132:
120:
468:
419:
108:
144:
332:
847:"...The object of the 'Commando', jointly operated by German Intelligence and their protege, the Berlin-based Mufti of Jerusalem, was, through contact with local Palestinians and the supply of cash and arms, to organise local resistance activity, including sabotage. This was to be directed against Jewish rather than British targets...."
46:
431:. The mufti and his aids were put on payroll by Nazis and were provided with office and living space for the duration of the war. Salama took a German wife and went through commando and sabotage training, and served a member of a special commando unit of the German foreign intelligence organization
339:
At the beginning of the Revolt in early May 1936 he was assigned to command the Lydda - al-Ramla - Jaffa area. He planned and led a number of successful operations against the
British mandatory forces and the Yishuv. These operations included blowing up railway tracks and electrical power poles,
541:
veterans who joined from his training in
Germany during World War II. Foreign volunteers were important part of Salama force, since local Arabs avoided taking part in fighting. For instance, Salama had to use foreign volunteers to carry out an attack he planned on Jewish transport to
536:
and his assignment to the Lydda district was reconfirmed. As a regional commander Salame organised activity along the roads in his region along Al-Ramla - Jaffa road. About five hundred
Bosnian volunteers joined Salama and Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni ranks. Salama may have known Bosnian
510:
had prior information and were expecting the attack. After three-hour battle
Palestinians retreated, Salama lost about one hundred men killed. The mufti assigned Salama to the Lydda district, the appointment acknowledged by the Military Committee of the
834:
Nazi
Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine by Klaus-Michael Mallmann and Martin Cuppers, tran. by Krista Smith, (Enigma Books, published in association with the United States Holocaust Museum, NY; 2010), pp. 200,
515:, however after Jaffa's commander Al-Hawwari, who was appointed at December 1947, had openly met with Haganah intelligence service officers to discuss cease-fire, Al-Hawwari was abolished from Jaffa. At January 22, Salama had arrived at
459:, where a physician treated his injured foot. The operation was intended to supply local Palestinian Arab resistance groups with resources and arms, and to direct sabotage activity primarily at Jewish (rather than British) targets.
426:
Salama followed the grand mufti al-Husseini to Nazi
Germany and became his senior aid and a virtual covert operative of the Germans." Salama fled to Berlin from Iraq as a member of the mufti's entourage which included also
550:
residents refused to help him. During March 1948 Haganah intelligence had learned that Salama together with Iraqi commander of Al-Ramla established command headquarters in a four-storey building near al-Ramla. On April 5,
523:
recruited by the mufti for Nazis. Salama remained in Jaffa for ten days. Salama was partially successful in organizing militia of five hundred men from the armed groups active in Jaffa, though some joined
1395:
519:
commanding forty
Bosnian Yugoslavian troops, who were experienced soldiers familiar with preparing, using explosives and building fortifications, probably veterans of the Muslim division of
455:. They had some poison capsules intended to liquidate locals believed to be collaborating with the mandatory authorities One of the Germans and Salama evaded capture, and he took refuge in
1266:
538:
1385:
387:
the
British and offered his services to round up his past comrades. The British declined. In Iraq Salama had graduated the Military College at Baghdad together with other
340:
severing lines of communication, and burning Yishuv orchards. In 1938 Salama was wounded when he blew up a train on the Lydda-Haifa line. Salama fought under
194:
395:
and 'Abd-al-Rahim Mahmud. The military training was possible due to the special relationship between the mufti and the Iraqi government. Salama supported
498:'s "personal" army. Salama had retrieved Nazi arms that had been hidden in the Egyptian desert during WWII, and on December 8, 1947, used them to attack
1262:
214:
1375:
844:
1380:
491:
1166:
Frantzman, Seth J; Culibrk, Jovan (2009). "Strange
Bedfellows: The Bosnians and Yugoslav Volunteers in the 1948 War in Israel/Palestine".
1370:
1365:
1390:
1360:
555:'s company infiltrated and destroyed the compound, 25 Arabs were killed. Salama was not harmed, however his escape was deemed
1246:
1219:
1192:
1150:
1123:
1093:
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1037:
1010:
983:
953:
926:
899:
870:
804:
777:
723:
696:
659:
643:
616:
559:. However Salama returned to the destroyed building, retrieved the equipment and established his new command headquarters at
1334:
671:
325:
183:
355:
After the Arab revolt collapsed in
Palestine and the breaking of World War II, in October 1939, Salama fled via
451:. Their equipment reportedly included explosives, submachine guns, dynamite, radio equipment and 5,000
1270:
383:
and Arif Abd al-Razzaq. When he was in Damascus, Syria in 1939, according to British records, Salama
582:
495:
392:
288:
263:
316:. He was one of the leaders of armed Arab groups who fought against British authorities and the
1317:
1027:
1000:
973:
821:
713:
686:
633:
1209:
1182:
1140:
1113:
1083:
943:
767:
396:
364:
219:
112:
1355:
1350:
567:
480:
388:
321:
162:
124:
660:
http://israelsdocuments.blogspot.co.il/2015/06/british-reports-on-hassan-salameh-arab.html
8:
856:
368:
335:
Salama with rifle in hand and on horseback during the revolt in Mandatory Palestine, 1939
563:
village. There are reports that Salama used ex-Nazi advisors in his fight in Palestine.
578:
487:
484:
313:
284:
267:
232:
20:
1242:
1215:
1188:
1146:
1119:
1089:
1062:
1033:
1006:
979:
949:
922:
895:
866:
800:
773:
719:
692:
688:
Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993
639:
612:
432:
72:
467:
1297:
748:
560:
532:
on 5 February 1948, Salama was removed from Jaffa by the Military Committee of the
428:
403:
380:
372:
188:
331:
1302:
1285:
1236:
916:
794:
606:
586:
503:
440:
436:
407:
376:
249:
205:
200:
552:
543:
452:
309:
752:
418:
1344:
444:
341:
270:
147:
137:
439:: on the night of October 6, 1944, Salama and four other commandos (three
891:
862:
574:
533:
512:
494:
associated with Grand Mufti al-Husseini. The force has been described as
857:
Albert Habib Hourani, Philip S. Khoury and Mary C. Wilson (2004-03-04).
45:
1263:"Alphabetical & Chronological listing of Palestinian Personalities"
547:
400:
92:
320:. He participated in the violent 1933 Jaffa demonstrations during the
1058:
520:
471:
North face (breached by sappers) of HQ building of Hasan Salama near
448:
143:
399:
and led a group of 165 Palestinian fighters. He participated in the
1267:
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs
1055:
Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945-1948
529:
499:
472:
360:
507:
1234:
914:
792:
604:
1211:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy
1184:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy
1142:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy
1115:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy
1085:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy
1029:
Palestinians in Jerusalem and Jaffa, 1948: A Tale of Two Cities
1002:
Palestinians in Jerusalem and Jaffa, 1948: A Tale of Two Cities
975:
Palestinians in Jerusalem and Jaffa, 1948: A Tale of Two Cities
945:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy
845:
The National Archives | The Catalogue | Full Details | KV 2/401
356:
317:
739:
Medoff, Rafael (1996). "The Mufti's Nazi years re-examined".
516:
456:
305:
119:
68:
1396:
Rebel commanders of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
1238:
Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East
918:
Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East
796:
Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East
608:
Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East
1286:"Palestine 1948: the cryptography of the Arab volunteers"
19:
For the Palestinian militant who was killed in 1979, see
1235:
Barry Rubin; Wolfgang G. Schwanitz (25 February 2014).
915:
Barry Rubin; Wolfgang G. Schwanitz (25 February 2014).
793:
Barry Rubin; Wolfgang G. Schwanitz (25 February 2014).
605:
Barry Rubin; Wolfgang G. Schwanitz (25 February 2014).
479:
In 1947 Salameh re-emerged as second-in-command of the
1228:
908:
598:
195:
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II
257:
769:
History of the War of Independence: The first month
443:and one Palestinian Arab) parachuted from a German
413:
822:Le Moyen-Orient pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
786:
631:
363:to Baghdad, together with the mufti of Jerusalem
1342:
1165:
967:
965:
888:The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-51
1386:Palestinian people of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
1159:
715:The Good Spy: The Life and Death of Robert Ames
1320:. January 24, 2006 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
1052:
577:and died on 2 June 1948. He was the father of
1107:
1105:
1019:
992:
962:
664:
625:
1025:
998:
971:
765:
684:
278:
34:
772:. University Press of America. p. 65.
759:
266:guerrilla leader and commander who led the
1277:
1201:
1174:
1132:
1102:
1075:
885:
638:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 101–102.
462:
215:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
44:
1301:
1207:
1180:
1138:
1111:
1081:
941:
813:
732:
678:
711:
466:
417:
330:
935:
705:
585:and the man chiefly responsible of the
1343:
1283:
1241:. Yale University Press. p. 200.
921:. Yale University Press. p. 199.
799:. Yale University Press. p. 241.
738:
658:State of Israel's blog, June 3, 2015:
632:Łukasz Hirszowicz (10 November 2016).
611:. Yale University Press. p. 153.
1376:Arab collaborators with Nazi Germany
573:Salama was injured in the battle of
1381:Military personnel killed in action
1335:British police file on Hasan Salama
539:Waffen S. S. 13th Handžar (’Knife’)
279:
253:
35:
13:
1371:German World War II special forces
1366:Arab people in Mandatory Palestine
718:. Crown/Archetype. pp. 104–.
350:
14:
1407:
1327:
1026:Itamar Radai (14 December 2015).
999:Itamar Radai (14 December 2015).
972:Itamar Radai (14 December 2015).
685:Yezid Sayigh (11 December 1997).
635:The Third Reich and the Arab East
16:Palestinian commander (1912–1948)
859:The Modern Middle East: A Reader
691:. Clarendon Press. p. 697.
414:World War II and Operation Atlas
379:and the revolt military leaders
326:1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine
184:1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine
142:
130:
118:
106:
1310:
1290:Journal of Intelligence History
1255:
1046:
879:
850:
838:
828:
304:Salama was born in the village
1391:Palestinian military personnel
1318:"The hunt for Black September"
652:
447:into mandatory Palestine over
1:
1361:Palestinian Arab nationalists
1053:Haim Levenberg (1993-09-01).
948:. Routledge. pp. 52–53.
672:"Salameh ; Sheik Hassan"
592:
324:, and became a leader of the
1303:10.1080/16161262.2013.755018
299:
294:
264:Palestinian Arab nationalist
262:; 1913 – 2 June 1948) was a
7:
566:Salama was a member of the
258:
10:
1412:
1208:David Tal (24 June 2004).
1181:David Tal (24 June 2004).
1139:David Tal (24 June 2004).
1112:David Tal (24 June 2004).
1082:David Tal (24 June 2004).
1032:. Routledge. p. 187.
1005:. Routledge. p. 160.
978:. Routledge. p. 186.
942:David Tal (24 June 2004).
741:Journal of Israeli History
275:Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas
18:
1214:. Routledge. p. 93.
1187:. Routledge. p. 46.
1168:Istorija 20. Veka, 1/2009
1145:. Routledge. p. 20.
1118:. Routledge. p. 63.
1088:. Routledge. p. 68.
886:Ilan Pappé (1994-08-15).
753:10.1080/13531049608576090
228:
176:
168:
156:
98:
78:
55:
43:
30:
1284:Tauber, Eliezer (2013).
712:Kai Bird (20 May 2014).
1333:Israel State Archives,
528:. At a meeting held in
496:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni
463:1947–1948 Palestine War
393:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni
385:"approached indirectly"
289:Abdul Qadir al-Husseini
589:at the 1972 Olympics.
476:
423:
336:
819:Christian Destremau,
766:Uri Milstein (1997).
470:
435:. He participated in
421:
397:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
391:commanders including
365:Hajj Amin al-Husseini
334:
220:1948 Arab-Israeli War
169:Years of service
113:Arab Higher Committee
568:Palestine Arab Party
481:Army of the Holy War
389:Army of the Holy War
322:1933 Palestine riots
163:Army of the Holy War
125:Golden Square (Iraq)
406:and the subsequent
369:Arab High Committee
308:in 1913 during the
579:Ali Hassan Salameh
477:
424:
422:1945 reward poster
337:
285:1948 Palestine War
233:Ali Hassan Salameh
50:Hasan Salama, 1939
21:Ali Hassan Salameh
1248:978-0-300-14090-3
1221:978-1-135-77513-1
1194:978-1-135-77513-1
1152:978-1-135-77513-1
1125:978-1-135-77513-1
1095:978-1-135-77513-1
1068:978-0-7146-3439-5
1039:978-1-317-36806-9
1012:978-1-317-36806-9
985:978-1-317-36806-9
955:978-1-135-77513-1
928:978-0-300-14090-3
901:978-1-85043-819-9
872:978-1-86064-963-9
806:978-0-300-14090-3
779:978-0-7618-0721-6
725:978-0-307-88977-5
698:978-0-19-151354-1
645:978-1-315-40939-9
618:978-0-300-14090-3
492:1947–48 Civil War
280:جيش الجهاد المقدس
239:
238:
73:Ottoman Palestine
1403:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1269:. Archived from
1259:
1253:
1252:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1163:
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702:
682:
676:
675:
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656:
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649:
629:
623:
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602:
526:"only nominally"
429:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
381:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
373:Jamal al-Husayni
282:
281:
261:
255:
189:Second World War
158:
146:
136:
134:
133:
123:
122:
111:
110:
109:
89:
87:
66:
64:
48:
38:
37:
28:
27:
1411:
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1401:
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1325:
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1311:
1282:
1278:
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1256:
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1206:
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1179:
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1164:
1160:
1153:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1061:. p. 198.
1051:
1047:
1040:
1024:
1020:
1013:
997:
993:
986:
970:
963:
956:
940:
936:
929:
913:
909:
902:
884:
880:
873:
865:. p. 537.
855:
851:
843:
839:
833:
829:
825:, Perrin, 2011.
818:
814:
807:
791:
787:
780:
764:
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733:
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679:
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646:
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619:
603:
599:
595:
587:Munich massacre
583:Black September
504:Hatikva Quarter
465:
441:German Templars
437:Operation ATLAS
416:
408:Anglo-Iraqi War
377:Rafiq al-Tamimi
353:
351:Kingdom of Iraq
302:
297:
224:
206:Operation ATLAS
201:Anglo-Iraqi War
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131:
129:
117:
107:
105:
91:
85:
83:
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51:
39:
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24:
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1328:External links
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1273:on 2013-12-04.
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894:. p. 65.
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246:Hassan Salameh
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557:"disgraceful"
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342:nom de guerre
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271:Holy War Army
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259:Ḥasan Salāmah
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58:
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32:Hasan Salama
29:
26:
22:
1312:
1296:(1): 36–48.
1293:
1289:
1279:
1271:the original
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1237:
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1210:
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575:Ra's al-‘Ayn
572:
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425:
404:coup of 1941
384:
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344:
338:
310:Ottoman rule
303:
274:
245:
242:Hasan Salama
241:
240:
177:Battles/wars
138:Nazi Germany
90:(aged 34–35)
25:
1356:1948 deaths
1351:1912 births
892:I.B. Tauris
863:I.B. Tauris
581:, chief of
534:Arab league
513:Arab league
485:Palestinian
287:along with
268:Palestinian
82:2 June 1948
1345:Categories
1057:. London:
890:. London:
861:. London:
747:(3): 317.
593:References
548:Bayt Dajan
488:irregulars
401:Rashid Ali
277:, Arabic:
99:Allegiance
93:Ras al-Ein
86:1948-06-03
1059:Routledge
521:Waffen SS
449:Wadi Qelt
314:Palestine
300:Palestine
295:Biography
283:) in the
254:حسن سلامة
229:Relations
172:1936–1948
36:حسن سلامة
546:, since
530:Damascus
500:Tel Aviv
473:Al-Ramla
371:members
361:Damascus
157:Service/
561:Yehudia
508:Haganah
490:in the
475:in 2015
345:Abu Ali
84: (
61: (
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433:Amt VI
357:Beirut
318:Yishuv
250:Arabic
159:branch
135:
517:Jaffa
312:over
235:(son)
1243:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1034:ISBN
1007:ISBN
980:ISBN
950:ISBN
923:ISBN
896:ISBN
867:ISBN
801:ISBN
774:ISBN
720:ISBN
693:ISBN
640:ISBN
613:ISBN
457:Qula
359:and
306:Qula
79:Died
69:Qula
63:1913
59:1913
56:Born
1298:doi
835:201
749:doi
502:'s
1347::
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