Unexploded ordnance

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removing non-explosive items that the metal detectors have identified, so improved discrimination is critical. New techniques such as shape reconstruction from magnetic data and better de-noising techniques will reduce cleanup costs and enhance recovery. The Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council published a Geophysical Classification for Munitions Response guidance document in August 2015. UXO or UXBs (as they are called in some countries – unexploded bombs) are broadly classified into buried and unburied. The disposal team carries out reconnaissance of the area and determines the location of the ordnance. If is not buried it may be dug up carefully and disposed of. But if the bomb is buried it becomes a huge task. A team is formed to find the location of the bomb using metal detectors and then the earth is dug carefully.

1976: 84: 6337: 1196: 1900:". When the station was deactivated after the war in 1919, UXO in No Man's Land was abandoned there, and unused projectiles and toxic chemicals were buried in deep, poorly mapped pits. Collegiate athletic fields, businesses and homes were subsequently built in the area. Chemical UXO continues to be periodically found on and near campus, and in 2001, the USACE began cleanup efforts after arsenic was found in soil at the athletic fields. In 2017, the USACE was cautiously excavating a university-owned property in an adjacent neighborhood where investigators believed that a large unmapped cache of 2912: 2102:, since 2001, the coalition forces dropped about 20,000 tonnes of ammunition over Afghanistan with an estimated 10% of munitions not detonated according to some experts. Many valleys, fields and dry riverbeds in Macca have been used by foreign soldiers as firing ranges, leaving them peppered with undetonated ammunition. Despite the removal of 16.5 million items since mine-clearing programmes were established in 1989 after the Soviet withdrawal, Macca and its predecessors have recorded 22,000 casualties in the same period. 3648: 2222: 2282: 2460:. An estimated 30% of the munitions failed to detonate on impact and small unexploded bombs are regularly found in and around homes in Iraq, frequently maiming or killing civilians and restricting land use. From 1991 to 2009, an estimated 8,000 people were killed or maimed by cluster bomblets alone, 2,000 of which were children. Land mines are another part of the UXO problem in Iraq as they litter large areas of farmland and many oil fields, severely affecting economic recovery and development. 1873:

offshore. In 1958, three teenage boys who landed their boat on the island were seriously injured when a 11-kilogram (25 lb) practice bomb exploded. As of 2007, the US military had not removed a single bomb from the island, which is adjacent to the Poquoson Flats, a popular destination for fishermen and recreational boaters. Signs placed offshore to warn the public of the hidden danger posed by buried UXO have not been consistently replaced after being blown down by storms. According to the

10452: 1023: 2312:. Each cluster bomb shell contained hundreds of individual bomblets, "bombies", about the size of a tennis ball. An estimated 30% of these munitions did not detonate. Ten of the eighteen Laotian provinces have been described as "severely contaminated" with artillery and mortar shells, mines, rockets, grenades, and other devices from various countries of origin. These munitions pose a continuing obstacle to agriculture and a special threat to children, who are attracted by the toylike devices. 1340: 1324: 3592: 2757: 2672: 2329: 2115: 2084: 2417: 10414: 2294: 1499:

depots were left untended, and easily accessible by the civilian population, as well as soldiers and paramilitary forces. The government did not regain control of these depots, and munitions from them were spread across the country. Several of the stores also exploded, spreading dangerous ordnance over a wide area. Many military vehicles were also destroyed in the fighting all across the country, and these often contain ordnance in an unstable condition.

1666:) and the government brought an end to fighting, and along with it mine laying. In 2009, the UN Mine Action Service (UNMAS) reported that across 16 Sudanese states, contamination totalled 107 square kilometres (41 sq mi). Despite conflict breaking out in 2011, by early 2023 it was reported that only just over 13 km (5.0 sq mi) of Sudanese land was contaminated with mines, and slightly more contaminated with ERW. 3339: 47: 2195: 10462: 1035: 2944: 10443: 10435: 10427: 1229:

level to drop severely, may increase the danger of immersed ordnance. There are countless examples of people tampering with unexploded ordnance that is many years old, often with fatal results. For this reason it is universally recommended that unexploded ordnance should not be touched or handled by unqualified persons. Instead, the location should be reported to the local police so that

3397:), from 2006 to 2009 over 15,000 items of ordnance were found in construction sites in the UK. It is not uncommon for many homes to be evacuated temporarily when a bomb is found. In April 2007, 1,000 residents were evacuated in Plymouth when a World War II bomb was discovered, and in June 2008 a 1,000-kilogram (2,200 lb) bomb was found in Bow in East London. In 2009 CIRIA published 2482: 1412:

2020, estimates provided by the Mine Action Review indicated that approximately 10 square kilometers (or 3.9 square miles) of Chadian territory remained contaminated with these dangerous antipersonnel mines. Additionally, a smaller portion of unexploded ordnance (UXO) related to cluster munitions continues to affect some regions in the northern part of the country.

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pre-existing UXO in order to manufacture improvised explosive devices (IEDs), making the clearance of these remnants of war even more critical for national security. Effective mine clearance and UXO removal are essential not only to reduce the threat of accidental detonation but also to limit the availability of materials that insurgents use for their attacks.

3077:, requiring the evacuation of approximately 70,000 people within a radius of 1.5 km (0.9 mi). This was the largest evacuation in Germany since World War II. Later, it was successfully defused on 3 September. In the meantime, 21,000 residents in Koblenz were evacuated due to an unexploded 500 kg (1,100 lb) bomb dropped by the United States. 1253:, killing three of them and severely injuring six others. The dead and injured each had over 20 years of hands-on experience, and had previously rendered safe between 600 and 700 unexploded bombs. The bomb which killed and injured the EOD personnel was of a particularly dangerous type because it was fitted with a delayed-action chemical 1991:(JSDF) and the US military disposed of 5,500 tons of UXO. Over 30,000 UXO disposal operations have been conducted on Okinawa by the JSDF since 1972, and it is estimated it could take close to a century to dispose of the remaining UXOs on the islands. No injuries or deaths have been reported as a result of UXO disposal, however. 3305:. Most of the UXO from the World Wars has presumably been removed by demining efforts in the mid-1970s, but sporadic remnants may remain in unknown locations. The UXO from the recent military conflicts includes both landmines and cluster bomblets dropped and set by both Ukrainian, anti-government and Russian forces. Reports of 1931:, the site of a 292-day siege. The shell was taken to the city landfill where it was safely detonated by ordnance disposal experts. Also in 2008, a Civil War enthusiast was killed in the explosion of a 23-centimetre (9 in), 34-kilogram (75 lb) naval shell he was attempting to disarm in the driveway of his home near 3178:. More than 16,000 people were told to evacuate the location before the bomb was defused by the ordnance authorities on July 7, 2019. On September 2, 2019, over 15,000 people were evacuated in Hanover, after a World War II aerial bomb, weighing 230 kilograms (500 lb), was found at a construction site. 2716:

Despite massive demining efforts, Europe is still affected to some extent by UXO from mainly World War I and World War II, some countries more than others. However, newer and present military conflicts are also affecting some areas severely, in particular the countries of former Yugoslavia in western

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in 1972. Air Force records show that 140 tonnes (300,000 lb) of various-sized bombs were dropped in just one exercise in December 1938. Because the area is alternately marshy or sandy, many of the bombs did not explode, and were partly or completely buried in mud and sand or lie in the surf just

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are used to target military convoys and vehicles, however inevitably there are civilian casualties. Between 2016 and the end of 2022, the National Commission for the Collection and Control of Illicit weapons reported 183 explosive ordnance incidents, killing 203 and wounding 204. 80% of the incidents

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Chad has been dealing with contamination issues stemming from its numerous conflicts between the 1960s and the 1980s. A significant portion of this contamination comes from the presence of antipersonnel mines, many of which are believed to have originated from Libyan sources during that period. As of

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By July 2016, Algeria had reported that it had cleared all major minefields it had identified to clear. Algeria called on French authorities to provide compensation to the families of the 4000 people who are estimated to have been killed by mines, and thousands who have been left disabled from French

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Even if it does not explode, environmental pollutants are released as it degrades. The toxic compounds and heavy metals can contaminate water and soil over time. Recovery, particularly of deeply-buried projectiles, is difficult and hazardous—jarring may detonate the charge. Once uncovered, explosives

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Seventy-eight countries are contaminated by land mines, which kill or maim 15,000–20,000 people every year. Approximately 80% of casualties are civilian, with children the most affected age group. An estimated average of 50% of deaths occurs within hours of the blast. In recent years, mines have been

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In the U.S., the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) Department of Defense programs fund research into the detection and discrimination of UXO from scrap metal. Much of the cost of UXO removal comes from

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estimates that it will take $ 37.4 billion to clear the currently mined areas of Ukraine over a period of ten years. As of September 10, 2023, the estimated number of civilians killed by mines and unexploded ordinance is 989, and this number will increase as the conflict continues and well after the

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areas. This is the legacy of three decades of war which has taken a severe toll on the Cambodians; it has some 40,000 + amputees, which is one of the highest rates in the world. The Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) estimates that there may be as many as four to six million mines and other pieces

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UXO cleanup in the US involves over 40,000 square kilometres (10 million acres) of land and 1,400 different sites. Estimated cleanup costs are tens of billions of dollars. It costs roughly $ 1,000 to demolish a UXO on site. Other costs include surveying and mapping, removing vegetation from the

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and China were used, violating the UN arms embargo placed on Libya. When the LNA forces withdrew east of Tripoli in June 2021, they left behind an unspecified amount of IED's. It was reported by the UN mine action service that booby traps were left in civilian homes with the only purpose of causing

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that began in 2011, both government and opposition forces used mines. According to the Libyan mine action centre, 30–35,000 were laid; however, these were largely cleared after the downfall of the Gaddafi regime by ex-soldiers. With the downfall of the Gaddafi regime, in March 2011 large ammunition

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and main charge deteriorate, frequently making them more sensitive to disturbance, and therefore more dangerous to handle. Construction work may disturb unsuspected unexploded bombs, which may then explode. Forest fires may be aggravated if buried ordnance explodes and heat waves, causing the water

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Unexploded ordnance, however old, may explode. It might seem that the dangers of UXO decrease over time, but this is not always the case. Corrosion and damages sustained on impact might make it impossible to defuse it safely, it also makes the objects harder to predict. Mixed explosive agents might

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self-detonated and left a crater that measured 10 metres (33 ft) wide and 4 metres (13 ft) deep. Though no one was injured, the explosion was powerful enough to register a minor tremor of 1.7 on the Richter scale. In June 2019, a World War II bomb, weighing 500 kilograms (1,100 lb),

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Some 288 million cluster munitions and about 75 million unexploded bombs were left across Laos after the war ended. From 1996 to 2009, more than 1 million items of UXO were destroyed, freeing up 23,000 hectares of land. Between 1999 and 2008, there were 2,184 casualties (including 834 deaths) from

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UXO disposal squad in June, causing 150 scheduled rail and Shinkansen services to be halted for three hours and affecting 90,000 commuters. In July, an unexploded 1,000-kilogram (2,200 lb) US bomb from an air raid was discovered near the Akabane Station in the Kita Ward and defused on site by

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After World War II, much unused ordnance in Canada was dumped along the country's eastern and western coasts at sites selected by the Canadian military. Other UXO in Canada is found on sites used by the Canadian military for operations, training and weapons tests. These sites are labeled under the

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reported a known contaminated area near Madama military base, totalling just over 0.2 square kilometres (0.077 sq mi). Clearance of approximately 18,000 square metres (190,000 sq ft) took place up to March 2020, however no clearance is thought to have taken place since then. In

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population, urban expansion has strayed into mine belts. As many of these nomads still follow pastoral practises, valuable livestock and people can stray into contact with mines. Despite this, people are unwilling to move due to the fact that Northern Mauritania is known as the best place to raise

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is the most heavily mined country in the world (by number) with as many as 22.7 million mines as of 2024. It is estimated that 22% of Egypt's territory is mined. These mines are from both World War II and wars that Egypt has fought with Israel. Mines contaminate large amounts of agricultural land,

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are the regions mostly affected by unexploded submunitions. Proper, reliable statistics are currently unavailable, and information from the involved combatants are possibly politically biased and partly speculative. However, 600 deaths and 2,000 injured due to UXO in 2014 and 2015 alone have been

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Weeks right after the Gulf, hospitals in Kuwait reported that mines did not appear to be a major cause of injury. Six weeks after the Iraqi retreat, at Ahmadi Hospital, in an area thick with cluster bombs and Iraqi mines, the only injury was a hospital employee who had picked up an anti-personnel

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While many mines were placed with the sole intent to harm humans, some were placed with the intent to protect an area. Many sacred temples were surrounded by land mines to protect them from looting, which used to be a major problem. The CMAC (Cambodia Mine Action Center) has cleared many of these

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Major contamination of Mali with UXO stems from the resurgence of conflict in 2012 Mali. Mines and IED's were laid more heavily in the north of the country. The situation deteriorated in 2019; however, the extent of the contamination is unknown, as there has been no clear mapping of the country's

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The presence of UXO is an ongoing task. Areas that have been subjected to aircraft bombs and artillery shells or were known battle grounds are mapped. The reconnaissance photos of the allies taken after airstrikes may show UXO and are still used to this day for location. In mapped areas New road

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Many weapons, including aerial bombs in particular, are discovered during construction work, after lying undetected for decades. Having failed to explode while resting undiscovered is no guarantee that a bomb will not explode when disturbed. Such discoveries are common in heavily bombed cities,

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While unlike many countries in Europe and Asia, the United States has not been subjected to significant aerial bombardment, according to the Department of Defense, "millions of acres" of US territory may contain UXO, Discarded Military Munitions (DMM) and Munitions Constituents (e.g., explosive

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reported receiving an electronic tablet with information on it stating Wagner operators role in laying mines. Deminers in Tripoli reported finding documents in Russian in rooms that they were demining. On May 24, 2022, the Human Rights Watch wrote to the Russian foreign minister, asking them to

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discs holding back a spring-loaded trigger that would strike a detonator when the discs degraded sufficiently after some minutes or hours. These bombs, when striking soft earth at an angle, often ended their trajectory not pointing downwards, so that the acetone did not drip onto and weaken the

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Where there is known to be much unexploded ordnance, in cases of unexploded subsoil ordnance a remote investigation is done by visual interpretation of available historical aerial photographs. Modern techniques can combine geophysical and survey methods with modern electromagnetic and magnetic

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however, issued a partial survey report in 2009, concluding that the entire country is contaminated and more than 1.6 million Iraqis are affected by UXO. More than 1,730 km (670 square miles) in total are saturated with unexploded ordnance (including land mines). The south-east region and

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During the fighting in North Africa between Axis and Commonwealth forces, much of North Africa was heavily mined to prevent advances. During the conflict, in addition to the millions of mines that were placed, some of the millions of shells fired did not explode, and remain deadly to this day.

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There are numerous mines, bombs and other explosives left from the Persian Gulf war, which makes a simple U-turn on a dirt road a life-threatening maneuver, unless performed entirely in an area covered by fresh tire tracks. Risking walking or driving in unknown areas puts oneself in danger of

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In recent years, the ongoing jihadist insurgency led by Boko Haram has further complicated the situation. According to the Chadian government, Boko Haram and similar insurgent groups are likely responsible for laying additional mines. These groups are also known for scavenging explosives from

1927:, that was shelled by Union gunboats during the Civil War, a live shell was found embedded in the dining room ceiling. The ball was disarmed and is shown to visitors to the plantation. In late March 2008, a 20-kilogram (44 lb), 20-centimetre (8 in) mortar shell was uncovered at the 2946: 3186:

In January 2020, 14,000 residents in Dortmund were ordered to leave their homes, during the disposal of two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs dropped by American and British forces. On August 2, 2021, 3,000 residents had to evacuate a 300-metre (980 ft) radius of the discovery site of a

2950: 2949: 2945: 3119:, Frankfurt, 16,000 people were affected within a radius of 700 m (2,300 ft). In November 2018, 10,000 people had to be evacuated, in order to defuse an American unexploded bomb found in Cologne. In December 2018, a 250 kg (550 lb) World War II bomb was discovered in 3277:. The Polish Navy considered it a success because the divers were able to ultimately destroy the munition with zero casualties reported. The government reportedly took all necessary measures before they started to defuse the bomb, which included evacuating 750 residents from the site. 2951: 1281:. The exact cause is not known, but the Marines had been handing grenades they were collecting to each other, which is permitted but discouraged, and it is thought that a grenade may have exploded after being kicked or bumped, setting off hundreds of other grenades and shells. 3153:

On 14 April 2019, 600 people were evacuated when a bomb was discovered in Frankfurt's River Main. Divers with the city's fire service were participating in a routine training exercise when they found the 250 kg device. Later in April, thousands were evacuated in both

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around Tripoli escalated, with the LNA surrounding Tripoli in January 2020 and launching constant rocket and artillery attacks. Both sides were also reported to be using indiscriminate weapons dangerous to civilians banned by international law. Weapons such as drones from

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Buried and abandoned aerial and mortar bombs, artillery shells, and other unexploded ordnance from World War II have threatened communities across the islands of the South Pacific. As of 2014 the Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement in the U.S. Department of State's

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have all been negatively affected by UXOs, mostly land mines in hilly and mountainous regions. Due to the lack of awareness of these post-war landmines, civilian casualties have risen since the end of the wars. Many efforts made by peacekeeping forces in Bosnia such as

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site, transportation, and personnel to manually detect UXOs with metal detectors. Searching for UXOs is tedious work and often 100 holes are dug to every 1 UXO found. Other methods of finding UXOs include digital geophysics detection with land and airborne systems.

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projects such as road, rail, dam, or bridge building which require heavy machinery are prevented due to the risk of setting off UXO. These two factors in turn reduce road building and therefore prevent other more remote communities from industrializing themselves

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is expected to issue another tender later this month. This will request bids on a contract that will include taking 30,000 samples from oil lakes in Kuwait in order to better understand the nature of the pollution in the country's oil-contaminated deserts.

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that began around 1964, a large number of landmines were deployed in rural areas across Colombia. The landmines are homemade and were placed primarily during the last 25 years of the conflict, hindering rural development significantly. The rebel groups of

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in June 1979 was in great part due to civilian victims crossing over landmines placed along the border by Thai, Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge contingents. They were placed in the whole territory of the country. A common problem Cambodians faced with the

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and the six Central provinces of Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien and Quang Ngai. Particularly in these 6 central provinces, up to 2010, there were 22,760 victims of landmines and UXO, of which 10,529 died and 12,231 were injured.

1145:, sometimes many decades after they were used or discarded. When unwanted munitions are found, they are sometimes destroyed in controlled explosions, but accidental detonation of even very old explosives also occurs, sometimes with fatal results. A 2407:

and border states towards Russia, is severely affected by UXO, in particular land mines. Not only are civilians killed and maimed regularly, it also impedes economic growth and development by restricting the use of natural resources and farmland.

3221:, following the discovery of a 450-kilogram (990 lb) unexploded bomb. On April 26, 2024, authorities defused a 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) unexploded American bomb that had been discovered two days earlier at a university expansion site in 3217:, Dortmund to leave their homes, with a 250 m (820 ft) radius from the discovery site of a 250-kilogram (550 lb) unexploded ordnance. A month later, on November 10, a 500-metre (1,600 ft) security perimeter was established in 1788:

documents released in late 2002, UXO at 16,000 domestic inactive military ranges within the United States pose an "imminent and substantial" public health risk and could require the largest environmental cleanup ever, at a cost of at least US$

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Unexploded ordnance from at least as far back as the mid-19th century still poses a hazard worldwide, both in current and former combat areas and on military firing ranges. A major problem with unexploded ordnance is that over the years the

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and Challe lines, on the eastern and western sides of the country. In 2007, France officially handed over maps to Algerian authorities showing the locations of minefields. The lack of these had severely hampered Algerian demining efforts.

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Although the country was declared mine free in 2018, Mauritania reported the discovery of previously unknown mined areas. As of 2023, an estimated 11.52 square kilometres (4.45 sq mi) of Mauritania was contaminated with mines.

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Aid distribution must be done in a timely manner, and in contaminated countries, significant time and resources are spent to find new routes. If none can be found, aid workers find themselves at increased levels of risk to provide aid.

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is located, holds the largest amounts. After Afghanistan, Colombia has the second-highest number of landmine casualties, with more than 11,500 people killed or injured by landmines since 1990, according to Colombian government figures.

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River after a prolonged drought. It caused the evacuation of 45,000 people from the city. While most cases only make local news, one of the more spectacular finds in was an American 230-kilogram (500 lb) aerial bomb discovered in

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Reporting and monitoring is lacking in Iraq and no completely reliable survey and overview of the local threat levels exists. Useful statistics on injuries and deaths caused by UXO are also missing; only singular local reports exist.

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With hostilities breaking out again in 2014, there were reports of both landmines and IED's being laid by opposition groups, largely in urban areas. This complicated clearance operation as these areas are often densely populated.

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buried approximately 7 metres (23 ft) below the ground. German EOD experts were notified and attended the scene. Whilst residents living nearby were being evacuated and the EOD personnel were preparing to disarm the bomb, it

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had a Bomb Disposal Section which cleared about 7,300 unexploded bombs between 1940 and 1942. UXO is still being found intermittently in Malta as of the early 21st century, and the Explosive Ordnance Disposal unit of the

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were evacuated from their homes prior to the detonation of a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) World War II bomb; the ensuing blast blew out windows and caused structural damage to nearby homes, leaving some uninhabitable.

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and Ukraine. Unexploded ordnance was disposed in the baltic sea and the north sea after WWII in large quantities to a smaller extend in lakes and rivers, and still represents a threat to fishers and marine wild life.

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In Vietnam, 800,000 tons of landmines and unexploded ordnance is buried in the land and mountains. From 1975 to 2015, up to 100,000 people have been injured or killed by bombs left over from the second Indochina war.

2026:, resulting in the airport being closed and all flights cancelled. The airport reopened the next day after the bomb was safely contained, but closed again on 14 November while the bomb was defused and safely removed. 8134: 4134: 3512: 3544:

an explosive ordnance disposal training program was established which safely disposed of hundreds of items of UXO. It trained police personnel to respond to EOD call-outs in the island's highly populated areas. On

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regions has contributed new UXO to the regions, with some insurgencies spreading to Niger. IED's have seen increased use, some victim activated and so indiscriminate. Many of the mines used by insurgencies such as

3504:. This prompted one of the largest evacuations in the UK since World War II, with more than 10,000 people evacuated. On 24 February, the bomb was taken out to sea and detonated, and the cordon in the area lifted. 1713:

in Ontario, which was given with the understanding that the land would be given back at the end of the war. These lands have required and still need extensive clean-up efforts due to the possible presence of UXO.

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have a failure rate of about 40%, which is much higher compared to other weapons. For this reason, hundreds of thousands of bomblets still litter the Israeli countryside, killing and maiming people every year.

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in 2009, over 1,600,000 landmines were left in the country. Since 2009 over 270,000 landmines have been safely destroyed and 280,000 people have been able to return to their homes. Following the signing of the

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efforts. The program intends to rid Colombia of landmines and other UXO by 2021 and it has been funded with nearly US$ 112 million, including US$ 33 million from the US (as part of the larger US foreign policy

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slowing development efforts. De-mining is a priority in the country to open up more land for agriculture purposes, oil drilling and mining, however Egypt stresses its need to use mines to protect its borders.

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detectors. This provides digital mapping of UXO contamination with the aim to better target subsequent excavations, reducing the cost of digging on every metallic contact and speeding the clearance process.

6817: 4215: 1464:, regions which have seen repeated conflict. A study in 2004 found that landmines and UXO affected an estimated 1.5 million people. Between 2000 and 2004, they caused 588 fatalities and 1,300 injuries. 3676:

There are a variety of effects unexploded ordnance contamination has on post-conflict societies other than physical harm from detonation. Segments of society which are also negatively affected include

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Prior to the resumption of hostilities in November 2020, both the UN and the Moroccan army claimed to have destroyed tens of thousands of land mines, and cleared hundreds of square kilometres of land.

5231: 1261:) which had not operated as designed, but had become highly unstable after over 65 years underground. The type of delayed-action fuze in the Göttingen bomb was commonly used: a glass vial containing 5447: 2947: 6005: 1171:

In addition to the obvious danger of explosion, buried UXO can cause environmental contamination. In some heavily used military training areas, munitions-related chemicals such as explosives and

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has confirmed 62 locations as legacy sites, with a further 774 sites in assessment. There has been controversy because some lands appropriated by the military during World War II were owned by

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In Belgium, Dovo, the country's bomb disposal unit, recovers between 150 and 200 tons of unexploded bombs each year. Over 20 members of the unit have been killed since it was formed in 1919.

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and prompted the evacuation of 54,000 people on December 25, which was considered the biggest bomb-related evacuation in Germany's post-war history at the time. In May 2017, 50,000 people in

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The inhibition of necessary resources correlates with decreases in education. Injuries experienced by older members of the community take children away from classrooms to support a family's

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and Israeli rates of fire greatly increased. It is estimated that 90% cluster bombs used during the war were used in this time. Large areas were affected. It is thought that the Israeli

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Although professional EOD personnel have expert knowledge, skills and equipment, they are not immune to misfortune because of the inherent dangers: in June 2010, construction workers in

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Libya was first contaminated with UXO in World War II, in areas such as Tobruk, where heavy fighting took place. The contamination from World War II is largely unexploded ordnance and

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is an unexploded projectile fired in contempt against an enemy, but which has failed to explode. A projectile not fired in anger but which has failed to explode is called a 'blind'.

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The total amount of aid which can be delivered decreases in contaminated areas due to a lower frequency of deliveries and transportation vessels needing to be in smaller volumes.

977: 7271: 6701:"Flooding South Lebanon: Israel's Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon in July and August 2006: The Impact of Israel's Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon in July and August 2006" 5582: 3325:, both Russia and Ukraine have extensively used mines. As of the 22 July 2023, it is estimated that an area of 174,000 km (67,000 sq mi) of Ukraine are mined. The 1212:

at random places in the shell. Sometimes components of the original explosives, in the presence of moisture, can form new explosive compounds with the metals in the shells like

5636: 4545: 7065: 5879: 1561:, while fighting against the Polisario front over the region. UXO is largely concentrated in the north of the country, around urban centres, where heavy fighting took place. 3629:

requires that when active hostilities have ended the parties must clear the areas under their control from "explosive remnants of war". Land mines are covered similarly by

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can often be transported safely to a site where they can be destroyed; failing that, they must be detonated in place—sometimes requiring hundreds of homes to be evacuated.

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rocket launch points after they were detected by radar. Civilian casualties were reasonably low at this time, as many civilians had fled or were sheltering in basement.

2584:, there are some signs that warn people to keep distance from the broad and gleaming beaches, for example. Although, even the experts still have trouble. According to a 8404: 8317: 7591: 5935: 1540:

review their findings connecting the Wagner group laying mines in Tripoli, and clarify the contractors role in the conflict. The Russian authorities did not respond.

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UXO presence reduces farming communities’ ability to use industrial machinery due to higher likelihood of triggering a buried munition. AS well as this, large scale

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At present, all 63 provinces and cities are contaminated with UXO and landmines. However, it is possible to prioritize demining for the Northern border provinces of

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are all affected by this issue, with civilians being injured and killed every year. UXO also slows progress, with areas having to be demined before being developed.

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divers discovered a six-ton "Tallboy" British bomb. During the attempt to remotely neutralise the bomb, it exploded in a shipping canal off the Polish port city of

1987:, where over 200,000 tons of ordnance were dropped during the final year of World War II. From 1945 until the end of the U.S. occupation of the island in 1972, the 7751: 2046:

the JGSDF in November, resulting in the evacuation of 3,000 households nearby and causing several trains to be halted for an hour while the UXO was being defused.

1919:

troops fired an estimated 1.5 million artillery shells at each other from 1861 to 1865. As many as one in five did not explode. In 1973, during the restoration of

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On September 26, 2019, Invicta Valley Primary School in Kings Hill was reportedly evacuated after an unexploded World War II bomb was discovered in its vicinity.

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still hunt for poisonous, volatile, and/or explosive munitions and recover about 900 tons every year. The most feared are corroded artillery shells containing

7796: 3831: 1808:, decades of artillery training have contaminated the only drinking water for thousands of surrounding residents. A costly UXO recovery effort is under way. 3225:. The discovery prompted the evacuation of residents within a radius of 500 to 1,000 metres (1,600 to 3,300 ft), affecting approximately 3,500 people. 7613: 5444: 5239: 4889: 4078: 5968:[Removal of UXO in Kurume (Fukuoka Prefecture) conducted under strict supervision] (in Japanese). nishinippon.co.jp. 15 April 2014. Archived from 7781: 3709:

to rural or remote communities. Infrastructure for transportation is either impossible to develop, or preexisting infrastructure is difficult to demine.

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celluloid; but over many years the discs degraded until the trigger was released and the bomb detonated spontaneously, or when weakened by being jarred.

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continues to be a hazard, with poisonous gas filled munitions still a problem. Also, UXO does not always originate from conflict; areas such as military

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The Federal Civil Protection Administration (FUCZ) team deactivated and destroyed four World War II bombs found at a construction site in the centre of

2734:. Moreover, explosives are still being recovered from lakes, rivers and mountains dating back to World War I on the frontier between Austria and Italy. 3039:

and causing structural damage to several homes despite precautions to minimize damage. In February 2015, a British unexploded bomb was discovered near

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in Washington, D.C. CWS troops at the station routinely fired incendiary and chemical projectiles into a nearby undeveloped area that became known as "

1681:, (RSF), a paramilitary organisation. The SAF alleges that the RSF has laid mines, but as of April 2024 no evidence has emerged to support that claim. 1597:. All along the length of the wall (on the Eastern side) runs a minefield, sometimes claimed to be the world's longest continual minefield. During the 2590:

article: Several Saudi soldiers involved in mine clearing have been killed or wounded. Two were hurt while demonstrating mine clearing for reporters.

5443:"EPA orders extensive cleanup of Mass. military reservation on Cape Cod," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency press release, 7 January 2000. See: 2743: 8036: 7963: 6229: 5848: 5613: 3134:, which caused property damage of shattering windows and the evacuation of 9,000 people. In February 2019, an American unexploded bomb was found in 3630: 8008: 6484:"Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program (KERP): Bioremediation in South East Kuwait – Continuing Education for Science & Engineering (CESE)" 3949: 2994:

An estimated 5,500 UXOs from World War II are still uncovered each year in Germany, an average of 15 per day. Concentration is especially high in

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Bomb crater left after an approximately 450-kilogram (1,000 lb) US Air Force UXO exploded without warning in southern Laos in the year 2000.

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US Dept. of Defense, Office of the Deputy Undersecretary of Defense, Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP), 230pp (16 MB) April 2007

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by both sides, requiring further demining efforts. However these mining operations were not on nearly as large a scale as French operations.

7331: 7303: 3863: 5797: 2610: 1793:. Some individual ranges cover 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi), and, taken together, the ranges comprise an area the size of 1759:

and in August 2016, the US and Norway initiated an international five-year demining program, now supported by another 24 countries and the

6483: 4108: 3889: 10096: 7471: 1065: 753: 8666: 5983: 5910: 7253: 6869: 5344: 3626: 8088: 5644: 1857: 17: 8614: 7766: 6255: 5887: 3088:

after the initial attempts of deactivation failed, and caused a small explosion. On 3 July 2018, a 250 kg bomb was disabled in

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on 28 August 2012. As it was deemed too unsafe for transport, it had to be exploded on site, shattering windows over a wide area of

1772:) and US$ 20 million from Norway. Experts however, have estimated that it will take at least a decade due to the difficult terrain. 8805:

Ounmany, Kiengkay (2021). "Impacts of Unexploded Ordnance Clearance on Wet Rice Farming in Xieng Khouang Province, Northern Laos".

8669:. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. Archived from 6285: 5503: 2177:

which, apart from Vietnam, also included neighbouring Cambodia and Laos, but other conflicts and civil wars have also contributed.

8063: 5965: 2018:

On 29 October 2012, an unexploded 250-kilogram (550 lb) US bomb with a functioning detonator was discovered near a runway at

1383:

Algeria has been contaminated with large numbers of mines and UXO throughout several wars, starting from World War II. During the

10335: 7435: 7381: 5698: 3454:

which led to 1,000 houses being evacuated. In September 2016, a 500 kg (1,100 lb) bomb was discovered on the seabed in

3394: 2391: 1702: 5823: 2308:, over half a million American bombing missions dropped more than 2 million tons of ordnance on Laos, most of it anti-personnel 7345: 5824:"The WWII Tokyo firebombing was the deadliest air raid in history, with a death toll exceeding those of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 4595: 4290: 3500:

On 20 February 2024, a 500 kg (1,100 lb) bomb from World War II was found in the garden of a residential property in

2824:

in order to contain these landmines have been met with some difficulty. Despite this, some areas have been completely cleared.

1819:'s efforts to commercialize former munitions testing grounds are complicated by UXO, making investments and development risky. 1728: 7831: 7289: 4737: 3474:

to cancel all the scheduled flights. In February 2019, a 76 mm (3 in) explosive device was located and destroyed in

10378: 9123: 8529: 4491: 3622: 1663: 972: 8506: 5943: 5470: 4842: 3207: 2023: 10500: 9666: 9478: 7529: 5772: 5486: 3522: 3432: 2707: 2497:

The government of Kuwait has launched the Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program, a set of deals of the scale of US$ 2.9

246: 7566: 7489: 6795: 3084:, which caused the evacuation of more than 26,000 people. On 24 May 2018, a 250 kg (550 lb) bomb was defused in 2849:

region of France, large-scale citizen evacuations were necessary during MEC removal operations in 2001. In the forests of

1975: 9631: 9524: 9194: 2991:

projects, demolition, new land developments require clearing with metal detectors by the authorities to get the permits.

1732: 373: 293: 7937: 7134: 6752: 6545: 6359: 6026: 4966: 4916: 4570: 4342: 2071:

In December 2019, 100 buildings were evacuated to remove a 500-pound (230 kg) World War II bomb found on Okinawa's

10396: 10373: 9552: 9212: 5262: 4237: 3734:

Munitions which are left over a long period of time degrade and eventually poison the soil or groundwater around them.

1332: 1165: 967: 881: 323: 5175: 5020: 4659: 4038: 3194:

On October 29, 2021, a five-year-old boy discovered a British hand grenade from World War II on the playground of his

10438: 10185: 10071: 9565: 9560: 9146: 8282:"Huge unexploded WW2 bomb discovered buried deep at building site in affluent London suburb popular with celebrities" 7712: 3932: 1601:, the Moroccan army used cluster munitions, unexploded bomblets still kill and maim uneducated citizens to this day. 823: 728: 8552: 8485:"The Pacific Islands: U.S. Conventional Weapons Destruction Programs Reduce Threats from World War II-era Munitions" 8281: 6601: 5290: 2473:

Baghdad are the most heavily contaminated areas and UNDP has designated around 4,000 communities as "hazard areas".

1569:

camels. It is also difficult to precisely mark mines, due to the fact that dunes can rapidly change their location.

10365: 8901:"Land Cover Changes Induced by Demining Operations in Halgurd-Sakran National Park in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq" 8641:"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Environmental Security Technology Certification Program" 3838: 3393:

to store ammunition and for training. According to the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (

1826:, Louisiana is also covered in UXO from the naval bombardment, and caution would be taken when visiting the ruins. 7806: 7006: 10111: 9848: 9238: 8113: 4890:"Mauritania declares itself landmine free nearly two decades after mine clearance began - Mauritania | ReliefWeb" 3525:

invested more than $ 5.6 million in support of conventional weapons destruction programs in the Pacific Islands.

2711: 2519: 2453: 2445: 2042: 1928: 1868:

from 1917 through the 1950s. The 13.26-square-kilometre (3,276-acre) former bombing range was transferred to the

1816: 1670: 1617:

2023, Niger reported that there were just under 0.2 km of contaminated areas near the Madama military base.

1306:, carrying a much smaller load of explosives, exploded in 1967, it produced an earth tremor measuring 4.5 on the 1058: 768: 531: 113: 6627: 6201: 5471:

Advanced Classification at Joint Base Cape Cod (JBCC): UXO removal in the Central Impact Area (11 February 2015)

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Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, 150pp (4.5MB) December 2003

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Regarding specifically the removal of bombs, it is estimated to have a budget in the region of US$ 20 million.

2007:, were targeted by several massive air raids during World War II, which left behind numerous UXOs. Shells from 10446: 10421: 9726: 4687: 3238: 2730:

Unexploded ordnance from World War II in Austria is blown up twice a year in the military training area near

2380:"The National Action Plan for the Prevention and Fighting of Unexploded Ordnance and Mines from 2010 to 2025" 1916: 1690: 1535:

said that the Wagner Group and other militias left behind 'enormous' amounts of ordnance. In August 2021 the

1003: 453: 83: 7108: 3165:

On 23 June 2019, a World War II aerial bomb that was buried 4 metres (13 ft) underground in a field in

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who, with international support retained the UN seat throughout much of the 1980s) which clashed during the

1265:

was smashed after the bomb was released; the acetone was intended, as it dripped downwards, to disintegrate

9897: 9646: 9626: 9378: 7417: 7399: 6388: 5205: 4941: 2987:. Germany's bomb squads are considered some of the busiest worldwide, deactivating a bomb every two weeks. 1869: 1812: 1655: 1625: 1594: 1441: 1216:

that can leave a shell highly explosive even when it is defused and the detonator is destroyed or removed.

541: 393: 368: 163: 6052: 5628: 5410: 4756: 4466: 4440: 4414: 3603: 2768: 2682: 2339: 2173:

specifically – are contaminated with unexploded ordnance. Most of the UXOs of today are remnants from the

2125: 10002: 9656: 9111: 8848:

Jaff, Dilshad (2022). "Landmines and unexploded ordnances: the silent killers that take innocent lives".

7985: 6457: 6233: 5856: 3322: 3096:

had to be evacuated, in order to detonate a 500 kg (1,100 lb) bomb dropped by American forces.

3092:

which caused 10,000 people to be evacuated from the region. In August 2018, 18,500 people in the city of

3070: 2629: 2614: 1842:, and construction had to be halted. Other areas nearby are also affected; for example boaters avoid the 1234: 652: 403: 7635: 3293:

in Spain. In the 2010s, around 1,000 bombs, artillery shells and grenades have been defused every year.

1979:

An unexploded bomb from World War II being loaded onto a truck in Tokyo after it was defused during 2019

1175:(a component of pyrotechnics and rocket fuel) may enter soil and groundwater, thereby contaminating the 10495: 10490: 10430: 10330: 10253: 9661: 9491: 9321: 6672: 6363: 5720: 4520: 3957: 3564:, World War II-era unexploded ordnance is still often found and detonated under controlled conditions. 1912: 1874: 1701:"legacy sites" program created in 2005 to identify areas and quantify risk due to UXO. As of 2019, the 1445: 1348: 1051: 408: 258: 8217: 5097: 10133: 10091: 10053: 9618: 9412: 6077: 4688:"German Mine Fields in Libya, WWII Tactical and Technical Trends, No. 1, June 18, 1942 (Lone Sentry)" 3754: 3677: 3568: 1988: 1877:(USACE), the cleanup of the UXO on the island could take years and cost tens of millions of dollars. 1651: 783: 748: 708: 361: 328: 178: 5366: 4160: 3301:

Ukraine is contaminated with UXO from World War II, former Soviet military training and the current

10128: 9651: 9592: 9503: 8405:"Unexploded bomb in Plymouth safely removed during complex disposal operation and major evacuation" 7870: 5147: 5122: 4766: 4712: 3924: 3919:

Cleanup of Chemical and Explosive Munitions: Location, Identification and Environmental Remediation

3343: 2651: 1889: 1851: 778: 398: 333: 270: 6338:"Chương trình hành động quốc gia khắc phục hậu quả bom, mìn sau chiến tranh giai đoạn 2010 - 2025" 4864: 2033:

shell measuring 40 centimetres (16 in) long was discovered at a construction site in Tokyo's

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was in power in Libya, mines were placed around military facilities and other key infrastructure.

10340: 10106: 9636: 9187: 7453: 4792:"Libya's relentless militia war: Civilians harmed in the battle for Tripoli, April - August 2019" 3867: 3743: 3447: 2617:, the 75 mile long demarcation line drawn up by the UN to mark the withdrawal of Israeli forces. 1805: 1752: 1736: 1706: 1495: 1480: 1307: 808: 763: 383: 8640: 6006:"More than 100 buildings to be evacuated on Okinawa's Camp Kinser to remove 500 pound WWII bomb" 1299:, which still contains 1,400 tons of explosives. When the deeper World War II wreck of the 1195: 10299: 9689: 8191: 5389:"FACT SHEET: Peace Colombia -- A New Era of Partnership between the United States and Colombia" 4367: 4265:"There Are Still Thousands of Tons of Unexploded Bombs in Germany, Left Over From World War II" 3412: 2218:

of unexploded ordnance in Cambodia. Some estimates, however, run as high as ten million mines.

2187: 2012: 2008: 1865: 1790: 1484: 946: 433: 8210:"Unexploded ordnance (UXO) A guide for the construction industry (C681) – description of book" 6945:"Eurostar trains cancelled as French police detonate Second World War bomb dropped by the RAF" 6658: 3664:

probes can detect UXO and provide geotechnical data before drilling or piling is carried out.

2869:. French and Flemish farmers still find many UXOs when ploughing their fields, the so-called " 1531:

which was operating in the area also reportedly left munitions and mines in southern Tripoli.

10269: 10101: 9977: 9885: 9575: 9468: 9268: 8711:"The farmer's battlefield: traditional ecological knowledge and unexploded bombs in Cambodia" 8670: 8618: 8484: 7801: 5548: 3254: 3247: 3234: 3218: 3171: 2747: 2643:

used large amounts of cluster weapons. For the majority of the war, they were used to target

2640: 2501:

to promote, among other initiatives, the clearance of unexploded ordnance remaining from the

2457: 2448:(2014–2017). The UXO in Iraq poses a particularly serious threat to civilians as millions of 1949: 1674: 1659: 1630: 1285: 916: 758: 624: 536: 233: 8164: 6997: 6148: 6102: 3916: 3757:

from more developed nations is discouraged due to difficulty in clearing contaminated areas

2236:

The Chinese-made landmines in Cambodia were placed by the Cambodian factions (including the

1241: 10076: 9731: 9427: 8963: 5969: 5525: 5465: 4791: 3979: 3795: 3537: 3409: 3390: 3006:

are uncovered each year. One of the largest individual pieces ever found was an unexploded

2880: 2809: 2253: 2149: 1740: 1678: 1507: 1284:

A dramatic example of munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) threat is the wreck of the

1258: 458: 191: 8379: 8299: 2620:

In 2014, fighting from the Syrian civil war spilled over into Lebanon when members of the

2304:

is considered the world's most heavily bombed nation per capita. During the period of the

8: 10143: 10081: 9987: 9919: 9784: 9779: 9757: 9331: 6263: 4210: 3917: 3890:"The Effects of Land Mines on Development and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Mozambique" 3800: 3471: 3428: 3302: 3166: 2879:

In February 2019, a 450 kg (1,000 lb) bomb was found at a construction site at

2395: 2266: 2257: 1893: 1843: 1801: 1582: 793: 738: 629: 556: 506: 501: 486: 143: 8967: 8239: 7738:"Blindgänger in Huckarde entschärft - zehn Anwohner*innen und Gewerbebetriebe betroffen" 6921: 6293: 4596:"Eritrea/Ethiopia: Remembering the innocent victims of landmines - Ethiopia | ReliefWeb" 4161:"Routine Disposal Goes Wrong: Three Killed in Explosion of World War II Bomb in Germany" 3115:

were dumped. In October 2018, a World War II bomb was found during construction work in

1164:

used increasingly as weapons of terror, specifically against local populations, such as

10456: 10417: 10350: 10325: 10320: 10138: 10015: 9809: 9681: 9445: 9316: 9243: 9180: 9048: 8881: 8830: 8787: 8738: 7029: 6179: 4185: 2999: 2796: 2606: 2569: 2512: 2058: 2038: 1984: 1932: 1924: 1908: 1861: 1723: 1598: 1558: 1532: 1396: 1277:

were killed by an explosion whilst clearing unexploded ordnance from a firing range at

1118: 1027: 788: 664: 426: 208: 148: 118: 65: 6574: 6127: 3774:, a 2006 documentary film about the effects of unexploded ordnance on Cambodian people 3557:

removal of UXO has allowed for population expansion into formerly inaccessible areas.

3120: 2269:

is that even those who placed the mines didn't have maps or memory of their location.

1952:, an unexploded aerial bomb, found at a home off Warner Road, was safely detonated by 10345: 10205: 10025: 9934: 9902: 9819: 9772: 9699: 9671: 9440: 9435: 9233: 9142: 9135: 9119: 9089: 9052: 9040: 8999: 8991: 8932: 8885: 8873: 8865: 8834: 8822: 8791: 8779: 8742: 8730: 8455: 8429: 8335: 6700: 6646: 6517: 3928: 3785: 3681: 3533: 3286: 3251: 3175: 3054:

On December 20, 2016, another 1,800 kg RAF bomb was found in the city centre of

3040: 3022:

In 2011, a 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) RAF bomb from World War II was uncovered in

2960: 2433: 1581:

The contamination of Moroccan territory is a consequence of the conflict between the

1473: 676: 599: 592: 546: 413: 203: 198: 108: 31: 9068:"Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam" 8976: 8951: 8758:"Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam" 5071: 4388: 3727:

procedures destroy topsoil. This causes increased erosion and eliminates swathes of

3257:

which likely fell off a British warship during the war was discovered on a beach in

3146:. In April 2019, a World War II bomb was found near the U.S. military facilities in 2049:

On 13 April 2014, the JGSDF defused an unexploded 250-kilogram (550 lb) US oil

1935:. The explosion sent a chunk of shrapnel crashing into a house four hundred metres ( 10289: 10190: 10148: 10116: 10010: 9964: 9924: 9831: 9799: 9767: 9752: 9736: 9711: 9496: 9450: 9079: 9030: 8981: 8971: 8922: 8912: 8857: 8814: 8769: 8722: 8114:"British textbook of Explosives (Technical reference book, not Instruction manual)" 7090: 3706: 3554: 3501: 3459: 3274: 3199: 3066: 3003: 2984: 2916: 2911: 2862: 2850: 2817: 2655: 2636: 2261: 1897: 1881: 1839: 1524:

estimated that Libya was contaminated by up to 20 million mines and pieces of UXO.

1134: 1110: 936: 833: 773: 659: 612: 561: 521: 496: 481: 463: 438: 378: 263: 213: 8861: 8684: 5798:"Japanese soldiers defuse, remove 2,000-pound US-made bomb from construction site" 5511: 10153: 10063: 10029: 9914: 9868: 9794: 9721: 9641: 9544: 9486: 9341: 8952:"Analysis of samples of high explosives extracted from explosive remnants of war" 7895: 7507: 7317: 7200: 7148: 6970: 6844:"FUCZ Team destroyed Four World War II Bombs found in Centre of Sarajevo (video)" 5490: 5451: 5232:"Backgrounder | DND Unexploded Explosive Ordnance (UXO) and Legacy Sites Program" 4994: 4816: 3766: 3541: 3424: 3405: 3242: 2920: 2892: 2628:, after one of their leaders was arrested. Fighting ensued for several days, and 2050: 1953: 1823: 1586: 1488: 1328: 721: 681: 551: 516: 448: 388: 316: 253: 153: 5483: 1846:, which contains UXO thought to be left from live bombing runs performed during 10485: 10466: 10200: 10086: 10043: 10037: 10033: 9878: 9863: 9814: 9804: 9716: 9570: 9326: 9297: 8726: 8596: 8064:"The Military Value and Human Security Implications of Landmine use in Ukraine" 7850: 7826: 7713:"Four injured as old bomb explodes near train station in German city of Munich" 7614:"15,000 People Were Evacuated in Hanover Because of a World War II Aerial Bomb" 3693: 3550: 3529: 3451: 3314: 3310: 3007: 2621: 2586: 2221: 2206: 2166: 2019: 1760: 1710: 1590: 1521: 1278: 1039: 843: 743: 698: 691: 686: 443: 138: 5206:"Under Fathoms of Salt Water:" Canada's Ammunition Dumping Program, 1944-1947" 4843:"Libya: Russia's Wagner Group Set Landmines Near Tripoli | Human Rights Watch" 3099:

In Summer 2018, high temperatures caused a decrease in the water level of the

2382:

has been prepared and promulgated by the Vietnamese Government in April 2010.

2281: 1662:

from Britain. In 2005, a peace agreement between the rebel forces (mainly the

1487:, and it is also believed that the border with Tunisia is contaminated. While 10479: 10451: 10220: 10121: 9907: 9836: 9608: 9356: 9220: 9093: 9044: 8995: 8936: 8869: 8826: 8818: 8783: 8734: 8710: 7650:"Dortmund: Bomben-Entschärfung startete wohl wegen Klingel-Problem verspätet" 6521: 5045: 3647: 3466:. In February 2018, a 500 kg (1,100 lb) bomb was discovered in the 3290: 3116: 3108: 2980: 2936: 2788: 2309: 2154: 2030: 1769: 1461: 1457: 1230: 1209: 1184: 1157: 1022: 858: 348: 343: 338: 96: 9084: 9067: 8774: 8597:"Solomon Islands: Men working for WW2 bomb clearing agency die in explosion" 5606:"1918: Army creates 'Hell Fire Battalion' to test deadly weapons at Camp AU" 3051:

in order to be safe while a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bomb was defused.

2891:

trains to Paris and evacuation of 2,000 people, was probably dropped by the

1811:

UXO on US military bases has caused problems for transferring and restoring

1291:, sunk in shallow water about 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) from the town of 10241: 10215: 10195: 10019: 9982: 9946: 9582: 9529: 9405: 9361: 9346: 9275: 9035: 9018: 9003: 8877: 7332:"10,000 residents evacuated from central Potsdam after WWII bomb discovery" 7304:"Germany: World War II bomb removal forces mass evacuation in western city" 7254:"Evakuierung in Frankfurt: Das macht die 'Blockbuster'-Bombe so gefährlich" 6777: 6027:"Afghans live in peril among unexploded Nato bombs that litter countryside" 4624: 3661: 3561: 3462:, London. In May 2017, a 250 kg (550 lb) device was detonated in 3416: 3367: 3195: 3131: 3093: 2979:(KRD) ("Explosive Ordnance Disposal Service") and are commonly part of the 2924: 2884: 2870: 2821: 2650:

However, during the final 72 hours of this war, before the ceasefire, both

2449: 2400: 2098: 1960: 1920: 1847: 1639: 1528: 1437: 1384: 1343:

An EOD technician removing sand from a mortar shell during a demonstration.

1245: 1176: 1160:

can also hold significant numbers, even after the area has been abandoned.

891: 853: 838: 669: 634: 579: 298: 158: 38: 8037:"Ukraine is now the most mined country. It will take decades to make safe" 4009: 2083: 1635: 10178: 10173: 9858: 9853: 9824: 9789: 9762: 9292: 8986: 7363: 7034: 3771: 3728: 3576: 3575:, Solomon Islands, while clearing unexploded ordnance left over from the 3358:, especially on practice ranges, an unexploded shell is referred to as a 3347: 3306: 3270: 3188: 2866: 2731: 2581: 2416: 2404: 2305: 2245: 2241: 2174: 2072: 2034: 1901: 1885: 1511: 1453: 1388: 1200: 1172: 1153: 813: 511: 491: 128: 55: 8685:"Geophysical Classification for Munitions Response Fact Sheets (GCMR-1)" 7686:"Fünfjähriger Junge findet Handgranate auf Kita-Spielplatz in Oldenburg" 6870:"'Iron harvest:' A Belgian team unearths unexploded ammunition from WWI" 4079:"Two officials killed by unexploded ordnance at rubbish dump in Hasawna" 3591: 2756: 2671: 2328: 2114: 2064:

On 16 March 2015, a 2,000-pound (910 kg) bomb was found in central

1744: 1353: 1339: 1323: 50:

British and Belgian officers stand beside an unexploded German shell in

10355: 9972: 9287: 9280: 9263: 9248: 8917: 8900: 8009:"Ukraine's desperate attempt to defuse landmines – as more are planted" 7782:"World War II-Era Bomb Successfully Defused Near German Soccer Stadium" 7472:"250 kg World War II bomb found in Rostock causes city centre shutdown" 3805: 3778: 3546: 3475: 3463: 3455: 3420: 3386: 3326: 3258: 3241:

by Italian and German aircraft during World War II. During the war the

3155: 3100: 3062:

had to be evacuated in order to defuse three British unexploded bombs.

2840: 2613:, up to 400,000 anti-personnel and anti-tank mines were laid along the 2293: 2145: 1593:. The majority of the contamination is confined to the area around the 1449: 1274: 1180: 1142: 1130: 863: 619: 123: 8927: 8709:

Lin, Erin; Sprunger, Christine D.; Hwang, Jyhjong (1 September 2021).

8259:"Giant wartime bomb found in Portsmouth Harbour to be exploded at sea" 7896:"WW2 'earthquake' bomb explodes in Poland during attempt to defuse it" 4291:"2 relieved of command for blast that killed 4 Camp Pendleton Marines" 3458:

Harbour. In March 2017, a 230 kg (500 lb) bomb was found in

3446:

In May 2016, a 230 kg (500 lb) bomb was found at the former

2963:, each of which operates a bomb disposal unit. These are known as the 1983:

Thousands of tons of UXOs remain buried across Japan, particularly in

1911:

is still occasionally found and is still deadly over 150 years later.

1892:(CWS) opened a weapons research laboratory and production facility at 1838:

In December 2007, UXO was discovered in new development areas outside

10284: 10236: 10210: 10158: 9992: 9954: 9704: 9694: 9366: 9228: 9203: 7592:"16,000 evacuated as experts diffuse American WWII bomb in Frankfurt" 7272:"Bombenalarm in Frankfurt: Ganz Frankfurt dankt den Helden des Tages" 6318:(in Vietnamese). Vietnam Government Information Portal. 23 April 2010 5484:

Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Unexploded Ordnance

4761: 4759: 3436: 3404:

The burden of Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the UK is split between

3389:, that were heavily bombed during the Blitz, and to land used by the 3382: 3363: 3355: 3147: 3139: 3081: 3074: 3036: 3011: 2644: 2432:

Iraq is widely contaminated with unexploded remnants of war from the

2421: 2230: 2210: 2170: 1621: 1300: 1292: 1266: 1250: 1225: 1138: 1126: 931: 886: 848: 798: 733: 639: 103: 73: 9066:

Nguyen, Thuy Ngoc; Tran, Tuyen Quang; Vu, Huong Van (10 June 2022).

8756:

Nguyen, Thuy Ngoc; Tran, Tuyen Quang; Vu, Huong Van (10 June 2022).

3338: 46: 9929: 9873: 9534: 9383: 9351: 8757: 8456:"Suspected World War Two explosive device found in Plymouth garden" 8318:"London City Airport reopens after WW2 bomb towed away down Thames" 7227:"WW2 'blockbuster' bomb to force evacuation of 70,000 in Frankfurt" 4013: 3724: 3642: 3440: 3214: 3055: 3044: 2900: 2888: 2846: 2828: 2502: 2441: 2437: 2425: 2372: 2368: 2202: 2194: 2157:, Sri Lanka has committed to clearing all known landmines by 2028. 2000: 1764: 1536: 1296: 1244:

discovered an Allied 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) bomb dating from

303: 51: 7846:"Marsaxlokk unexploded device was a British anti-submarine mortar" 4738:"Libya: unexploded munitions pose major risk for civilians - ICRC" 4010:"Civil War Cannonball Explodes and Kills Virginia Relic Collector" 3782:, a 1979 British ITV television series set during the World War II 9890: 9393: 9371: 9258: 9253: 8355:"Primary school evacuated after discovery of unexploded WW2 bomb" 6510:"AFTER THE WAR; Mines and Old Bombs Are Still a Threat in Kuwait" 3656:

without a serious enough threat to warrant systematic searching.

3572: 3479: 3399:

Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) – a guide for the construction industry

3250:(AFM) is responsible for removing such ordnance. In July 2021, a 3159: 3143: 3104: 3089: 3085: 3059: 3048: 3023: 2932: 2800: 2792: 2718: 2602: 2498: 2272:

areas and put up signs stating their work in previous minefields.

2249: 2237: 2004: 1794: 1372: 1360: 1262: 1213: 1122: 8181:

A typical example of UXB evacuation, a 500lb bomb in Birmingham.

7664:"Kind findet Handgranate in Kita – und nimmt sie mit nach Hause" 7436:"Over 4,000 people affected by World War II bomb found in Essen" 5668:"What we know about the ongoing cleanup projects on AU property" 1208:

separate or migrate over time and leave contact explosives like

10294: 10274: 10168: 9843: 9336: 9162: 7767:"Unexploded WWII bomb to be defused near German soccer stadium" 5880:"Unexploded WWII bomb removed from Sendai Airport for disposal" 3571:

employees were killed in an explosion in a residential area of

3493: 3467: 3378: 3354:

UXO is standard terminology in the United Kingdom, although in

3203: 3127: 3112: 3032: 2995: 2804: 2609:, with both sides laying mines in the conflict. During several 2469: 2452:

munitions were dropped in towns and densely populated areas by

2286: 2054: 1756: 1516: 941: 921: 828: 818: 526: 7871:"World War II-Era 'Earthquake Bomb' Explodes in Polish Waters" 7454:"250 kg WWII aeriel [sic] bomb detonated in Nuremberg" 6965: 6963: 5746:"Unexploded aerial bomb detonated by Fort Wainwright soldiers" 5432:

Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol (MRSPP) Primer

3536:

UXO removal made the island safe for tourism. At Hell's Point

3047:. In May 2015, some 20,000 people had to leave their homes in 1763:. Both the Colombian military and FARC are taking part in the 10304: 10246: 9587: 9519: 9417: 9309: 8575:"Unexploded ordnance removed from site of sewer line project" 7346:"Hot weather exposes World War II munitions in German waters" 4817:"Wagner: Scale of Russian mercenary mission in Libya exposed" 3705:

Contaminated areas experience more difficulties in providing

3483: 3222: 3135: 3027: 2928: 2896: 2887:

in Paris. The bomb, which led to a temporary cancellation of

2625: 2486: 2226: 2214: 2065: 2061:, which required the evacuation of 740 people living nearby. 1992: 1613: 1565: 1424: 1368: 1364: 951: 896: 288: 9172: 8089:"Civilian casualties of mine-related incidents Ukraine 2023" 7382:"10,000 people affected by unexploded bomb found in Cologne" 7149:"Germany WW2 bomb find prompts Cologne's biggest evacuation" 6778:"Austria blows up tonnes of explosives from both world wars" 3439:

devices rather than unexploded ordnance and will often call

3377:

Most current UXO risk is limited to areas in cities, mainly

2895:

in April 1944, targeting the Nazi-occupied Paris before the

1864:, was heavily used as a bombing range by pilots from nearby 10279: 9400: 9388: 9304: 7988:. Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor. 14 November 2016 7752:"Bombenfund in Nordhausen - Räumungsarbeiten abgeschlossen" 7548:"WWII bomb forces evacuation, travel disruption in Cologne" 7174:

Augsburg, Reportage von Christian Endt (16 December 2017).

6960: 6411:

Overview of landmines and explosive remnants of war in Iraq

6120: 5637:"1919: Army operations leave behind toxic reminders of war" 5413:. Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor. 19 November 2018 2490: 2465: 2301: 1996: 1254: 1114: 926: 173: 168: 133: 8899:

Hamad, Rahel; Kolo, Kamal; Balzter, Heiko (11 July 2018).

7822:"Marsaxlokk beach evacuated after unexploded device found" 7530:"Bavaria: Thousands evacuated during WWII bomb detonation" 6360:"The devastating legacy of unexploded US ordnance in Iraq" 5575:"Bomb cleanup on Plum Tree Island refuge could take years" 4039:"WWII bomb defused in Ludwigshafen after 18,500 evacuated" 3285:

Since the 1980s, more than 750,000 pieces of UXO from the

1907:

Although comparatively rare, unexploded ordnance from the

7567:"WWII bomb self-detonates in German field, leaves crater" 7418:"WWII bomb detonated in Lower Saxony, shattering windows" 6575:"One careful step at a time through Lebanon's minefields" 4205:"Three dead as Second World War bomb explodes in Germany" 3790: 3126:

On 31 January 2019, a World War II bomb was detonated in

2959:

In Germany, the responsibility for UXO disposal falls to

2481: 1709:, such as 8 square kilometres (2,000 acres) that make up 1146: 8644: 7754:(in German). Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk. 10 November 2023. 7364:"16,000 people affected by WWII bomb found in Frankfurt" 5721:"Civil War cannon ball drops from tree near battlefield" 1880:

In 1917, in response to other nations' extensive use of

30:"UXO" redirects here. For the cancelled video game, see 7964:"Ukraine: The lasting impact of landmines on civilians" 7938:"Civil War bomb detonated at Spain's newest theme park" 7290:"World War Two bomb defusion causes Koblenz evacuation" 7109:"Munich police detonates second world war bomb – video" 4995:"Killed in Western Sahara by a bomb shaped like a ball" 3950:"Deputies blow up Civil War ordnance found in Farragut" 3811:

ZEUS-HLONS (HMMWV Laser Ordnance Neutralization System)

3142:. In March 2019, another 250 kg bomb was found in 88:

Dud shell lodged in a tree, Argonne Forest, World War I

8135:"Object reference not set to an instance of an object" 6436:"Landmines and Unexploded Ordnances Factsheet in Iraq" 5773:"More unexploded WWII ordnance disposed of on Okinawa" 5230:

Government of Canada, National Defence (25 May 2007).

3651:

A woman conducing manual demining in Sudan during 2010

3401:

to provide advice on assessing the risk posed by UXO.

3213:

On October 11, 2023, authorities ordered residents in

6922:"Behind the scenes with Belgium's bomb disposal unit" 3080:

On 8 April 2018, a 1,800 kg bomb was defused in

1354:

Effects of the North African campaign of World War II

9019:"Landmines and Poverty: IV Evidence from Mozambique" 8430:"Plymouth WW2 bomb found in garden detonated at sea" 7201:"Hannover evacuates 50,000 over World War Two bombs" 7091:"Koblenz evacuated for WWII bomb removal from Rhine" 6389:"Landmine clearance critical to boost Iraqi economy" 5229: 3289:(1936–1939) has been recovered and destroyed by the 2540:

Maritime & Underwater Security Contractors (UAE)

1735:

are usually blamed for having placed the mines. All

7490:"Wiesbaden WWII bomb removed after mass evacuation" 7032:[Blockbust in Koblenz: Killer in the Mud]. 6458:"Kuwait seeks contractor to clear unexploded bombs" 6316:"Góp sức khắc phục hậu quả bom mìn sau chiến tranh" 5855:. Associated Press. 30 October 2012. Archived from 5699:"Virginia Man Killed In Civil War Cannonball Blast" 5345:"Colombia Aims to Rid Country of Landmines by 2021" 5021:"Moroccan Wall: The Longest Minefield in The World" 4467:"Algeria: 8 million landmines destroyed since 2004" 4441:"Algeria: 8 million landmines destroyed since 2004" 4415:"Algeria: 8 million landmines destroyed since 2004" 4057:"Unexploded mortar shell kills Vietnamese children" 3443:teams in to deal with larger and historical bombs. 3309:harming civilians also exist. Ukraine reports that 1564:Following the urbanisation of 70% of the country's 1557:Mine and UXO contamination stems from Mauritania's 1387:, French forces laid up to 10 million mines on the 9134: 8257: 8240:"Bath WW2 bomb scare: Hundreds of homes evacuated" 6971:"Frankfurt WW2 bomb defused after mass evacuation" 6943: 6818:"Albanians stranded by landmines to restart lives" 6021: 6019: 5984:"Unexploded 1-Ton Bomb Found Near Osaka's Otaroad" 5771:Allen, David; Sumida, Chiyomi (13 December 2008). 4203: 1650:Sudan's mine contamination largely stems from its 8300:"WW2 bomb detonated safely near M6 in Birmingham" 7508:"World War Two bomb detonated in Frankfurt river" 6897:"'Iron harvest' still threatens European farmers" 6626:Correspondent, Josh Wood Foreign (11 June 2015). 6340:(in Vietnamese). Department of Defense of Vietnam 5911:"Tokyo trains halt while GSDF blows up old shell" 4262: 4109:"4 Afghan children killed by unexploded weaponry" 3346:prepares to dispose of an unexploded bomb during 3069:was discovered during construction work near the 2744:Land mine contamination in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1179:, likewise with preventing agrarian uses such as 1141:when they were employed and still pose a risk of 10477: 9023:Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 8898: 8708: 8690:. Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council 8530:"0 PC Lujan Elementary releasing students early" 7251: 6383: 6381: 3435:, although they generally focus on contemporary 2087:Clearing of explosives on a road in Afghanistan. 9168:US Department of Defense UXO Awareness web site 8336:"Essex beach closed over 'unexploded ordnance'" 6174: 6172: 6170: 6016: 3431:of London is the only force not to rely on the 2605:was initially contaminated by mines during its 1203:warning against leaving blinds on firing ranges 8521: 7059:"Der größte Blindgänger wird heute entschärft" 6224: 6222: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5504:"Construction Halted After Buried Bombs Found" 4915:El Hacen, AlIoune ould Mohamed (August 2006). 3103:in which grenades, mines and other explosives 2037:, close to the Kaminakazato Station on the JR 9188: 7135:"Unexploded bomb shuts down Dortmund stadium" 6673:"Country Reports on Terrorism 2014 - Lebanon" 6625: 6378: 5849:"Sendai airport closed after WWII bomb found" 5391:. Obama White House Archives. 4 February 2016 5314: 4158: 3187:250 kg (550 lb) unexploded bomb in 3162:, upon the discovery of unexploded ordnance. 2511:The companies that have been prequalified as 1059: 9065: 8755: 8567: 8544: 8499: 6167: 5437: 3749: 3492:In February 2021, thousands of residents of 3261:and it was successfully removed by the AFM. 2974: 2964: 1479:Libya was contaminated during its wars with 7318:"Dresden WW2 bomb defused after tense days" 6602:"Lebanon Is Still Littered With Land Mines" 6219: 5770: 5686: 5477: 4343:"Explosive Remnants of War in North Africa" 2029:In March 2013, an unexploded Imperial Army 9195: 9181: 8807:Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 8749: 7565:Gonzalez, Jenipher Camino (24 June 2019). 4465:Algiers, Othman Lahyani ــ (1 June 2023). 4439:Algiers, Othman Lahyani ــ (1 June 2023). 4413:Algiers, Othman Lahyani ــ (1 June 2023). 4314: 4288: 3627:Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons 2915:Disposal of a 4,000-pound (1,800 kg) 2555:Olive Mine Action (British Virgin Islands) 2520:Azerbaijan National Agency For Mine Action 1520:civilian casualties. In January 2020, the 1066: 1052: 82: 9083: 9034: 9016: 8985: 8975: 8926: 8916: 8773: 8487:. U.S. State Department. 17 December 2014 8380:"Aerial footage of Exeter bomb exploding" 8006: 7926:(in Spanish), ABC España, 19 October 2013 7740:(in German). Dotmund.de. 11 October 2023. 7030:"Luftmine bei Koblenz: Killer im Schlick" 6798:. Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor 4546:"Landmines and UXOs in Egypt | MineProbe" 4347:Explosive Remnants of War in North Africa 3832:"Children and Landmines: A Deadly Legacy" 1858:Plum Tree Island National Wildlife Refuge 8507:"Live ordnance to be detonated in Marpi" 8165:"Unexploded bomb shuts Aston Expressway" 7564: 7400:"250 kg WWII bomb found near Düsseldorf" 7176:"Weltkriegsbombe in Augsburg entschärft" 7173: 6894: 6820:. UNDP. 16 February 2016. Archived from 6724: 5877: 5466:Joint Base Cape Cod: Cleanup Update 2013 5291:"Camp Ipperwash returned after 50 years" 4914: 3914: 3719: 3671: 3646: 3511: 3370:an unexploded bomb was referred to as a 3337: 2942: 2910: 2480: 2415: 2292: 2280: 2220: 2193: 2082: 2041:. The shell was detonated in place by a 1974: 1452:. The most heavily affected regions are 1338: 1322: 1237:(EOD) professionals can render it safe. 1194: 45: 27:Explosives that have not fully detonated 10336:Pollutant release and transfer register 9132: 8804: 8479: 8477: 8061: 7794: 6599: 6308: 6128:"Ten Years Achievement and Perspective" 5510:. WKMG. 6 December 2007. Archived from 5369:. European Commission - FPI. March 2017 5260: 5203: 4571:"Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor" 4464: 4438: 4412: 4340: 3636: 3582: 2577:detonating those forgotten explosives. 2493:) in Northern Kuwait dating from 1991. 2456:, mostly in the first few weeks of the 2392:Land mine situation in Nagorno-Karabakh 14: 10478: 8352: 8031: 8029: 7764: 7710: 7636:"Dortmund WWII bomb disposal complete" 7252:Hannelore Crolly (2 September 2017) . 7233:. Agence France-Presse. 31 August 2017 6750: 6695: 6693: 6540: 6538: 5908: 5339: 5337: 5261:Defence, National (10 November 2017). 4317:"The bombs that lurk off the UK coast" 2955:Video of the 2012 detonation in Munich 2564:Sarvatra Technical Consultants (India) 2531:Explomo Technical Services (Singapore) 2420:Corroded but live and dangerous Iraqi 1923:, an 18th-century plantation house in 1729:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia 1527:The Russian paramilitary organisation 9176: 9017:Merrouche, Ouarda (26 January 2008). 8949: 8677: 8270:from the original on 12 January 2022. 7923:Las últimas bombas de la Guerra Civil 7868: 7819: 7711:Halasz, Stephanie (1 December 2021). 6995: 6956:from the original on 12 January 2022. 6751:Shadid, Anthony (26 September 2006). 5936:"Dud shell disrupts Tokyo train runs" 5752:. Associated Press. 22 September 2019 5665: 5643:. American University. Archived from 5612:. American University. Archived from 5347:. VOA News. Reuters. 14 February 2017 5285: 5283: 5225: 5223: 5170: 5168: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4619: 4617: 4238:"Bomb kills German explosive experts" 3947: 2834: 2225:An anti-personnel mine on display at 2053:discovered at a construction site in 2015:guns also continue to be discovered. 1190: 10426: 9667:Electromagnetic radiation and health 9110: 8847: 8527: 8474: 8062:Hegglin, Oliver (1 September 2023). 7779: 6989: 6895:Hathaway, Sheri (14 November 2019). 6753:"In Lebanon, a War's Lethal Harvest" 6725:Slackman, Michael (6 October 2006). 6507: 6438:. United Nations Iraq. 17 April 2013 6416:(Report). UNDP and UNICEF. June 2009 6230:"Leftover Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)" 6153:SEAsite Northern Illinois University 5634: 5603: 5546: 5445:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 5425: 5367:"Demining the mountains in Colombia" 5317:"A Legacy of Land Mines in Colombia" 4218:from the original on 12 January 2022 4033: 4031: 3687: 3586: 3523:Bureau of Political-Military Affairs 2939:has been placed on top of the casing 2751: 2708:World War II bomb disposal in Europe 2666: 2624:militant group attacked the town of 2323: 2109: 2022:during reconstruction following the 1295:and 8.0 kilometres (5 mi) from 1137:, and other munitions) that did not 10442: 10434: 9525:Radium and radon in the environment 8550: 8353:Castle, Vicky (26 September 2019). 8026: 7652:(in German). RUHR24. 3 August 2021. 6690: 6600:Serrano, Francisco (2 April 2024). 6535: 5986:. Anime News Network. 17 March 2015 5878:Westlake, Adam (14 November 2012). 5597: 5572: 5334: 4115:. Agence France-Presse. 1 July 2012 3700: 2637:2006 war between Israel and Lebanon 2198:A landmine warning sign in Cambodia 1313: 294:Radium and radon in the environment 24: 9104: 8950:Novik, Geir P. (10 October 2022). 8553:"Navy, EMO detonate WWII ordnance" 6996:Ruoff, Manuel (14 December 2013). 6053:"20 Years making Sri Lankans safe" 5942:. 17 November 2013. Archived from 5280: 5220: 5165: 4643: 4614: 4263:Adam Higginbotham (January 2016). 4186:"WWII bomb kills three in Germany" 4085:. 18 November 2012. Archived from 3923:. Oxford: William Andrew. p. 3829: 2611:Israeli invasions of South Lebanon 2254:Government of Democratic Kampuchea 2252:regimes, as well as the Coalition 2024:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami 1995:and other major cities, including 1664:Sudan People's Liberation Movement 1333:United Nations Mine Action Service 25: 10512: 9156: 8192:"Residents back after bomb found" 7000:[Not everything blew up] 6727:"Israeli Bomblets Plague Lebanon" 6232:. Legacies of War. Archived from 5315:Evelyn Nieves (28 October 2015). 5072:"Territory of the Western Sahara" 4942:"Mauritania | Mine Action Review" 4521:"Mine Action | Reports | Monitor" 4028: 3333: 2985:mid-level administrative district 2568:According to an industry source, 2160: 1559:1976-78 war in the Western Sahara 10460: 10450: 10441: 10433: 10425: 10413: 10412: 9059: 9010: 8956:Science of the Total Environment 8943: 8892: 8841: 8798: 8702: 8659: 8633: 8607: 8589: 8448: 8422: 8397: 8372: 8346: 8328: 8310: 8292: 8274: 8250: 8232: 8202: 8184: 8157: 8127: 8106: 8081: 8055: 8000: 7978: 7956: 7930: 7914: 7888: 7862: 7838: 7813: 7788: 7773: 7758: 7744: 7730: 7704: 7678: 7656: 7642: 7628: 7606: 7584: 7558: 7540: 7522: 7500: 7482: 7464: 7446: 7428: 7410: 7392: 7374: 7356: 7338: 7324: 7310: 7296: 7282: 7264: 7245: 7219: 7193: 7167: 7141: 7127: 7101: 7083: 7056: 7050: 7022: 6936: 6914: 6888: 6862: 6836: 6810: 6788: 6770: 6744: 6718: 6665: 6628:"Hizbollah declares war on ISIL" 6619: 6593: 6567: 6508:Wald, Matthew L. (12 May 1991). 6501: 6476: 6450: 6428: 6403: 5666:James, Owain (25 October 2017). 5204:Souchen, Alex (2 October 2017). 4341:Sourour, Ayman (20 March 2024). 3866:. United Nations. Archived from 3590: 3323:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3107:in the eastern German states of 2755: 2670: 2327: 2186:This section is an excerpt from 2113: 1956:soldiers on September 19, 2019. 1775: 1033: 1021: 9239:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 8977:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156864 8850:Medicine, Conflict and Survival 8141:. 19 April 2013. Archived from 7869:Ismay, John (14 October 2020). 7820:Arena, Jessica (26 July 2021). 7064:. abendblatt.de. Archived from 6352: 6330: 6278: 6248: 6194: 6141: 6095: 6070: 6045: 5998: 5976: 5966:"厳戒の中、不発弾撤去久留米市 [福岡県]" 5958: 5928: 5909:Kameda, Masaaki (4 June 2013). 5902: 5871: 5841: 5821: 5815: 5790: 5764: 5738: 5713: 5659: 5566: 5547:BULL, JOHN M.R. (4 June 2007). 5540: 5518: 5496: 5456: 5403: 5381: 5359: 5308: 5254: 5197: 5140: 5115: 5090: 5064: 5038: 5013: 4987: 4959: 4934: 4908: 4882: 4857: 4835: 4809: 4784: 4730: 4705: 4680: 4588: 4563: 4538: 4513: 4484: 4458: 4432: 4406: 4389:"Algeria - Safelane operations" 4381: 4360: 4334: 4308: 4282: 4256: 4230: 4196: 4178: 4152: 4127: 4101: 4071: 3680:, education, aid distribution, 3002:and smaller munitions from the 2712:Land mine situation in Chechnya 1929:Petersburg National Battlefield 1817:Environmental Protection Agency 1786:Environmental Protection Agency 1620:The spread of conflicts in the 1395:Further mines were laid in the 114:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 9137:Aftermath: The Remnants of War 7854:. 28 July 2021. Archived from 7278:(in German). 3 September 2017. 7276:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 4315:Jon Excell (28 October 2015). 4049: 4002: 3972: 3948:Lakin, Matt (15 August 2008). 3941: 3908: 3882: 3856: 3823: 2791:(1991–2001), the countries of 2385: 2209:that has a major problem with 2091: 1703:Department of National Defence 1436:Ethiopia was heavily mined in 983:Least polluted cities by PM2.5 13: 1: 9727:Electrical resistance heating 9202: 8862:10.1080/13623699.2022.2103958 7795:Brincat, Erika (8 May 2011). 7765:Church, Ben (26 April 2024). 7007:Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung 6546:"Clearing the Mines: Lebanon" 4159:International (2 June 2010). 4059:. GlobalPost. 3 December 2012 3816: 3065:On 29 August 2017, a British 2966:Kampfmittelbeseitigungsdienst 2078: 1691:Land mines in Central America 1552: 1385:Algerian war for independence 454:Electrical resistance heating 9379:Persistent organic pollutant 9072:Russian Journal of Economics 8762:Russian Journal of Economics 8715:Agriculture and Human Values 7966:. Aljazeera. 5 December 2016 7692:(in German). 2 November 2021 7666:(in German). 3 November 2021 7137:. Reuters. 26 February 2015. 7038:(in German). 3 December 2011 6998:"Nicht immer hat's gekracht" 5148:"Impact | Reports | Monitor" 5123:"Impact | Reports | Monitor" 5098:"Niger | Mine Action Review" 4865:"Impact | Reports | Monitor" 4767:"Impact | Reports | Monitor" 4713:"Impact | Reports | Monitor" 4135:"Bomb Alert/Threat Template" 3737: 2935:, 4 December 2011. A linear 2630:improvised explosive devices 2260:in the 1970s and 1980s. The 2105: 1870:US Fish and Wildlife Service 1813:Base Realignment and Closure 1595:Moroccan Western Sahara wall 1506:In 2019 clashes between the 1442:Eritrean War of Independence 1327:A man holding an unexploded 164:Persistent organic pollutant 7: 10501:Environmental impact of war 10389:Least polluted cities by PM 5549:"Bombs on Plum Tree Island" 5176:"Clearing the Mines: Sudan" 4974:Mine Action Review: Morocco 4917:"Mine action in Mauritania" 4660:"Clearing the mines: Libya" 4289:Tony Perry (6 March 2014). 3990:(6). November–December 1996 3980:"Live Civil War Ammo Found" 3760: 3321:Since the beginning of the 2549:Minetech International (UK) 2537:Horizon Assignments (India) 2180: 1833: 1784:According to United States 1717: 1684: 1431: 1235:Explosive Ordnance Disposal 1085:, sometimes abbreviated as 10: 10517: 10331:Pollution haven hypothesis 10254:Brain health and pollution 9492:Ecological light pollution 9322:Internal combustion engine 8727:10.1007/s10460-021-10195-0 8007:Jack Losh (4 April 2016). 7780:Kuta, Sarah (3 May 2024). 6364:Public Radio International 6290:MAG (Mines Advisory Group) 4492:"Clearing the Mines: Chad" 3915:Albright, Richard (2011). 3640: 3507: 3419:, Clearance Divers of the 3296: 2906: 2838: 2741: 2737: 2725: 2705: 2597: 2389: 2358: 2319: 2185: 1958: 1875:US Army Corps of Engineers 1688: 1576: 1378: 1349:Land mines in North Africa 1346: 1335:demonstration in Mogadishu 36: 29: 10410: 10364: 10313: 10262: 10229: 10134:Nonpoint source pollution 10062: 10054:War and environmental law 10001: 9963: 9945: 9745: 9680: 9617: 9543: 9512: 9477: 9461: 9426: 9413:Volatile organic compound 9219: 9210: 9133:Webster, Donovan (1996). 8617:. Geosoft. Archived from 8528:Matanane, Sabrina Salas. 7334:. The Local. 3 July 2018. 5210:Canadian Military History 3755:Foreign direct investment 3750:Foreign direct investment 3678:foreign direct investment 3423:and the Armourers of the 3264: 3206:during construction near 2701: 2489:hand grenade (live but un 2476: 2205:is a country located in 1989:Japan Self-Defense Forces 1695: 1318: 1099:explosive remnants of war 709:War and environmental law 329:Health effects from noise 179:Volatile organic compound 18:Explosive remnants of war 9593:Marine mammals and sonar 9504:Radio spectrum pollution 8819:10.1177/1542316621989233 7115:. London. 29 August 2012 6082:U.S. Department of State 5853:AJW by The Asahi Shimbun 5526:"UXO Site-Specific Data" 5102:www.mineactionreview.org 4946:www.mineactionreview.org 4575:archives.the-monitor.org 4375:www.mineactionreview.org 4139:view.officeapps.live.com 3516:Demining of UXO in Palau 3448:Royal High Junior School 3408:Bomb Disposal Officers, 3280: 3228: 3181: 3017: 2983:or report directly to a 2662: 2534:G4S Risk Management (UK) 1970: 1904:projectiles was buried. 1890:Chemical Warfare Service 1852:DeLand Naval Air Station 1671:heavy fighting broke out 1645: 1607: 1467: 1419: 334:Marine mammals and sonar 37:Not to be confused with 10439:WikiProject Environment 10397:Most polluted countries 10341:Polluter pays principle 10072:Agricultural wastewater 9085:10.32609/j.ruje.8.79738 8775:10.32609/j.ruje.8.79738 8121:Ssrichardmontgomery.com 7986:"Ukraine – Mine action" 7784:. Smithsonian Magazine. 7292:. DW. 2 September 2017. 6366:(PRI). 31 December 2014 6149:"Landmines in Cambodia" 6103:"Landmines in Cambodia" 5450:23 October 2017 at the 4214:. London. 2 June 2010. 3954:Knoxville News Sentinel 3684:, and the environment. 3567:In September 2020, two 2859:Département du Déminage 2411: 2276: 2169:– and all countries of 1965: 1806:Cape Cod, Massachusetts 1753:Colombian peace process 1751:In September 2012, the 1737:departments of Colombia 1731:(FARC) and the smaller 1543: 1406: 1273:In November 2013, four 809:Freshwater salinization 729:Agricultural wastewater 10457:Environment portal 9690:Agricultural pollution 9036:10.2202/1554-8597.1108 7010:(in German). p. 4 5701:. Fox News. 2 May 2008 3744:sustenance agriculture 3652: 3569:Norwegian People's Aid 3528:On the battlefield of 3517: 3413:Ammunition Technicians 3351: 3198:"An der Beverbäke" in 2975: 2965: 2956: 2940: 2820:), and in Kosovo with 2679:This section is empty. 2546:Mine / Eodclr (Canada) 2494: 2429: 2424:shell dating from the 2336:This section is empty. 2298: 2290: 2233: 2199: 2188:Land mines in Cambodia 2122:This section is empty. 2088: 1980: 1866:Langley Air Force Base 1850:by pilots from nearby 1496:first Libyan civil war 1446:Eritrean-Ethiopian War 1344: 1336: 1204: 1152:For example, UXO from 1028:Environment portal 58: 10112:Industrial wastewater 9978:Clutter (advertising) 9886:Municipal solid waste 9732:Soil guideline values 9576:Sustainable transport 9469:Information pollution 9269:Open burning of waste 8266:. 30 September 2016. 8068:Human Security Centre 7802:The Malta Independent 5884:The Japan Daily Press 5674:. American University 5025:www.amusingplanet.com 4796:Amnesty International 3720:Environmental effects 3672:Effects post-conflict 3650: 3515: 3341: 3255:anti-submarine mortar 3248:Armed Forces of Malta 3172:European Central Bank 3026:on the bottom of the 2976:Kampfmittelräumdienst 2954: 2914: 2748:Minefields in Croatia 2641:Israel Defense Forces 2543:Mechem (South Africa) 2528:Expal Systems (Spain) 2484: 2458:2003 invasion of Iraq 2419: 2296: 2284: 2258:Civil War in Cambodia 2224: 2197: 2086: 1978: 1959:Further information: 1950:Alaska State Troopers 1675:Sudanese Armed Forces 1342: 1326: 1198: 769:Industrial wastewater 537:Municipal solid waste 459:Soil guideline values 49: 10384:Most polluted cities 10077:Biological pollution 9988:Overhead power lines 9163:Mines Advisory Group 8603:. 21 September 2020. 6952:. 17 February 2019. 6924:. BBC. 21 March 2014 6901:The Western Producer 6824:on 13 September 2017 6391:. UNDP. 6 April 2009 6180:"Secret War in Laos" 5489:4 March 2016 at the 5242:on 25 September 2020 4368:"Algeria (download)" 4269:Smithsonian Magazine 3796:Mines Advisory Group 3637:Detection technology 3583:In international law 3538:Guadalcanal Province 3410:Royal Logistic Corps 3330:conflict has ended. 3208:Donnersbergerbruecke 2881:Porte de la Chapelle 2594:bomb as a souvenir. 2444:(2003–2011) and the 2267:anti-personnel mines 2229:Visitor's Center in 2150:Sri Lankan Civil War 1755:began officially in 1743:, where the city of 1679:Rapid Support Forces 1658:since the country's 1508:Libyan National Army 1259:anti-handling device 978:Most polluted cities 630:Overhead power lines 10447:WikiProject Ecology 10144:Ocean acidification 10049:Unexploded ordnance 9920:Post-consumer waste 9780:Foam food container 9758:Biodegradable waste 9332:Global distillation 8968:2022ScTEn.84256864N 8647:on 22 December 2014 8551:Eugenio, Haidee V. 8342:. 17 February 2019. 8324:. 13 February 2018. 7638:. DW. 12 June 2020. 7460:. 19 February 2019. 7406:. 10 December 2018. 7388:. 29 November 2018. 7320:. BBC. 24 May 2018. 7306:. DW. 8 April 2018. 6850:. 13 September 2019 6296:on 10 February 2015 6266:on 12 November 2020 6256:"Cluster Munitions" 6137:. 2010. p. 29. 6012:. 13 December 2019. 5946:on 24 February 2015 5890:on 24 February 2015 5859:on 24 February 2015 5647:on 16 November 2012 5616:on 16 November 2012 5585:on 17 November 2018 5152:www.the-monitor.org 5127:www.the-monitor.org 4869:www.the-monitor.org 4771:www.the-monitor.org 4717:www.the-monitor.org 4525:www.the-monitor.org 4211:The Daily Telegraph 4089:on 28 November 2012 3870:on 3 September 2017 3844:on 5 September 2009 3472:London City Airport 3433:Ministry of Defence 3429:Metropolitan Police 3303:Russo-Ukrainian War 3170:was found near the 2853:French government " 2831:in September 2019. 2816:(and its successor 2787:As a result of the 2525:EOD Technology (US) 2522:(ANAMA, Azerbaijan) 2515:has announced are: 2396:Landmines in Israel 1894:American University 1844:Indian River Lagoon 1802:Joint Base Cape Cod 1583:Royal Moroccan Army 1079:Unexploded ordnance 794:Ocean acidification 704:Unexploded ordnance 625:Advertising clutter 557:Post-consumer waste 502:Foam food container 487:Biodegradable waste 144:Global distillation 10467:Ecology portal 10351:Waste minimisation 10326:Industrial ecology 10321:Cleaner production 10139:Nutrient pollution 10016:Herbicidal warfare 9810:Construction waste 9446:Introduced species 9317:Indoor air quality 9244:Chlorofluorocarbon 8918:10.3390/su10072422 8673:on 9 January 2014. 8577:. Marianas Variety 8555:. Marianas Variety 8509:. Marianas Variety 8462:. 20 February 2024 8436:. 23 February 2024 7944:. 5 September 2019 7875:The New York Times 7834:on 24 August 2021. 7809:on 24 August 2021. 7797:"Unexploded Bombs" 7442:. 4 February 2019. 7424:. 1 February 2019. 7370:. 29 October 2018. 7097:. 4 December 2011. 6977:. 3 September 2017 6874:The World from PRX 6731:The New York Times 6657:has generic name ( 6581:. 27 December 2022 6553:Mine action review 6514:The New York Times 6057:The HALO Trust USA 6010:Marine Corps Times 5635:Carignan, Sylvia. 5604:Carignan, Sylvia. 5321:The New York Times 5263:"Locations of UXO" 5183:Clearing the Mines 5078:. 28 February 2023 4896:. 29 November 2018 4692:www.lonesentry.com 4667:Clearing the Mines 4499:Mine Action review 3653: 3602:. You can help by 3518: 3352: 3191:area of Dortmund. 2957: 2941: 2857:" working for the 2835:France and Belgium 2797:Bosnia-Herzegovina 2767:. You can help by 2495: 2430: 2299: 2291: 2234: 2200: 2165:Most countries of 2089: 2059:Fukuoka Prefecture 2039:Keihin Tohoku Line 1981: 1933:Richmond, Virginia 1925:Hopewell, Virginia 1909:American Civil War 1862:Poquoson, Virginia 1739:are affected, but 1724:Colombian conflict 1533:Human Rights Watch 1474:anti vehicle mines 1397:Algerian civil war 1345: 1337: 1288:Richard Montgomery 1257:(with an integral 1242:Göttingen, Germany 1205: 1191:Risks and problems 1183:, particularly in 1040:Ecology portal 665:Herbicidal warfare 209:Introduced species 149:Indoor air quality 119:Chlorofluorocarbon 59: 10496:Explosive weapons 10491:Cluster munitions 10473: 10472: 10346:Pollution control 10026:Nuclear holocaust 9935:Thermal treatment 9903:Plastic pollution 9820:Mercury poisoning 9773:Battery recycling 9672:Radioactive waste 9441:Genetic pollution 9436:Biological hazard 9234:Air quality index 9125:978-1-4087-0255-0 9118:. Little, Brown. 8615:"Success Stories" 7902:. 13 October 2020 7494:Stars and Stripes 6464:. 2 February 2016 6182:. Legacies of War 6033:. 29 January 2015 5972:on 15 April 2014. 5802:Stars and Stripes 5777:Stars and Stripes 5052:. 3 November 2016 4295:Los Angeles Times 4045:. 26 August 2018. 3786:Delay-action bomb 3688:Industrialisation 3682:industrialization 3620: 3619: 3579:of World War II. 3534:Republic of Palau 3287:Spanish Civil War 3269:In October 2020, 3239:heavily bombarded 3176:Frankfurt am Main 3071:Goethe University 3041:Signal Iduna Park 3010:uncovered in the 2952: 2785: 2784: 2699: 2698: 2440:(1990–1991), the 2436:(1980–1988), the 2356: 2355: 2142: 2141: 1815:(BRAC) land. The 1512:government forces 1185:food distribution 1111:explosive weapons 1076: 1075: 1011: 1010: 677:Nuclear holocaust 600:Urban heat island 414:Radioactive waste 199:Biological hazard 109:Air quality index 32:Ultima X: Odyssey 16:(Redirected from 10508: 10465: 10464: 10463: 10455: 10454: 10445: 10444: 10437: 10436: 10429: 10428: 10416: 10415: 10290:Legacy pollution 10149:Oil exploitation 10011:Chemical warfare 9925:Waste management 9832:Industrial waste 9800:Biomedical waste 9768:Electronic waste 9753:Advertising mail 9737:Phytoremediation 9712:Land degradation 9497:Overillumination 9451:Invasive species 9197: 9190: 9183: 9174: 9173: 9152: 9140: 9129: 9098: 9097: 9087: 9063: 9057: 9056: 9038: 9014: 9008: 9007: 8989: 8979: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8930: 8920: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8777: 8753: 8747: 8746: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8689: 8681: 8675: 8674: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8643:. Archived from 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8611: 8605: 8604: 8593: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8571: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8481: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8401: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8322:Evening Standard 8314: 8308: 8307: 8296: 8290: 8289: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8261: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8220:on 2 August 2016 8216:. Archived from 8206: 8200: 8199: 8188: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8145:on 19 April 2013 8131: 8125: 8124: 8118: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8033: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8004: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7866: 7860: 7859: 7858:on 28 July 2021. 7842: 7836: 7835: 7830:. Archived from 7817: 7811: 7810: 7805:. Archived from 7792: 7786: 7785: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7610: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7562: 7556: 7555: 7554:. 24 April 2019. 7544: 7538: 7537: 7536:. 24 April 2019. 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7504: 7498: 7497: 7496:. 12 April 2019. 7486: 7480: 7479: 7478:. 27 March 2019. 7468: 7462: 7461: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7352:. 2 August 2018. 7342: 7336: 7335: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7314: 7308: 7307: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7131: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7070: 7063: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7003: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6967: 6958: 6957: 6947: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6784:. 26 April 2018. 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6722: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6697: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6656: 6652: 6650: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6550: 6542: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6415: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6385: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6292:. 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Archived from 3836: 3827: 3707:humanitarian aid 3701:Aid distribution 3615: 3612: 3594: 3587: 3555:Marshall Islands 3502:Keyham, Plymouth 3460:Brondesbury Park 3004:Battle of Berlin 3000:artillery shells 2978: 2968: 2953: 2917:blockbuster bomb 2863:chemical warfare 2780: 2777: 2759: 2752: 2694: 2691: 2681:You can help by 2674: 2667: 2454:Coalition forces 2403:, including the 2351: 2348: 2338:You can help by 2331: 2324: 2289:"bombie" in Laos 2262:Dangrek genocide 2213:, especially in 2148:, following the 2137: 2134: 2124:You can help by 2117: 2110: 1945: mi) away. 1944: 1943: 1939: 1882:chemical weapons 1840:Orlando, Florida 1822:The area around 1722:During the long 1634:occurred in the 1599:1975-91 conflict 1314:Around the world 1135:cluster munition 1091:unexploded bombs 1068: 1061: 1054: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1026: 1025: 957: 956: 660:Chemical warfare 562:Waste management 522:Industrial waste 497:Electronic waste 482:Advertising mail 464:Phytoremediation 439:Land degradation 379:Depleted uranium 264:Overillumination 214:Invasive species 86: 76: 61: 60: 21: 10516: 10515: 10511: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10469: 10461: 10459: 10449: 10406: 10392: 10360: 10309: 10258: 10225: 10164:Pharmaceuticals 10154:Oil exploration 10058: 10030:Nuclear fallout 9997: 9959: 9941: 9915:Packaging waste 9869:Deep sea mining 9795:Hazardous waste 9741: 9722:Open defecation 9676: 9642:Nuclear fallout 9637:Nuclear fission 9613: 9539: 9508: 9479:Electromagnetic 9473: 9457: 9422: 9342:Ozone depletion 9215: 9206: 9201: 9159: 9149: 9126: 9107: 9105:Further reading 9102: 9101: 9064: 9060: 9015: 9011: 8948: 8944: 8897: 8893: 8846: 8842: 8803: 8799: 8754: 8750: 8707: 8703: 8693: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8682: 8678: 8665: 8664: 8660: 8650: 8648: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8624: 8622: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8595: 8594: 8590: 8580: 8578: 8573: 8572: 8568: 8558: 8556: 8549: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8526: 8522: 8512: 8510: 8505: 8504: 8500: 8490: 8488: 8483: 8482: 8475: 8465: 8463: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8439: 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7541: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7510:. 14 April 2019 7506: 7505: 7501: 7488: 7487: 7483: 7470: 7469: 7465: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7434: 7433: 7429: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7362: 7361: 7357: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7199: 7198: 7194: 7184: 7182: 7180:Sueddeutsche.de 7172: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7133: 7132: 7128: 7118: 7116: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7089: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7072: 7071:on 14 July 2014 7068: 7061: 7055: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7013: 7011: 7001: 6994: 6990: 6980: 6978: 6969: 6968: 6961: 6942: 6941: 6937: 6927: 6925: 6920: 6919: 6915: 6905: 6903: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6876:. 4 August 2023 6868: 6867: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6761: 6759: 6757:Washington Post 6749: 6745: 6735: 6733: 6723: 6719: 6709: 6707: 6699: 6698: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6654: 6653: 6644: 6643: 6636: 6634: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6598: 6594: 6584: 6582: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6558: 6556: 6555:. 29 March 2024 6548: 6544: 6543: 6536: 6526: 6524: 6506: 6502: 6492: 6490: 6488:cese.utulsa.edu 6482: 6481: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6441: 6439: 6434: 6433: 6429: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6387: 6386: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6321: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6299: 6297: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6260:Legacies of War 6254: 6253: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6228: 6227: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6202:"StephenMBland" 6200: 6199: 6195: 6185: 6183: 6178: 6177: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6155:. 23 March 2003 6147: 6146: 6142: 6130: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6109: 6107:Seasite.niu.edu 6101: 6100: 6096: 6086: 6084: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6025: 6024: 6017: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5989: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5964: 5963: 5959: 5949: 5947: 5934: 5933: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5907: 5903: 5893: 5891: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5729: 5727: 5719: 5718: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5687: 5677: 5675: 5664: 5660: 5650: 5648: 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5579:Pilotonline.com 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5514:on 15 May 2010. 5502: 5501: 5497: 5491:Wayback Machine 5482: 5478: 5461: 5457: 5452:Wayback Machine 5442: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5313: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5289: 5288: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5259: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5228: 5221: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5185:. 22 April 2024 5178: 5174: 5173: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5121: 5120: 5116: 5106: 5104: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4897: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4800: 4798: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4765: 4764: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4721: 4719: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4631:. 20 March 2017 4623: 4622: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4501:. 15 April 2024 4494: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4437: 4433: 4423: 4421: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4393:SafeLane Global 4387: 4386: 4382: 4370: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4261: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4037: 4036: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3960:on 15 July 2015 3946: 3942: 3935: 3913: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3767:Ammunition dump 3763: 3752: 3740: 3722: 3703: 3690: 3674: 3645: 3639: 3616: 3610: 3607: 3600:needs expansion 3585: 3542:Solomon Islands 3510: 3425:Royal Air Force 3406:Royal Engineers 3336: 3318:accounted for. 3299: 3283: 3267: 3243:Royal Engineers 3231: 3184: 3121:Mönchengladbach 3020: 2943: 2927:. Found in the 2919:dropped by the 2909: 2865:agents such as 2843: 2837: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2765:needs expansion 2750: 2740: 2728: 2714: 2704: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2665: 2600: 2561:RPS Energy (UK) 2479: 2446:Iraqi Civil War 2414: 2398: 2388: 2361: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2322: 2316:UXO incidents. 2279: 2274: 2273: 2191: 2183: 2163: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2108: 2094: 2081: 2051:incendiary bomb 1973: 1968: 1963: 1954:Fort Wainwright 1941: 1937: 1936: 1836: 1824:Fort St. Philip 1778: 1720: 1698: 1693: 1687: 1677:(SAF), and the 1669:In April 2023, 1648: 1610: 1587:Polisario Front 1579: 1555: 1546: 1489:Muammar Gaddafi 1470: 1434: 1422: 1409: 1381: 1356: 1351: 1331:shell during a 1321: 1316: 1199:1943 poster by 1193: 1072: 1034: 1032: 1020: 1013: 1012: 912: 904: 903: 877: 869: 868: 804:Pharmaceuticals 784:Nonpoint source 724: 714: 713: 682:Nuclear fallout 655: 645: 644: 615: 605: 604: 595: 585: 584: 575: 567: 566: 552:Packaging waste 517:Hazardous waste 477: 469: 468: 429: 419: 418: 389:Nuclear fallout 384:Nuclear fission 364: 354: 353: 319: 309: 308: 284: 276: 275: 249: 247:Electromagnetic 239: 238: 229: 221: 220: 194: 184: 183: 154:Ozone depletion 99: 89: 74: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10514: 10504: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10471: 10470: 10411: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10381: 10379:Law by country 10376: 10370: 10368: 10362: 10361: 10359: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10317: 10315: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10266: 10264: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10256: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10233: 10231: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10201:Surface runoff 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10176: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10125: 10124: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10087:Eutrophication 10084: 10079: 10074: 10068: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10044:Scorched earth 10041: 10038:nuclear winter 10034:nuclear famine 10023: 10013: 10007: 10005: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9969: 9967: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9957: 9951: 9949: 9943: 9942: 9940: 9939: 9938: 9937: 9932: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9911: 9910: 9900: 9895: 9894: 9893: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9879:Uranium mining 9876: 9871: 9866: 9864:Surface mining 9861: 9856: 9846: 9841: 9840: 9839: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9815:Lead poisoning 9812: 9807: 9805:Chemical waste 9802: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9776: 9775: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9749: 9747: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9717:Bioremediation 9714: 9709: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9686: 9684: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9632:Bioremediation 9629: 9623: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9611: 9606: 9603: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9595: 9585: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553:Transportation 9549: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9516: 9514: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9506: 9501: 9500: 9499: 9494: 9483: 9481: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9465: 9463: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9455: 9454: 9453: 9443: 9438: 9432: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9409: 9408: 9398: 9397: 9396: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9375: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9327:Global dimming 9324: 9319: 9314: 9313: 9312: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9298:Diesel exhaust 9290: 9285: 9284: 9283: 9273: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9225: 9223: 9217: 9216: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9200: 9199: 9192: 9185: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9158: 9157:External links 9155: 9154: 9153: 9147: 9130: 9124: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9078:(3): 276–294. 9058: 9009: 8942: 8905:Sustainability 8891: 8856:(4): 285–288. 8840: 8813:(3): 372–376. 8797: 8768:(3): 276–294. 8748: 8721:(3): 827–837. 8701: 8676: 8658: 8632: 8621:on 18 May 2011 8606: 8588: 8566: 8543: 8520: 8498: 8473: 8447: 8421: 8396: 8371: 8345: 8327: 8309: 8306:. 16 May 2017. 8291: 8273: 8249: 8246:. 13 May 2016. 8231: 8201: 8183: 8156: 8126: 8105: 8080: 8054: 8043:. 22 July 2023 8025: 7999: 7977: 7955: 7929: 7913: 7887: 7861: 7851:Times of Malta 7837: 7827:Times of Malta 7812: 7787: 7772: 7757: 7743: 7729: 7703: 7677: 7655: 7641: 7627: 7616:. Novinite.com 7605: 7583: 7557: 7539: 7521: 7499: 7481: 7463: 7445: 7427: 7409: 7391: 7373: 7355: 7337: 7323: 7309: 7295: 7281: 7263: 7244: 7218: 7192: 7166: 7140: 7126: 7100: 7082: 7049: 7021: 6988: 6959: 6935: 6913: 6887: 6861: 6848:Sarajevo Times 6835: 6809: 6787: 6769: 6743: 6717: 6689: 6664: 6618: 6606:Foreign Policy 6592: 6566: 6534: 6500: 6475: 6449: 6427: 6402: 6377: 6351: 6329: 6307: 6277: 6247: 6218: 6193: 6166: 6140: 6119: 6094: 6069: 6044: 6015: 5997: 5975: 5957: 5927: 5901: 5870: 5840: 5814: 5789: 5763: 5737: 5725:Herald-Journal 5712: 5685: 5658: 5627: 5596: 5565: 5553:Dailypress.com 5539: 5517: 5495: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5455: 5436: 5424: 5402: 5380: 5358: 5333: 5307: 5279: 5253: 5219: 5196: 5164: 5139: 5114: 5089: 5063: 5037: 5012: 4986: 4958: 4933: 4907: 4881: 4856: 4834: 4808: 4783: 4755: 4744:. 6 April 2011 4729: 4704: 4679: 4642: 4613: 4602:. 4 April 2008 4587: 4562: 4550:alaakhamis.org 4537: 4512: 4483: 4457: 4431: 4405: 4380: 4359: 4333: 4307: 4281: 4255: 4229: 4195: 4192:. 2 June 2010. 4177: 4151: 4126: 4113:Pakistan Today 4100: 4070: 4048: 4027: 4016:. 5 March 2008 4001: 3971: 3940: 3933: 3907: 3881: 3855: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3775: 3769: 3762: 3759: 3751: 3748: 3739: 3736: 3721: 3718: 3702: 3699: 3694:infrastructure 3689: 3686: 3673: 3670: 3641:Main article: 3638: 3635: 3618: 3617: 3597: 3595: 3584: 3581: 3551:Maloelap Atoll 3530:Peleliu Island 3509: 3506: 3335: 3334:United Kingdom 3332: 3315:Luhansk Oblast 3298: 3295: 3282: 3279: 3266: 3263: 3235:British colony 3233:Malta, then a 3230: 3227: 3183: 3180: 3019: 3016: 3008:'Tallboy' bomb 2908: 2905: 2836: 2833: 2783: 2782: 2762: 2760: 2739: 2736: 2727: 2724: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2690:September 2017 2677: 2675: 2664: 2661: 2622:Al-Nusra Front 2599: 2596: 2587:New York Times 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2552:Notra (Canada) 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2503:First Gulf War 2478: 2475: 2413: 2410: 2387: 2384: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2334: 2332: 2321: 2318: 2278: 2275: 2207:Southeast Asia 2192: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2167:Southeast Asia 2162: 2161:Southeast Asia 2159: 2146:The HALO Trust 2140: 2139: 2120: 2118: 2107: 2104: 2093: 2090: 2080: 2077: 2020:Sendai Airport 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1888:, the US Army 1835: 1832: 1777: 1774: 1761:European Union 1719: 1716: 1711:Camp Ipperwash 1697: 1694: 1686: 1683: 1647: 1644: 1626:Liptako-Gourma 1609: 1606: 1591:Western Sahara 1578: 1575: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1469: 1466: 1433: 1430: 1421: 1418: 1408: 1405: 1380: 1377: 1355: 1352: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1279:Camp Pendleton 1210:nitroglycerine 1192: 1189: 1158:training bases 1074: 1073: 1071: 1070: 1063: 1056: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1030: 1015: 1014: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 998: 997: 993: 992: 991: 990: 985: 980: 975: 973:Law by country 970: 962: 961: 955: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 913: 910: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 900: 899: 894: 884: 878: 875: 874: 871: 870: 867: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 844:Surface runoff 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 744:Eutrophication 741: 736: 731: 725: 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 711: 706: 701: 699:Scorched earth 696: 695: 694: 692:Nuclear winter 689: 687:Nuclear famine 684: 674: 673: 672: 662: 656: 651: 650: 647: 646: 643: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 616: 611: 610: 607: 606: 603: 602: 596: 591: 590: 587: 586: 583: 582: 576: 573: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 478: 475: 474: 471: 470: 467: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 444:Bioremediation 441: 436: 430: 425: 424: 421: 420: 417: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 374:Bioremediation 371: 365: 360: 359: 356: 355: 352: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 324:Transportation 320: 315: 314: 311: 310: 307: 306: 301: 296: 291: 285: 282: 281: 278: 277: 274: 273: 271:Radio spectrum 268: 267: 266: 261: 250: 245: 244: 241: 240: 237: 236: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 217: 216: 206: 201: 195: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 139:Global dimming 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 100: 95: 94: 91: 90: 87: 79: 78: 70: 69: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10513: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10468: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10440: 10432: 10423: 10419: 10409: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10363: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10312: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10261: 10255: 10252: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10239: 10238: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10228: 10222: 10221:Water quality 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10120: 10119: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10061: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10024: 10021: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10004: 10000: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9983:Traffic signs 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9962: 9956: 9953: 9952: 9950: 9948: 9944: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9927: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9909: 9908:Microplastics 9906: 9905: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9898:Nanomaterials 9896: 9892: 9889: 9888: 9887: 9884: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9838: 9837:Lead smelting 9835: 9834: 9833: 9830: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9691: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9679: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9657:Radioactivity 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9616: 9610: 9609:Noise control 9607: 9604: 9601: 9598: 9594: 9591: 9590: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9554: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9542: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9502: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9489: 9488: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9476: 9470: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9460: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9425: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9407: 9404: 9403: 9402: 9399: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9357:Metal working 9355: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9311: 9308: 9307: 9306: 9303: 9299: 9296: 9295: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9277: 9274: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9251: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9209: 9205: 9198: 9193: 9191: 9186: 9184: 9179: 9178: 9175: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9150: 9148:0-679-43195-0 9144: 9139: 9138: 9131: 9127: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9108: 9095: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9062: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9013: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8988: 8987:11250/3015458 8983: 8978: 8973: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8946: 8938: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8895: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8844: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8801: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8752: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8705: 8686: 8680: 8672: 8668: 8662: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8620: 8616: 8610: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8576: 8570: 8554: 8547: 8531: 8524: 8508: 8502: 8486: 8480: 8478: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8435: 8431: 8425: 8410: 8406: 8400: 8385: 8381: 8375: 8360: 8356: 8349: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8323: 8319: 8313: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8287: 8283: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8264:The Telegraph 8260: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8235: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8205: 8197: 8193: 8187: 8171:. 15 May 2017 8170: 8166: 8160: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8122: 8115: 8109: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8069: 8065: 8058: 8042: 8038: 8032: 8030: 8014: 8010: 8003: 7987: 7981: 7965: 7959: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7925: 7924: 7917: 7901: 7897: 7891: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7857: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7828: 7823: 7816: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7798: 7791: 7783: 7776: 7768: 7761: 7753: 7747: 7739: 7733: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7691: 7687: 7681: 7665: 7659: 7651: 7645: 7637: 7631: 7615: 7609: 7593: 7587: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7553: 7549: 7543: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7509: 7503: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7477: 7473: 7467: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7423: 7419: 7413: 7405: 7401: 7395: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7333: 7327: 7319: 7313: 7305: 7299: 7291: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7259: 7255: 7248: 7232: 7228: 7222: 7206: 7202: 7196: 7181: 7177: 7170: 7155:. 27 May 2015 7154: 7150: 7144: 7136: 7130: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7025: 7009: 7008: 6999: 6992: 6976: 6972: 6966: 6964: 6955: 6951: 6950:The Telegraph 6946: 6939: 6923: 6917: 6902: 6898: 6891: 6875: 6871: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6823: 6819: 6813: 6797: 6791: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6732: 6728: 6721: 6706: 6702: 6696: 6694: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6660: 6648: 6633: 6629: 6622: 6607: 6603: 6596: 6580: 6576: 6570: 6554: 6547: 6541: 6539: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6504: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6463: 6459: 6453: 6437: 6431: 6412: 6406: 6390: 6384: 6382: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6339: 6333: 6317: 6311: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6281: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6223: 6207: 6206:StephenMBland 6203: 6197: 6181: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6108: 6104: 6098: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5985: 5979: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5931: 5916: 5912: 5905: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5829: 5825: 5822:Han, Yoonji. 5818: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5778: 5774: 5767: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5700: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5673: 5669: 5662: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5528:. Uxoinfo.com 5527: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5508:Click Orlando 5505: 5499: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5480: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5449: 5446: 5440: 5433: 5428: 5412: 5406: 5390: 5384: 5368: 5362: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5224: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5184: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5051: 5047: 5046:"Mine Action" 5041: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5001:. 17 May 2011 5000: 4996: 4990: 4975: 4968: 4962: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4922: 4918: 4911: 4895: 4894:reliefweb.int 4891: 4885: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4845:. 31 May 2022 4844: 4838: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4668: 4661: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4630: 4626: 4625:"Mine action" 4620: 4618: 4601: 4600:reliefweb.int 4597: 4591: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4500: 4493: 4487: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4376: 4369: 4363: 4348: 4344: 4337: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4270: 4266: 4259: 4244:. 2 June 2010 4243: 4242:Daily Express 4239: 4233: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4206: 4199: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4058: 4052: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4032: 4015: 4011: 4005: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3936: 3934:9781437734782 3930: 3926: 3921: 3920: 3911: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3822: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3747: 3745: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3708: 3698: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3669: 3665: 3663: 3657: 3649: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3605: 3601: 3598:This section 3596: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3563: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3514: 3505: 3503: 3498: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3470:which forced 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3362:, and during 3361: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3291:Guardia Civil 3288: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3190: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3117:Europaviertel 3114: 3110: 3109:Saxony-Anhalt 3106: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2998:, where many 2997: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2938: 2937:shaped charge 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2789:Yugoslav Wars 2779: 2770: 2766: 2763:This section 2761: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2723: 2720: 2713: 2709: 2693: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2660: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2595: 2591: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2434:Iran–Iraq War 2427: 2423: 2418: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2350: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2310:cluster bombs 2307: 2303: 2295: 2288: 2283: 2270: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2189: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2158: 2156: 2155:Ottawa Treaty 2151: 2147: 2144:According to 2136: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2096:According to 2085: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2031:anti-aircraft 2027: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2009:Imperial Army 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1948:According to 1946: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1898:No Man's Land 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1831: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1776:United States 1773: 1771: 1770:Plan Colombia 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1707:First Nations 1704: 1692: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1550: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1429: 1426: 1417: 1413: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1350: 1341: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1311: 1309: 1308:Richter scale 1305: 1304: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1231:bomb disposal 1227: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1202: 1197: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1069: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1031: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 999: 995: 994: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 965: 964: 963: 959: 958: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 914: 908: 907: 898: 895: 893: 890: 889: 888: 885: 883: 880: 879: 873: 872: 865: 862: 860: 859:Water quality 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 726: 723: 718: 717: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 679: 678: 675: 671: 668: 667: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 654: 649: 648: 641: 638: 636: 635:Traffic signs 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 614: 609: 608: 601: 598: 597: 594: 589: 588: 581: 578: 577: 571: 570: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 542:Nanomaterials 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 479: 473: 472: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 431: 428: 423: 422: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 404:Radioactivity 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 366: 363: 358: 357: 350: 349:Soundproofing 347: 345: 344:Noise control 342: 340: 339:Noise barrier 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 318: 313: 312: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 280: 279: 272: 269: 265: 262: 260: 257: 256: 255: 252: 251: 248: 243: 242: 235: 232: 231: 225: 224: 215: 212: 211: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 196: 193: 188: 187: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 101: 98: 93: 92: 85: 81: 80: 77: 72: 71: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 10300:Point source 10242:Heavy metals 10216:Urban runoff 10196:Sulfur water 10174:Septic tanks 10048: 10020:Agent Orange 9874:Mining waste 9700:Manure waste 9530:Volcanic ash 9406:Black carbon 9362:Oil refining 9347:Particulates 9276:Construction 9141:. Pantheon. 9136: 9115: 9075: 9071: 9061: 9026: 9022: 9012: 8959: 8955: 8945: 8908: 8904: 8894: 8853: 8849: 8843: 8810: 8806: 8800: 8765: 8761: 8751: 8718: 8714: 8704: 8692:. Retrieved 8679: 8671:the original 8661: 8649:. Retrieved 8645:the original 8635: 8623:. Retrieved 8619:the original 8609: 8600: 8591: 8579:. Retrieved 8569: 8557:. Retrieved 8546: 8534:. Retrieved 8523: 8511:. Retrieved 8501: 8489:. Retrieved 8464:. Retrieved 8459: 8450: 8438:. Retrieved 8433: 8424: 8412:. Retrieved 8408: 8399: 8387:. Retrieved 8383: 8374: 8364:29 September 8362:. Retrieved 8358: 8348: 8339: 8330: 8321: 8312: 8303: 8294: 8285: 8276: 8263: 8252: 8243: 8234: 8222:. Retrieved 8218:the original 8213: 8204: 8195: 8186: 8173:. Retrieved 8168: 8159: 8147:. Retrieved 8143:the original 8138: 8129: 8120: 8108: 8096:. Retrieved 8092: 8083: 8071:. Retrieved 8067: 8057: 8045:. Retrieved 8040: 8018:13 September 8016:. Retrieved 8013:The Guardian 8012: 8002: 7992:13 September 7990:. 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