:
are an important economic asset in the Pacific. The shallower shoreline waters of the continents and the more temperate islands yield
7196:
4844:
Gray RD, Drummond AJ, Greenhill SJ (January 2009). "Language phylogenies reveal expansion pulses and pauses in Pacific settlement".
9320:
7197:'PEW - The Clarion-Clipperton Zone - Valuable minerals and many unusual species can be found on the eastern Pacific Ocean seafloor'
1739: – halfway around the world, and more than five times the diameter of the Moon. Its geographic center is in eastern
1080:), mixing with earlier Austronesian migrations in the region. This remained the furthest extent of the Austronesian expansion into
3502:
zones. Only the central part of the North American coast and the Antarctic and Australian coasts have no nearby subduction zones.
3326:
forming in the northwestern Pacific moving into southeast and east Asia from May to December. Tropical cyclones also form in the
342:
854:
Important human migrations occurred in the Pacific in prehistoric times. Modern humans first reached the western Pacific in the
9422:
9127:
9013:
7524:
Pacific Island Landscapes: Landscape and Geological Development of Southwest Pacific Islands, Especially Fiji, Samoa and Tonga
7138:
3449:
igneous rock on its margins. The andesite line follows the western edge of the islands off California and passes south of the
1273:. For the remainder of the 16th century, Spain maintained military and mercantile control, with ships sailing from Mexico and
1148:
The first contact of European navigators with the western edge of the Pacific Ocean was made by the Portuguese expeditions of
9122:
9056:
7782:
7650:
7631:
7608:
7580:
7554:
7535:
7511:
7492:
7460:
7441:
7422:
7403:
7382:
7303:
6766:
6717:
6690:
6663:
6636:
6609:
6533:
6322:
6235:
6208:
6181:
6154:
6127:
6073:
5966:
5939:
5889:
5813:
5731:
5668:
The Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America
5652:
5451:
5390:
5344:
5310:
5216:
5145:
5098:
4994:
4630:
O'Connor, Sue; Hiscock, Peter (2018). "The Peopling of Sahul and Near Oceania". In Cochrane, Ethan E; Hunt, Terry L. (eds.).
3305:
during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean from the Asian landmass. Worldwide,
281:
7528:
7124:"How many nuclear weapons are at the bottom of the sea. An (almost certainly incomplete) census of broken arrows over water"
6463:
4727:
4686:
4543:
9117:
9081:
9020:
7484:
6032:
4275:
3044:
associated with nearby continents. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Among these are
1677:
1203:
156:
7320:
4560:
9110:
9105:
9051:
6413:
3705:
3543:
1332:("the Southern Land"), Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator
1004:, and the first to cross vast distances of open water. They also continued spreading southwards and settling the rest of
5904:
858:, at around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Originating from a southern coastal human migration out of Africa, they reached
8979:
7853:
7835:– Realtime (OSCAR) Near-realtime Pacific Ocean Surface Currents derived from satellite altimeter and scatterometer data
4904:
4721:
4680:
4639:
3775:
An emerging threat for the Pacific ocean is the development of deep-sea mining. Deep-sea mining is aimed at extracting
3097:
9061:
7177:
6397:
5629:
5368:
5122:
4895:
Pawley A (2002). "The Austronesian dispersal: languages, technologies and people". In Bellwood PS, Renfrew C (eds.).
4315:
3286:
is computed, and if the region is more than 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) above or below normal for that period, then an
886:
by 25,000 B.P. Journeys of 180 kilometres (110 mi) and 230 kilometres (140 mi) are involved, respectively.
151:
7832:
5208:
The Discoveries of the World from Their First Original Unto the Year of Our Lord 1555, issued by the Hakluyt Society
3495:. The Ring of Fire is named after the several hundred active volcanoes that sit above the various subduction zones.
932:
798:
that have lain dormant for thousands of years. Close to the equator, without vast areas of blue ocean, are a dot of
9076:
9066:
9008:
8986:
8969:
8964:
8883:
3749:
3635:
6781:
4608:
9086:
8915:
8781:
8695:
8645:
7818:
7812:
6337:
5684:
3112:
1226:
in his honor until the eighteenth century. Magellan stopped at one uninhabited Pacific island before stopping at
7806:
5780:
3275:
3089:
47:
9030:
3327:
2158:
558:
39:
35:
6482:
4794:"Genetic evidence and historical theories of the Asian and African origins of the present Malagasy population"
9340:
9325:
7846:
7623:
6285:
4481:
3438:
is the most significant regional distinction in the Pacific. A petrologic boundary, it separates the deeper,
3212:
1841:
1441:
541:
7700:
Dirlik, Arif. "The Asia-Pacific Idea: Reality and Representation in the Invention of a Regional Structure",
7072:[Prime Minister Suga asks if the treated radioactive water is drinkable. Here is TEPCO's response].
5490:
5053:
Langdon, Robert. The Bamboo Raft as a Key to the Introduction of the Sweet Potato in Prehistoric Polynesia,
2957:
and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. The other main Melanesian groups from north to south are the
1333:
9373:
9025:
8655:
8382:
8087:
7368:
7244:
3356:
1976:
1965:
1957:, caused by underwater earthquakes, have devastated many islands and in some cases destroyed entire towns.
1549:
1461:
8512:
7374:
5234:
South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800, Volume 1 de South East Asia, Colonial History
5189:
3665:
3631:
3416:
3139:
1653:
6514:"A Review of South Pacific Tropical Cyclones: Impacts of Natural Climate Variability and Climate Change"
1377: – a sea closed to other naval powers. As the only known entrance from the Atlantic, the
8690:
8675:
7973:
7958:
7361:
5671:
4373:
1397:
1180:
1117:
828:
819:
500:
334:
6915:
4466:
1262:
1195:) because the ocean was to the south of the coast of the isthmus where he first observed the Pacific.
9071:
9003:
8974:
8959:
8700:
8625:
6990:"'Great Pacific Garbage Patch' is massive floating island of plastic, now 3 times the size of France"
6892:
6430:
4350:
3622:
off the Russian coast have been reduced by at least half since the 1990s as a result of overfishing.
3487:
chains, and clusters. Outside the andesite line, volcanism is of the explosive type, and the Pacific
1401:
274:
6381:
3808:
3215:. As it approaches the Chilean coast, the South Equatorial Current divides; one branch flows around
8660:
8577:
8160:
7873:
5515:
3378:
3200:
3165:
2425:
1633:
196:
43:
7838:
5256:
4361:
Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Shackleton Fracture Zone
4291:
Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Shackleton Fracture Zone
3211:, and joins the main westerly circulation of the South Pacific, which includes the Earth-circling
1937:, the explorer indeed found the ocean peaceful; however, the Pacific is not always peaceful. Many
1735:, where it stretches approximately 19,800 km (12,300 mi) from Indonesia to the coast of
1235:
1104:
by 1000 CE; and finally New Zealand by 1200 CE. Austronesians may have also reached as far as the
1064:
by 900 to 800 BCE. Some also back-migrated northwards in 200 BCE to settle the islands of eastern
9307:
8998:
8905:
8582:
8292:
8287:
6353:
6250:
3737:
3680:
3315:
3311:
3279:
2927:
1911:
1005:
926:
902:
863:
366:
17:
1961:
1804:
Along the Pacific Ocean's irregular western margins lie many seas, the largest of which are the
1433:
9432:
9412:
9402:
9284:
9091:
8685:
8488:
7643:
Prehistory in the Pacific Islands: A Study of Variation in Language, Customs, and Human Biology
6562:
5721:
3920:
3278:(ENSO) affects weather conditions. To determine the phase of ENSO, the most recent three-month
3258:
The climate patterns of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres generally mirror each other. The
1907:
947:
898:
879:
870:, and then Australia by making the sea crossing of at least 80 kilometres (50 mi) between
7772:
7756:, annual feature in January issue since 1979; comprehensive listing of new books and articles.
6756:
6653:
6312:
6225:
6171:
6063:
5642:
5557:
5441:
5336:
5330:
5135:
3574:, Nicaragua, Panama, and the Philippines, although in sharply declining volume in some cases.
3381:
along part of the west coast of North America, whose trench is completely buried in sediments.
9377:
9241:
9161:
8804:
8705:
8314:
7686:
7522:
6707:
6365:
6144:
6098:
5956:
5879:
5468:"Library Acquires Copy of 1507 Waldseemüller World Map – News Releases (Library of Congress)"
5302:
4899:. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge. pp. 251–273.
4593:
4581: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
3344:
1577:
1533:
1169:
875:
787:
299:
7733:
6680:
6267:
5803:
5380:
4672:
Ancient Ocean Crossings: Reconsidering the Case for Contacts with the Pre-Columbian Americas
1349:
521:
of the world in 1521, as he encountered favorable winds on reaching the ocean. He called it
9251:
8227:
7945:
7681:
7229:
6927:
6827:
6628:
Map New Zealand: 100 Magnificent Maps from the Collection of the Alexander Turnbull Library
5842:
5569:
5540:
4986:
4933:
4853:
4280:
3598:
2958:
1584:
1445:
1157:
1037:
985:
955:
951:
937:
914:
840:
823:
267:
7069:
5293:
Henderson, James D.; Delpar, Helen; Brungardt, Maurice Philip; Weldon, Richard N. (2000).
5206:
1964:
map of 1507 was the first to show the Americas separating two distinct oceans. Later, the
1352:. Dutch explorers, sailing around southern Africa, also engaged in exploration and trade;
1202:
and his crew were the first to cross the Pacific in recorded history. They were part of a
1130:
8:
8900:
8565:
8502:
8478:
8309:
8170:
8116:
8057:
8028:
7968:
7963:
7182:
5202:
4504:
4129:
3684:
3640:
3480:
3454:
3208:
3184:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3045:
1720:
1357:
1282:
1251:
1084:
until around 700 CE when there was another surge of island exploration. They reached the
672:
425:
6931:
6916:"Environmental implications of microplastic pollution in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean"
6831:
6601:
6579:
5846:
5573:
5250:
4937:
4857:
1153:
1149:
9188:
8809:
8772:
8650:
8096:
8018:
7978:
7953:
7478:
7009:"'Great Pacific garbage patch' 16 times bigger than previously thought, say scientists"
6959:
6850:
6815:
6539:
5860:
5703:
5587:
5423:
4956:
4921:
4877:
4774:
4649:
4399:
4355:
4171:
3428:
3196:
3118:
3056:
2966:
1930:
1923:
1900:
1888:
1861:
1732:
1657:
1629:
1378:
1364:
circumnavigated and landed on parts of the Australian continental coast and arrived at
1261:
In 1564, five Spanish ships carrying 379 soldiers crossed the ocean from Mexico led by
1199:
1173:
964:–1500 BCE. They are associated with distinctive maritime sailing technologies (notably
708:
514:
338:
7263:
7242:
6512:
Chand, Savin S.; Dowdy, Andrew; Bell, Samuel; Tory, Kevin (2020), Kumar, Lalit (ed.),
3522:, about 200 million years ago. The oldest Pacific Ocean floor is only around 180
1218:(or "Pacific" meaning, "peaceful") because, after sailing through the stormy seas off
9269:
8888:
8715:
8680:
8541:
8536:
8517:
8326:
8153:
7913:
7778:
7707:
Dixon, Chris, and David Drakakis-Smith. "The Pacific Asian Region: Myth or Reality?"
7646:
7627:
7604:
7598:
7576:
7550:
7531:
7507:
7488:
7456:
7437:
7418:
7399:
7393:
7378:
7326:
7299:
7271:
6963:
6951:
6943:
6855:
6762:
6713:
6686:
6659:
6632:
6605:
6543:
6529:
6318:
6231:
6204:
6177:
6150:
6123:
6069:
5962:
5935:
5885:
5809:
5747:
5727:
5648:
5625:
5447:
5386:
5364:
5340:
5306:
5295:
5212:
5141:
5118:
5094:
5012:"'Game-changing' study suggests first Polynesians voyaged all the way from East Asia"
4990:
4961:
4900:
4869:
4823:
4815:
4778:
4766:
4717:
4676:
4635:
4523:
4340:
3776:
3696:
In addition, the Pacific Ocean has served as the crash site of satellites, including
3539:
3319:
3282:
average for the area approximately 3,000 km (1,900 mi) to the southeast of
3033:
3025:
2768:
2754:
2714:
1919:
1845:
1429:
1322:
1302:
1297:, in one of the longest trade routes in history. Spanish expeditions also arrived at
1243:
1184:
513:(in Spanish). Afterwards, the ocean's current name was coined by Portuguese explorer
504:
31:
7573:
Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia
7369:
prepared by the Special Publications Division, National Geographic Society. (1985).
6939:
6733:
5864:
4881:
4366:
Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Scotia Arc
3748:
were lost in the Pacific Ocean, including one-megaton bomb that was lost during the
3247:
1922:
which also connects with another ridge (south of North America) which overlooks the
806:
as a result of tiny coral islands strung in a ring within surroundings of a central
9417:
9350:
9345:
9335:
9264:
8941:
8895:
8838:
8767:
8630:
8524:
8473:
8451:
8304:
8251:
8190:
7221:
6935:
6845:
6835:
6521:
5931:
5925:
5850:
5680:
5591:
5577:
5415:
4951:
4941:
4861:
4805:
4758:
4544:"Deepest Submarine Dive in History, Five Deeps Expedition Conquers Challenger Deep"
4423:
4335:
4325:
4117:
3965:
3885:
3733:
3671:
3571:
3547:
3450:
3424:
3412:
3402:
3306:
3264:
3220:
3188:
3177:
3147:
seawater, in the poleward areas to about 30 °C (86 °F) near the equator.
3104:
3069:
3009:
2939:
2935:
2838:
2517:
2478:
2318:
2184:
1492:
1413:
1393:
1337:
1318:
1255:
1247:
1211:
1142:
1073:
1069:
989:
910:
666:
518:
6484:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory – Hurricane Research Division
4980:
4430:
3648:
1165:
9427:
9236:
8737:
8725:
8710:
8665:
8615:
8555:
8497:
8458:
8446:
8439:
8348:
8165:
8148:
8123:
6879:
6626:
6470:
6198:
6117:
5830:
5238:
4709:
4670:
4461:
4225:
4051:
4025:
3466:
3462:
3231:
3021:
3017:
2962:
2931:
2894:
2570:
1825:
1798:
1748:
1664:
1637:
1522:
1518:
1353:
1329:
1310:
1270:
1041:
1032:
At around 1300 to 1200 BCE, a branch of the Austronesian migrations known as the
756:
582:
452:
417:
346:
6594:
6525:
6040:
5178:
3408:
1356:, made the first completely documented European landing in Australia (1606), in
9381:
9330:
9229:
9193:
9173:
9156:
9096:
8860:
8752:
8730:
8720:
8572:
8550:
8434:
8429:
8414:
8409:
8336:
8282:
8234:
8205:
8111:
8101:
7823:
7319:
Santibañez, Rafael (1969). "El Canal Beagle y la delimitación de los océanos".
7156:
6520:, Springer Climate, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 251–273,
4926:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4435:
4411:
4249:
4177:
4165:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4039:
3745:
3721:
3679:
in agriculture. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals in the water leads to
3619:
3445:
of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of
3374:
2810:
2782:
2411:
2000:
1938:
1876:
1817:
1813:
1783:
1716:
1610:
1573:
1538:
1488:
1286:
1161:
1033:
1001:
977:
965:
848:
714:
696:
612:
606:
600:
564:
472:
464:
456:
448:
421:
349:) subdivides it into two largely independent volumes of water that meet at the
307:
239:
229:
6914:
Pan, Zhong; Liu, Qianlong; Sun, Yan; Sun, Xiuwu; Lin, Hui (1 September 2019).
6513:
5982:
4762:
1597:
In Oceania, France obtained a leading position as imperial power after making
1388:
The 18th century marked the beginning of major exploration by the Russians in
9407:
9396:
9355:
9224:
9216:
8920:
8870:
8762:
8757:
8747:
8597:
8560:
8468:
8463:
8365:
8270:
7600:
The Greatest Depths: Probing the Seas to 20,000 feet (6,100 m) and Below
7074:
6947:
6487:
5162:
Producing the Pacific: Maps and Narratives of Spanish Exploration (1567–1606)
4819:
4770:
4582:
4503:
Administration, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric.
4394:
4387:
4330:
4195:
4183:
3975:
3690:
3652:
3458:
3435:
3390:
3360:
3268:
3061:
3037:
2978:
2866:
2796:
2675:
2357:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1769:
1756:
1606:
1602:
1345:
1207:
1053:
732:
720:
390:
382:
257:
204:
94:
81:
7225:
6840:
4946:
4865:
4010:
2899:
9259:
9198:
9178:
9168:
8878:
8850:
8605:
8343:
8277:
8246:
8195:
8067:
7996:
7933:
7923:
7330:
7264:"El Arco de Scotia, separación natural de los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico"
7090:"Marshall Islands marks 71 years since start of US nuclear tests on Bikini"
6955:
6859:
5086:
4965:
4873:
4827:
4147:
4087:
3741:
3488:
3470:
3442:
3370:
3013:
2903:
2852:
2824:
2740:
2105:
1869:
1853:
1821:
1405:
1373:
1306:
1239:
1137:
separating two distinct oceans. South America was generally considered the
1085:
1025:
883:
690:
624:
496:
460:
444:
433:
429:
402:
303:
244:
234:
190:
7791:
Stillman, Amy Ku'uleialoha. "Pacific-ing Asian Pacific American History",
7109:"Bikinians evacuated 'for good of mankind' endure lengthy nuclear fallout"
5292:
5271:
4810:
4793:
9315:
9274:
9205:
8910:
8799:
8742:
8670:
8620:
8507:
8483:
8372:
8210:
8128:
8106:
8082:
7928:
7918:
6976:
6816:"Predicting overfishing and extinction threats in multispecies fisheries"
4243:
4231:
4159:
4135:
4099:
4093:
4020:
3960:
3925:
3905:
3701:
3614:
3563:
3515:
3398:
3259:
3251:
3173:
2880:
2583:
2504:
2439:
2371:
2145:
1942:
1934:
1805:
1787:
1625:
1561:
1382:
1361:
1266:
1231:
981:
922:
894:
855:
702:
678:
642:
630:
618:
576:
476:
437:
330:
326:
4281:
Theories of natural delimitation between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
3796:
3728:
that he was holding, which would otherwise be discharged to the Pacific.
3510:
The Pacific Ocean was born 750 million years ago at the breakup of
3476:
The dissimilarity continues northeastward along the western edge of the
1968:
map of 1529 was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size.
1864:
link the Pacific with the Atlantic Ocean on the east. To the north, the
1672:
929:, resulting in the modern peoples of Island Southeast Asia and Oceania.
436:, at 10,823 meters (35,509 feet). The third deepest point on Earth, the
377:, which allows it to be further divided into four quadrants, namely the
8845:
8814:
8640:
8635:
8299:
8260:
8222:
8140:
8013:
7898:
7893:
5828:
5688:
5467:
5427:
5072:
4345:
4255:
4153:
4111:
4063:
4057:
3676:
3523:
3499:
3365:
3339:
3335:
3302:
3204:
3192:
3157:
3052:
2950:
2915:
2622:
2119:
1950:
1915:
1837:
1833:
1744:
1724:
1708:
1681:
1566:
1545:
1437:
1421:
1192:
1065:
1017:
973:
906:
867:
762:
654:
594:
588:
480:
468:
362:
311:
7826:
7759:
Routledge, David. "Pacific history as seen from the Pacific Islands."
6200:
Pacific Neighbors: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia
6008:
4382:
3716:
3291:
3287:
3240:
3236:
1122:
9292:
8951:
8925:
8855:
8833:
8826:
8610:
8387:
8321:
8217:
8040:
8023:
7908:
7903:
7877:
5855:
5772:
5582:
5069:
Indonesian Banda: Colonialism and its Aftermath in the Nutmeg Islands
4922:"Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years"
4261:
4237:
4219:
4189:
4105:
4045:
4015:
3990:
3970:
3935:
3910:
3890:
3875:
3865:
3764:
3610:
3602:
3559:
3492:
3216:
2985:
2954:
2923:
2919:
2557:
2384:
2252:
2238:
2212:
2014:
1918:) and merges with another ridge (south of South America) to form the
1809:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1507:
Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707
1417:
1371:
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain considered the Pacific Ocean a
1219:
1138:
1093:
1081:
1009:
969:
944:
871:
859:
844:
803:
768:
726:
648:
636:
570:
484:
64:
7685:
5419:
3740:, designated by the United States, and played host to a total of 67
8819:
8424:
8360:
8331:
8241:
8200:
8008:
7988:
7868:
7480:
Ocean of Destiny: A Concise History of the North Pacific, 1500–1978
6873:"Pacific Ocean Threats & Impacts: Overfishing and Exploitation"
5115:
Macau, the Imaginary City: Culture and Society, 1557 to the Present
4213:
4207:
4201:
4141:
4123:
3985:
3945:
3895:
3880:
3845:
3840:
3535:
3148:
3122:
3085:
3029:
2943:
2907:
2609:
2305:
2278:
2225:
2092:
2040:
1829:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1605:
protectorates in 1842 and 1853, respectively. After navy visits to
1365:
1294:
1222:, the expedition found calm waters. The ocean was often called the
1134:
1105:
1101:
1077:
1013:
890:
791:
750:
744:
738:
684:
660:
398:
319:
7453:
The Great Ocean: Pacific Worlds from Captain Cook to the Gold Rush
6289:
4791:
1613:
negotiated the incorporation of the island into Chile with native
1416:
in southern Canada, and Alaska. The French explored and colonized
1179:
The eastern side of the ocean was encountered by Spanish explorer
180:
8791:
8529:
8419:
8377:
8265:
8077:
8072:
8001:
7747:
The Ivory Tower and Beyond: Participant Historians of the Pacific
7325:(in Spanish). Santiago: Editorial Andrés Bello. pp. 95–109.
7243:
Juan Ignacio Ipinza Mayor; Cedomir Marangunic Damianovic (2021).
5324:
5322:
4710:"Pre-Austronesian Origins of Seafaring in Insular Southeast Asia"
4000:
3980:
3950:
3915:
3900:
3850:
3697:
3594:
3586:
3511:
3323:
3298:
3065:
2997:
2970:
2701:
2688:
2648:
2132:
1954:
1946:
1614:
1476:
Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754.
1341:
1314:
1045:
1021:
795:
546:
410:
350:
6758:
Looking into the Earth: An Introduction to Geological Geophysics
6286:"PWLF.org – The Pacific WildLife Foundation – The Pacific Ocean"
5558:"A Physical, Historical, Political, & Descriptive Geography"
3134:
1707:
Extending approximately 15,500 km (9,600 mi) from the
9297:
8401:
8355:
8062:
8049:
7296:
El delirio armado: Argentina-Chile, la guerra que evitó el Papa
7207:
4321:
List of rivers of the Americas by coastline#Pacific Ocean coast
4032:
3995:
3940:
3930:
3870:
3860:
3757:
discharge of radioactive water from the Fukushima nuclear plant
3656:
3590:
3519:
3498:
The Pacific Ocean is the only ocean which is mostly bounded by
3446:
3394:
3283:
3176:, turns north near the Philippines to become the warm Japan or
2993:
2989:
2662:
2596:
2531:
2465:
2331:
2053:
2027:
1791:
1712:
1700:
1648:
1598:
1553:
1495:(1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean
1425:
1389:
1298:
1290:
1097:
1089:
918:
807:
7723:
Studies in Pacific History: Economics, Politics, and Migration
7029:
7027:
6473:
American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on 16 January 2009.
6354:"Wind Driven Surface Currents: Equatorial Currents Background"
5319:
4712:. In Acri, Andrea; Blench, Roger; Landmann, Alexandra (eds.).
3318:, which are the northwestern Pacific and the eastern Pacific.
2926:. Micronesia, which lies north of the equator and west of the
1628:; however, by the end of that war, Japan was defeated and the
1464:
map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size
416:
The Pacific Ocean's mean depth is 4,000 meters (13,000 feet).
9148:
9043:
8587:
7885:
7869:
7169:
4005:
3955:
3855:
3567:
3477:
3439:
3005:
3001:
2635:
2544:
2452:
2344:
2291:
2265:
2079:
2066:
1731:), the Pacific reaches its greatest east–west width at about
1061:
1057:
993:
799:
345:, are in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean circulation (caused by the
217:
7501:
4561:"CONFIRMED: Horizon Deep Second Deepest Point on the Planet"
3644:
Pacific Ocean currents have created three islands of debris.
507:
in 1513 and sighted the great "Southern Sea" which he named
8182:
7819:
NOAA PMEL Argo profiling floats Realtime Pacific Ocean data
7721:
Flynn, Dennis O., Arturo Giráldez, and James Sobredo, eds.
7157:"Fukushima: Japan approves releasing wastewater into ocean"
7024:
6897:
Marine Debris Division – Office of Response and Restoration
4714:
Spirits and Ships: Cultural Transfers in Early Monsoon Asia
4289:
Map showing the proposal presented by the thesis entitled "
3606:
3582:
3203:, flowing west along the equator, swings southward east of
3195:. Its southern arm becomes the chilled slow, south-flowing
3187:, the Kuroshio forks and some water moves northward as the
2992:
in the north to New Zealand in the south, also encompasses
2974:
2491:
2397:
2198:
2171:
1621:
1278:
1274:
1238:
led the remains of the expedition back to Spain across the
1227:
1049:
836:
833:
365:). The Pacific Ocean can also be informally divided by the
315:
7471:
Coming Full Circle: An Economic History of the Pacific Rim
6062:
Ishihara, Masahide; Hoshino, Eiichi; Fujita, Yoko (2016).
5382:
Primary Australian History: Book F [B6] Ages 10–11
4748:
7673:
Davidson, James Wightman. "Problems of Pacific history."
7565:
The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World
7161:
6429:
5692:
3385:
1168:'s expedition to southern China in 1513, both ordered by
997:
6977:
Plastic waste in the North Pacific is an ongoing concern
6435:"ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions"
1941:
batter the islands of the Pacific. The lands around the
1632:
was the virtual master of the ocean. The Japanese-ruled
1348:
between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator
7774:
Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing vol 2
7061:
7036:"Photos: Giant Ocean-Trash Vortex Documented – A First"
6734:"GEOL 102 The Proterozoic Eon II: Rodinia and Pannotia"
6488:"Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season?"
5920:
1782:. The lowest known point on Earth – the
1141:
and shows the name "America" for the first time, after
7549:(3rd ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
7178:"Radioactive Water Leaks from Fukushima: What We Know"
6652:
Trent, D. D.; Hazlett, Richard; Bierman, Paul (2010).
3267:
during the winter months due to the preferred flow of
545:
The Pacific Ocean, photograph taken from space by the
7738:
Korhonen, Pekka. "The Pacific Age in World History",
7591:
British imperial strategies in the Pacific, 1750–1900
6882:, Center for Ocean Solutions. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
6061:
5107:
4843:
4371:
4048: : 4,791,000 km (1,850,000 sq mi)
4042: : 5,695,000 km (2,199,000 sq mi)
3767:
from 2011 to 2013, according to the Fukushima plant.
1230:
in March 1521. Although Magellan himself died in the
7415:
Development and Social Change in the Pacific Islands
7139:"U.S. discloses accidents involving nuclear weapons"
6103:. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University. p. 60.
5075:: Yayasan Warisan dan Budaya Banda Naira. p. 7.
3570:
are harvested along the coasts of Australia, Japan,
1980:
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) map of the Pacific
536:
314:) in the south, and is bounded by the continents of
6699:
6651:
6624:
6217:
6095:
Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council
5286:
4897:
Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis
4716:. ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 325–440.
4629:
4078: : 1,533,000 km (592,000 sq mi)
4072: : 1,583,000 km (611,000 sq mi)
4066: : 2,000,000 km (770,000 sq mi)
4060: : 2,300,000 km (890,000 sq mi)
2727:Territories with no permanent civilian population.
1108:, although evidence for this remains inconclusive.
7668:Voyages and Beaches: Pacific Encounters, 1769–1840
7298:(in Spanish). Editorial Sudamericana. p. 48.
7007:
6593:
6511:
6190:
5672:
5406:Lytle Schurz, William (1922), "The Spanish Lake",
5294:
3314:are active. The Pacific hosts the two most active
1910:crossing from south of Australia turning into the
1786: – lies 10,911 m (35,797
889:The descendants of these migrations today are the
30:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
7696:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 434–441.
6224:Gillespie, Rosemary G.; Clague, David A. (2009).
6136:
6033:"This ocean has most of the islands in the world"
5634:
5328:
4839:
4837:
4675:. University of Alabama Press. pp. 168–171.
4484:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4269:
4144: : 260,000 km (100,000 sq mi)
4138: : 280,000 km (110,000 sq mi)
4132: : 300,000 km (120,000 sq mi)
4126: : 320,000 km (120,000 sq mi)
4120: : 320,000 km (120,000 sq mi)
4114: : 380,000 km (150,000 sq mi)
4108: : 470,000 km (180,000 sq mi)
4102: : 650,000 km (250,000 sq mi)
4096: : 720,000 km (280,000 sq mi)
4090: : 978,000 km (378,000 sq mi)
3330:, where they occasionally impact island nations.
1000:by 1000 BCE. They were the first humans to reach
142:710,000,000 km (170,000,000 cu mi)
9394:
7728:Gulliver, Katrina. "Finding the Pacific world."
7136:
6672:
6645:
5829:International Hydrographic Organization (1953).
5822:
5622:Chile and the United States: Empires in Conflict
5252:The rise of Portuguese power in India, 1497–1550
5042:Easter Island: Archaeology, Ecology and Culture.
4180: : 126,250 km (48,750 sq mi)
4174: : 160,000 km (62,000 sq mi)
4168: : 200,000 km (77,000 sq mi)
4162: : 200,000 km (77,000 sq mi)
4156: : 240,000 km (93,000 sq mi)
4150: : 250,400 km (96,700 sq mi)
1277:across the Pacific Ocean to the Philippines via
1258:. In 1542–43 the Portuguese also reached Japan.
1210:that would eventually result in the first world
802:that have over intervals of time been formed by
523:
118:165,250,000 km (63,800,000 sq mi)
72:
7261:
6820:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6748:
6705:
6492:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
6442:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
6230:. University of California Press. p. 706.
6223:
6173:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
6091:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
5644:Asian American Psychology: Current Perspectives
4305:the former being more current than the latter.
4216: : 35,000 km (14,000 sq mi)
4210: : 45,000 km (17,000 sq mi)
4204: : 58,000 km (22,000 sq mi)
4198: : 70,400 km (27,200 sq mi)
4192: : 78,000 km (30,000 sq mi)
4186: : 95,000 km (37,000 sq mi)
4054:: 3,500,000 km (1,400,000 sq mi)
3763:was estimated to be between 20 and 40 trillion
1668:The island geography of the Pacific Ocean Basin
1652:Sunset over the Pacific Ocean as seen from the
1289:operated for two and a half centuries, linking
27:Ocean between Asia, Australia, and the Americas
7709:Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
6196:
6065:Self-determinable Development of Small Islands
5603:
5601:
5044:Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press
4834:
4228: : 23,203 km (8,959 sq mi)
3829:List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean
3373:; the Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes and
3219:and the other turns north to form the Peru or
1404:, led by the Danish-born Russian navy officer
988:they crossed the western Pacific to reach the
954:. Austronesians originated from the island of
7854:
7829:data Realtime Pacific Ocean El Niño buoy data
7502:Napier, W.; Gilbert, J.; Holland, J. (1973).
7395:Lost Paradise: The Exploration of the Pacific
7149:
5640:
5192:, Oceanário de Lisboa. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
5179:https://www.guampedia.com/ferdinand-magellan/
4707:
4084:: 1,249,000 km (482,000 sq mi)
3274:In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the
1620:Although the United States gained control of
508:
275:
209:Map with five-oceans (approximate boundaries)
7469:Jones, Eric, Lionel Frost, and Colin White.
7371:Blue Horizons: Paradise Isles of the Pacific
6913:
6726:
6304:
5491:"Charles Darwin's Travels on the HMS Beagle"
5443:Captain Cook: Explorations And Reassessments
5433:
5405:
5332:Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration
4528:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4033:List of seas, gulfs and bays by surface area
1537:before her record dive to the bottom of the
1133:, dated 1507, was the first map to show the
7807:EPIC Pacific Ocean Data Collection Viewable
7769:Samson, Jane. "Pacific/Oceanic History" in
7201:
6761:. Cambridge University Press. p. 332.
6754:
6618:
6476:
6317:. University Rochester Press. p. 255.
5877:
5713:
5624:, 1990 by the University of Georgia Press,
5598:
5297:A Reference Guide to Latin American History
4972:
4264: : 1,500 km (580 sq mi)
4258: : 2,000 km (770 sq mi)
3254:at global peak intensity on 12 October 1979
298:is the largest and deepest of Earth's five
7861:
7847:
7777:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 901–902.
7770:
7752:"Recent Literature in Discovery History."
7318:
7293:
6709:Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands
6678:
6149:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 63.
6142:
5948:
5914:
4888:
4701:
4654:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4632:The Oxford handbook of prehistoric Oceania
4586:
4502:
3787:
3491:is the world's foremost belt of explosive
2953:, the world's second largest island after
2722:
1715:to the northern extent of the circumpolar
1420:, and the British made three voyages with
925:, but also earlier groups associated with
282:
268:
203:
189:
179:
7645:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6849:
6839:
6755:Mussett, Alan E.; Khan, M. Aftab (2000).
6685:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 4.
6518:Climate Change and Impacts in the Pacific
6122:. Grolier Incorporated. 1997. p. 8.
5884:. Goodwill Trading Co., Inc. p. 25.
5854:
5795:
5607:Bernard Eccleston, Michael Dawson. 1998.
5581:
5183:
4955:
4945:
4809:
3744:conducted across various atolls. Several
2888:
1183:in 1513 after his expedition crossed the
440:, is also located in the Mariana Trench.
7809:on-line collection of observational data
7358:Oceanographic Atlas of the Pacific Ocean
7208:Jochen Halfar, Rodney M. Fujita (2007).
7033:
6814:Burgess, Matthew G (16 September 2013).
6679:Lal, Brij Vilash; Fortune, Kate (2000).
6310:
6197:Dunford, Betty; Ridgell, Reilly (1996).
6163:
6143:Lal, Brij Vilash; Fortune, Kate (2000).
5641:Tewari, Nita; Alvarez, Alvin N. (2008).
5555:
5439:
5385:. R.I.C. Publications. 2008. p. 6.
5359:J.P. Sigmond and L.H. Zuiderbaan (1979)
5248:
5242:
5231:
4609:"The Marginal Seas Of The Pacific Ocean"
4284:
3715:
3647:
3639:
3534:The Pacific Ocean contains several long
3526:old, with older crust subducted by now.
3427:; he called it Maris Pacifici following
3407:
3384:
3364:
3246:
3230:
3133:
3129:
2898:
1975:
1671:
1663:
1647:
1544:
1526:
1121:
931:
827:
561:– 9.080 million km (includes other seas)
540:
184:
7680:
7640:
7570:
7431:
7391:
7355:
7052:
6813:
5719:
5408:The Hispanic American Historical Review
5236:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 52–56.
5066:
5003:
4978:
4662:
4222:29,000 km (11,000 sq mi)
1929:For most of Magellan's voyage from the
1906:The Southern Pacific Ocean harbors the
1609:in 1875 and 1887, Chilean navy officer
1111:
567:– 5.695 million km (largest single sea)
185:Earth's ocean, showing common divisions
14:
9395:
7749:(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009).
7575:(2nd ed.). Honolulu: Bess Press.
7544:
7412:
7121:
6804:, 6th edition. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
6798:"Pacific Ocean: Commerce and Shipping"
6591:
6572:
6356:, Ocean Motion. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
6112:
6110:
5954:
5545:. Cosmopolitan printing Company. 1874.
5335:. W.W. Norton & Company. pp.
5140:. Library of Alexandria. p. 129.
5085:
4919:
4894:
4246:11,850 km (4,580 sq mi)
4234:22,400 km (8,600 sq mi)
3833:
3514:, although it is generally called the
2949:Melanesia, to the southwest, includes
1971:
1676:The three major cultural areas of the
7842:
7617:
7596:
7476:
7455:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7450:
7122:Thaler, Andrew David (26 July 2018).
7106:
7038:. National Geographic. Archived from
6600:. W.W. Norton & Company. p.
6314:Encyclopedia of Environmental Science
5871:
5801:
5783:from the original on 25 February 2014
5614:
5399:
5255:. Westminster: A. Constable. p.
5211:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 168.
4456:
4454:
4452:
3726:Fukushima's treated radioactive water
3505:
3297:In the tropical western Pacific, the
1187:and reached a new ocean. He named it
913:later intermarried with the incoming
7815:plot and download ocean observations
7520:
7485:University of British Columbia Press
7067:
7034:Handwerk, Brian (4 September 2009).
6802:The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
6682:The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia
6176:. Infobase Publishing. p. 521.
6169:
6146:The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia
5520:www.interactiveoceans.washington.edu
5133:
5127:
4920:Larena, Maximilian (22 March 2021).
4668:
4597:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4276:List of islands in the Pacific Ocean
3791:
1982:which excludes non-tropical islands.
1424:to the South Pacific and Australia,
1410:expeditions to the Pacific Northwest
7833:NOAA Ocean Surface Current Analyses
7262:Barros González, Guillermo (1987).
7175:
6903:from the original on 17 April 2014.
6107:
5009:
4471:2008: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
4252:2,400 km (930 sq mi)
3761:leakage of tritium into the Pacific
3706:Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
3048:, Hawaii, and the Solomon Islands.
813:
443:The western Pacific has many major
24:
7348:
7322:Los derechos de Chile en el Beagle
6006:
5677:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
5329:Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006).
5249:Whiteway, Richard Stephen (1899).
5093:. London: Sceptre. pp. 5, 7.
5022:from the original on 13 April 2019
4587:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
4449:
3770:
3529:
1512:
943:A later seaborne migration is the
318:and Australia in the west and the
25:
9444:
7800:
7793:Journal of Asian American Studies
7660:
7020:from the original on 24 May 2022.
6658:. Cengage Learning. p. 133.
6030:
5488:
5363:.Rigby Ltd, Australia. pp. 19–30
5274:. Steven's Balagan. 25 April 2006
5201:
4730:from the original on 26 July 2020
4689:from the original on 26 July 2020
4316:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
1016:by 1500 BCE, and further west to
936:Map showing the migration of the
537:Largest seas in the Pacific Ocean
310:(or, depending on definition, to
9369:
9368:
8701:West South Central United States
7312:
7287:
7255:
7236:
7190:
7137:Richard Halloran (26 May 1981).
7130:
7115:
7100:
7082:
6706:Mueller-Dombois, Dieter (1998).
6462:Glossary of Meteorology (2009).
5905:"Pacific Ocean: The trade winds"
5190:"Life in the sea: Pacific Ocean"
4576:
4429:
4417:
4405:
4393:
4381:
3795:
3750:1965 Philippine Sea A-4 incident
3724:declined to drink the bottle of
3711:
3636:Environmental impact of shipping
3453:, along the eastern edge of the
3111:
3096:
3077:
2873:
2859:
2845:
2831:
2817:
2803:
2789:
2775:
2761:
2747:
2733:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2668:
2655:
2641:
2628:
2615:
2602:
2589:
2576:
2563:
2550:
2537:
2524:
2510:
2497:
2484:
2471:
2458:
2445:
2432:
2418:
2404:
2390:
2377:
2364:
2350:
2337:
2324:
2311:
2298:
2284:
2271:
2258:
2245:
2231:
2218:
2205:
2191:
2177:
2164:
2151:
2138:
2125:
2112:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2046:
2033:
2020:
2007:
1993:
1723:(older definitions extend it to
1500:
1481:
1469:
1453:
63:
8916:Latin America and the Caribbean
8782:Latin America and the Caribbean
7046:
7000:
6982:
6970:
6940:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.031
6907:
6885:
6866:
6807:
6791:
6775:
6585:
6556:
6505:
6456:
6423:
6407:
6391:
6375:
6359:
6347:
6331:
6278:
6260:
6244:
6082:
6055:
6024:
6000:
5975:
5898:
5765:
5740:
5723:Encyclopedia of the Arctic: A–F
5697:
5661:
5549:
5533:
5508:
5482:
5460:
5373:
5353:
5263:
5225:
5195:
5167:
5154:
5134:Ober, Frederick Albion (2010).
5079:
5060:
5047:
5034:
4913:
4785:
4742:
4611:. World Atlas. 23 November 2018
4505:"How big is the Pacific Ocean?"
4299:by the Shackleton Fracture Zone
3544:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
3160:) and counter-clockwise in the
2942:to the east and the islands of
1899:, near the Americas) is in the
786:Across the continents of Asia,
343:oceanic pole of inaccessibility
7813:NOAA In-situ Ocean Data Viewer
7716:New England and the South Seas
7603:. Philadelphia: Macrae Smith.
7506:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
7398:. Topsfield, MA: Salem House.
7176:Hsu, Jeremy (13 August 2013).
7057:(in German). Berlin: Springer.
7053:Gerlach, Sebastian A. (1975).
6736:. Geol.umd.edu. 5 January 2010
6569:, CIA. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
6119:Academic American encyclopedia
5958:Tsunami: The Underrated Hazard
5704:"Area of Earth's Land Surface"
5516:"The Voyage of HMS Challenger"
5446:. Boydell Press. p. 143.
5361:Dutch Discoveries of Australia
5055:The Journal of Pacific History
4623:
4601:
4570:
4553:
4536:
4496:
4474:
4270:List of islands in the Pacific
4240:12,000 km (7,500 mi)
3625:
3423:The ocean was first mapped by
2294:* (People's Republic of China)
2241:* (People's Republic of China)
2159:Federated States of Micronesia
1868:connects the Pacific with the
559:Australasian Mediterranean Sea
134:10,911 m (35,797 ft)
40:South Pacific (disambiguation)
36:North Pacific (disambiguation)
13:
1:
9423:Oceans surrounding Antarctica
7624:University of Minnesota Press
7107:Lewis, Renee (28 July 2015).
6893:"Great Pacific Garbage Patch"
4442:
3377:. This map does not show the
3213:Antarctic Circumpolar Current
1875:As the Pacific straddles the
1442:Louis Antoine de Bougainville
1344:archipelagos, and sailed the
958:
781:
529:, which in Portuguese means '
126:4,280 m (14,040 ft)
8383:Middle East and North Africa
8088:Middle East and North Africa
7356:Barkley, Richard A. (1968).
7070:"原発の処理水、菅首相「飲んでもいい?」 東電の説明は"
6625:Turnbull, Alexander (2006).
6274:. ABC Radio Australia. 2005.
5983:"The Map That Named America"
5746:
5067:Hannard, Willard A. (1991).
5040:Van Tilburg, Jo Anne. 1994.
3722:Japanese Prime Minister Suga
3357:Geology of the Pacific Ocean
3276:El Niño Southern Oscillation
3064:(formerly Ocean Island) and
1852:) joins the Pacific and the
1643:
1550:Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars
1214:. Magellan called the ocean
1029:place already in 15000 BCE.
549:spacecraft in September 2023
490:
48:Pacific/Chocó natural region
7:
7593:(Ashgate Publishing, 2003).
7545:Oliver, Douglas L. (1989).
7375:National Geographic Society
7210:"Danger of Deep-Sea Mining"
6655:Geology and the Environment
6526:10.1007/978-3-030-32878-8_6
6203:. Bess Press. p. 125.
5831:"Limits of Oceans and Seas"
5752:Research India Publications
5726:. Routledge. p. 1461.
4308:
3666:Great Pacific garbage patch
3632:Great Pacific garbage patch
3417:Skamania County, Washington
3294:is considered in progress.
3140:Monterey County, California
1699:region in the South to the
1654:International Space Station
1234:in 1521, Spanish navigator
1056:. From there, they settled
225:Main five oceans division:
10:
9449:
8676:Northeastern United States
7675:Journal of Pacific History
7670:(U of Hawai'i Press, 1999)
7666:Calder, Alex, et al. eds.
7413:Couper, A.D., ed. (1989).
7362:University of Hawaii Press
7294:Passarelli, Bruno (1998).
6782:"Pacific Ocean: Fisheries"
6398:"South Equatorial Current"
6311:Mongillo, John F. (2000).
6031:K, Harsh (19 March 2017).
5647:. CRC Press. p. 161.
5440:Williams, Glyndwr (2004).
5232:Kratoska, Paul H. (2001).
5113:Porter, Jonathan. (1996).
4273:
3826:
3629:
3577:
3553:
3354:
3350:
3226:
3183:Turning eastward at about
2892:
2080:People's Republic of China
1590:(1873–76); and the German
1516:
1398:First Kamchatka expedition
1334:Pedro Fernandes de Queirós
1118:Exploration of the Pacific
1115:
820:Peopling of Southeast Asia
817:
776:
29:
9364:
9306:
9283:
9250:
9214:
9147:
9041:
8949:
8940:
8869:
8790:
8596:
8400:
8181:
8139:
8048:
8039:
7987:
7944:
7884:
7521:Nunn, Patrick D. (1998).
7477:Lower, J. Arthur (1978).
7434:Charting the Vast Pacific
7126:. Southern Fried Science.
6920:Marine Pollution Bulletin
6788:. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
6431:Climate Prediction Center
6420:. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
6338:"Pacific Ocean: Salinity"
6257:. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
6170:West, Barbara A. (2009).
6068:. Springer. p. 180.
5160:Camino, Mercedes Maroto.
4985:. Avalon Travel. p.
4763:10.1017/S0003598X00047992
4669:Jett, Stephen C. (2017).
4351:Trans-Pacific Partnership
1840:(West Sea of Korea). The
1428:, and the North American
1402:Great Northern Expedition
1368:and New Zealand in 1642.
162:
150:
146:
138:
130:
122:
114:
110:
71:
62:
57:
9157:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
8161:Transantarctic Mountains
7771:Kelly Boyd, ed. (1999).
7740:Journal of World History
7730:Journal of World History
7702:Journal of World History
7571:Ridgell, Reilly (1988).
7068:大月規義 (3 November 2020).
6712:. Springer. p. 13.
6582:Retrieved on 8 May 2008.
6414:"Pacific Ocean: Islands"
6404:. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
6388:. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
6372:. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
6344:. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
5961:. Springer. p. 26.
5911:. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
5710:. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
5609:The Asia-Pacific Profile
5556:Johnston, Keith (1881).
4798:Human Molecular Genetics
3379:Cascadia Subduction Zone
3201:South Equatorial Current
3168:, driven westward along
3166:North Equatorial Current
3068:in the Tuamotu group of
2426:Northern Mariana Islands
1634:Northern Mariana Islands
1328:Later, in the quest for
1127:Universalis Cosmographia
992:by 1500 BCE, as well as
197:thermohaline circulation
44:Pacific (disambiguation)
8906:Caribbean South America
7693:Encyclopædia Britannica
7620:Paradise Found and Lost
7597:Soule, Gardner (1970).
7226:10.1126/science.1138289
6841:10.1073/pnas.1314472110
6786:Encyclopædia Britannica
6592:Walker, Stuart (1998).
6418:Encyclopædia Britannica
6402:Encyclopædia Britannica
6386:Encyclopædia Britannica
6370:Encyclopædia Britannica
6342:Encyclopædia Britannica
6255:Encyclopædia Britannica
6227:Encyclopedia of Islands
5955:Bryant, Edward (2008).
5922:Shirley Rousseau Murphy
5909:Encyclopædia Britannica
5808:. Capstone. p. 9.
5301:. M.E. Sharpe. p.
4979:Stanley, David (2004).
4947:10.1073/pnas.2026132118
4866:10.1126/science.1166858
3788:Major ports and harbors
3738:Pacific Proving Grounds
3316:tropical cyclone basins
3312:tropical cyclone basins
3310:month in which all the
3280:sea surface temperature
3024:in the center, and the
2928:International Date Line
2723:Uninhabited territories
1912:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
1887:, near Asia) is in the
1281:, and establishing the
1263:Miguel López de Legazpi
1191:("Sea of the South" or
1006:Maritime Southeast Asia
903:maritime Southeast Asia
901:. Their populations in
864:Mainland Southeast Asia
367:International Date Line
8686:Southern United States
8489:Scandinavian Peninsula
7641:Terrell, John (1986).
7618:Spate, O.H.K. (1988).
7473:(Westview Press, 1993)
7432:Gilbert, John (1971).
6899:. NOAA. 11 July 2013.
6580:Air pressure and wind.
5720:Nuttall, Mark (2005).
5057:, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2001
4708:Mahdi, Waruno (2017).
4509:oceanexplorer.noaa.gov
4294:
3729:
3683:and the creation of a
3660:
3645:
3420:
3405:
3382:
3345:extratropical cyclones
3255:
3244:
3207:, turns east at about
3143:
2934:in the northwest, the
2910:
2889:Landmasses and islands
1984:
1949:and often affected by
1908:Southeast Indian Ridge
1797:Due to the effects of
1692:
1669:
1661:
1583:during the 1870s; the
1557:
1542:
1325:in the South Pacific.
1145:
984:. From, probably, the
948:Austronesian expansion
940:
927:Austroasiatic-speakers
899:Indigenous Australians
851:
550:
524:
509:
302:. It extends from the
9162:Antarctic Convergence
8706:Western United States
7732:22#1 (2011): 83–100.
7687:"Pacific Ocean"
7682:Dickson, Henry Newton
7451:Igler, David (2013).
7417:. London: Routledge.
7392:Cameron, Ian (1987).
6878:May 12, 2013, at the
6631:. Godwit. p. 8.
6469:22 March 2008 at the
5272:"Portuguese in Japan"
5137:Vasco Nuñez de Balboa
4594:Catholic Encyclopedia
4482:"The Coriolis Effect"
4288:
3719:
3651:
3643:
3518:until the breakup of
3411:
3388:
3368:
3250:
3234:
3137:
3130:Water characteristics
3084:Ladrilleros Beach in
2902:
1979:
1678:Pacific Ocean islands
1675:
1667:
1651:
1548:
1530:
1236:Juan Sebastián Elcano
1181:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
1170:Afonso de Albuquerque
1125:
935:
843:with a double-canoe (
831:
579:– 3.6 million km
544:
501:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
361:(or more loosely the
255:Further subdivision:
8228:Greater Central Asia
7795:7#3 (2004): 241–270.
7042:on 19 November 2010.
6272:Charting the Pacific
5878:Agno, Lydia (1998).
5802:Young, Greg (2009).
5708:The Physics Factbook
5611:. Routledge. p. 250.
3542:. These include the
3469:, and New Zealand's
3090:Chocó natural region
2959:Bismarck Archipelago
1962:Martin Waldseemüller
1446:Malaspina Expedition
1434:Pierre-Antoine Véron
1362:Abel Janszoon Tasman
1265:, and colonized the
1164:, in 1512, and with
1158:Lesser Sunda Islands
1129:, also known as the
1112:European exploration
1038:Bismarck Archipelago
986:Bismarck Archipelago
952:Austronesian peoples
938:Austronesian peoples
824:Austronesian peoples
306:in the north to the
9374:Continents of Earth
8901:Brazilian Highlands
8310:Indian subcontinent
8171:Antarctic Peninsula
7969:Southern Hemisphere
7964:Northern Hemisphere
7718:(Harvard UP, 1965).
7547:The Pacific Islands
7183:Scientific American
6932:2019MarPB.146..215P
6832:2013PNAS..11015943B
6826:(40): 15943–15948.
6444:. pp. 5, 19–20
5847:1953Natur.172R.484.
5777:Bucknell University
5574:1880Natur..22Q..95.
5495:Scientific American
5173:Guampedia entry on
4938:2021PNAS..11826132L
4932:(13): e2026132118.
4858:2009Sci...323..479G
4811:10.1093/hmg/ddab018
4130:Gulf of Carpentaria
3834:List of major ports
3732:From 1946 to 1958,
3566:are extracted, and
3455:Kamchatka Peninsula
3328:South Pacific basin
3162:Southern Hemisphere
3154:Northern Hemisphere
3103:Tahuna maru islet,
2938:in the center, the
1972:Bordering countries
1766: /
1572:in the 1830s, with
1556:on 9 September 1842
1383:Spanish Philippines
1358:Cape York Peninsula
1283:Spanish East Indies
1198:In 1520, navigator
882:by 32,000 B.P. and
866:, the Philippines,
841:Austronesian vessel
839:, an example of an
673:Gulf of Carpentaria
517:during the Spanish
499:, Spanish explorer
426:Southern Hemisphere
359:South Pacific Ocean
355:North Pacific Ocean
91: /
9189:Great Barrier Reef
8810:Mainland Australia
8518:Apennine Peninsula
7979:Western Hemisphere
7954:Eastern Hemisphere
7742:7#1 (1996): 41–70.
7704:3#1 (1992): 55–79.
7373:. Washington, DC:
7143:The New York Times
6382:"Aleutian Current"
5489:Marty, Christoph.
5175:Ferdinand Magellan
5117:. Westview Press.
5091:Nathaniel's Nutmeg
4589:Ferdinand Magellan
4467:Britannica Concise
4356:War of the Pacific
4295:
4172:Gulf of California
3807:. You can help by
3730:
3661:
3646:
3538:chains, formed by
3506:Geological history
3429:Ferdinand Magellan
3421:
3406:
3383:
3320:Pacific hurricanes
3256:
3245:
3197:California Current
3158:North Pacific gyre
3144:
3057:Great Barrier Reef
2988:, stretching from
2984:The largest area,
2946:in the southeast.
2911:
1985:
1931:Strait of Magellan
1924:Juan de Fuca Ridge
1901:Western Hemisphere
1889:Eastern Hemisphere
1862:Strait of Magellan
1693:
1670:
1662:
1630:U.S. Pacific Fleet
1558:
1543:
1460:Made in 1529, the
1408:. Spain also sent
1379:Strait of Magellan
1350:Luís Vaz de Torres
1204:Spanish expedition
1200:Ferdinand Magellan
1146:
941:
852:
709:Gulf of California
615:– 1.249 million km
609:– 1.533 million km
603:– 1.583 million km
573:– 4.791 million km
551:
515:Ferdinand Magellan
381:off the coasts of
339:Western Hemisphere
230:Antarctic/Southern
46:, and
9390:
9389:
9270:Mediterranean Rim
9143:
9142:
9082:Mediterranean Sea
8936:
8935:
8889:Amazon Rainforest
8716:Canadian Prairies
8681:Pacific Northwest
8542:Iberian Peninsula
8327:Arabian Peninsula
8154:Antarctic Plateau
7914:Three/Four Worlds
7784:978-1-884964-33-6
7754:Terrae Incognitae
7714:Dodge, Ernest S.
7677:1#1 (1966): 5–21.
7652:978-0-521-30604-1
7633:978-0-8166-1715-9
7610:978-0-8255-8350-6
7582:978-0-935848-50-2
7556:978-0-8248-1233-1
7537:978-982-02-0129-3
7513:978-0-385-04335-9
7494:978-0-7748-0101-0
7462:978-0-19-991495-1
7443:978-0-490-00226-5
7436:. London: Aldus.
7424:978-0-415-00917-1
7405:978-0-88162-275-1
7384:978-0-87044-544-6
7305:978-9-5007-1469-3
7272:Revista de Marina
7094:Radio New Zealand
7016:. 23 March 2018.
6768:978-0-521-78574-7
6719:978-0-387-98313-4
6692:978-0-8248-2265-1
6665:978-0-538-73755-5
6638:978-1-86962-126-1
6611:978-0-393-04555-0
6596:The sailor's wind
6535:978-3-030-32878-8
6324:978-1-57356-147-1
6237:978-0-520-25649-1
6210:978-1-57306-022-6
6183:978-1-4381-1913-7
6156:978-0-8248-2265-1
6129:978-0-7172-2068-7
6075:978-981-10-0132-1
5968:978-3-540-74274-6
5941:978-0-380-47191-1
5891:978-971-11-0165-7
5815:978-0-7565-4232-0
5773:"Plate Tectonics"
5733:978-1-57958-436-8
5654:978-1-84169-749-9
5453:978-1-84383-100-6
5392:978-1-74126-688-7
5346:978-0-393-06259-5
5312:978-1-56324-744-6
5218:978-0-7661-9022-1
5147:978-1-4655-7034-5
5100:978-0-340-69676-7
4996:978-1-56691-411-6
4852:(5913): 479–483.
4341:Pacific Time Zone
4303:by the Scotia Arc
3825:
3824:
3777:manganese nodules
3540:hotspot volcanism
3397:on the island of
3034:Mangareva Islands
3026:Marquesas Islands
3012:to the west, the
2769:Coral Sea Islands
2755:Clipperton Island
2715:Wallis and Futuna
1920:East Pacific Rise
1856:to the west, and
1846:Strait of Malacca
1842:Indonesian Seaway
1747:, just west from
1660:are also visible.
1541:, 23 January 1960
1430:Pacific Northwest
1336:, arrived at the
1323:Admiralty Islands
1244:Cape of Good Hope
1185:Isthmus of Panama
1131:Waldseemüller map
921:and the northern
717:– 126,250 km
711:– 160,000 km
705:– 200,000 km
699:– 200,000 km
693:– 250,400 km
687:– 260,000 km
681:– 280,000 km
675:– 300,000 km
669:– 320,000 km
663:– 320,000 km
657:– 380,000 km
651:– 610,000 km
645:– 650,000 km
639:– 695,000 km
633:– 720,000 km
627:– 978,000 km
621:– 1.14 million km
505:Isthmus of Panama
407:Southwest Pacific
395:Northwest Pacific
387:Southeast Pacific
379:Northeast Pacific
341:, as well as the
300:oceanic divisions
292:
291:
172:
171:
32:Pacific Northwest
16:(Redirected from
9440:
9372:
9371:
9351:Global Southwest
9346:Global Southeast
9336:Global Northwest
9331:Global Northeast
9321:Global Heartland
9265:Indian Ocean Rim
8947:
8946:
8839:Island Melanesia
8530:Balkan Peninsula
8305:Himalayan states
8252:Russian Far East
8046:
8045:
7974:Water Hemisphere
7863:
7856:
7849:
7840:
7839:
7788:
7763:8#2 (1985): 81+
7725:(Ashgate, 2002).
7711:77#@ (1995): 75+
7697:
7689:
7656:
7637:
7614:
7586:
7563:Paine, Lincoln.
7560:
7541:
7517:
7498:
7466:
7447:
7428:
7409:
7388:
7365:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7316:
7310:
7309:
7291:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7280:
7268:
7259:
7253:
7252:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7232:on 21 June 2021.
7228:. Archived from
7205:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7165:. 13 April 2021.
7153:
7147:
7146:
7134:
7128:
7127:
7119:
7113:
7112:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7055:Marine Pollution
7050:
7044:
7043:
7031:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7004:
6998:
6997:
6996:. 23 March 2018.
6986:
6980:
6974:
6968:
6967:
6911:
6905:
6904:
6889:
6883:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6853:
6843:
6811:
6805:
6795:
6789:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6752:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6703:
6697:
6696:
6676:
6670:
6669:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6622:
6616:
6615:
6599:
6589:
6583:
6578:John P. Stimac.
6576:
6570:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6509:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6480:
6474:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6439:
6433:(30 June 2014).
6427:
6421:
6411:
6405:
6395:
6389:
6379:
6373:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6345:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6292:on 21 April 2012
6288:. Archived from
6282:
6276:
6275:
6264:
6258:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6140:
6134:
6133:
6114:
6105:
6104:
6086:
6080:
6079:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6043:on 2 August 2017
6039:. Archived from
6028:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5927:The Ring of Fire
5918:
5912:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5858:
5856:10.1038/172484b0
5826:
5820:
5819:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5717:
5711:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5678:
5674:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5638:
5632:
5618:
5612:
5605:
5596:
5595:
5585:
5583:10.1038/022095a0
5553:
5547:
5546:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5377:
5371:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5326:
5317:
5316:
5300:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5203:Galvano, Antonio
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5171:
5165:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5131:
5125:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5064:
5058:
5051:
5045:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4959:
4949:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4841:
4832:
4831:
4813:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4757:(333): 898–910.
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4653:
4645:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4527:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4478:
4472:
4458:
4434:
4433:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4398:
4397:
4386:
4385:
4377:
4336:Mikhail Tikhanov
4326:Pacific Alliance
4118:Gulf of Thailand
3886:Ho Chi Minh City
3820:
3817:
3799:
3792:
3734:Marshall Islands
3672:Marine pollution
3572:Papua New Guinea
3548:Louisville Ridge
3425:Abraham Ortelius
3413:Mount St. Helens
3403:Papua New Guinea
3375:oceanic trenches
3343:associated with
3307:tropical cyclone
3301:and the related
3265:British Columbia
3243:on North America
3221:Humboldt Current
3189:Aleutian Current
3178:Kuroshio Current
3121:on the coast of
3115:
3105:French Polynesia
3100:
3088:on the coast of
3081:
3070:French Polynesia
3010:Kermadec Islands
2940:Marshall Islands
2936:Caroline Islands
2879:
2877:
2876:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2839:Macquarie Island
2837:
2835:
2834:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2518:Pitcairn Islands
2516:
2514:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2479:Papua New Guinea
2477:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2319:Marshall Islands
2317:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2185:French Polynesia
2183:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1983:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1531:The bathyscaphe
1504:
1485:
1473:
1457:
1414:Vancouver Island
1394:Aleutian Islands
1256:Papua New Guinea
1248:Caroline Islands
1212:circumnavigation
1154:Francisco Serrão
1150:António de Abreu
1143:Amerigo Vespucci
1074:Marshall Islands
990:Marianas Islands
963:
960:
911:Island Melanesia
814:Early migrations
771:– 12,000 km
765:– 18,000 km
759:– 23,203 km
753:– 35,000 km
747:– 45,000 km
741:– 58,000 km
735:– 70,400 km
729:– 78,000 km
723:– 95,000 km
667:Gulf of Thailand
591:– 2.3 million km
585:– 3.5 million km
553:Top large seas:
527:
519:circumnavigation
512:
447:, including the
335:Water Hemisphere
284:
277:
270:
210:
207:
200:
193:
186:
183:
174:
173:
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
74:
67:
55:
54:
21:
9448:
9447:
9443:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9438:
9437:
9393:
9392:
9391:
9386:
9360:
9302:
9279:
9246:
9210:
9139:
9128:South China Sea
9037:
8980:Central America
8932:
8865:
8786:
8738:Northern Mexico
8726:Northern Canada
8711:Atlantic Canada
8666:Mountain states
8592:
8447:European Russia
8440:Southern Russia
8396:
8349:Iranian Plateau
8177:
8166:West Antarctica
8149:East Antarctica
8135:
8035:
7983:
7959:Land Hemisphere
7940:
7880:
7867:
7803:
7798:
7785:
7761:Pacific Studies
7663:
7653:
7634:
7622:. Minneapolis:
7611:
7583:
7557:
7538:
7514:
7504:Pacific Voyages
7495:
7463:
7444:
7425:
7406:
7385:
7351:
7349:Further reading
7346:
7345:
7335:
7333:
7317:
7313:
7306:
7292:
7288:
7278:
7276:
7266:
7260:
7256:
7241:
7237:
7206:
7202:
7195:
7191:
7174:
7170:
7155:
7154:
7150:
7135:
7131:
7120:
7116:
7105:
7101:
7096:. 1 March 2017.
7088:
7087:
7083:
7066:
7062:
7051:
7047:
7032:
7025:
7014:The Independent
7006:
7005:
7001:
6988:
6987:
6983:
6975:
6971:
6912:
6908:
6891:
6890:
6886:
6880:Wayback Machine
6871:
6867:
6812:
6808:
6796:
6792:
6780:
6776:
6769:
6753:
6749:
6739:
6737:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6720:
6704:
6700:
6693:
6677:
6673:
6666:
6650:
6646:
6639:
6623:
6619:
6612:
6590:
6586:
6577:
6573:
6563:"Pacific Ocean"
6561:
6557:
6548:
6546:
6536:
6510:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6481:
6477:
6471:Wayback Machine
6461:
6457:
6447:
6445:
6437:
6428:
6424:
6412:
6408:
6396:
6392:
6380:
6376:
6364:
6360:
6352:
6348:
6336:
6332:
6325:
6309:
6305:
6295:
6293:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6249:
6245:
6238:
6222:
6218:
6211:
6195:
6191:
6184:
6168:
6164:
6157:
6141:
6137:
6130:
6116:
6115:
6108:
6089:United States.
6087:
6083:
6076:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6029:
6025:
6016:
6014:
6007:Ribero, Diego,
6005:
6001:
5991:
5989:
5981:
5980:
5976:
5969:
5953:
5949:
5942:
5919:
5915:
5903:
5899:
5892:
5881:Basic Geography
5876:
5872:
5827:
5823:
5816:
5805:Plate Tectonics
5800:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5756:
5754:
5745:
5741:
5734:
5718:
5714:
5702:
5698:
5676:
5666:
5662:
5655:
5639:
5635:
5620:William Sater,
5619:
5615:
5606:
5599:
5554:
5550:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5524:
5522:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5499:
5497:
5487:
5483:
5473:
5471:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5454:
5438:
5434:
5420:10.2307/2506024
5404:
5400:
5393:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5291:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5270:
5269:Steven Thomas,
5268:
5264:
5247:
5243:
5230:
5226:
5219:
5200:
5196:
5188:
5184:
5172:
5168:
5159:
5155:
5148:
5132:
5128:
5112:
5108:
5101:
5084:
5080:
5065:
5061:
5052:
5048:
5039:
5035:
5025:
5023:
5008:
5004:
4997:
4977:
4973:
4918:
4914:
4907:
4893:
4889:
4842:
4835:
4804:(R1): R72–R78.
4790:
4786:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4731:
4724:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4683:
4667:
4663:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4511:
4501:
4497:
4487:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4459:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4428:
4418:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4392:
4380:
4372:
4370:
4311:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4267:
4226:Seto Inland Sea
4052:South China Sea
4035:
4030:
3836:
3831:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3805:needs expansion
3790:
3773:
3771:Deep Sea Mining
3746:nuclear weapons
3714:
3638:
3628:
3580:
3556:
3532:
3530:Seamount chains
3508:
3467:Solomon Islands
3463:Mariana Islands
3363:
3355:Main articles:
3353:
3338:and associated
3229:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3101:
3092:
3082:
3022:Austral Islands
3018:Society Islands
2963:Solomon Islands
2932:Mariana Islands
2930:, includes the
2897:
2895:Pacific Islands
2891:
2886:
2874:
2872:
2860:
2858:
2846:
2844:
2832:
2830:
2818:
2816:
2811:Johnston Island
2804:
2802:
2790:
2788:
2776:
2774:
2762:
2760:
2748:
2746:
2734:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2708:
2706:
2695:
2693:
2682:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2651:* (New Zealand)
2642:
2640:
2629:
2627:
2616:
2614:
2603:
2601:
2590:
2588:
2577:
2575:
2571:Solomon Islands
2564:
2562:
2551:
2549:
2538:
2536:
2525:
2523:
2511:
2509:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2483:
2472:
2470:
2459:
2457:
2446:
2444:
2433:
2431:
2419:
2417:
2405:
2403:
2391:
2389:
2378:
2376:
2365:
2363:
2351:
2349:
2338:
2336:
2325:
2323:
2312:
2310:
2299:
2297:
2285:
2283:
2272:
2270:
2259:
2257:
2246:
2244:
2232:
2230:
2219:
2217:
2206:
2204:
2192:
2190:
2178:
2176:
2165:
2163:
2152:
2150:
2139:
2137:
2126:
2124:
2113:
2111:
2099:
2097:
2086:
2084:
2073:
2071:
2060:
2058:
2047:
2045:
2034:
2032:
2021:
2019:
2008:
2006:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1974:
1939:tropical storms
1897:eastern Pacific
1885:western Pacific
1844:(including the
1826:South China Sea
1799:plate tectonics
1774:
1772:
1770:4.97°S 158.75°W
1768:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1749:Starbuck Island
1646:
1525:
1523:Pacific Century
1519:New Imperialism
1515:
1513:New Imperialism
1508:
1505:
1496:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1465:
1458:
1354:Willem Janszoon
1330:Terra Australis
1311:Solomon Islands
1287:Manila galleons
1271:Mariana Islands
1224:Sea of Magellan
1120:
1114:
1068:(including the
1042:Solomon Islands
976:boats, and the
966:outrigger boats
961:
826:
818:Main articles:
816:
784:
779:
774:
757:Seto Inland Sea
583:South China Sea
539:
493:
453:South China Sea
418:Challenger Deep
347:Coriolis effect
288:
212:
211:
208:
201:
194:
187:
157:Pacific Islands
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9446:
9436:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9384:
9382:Physical Earth
9365:
9362:
9361:
9359:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9312:
9310:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9300:
9295:
9289:
9287:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9256:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9221:
9219:
9212:
9211:
9209:
9208:
9203:
9202:
9201:
9196:
9194:Mariana Trench
9191:
9181:
9176:
9174:Atlantic Ocean
9171:
9166:
9165:
9164:
9153:
9151:
9145:
9144:
9141:
9140:
9138:
9137:
9135:Southern Ocean
9132:
9131:
9130:
9125:
9123:East China Sea
9115:
9114:
9113:
9103:
9102:
9101:
9100:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9057:Atlantic Ocean
9054:
9048:
9046:
9039:
9038:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9018:
9017:
9016:
9011:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8990:
8989:
8984:
8983:
8982:
8977:
8962:
8956:
8954:
8944:
8938:
8937:
8934:
8933:
8931:
8930:
8929:
8928:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8892:
8891:
8886:
8875:
8873:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8863:
8861:Remote Oceania
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8842:
8841:
8831:
8830:
8829:
8824:
8823:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8796:
8794:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8784:
8779:
8778:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8770:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8734:
8733:
8731:Western Canada
8728:
8723:
8721:Eastern Canada
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8602:
8600:
8594:
8593:
8591:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8545:
8544:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8510:
8505:
8495:
8494:
8493:
8492:
8491:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8456:
8455:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8443:
8442:
8437:
8435:South Caucasus
8432:
8430:North Caucasus
8422:
8412:
8406:
8404:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8391:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8370:
8369:
8368:
8363:
8353:
8352:
8351:
8341:
8340:
8339:
8337:South Caucasus
8329:
8319:
8318:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8290:
8280:
8275:
8274:
8273:
8268:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8255:
8254:
8239:
8238:
8237:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8215:
8214:
8213:
8208:
8206:Aralkum Desert
8203:
8193:
8187:
8185:
8179:
8178:
8176:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8163:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8145:
8143:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8114:
8104:
8094:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8060:
8054:
8052:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8031:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8005:
8004:
7997:Africa-Eurasia
7993:
7991:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7950:
7948:
7942:
7941:
7939:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7890:
7888:
7882:
7881:
7866:
7865:
7858:
7851:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7830:
7821:
7816:
7810:
7802:
7801:External links
7799:
7797:
7796:
7789:
7783:
7767:
7757:
7750:
7743:
7736:
7726:
7719:
7712:
7705:
7698:
7678:
7671:
7662:
7661:Historiography
7659:
7658:
7657:
7651:
7638:
7632:
7615:
7609:
7594:
7589:Samson, Jane.
7587:
7581:
7568:
7561:
7555:
7542:
7536:
7518:
7512:
7499:
7493:
7474:
7467:
7461:
7448:
7442:
7429:
7423:
7410:
7404:
7389:
7383:
7366:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7311:
7304:
7286:
7254:
7235:
7200:
7189:
7168:
7148:
7129:
7114:
7099:
7081:
7060:
7045:
7023:
6999:
6981:
6979:BBC 9 May 2012
6969:
6906:
6884:
6865:
6806:
6790:
6774:
6767:
6747:
6725:
6718:
6698:
6691:
6671:
6664:
6644:
6637:
6617:
6610:
6584:
6571:
6567:World Factbook
6555:
6534:
6504:
6475:
6455:
6422:
6406:
6390:
6374:
6358:
6346:
6330:
6323:
6303:
6277:
6259:
6251:"Coral island"
6243:
6236:
6216:
6209:
6189:
6182:
6162:
6155:
6135:
6128:
6106:
6081:
6074:
6054:
6023:
5999:
5974:
5967:
5947:
5940:
5913:
5897:
5890:
5870:
5821:
5814:
5794:
5764:
5739:
5732:
5712:
5696:
5693:March 24, 1976
5660:
5653:
5633:
5613:
5597:
5548:
5532:
5507:
5481:
5459:
5452:
5432:
5414:(2): 181–194,
5398:
5391:
5372:
5352:
5345:
5318:
5311:
5285:
5262:
5241:
5224:
5217:
5194:
5182:
5166:
5164:, p. 76. 2005.
5153:
5146:
5126:
5106:
5099:
5078:
5059:
5046:
5033:
5010:Gibbons, Ann.
5002:
4995:
4971:
4912:
4906:978-1902937205
4905:
4887:
4833:
4784:
4741:
4723:978-9814762755
4722:
4700:
4682:978-0817319397
4681:
4661:
4641:978-0199925070
4640:
4622:
4600:
4569:
4552:
4535:
4495:
4473:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4426:
4414:
4402:
4390:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4282:
4279:
4274:Main article:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4250:Gulf of Panama
4247:
4241:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4178:Gulf of Tonkin
4175:
4169:
4166:Gulf of Anadyr
4163:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4082:East China Sea
4079:
4076:Gulf of Alaska
4073:
4070:Sea of Okhotsk
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4040:Philippine Sea
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3827:Main article:
3823:
3822:
3802:
3800:
3789:
3786:
3772:
3769:
3736:served as the
3713:
3710:
3627:
3624:
3579:
3576:
3555:
3552:
3531:
3528:
3507:
3504:
3419:, U.S. in 2020
3352:
3349:
3269:ocean currents
3228:
3225:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3123:Southern Chile
3117:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3083:
3076:
2893:Main article:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2870:
2856:
2842:
2828:
2814:
2800:
2786:
2783:Howland Island
2772:
2758:
2744:
2729:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2704:
2691:
2678:
2665:
2652:
2638:
2625:
2612:
2599:
2586:
2573:
2560:
2547:
2534:
2521:
2507:
2494:
2481:
2468:
2455:
2442:
2429:
2415:
2412:Norfolk Island
2401:
2387:
2374:
2361:
2347:
2334:
2321:
2308:
2295:
2281:
2268:
2255:
2242:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2188:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2122:
2109:
2095:
2082:
2069:
2056:
2043:
2030:
2017:
2004:
2001:American Samoa
1989:
1973:
1970:
1914:(north of the
1877:180th meridian
1818:Philippine Sea
1814:East China Sea
1784:Mariana Trench
1775:-4.97; -158.75
1717:Southern Ocean
1645:
1642:
1611:Policarpo Toro
1574:Charles Darwin
1539:Mariana Trench
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1489:Maris Pacifici
1487:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1396:, such as the
1242:and round the
1162:Maluku Islands
1116:Main article:
1113:
1110:
1034:Lapita culture
1002:Remote Oceania
978:crab claw sail
917:settlers from
849:crab claw sail
815:
812:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
715:Gulf of Tonkin
712:
706:
700:
697:Gulf of Anadyr
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
613:East China Sea
610:
607:Gulf of Alaska
604:
601:Sea of Okhotsk
598:
597:– 2 million km
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
565:Philippine Sea
562:
555:
538:
535:
492:
489:
473:Gulf of Alaska
465:Sea of Okhotsk
457:East China Sea
449:Philippine Sea
422:Mariana Trench
308:Southern Ocean
290:
289:
287:
286:
279:
272:
264:
261:
260:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
221:
220:
214:
213:
202:
188:
178:
177:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:
75:
69:
68:
60:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9445:
9434:
9433:South America
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9413:North America
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9403:Pacific Ocean
9401:
9400:
9398:
9383:
9379:
9375:
9367:
9366:
9363:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9311:
9309:
9305:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9286:
9282:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9257:
9255:
9253:
9249:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9231:
9228:
9227:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9218:
9213:
9207:
9204:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9186:
9185:
9184:Pacific Ocean
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9158:
9155:
9154:
9152:
9150:
9146:
9136:
9133:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9120:
9119:
9118:Pacific Ocean
9116:
9112:
9109:
9108:
9107:
9104:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9084:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9072:Caribbean Sea
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9059:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9045:
9040:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9023:
9022:
9019:
9015:
9014:by population
9012:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8988:
8987:South America
8985:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8971:
8970:North America
8968:
8967:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8953:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8939:
8927:
8924:
8923:
8922:
8921:Southern Cone
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8896:Andean States
8894:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8881:
8880:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8871:South America
8868:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8840:
8837:
8836:
8835:
8832:
8828:
8825:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8803:
8802:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8789:
8783:
8780:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8633:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8599:
8598:North America
8595:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8561:Low Countries
8559:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8549:
8543:
8540:
8539:
8538:
8537:South-western
8535:
8531:
8528:
8527:
8526:
8525:South-eastern
8523:
8519:
8516:
8515:
8514:
8513:South-central
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8503:Mediterranean
8501:
8500:
8499:
8496:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8469:British Isles
8467:
8465:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8427:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8407:
8405:
8403:
8399:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8374:
8371:
8367:
8366:Levantine Sea
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8354:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8342:
8338:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8324:
8323:
8320:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8302:
8301:
8298:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8285:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8259:
8253:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8245:
8244:
8243:
8240:
8236:
8233:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8216:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8184:
8180:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8138:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8095:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8070:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8058:Mediterranean
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8038:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8003:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7995:
7994:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7947:
7943:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7864:
7859:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7834:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7805:
7804:
7794:
7790:
7786:
7780:
7776:
7775:
7768:
7766:
7762:
7758:
7755:
7751:
7748:
7745:Munro, Doug.
7744:
7741:
7737:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7724:
7720:
7717:
7713:
7710:
7706:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7694:
7688:
7683:
7679:
7676:
7672:
7669:
7665:
7664:
7654:
7648:
7644:
7639:
7635:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7616:
7612:
7606:
7602:
7601:
7595:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7578:
7574:
7569:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7552:
7548:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7519:
7515:
7509:
7505:
7500:
7496:
7490:
7486:
7483:. Vancouver:
7482:
7481:
7475:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7458:
7454:
7449:
7445:
7439:
7435:
7430:
7426:
7420:
7416:
7411:
7407:
7401:
7397:
7396:
7390:
7386:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7354:
7353:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7323:
7315:
7307:
7301:
7297:
7290:
7274:
7273:
7265:
7258:
7251:(in Spanish).
7250:
7246:
7239:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7220:(5827): 987.
7219:
7215:
7211:
7204:
7198:
7193:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7172:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7152:
7144:
7140:
7133:
7125:
7118:
7111:. Al-Jazeera.
7110:
7103:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7077:
7076:
7075:Asahi Shimbun
7071:
7064:
7056:
7049:
7041:
7037:
7030:
7028:
7019:
7015:
7010:
7003:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6978:
6973:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6910:
6902:
6898:
6894:
6888:
6881:
6877:
6874:
6869:
6861:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6810:
6803:
6799:
6794:
6787:
6783:
6778:
6770:
6764:
6760:
6759:
6751:
6735:
6729:
6721:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6702:
6694:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6675:
6667:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6648:
6640:
6634:
6630:
6629:
6621:
6613:
6607:
6603:
6598:
6597:
6588:
6581:
6575:
6568:
6564:
6559:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6508:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6479:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6459:
6443:
6436:
6432:
6426:
6419:
6415:
6410:
6403:
6399:
6394:
6387:
6383:
6378:
6371:
6367:
6362:
6355:
6350:
6343:
6339:
6334:
6326:
6320:
6316:
6315:
6307:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6273:
6269:
6263:
6256:
6252:
6247:
6239:
6233:
6229:
6228:
6220:
6212:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6193:
6185:
6179:
6175:
6174:
6166:
6158:
6152:
6148:
6147:
6139:
6131:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6113:
6111:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6085:
6077:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6058:
6042:
6038:
6037:Mysticalroads
6034:
6027:
6012:
6011:
6003:
5988:
5984:
5978:
5970:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5951:
5943:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5910:
5906:
5901:
5893:
5887:
5883:
5882:
5874:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5841:(4376): 484.
5840:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5817:
5811:
5807:
5806:
5798:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5753:
5749:
5743:
5735:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5716:
5709:
5705:
5700:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5675:
5669:
5664:
5656:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5637:
5631:
5630:0-8203-1249-5
5627:
5623:
5617:
5610:
5604:
5602:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5552:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5496:
5492:
5485:
5469:
5463:
5455:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5436:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5402:
5394:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5376:
5370:
5369:0-7270-0800-5
5366:
5362:
5356:
5348:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5325:
5323:
5314:
5308:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5289:
5273:
5266:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5245:
5239:
5235:
5228:
5220:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5198:
5191:
5186:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5163:
5157:
5149:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5130:
5124:
5123:0-8133-3749-6
5120:
5116:
5110:
5102:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5087:Milton, Giles
5082:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5050:
5043:
5037:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5006:
4998:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4982:South Pacific
4975:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4916:
4908:
4902:
4898:
4891:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4840:
4838:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4651:
4643:
4637:
4633:
4626:
4610:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4583:public domain
4573:
4562:
4556:
4545:
4539:
4531:
4525:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4483:
4477:
4470:
4468:
4463:
4462:Pacific Ocean
4457:
4455:
4453:
4448:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:Pacific coast
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4287:
4277:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4196:Gulf of Papua
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4184:Halmahera Sea
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3976:San Francisco
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3830:
3819:
3816:December 2020
3810:
3806:
3803:This section
3801:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3755:In 2021, the
3753:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3742:nuclear tests
3739:
3735:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3712:Nuclear waste
3709:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3691:Marine debris
3688:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3659:coast in 2008
3658:
3654:
3653:Marine debris
3650:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3609:, as well as
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3461:, Japan, the
3460:
3459:Kuril Islands
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3436:andesite line
3432:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3391:stratovolcano
3387:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3361:Pacific Plate
3358:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3170:latitude 15°N
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3141:
3136:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:to the east.
3039:
3038:Easter Island
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2979:New Caledonia
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2882:
2871:
2868:
2867:Palmyra Atoll
2857:
2854:
2843:
2840:
2829:
2826:
2815:
2812:
2801:
2798:
2797:Jarvis Island
2787:
2784:
2773:
2770:
2759:
2756:
2745:
2742:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2716:
2705:
2703:
2692:
2690:
2679:
2677:
2676:United States
2666:
2664:
2653:
2650:
2639:
2637:
2626:
2624:
2613:
2611:
2600:
2598:
2587:
2585:
2574:
2572:
2561:
2559:
2548:
2546:
2535:
2533:
2522:
2519:
2508:
2506:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2480:
2469:
2467:
2456:
2454:
2443:
2441:
2430:
2427:
2416:
2414:* (Australia)
2413:
2402:
2399:
2388:
2386:
2375:
2373:
2362:
2359:
2358:New Caledonia
2348:
2346:
2335:
2333:
2322:
2320:
2309:
2307:
2296:
2293:
2282:
2280:
2269:
2267:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2240:
2229:
2227:
2216:
2214:
2203:
2200:
2189:
2186:
2175:
2173:
2162:
2160:
2149:
2147:
2136:
2134:
2123:
2121:
2110:
2107:
2096:
2094:
2083:
2081:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2042:
2031:
2029:
2018:
2016:
2005:
2002:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1966:Diogo Ribeiro
1963:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:Bering Strait
1863:
1859:
1858:Drake Passage
1855:
1851:
1850:Torres Strait
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1828:(South Sea),
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1659:
1658:thunderclouds
1655:
1650:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:Easter Island
1604:
1603:New Caledonia
1600:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1462:Diogo Ribeiro
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1440:accompanying
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:Torres Strait
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:Spice Islands
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:Jorge Álvares
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:New Caledonia
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
957:
953:
949:
946:
939:
934:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
847:) hull and a
846:
842:
838:
835:
830:
825:
821:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
733:Gulf of Papua
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:Halmahera Sea
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
554:
548:
543:
534:
532:
528:
526:
520:
516:
511:
506:
502:
498:
495:In the early
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:marginal seas
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:South America
388:
384:
383:North America
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
322:in the east.
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:Pacific Ocean
285:
280:
278:
273:
271:
266:
265:
263:
262:
259:
258:Marginal seas
256:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:Earth's ocean
216:
215:
206:
199:seawater flow
198:
192:
182:
176:
175:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
123:Average depth
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
76:
70:
66:
61:
58:Pacific Ocean
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9380: /
9378:List of seas
9376: /
9341:Global South
9326:Global North
9260:Atlantic Rim
9199:Ring of Fire
9183:
9179:Indian Ocean
9169:Arctic Ocean
9111:Persian Gulf
9106:Indian Ocean
9087:Adriatic Sea
9052:Arctic Ocean
8884:Amazon Basin
8879:Amazon Plain
8851:Near Oceania
8656:Mid-Atlantic
8606:Aridoamerica
8566:Northwestern
8479:Northwestern
8452:Southeastern
8344:Greater Iran
8283:Southeastern
8278:Pacific Asia
8247:Pacific Asia
8235:Northeastern
8191:Asia–Pacific
7934:Fourth World
7924:Second World
7792:
7773:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7729:
7722:
7715:
7708:
7701:
7691:
7674:
7667:
7642:
7619:
7599:
7590:
7572:
7564:
7546:
7523:
7503:
7479:
7470:
7452:
7433:
7414:
7394:
7370:
7360:. Honolulu:
7357:
7334:. Retrieved
7321:
7314:
7295:
7289:
7277:. Retrieved
7275:(in Spanish)
7270:
7257:
7248:
7238:
7230:the original
7217:
7213:
7203:
7192:
7181:
7171:
7160:
7151:
7142:
7132:
7117:
7102:
7093:
7084:
7073:
7063:
7054:
7048:
7040:the original
7013:
7002:
6993:
6984:
6972:
6923:
6919:
6909:
6896:
6887:
6868:
6823:
6819:
6809:
6801:
6793:
6785:
6777:
6757:
6750:
6738:. Retrieved
6728:
6708:
6701:
6681:
6674:
6654:
6647:
6627:
6620:
6595:
6587:
6574:
6566:
6558:
6547:, retrieved
6517:
6507:
6495:. Retrieved
6478:
6458:
6446:. Retrieved
6425:
6417:
6409:
6401:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6369:
6361:
6349:
6341:
6333:
6313:
6306:
6294:. Retrieved
6290:the original
6280:
6271:
6262:
6254:
6246:
6226:
6219:
6199:
6192:
6172:
6165:
6145:
6138:
6118:
6099:
6084:
6064:
6057:
6045:. Retrieved
6041:the original
6036:
6026:
6017:30 September
6015:, retrieved
6009:
6002:
5990:. Retrieved
5986:
5977:
5957:
5950:
5926:
5916:
5908:
5900:
5880:
5873:
5838:
5834:
5824:
5804:
5797:
5785:. Retrieved
5776:
5767:
5755:. Retrieved
5751:
5742:
5722:
5715:
5707:
5699:
5667:
5663:
5643:
5636:
5621:
5616:
5608:
5565:
5561:
5551:
5541:
5535:
5523:. Retrieved
5519:
5510:
5498:. Retrieved
5494:
5484:
5472:. Retrieved
5462:
5442:
5435:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5381:
5375:
5360:
5355:
5331:
5296:
5288:
5276:. Retrieved
5265:
5251:
5244:
5233:
5227:
5207:
5197:
5185:
5174:
5169:
5161:
5156:
5136:
5129:
5114:
5109:
5090:
5081:
5068:
5062:
5054:
5049:
5041:
5036:
5024:. Retrieved
5015:
5005:
4981:
4974:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4896:
4890:
4849:
4845:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4732:. Retrieved
4713:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4671:
4664:
4634:. New York.
4631:
4625:
4613:. Retrieved
4603:
4592:
4572:
4555:
4538:
4512:. Retrieved
4508:
4498:
4486:. Retrieved
4476:
4465:
4296:
4148:Bismarck Sea
4088:Sea of Japan
3813:
3809:adding to it
3804:
3782:
3774:
3754:
3731:
3695:
3689:
3670:
3662:
3581:
3557:
3533:
3509:
3497:
3489:Ring of Fire
3485:
3475:
3471:North Island
3451:Aleutian arc
3443:igneous rock
3433:
3422:
3371:Ring of Fire
3332:
3296:
3273:
3257:
3182:
3145:
3050:
3046:Bougainville
3042:
3014:Cook Islands
2983:
2948:
2912:
2904:Tarawa Atoll
2853:Midway Atoll
2825:Kingman Reef
2741:Baker Island
2726:
2106:Cook Islands
1986:
1959:
1945:are full of
1928:
1905:
1896:
1893:East Pacific
1892:
1891:, while the
1884:
1881:West Pacific
1880:
1874:
1870:Arctic Ocean
1854:Indian Ocean
1822:Sea of Japan
1816:(East Sea),
1803:
1796:
1733:5°N latitude
1706:
1694:
1619:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1568:
1559:
1552:taking over
1532:
1406:Vitus Bering
1387:
1374:mare clausum
1372:
1370:
1327:
1307:Cook Islands
1260:
1240:Indian Ocean
1223:
1215:
1197:
1188:
1178:
1147:
1126:
1086:Cook Islands
1036:reached the
1031:
1026:Indian Ocean
942:
915:Austronesian
888:
853:
785:
691:Bismarck Sea
625:Sea of Japan
552:
531:peaceful sea
530:
525:Mar Pacífico
522:
503:crossed the
497:16th century
494:
461:Sea of Japan
442:
434:Tonga Trench
430:Horizon Deep
415:
406:
403:Pacific Asia
394:
386:
378:
375:West Pacific
374:
371:East Pacific
370:
358:
354:
324:
304:Arctic Ocean
295:
293:
254:
249:
224:
139:Water volume
115:Surface area
52:
9356:Global West
9316:Global East
9275:Pacific Rim
9217:waterbodies
9206:World Ocean
9031:New Zealand
8911:The Guianas
8800:Australasia
8743:West Indies
8671:New England
8651:Great Lakes
8621:Mesoamerica
8508:Middle East
8484:Scandinavia
8373:Middle East
8211:Caspian Sea
8117:Great Lakes
8097:Sub-Saharan
8083:Middle East
7946:Hemispheres
7929:Third World
7919:First World
7872:'s primary
6926:: 215–224.
6013:, W. Griggs
5987:www.loc.gov
5568:(553): 95.
4400:Environment
4244:Visayan Sea
4232:Sibuyan Sea
4160:Molucca Sea
4136:Celebes Sea
4100:Arafura Sea
4094:Solomon Sea
4021:Vladivostok
3961:Panama City
3926:Los Angeles
3906:Johor Bahru
3702:Fobos-Grunt
3677:fertilizers
3626:Environment
3620:Okhotsk Sea
3615:Overfishing
3564:natural gas
3516:Panthalassa
3399:New Britain
3260:trade winds
3252:Typhoon Tip
3174:trade winds
3119:Los Molinos
3053:coral reefs
2881:Wake Island
2841:(Australia)
2771:(Australia)
2623:Timor-Leste
2584:South Korea
2505:Philippines
2440:North Korea
2372:New Zealand
2146:El Salvador
1951:earthquakes
1943:Pacific Rim
1935:Philippines
1806:Celebes Sea
1773: /
1626:Pacific War
1594:(1874–76).
1562:imperialism
1432:. In 1768,
1412:, reaching
1267:Philippines
1252:Aru Islands
1232:Philippines
1193:"South Sea"
1189:Mar del Sur
1100:by 900 CE;
1096:by 700 CE;
1008:, reaching
982:Philippines
962: 3000
923:Philippines
895:Melanesians
856:Paleolithic
832:Model of a
703:Molucca Sea
679:Celebes Sea
643:Arafura Sea
631:Solomon Sea
619:Mar de Grau
577:Chilean Sea
510:Mar del Sur
477:Mar de Grau
438:Sirena Deep
399:Far Eastern
331:hydrosphere
327:World Ocean
163:Settlements
98: /
73:Coordinates
9397:Categories
9097:Ionian Sea
9092:Aegean Sea
9062:Baltic Sea
8994:Antarctica
8846:Micronesia
8815:New Guinea
8773:Portuguese
8696:West Coast
8646:East Coast
8641:Bible Belt
8636:Appalachia
8315:Subregions
8223:Inner Asia
8141:Antarctica
8041:Continents
8014:Antarctica
7989:Landmasses
7899:Down Under
7894:Arab World
7878:subregions
6740:31 October
6549:25 October
6366:"Kuroshio"
5992:3 December
5691:, enacted
5683:, 90
5073:Bandanaira
4514:18 October
4443:References
4346:Seven Seas
4256:Manila Bay
4154:Flores Sea
4112:Yellow Sea
4064:Bering Sea
4058:Tasman Sea
4011:Valparaíso
3921:Long Beach
3630:See also:
3500:subduction
3481:Cordillera
3340:jet stream
3336:Westerlies
3303:wet season
3235:Impact of
3205:New Guinea
3193:Bering Sea
3138:Sunset in
2967:Santa Cruz
2951:New Guinea
2916:Micronesia
2717:* (France)
2360:* (France)
2187:* (France)
2120:Costa Rica
1916:South Pole
1838:Yellow Sea
1834:Tasman Sea
1745:Kiritimati
1725:Antarctica
1709:Bering Sea
1682:Micronesia
1656:. Tops of
1580:Challenger
1517:See also:
1438:astronomer
1436:, a young
1422:James Cook
1156:, via the
1092:, and the
1066:Micronesia
1018:Madagascar
974:lashed-lug
970:catamarans
907:New Guinea
905:, coastal
868:New Guinea
782:Prehistory
763:Salish Sea
655:Yellow Sea
595:Bering Sea
589:Tasman Sea
483:, and the
481:Tasman Sea
469:Bering Sea
405:, and the
363:South Seas
312:Antarctica
131:Max. depth
9293:Antarctic
9077:Irish Sea
9067:Black Sea
9026:Australia
8975:Caribbean
8952:continent
8926:Patagonia
8856:Polynesia
8834:Melanesia
8827:Zealandia
8805:Australia
8691:Southwest
8611:Caribbean
8388:Near East
8029:submerged
8024:Zealandia
8019:Australia
7909:Old World
7904:New World
6964:196691104
6948:0025-326X
6544:212780026
6296:23 August
5470:. Loc.gov
5205:(2004) .
4820:0964-6906
4779:161735451
4771:0003-598X
4751:Antiquity
4650:cite book
4424:Geography
4262:Tokyo Bay
4238:Seram Sea
4220:Bohol Sea
4190:Bohai Sea
4106:Banda Sea
4046:Coral Sea
4016:Vancouver
3991:Singapore
3971:San Diego
3936:Melbourne
3911:Kaohsiung
3891:Hong Kong
3876:Guangzhou
3866:Cebu City
3720:In 2020,
3685:dead zone
3611:shellfish
3603:swordfish
3560:petroleum
3493:volcanism
3217:Cape Horn
2986:Polynesia
2955:Greenland
2924:Polynesia
2920:Melanesia
2558:Singapore
2385:Nicaragua
2253:Indonesia
2239:Hong Kong
2213:Guatemala
2015:Australia
1947:volcanoes
1810:Coral Sea
1743:south of
1697:Antarctic
1690:Polynesia
1686:Melanesia
1644:Geography
1587:Tuscarora
1418:Polynesia
1319:Marshalls
1303:Marquesas
1220:Cape Horn
1160:, to the
1139:New World
1094:Marquesas
1082:Polynesia
1070:Carolines
1010:Indonesia
945:Neolithic
872:Sundaland
860:East Asia
845:catamaran
804:seamounts
796:volcanoes
788:Australia
769:Seram Sea
727:Bohai Sea
649:Timor Sea
637:Banda Sea
571:Coral Sea
491:Etymology
485:Coral Sea
369:into the
195:Earth's
95:0°N 160°W
8820:Tasmania
8768:Hispanic
8631:Northern
8578:Germanic
8556:Atlantic
8498:Southern
8459:Northern
8425:Caucasus
8361:Dead Sea
8332:Caucasus
8300:Southern
8293:Maritime
8288:Mainland
8261:Northern
8242:Far East
8201:Aral Sea
8124:Southern
8068:Northern
7824:NOAA TAO
7684:(1911).
7336:22 March
7279:22 March
7018:Archived
6994:ABC News
6956:31426149
6901:Archived
6876:Archived
6860:24043810
6467:Archived
6464:Monsoon.
6097:(2009).
5924:(1979).
5865:36029611
5781:Archived
5525:23 March
5500:23 March
5474:20 April
5177:| url =
5089:(1999).
5026:23 March
5020:Archived
4966:33753512
4882:29838345
4874:19164742
4828:33481023
4728:Archived
4687:Archived
4524:cite web
4309:See also
4214:Savu Sea
4208:Bali Sea
4202:Koro Sea
4142:Sulu Sea
4124:Java Sea
4026:Yokohama
3986:Shanghai
3966:Portland
3946:Nakhodka
3896:Honolulu
3881:Haiphong
3846:Auckland
3841:Acapulco
3657:Hawaiian
3595:sardines
3546:and the
3536:seamount
3324:typhoons
3149:Salinity
3086:Colombia
3008:and the
2944:Kiribati
2908:Kiribati
2757:(France)
2610:Thailand
2306:Malaysia
2279:Kiribati
2226:Honduras
2093:Colombia
2041:Cambodia
1955:Tsunamis
1860:and the
1830:Sulu Sea
1790:; 5,966
1761:158°45′W
1741:Kiribati
1737:Colombia
1729:Ross Sea
1576:aboard;
1560:Growing
1493:Ortelius
1400:and the
1392:and the
1366:Tasmania
1338:Pitcairn
1321:and the
1295:Acapulco
1216:Pacífico
1135:Americas
1106:Americas
1102:Rapa Nui
1078:Kiribati
1020:and the
1014:Malaysia
891:Negritos
792:Americas
790:and the
751:Savu Sea
745:Bali Sea
739:Koro Sea
685:Sulu Sea
661:Java Sea
373:and the
357:and the
337:and the
329:and the
320:Americas
240:Atlantic
9418:Oceania
9021:Oceania
9009:by area
8965:America
8942:Islands
8792:Oceania
8661:Midwest
8616:Central
8583:Romance
8551:Western
8420:Balkans
8415:Eastern
8410:Central
8378:Mashriq
8322:Western
8266:Siberia
8218:Eastern
8196:Central
8129:Western
8102:Central
8078:Mashriq
8073:Maghreb
8063:Saharan
8009:America
8002:Eurasia
7874:regions
7827:El Niño
7567:(2015).
7331:1611130
7214:Science
6928:Bibcode
6851:3791778
6828:Bibcode
6497:25 July
6448:30 June
6268:"Nauru"
6047:6 April
5843:Bibcode
5757:18 July
5673:Pub. L.
5592:4070183
5570:Bibcode
5428:2506024
5337:305–307
5016:Science
4957:8020671
4934:Bibcode
4854:Bibcode
4846:Science
4615:8 April
4585::
4488:8 April
4436:Weather
4412:Ecology
4374:Portals
4001:Tianjin
3981:Seattle
3951:Oakland
3916:Keelung
3901:Jakarta
3851:Bangkok
3698:Mars 96
3681:hypoxia
3599:snapper
3587:herring
3578:Fishing
3554:Economy
3512:Rodinia
3351:Geology
3299:monsoon
3292:La Niña
3288:El Niño
3241:La Niña
3237:El Niño
3227:Climate
3172:by the
3066:Makatea
3030:Tuamotu
2998:Tokelau
2971:Vanuatu
2702:Vietnam
2689:Vanuatu
2649:Tokelau
2133:Ecuador
1933:to the
1792:fathoms
1711:in the
1615:Rapanui
1592:Gazelle
1534:Trieste
1342:Vanuatu
1315:Vanuatu
1206:to the
1174:Malacca
1098:Hawaiʻi
1046:Vanuatu
1024:in the
1022:Comoros
950:of the
777:History
547:GOES-18
432:in the
420:in the
411:Oceania
409:around
351:equator
250:Pacific
152:Islands
100:0; -160
18:Pacific
9428:Oceans
9308:Global
9298:Arctic
9237:Rivers
9215:Other
9149:Oceans
9004:Europe
8960:Africa
8753:French
8626:Middle
8588:Slavic
8573:Celtic
8474:Nordic
8464:Baltic
8402:Europe
8356:Levant
8050:Africa
7886:Worlds
7781:
7765:online
7734:online
7649:
7630:
7607:
7579:
7553:
7534:
7510:
7491:
7459:
7440:
7421:
7402:
7381:
7329:
7302:
6962:
6954:
6946:
6858:
6848:
6765:
6716:
6689:
6662:
6635:
6608:
6542:
6532:
6321:
6234:
6207:
6180:
6153:
6126:
6072:
5965:
5938:
5888:
5863:
5835:Nature
5812:
5787:9 June
5730:
5687:
5681:94–241
5679:
5651:
5628:
5590:
5562:Nature
5450:
5426:
5389:
5367:
5343:
5309:
5278:22 May
5215:
5144:
5121:
5097:
4993:
4964:
4954:
4903:
4880:
4872:
4826:
4818:
4777:
4769:
4734:4 June
4720:
4693:4 June
4679:
4638:
4388:Oceans
3996:Sydney
3941:Nagoya
3931:Manila
3871:Dalian
3861:Callao
3704:, and
3605:, and
3591:salmon
3568:pearls
3520:Pangea
3465:, the
3457:, the
3447:felsic
3395:Ulawun
3284:Hawaii
3199:. The
3164:. The
3142:, U.S.
3062:Banaba
3036:, and
2994:Tuvalu
2990:Hawaii
2961:, the
2878:
2864:
2850:
2836:
2822:
2808:
2794:
2780:
2766:
2752:
2738:
2712:
2699:
2686:
2673:
2663:Tuvalu
2660:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2597:Taiwan
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2532:Russia
2529:
2520:* (UK)
2515:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2466:Panama
2463:
2450:
2437:
2428:* (US)
2423:
2409:
2395:
2382:
2369:
2355:
2342:
2332:Mexico
2329:
2316:
2303:
2289:
2276:
2263:
2250:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2201:* (US)
2196:
2182:
2169:
2156:
2143:
2130:
2117:
2103:
2090:
2077:
2064:
2054:Canada
2051:
2038:
2028:Brunei
2025:
2012:
2003:* (US)
1998:
1879:, the
1836:, and
1758:4°58′S
1713:Arctic
1701:Arctic
1638:states
1599:Tahiti
1569:Beagle
1554:Tahiti
1426:Hawaii
1390:Alaska
1360:, and
1317:, the
1309:, the
1305:, the
1301:, the
1299:Tuvalu
1291:Manila
1285:. The
1254:, and
1250:, the
1090:Tahiti
1076:, and
1072:, the
1052:, and
1040:, the
956:Taiwan
919:Taiwan
909:, and
897:, and
834:Fijian
808:lagoon
800:atolls
428:, the
385:, the
353:, the
245:Indian
235:Arctic
42:,
38:,
34:,
9285:Polar
9230:lists
9225:Lakes
9044:ocean
8763:Ibero
8758:Latin
8748:Anglo
7870:Earth
7267:(PDF)
7249:ANEPE
6960:S2CID
6540:S2CID
6438:(PDF)
5861:S2CID
5685:Stat.
5588:S2CID
5424:JSTOR
4878:S2CID
4775:S2CID
4564:(PDF)
4547:(PDF)
4006:Tokyo
3956:Osaka
3856:Busan
3655:on a
3478:Andes
3440:mafic
3156:(the
3006:Tonga
3002:Samoa
2636:Tonga
2545:Samoa
2453:Palau
2345:Nauru
2292:Macau
2266:Japan
2067:Chile
1172:from
1062:Samoa
1058:Tonga
994:Palau
884:Manus
876:Sahul
86:160°W
9408:Asia
9242:Seas
8999:Asia
8271:Ural
8183:Asia
8112:Horn
8107:East
7876:and
7779:ISBN
7647:ISBN
7628:ISBN
7605:ISBN
7577:ISBN
7551:ISBN
7532:ISBN
7508:ISBN
7489:ISBN
7457:ISBN
7438:ISBN
7419:ISBN
7400:ISBN
7379:ISBN
7338:2021
7327:OCLC
7300:ISBN
7281:2021
6952:PMID
6944:ISSN
6856:PMID
6763:ISBN
6742:2010
6714:ISBN
6687:ISBN
6660:ISBN
6633:ISBN
6606:ISBN
6551:2023
6530:ISBN
6499:2006
6450:2014
6319:ISBN
6298:2013
6232:ISBN
6205:ISBN
6178:ISBN
6151:ISBN
6124:ISBN
6070:ISBN
6049:2017
6019:2017
5994:2014
5963:ISBN
5936:ISBN
5932:Avon
5886:ISBN
5810:ISBN
5789:2013
5759:2022
5728:ISBN
5649:ISBN
5626:ISBN
5527:2018
5502:2018
5476:2013
5448:ISBN
5387:ISBN
5365:ISBN
5341:ISBN
5307:ISBN
5280:2015
5213:ISBN
5142:ISBN
5119:ISBN
5095:ISBN
5028:2019
4991:ISBN
4962:PMID
4901:ISBN
4870:PMID
4824:PMID
4816:ISSN
4767:ISSN
4736:2020
4718:ISBN
4695:2020
4677:ISBN
4656:link
4636:ISBN
4617:2022
4530:link
4516:2018
4490:2022
4301:and
3634:and
3607:tuna
3583:Fish
3562:and
3434:The
3359:and
3239:and
3209:50°S
3185:45°N
3051:The
3020:and
2977:and
2975:Fiji
2922:and
2883:(US)
2869:(US)
2855:(US)
2827:(US)
2813:(US)
2799:(US)
2785:(US)
2743:(US)
2492:Peru
2398:Niue
2199:Guam
2172:Fiji
1960:The
1895:(or
1883:(or
1848:and
1721:60°S
1688:and
1622:Guam
1601:and
1585:USS
1578:HMS
1567:HMS
1521:and
1340:and
1293:and
1279:Guam
1275:Peru
1269:and
1228:Guam
1152:and
1060:and
1050:Fiji
1012:and
996:and
880:Buka
874:and
837:drua
822:and
397:off
389:off
316:Asia
294:The
167:List
9252:Rim
9042:By
8950:By
7222:doi
7218:316
7162:BBC
6936:doi
6924:146
6846:PMC
6836:doi
6824:110
6522:doi
5851:doi
5839:172
5689:263
5578:doi
5416:doi
5257:333
4952:PMC
4942:doi
4930:118
4862:doi
4850:323
4806:doi
4759:doi
4591:".
4464:".
3811:.
3765:Bqs
3415:in
3401:in
3393:in
3290:or
2906:in
1751:at
1727:'s
1719:at
1491:by
998:Yap
533:'.
83:0°N
9399::
7690:.
7626:.
7530:.
7527:.
7487:.
7377:.
7269:.
7247:.
7216:.
7212:.
7180:.
7159:.
7141:.
7092:.
7026:^
7012:.
6992:.
6958:.
6950:.
6942:.
6934:.
6922:.
6918:.
6895:.
6854:.
6844:.
6834:.
6822:.
6818:.
6800:,
6784:,
6604:.
6602:91
6565:,
6538:,
6528:,
6516:,
6490:.
6486:.
6440:.
6416:,
6400:,
6384:,
6368:,
6340:,
6270:.
6253:,
6109:^
6093:;
6035:.
5985:.
5934:.
5930:.
5907:,
5859:.
5849:.
5837:.
5833:.
5779:.
5775:.
5750:.
5706:,
5670:,
5600:^
5586:.
5576:.
5566:22
5564:.
5560:.
5518:.
5493:.
5422:,
5410:,
5339:.
5321:^
5305:.
5303:28
5071:.
5018:.
5014:.
4989:.
4987:19
4960:.
4950:.
4940:.
4928:.
4924:.
4876:.
4868:.
4860:.
4848:.
4836:^
4822:.
4814:.
4802:30
4800:.
4796:.
4773:.
4765:.
4755:86
4753:.
4726:.
4685:.
4652:}}
4648:{{
4526:}}
4522:{{
4507:.
4451:^
4293:".
3752:.
3708:.
3700:,
3687:.
3613:.
3601:,
3597:,
3593:,
3589:,
3550:.
3524:Ma
3473:.
3389:A
3369:A
3271:.
3223:.
3180:.
3072:.
3032:,
3028:,
3016:,
3004:,
3000:,
2996:,
2981:.
2973:,
2969:,
2965:,
2918:,
1953:.
1926:.
1903:.
1872:.
1832:,
1824:,
1820:,
1812:,
1808:,
1788:ft
1684:,
1680::
1640:.
1385:.
1313:,
1176:.
1088:,
1048:,
1044:,
972:,
968:,
959:c.
893:,
862:,
810:.
487:.
479:,
475:,
471:,
467:,
463:,
459:,
455:,
451:,
413:.
393:,
7862:e
7855:t
7848:v
7787:.
7655:.
7636:.
7613:.
7585:.
7559:.
7540:.
7516:.
7497:.
7465:.
7446:.
7427:.
7408:.
7387:.
7364:.
7340:.
7308:.
7283:.
7224::
7186:.
7145:.
7078:.
6966:.
6938::
6930::
6862:.
6838::
6830::
6771:.
6744:.
6722:.
6695:.
6668:.
6641:.
6614:.
6524::
6501:.
6452:.
6327:.
6300:.
6240:.
6213:.
6186:.
6159:.
6132:.
6078:.
6051:.
5996:.
5971:.
5944:.
5894:.
5867:.
5853::
5845::
5818:.
5791:.
5761:.
5736:.
5657:.
5594:.
5580::
5572::
5529:.
5504:.
5478:.
5456:.
5418::
5412:5
5395:.
5349:.
5315:.
5282:.
5259:.
5221:.
5150:.
5103:.
5030:.
4999:.
4968:.
4944::
4936::
4909:.
4884:.
4864::
4856::
4830:.
4808::
4781:.
4761::
4738:.
4697:.
4658:)
4644:.
4619:.
4566:.
4549:.
4532:)
4518:.
4492:.
4469:.
4460:"
4376::
3818:)
3814:(
2400:#
2108:#
401:/
283:e
276:t
269:v
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
