Pollution - Knowledge

2944: 1707: 2813: 1279: 1991: 1604: 8777: 1833: 11624: 8658: 1014: 1766: 1533: 2035: 3686:; Bathan, Glynda; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Brauer, Michael; Caravanos, Jack; Chiles, Tom; Cohen, Aaron; Corra, Lilian; Cropper, Maureen; Ferraro, Greg; Hanna, Jill; Hanrahan, David; Hu, Howard; Hunter, David; Janata, Gloria; Kupka, Rachael; Lanphear, Bruce; Lichtveld, Maureen; Martin, Keith; Mustapha, Adetoun; Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto; Sandilya, Karti; Schaefli, Laura; Shaw, Joseph; Seddon, Jessica; Suk, William; Téllez-Rojo, Martha María; Yan, Chonghuai (June 2022). 4046: 2282: 11572: 9599: 9038: 8620: 3111: 2266: 2717: 9069: 11664: 11715: 11732: 11698: 11749: 1786:, is sometimes referred to as pollution, because raised levels of the gas in the atmosphere are affecting the Earth's climate. Disruption of the environment can also highlight the connection between areas of pollution that would normally be classified separately, such as those of water and air. Recent studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical 11636: 8668: 1026: 4054: 75: 11596: 9081: 8649: 8641: 11681: 11584: 9587: 9057: 8633: 2250: 2603:

the dirt and smoke produced by the steel manufacturing firm. If external costs exist, such as those created by pollution, the manufacturer will choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the manufacturer were required to pay all associated environmental costs. Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of

39: 1797:(IPCC), representing the work of 2,500 scientists, economists, and policymakers from more than 120 countries, confirmed that humans have been the primary cause of global warming since 1950. Humans have ways to cut greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the consequences of global warming, a major climate report concluded. But to change the climate, the transition from 2611:, less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others. Goods and services that involve negative externalities in production, such as those that produce pollution, tend to be overproduced and underpriced since the externality is not being priced into the market. 1537: 1535: 2848:) from air pollution in 2015 at 2.9 years (substantially more than, for example, 0.3 years from all forms of direct violence), it also indicated that a significant fraction of the LLE is unavoidable in terms of current economical-technological feasibility such as aeolian dust and wildfire emission control. 6291:

Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan; Ashraf, Muhammad; Javeed, Aqeel; Anjum, Aftab Ahmad; Sharif, Ali; Saleem, Mohammad; Mustafa, Ghulam; Ashraf, Moneeb; Saleem, Ammara; Akhtar, Bushra (28 February 2018). "Association of textile industry effluent with mutagenicity and its toxic health implications upon acute and

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concluded that energy-related fossil fuel emissions in the United States cause 46,900–59,400 premature deaths each year and PM2.5-related illness and death costs the nation $ 537–$ 678 billion annually. In the US, deaths caused by coal pollution were highest in 1999, but decreased sharply after 2007.

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government brought in its scientists, engineers, and urban planners to not only solve the deficiencies, but to forge Berlin as the world's model city. A British expert in 1906 concluded that Berlin represented "the most complete application of science, order and method of public life," adding "it is

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The health impacts of pollution have both direct and lasting social consequences. A 2021 study found that exposure to pollution causes an increase in violent crime. A 2019 paper linked pollution to adverse school outcomes for children. A number of studies show that pollution has an adverse effect on

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alone because of air pollution. China's high smog levels can damage the human body and cause various diseases. In 2019, air pollution caused 1.67 million deaths in India (17.8% of total deaths nationally). Studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually in the United States could be

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are the source of many chemical substances entering the soil environment (and often groundwater), emanating from the wide variety of refuse accepted, especially substances illegally discarded there, or from pre-1970 landfills that may have been subject to little control in the U.S. or EU. There have

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and now threaten entire ecosystems around the world. Pollutants frequently have outsized impacts on vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, and marginalized communities, because polluting industries and toxic waste sites tend to be collocated with populations with less economic and

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in production. A negative externality in production occurs "when a firm's production reduces the well-being of others who are not compensated by the firm." For example, if a laundry firm exists near a polluting steel manufacturing firm, there will be increased costs for the laundry firm because of

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Water pollution, caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated sewage and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; and releases of waste and contaminants into

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Plastic pollution is choking our oceans by making plastic gyres, entangling marine animals, poisoning our food and water supply, and ultimately inflicting havoc on the health and well-being of humans and wildlife globally. With the exception of a small amount that has been incinerating, virtually

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Waste-water from the houses collected in the gutters running alongside the curbs and emitted a truly fearsome smell. There were no public toilets in the streets or squares. Visitors, especially women, often became desperate when nature called. In the public buildings the sanitary facilities were

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Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), heavy metals (such as chromium, cadmium – found in rechargeable batteries, and lead – found in lead paint, aviation fuel, and even in certain countries, gasoline), MTBE, zinc, arsenic, and benzene are some of the most frequent soil contaminants. A series of press

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from pollution; otherwise, there would be no incentive to pollute. This utility may come from the consumption of goods and services that inherently create pollution (albeit the level can vary) or lower prices or lower required efforts (or inconvenience) to abandon or substitute these goods and

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defines pollution as "Any substances in water, soil, or air that degrade the natural quality of the environment, offend the senses of sight, taste, or smell, or cause a health hazard. The usefulness of the natural resource is usually impaired by the presence of pollutants and contaminants." In

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Because of the impacts of these chemicals, local and international countries' policy have increasingly sought to regulate pollutants, resulting in increasing air and water quality standards, alongside regulation of specific waste streams. Regional and national policy is typically supervised by

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Pollution affects humans in every part of the world. An October 2017 study by the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health found that global pollution, specifically toxic air, water, soil and workplaces, kills nine million people annually, which is triple the number of deaths caused by AIDS,

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Pollution can also occur as a result of natural disasters. Hurricanes, for example, frequently result in sewage contamination and petrochemical spills from burst boats or automobiles. When coastal oil rigs or refineries are involved, larger-scale and environmental damage is not unusual. When

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which can cause large economic problems. The problem usually occurs when there is no division of ownership rights. This means that the problem of pollution is largely caused because of incomplete information about which company pollutes and at what scale the damage was caused by the

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Behera, Meerambika; Nayak, Jayato; Banerjee, Shirsendu; Chakrabortty, Sankha; Tripathy, Suraj K. (1 August 2021). "A review on the treatment of textile industry waste effluents towards the development of efficient mitigation strategy: An integrated system design approach".

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in 1984 have demonstrated the universality of such events and the scale on which efforts to address them needed to engage. The borderless nature of atmosphere and oceans inevitably resulted in the implication of pollution on a planetary level with the issue of

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among others. Though their effects remain somewhat less well understood owing to a lack of experimental data, they have been detected in various ecological habitats far removed from industrial activity such as the Arctic, demonstrating diffusion and

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Pollution can also create costs for the firms producing the pollution. Sometimes firms choose, or are forced by regulation, to reduce the amount of pollution that they are producing. The associated costs of doing this are called abatement costs, or

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to determine which level of pollution is deemed the social optimum. For economists, pollution is an "external cost and occurs only when one or more individuals suffer a loss of welfare". There is a socially optimal level of pollution at which

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from the adverse effects of pollution, many nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution. At the local level, regulation usually is supervised by

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took issue with air pollution caused by coal burning, water pollution caused by bad sanitation, and street pollution caused by the three million horses who worked in American cities in 1900, generating large quantities of urine and

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intersect gives the socially optimal level of pollution. At this point, the quantity will be lower and the price will be higher in comparison to the free market equilibrium. Therefore, the free market outcome could be considered a

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reports published in 2001, culminating in the publication of the book Fateful Harvest, revealed a widespread practise of recycling industrial leftovers into fertilizer, resulting in metal poisoning of the soil. Ordinary municipal

2631:, an international non-for-profit organization dedicated to eliminating life-threatening pollution in the developing world, issues an annual list of some of the world's most polluting industries. Below is the list for 2016: 2748:, causing "carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and allergenic threats to living organisms". The textile industry uses over 8000 chemicals in its supply chain, also polluting the environment with large amounts of 2193:

The modern environmental regulatory environment has its origins in the United States with the beginning of industrial regulations around Air and Water pollution connected to industry and mining during the 1960s and 1970s.

1205:, having systematic impact on social and economic systems. In 2019, pollution killed approximately nine million people worldwide (about one in six deaths that year); about three-quarters of these deaths were caused by 1534: 3083:

from atomic warfare and testing. Then a non-nuclear event – the Great Smog of 1952 in London – killed at least 4000 people. This prompted some of the first major modern environmental legislation: the

11382: 6536: 1565:, which are capable of killing humans at concentrations of less than 1 part per thousand. Volcanic emissions also include fine and ultrafine particles which may contain toxic chemicals and substances such as 3739:; Bathan, Glynda; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Brauer, Michael; Caravanos, Jack; Chiles, Tom; Cohen, Aaron; Corra, Lilian; Cropper, Maureen; Ferraro, Greg; Hanna, Jill; Hanrahan, David; Hu, Howard (17 May 2022). 1907:. In 2013 over 10 million people in India fell ill with waterborne illnesses in 2013, and 1,535 people died, most of them children. As of 2007, nearly 500 million Chinese lack access to safe drinking water. 10347: 10192: 5231:; Bathan, Glynda; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Brauer, Michael; Caravanos, Jack; Chiles, Tom; Cohen, Aaron; Corra, Lilian; Cropper, Maureen; Ferraro, Greg; Hanna, Jill; Hanrahan, David; Hu, Howard (June 2022). 1370:

form, such as radio and television transmissions, Wi-fi etc. Although there is no demonstrable effect on humans there can be interference with radio-astronomy and effects on safety systems of aircraft and

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tuberculosis and malaria combined, and 15 times higher than deaths caused by wars and other forms of human violence. The study concluded that "pollution is one of the great existential challenges of the

10305: 10100: 5060:; Mathur, Prashant; Dey, Sagnik; Turkgulu, Burak; Kumar, G Anil; Khare, Mukesh; Beig, Gufran; Gupta, Tarun; Krishnankutty, Rinu P; Causey, Kate; Cohen, Aaron J; Bhargava, Stuti (21 December 2020). 7228:

Falchi, Fabio; Cinzano, Pierantonio; Duriscoe, Dan; Kyba, Christopher C. M.; Elvidge, Christopher D.; Baugh, Kimberly; Portnov, Boris A.; Rybnikova, Nataliya A.; Furgoni, Riccardo (1 June 2016).

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Kishor, Roop; Purchase, Diane; Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya; Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando Romanholo; Bilal, Muhammad; Chandra, Ram; Bharagava, Ram Naresh (1 April 2021).

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If the social costs of pollution are higher than the private costs incurred by the firm, then the true supply curve will be higher. The point at which the social marginal cost and market

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Madhav, Sughosh; Ahamad, Arif; Singh, Pardeep; Mishra, Pradeep Kumar (March 2018). "A review of textile industry: Wet processing, environmental impacts, and effluent treatment methods".

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Moreover, the feasibility of pollution reduction rates could also be a factor of calculating optimal levels. While a study puts the global mean loss of life expectancy (LLE; similar to

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considers pollution to be the "presence of substances and heat in environmental media (air, water, land) whose nature, location, or quantity produces undesirable environmental effects."

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in 1272, after its smoke became a problem; the fuel was so common in England that this earliest of names for it was acquired because it could be carted away from some shores by the

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could exist for hundreds or even thousands of years. If plastic production is not circumscribed, plastic pollution will be disastrous and will eventually outweigh fish in oceans.

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that many or most market-driven companies use despite "eco-friendly alternatives". Textile industry wastewater is considered to be one the largest polluters of water and soil

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flowing to surface waters (including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as human feces from open defecation).

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Pollution introduced by light at night is becoming a global problem, more severe in urban centres, but nonetheless contaminating also large territories, far away from towns.

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every piece of plastic that was ever made in the past still exists in one form or another. And since most of the plastics do not biodegrade in any meaningful sense, all that

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services. Therefore, it is important that policymakers attempt to balance these indirect benefits with the costs of pollution in order to achieve an efficient outcome.

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were the first two American cities to enact laws ensuring cleaner air in 1881. Pollution became a major issue in the United States in the early twentieth century, as

9829: 9628: 5118: 4942: 10207: 10167: 9922: 2385:, Germany. The framework includes 28 targets, for example, to "end the use of hazardous pesticides in agriculture where the risks have not been managed" by 2035. 7120:

Friedman, Sharon M. (2011). "Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima: An analysis of traditional and new media coverage of nuclear accidents and radiation".

2929:" found on ceilings of prehistoric caves provides ample evidence of the high levels of pollution that was associated with inadequate ventilation of open fires." 2182:

about pollution. Historically, polluters will lobby governments in less economically developed areas or countries to maintain lax regulation in order to protect

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is an issue, for example, over 732 million Indians (56% of the population) and over 92 million Ethiopians (92.9% of the population) do not have access to basic

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Maji, Kamal Jyoti; Arora, Mohit; Dikshit, Anil Kumar (1 April 2017). "Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China".

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Trejos, Erika M.; Silva, Luis F. O.; Hower, James C.; Flores, Eriko M. M.; González, Carlos Mario; Pachón, Jorge E.; Aristizábal, Beatriz H. (1 March 2021).

2217: 1587:, are also a significant source of air pollution. Wildfire smoke contains significant quantities of both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, which can cause 3654: 9621: 4440: 3911: 3266:. It and other garbage patches contain debris that can trsonport invasive species and that can entangle and be ingested by wildlife. Organizations such as 2975:

It was the Industrial Revolution that gave birth to environmental pollution as we know it today. London also recorded one of the earlier extreme cases of

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that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light).

10172: 10036: 10026: 9644: 6243:"Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety" 3820: 1801:

like coal and oil needs to occur within decades, according to the final report this year from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

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Air pollution would continue to be a problem in England, especially later during the industrial revolution, and extending into the recent past with the

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Data sources: Markandya & Wilkinson (2007); UNSCEAR (2008; 2018); Sovacool et al. (2016); IPCC AR5 (2014); Pehl et al. (2017); Ember Energy (2021).

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Li, Teng; Liu, Haoming; Salvo, Alberto (29 May 2015). "Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity". Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.

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if measured by each additional unit. In 2005 pollution abatement capital expenditures and operating costs in the US amounted to nearly $ 27 billion.

10270: 9669: 9664: 7358:– tracks how much waste US companies release into the water and air. Gives permits for releasing specific quantities of these pollutants each year. 6708: 6658: 1743:

accidents occur, some pollution sources, such as nuclear power stations or oil ships, can create extensive and potentially catastrophic emissions.

10162: 9747: 8703: 4825: 4381: 2320:, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the 2196:

Because many of pollutants have trans-boundary impacts, the UN and other treaty bodies have been used to regulate pollutants that circulate as

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Hong, Sungmin; et al. (1996). "History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice".

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Other cities followed around the country until early in the 20th century, when the short lived Office of Air Pollution was created under the

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impose health and clean-up costs on the whole of society. A manufacturing activity that causes air pollution is an example of a negative

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could be developed and enforced to control pollution. A review concluded that there is a lack of attention and action such as work on a

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The burning of coal and wood, and the presence of many horses in concentrated areas made the cities the primary sources of pollution.

10120: 10046: 9719: 8987: 6029: 5146:"Nationwide and Regional PM2.5-Related Air Quality Health Benefits From the Removal of Energy-Related Emissions in the United States" 1794: 4199:

Ahmed, Jebin; Thakur, Abhijeet; Goyal, Arun (2021), Shah, Maulin P (ed.), "CHAPTER 1. Industrial Wastewater and Its Toxic Effects",

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Pollution began to draw major public attention in the United States between the mid-1950s and early 1970s, when Congress passed the

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are generated each year. The United States alone produces about 250 million metric tons. Americans constitute less than 5% of the

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Dr A. Shadwell (Industrial Efficiency, London, 1906) describes it as representing "the most complete application of science.... "

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era. Pollution endangers the stability of the Earth's support systems and threatens the continuing survival of human societies."

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far exceeded viability of neighborhoods to handle their waste problem. Reformers began to demand sewer systems and clean water.

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world of mostly free market dominated socioeconomic systems. Chemically polluted textile wastewater degrades the quality of the

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unbelievably primitive....As a metropolis, Berlin did not emerge from a state of barbarism into civilization until after 1870.

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pose a lingering specter of public mistrust. Worldwide publicity has been intense on those disasters. Widespread support for

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Although environmental pollution can be caused by natural events, the word pollution generally implies that the contaminants

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appears to be a key turning point in the creation of significant air pollution levels outside the home. Core samples of

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is maximized. This is because consumers derive utility from the good or service manufactured, which will outweigh the

2782:, beyond being a major driver of climate change whereby greenhouse gases are considered per se as a form of pollution 11779: 11490: 11016: 10599: 10374: 10202: 10187: 9413: 9085: 9048: 8992: 8644: 8391: 8277: 7771: 7766: 6343:

Nimkar, Ullhas (1 February 2018). "Sustainable chemistry: A solution to the textile industry in a developing world".

4833: 3331: 3104: 814: 719: 27: 6380:"Pollution characteristics and fate of microfibers in the wastewater from textile dyeing wastewater treatment plant" 1875: 9167: 8997: 8571: 7341: 1736: 6722:

Lelieveld, Jos; Pozzer, Andrea; Pöschl, Ulrich; Fnais, Mohammed; Haines, Andy; Münzel, Thomas (1 September 2020).

4102: 11133: 10761: 10738: 10129: 10110: 9973: 9562: 9496: 9013: 8317: 8054: 7444: 7373: 7364:– Top 20 pollutants, how they affect people, what US industries use them and the products in which they are found 7021: 3487: 3440: 3289: 2779: 2545: 2520: 1958:

have been shown to cause neurological problems, intellectual disabilities and behavioural problems. Chemical and

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Growing evidence of local and global pollution and an increasingly informed public over time have given rise to

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Outdoor air pollution attributable to fossil fuel use alone causes ~3.61 million deaths annually, making it one

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says that the meat and dairy industries are poised to surpass the oil industry as the world's worst polluters.

1728: 1706: 1341: 1215: 7313: 1084:, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. 11600: 11240: 11011: 10125: 9772: 8977: 8652: 8627: 7932: 7317: 5352: 5062:"Health and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019" 4862: 3789: 3492: 3150: 3096: 2937: 1869: 1696: 1641:, and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions. Principal stationary pollution sources include 1247: 994: 444: 11670: 5202:"Particulate pollution from coal associated with double the risk of mortality than PM2.5 from other sources" 3133:

on consumption of its fish in 1974. National news stories in the late 1970s – especially the long-term

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of pollution until a certain point. At this point the damage of one extra unit of pollution to society, the

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to commit to achieving zero discharges of hazardous chemicals by 2020 (global goal) appears to have failed.

1950:. Those with heart or lung disorders are at additional risk. Children and infants are also at serious risk. 11105: 10832: 10364: 10359: 8103: 7852: 7832: 7584: 7110:

Lenssen, "Nuclear Waste: The Problem that Won't Go Away", Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C., 1991: 15.

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and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste.

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change in natural water bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power plant.

1472: 1151: 532: 384: 359: 154: 6159:"A review on the sustainability of textile industries wastewater with and without treatment methodologies" 6111:

Niinimäki, Kirsi; Peters, Greg; Dahlbo, Helena; Perry, Patsy; Rissanen, Timo; Gwilt, Alison (April 2020).

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Beychok, Milton R. (January 1987). "A data base for dioxin and furan emissions from refuse incinerators".

3079:. Awareness of atmospheric pollution spread widely after World War II, with fears triggered by reports of 3032:

The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal gave rise to unprecedented

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This model can be used as a basis to evaluate different methods of internalizing the externality, such as

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World Resources Institute: August 2008 Monthly Update: Air Pollution's Causes, Consequences and Solutions

3259: 3181: 2498: 1994: 1492: 1391:: the criminal throwing of inappropriate man-made objects, unremoved, onto public and private properties. 643: 394: 11738: 6530:

Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (25 March 2019).

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and has been identified in one review as the industry sector producing the largest amount of pollution.

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and the Algalita Marine Research Foundation have researched the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and found

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a marvel of civic administration, the most modern and most perfectly organized city that there is."

2208:. Early international agreements were successful at addressing Global Environmental issues, such as 11282: 10981: 10693: 10589: 9323: 9112: 8906: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8334: 7857: 7798: 7709: 7337: 7203: 5724:"Low-cost air, noise, and light pollution measuring station with wireless communication and tinyML" 5722:

Botero-Valencia, J.S.; Barrantes-Toro, C.; Marquez-Viloria, D.; Pearce, Joshua M. (December 2023).

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Englande, A.J.; Krenkel, Peter; Shamas, J. (2015), "Wastewater Treatment &Water Reclamation☆",

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Acute exposure to certain pollutants can have short and long term effects. Oil spills can cause

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occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant

1219: 1209:. A 2022 literature review found that levels of anthropogenic chemical pollution have exceeded 1108: 1104: 937: 424: 9613: 6779:

Spengler, John D.; Sexton, K. A. (1983). "Indoor Air Pollution: A Public Health Perspective".

6532:"Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate" 5541: 4021: 1815: 1258:

Various definitions of pollution exist, which may or may not recognize certain types, such as

1150:

in the later half of the 20th century. Sites where historically polluting industries released

11533: 11317: 10852: 10753: 10646: 10495: 10297: 9501: 9365: 9204: 8840: 8712: 8475: 8307: 8183: 8091: 7781: 7674: 7474: 6990: 6085:"Meat and dairy companies to surpass oil industry as world's biggest polluters, report finds" 5549: 5338: 4580: 3522: 3457: 2756: 2741: 2645: 2635: 2483: 2371: 2351: 2084: 1681: 1508: 907: 749: 615: 527: 224: 7072: 6962:. Vol. 03 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 785–791, see page 786. 6870: 5773:"Low cost air pollution monitoring systems: A review of protocols and enabling technologies" 5578:"The Effect of Pollution on Worker Productivity: Evidence from Call Center Workers in China" 4848:(graph on Mongabay website page based on Energy Information Administration's tabulated data) 1827: 11508: 11292: 11157: 11123: 11071: 10896: 10891: 10837: 10793: 10683: 10621: 10510: 10505: 9531: 9486: 9454: 9449: 9375: 9350: 9306: 8828: 8813: 8808: 8282: 7937: 7633: 7355: 7253: 7129: 6835: 6790: 6545: 5688: 5676: 5436:"Does Pollution Drive Achievement? The Effect of Traffic Pollution on Academic Performance" 5228: 5157: 5057: 5006: 4723: 4271: 3863: 3736: 3683: 3562: 3326: 3316: 3311: 3173: 3069: 2940:

indicate increases in pollution associated with Greek, Roman, and Chinese metal production.

2628: 2604: 2537: 2258: 2187: 2175: 2171: 2011: 1900: 1278: 1231: 1210: 1202: 449: 182: 5378: 5144:

Mailloux, Nicholas A.; Abel, David W.; Holloway, Tracey; Patz, Jonathan A. (16 May 2022).

4845: 8: 11721: 11518: 11513: 11287: 11086: 11076: 10911: 10520: 10354: 9602: 9380: 9211: 9162: 9105: 8901: 8726: 8349: 8287: 8254: 8193: 8125: 7990: 7985: 7963: 7537: 6504: 3146: 3080: 2952: 2466: 2051: 1990: 1923: 1853: 1787: 1132: 1077: 784: 729: 694: 620: 547: 497: 492: 477: 134: 7257: 7133: 6839: 6794: 6549: 6055: 5748: 5723: 5692: 5161: 5010: 4727: 4275: 3867: 3627:

Gaur, Nidhi; Sharma, Swati; Yadav, Nitin (2024). "Chapter 2 - Environmental pollution".

11774: 11628: 11140: 10723: 10572: 10085: 9914: 9506: 9444: 9232: 9221: 9199: 9194: 9183: 9073: 8956: 8662: 8623: 8556: 8531: 8526: 8344: 8221: 8015: 7887: 7651: 7522: 7449: 7386: 7282: 7243: 7229: 7145: 6851: 6756: 6723: 6702: 6652: 6581: 6568: 6531: 6461: 6417: 6325: 6273: 6196: 5657: 5629: 5610: 5513: 5480: 5461: 5416: 5178: 5145: 5094: 5038: 4975: 4805: 4749: 4307: 4185: 4166: 3981: 3884: 3851: 3717: 3636: 3417: 3263: 3207: 3085: 3076: 2404: 2325: 2205: 2108: 1666: 1426: 1317: 1179: 1018: 779: 655: 417: 199: 139: 109: 56: 6948: 5630:"Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity: Evidence from Industrial Towns in China" 5249: 5232: 5077: 4360: 3757: 3740: 3704: 3687: 3601: 11302: 11297: 11225: 11174: 10948: 10928: 10916: 10876: 10847: 10815: 10733: 10626: 10594: 10490: 9481: 9355: 9248: 9157: 9068: 8916: 8551: 8411: 8231: 8140: 8108: 8025: 7978: 7905: 7877: 7646: 7641: 7439: 7287: 7269: 7149: 6996: 6855: 6826: 6806: 6781: 6761: 6743: 6690: 6680: 6640: 6630: 6573: 6465: 6453: 6409: 6401: 6360: 6317: 6309: 6277: 6265: 6188: 6180: 6132: 5986: 5976: 5953: 5943: 5817: 5792: 5753: 5704: 5649: 5602: 5537: 5518: 5500: 5465: 5420: 5408: 5262: 5254: 5183: 5099: 5081: 5030: 5022: 4809: 4797: 4735: 4595: 4505: 4495: 4434: 4311: 4299: 4214: 4170: 3967: 3889: 3770: 3762: 3721: 3709: 3542: 3398: 3092: 2992: 2914: 2884: 2733: 2675: 2655: 2359: 2305: 2209: 2183: 2179: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1611:

use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of

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long after the source of the pollution is stopped. Major forms of pollution include

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Ranking of the world's countries by 2008 per capita fossil-fuel CO2 emission rates.

4289: 4279: 4204: 4180: 4162: 4137: 3879: 3871: 3752: 3699: 3632: 3467: 3306: 3281: 3025: 2900: 2838: 2755:

A campaign of big clothing brands like Nike, Adidas and Puma to voluntarily reform

2725: 2660: 2583: 2526: 2515: 2444: 2329: 2270: 2072: 2021: 1865: 1612: 1584: 1562: 1488: 1430: 1406: 1325: 1195: 1155: 1100: 927: 824: 764: 650: 603: 552: 512: 487: 472: 454: 429: 369: 254: 204: 6378:

Xu, Xia; Hou, Qingtong; Xue, Yingang; Jian, Yun; Wang, LiPing (20 November 2018).

5721: 4921: 4893:

Submitted by Matt Kallman on Wed, 20 August 2008 18:22. Retrieved on 17 April 2009

4615: 4463: 1868:. A 2010 analysis estimated that 1.2 million people died prematurely each year in 11528: 11230: 11033: 11026: 10961: 10901: 10783: 10773: 10703: 10676: 10661: 10616: 10606: 10557: 10239: 9998: 9567: 9328: 8880: 8801: 8731: 8359: 8269: 8235: 8120: 8074: 8000: 7927: 7847: 7750: 7692: 7547: 6847: 6089: 5811: 4928: 4909: 4890: 4829: 4676: 4591: 4542: 4385: 3605: 3552: 3449: 3252: 3230: 3187: 3100: 3045: 2740:. The pollution comes from the type of conduct of chemical treatments used e.g., 2737: 2670: 2571: 2363: 2317: 2237: 2201: 1892: 1888: 1880:

The number dropped by about 95% by 2020, as coal plants have been closed or have

1677: 1394: 1374: 1309: 1259: 1191: 1171: 1163: 712: 672: 542: 507: 439: 379: 307: 244: 144: 8776: 7093:

Judith A. Layzer, "Love Canal: hazardous waste and politics of fear" in Layzer,

6356: 6157:

Pattnaik, Punyasloka; Dangayach, G. S.; Bhardwaj, Awadhesh Kumar (1 June 2018).

5061: 4669: 4209: 4142: 3024:

The primitive conditions were intolerable for a world national capital, and the

2240:

monitor pollution with an expanding list of low-cost pollution monitoring tools.

1541:

Air pollution produced by ships may alter clouds, affecting global temperatures.

1423:

in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, or humans.

1214:

political power. This outsized impact is a core reason for the formation of the

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

6449: 6261: 5837: 4352: 3852:"Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities" 3547: 3517: 3472: 3403: 3363: 3235: 3142: 2865: 2578: 2532: 2456: 2451: 2286: 2225: 2129: 2125: 2104: 2090: 2066: 2062: 2047: 1951: 1819: 1783: 1779: 1685: 1670: 1642: 1550: 1520: 1464: 1402: 1321: 1313: 1286: 1272: 1263: 1030: 834: 734: 689: 682: 677: 434: 129: 6305: 6128: 5788: 5739: 5377:

Herrnstadt, Evan; Heyes, Anthony; Muehlegger, Erich; Saberian, Soodeh (2021).

5018: 4883: 4792: 4325: 4284: 4259: 3821:"Global pollution kills 9m a year and threatens 'survival of human societies'" 3176:

as the "most polluted spot" on earth – served as a disposal site for the

2851:

In markets with pollution, or other negative externalities in production, the

1832: 1595:

are found within wildfire smoke as well, which pose a health risk to animals.

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Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil–Water Separators

5796: 5708: 5653: 5606: 5504: 5412: 5258: 5085: 5026: 4801: 4303: 4114: 3766: 3650: 3572: 3462: 3374: 3271: 3199: 3195: 3169: 3158: 3033: 2976: 2910: 2876: 2834: 2749: 2680: 2650: 2608: 2595: 2429: 2274: 2197: 2029: 1836:

Overview of main health effects on humans from some common types of pollution

1748: 1658: 1654: 1468: 1420: 1398: 1301: 1206: 1159: 1128: 1092: 1013: 849: 339: 334: 329: 87: 7323: 6895: 6802: 6644: 6558: 6175: 6158: 5379:"Air Pollution and Criminal Activity: Microgeographic Evidence from Chicago" 3875: 3168:, which can remain lethally radioactive for hundreds of thousands of years. 3153:

legislation of 1980. The pollution of industrial land gave rise to the name

2381:

aiming to reduce pollution was agreed during an international conference in

2114:

Soil can become infertile and unsuitable for plants. This will affect other

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and haze can reduce the amount of sunlight received by plants to carry out

2076: 2025: 1970: 1919: 1842: 1798: 1650: 1646: 1592: 1512: 1504: 1438: 1382: 1367: 1305: 1294: 1223: 1096: 882: 844: 829: 660: 625: 570: 289: 149: 11704: 7164:

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments

6810: 6739: 4922:

Pennsylvania State University > Potential Health Effects of Pesticides.

2956: 2273:, decomposes hazard gases from industrial air streams at a factory in the 11538: 11235: 10933: 10842: 10805: 9813: 9243: 8384: 8379: 8064: 8059: 8030: 7995: 7968: 7498: 7017: 6600:"18.1 Maximizing the Net Benefits of Pollution | Principles of Economics" 6396: 6379: 5645: 5597: 5576:

Neidell, Matthew; Gross, Tal; Graff Zivin, Joshua; Chang, Tom Y. (2019).

5394: 5169: 4912:

By Patricia L. Meinhardt, MD, MPH, MA, Author. Retrieved on 16 April 2009

3537: 3222: 3058: 2980: 2964: 2852: 2830: 2765: 2599: 2503: 2254: 2080: 2034: 1959: 1955: 1849: 1608: 1588: 1558: 1482: 1434: 1337: 1239: 1073: 804: 502: 482: 119: 8681: 5577: 5403: 4260:"Volcanic emissions and atmospheric pollution: A study of nanoparticles" 4234:"Volcanic gases can be harmful to health, vegetation and infrastructure" 3937:"Targeting minority, low-income neighborhoods for hazardous waste sites" 3068:. Extreme smog events were experienced by the cities of Los Angeles and 2281: 2228:

in 1997 which initiated collaboration on addressing greenhouse gases to

1293:

The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular

1142:

during the 19th and 20th centuries until the emergence of environmental

11164: 10886: 10057: 9128: 8561: 8178: 7493: 7486: 7469: 7454: 7361: 6227: 5456: 5317: 5310:"Over 1,500 lives lost to diarrhoea in 2013, delay in treatment blamed" 4456:"Top 20 Emitting Countries by Total Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions for 2009" 3912:"Chemical pollution has passed safe limit for humanity, say scientists" 3655:"Pollution killing 9 million people a year, Africa hardest hit - study" 3477: 3387: 3154: 3138: 3110: 3041: 2880: 2439: 2434: 2265: 2094: 1963: 1911: 1904: 1450: 1446: 1345: 1243: 1143: 854: 610: 114: 6988: 5700: 4294: 2716: 1669:

factories, metals production factories, plastics factories, and other

11262: 11081: 10532: 9298: 8926: 8796: 8756: 8751: 8490: 8442: 8416: 8364: 8198: 8160: 7910: 7900: 7572: 7434: 4947: 4776:"Pervasive Pollution Problems Caused by Plastics and its Degradation" 4405: 4356: 3527: 2745: 2555: 2394: 2355: 2309: 2133: 1943: 1881: 1852:

can kill many organisms, including humans. Ozone pollution can cause

1554: 1388: 1081: 922: 877: 839: 789: 724: 630: 94: 11755: 5435: 5116: 2816:

A visual comparison of the free market and socially optimal outcomes

2010:

found that levels of anthropogenic chemical pollution have exceeded

11128: 10881: 10515: 10485: 9808: 9370: 9293: 9254: 8135: 8079: 7740: 7589: 7557: 7349:– manages Superfund sites and the pollutants in them (CERCLA). Map 7248: 7098: 5447: 3602:"Pollution – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary" 3226: 3191: 3007: 2764:

The textile industry also creates a lot of pollution that leads to

2665: 2478: 2290: 2119: 2115: 1723: 1711: 1580: 1500: 294: 5862: 5813:

Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Systems Engineering Approach

3962:

Schlosberg, David (2002). Light, Andrew; De-Shalit, Avner (eds.).

2855:

equilibrium will not account for the costs of pollution on society

10800: 8865: 8860: 8791: 8736: 8096: 7599: 7577: 7464: 7459: 6529: 6480:"Destination Zero: seven years of Detoxing the clothing industry" 5376: 5226: 3734: 3681: 3409:

List of least polluted cities by particulate matter concentration

3267: 3184:, Russia, is considered the "Most polluted place on the planet". 3037: 2933: 2826: 2805: 2417: 1566: 1546: 1112: 74: 10440: 10260:

Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies

7346: 5838:"New UN framework to protect environment from harmful chemicals" 4509: 1699:

overtook the United States as the world's biggest producer of CO

11095: 10154: 9643: 9275: 8500: 8480: 8374: 8049: 7542: 6629:. Turner, R. Kerry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 6505:"Greenpeace Calls Out Nike, Adidas and Puma for Toxic Clothing" 6434: 5055: 4903:

waterhealthconnection.org Overview of Waterborne Disease Trends

4389: 4008:

Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature

3677: 3675: 3482: 3115: 3050: 2999: 2960: 2872: 2860: 2685: 2641: 2367: 2343: 2294: 2144: 1966: 1896: 1861: 1557:, sulfur dioxides, which are harmful to animals and damage the 1167: 1147: 932: 912: 819: 809: 517: 46: 42: 26:"Environmental pollution" redirects here. For the journal, see 6240: 2249: 11646: 11257: 9097: 8510: 8452: 7793: 7725: 7623: 7515: 6947: 3121:

Severe incidents of pollution helped increase consciousness.

2913:

has always accompanied civilizations. Pollution started from

2696: 2399: 2313: 2000:

Pollution has been found to be present widely in the natural

1715: 1692: 1545:

One of the most significant natural sources of pollution are

1410: 1329: 942: 887: 279: 7378: 6679:. Wells, Robin. (3rd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. 5575: 4421:. 11 April 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2007 4159:

Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences

3672: 2097:

land which can change the species composition of ecosystems.

2054:, the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans as CO 1111:(coming from a highly concentrated specific site, such as a 11383:

Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

11189: 8485: 7606: 7594: 7510: 7374:

Nieman Reports | Tracking Toxics When the Data Are Polluted

7043:

A Climate of Crisis: America in the Age of Environmentalism

6977:

A Climate of Crisis: America in the Age of Environmentalism

5897:

Freshwater Pollution Costs US At Least $ 4.3 Billion A Year

3243: 3054: 2926: 2918: 2742:

in pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations

2382: 2328:

are more desirable than pollution control. In the field of

2221: 2100: 1915: 1570: 1333: 1282: 917: 164: 159: 124: 7204:"Research ship finds the world's oceans are 'plasticized'" 6992:

City, Country, Empire: Landscapes in Environmental History

6721: 6110: 5434:

Heissel, Jennifer; Persico, Claudia; Simon, David (2019).

4859:"Global Warming Can Be Stopped, World Climate Experts Say" 4780:

International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering

4690:"Environmental Pollution | Chemistry Science Fair Project" 3629:

Green Chemistry Approaches to Environmental Sustainability

2720:

Indigo color water pollution in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2005

2594:

Pollution has a cost. Manufacturing activities that cause

2529:(Secondary treatment; also used for industrial wastewater) 2079:. Invasive plants can contribute debris and biomolecules ( 2032:, becoming exponentially more concentrated in the process. 7227: 6156: 6030:"Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures: 2005 Survey" 5677:"Atmospheric Pollution: History, Science, and Regulation" 5479:

Zivin, Joshua Graff; Neidell, Matthew (1 December 2012).

5350: 3198:

has also been a prohibitive complication associated with

3072:, in the late 1940s, serving as another public reminder. 2347: 2324:. In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and 1790:, and the possible effects of this on marine ecosystems. 1091:– that is, a source created by human activities, such as 38: 7230:"The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness" 5143: 4203:, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 1–14, 3255:

after only a relatively brief period of widespread use.

3242:(POP) has come to describe a group of chemicals such as 3218:

has ended almost all nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

2607:

is involved. If there are external benefits, such as in

2312:

into air, water or soil. Without pollution control, the

6290: 6213: 5915:

The human cost of China's untold soil pollution problem

5117:

David; Michael; Caroline, Mindy; Neil Franklin; Vikas.

3966:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. p. 79. 3964:

Moral and Political Reasoning in Environmental Practice

2137: 1308:

into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include

1127:(coming from a widespread distributed sources, such as 9492:

International Conference on Population and Development

5281:"Out of Order – The State of the World's Toilets 2017" 5056:

Pandey, Anamika; Brauer, Michael; Cropper, Maureen L;

4491:

Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants

4345: 4257: 3352:

Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act

2374:

intervention, influence research, and guide funding".

2178:. Different jurisdictions often have different levels 16:

Introduction of contaminants that cause adverse change

11612: 10277:

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

7368:

Chelyabinsk: The Most Contaminated Spot on the Planet

7320:. Reports and studies on how pollutants affect people 6472: 5809: 4971:"Air Pollution Linked to 1.2 Million Deaths in China" 4361:"What are the safest and cleanest sources of energy?" 4156: 2218:

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

2014:

and now threaten entire ecosystems around the world.

1982:

the productivity of both indoor and outdoor workers.

1234:, while international efforts are coordinated by the 3221:

International catastrophes such as the wreck of the

1946:

symptoms. Older people are significantly exposed to

1419:: involves the accumulation of plastic products and 1138:

Many sources of pollution were unregulated parts of

6918:

Dirty Old London: The Victorian Fight Against Filth

6715: 5975:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 5970: 5433: 2841:of consuming one more unit of the good or service. 1201:Pollution has widespread consequences on human and 10198:Health expenditure by country by type of financing 6995:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 44–49. 6627:Economics of natural resources and the environment 6345:Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 5137: 4713: 4487: 6989:Jeffry M. Diefendorf; Kurkpatrick Dorsey (2009). 5628:Salvo, Alberto; Liu, Haoming; He, Jiaxiu (2019). 5339:As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes 2773: 1710:An industrial area, with a power plant, south of 11766: 10271:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 7362:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 5481:"The Impact of Pollution on Worker Productivity" 4996: 4439:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4198: 1622:are one of the leading causes of air pollution. 3626: 10265:Programme for International Student Assessment 6868: 6778: 5803: 5194: 4545:". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. 3164:The development of nuclear science introduced 2991:soon afterward. Pollution issues escalated as 2143:Organic pollution of watercourses can deplete 1491:, which can refer to the presence of overhead 10456: 9629: 9113: 8697: 7394: 7334:United States Environmental Protection Agency 6875:United States Environmental Protection Agency 6438:Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6250:Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6005:"Abatement and Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC)" 5881:The staggering economic cost of air pollution 5870:(1st ed.). American Petroleum Institute. 5777:Journal of Industrial Information Integration 4861:. News.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from 4774:Hassan, Sidra; Haq, Ihsan ul (27 June 2019). 4134:Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4128:Aboyeji, Oyebanji Oluseun (1 December 2013). 3393:Atmospheric chemistry observational databases 2921:. According to a 1983 article in the journal 2785: 2336:is a similar technique for the prevention of 1050: 10168:Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza 7370:Documentary Film by Slawomir Grünberg (1996) 6707:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6657:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6377: 5942:(4th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. 5810:Ni-Bin Chang; Ana Pires (18 February 2015). 5634:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5585:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5478: 5383:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5351:World Health Organisation (31 August 2022). 4999:Environmental Science and Pollution Research 4402:State of the Environment, Issue: Air Quality 4351: 3814: 3812: 2253:A litter trap catches floating waste in the 2151: 1463:, resulting from 20th century activities in 9517:United Nations world population conferences 7055:1952: London fog clears after days of chaos 5770: 5674: 4019: 3790:"Pollution killed 9 million people in 2015" 2868:because it "does not maximize efficiency". 2024:describes situations where toxins (such as 1754: 11418:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 10463: 10449: 10213:Total healthcare spending as % of GDP 10193:Percentage suffering from undernourishment 9636: 9622: 9430:Population and housing censuses by country 9120: 9106: 8704: 8690: 7401: 7387: 7066: 6862: 6625:William), Pearce, David W. (David (1990). 5771:Idrees, Zeba; Zheng, Lirong (2020-03-01). 5627: 5535: 4483: 4481: 4000: 3961: 3909: 3818: 3431:List of solid waste treatment technologies 2987:of 1858, which led to construction of the 2693:Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy 1873:over 50,000. A study published in 2022 in 1775:Source: Energy Information Administration. 1057: 1043: 73: 11378:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 11368:Center for Disease Control and Prevention 8711: 7326:– NIH databases and reports on toxicology 7281: 7247: 6755: 6567: 6557: 6395: 6174: 6113:"The environmental price of fast fashion" 6082: 5937: 5747: 5596: 5512: 5455: 5402: 5248: 5233:"Pollution and health: a progress update" 5177: 5093: 4791: 4773: 4293: 4283: 4208: 4184: 4141: 3883: 3809: 3756: 3741:"Pollution and health: a progress update" 3703: 3688:"Pollution and health: a progress update" 2793: 2269:Air pollution control system, known as a 2075:can outcompete native species and reduce 1976: 1795:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 1684:, but produce roughly 25% of the world's 1344:, or fine dust is characterized by their 10316:Official Development Assistance received 9153:Estimates of historical world population 7119: 7104: 7071:. The Environmental Blog. Archived from 7015: 6942: 6624: 6523: 5121:. Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from 4940: 4653:China overtakes US as world's biggest CO 4161:, Elsevier: B978-0-12-409548-9.09508-7, 3109: 3019: 2942: 2905: 2811: 2715: 2280: 2264: 2248: 2033: 1989: 1831: 1788:increases in the acidity of ocean waters 1764: 1705: 1602: 1531: 1277: 1253: 1218:, and continues to be a core element of 37: 11423:Health departments in the United States 8542:Pollutant release and transfer register 7060: 7009: 6294:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 6065:. Pure Earth, Green Cross Switzerland. 6056:"2016 World's Worst Pollution Problems" 5307: 4494:(1st ed.). John Wiley & Sons. 4478: 4127: 4020:Environment, U. N. (21 February 2020). 3849: 3337:Pollutant release and transfer register 2728:is one of the largest polluters in the 2017:There are a number of effects of this: 1661:disposal activity, incinerators, large 1268:Environmental Protection Administration 11767: 11428:Council on Education for Public Health 10288:World Intellectual Property Indicators 6888: 6342: 6117:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 6072:from the original on 23 February 2024. 5816:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 209. 5341:". The New York Times. 26 August 2007. 5227:Fuller, Richard; Landrigan, Philip J; 4585:maps zoom in on greenhouse gas sources 4453: 3910:Carrington, Damian (18 January 2022). 3856:Environmental Science & Technology 3819:Carrington, Damian (20 October 2017). 3735:Fuller, Richard; Landrigan, Philip J; 3682:Fuller, Richard; Landrigan, Philip J; 3649: 3262:is a concentration of plastics in the 2837:of pollution, is exactly equal to the 2780:of the top contributors to human death 2622: 2159:Regulation and monitoring of pollution 2069:which affects ecosystems in many ways. 2007:Environmental Science & Technology 11486:Professional degrees of public health 11393:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 10444: 10178:Infant and under-five mortality rates 9617: 9101: 8685: 7382: 7201: 7016:Fleming, James R.; Knorr, Bethany R. 6670: 6668: 5933: 5931: 5929: 4832:(Table 1, Report DOE/EIA-0573, 2004, 4379:Environmental Performance Report 2001 4367:from the original on 15 January 2024. 4113:. Concerns about MTBE. Archived from 2093:are removed from the air by rain and 1891:caused 1.4 million premature deaths. 1615:(rectangles barely visible in chart). 11653: 11583: 11476:Bachelor of Science in Public Health 9586: 9056: 8632: 7873:Electromagnetic radiation and health 6823: 5440:National Bureau of Economic Research 4968: 3905: 3903: 3845: 3843: 3787: 3533:Electromagnetic radiation and health 3010:system was built in the late 1870s: 3006:recalled conditions before a modern 2998:In 1870, the sanitary conditions in 2300:Pollution control is a term used in 2147:levels and reduce species diversity. 1816:Soil pollution § Health effects 1691:, and generate approximately 30% of 1232:environmental agencies or ministries 11595: 10744:Workers' right to access the toilet 10585:Human right to water and sanitation 10390:Number of billionaires (US dollars) 10385:Number of millionaires (US dollars) 10208:Total health expenditure per capita 10091:Ethnic and cultural diversity level 9522:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement 9080: 8648: 8640: 7731:Radium and radon in the environment 5675:Oppenheimer, Michael (2003-10-01). 4642:. 31 August 2006. The Boston Globe. 3955: 3850:Persson, Linn; et al. (2022). 2702: 2567:Powdered activated carbon treatment 1828:Air pollution § Health effects 1727:also been some unusual releases of 1665:(dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.), 1598: 1583:, which can be caused naturally by 1553:, hydrogen halides which can cause 1336:are created as nitrogen oxides and 1246:is an important part of all of the 285:Radium and radon in the environment 13: 9928:Past and future population density 6674: 6665: 5926: 5864:American Petroleum Institute (API) 4941:Stanglin, Doug (20 October 2017). 4640:Alarm sounds on US population boom 4556:"Solid Waste – The Ultimate Guide" 4167:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09508-7 3637:10.1016/B978-0-443-18959-3.00010-0 3436:List of waste management companies 3141:starting in 1947 and uncontrolled 2897:History of environmental pollution 1824:List of pollution-related diseases 1793:In February 2007, a report by the 1773:emissions by country (as of 2005). 1328:and motor vehicles. Photochemical 14: 11791: 11017:Commercial determinants of health 10470: 9414:Population and Development Review 7342:Superfund Basic Research Programs 7302: 7122:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 6871:"London's Historic "Pea-Soupers"" 5297:from the original on Dec 7, 2023. 4834:Energy Information Administration 3900: 3840: 3395:– links to freely available data. 3332:Neuroplastic effects of pollution 3105:National Environmental Policy Act 2955:of England banned the burning of 2710:Chemical waste § Textile industry 1948:diseases induced by air pollution 1676:About 400 million metric tons of 1527: 11747: 11730: 11713: 11696: 11679: 11662: 11634: 11622: 11594: 11582: 11571: 11570: 10600:National public health institute 10348:planetary pressures–adjusted HDI 9598: 9597: 9585: 9462:Population concern organizations 9168:Projections of population growth 9079: 9067: 9055: 9037: 9036: 8775: 8666: 8656: 8647: 8639: 8631: 8619: 8618: 7221: 7195: 7169: 7156: 7113: 7087: 7048: 7035: 6982: 6969: 6936: 6923: 6216:Environmental Quality Management 6083:Gabbatiss, Josh (18 July 2018). 5940:Public finance and public policy 5923:, Monday 30 June 2014 11.53 EDT 4659:". Guardian.co.uk. 19 June 2007. 4454:Laboratory, Oak Ridge National. 4022:"A Global response to Pollution" 3788:Beil, Laura (15 November 2017). 3288:, which generally seek to limit 3180:throughout the 1950s and 1960s. 3002:were among the worst in Europe. 2708:This section is an excerpt from 2157:This section is an excerpt from 1107:. Pollution is often classed as 1024: 1012: 10997:Open-source healthcare software 10739:Sociology of health and illness 9563:Human impact on the environment 9497:Population Action International 9014:Human impact on the environment 7445:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 7022:American Meteorological Society 6910: 6817: 6772: 6618: 6592: 6497: 6428: 6371: 6336: 6284: 6234: 6207: 6163:Reviews on Environmental Health 6150: 6104: 6076: 6048: 6022: 5997: 5964: 5908: 5890: 5874: 5856: 5830: 5764: 5715: 5668: 5621: 5569: 5529: 5472: 5427: 5370: 5344: 5331: 5308:Isalkar, Umesh (29 July 2014). 5301: 5273: 5220: 5110: 5049: 4990: 4962: 4934: 4915: 4896: 4877: 4851: 4839: 4816: 4767: 4742: 4707: 4682: 4662: 4645: 4633: 4601: 4573: 4548: 4528: 4516: 4447: 4411: 4395: 4372: 4318: 4251: 4226: 4192: 4150: 4121: 4095: 4069: 4039: 4013: 3929: 3441:List of waste management topics 3290:human impact on the environment 2970: 2546:Industrial wastewater treatment 2107:and leads to the production of 1893:Contamination of drinking water 1809: 1304:: the release of chemicals and 105:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 11358:Caribbean Public Health Agency 11170:Sexually transmitted infection 11067:Statistical hypothesis testing 10828:Occupational safety and health 10729:Sexual and reproductive health 10642:Occupational safety and health 10424:List of international rankings 10250:International Innovation Index 10173:HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate 9512:United Nations Population Fund 9127: 8922:Public transport encouragement 7018:"History of the Clean Air Act" 6869:David Urbinato (Summer 1994). 4846:Carbon dioxide emissions chart 4823:World Carbon Dioxide Emissions 3781: 3728: 3643: 3620: 3594: 3322:Hazardous Substances Data Bank 3190:continued to be tested in the 2804:Society derives some indirect 2800:Right to a healthy environment 2774:Fossil fuel related industries 2304:. It refers to the control of 1985: 1864:inflammation, chest pain, and 1729:polychlorinated dibenzodioxins 1216:environmental justice movement 974:Least polluted cities by PM2.5 1: 11012:Social determinants of health 10283:Tertiary education attainment 7933:Electrical resistance heating 7408: 7318:National Institutes of Health 5250:10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00090-0 5078:10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30298-9 4969:Wong, Edward (1 April 2013). 4238:United States Geologic Survey 3758:10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00090-0 3705:10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0 3587: 3493:Wastewater quality indicators 2947:Air pollution in the US, 1973 2917:, when man created the first 2379:Global Framework on Chemicals 2214:persistent organic pollutants 2180:regulation and policy choices 1607:Deaths caused as a result of 1248:Sustainable Development Goals 445:Electrical resistance heating 11072:Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 10833:Human factors and ergonomics 10395:Percentage living in poverty 10306:Access to financial services 7585:Persistent organic pollutant 6848:10.1126/science.272.5259.246 6384:Water Science and Technology 5971:Kolstad, Charles D. (2011). 4736:10.1016/0004-6981(87)90267-8 4201:Chemistry in the Environment 4051:US EPA: System of Registries 3558:List of environmental issues 3240:persistent organic pollutant 3225:oil tanker off the coast of 2540:(also used for urban runoff) 2527:Activated sludge biotreaters 2388: 2350:and monitoring/transparency/ 2042:by jurisdiction (as of 2015) 2004:. A 2022 study published in 1473:actinides in the environment 1089:have an anthropogenic source 155:Persistent organic pollutant 79:Air pollution from a factory 7: 11253:Good manufacturing practice 11057:Randomized controlled trial 9933:Person-to-arable land ratio 9537:World Population Foundation 9527:World Population Conference 9440:World population milestones 8912:Natural resource management 8595:Least polluted cities by PM 7314:National Toxicology Program 7202:Hoare, Rose (22 May 2012). 6929:Cited in David Clay Large, 6357:10.1016/j.cogsc.2017.11.002 5237:The Lancet Planetary Health 5066:The Lancet Planetary Health 4488:Beychok, Milton R. (1967). 4210:10.1039/9781839165399-00001 4143:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n13p111 4107:Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 3941:University of Michigan News 3745:The Lancet Planetary Health 3692:The Lancet Planetary Health 3295: 3260:Great Pacific Garbage Patch 2783: 2499:Mechanically aided scrubber 2472:Electrostatic precipitators 1995:Great Pacific garbage patch 1769:Historical and projected CO 1377:: includes light trespass, 10: 11796: 11323:Theory of planned behavior 11248:Good agricultural practice 11153:Public health surveillance 11045:epidemiological statistics 10689:Public health intervention 10235:Bloomberg Innovation Index 10163:Antidepressant consumption 9835:World population estimates 9830:Past and future population 9409:Population and Environment 8537:Pollution haven hypothesis 8460:Brain health and pollution 7698:Ecological light pollution 7528:Internal combustion engine 7181:NOAA Marine Debris Program 6675:R., Krugman, Paul (2013). 6450:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105277 6262:10.1016/j.jece.2020.105012 5938:Jonathan., Gruber (2013). 4010:. Oxford University Press. 4006:Schlosberg, David. (2007) 3426:Environmental soil science 3370: 3347:Pollution haven hypothesis 3066:Department of the Interior 2894: 2890: 2797: 2707: 2423: 2244: 2156: 1918:. Noise pollution induces 1813: 1804: 1758: 1507:), open storage of trash, 1409:as well as high-intensity 1297:relevant to each of them: 25: 21:Pollution (disambiguation) 18: 11566: 11501: 11460: 11445:World Toilet Organization 11440:World Health Organization 11347: 11336: 11273: 11198: 11114: 11042: 11007:Public health informatics 10947: 10752: 10714:Right to rest and leisure 10543:Globalization and disease 10478: 10418: 10380:Share of income of top 1% 10296: 10227: 10153: 10055: 9997: 9941: 9913: 9822: 9791: 9740: 9685: 9677:Demographics of the world 9655: 9581: 9545: 9470: 9422: 9401: 9319:Human population planning 9284: 9230: 9181: 9143:Demographics of the world 9135: 9032: 9006: 8970: 8894: 8824:Environmental engineering 8784: 8773: 8719: 8616: 8570: 8519: 8468: 8435: 8340:Nonpoint source pollution 8268: 8260:War and environmental law 8207: 8169: 8151: 7951: 7886: 7823: 7749: 7718: 7683: 7667: 7632: 7619:Volatile organic compound 7425: 7416: 7309:OEHHA proposition 65 list 7166:(Diane Publishing, 2013.) 6306:10.1007/s10661-018-6569-7 6129:10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9 5789:10.1016/j.jii.2019.100123 5740:10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00477 5119:"Air Pollution – Effects" 5019:10.1007/s11356-017-8575-7 4793:10.3991/ijoe.v15i10.10873 4750:"Environmental disasters" 4331:World Health Organization 4285:10.1016/j.gsf.2020.08.013 3578:Effects of Climate Change 3238:. Most recently the term 3166:radioactive contamination 3129:resulted in a ban by the 2220:created in 2001, such as 2186:at the cost of human and 2152:Regulation and monitoring 1461:Radioactive contamination 1364:electromagnetic radiation 1360:Electromagnetic pollution 1184:radioactive contamination 1125:nonpoint source pollution 700:War and environmental law 320:Health effects from noise 170:Volatile organic compound 11780:Environmental toxicology 11491:Schools of public health 11283:Diffusion of innovations 10982:Health impact assessment 10694:Public health laboratory 10590:Management of depression 10228:Education and innovation 9324:Compulsory sterilization 8907:Environmental technology 8856:Environmental toxicology 8851:Environmental statistics 8846:Environmental humanities 7799:Marine mammals and sonar 7710:Radio spectrum pollution 7338:Toxics Release Inventory 7142:10.1177/0096340211421587 5485:American Economic Review 5442:. Working Paper Series. 4931:by Eric S. Lorenz. 2007. 4908:5 September 2008 at the 4408:Government website page) 4384:12 November 2007 at the 3358:Pollution is Colonialism 3302:Biological contamination 2617:marginal abatement costs 2551:API oil-water separators 2494:Ejector venturi scrubber 2302:environmental management 2040:carbon dioxide emissions 1761:Greenhouse gas emissions 1755:Greenhouse gas emissions 1735:for simplicity, such as 1455:chlorinated hydrocarbons 1236:UN Environmental Program 325:Marine mammals and sonar 11554:Social hygiene movement 11481:Doctor of Public Health 11313:Social cognitive theory 11115:Infectious and epidemic 10897:Fecal–oral transmission 10333:Human Development Index 10245:Global Innovation Index 10183:Maternal mortality rate 9758:Commonwealth of Nations 9266:Malthusian growth model 8819:Environmental economics 8742:Environmental chemistry 8645:WikiProject Environment 8603:Most polluted countries 8547:Polluter pays principle 8278:Agricultural wastewater 7356:Toxic Release Inventory 6959:Encyclopædia Britannica 6944:Phillips, Walter Alison 6803:10.1126/science.6857273 6728:Cardiovascular Research 6559:10.1073/pnas.1819989116 6292:sub-chronic exposure". 6176:10.1515/reveh-2018-0013 5973:Environmental economics 4716:Atmospheric Environment 3876:10.1021/acs.est.1c04158 3383:Air dispersion modeling 3342:Polluter pays principle 3157:, a term now common in 2822:environmental economics 2589: 2561:Dissolved air flotation 2489:Cyclonic spray scrubber 2457:Dust collection systems 2236:, research groups, and 2230:mitigate climate change 1620:Motor vehicle emissions 1362:: the overabundance of 1220:environmental conflicts 1072:is the introduction of 800:Freshwater salinization 720:Agricultural wastewater 29:Environmental Pollution 11549:Germ theory of disease 11328:Transtheoretical model 10311:Development aid donors 9949:Population growth rate 9393:Zero population growth 9388:Sustainable population 9312:Malthusian catastrophe 9271:Overshoot (population) 9148:Demographic transition 8876:Sustainability science 8663:Environment portal 7896:Agricultural pollution 7266:10.1126/sciadv.1600377 7095:The Environmental Case 7069:"Environmental Issues" 6898:. PBS. 17 January 2003 5557:Cite journal requires 5497:10.1257/aer.102.7.3652 4927:11 August 2013 at the 3508:Alkaline precipitation 3307:Chemical contamination 3286:environmental movement 3118: 3017: 2989:London sewerage system 2948: 2820:It is possible to use 2817: 2794:Socially optimal level 2721: 2579:Vapor recovery systems 2334:low impact development 2297: 2278: 2262: 2172:environmental agencies 2043: 1997: 1977:Socio economic impacts 1940:developmental deficits 1858:cardiovascular disease 1837: 1776: 1718: 1616: 1591:. Large quantities of 1542: 1290: 1222:, particularly in the 1019:Environment portal 49: 11433:Public Health Service 11318:Social norms approach 11308:PRECEDE–PROCEED model 10754:Preventive healthcare 10647:Pharmaceutical policy 10496:Chief Medical Officer 10071:Age at first marriage 9959:Net reproduction rate 9905:Population milestones 9687:Continents/subregions 9649:population statistics 9502:Population Connection 9366:Mere addition paradox 9205:Physiological density 8841:Environmental studies 8713:Environmental science 8318:Industrial wastewater 8184:Clutter (advertising) 8092:Municipal solid waste 7938:Soil guideline values 7782:Sustainable transport 7675:Information pollution 7475:Open burning of waste 5229:Balakrishnan, Kalpana 5058:Balakrishnan, Kalpana 4828:26 March 2008 at the 4363:. Our World in Data. 3737:Balakrishnan, Kalpana 3684:Balakrishnan, Kalpana 3523:Contamination control 3488:Industrial wastewater 3458:Cruise ship pollution 3172: – named by the 3113: 3086:Clean Air Act of 1956 3057:was a major issue in 3046:progressive reformers 3020:20th and 21st century 3012: 2946: 2938:glaciers in Greenland 2906:Prior to 19th century 2895:Further information: 2815: 2719: 2691:A 2018 report by the 2646:extractive metallurgy 2484:Baffle spray scrubber 2430:Air pollution control 2370:interface", e.g. to " 2352:life-cycle assessment 2284: 2268: 2252: 2111:which damages plants. 2037: 1993: 1835: 1814:Further information: 1768: 1709: 1606: 1540: 1509:municipal solid waste 1281: 1254:Definitions and types 1097:extractive industries 760:Industrial wastewater 528:Municipal solid waste 450:Soil guideline values 41: 11509:Sara Josephine Baker 11408:Public Health Agency 11293:Health communication 11158:Disease surveillance 11124:Asymptomatic carrier 11106:Statistical software 10794:Preventive nutrition 10622:Medical anthropology 10511:Environmental health 10121:Number of households 10106:Linguistic diversity 10101:Immigrant population 10047:past life expectancy 9532:World Population Day 9487:Church of Euthanasia 9376:Non-identity problem 9351:Political demography 9307:Human overpopulation 8829:Environmental health 8814:Environmental design 8809:Ecological economics 8590:Most polluted cities 8283:Biological pollution 8194:Overhead power lines 6397:10.2166/wst.2018.476 5646:10.1257/app.20170286 5598:10.1257/app.20160436 5395:10.1257/app.20190091 5170:10.1029/2022GH000603 5156:(5): e2022GH000603. 4694:www.seminarsonly.com 4264:Geoscience Frontiers 4047:"Vocabulary Catalog" 3563:Noise health effects 3483:Municipal wastewater 3317:Environmental racism 3312:Environmental health 3174:Worldwatch Institute 3070:Donora, Pennsylvania 2538:Constructed wetlands 2414:Pollution prevention 2377:In September 2023 a 2188:environmental health 2176:public health system 2012:planetary boundaries 1901:developing countries 1397:: which encompasses 1266:. The United States 1211:planetary boundaries 1203:environmental health 1154:pollutants may have 1103:, transportation or 969:Most polluted cities 621:Overhead power lines 19:For other uses, see 11519:Carl Rogers Darnall 11514:Samuel Jay Crumbine 11288:Health belief model 11141:Notifiable diseases 11077:Regression analysis 10912:Waterborne diseases 10501:Cultural competence 10355:Human Poverty Index 10343:inequality-adjusted 10328:Irrigated land area 10066:Age at childbearing 9989:Past fertility rate 9381:Reproductive rights 9212:Population dynamics 9163:Population momentum 8998:Environment by year 8988:Research institutes 8902:Energy conservation 8727:Atmospheric science 8653:WikiProject Ecology 8350:Ocean acidification 8255:Unexploded ordnance 8126:Post-consumer waste 7986:Foam food container 7964:Biodegradable waste 7538:Global distillation 7258:2016SciA....2E0377F 7134:2011BuAtS..67e..55F 6840:1996Sci...272..246H 6795:1983Sci...221....9S 6740:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025 6550:2019PNAS..116.7192L 5883:By Chelsea Harvey, 5844:. 30 September 2023 5693:2003PhT....56j..65J 5162:2022GHeal...6..603M 5011:2017ESPR...2411559M 5005:(12): 11559–11572. 4728:1987AtmEn..21...29B 4276:2021GeoFr..12..746T 3868:2022EnST...56.1510P 3149: – led to the 3147:Valley of the Drums 3081:radioactive fallout 2959:by proclamation in 2757:their manufacturing 2623:Dirtiest industries 2523:(Primary treatment) 2052:ocean acidification 2028:) may pass through 1938:has been linked to 1924:high blood pressure 1854:respiratory disease 1340:react to sunlight. 1318:chlorofluorocarbons 1133:agricultural runoff 1078:natural environment 785:Ocean acidification 695:Unexploded ordnance 616:Advertising clutter 548:Post-consumer waste 493:Foam food container 478:Biodegradable waste 135:Global distillation 11117:disease prevention 11052:Case–control study 10724:Security of person 10573:Health care reform 10116:Net migration rate 10096:Ethnic composition 9915:Population density 9792:Cities/urban areas 9665:Current population 9645:Lists of countries 9507:Population Matters 9222:Population pyramid 9200:Population density 9195:Population decline 9074:Environment portal 8957:Water purification 8673:Ecology portal 8557:Waste minimisation 8532:Industrial ecology 8527:Cleaner production 8345:Nutrient pollution 8222:Herbicidal warfare 8016:Construction waste 7652:Introduced species 7523:Indoor air quality 7450:Chlorofluorocarbon 7162:Jonathan Medalia, 7101:, 2012) pp. 56–82. 7075:on 11 January 2012 6834:(5259): 246–249 . 6228:10.1002/tqem.21538 5905:, 17 November 2008 5314:The Times of India 4976:The New York Times 4889:1 May 2009 at the 4675:2011-09-27 at the 4590:2020-05-01 at the 4541:2009-10-21 at the 3418:Soil contamination 3264:North Pacific Gyre 3119: 3114:Smog pollution in 3077:Great Smog of 1952 2979:problems with the 2949: 2818: 2722: 2405:Waste minimisation 2362:supported "formal 2326:waste minimization 2298: 2279: 2263: 2238:citizen scientists 2109:tropospheric ozone 2058:becomes dissolved. 2044: 1998: 1838: 1782:, while vital for 1777: 1731:, commonly called 1719: 1682:world's population 1617: 1543: 1427:Soil contamination 1342:Particulate matter 1291: 1180:soil contamination 1031:Ecology portal 656:Herbicidal warfare 200:Introduced species 140:Indoor air quality 110:Chlorofluorocarbon 50: 11610: 11609: 11562: 11561: 11472:Higher education 11303:Positive deviance 11298:Health psychology 11274:Health behavioral 11201:safety management 11175:Social distancing 10949:Population health 10929:Smoking cessation 10877:Pharmacovigilance 10848:Injury prevention 10816:Infection control 10734:Social psychology 10684:Prisoners' rights 10627:Medical sociology 10595:Public health law 10491:Biological hazard 10438: 10437: 10410:Wealth inequality 10405:Unemployment rate 9942:Growth indicators 9804:National capitals 9611: 9610: 9482:7 Billion Actions 9356:Population ethics 9249:Carrying capacity 9158:Population growth 9095: 9094: 8917:Pollution control 8679: 8678: 8552:Pollution control 8232:Nuclear holocaust 8141:Thermal treatment 8109:Plastic pollution 8026:Mercury poisoning 7979:Battery recycling 7878:Radioactive waste 7647:Genetic pollution 7642:Biological hazard 7440:Air quality index 7351:the EPA Superfund 7177:"Garbage Patches" 7045:(2014) pp. 15–21 7002:978-0-8229-7277-8 6734:(11): 1910–1917. 6686:978-1-4292-8342-7 6636:978-0-8018-3987-0 6544:(15): 7192–7197. 6390:(10): 2046–2054. 6063:WorstPolluted.org 5982:978-0-19-973264-7 5949:978-1-4292-7845-4 5887:, 29 January 2016 5866:(February 1990). 5823:978-1-118-96453-8 5701:10.1063/1.1629008 5290:. November 2017. 4596:Purdue University 4525:, R Carlson, 1962 4501:978-0-471-07189-1 4220:978-1-83916-279-4 4176:978-0-12-409548-9 4117:on 5 August 2015. 4057:on 16 August 2022 3943:. 19 January 2016 3585: 3584: 3543:Genetic pollution 3399:Emission standard 3216:test ban treaties 3204:Three Mile Island 3137:contamination at 3093:Noise Control Act 2993:population growth 2915:prehistoric times 2676:Chemical industry 2636:Lead–acid battery 2210:Montreal Protocol 2184:industrialisation 2136:which lowers the 1932:sleep disturbance 1593:fine particulates 1585:lightning strikes 1563:hydrogen sulfides 1538: 1479:Thermal pollution 1431:soil contaminants 1417:Plastic pollution 1379:over-illumination 1285:in the center of 1188:thermal pollution 1176:plastic pollution 1140:industrialization 1121:construction site 1067: 1066: 1002: 1001: 668:Nuclear holocaust 591:Urban heat island 405:Radioactive waste 190:Biological hazard 100:Air quality index 11787: 11760: 11752: 11751: 11750: 11743: 11735: 11734: 11733: 11726: 11718: 11717: 11716: 11709: 11701: 11700: 11699: 11692: 11684: 11683: 11682: 11675: 11667: 11666: 11665: 11655: 11639: 11638: 11637: 11627: 11626: 11618: 11598: 11597: 11586: 11585: 11574: 11573: 11468:Health education 11345: 11344: 11199:Food hygiene and 11180:Tropical disease 10992:Infant mortality 10967:Community health 10843:Controlled Drugs 10779:Health promotion 10709:Right to housing 10553:Health economics 10465: 10458: 10451: 10442: 10441: 10429:Lists by country 10140:Urban population 10081:Dependency ratio 9969:Number of deaths 9964:Number of births 9954:Natural increase 9741:Intercontinental 9638: 9631: 9624: 9615: 9614: 9601: 9600: 9589: 9588: 9558:Green Revolution 9339:Two-child policy 9334:One-child policy 9257: 9217:Population model 9173:World population 9122: 9115: 9108: 9099: 9098: 9083: 9082: 9071: 9059: 9058: 9040: 9039: 8962:Waste management 8952:Urban metabolism 8947:Sewage treatment 8937:Renewable energy 8779: 8706: 8699: 8692: 8683: 8682: 8671: 8670: 8669: 8661: 8660: 8651: 8650: 8643: 8642: 8635: 8634: 8622: 8621: 8496:Legacy pollution 8355:Oil exploitation 8217:Chemical warfare 8131:Waste management 8038:Industrial waste 8006:Biomedical waste 7974:Electronic waste 7959:Advertising mail 7943:Phytoremediation 7918:Land degradation 7703:Overillumination 7657:Invasive species 7403: 7396: 7389: 7380: 7379: 7296: 7295: 7285: 7251: 7235:Science Advances 7225: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7173: 7167: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7117: 7111: 7108: 7102: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7067:John Tarantino. 7064: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7041:Patrick Allitt, 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7013: 7007: 7006: 6986: 6980: 6975:Patrick Allitt, 6973: 6967: 6966: 6951: 6940: 6934: 6927: 6921: 6914: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6759: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6706: 6698: 6672: 6663: 6662: 6656: 6648: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6604:open.lib.umn.edu 6596: 6590: 6589: 6571: 6561: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6484: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6399: 6375: 6369: 6368: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6247: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6178: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6060: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6009:www.econport.org 6001: 5995: 5994: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5935: 5924: 5912: 5906: 5894: 5888: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5751: 5719: 5713: 5712: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5600: 5582: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5560: 5555: 5553: 5545: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5516: 5491:(7): 3652–3673. 5476: 5470: 5469: 5459: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5406: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5353:"Lead poisoning" 5348: 5342: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5285: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5252: 5243:(6): e535–e547. 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5181: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5125:on 30 April 2011 5114: 5108: 5107: 5097: 5053: 5047: 5046: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4938: 4932: 4919: 4913: 4900: 4894: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4795: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4754:www.lenntech.com 4746: 4740: 4739: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4686: 4680: 4666: 4660: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4614:. Archived from 4613: 4605: 4599: 4581:Revolutionary CO 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4552: 4546: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4485: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4462:. Archived from 4451: 4445: 4444: 4438: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4415: 4409: 4399: 4393: 4376: 4370: 4368: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4297: 4287: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4212: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4188: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4103:"Drinking Water" 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4053:. Archived from 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4017: 4011: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3991: 3987: 3985: 3977: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3887: 3862:(3): 1510–1521. 3847: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3816: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3760: 3751:(6): e535–e547. 3732: 3726: 3725: 3707: 3698:(6): e535–e547. 3679: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3608:. 13 August 2010 3598: 3468:Marine pollution 3369: 3368: 3282:environmentalism 3229:in 1978 and the 2901:Legacy pollution 2839:marginal benefit 2789: 2726:textile industry 2703:Textile industry 2671:Industrial parks 2661:Artisanal mining 2584:Phytoremediation 2516:Sewage treatment 2445:Thermal oxidizer 2330:land development 2271:thermal oxidizer 2073:Invasive species 2063:greenhouse gases 2061:The emission of 2050:emissions cause 2022:Biomagnification 1942:in children and 1914:irritations and 1678:hazardous wastes 1613:renewable energy 1599:Human generation 1539: 1489:Visual pollution 1407:industrial noise 1264:greenhouse gases 1196:visual pollution 1156:legacy pollution 1101:waste management 1059: 1052: 1045: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1017: 1016: 948: 947: 651:Chemical warfare 553:Waste management 513:Industrial waste 488:Electronic waste 473:Advertising mail 455:Phytoremediation 430:Land degradation 370:Depleted uranium 255:Overillumination 205:Invasive species 77: 67: 52: 51: 45:on the coast of 11795: 11794: 11790: 11789: 11788: 11786: 11785: 11784: 11765: 11764: 11763: 11753: 11748: 11746: 11736: 11731: 11729: 11725:from Wikisource 11719: 11714: 11712: 11702: 11697: 11695: 11685: 11680: 11678: 11674:from Wiktionary 11668: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11654:sister projects 11651:at Knowledge's 11645: 11635: 11633: 11621: 11613: 11611: 11606: 11558: 11529:Margaret Sanger 11497: 11456: 11340: 11338: 11332: 11275: 11269: 11241:Safety scandals 11200: 11194: 11116: 11110: 11044: 11038: 11034:Social medicine 11027:Race and health 10962:Child mortality 10943: 10902:Open defecation 10784:Human nutrition 10774:Family planning 10762:Behavior change 10748: 10704:Right to health 10617:Maternal health 10607:Health politics 10558:Health literacy 10474: 10469: 10439: 10434: 10433: 10414: 10370:Income equality 10323:Employment rate 10292: 10240:Education Index 10223: 10218:Body mass index 10149: 10051: 9999:Life expectancy 9993: 9937: 9923:Current density 9909: 9823:Past and future 9818: 9787: 9736: 9681: 9651: 9642: 9612: 9607: 9577: 9541: 9475: 9473: 9466: 9418: 9397: 9346:Overconsumption 9329:Family planning 9286: 9280: 9253: 9237: 9234: 9226: 9188: 9185: 9177: 9131: 9126: 9096: 9091: 9028: 9002: 8966: 8890: 8881:Systems ecology 8780: 8771: 8732:Biogeochemistry 8715: 8710: 8680: 8675: 8667: 8665: 8655: 8612: 8598: 8566: 8515: 8464: 8431: 8370:Pharmaceuticals 8360:Oil exploration 8264: 8236:Nuclear fallout 8203: 8165: 8147: 8121:Packaging waste 8075:Deep sea mining 8001:Hazardous waste 7947: 7928:Open defecation 7882: 7848:Nuclear fallout 7843:Nuclear fission 7819: 7745: 7714: 7685:Electromagnetic 7679: 7663: 7628: 7548:Ozone depletion 7421: 7412: 7407: 7305: 7300: 7299: 7242:(6): e1600377. 7226: 7222: 7212: 7210: 7200: 7196: 7186: 7184: 7183:. 21 March 2024 7175: 7174: 7170: 7161: 7157: 7118: 7114: 7109: 7105: 7092: 7088: 7078: 7076: 7065: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7040: 7036: 7026: 7024: 7014: 7010: 7003: 6987: 6983: 6974: 6970: 6941: 6937: 6933:(2000) pp 17-18 6928: 6924: 6915: 6911: 6901: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6867: 6863: 6822: 6818: 6789:(4605): 9–17 . 6777: 6773: 6720: 6716: 6700: 6699: 6687: 6673: 6666: 6650: 6649: 6637: 6623: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6598: 6597: 6593: 6528: 6524: 6514: 6512: 6511:. 9 August 2011 6503: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6433: 6429: 6376: 6372: 6341: 6337: 6289: 6285: 6245: 6239: 6235: 6212: 6208: 6155: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6090:The Independent 6081: 6077: 6069: 6058: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6039: 6037: 6036:. 31 March 2016 6028: 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6003: 6002: 5998: 5983: 5969: 5965: 5950: 5936: 5927: 5913: 5909: 5895: 5891: 5885:Washington Post 5879: 5875: 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5769: 5765: 5720: 5716: 5673: 5669: 5626: 5622: 5580: 5574: 5570: 5558: 5556: 5547: 5546: 5534: 5530: 5477: 5473: 5432: 5428: 5375: 5371: 5361: 5359: 5349: 5345: 5336: 5332: 5322: 5320: 5306: 5302: 5294: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5115: 5111: 5054: 5050: 4995: 4991: 4981: 4979: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4939: 4935: 4929:Wayback Machine 4920: 4916: 4910:Wayback Machine 4901: 4897: 4891:Wayback Machine 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4830:Wayback Machine 4821: 4817: 4772: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4679:". CDIAC. 2008. 4677:Wayback Machine 4667: 4663: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4609:"Waste Watcher" 4607: 4606: 4602: 4598:. 7 April 2008. 4592:Wayback Machine 4584: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4543:Wayback Machine 4533: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4502: 4486: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4448: 4432: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4400: 4396: 4386:Wayback Machine 4377: 4373: 4353:Ritchie, Hannah 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4256: 4252: 4242: 4240: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4221: 4197: 4193: 4177: 4155: 4151: 4126: 4122: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4018: 4014: 4005: 4001: 3989: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3908: 3901: 3848: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3817: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3786: 3782: 3733: 3729: 3680: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3653:(18 May 2022). 3648: 3644: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3606:Merriam-Webster 3600: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3553:Light pollution 3513:Citizen science 3504: 3454: 3450:Water pollution 3422: 3379: 3298: 3253:bioaccumulation 3231:Bhopal disaster 3188:Nuclear weapons 3125:dumping in the 3101:Clean Water Act 3026:Imperial German 3022: 2973: 2908: 2903: 2893: 2802: 2796: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2713: 2705: 2625: 2605:externalization 2592: 2572:Ultrafiltration 2533:Aerated lagoons 2426: 2391: 2318:overconsumption 2257:, east-central 2247: 2242: 2241: 2232:. Governments, 2206:trade in wastes 2202:water pollution 2174:or the broader 2165:To protect the 2162: 2154: 2130:nitrogen oxides 2091:Nitrogen oxides 2085:competitiveness 2057: 1988: 1979: 1962:substances can 1889:water pollution 1830: 1812: 1807: 1774: 1772: 1763: 1757: 1702: 1689: 1663:livestock farms 1643:chemical plants 1601: 1532: 1530: 1395:Noise pollution 1375:Light pollution 1355: 1351: 1322:nitrogen oxides 1310:carbon monoxide 1260:noise pollution 1256: 1192:light pollution 1172:noise pollution 1164:water pollution 1063: 1025: 1023: 1011: 1004: 1003: 903: 895: 894: 868: 860: 859: 795:Pharmaceuticals 775:Nonpoint source 715: 705: 704: 673:Nuclear fallout 646: 636: 635: 606: 596: 595: 586: 576: 575: 566: 558: 557: 543:Packaging waste 508:Hazardous waste 468: 460: 459: 420: 410: 409: 380:Nuclear fallout 375:Nuclear fission 355: 345: 344: 310: 300: 299: 275: 267: 266: 240: 238:Electromagnetic 230: 229: 220: 212: 211: 185: 175: 174: 145:Ozone depletion 90: 80: 65: 34: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11793: 11783: 11782: 11777: 11762: 11761: 11744: 11742:from Wikibooks 11727: 11710: 11708:from Wikiquote 11693: 11676: 11647: 11644: 11643: 11631: 11608: 11607: 11605: 11604: 11592: 11580: 11567: 11564: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11495: 11494: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11470: 11464: 11462: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11454: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11436: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11412: 11411: 11410: 11405: 11397: 11396: 11395: 11387: 11386: 11385: 11380: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11362: 11361: 11360: 11351: 11349: 11342: 11337:Organizations, 11334: 11333: 11331: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11279: 11277: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11267: 11266: 11265: 11260: 11250: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11204: 11202: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11161: 11160: 11150: 11149: 11148: 11138: 11137: 11136: 11126: 11120: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11108: 11103: 11102: 11101: 11093: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11048: 11046: 11043:Biological and 11040: 11039: 11037: 11036: 11031: 11030: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11009: 11004: 11002:Multimorbidity 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10953: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10941: 10939:Vector control 10936: 10931: 10926: 10924:School hygiene 10921: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10907:Sanitary sewer 10904: 10899: 10894: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10873: 10872: 10865:Patient safety 10862: 10861: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10825: 10824: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10798: 10797: 10796: 10791: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10770: 10769: 10758: 10756: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10680: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10603: 10602: 10597: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10548:Harm reduction 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10523: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10482: 10480: 10476: 10475: 10468: 10467: 10460: 10453: 10445: 10436: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10426: 10420: 10419: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10319: 10318: 10308: 10302: 10300: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10274: 10268: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10231: 10229: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10159: 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10062: 10060: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10003: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9991: 9986: 9984:Fertility rate 9981: 9979:Mortality rate 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9945: 9943: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9919: 9917: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9826: 9824: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9795: 9793: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9768:European Union 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9744: 9742: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9723: 9722: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9691: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9679: 9674: 9673: 9672: 9670:United Nations 9661: 9659: 9653: 9652: 9641: 9640: 9633: 9626: 9618: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9605: 9595: 9582: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9575: 9573:Sustainability 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9549: 9547: 9546:Related topics 9543: 9542: 9540: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9478: 9476: 9471: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9458: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9437: 9435:Largest cities 9432: 9426: 9424: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9416: 9411: 9405: 9403: 9399: 9398: 9396: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9384: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9342: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9304: 9296: 9290: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9255:I = P × A × T 9251: 9246: 9240: 9238: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9197: 9191: 9189: 9182: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9139: 9137: 9133: 9132: 9125: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9089: 9077: 9065: 9053: 9052: 9051: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9026: 9024:Technogaianism 9021: 9019:Sustainability 9016: 9010: 9008: 9004: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8974: 8972: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8898: 8896: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8837: 8836: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8805: 8804: 8794: 8788: 8786: 8785:Related fields 8782: 8781: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8723: 8721: 8717: 8716: 8709: 8708: 8701: 8694: 8686: 8677: 8676: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8587: 8585:Law by country 8582: 8576: 8574: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8523: 8521: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8472: 8470: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8462: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8450: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8407:Surface runoff 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8382: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8331: 8330: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8293:Eutrophication 8290: 8285: 8280: 8274: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8250:Scorched earth 8247: 8244:nuclear winter 8240:nuclear famine 8229: 8219: 8213: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8175: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8163: 8157: 8155: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8117: 8116: 8106: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8089: 8088: 8087: 8085:Uranium mining 8082: 8077: 8072: 8070:Surface mining 8067: 8062: 8052: 8047: 8046: 8045: 8035: 8034: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8021:Lead poisoning 8018: 8013: 8011:Chemical waste 8008: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7923:Bioremediation 7920: 7915: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7892: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7838:Bioremediation 7835: 7829: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7817: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7802: 7801: 7791: 7786: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759:Transportation 7755: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7689: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7671: 7669: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7649: 7644: 7638: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7533:Global dimming 7530: 7525: 7520: 7519: 7518: 7508: 7507: 7506: 7504:Diesel exhaust 7496: 7491: 7490: 7489: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7431: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7406: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7344: 7327: 7321: 7311: 7304: 7303:External links 7301: 7298: 7297: 7220: 7194: 7168: 7155: 7112: 7103: 7086: 7059: 7047: 7034: 7008: 7001: 6981: 6968: 6954:Chisholm, Hugh 6949:"Berlin" 6935: 6922: 6909: 6887: 6861: 6816: 6771: 6714: 6685: 6677:Microeconomics 6664: 6635: 6617: 6606:. 17 June 2016 6591: 6522: 6496: 6471: 6427: 6370: 6335: 6283: 6233: 6206: 6169:(2): 163–203. 6149: 6123:(4): 189–200. 6103: 6075: 6047: 6021: 5996: 5981: 5963: 5948: 5925: 5907: 5889: 5873: 5855: 5842:United Nations 5829: 5822: 5802: 5763: 5714: 5667: 5640:(1): 173–201. 5620: 5591:(1): 151–172. 5568: 5559:|journal= 5528: 5471: 5448:10.3386/w25489 5426: 5369: 5343: 5330: 5300: 5272: 5219: 5193: 5136: 5109: 5072:(1): e25–e38. 5048: 4989: 4961: 4933: 4914: 4895: 4876: 4850: 4838: 4815: 4766: 4741: 4706: 4681: 4661: 4654: 4644: 4632: 4621:on 10 May 2020 4600: 4582: 4572: 4547: 4527: 4515: 4500: 4477: 4466:on 11 May 2017 4460:Cdiac.ornl.gov 4446: 4410: 4394: 4371: 4344: 4317: 4270:(2): 746–755. 4250: 4225: 4219: 4191: 4175: 4149: 4120: 4094: 4068: 4038: 4026:Beat Pollution 4012: 3999: 3972: 3954: 3928: 3899: 3839: 3808: 3780: 3727: 3671: 3651:Dickie, Gloria 3642: 3619: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3548:Heat pollution 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3518:Climate change 3515: 3510: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3473:Ship pollution 3470: 3465: 3460: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3413: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3404:Greenhouse gas 3401: 3396: 3390: 3385: 3367: 3366: 3364:Sacrifice zone 3361: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3327:Overpopulation 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3297: 3294: 3274:in the water. 3236:global warming 3021: 3018: 2972: 2969: 2907: 2904: 2892: 2889: 2866:market failure 2795: 2792: 2775: 2772: 2714: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2639: 2624: 2621: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2558: 2553: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2535: 2530: 2524: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2454: 2452:Bioremediation 2449: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2390: 2387: 2316:products from 2287:dust collector 2246: 2243: 2226:Kyoto Protocol 2163: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2141: 2140:value of soil. 2126:Sulfur dioxide 2123: 2112: 2105:photosynthesis 2098: 2088: 2070: 2067:global warming 2059: 2055: 2048:Carbon dioxide 2045: 2030:trophic levels 1987: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1820:Toxic hotspots 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1784:photosynthesis 1780:Carbon dioxide 1770: 1759:Main article: 1756: 1753: 1700: 1687: 1671:heavy industry 1651:oil refineries 1600: 1597: 1551:climate change 1529: 1528:Natural causes 1526: 1525: 1524: 1521:surface runoff 1516: 1486: 1476: 1469:alpha emitters 1465:atomic physics 1458: 1424: 1414: 1403:aircraft noise 1392: 1386: 1372: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1314:sulfur dioxide 1289:in August 2010 1287:Moscow, Russia 1273:United Nations 1271:contrast, the 1255: 1252: 1146:and pollution 1065: 1064: 1062: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1021: 1006: 1005: 1000: 999: 998: 997: 989: 988: 984: 983: 982: 981: 976: 971: 966: 964:Law by country 961: 953: 952: 946: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 904: 901: 900: 897: 896: 893: 892: 891: 890: 885: 875: 869: 866: 865: 862: 861: 858: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 835:Surface runoff 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 735:Eutrophication 732: 727: 722: 716: 711: 710: 707: 706: 703: 702: 697: 692: 690:Scorched earth 687: 686: 685: 683:Nuclear winter 680: 678:Nuclear famine 675: 665: 664: 663: 653: 647: 642: 641: 638: 637: 634: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 607: 602: 601: 598: 597: 594: 593: 587: 582: 581: 578: 577: 574: 573: 567: 564: 563: 560: 559: 556: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 469: 466: 465: 462: 461: 458: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 435:Bioremediation 432: 427: 421: 416: 415: 412: 411: 408: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 365:Bioremediation 362: 356: 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 315:Transportation 311: 306: 305: 302: 301: 298: 297: 292: 287: 282: 276: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 262:Radio spectrum 259: 258: 257: 252: 241: 236: 235: 232: 231: 228: 227: 221: 218: 217: 214: 213: 210: 209: 208: 207: 197: 192: 186: 181: 180: 177: 176: 173: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 130:Global dimming 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 91: 86: 85: 82: 81: 78: 70: 69: 61: 60: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11792: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11759:from Wikidata 11758: 11757: 11745: 11741: 11740: 11728: 11724: 11723: 11711: 11707: 11706: 11694: 11690: 11689: 11677: 11673: 11672: 11660: 11659: 11656: 11650: 11642: 11632: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11619: 11616: 11603: 11602: 11593: 11591: 11590: 11581: 11579: 11578: 11569: 11568: 11565: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11524:Joseph Lister 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11506: 11504: 11500: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11459: 11452: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11403:Health Canada 11401: 11400: 11398: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11375: 11373: 11369: 11366: 11365: 11363: 11359: 11356: 11355: 11353: 11352: 11350: 11348:Organizations 11346: 11343: 11335: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11280: 11278: 11272: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11255: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11197: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11185:Vaccine trial 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11159: 11156: 11155: 11154: 11151: 11147: 11144: 11143: 11142: 11139: 11135: 11132: 11131: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11113: 11107: 11104: 11100: 11098: 11094: 11092: 11090: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11069: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11062:Relative risk 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11049: 11047: 11041: 11035: 11032: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11022:Health equity 11020: 11018: 11015: 11014: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10987:Health system 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10977:Global health 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10957:Biostatistics 10955: 10954: 10952: 10950: 10946: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10889: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10871: 10868: 10867: 10866: 10863: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10829: 10826: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10803: 10802: 10799: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10768: 10765: 10764: 10763: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10751: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10699:Right to food 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10637: 10633: 10632:Mental health 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10580:Housing First 10578: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10568:Health system 10566: 10565: 10564: 10563:Health policy 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10477: 10473: 10472:Public health 10466: 10461: 10459: 10454: 10452: 10447: 10446: 10443: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10417: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10400:Public sector 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10317: 10314: 10313: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10295: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10278: 10275: 10272: 10269: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10255:Literacy rate 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10076:Age structure 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10059: 10054: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10042:world regions 10040: 10038: 10037:South America 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10027:North America 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10002: 10000: 9996: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9940: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9912: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9825: 9821: 9815: 9814:Megalopolises 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9790: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9778:Latin America 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9739: 9733: 9732:South America 9730: 9728: 9725: 9721: 9718: 9717: 9716: 9715:North America 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9684: 9678: 9675: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9639: 9634: 9632: 9627: 9625: 9620: 9619: 9616: 9604: 9596: 9594: 9593: 9584: 9583: 9580: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9553:Bennett's law 9551: 9550: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9474:organizations 9469: 9463: 9460: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9421: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9400: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9321: 9320: 9317: 9313: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9261:Kaya identity 9259: 9256: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9229: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9180: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9123: 9118: 9116: 9111: 9109: 9104: 9103: 9100: 9088: 9087: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9070: 9066: 9064: 9063: 9054: 9050: 9047: 9046: 9045: 9044: 9035: 9034: 9031: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9005: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8969: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8899: 8897: 8893: 8887: 8886:Urban ecology 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8835: 8832: 8831: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8783: 8778: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8707: 8702: 8700: 8695: 8693: 8688: 8687: 8684: 8674: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8646: 8638: 8629: 8625: 8615: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8518: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8444: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8427:Water quality 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8267: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8206: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8189:Traffic signs 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8168: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8156: 8154: 8150: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8115: 8114:Microplastics 8112: 8111: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8104:Nanomaterials 8102: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8090: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8044: 8043:Lead smelting 8041: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7980: 7977: 7976: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7863:Radioactivity 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7815:Noise control 7813: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7748: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7711: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7682: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7666: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7563:Metal working 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7512: 7509: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7415: 7411: 7404: 7399: 7397: 7392: 7390: 7385: 7384: 7381: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7293: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7224: 7209: 7205: 7198: 7182: 7178: 7172: 7165: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7116: 7107: 7100: 7096: 7090: 7074: 7070: 7063: 7056: 7051: 7044: 7038: 7023: 7019: 7012: 7004: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6985: 6979:(2014) p 206 6978: 6972: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6939: 6932: 6926: 6919: 6916:Lee Jackson, 6913: 6897: 6896:"Deadly Smog" 6891: 6876: 6872: 6865: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6828: 6820: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6718: 6710: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6669: 6660: 6654: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6628: 6621: 6605: 6601: 6595: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6526: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6481: 6475: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6444:(4): 105277. 6443: 6439: 6431: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6374: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6287: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6256:(2): 105012. 6255: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6153: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6079: 6068: 6064: 6057: 6051: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5974: 5967: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5941: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5904: 5903: 5902:Science Daily 5898: 5893: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5843: 5839: 5833: 5825: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5806: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5767: 5759: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5718: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5687:(10): 65–66. 5686: 5682: 5681:Physics Today 5678: 5671: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5572: 5564: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5467: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5389:(4): 70–100. 5388: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5358: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5334: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5304: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5223: 5208:. 23 Nov 2023 5207: 5203: 5197: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4993: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4965: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4926: 4923: 4918: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4899: 4892: 4888: 4885: 4880: 4865:on 9 May 2007 4864: 4860: 4854: 4847: 4842: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4786:(10): 29–39. 4785: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4665: 4658: 4648: 4641: 4636: 4617: 4610: 4604: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4586: 4576: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4531: 4524: 4523:Silent Spring 4519: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4484: 4482: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4442: 4436: 4420: 4414: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4392:website page) 4391: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4375: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4254: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4222: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4009: 4003: 3995: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3958: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3846: 3844: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3815: 3813: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3676: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3623: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3573:Radioactivity 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3463:Marine debris 3461: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3375:Air pollution 3371: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3272:microplastics 3269: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3200:nuclear power 3197: 3196:radioactivity 3193: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170:Lake Karachay 3167: 3162: 3160: 3159:city planning 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3097:Clean Air Act 3094: 3089: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3034:air pollution 3030: 3027: 3016: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977:water quality 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2953:King Edward I 2945: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2911:Air pollution 2902: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2885:cap and trade 2882: 2878: 2877:Pigouvian tax 2874: 2869: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2835:marginal cost 2832: 2828: 2823: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2801: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2767: 2766:externalities 2763: 2761: 2760:supply chains 2758: 2753: 2751: 2750:microplastics 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2718: 2711: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2681:Manufacturing 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2651:Lead smelting 2649: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2612: 2610: 2609:public safety 2606: 2601: 2597: 2596:air pollution 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2521:Sedimentation 2519: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2276: 2275:United States 2272: 2267: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2198:air pollution 2195: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2160: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1996: 1992: 1983: 1974: 1972: 1971:birth defects 1968: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1895:by untreated 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1878: 1877: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1844: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1767: 1762: 1752: 1750: 1749:plastic waste 1744: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1717: 1714:'s downtown, 1713: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1693:world's waste 1690: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1659:nuclear waste 1656: 1655:petrochemical 1652: 1648: 1645:, coal-fired 1644: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628:United States 1625: 1621: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1522: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1421:microplastics 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1399:roadway noise 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1385:interference. 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1302:Air pollution 1300: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240:treaty bodies 1237: 1233: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1207:air pollution 1204: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1160:air pollution 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1129:microplastics 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1093:manufacturing 1090: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 996: 993: 992: 991: 990: 986: 985: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 955: 954: 950: 949: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 905: 899: 898: 889: 886: 884: 881: 880: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 864: 863: 856: 853: 851: 850:Water quality 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 714: 709: 708: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 669: 666: 662: 659: 658: 657: 654: 652: 649: 648: 645: 640: 639: 632: 629: 627: 626:Traffic signs 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 608: 605: 600: 599: 592: 589: 588: 585: 580: 579: 572: 569: 568: 562: 561: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 533:Nanomaterials 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 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11226:Microbiology 11096: 11088: 10972:Epidemiology 10870:Organization 10821:Oral hygiene 10811:Hand washing 10789:Healthy diet 10719:Right to sit 10651: 10612:Labor rights 10375:Labour force 10203:Suicide rate 10188:Obesity rate 10145:Urbanization 10086:Divorce rate 10058:demographics 9799:World cities 9590: 9402:Publications 9361:Antinatalism 9299: 9276:World3 model 9136:Major topics 9084: 9072: 9060: 9041: 8942:Road ecology 8895:Applications 8871:Radioecology 8834:epidemiology 8767:Soil science 8762:Oceanography 8506:Point source 8448:Heavy metals 8422:Urban runoff 8402:Sulfur water 8380:Septic tanks 8226:Agent Orange 8080:Mining waste 7906:Manure waste 7736:Volcanic ash 7612:Black carbon 7568:Oil refining 7553:Particulates 7482:Construction 7409: 7239: 7233: 7223: 7211:. 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Retrieved 5841: 5832: 5812: 5805: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5731: 5727: 5717: 5684: 5680: 5670: 5637: 5633: 5623: 5588: 5584: 5571: 5550:cite journal 5531: 5488: 5484: 5474: 5439: 5429: 5404:10871/122348 5386: 5382: 5372: 5360:. Retrieved 5356: 5346: 5333: 5321:. Retrieved 5313: 5303: 5287: 5275: 5240: 5236: 5222: 5210:. Retrieved 5205: 5196: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5127:. Retrieved 5123:the original 5112: 5069: 5065: 5051: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4980:. Retrieved 4974: 4964: 4952:. Retrieved 4946: 4936: 4917: 4898: 4879: 4867:. Retrieved 4863:the original 4853: 4841: 4818: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4757:. Retrieved 4753: 4744: 4722:(1): 29–36. 4719: 4715: 4709: 4697:. Retrieved 4693: 4684: 4664: 4647: 4635: 4623:. Retrieved 4616:the original 4603: 4575: 4563:. Retrieved 4560:Ppsthane.com 4559: 4550: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4490: 4468:. Retrieved 4464:the original 4459: 4449: 4423:. Retrieved 4413: 4397: 4388:(Transport, 4374: 4347: 4335:. Retrieved 4329: 4320: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4241:. 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Retrieved 3596: 3568:Space debris 3500: 3499: 3448: 3447: 3416: 3415: 3373: 3372: 3356: 3279: 3276: 3257: 3220: 3186: 3178:Soviet Union 3163: 3127:Hudson River 3120: 3090: 3074: 3063: 3031: 3023: 3013: 3004:August Bebel 2997: 2974: 2971:19th century 2950: 2931: 2922: 2909: 2870: 2856: 2850: 2843: 2819: 2803: 2777: 2754: 2723: 2690: 2626: 2613: 2593: 2509:Wet scrubber 2376: 2342: 2338:urban runoff 2299: 2261:, Australia. 2192: 2164: 2077:biodiversity 2026:heavy metals 2016: 2005: 1999: 1980: 1956:heavy metals 1920:hearing loss 1909: 1886: 1874: 1847: 1843:Anthropocene 1839: 1810:Human health 1799:fossil fuels 1792: 1778: 1745: 1741: 1732: 1720: 1675: 1647:power plants 1618: 1579: 1544: 1513:space debris 1505:strip mining 1439:heavy metals 1435:hydrocarbons 1383:astronomical 1368:non-ionizing 1338:hydrocarbons 1324:produced by 1306:particulates 1295:contaminants 1292: 1257: 1242:. Pollution 1228: 1224:Global South 1200: 1137: 1109:point source 1086: 1074:contaminants 1069: 1068: 938:Point source 883:Heavy metals 845:Urban runoff 830:Sulfur water 805:Septic tanks 661:Agent Orange 571:Space debris 425:Agricultural 290:Volcanic ash 150:Particulates 64: 35: 28: 11671:Definitions 11629:Environment 11601:WikiProject 11341:and history 11221:Engineering 10934:Vaccination 10806:Food safety 9783:Middle East 9285:Society and 9244:Biocapacity 9086:WikiProject 8932:Remediation 8747:Geosciences 8720:Main fields 8476:Area source 8385:Pit latrine 8308:Groundwater 8065:Gold mining 8060:Coal mining 8031:Toxic waste 7996:Green waste 7969:Brown waste 7952:Solid waste 7499:Exhaust gas 7079:10 December 7027:14 February 5457:10945/61763 5357:www.who.int 4419:"Pollution" 4326:"Wildfires" 4077:"pollution" 3990:|work= 3538:Externality 3223:Amoco Cadiz 3182:Chelyabinsk 3059:Los Angeles 2981:Great Stink 2965:wheelbarrow 2879:(such as a 2853:free market 2831:social cost 2600:externality 2504:Spray tower 2322:environment 2255:Yarra River 2167:environment 2081:allelopathy 2002:environment 1986:Environment 1960:radioactive 1884:installed. 1850:air quality 1695:. 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