Decline of Christianity in the Western world

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2 Publication of literature that was critical of Christianity (in the Enlightenment era of the 18th century). 3 Separation of church and state (from the 18th century onward). 4 The "gradual loosening of the ties between church and society". At least since the mid-20th century, many European countries have experienced a decline in churched religion. In particular, declining church attendance has been an important aspect of this process, and a characteristic of the development that has been described as the secularization process. The secularization processes in the Western world involve a partial replacement of established Christianity by unchurched spirituality, characterized by á la carte religion and a focus on "me and my experiences".

844: 279:, acknowledging the decline in Church attendance, implored that the deconsecrated churches be placed in service to fulfill the social needs of caring for the poor. In a new study published in 2022, Pew Research Center projects that if the rate of switching continues to accelerate (primarily to no religious affiliation), Christians will make up less than half of the American population by 2070, with estimated ranges for that year falling between 35% and 46% of the American population (down from 64% in 2022 and down from 91% in 1976). The same study found a retention rate among American Christians closer to 67%, with one-third of those who were Christian in childhood leaving the religion by age 30. 697: 818: 1013:, ranging from 13% among those raised historically black Protestant to 35% of those raised Jehovah's Witnesses. A small minority of those raised in nearly all Christian denominational families identify now with another faith, ranging from 3% among those raised historically black Protestant, Evangelical Protestant, Mormon, Orthodox Christian, and Jehovah's Witnesses to 4% of those raised Catholic and mainline Protestant. A 2022 Pew Research study found that 30% of Latinos in the United States were religiously unaffiliated, and half of Latinos age 18-29 were religiously unaffiliated. 789: 498:. Between 1992 and 2022, Christianity declined from 92.9% to 42.5%(Catholicism from 67.8% to 29.2%). In 2022, only 35.5% of people with age group 30-39 identified as Christians, the number further dropping to 32.8% of people with age group 20-29. Among Catholics, only 12% regularly attend church. On the other hand, a series of surveys conducted by Pew Research Center in 2018 found that the share of Christians has remained fairly stable in Hungary (75% who say they were raised Christian versus 76% who say they are Christian now). 246:, concluded that Christianity "as a norm" was gone for at least the foreseeable future. In at least 12 out of the 29 European countries which were surveyed by the researchers, based on a sample of 629 people, the majority of young adults reported that they were not religious. The data was obtained from two questions, one asking "Do you consider yourself as belonging to any particular religion or denomination?" to the full sample and the other one asking "Which one?" to the sample who replied with "Yes". The 2674: 22: 765:, the decline in Anglicanism has slowed thanks to "the return of patriotism and pride in Christianity", and the number of followers of the Anglican Church has increased slightly by 2017. This growth however is still below that needed and is mainly from African immigrants. Anglicanism has been majority African since 2001. In 2017, a report commissioned by the Christian group Hope Revolution indicated that 21% of British youth identified as "active followers of Jesus". 650:, 71.3% of Polish people identified as Catholic, although 20.53% refused to answer the question about their religion. A 2022 poll showed that 84% of Polish people identify as Catholic, but only 42% are practicing Catholics, and among 18-24 year olds only 23% are practicing Catholics, compared to 69% in 1992. The Catholic sex abuse scandal, the large restrictions on abortions in Poland contributed to this decline in Catholicism among the younger generations. 552: 1215: 439:

national survey conducted by Statistics Austria. Among Christians, 80.9% were Catholics, 7.2% were Orthodox Christians (mostly belonging to the Eastern Orthodox Church), 5.6% were Protestants, while the remaining 6.2% were other Christians, belonging to other denominations of the religion or not affiliated with any denomination, and 22.4% declared they did not belong to any religion, denomination or religious community.

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and 2017, but the number of churches declined by nearly 11% and by 2019, the number of Catholics decreased by 2 million people, dropping from 23% of the population to 21%. Since 1970, weekly church attendance among Catholics has dropped from 55% to 20%, the number of priests declined from 59,000 to 35,000 and the number of people who left Catholicism increased from under 2 million in 1975 to over 30 million today.

514:. In the 2022 census, 75.7% of the population identified as Christian. However, recent social changes, including the lifting of a ban on abortion and the legalizing of same sex marriage, have solidified the growth of liberal thinking in Ireland, particularly within the younger community. An Irish priest, Fr. Kevin Hegarty, asserted in 2018 that the church's authority was undermined by the 4212: 772:(BSA), 33% of over-75s identified as C of E, while only 1% of people aged 18−24 did so. The report stated that "Britain is becoming more secular not because adults are losing their religion but because older people with an attachment to the C of E and other Christian denominations are gradually being replaced in the population by younger unaffiliated people." 464:, 77.4% of the population practiced Christianity, and the figure decreased to 67.7% in 2021, about a 10 digit decrease in a decade. The number of church members leaving the Church saw a particularly large increase during the fall of 2010. This was caused by statements regarding homosexuality and same-sex marriage – perceived to be intolerant towards 422:

in Austria (91%), Switzerland and Italy (90%), and Ireland and the United Kingdom (89%). The proportion of respondents who currently identify as Christian has been in decline in Czechia and Slovakia; meanwhile, the proportion of respondents who currently identify as Christian has been stable or even increased in the rest of the

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Hugh McLeod, emeritus professor of Church History at the University of Birmingham, provides a helpful summary of the decline of Christendom in Western Europe in four stages: 1 Toleration of alternative forms of Christianity (in the Reformation and post-Reformation era in the 16th century and onward).

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Despite other countries of South and Central America and also Caribbean who had seen an increasing of religiosity the last 30 years, cases of sexual abuse, attempts to hide information, and interference in government affairs have been the main causes of the decline of Christianity in Chile. According

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The percentage of people belonging to some form of Christianity decreased from 52.2% the 2016 Census to 43.9% in the 2021 Census. Meanwhile, those declaring that they had no religion increased from 30% in the 2016 Census to 38.9% in the 2021 Census. In a 2017 survey of teenage Australians aged 13–18,

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joints, skating parks, strip clubs and bars. In Germany, 500 Catholic churches have closed since 2000. Canada has lost 20% of its churches in this time frame. This is the result of a lack of clergy who are willing to staff churches as well as the result of the churches' inability to meet costs. After

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criticized the methodology of the two-step approach: "Presumably, this is because some respondents who are relatively low in religious practice or belief would answer the first question by saying that they have no religion, while the same respondents would identify as Christian, Muslim, Jewish, etc.,

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One of the most significant transformations in twentieth-century Christianity is the emergence and development of Pentecostalism. With over five hundred million followers, it is the fastest-growing movement in the world. An incredibly diverse movement, it has influenced many sectors of Christianity,

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The ISTAT (the National Institute of Statistics), in surveying a whole range of news about the daily life of the population each year, also includes the question "Habitually how often do you go to church or other place of worship?", while it does not record religious affiliation, which is considered

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closed almost 40 Catholic churches and schools. In 2016, increasing costs and priest shortages fueled plans to close or consolidate up to 100 Chicago Catholic churches and schools in the next 15 years. The Archdiocese of New York announced in 2014 that nearly one-third of their churches were merging

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In 2019, 65% of American adults described themselves as Christians. In 2020, 47% of Americans said that they belonged to a church, down from 70% in 1999; this was the first time that a poll found less than half of Americans belonging to a church. Nationwide Catholic membership increased between 2000

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Although Mexico is the second largest Catholic country in the world in terms of members, Catholicism has been declining over the past 30 years, from 89.7% of the population in 1990 to 77.7% in 2020. The number of Catholics in Mexico have decreased by 20.5% since 1950. In 2020, 8.1% of Mexicans did

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began to weaken and the population became less religious. In 1971, 39% of the Dutch population were members of the Roman Catholic Church; by 2014, their share of the population had dropped to 23.3% (church-reported KASKI data), or to 23.7% (large sample survey by Statistics Netherlands in 2015). The

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In Western Europe, Christians have relatively low retention rates in the Netherlands (57%), Norway (62%), Belgium and Sweden (65%); the majority of those who have left Christianity in these countries now identify as religiously unaffiliated. Meanwhile, Christians have relatively high retention rates

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may maintain, or even increase, the current numerical advantage of Christianity as the largest religion in the world. In the United States, there have been some conversions to Christianity among those who grew up non-religious, but they have not been in numbers that make up for those who were raised

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Christianity, the largest religion in the United States, experienced a 20th-century high of 91% of the total population in 1976. This declined to 73.7% by 2016 and 64% in 2022. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) lost about 30% of its congregation and closed 12.5% of its churches: the

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steadily since the 1980s. In 2021, a French poll showed that over half of French citizens do not believe in God or consider Christianity to be irrelevant. People who identified as Catholic declined from 81% in 1986 to 47% in 2020, while the number of people who identified as not religious rose from

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Scholars have proposed that Church institutions decline in power and prominence in most industrialized societies, except in cases in which religion serves some function in society beyond merely regulating the relationship between individuals and God. Developing countries in Latin America and Africa

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showed that the overall decline of white Christians in America had slowed, stabilizing at around 44% of the population. It also showed that, contrary to expectations, white evangelicals had continued to decline and that they were now outnumbered by white mainline Protestants. Conversely, the Pew

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This proportion more than doubled in two decades, to reach 41.9% in the 2013 census, and the figure increased again to 48.2% in the 2018 census. At the same time, the Christian population declined from 47.65% in 2013 Census to 37.31% in 2018 Census. In the 2018 Census, the New Zealand population

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throughout the next four decades. However, Christianity may experience the largest net losses in terms of religious conversion, according to expectations. Worldwide, religious conversions are projected to have a "modest impact on changes in the Christian population" between 2010 and 2050 and may

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The 2014 Religious Landscape Study found a large majority of those who were raised as Christians in the United States still identify as such (retention rate of 87.6% among those raised Christian), while those who no longer identify as Christians mostly identify as religiously unaffiliated. More

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In New Zealand, there has been a decrease in Christianity and increase in the population declaring "No religious affiliation". The reason for this is attributed to the decline in belief in institutional religion and increase in Secularism. In the 1991 census, 20.2% of the New Zealand population

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Netherlands that had developed systems of government welfare and secular charity. The declining influence of religious institutions in public life allowed great religious, philosophical and theological pluralism in the private and individual spheres of Dutch society. During the 1960s and 1970s,

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have been declining for several decades. As of 2021, less than half of German citizens belong to a church for the first time in the country's history. Around 52.7% of the population were Christians, among them, 49.7% members of the two large Christian churches. Around 360,000 Catholics left the

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In Austria, between 1971 and 2021 Christianity declined from 93.8% to 68.2% (Catholism from 87.4% to 55.2% and Protestantism from 6% to 3.8%) while people with no religion rose from 4.3% to 22.4%. Currently, Christianity is adhered to by 68.2% of the country's population, according to the 2021

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owned schools to be baptized keeps the overall level of baptisms high, though the number of individuals practicing a faith or attending church is decreasing. Problems arising from the sexual abuse of children and the historical persecution of single mothers and their families have also greatly

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In the projection model, all directions of switching are possible, and they may be partially offsetting. In the United States, for example, surveys find that some people who were raised with no religious affiliation have switched to become Christians, while some who grew up as Christians have

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In a study published in 2022, Pew Research Center projected that if the rate of decline continues to accelerate, Christians will make up less than half of the American population by 2070, with estimated ranges for that year falling between 35% and 46% of the American population. In 2024, Pew

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Adherence to established forms of church-related worship is in rapid decline in Italy and Spain, and Church authority on social, moral and ethical issues has been reduced. Daily church attendance has declined but Catholicism still remains the predominant religion in Spain and Italy. However,

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and Pentecostalism, a branch of Protestant Christianity. Islam grew at an annual average of 1.9 percent between 2000 and 2017, mainly as the result of a high birth rate. Pentecostalism grew at an average of 2.2 percent each year, mainly by conversion. Half of developing-world Christians are

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by birth) has been the norm. Non-denominationalism increased in the Netherlands during the 19th century. This process slowed between the 1930s and 1960s, after which non-denominational affiliation increased at very high levels. The Church's ministry to the poor was not needed in the modern

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As of 2015, 63% of Dutch people think that religion does more harm than good. A quarter of the population thinks that morality is threatened if no one believes in God, down from 40% in 2006. The number of people reporting that they never pray rose from 36% in 2006 to 53% in 2016. In 2015,

1159:, the number of Chileans who declare themselves Catholics fell from 73% in 2008 to 45% in 2018. In addition, it is the Latin American country that has less trust (36%) in the Church throughout the region according to Latinobarómetro. 63% of the Chilean population profess some branch of 393:

In 2017, Pew Research Center have found that the number of Christians in Europe, is in decline. This is mainly because the number of deaths is estimated to exceed the number of births among European Christians, in addition to lower fertility and switching to no religious affiliation.

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negatively affect the growth of Christian population and its share of the world's populations "slightly". However, these forecasts lack reliable data on religious conversion in China, but according to media reports and expert assessments, it is possible that the rapid growth of

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countries, the proportion of Christians has either been stable or it has increased in the post-communist era. A large majority (83%) of those who were raised as Christians in Western Europe still identify as such. The remainder mostly self-identify as religiously unaffiliated.

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In 2018, Pew Research Center have found a retention rate among Western European Christians of around 83% (ranging from 57% in the Netherlands to 91% in Austria). Despite the decline in Christian affiliation in Western Europe, Christianity is still the largest religion in

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Worldwide, religious switching is projected to have a modest impact on changes in the Christian population. Christians would make up a slightly larger share of the world's inhabitants in 2050 (32% rather than 31%) if religious switching were not taken into

580:, the government institute that gathers statistical information about the Netherlands, found that Christians comprised 43.8% of the total population. With only 49.9% of the Dutch currently (2015) adhering to a religion, the Netherlands is one of the least 891:

found that only 68% of Canadians 15 years and older reported having a religious affiliation, marking the first time the number had dipped below 70% since StatCan began tracking religious affiliation in 1985. Christianity remains the largest religion in

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the rate of annual closures is approximately 1% and quite low relative to other types of institutions. It has been asserted that of the approximately 3,700 churches that close each year, up to half are unsuccessful new churches. The more conservative

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reported in 2021 that the denomination has been declining in membership. In 2020, the church reported approximately 1.8 million total baptized members, a decline from its peak in 1971 when it reported nearly 2.8 million total baptized members.

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church in 2021 alone, and about 280,000 people have left Protestant churches. In 2017, Pew Research Center have found that the number of deaths is estimated to exceed the number of births among German Christians by nearly 1.4 million.

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announced the closing of 35 parishes. In 2024, the Archdiocese of Baltimore announced that two thirds of their parishes would be closing. Nationally, Catholic school enrollment has declined by more than 430,000 students since 2008.

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identified a "dramatic decline" in religious affiliation across Europe from 1981 to 2008; however, according to the same analysis, "the majority of young respondents in Europe claimed that they belonged to a Christian denomination".

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had the sharpest decline, losing over 40% of its congregation and 15.4% of its churches between 2000 and 2015. Infant baptism has also decreased; nationwide, Catholic baptisms declined by nearly 34%, and ELCA baptisms by over 40%.

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church, increased from 2.1% up from 1.7% in 2016. However, like other forms of Christianity, it also has declined in 2021 Census. Most of the followers of the Pentecostal churches are young as the average age among them is 25.

2971: 907:, over 500 churches (20% of the total) have been closed or converted for non-worship based uses. In the 1950s, 95% of Quebec's population went to Mass; in the present day, that number is closer to 5%. Despite the decline in 3409: 953:

Research Center published a study stating that the percentage of American adults who identify as religiously unaffiliated, known as "nones", numbered 28%, higher than Catholics at 23% and Evangelical Protestants at 24%.

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claimed that an "allergic reaction" to conservative Christians had caused the decline of the religion as a whole, primarily towards how certain conservative Christians generally do not support the advancement of

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In 2022, it was estimated that 50.7% of the German population were Christians, among them, 47.4% members of the two large Christian churches. Attendance and membership in both Catholic and Protestant churches in

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recent studies have found a retention rate closer to 67%, with one-third of those who were Christian in childhood leaving the religion by age 30. The 2014 study found that 84% of all adults who were raised as

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reported that Pope Francis's State visit to Chile in 2018 "had been the worst in his five years of pontificate." After the papal visit, the crisis in the Chilean Catholic Church increased. According to the

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had slight increases in membership between 2003 and 2018, but the number of adults in the United States who do not report any religious affiliation nearly doubled over that period. However, in 2021, the

2781: 688:(ISTAT) data, less than 19% of Italians have declared themselves to be practicing. While the proportion of those who have never practiced a religion has doubled, from 16% in 2001 to 31% in 2022. 3329: 1203:

Uruguay is one of the world's most secular nations. A recent AmericasBarometer study indicated that almost 63% of Uruguayans are unaffiliated. The LatinoBarometro survey puts the number at 47%.

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from the eighteenth century onward. From the mid-twentieth century, there has been a gradual decline in adherence to established Christianity. In a process described as secularization, "

534:; only two priests have been ordained over the last 17 years, and there have been no candidates for the priesthood since 2013. Hegarty blames this decline on the Church's positions on 2960: 2506: 1445: 251:

if presented with a list of religions and asked to choose among them. The impact of these differences in question wording and format may vary considerably from country to country".

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has witnessed the highest retention rate among all Christian denominations. In 2015, 9.2% of the UK population was Catholic. According to scholar Stephen Bullivant, based on the

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In the West, since at least the mid-twentieth century there has been a gradual decline in adherence to established Christianity. In a process described as secularization, "

2476: 2398: 1920: 3511: 3098:"9. The forward march of the Christian churches halted? Organisational stasis and the crisis of the associational ideal in early twentieth-century religious institutions" 4717: 2947:¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a? 2755: 3811: 1692: 4055: 2195: 2670:[Population by religion, denomination and gender: censuses 1930, 1949, 2001, 2011, 2022] (report with only the major subdivisions of religious denominations). 2371: 3300: 2894: 1063:

Moderate and liberal denominations in the United States have been closing down churches at a rate three or four times greater than the number of new churches being

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in those countries where the Church offers broad social support services. Together with the decline of Western Christians, increasing numbers of Christians in the

3393: 1980: 3062: 1595: 1558: 172:

will form a "new Christendom" in which the majority of the world's Christian population will be found in the South. According to various scholars and sources,

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Pentecostalism is widely recognized as the fastest-growing Christian movement in the world by religious scholars, reaching into many different denominations.

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The Netherlands has tolerated greater religious diversity among Christian sects than Scandinavian countries, where "automatism" (default registration in the

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Today, one quarter of the two billion Christians in the world are Pentecostal or Charismatic. Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religion in the world.

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In the 2022 Scotland census, for the first time a majority of people stated that they did not identify with any religion - 51.1%, up from 36.7% in 2011.

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Cafferata, Gail (June 2017). "Respect, Challenges, and Stress among Protestant Pastors Closing a Church: Structural and Identity Theory Perspectives".

3333: 1725: 1823: 2640:; from the 1920, 1930, 1941 and 1949 censuses of independent Hungary between the two 20th-century World Wars; from measurements in the 1990s in post- 1137:, a perspective primarily shared by younger people like millennials. Gabbatt and other researchers interviewed in the article particularly blame the 1785: 1030:

churches in Minnesota have seen the sharpest declines in their congregations. The Catholic Church has closed 81 churches between 2000 and 2017; the

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survey, atheism has grown from 21% in 2018 to 32% in 2019 and then to 36% in 2020 and 37% in 2021. Despite the decline of Roman Catholic Church,

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has experienced decline: between 2006 and 2020, it lost 2.3 million members, representing a 14% decrease in membership during that period. The

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In 2022, there were fewer than 42,000 nuns in the United States, a 76% decline over 50 years, with fewer than 1% of nuns under age 40. The

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According to Scholars, in 2017, Europe's population was 77.8% Christian (up from 74.9% 1970). These changes were largely the result of the

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Peterson, Paul Silas (2017). "1. An introduction to the essays and to the phenomenon of established Christianity in the Western World".

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Csordás, Gabor; Vukovich, Gabriella; Ináncsi, Zita; Kovács, Marcell; Waffenschmidt, Jánosné (2014). Éva Varga, Krisztina Trybek (ed.).

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With its remarkable ability to adapt to different cultures, Pentecostalism has become the world's fastest growing religious movement.

1042:, which is Minnesota's second-largest Protestant denomination, has closed 65 of its churches. In the early 1990s, the Archdiocese of 3211: 2937: 670: 685: 4286: 4841: 4788: 3184: 2484: 2912: 2869: 1290:

In the last survey year (2022), regular practice involves 15% of the male population and 22% of the female population in Italy.

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of Saint Paul and Minneapolis closed 21 churches in 2010 and has had to merge dozens more. In roughly the same time frame, the

56:. While most countries in the Western world were historically almost exclusively Christian, the post-World War II era has seen 4665: 4631: 3941: 3453: 3428:"We're told Pentecostal churches like Hillsong are growing in Australia, but they're not anymore – is there a gender problem?" 1899: 1501: 4450: 3768: 3741: 3710: 3683: 3656: 3142: 3110: 2035: 1990: 1803: 1645: 1100: 3992: 4878: 2667: 2600: 1451:(Report). St Mary's University's Benedict XVI Centre for Religion and Society; Institut Catholique de Paris. Archived from 965: 750:(C of E) Christmas service. Nevertheless, around 60% of all respondents still identified as Christians in the 2011 Census. 627: 617: 605: 3158: 1446:

Europe's Young Adults and Religion: Findings from the European Social Survey (2014-16) to inform the 2018 Synod of Bishops

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announced that 60% of Catholic churches (approximately 100 churches total) would be closing there in the next five years.

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proportion of adherents of Calvinism and Methodism declined in the same period from 31% to 15.5%. In 2022, the diocese of

2996: 911:, Christianity remains the largest religion in Quebec, where 64.82% of people were Christians, according to 2021 census. 239: 3891: 2451:"Etat des lieux de la laïcité en France - Edition 2021 (sondage réalisé par Viavoice pour l'Observatoire de la laïcité)" 310: 151: 4888: 4527: 1673: 1418: 1111: 1080: 1878: 1734:

Pentecostalism grew at a rate of 2.2 percent each year, mainly by conversion. Half of developing-world Christians are

4873: 4553: 3330:"Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016 : Religion in Australia" 2284: 2259: 2205: 1841: 1536: 1006: 531: 3249: 2114: 4554:"The number of religious Americans has been declining for decades, but a new study suggests that trend is stalling" 1602: 1138: 1130: 1010: 4770: 4305: 3586: 2575: 1908:

The world's fastest-growing religion is not any type of fundamentalism, but the Pentecostal wing of Christianity.

1413: 1103:, the largest Orthodox church in the United States, reported membership losses during a 40-year period. In 2015, 769: 758: 609: 4249: 1860: 1180: 1156: 673:, 55.6% of Spaniards self-identified as Catholic in 2023, but only 18.3% claimed to be "practicing" Catholics. 612:

became very liberal in the 1980s and 1990s. As a result of the decline, the two major strands of Calvinism, the

3967: 1758: 843: 291: 4231: 3837: 3010: 2823:

Tomáš Sobotka and Feray Adigüzel, "Religiosity and spatial demographic differences in the Netherlands" (2002)

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denominations have also declined, representing 23% of the population in 2006 and 14% in 2020 according to the

817: 4193: 3473:

The Future of Christianity: Historical, Sociological, Political and Theological Perspectives from New Zealand

2531: 1134: 601: 469: 4267: 4081: 3471:

Ward, Kevin (2004). "'No Longer Believing' – or – 'Believing without Belonging'". In Stenhouse, John (ed.).

2301:"Special Eurobarometer 516 : European citizens' knowledge and attitudes towards science and technology" 2059:"Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues" 592:. By the 1980s, religion had largely lost its influence on Dutch politics, and as a result Dutch policy on 2849: 1119:

Research Center found in 2022 that the decline had continued to accelerate over the previous fifty years.

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52% declared that they had no religion, compared with 38% Christian, 3% Muslim, 2% Buddhist and 1% Hindu.

696: 194:

found that in most European countries in 2008, the majority of young respondents identified themselves as

2827: 2657: 1941: 961: 597: 295: 131: 124: 3917:"Religious 'Nones' Now Outnumber All Individual Religious Cohorts, Outpacing Catholics and Evangelicals" 3572: 2636:(study containing data from the 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 censuses of Hungary when it was part of 2614: 1381: 1055:

announced that 70% of Catholic churches would be closing there in the next several years. In May 2023,

3612: 2628:[Religious relations in Hungary in the light of censuses and other population data collection] 2527: 1962:

Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital

705: 165: 4325:"Archbishop of St. Louis closes 35 parishes, reassigns 155 priests in Catholic church reorganization" 2807:

Hans Knippenberg, "Secularization in the Netherlands in its historical and geographical dimensions,"

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Many scholars claim that Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religious phenomenon in human history.

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Attempts to restore the Roman Catholic Christian faith in Chile have failed. The Argentine newspaper

4362:"Chicago-area Catholic schools enrollment drops, with worst decline among pre-kindergarten students" 4108: 3862: 2300: 418:

countries the proportion of Christians has been stable or even increased in the post-communist era.

4898: 1743: 1168: 1018: 736: 4056:"Southern Baptist decline continues, denomination has lost more than 2 million members since 2006" 1947:

flourishing in Africa, Latin America, and Asia and having an equally significant effect on Canada.

1795: 4893: 2334: 1997:

Pentecostalism arguably has been the fastest growing religious movement in the contemporary world

1311: 1039: 1002: 990: 371: 4343:"Baltimore's Catholic archdiocese will cut parishes as attendance falls and infrastructure ages" 1833: 4883: 4501: 3522: 1087: 998: 762: 635: 577: 180: 3758: 3727: 3700: 3646: 3544: 3103:

Religion in the age of decline: Organisation and experience in industrial Yorkshire, 1870–1920

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and they also emphasize the need for a spiritual rebirth). Why are people so attracted to it?.

298:", which is characterized by observance of various spiritual concepts without adhering to any 3231:"One in six young people are Christian as visits to church buildings inspire them to convert" 1635: 1564:. The Future of World Religions (Report). Pew Research Center. pp. 59−69. Archived from 1069: 1052: 944:

United Methodist church lost 16.7% of its congregation and closed 10.2% of its churches. The

754: 613: 367: 227: 191: 156: 3673: 2782:"Some church teachings have 'as much validity as Danny Healy Rae's views on climate change'" 2668:"A népesség vallás, felekezet és nemek szerint: népszámlálások 1930, 1949, 2001, 2011, 2022" 2626:"Magyarország vallási viszonyai a népszámlálások és egyéb lakossági adatfelvételek tükrében" 2613:(report with retrospective data from the 1930, 1941, 1949 and 2001 censuses). Archived from 1960: 1601:. The Future of World Religions (Report). Pew Research Center. pp. 5−23. Archived from 3733: 3135:

The Decline of Established Christianity in the Western World: Interpretations and Responses

2323:(see Volume B: EU/socio-demographics: Question D90.2. "Do you consider yourself to be..."). 2320: 1395: 1056: 788: 184: 2545: 727:, with both membership in mainstream churches and attendance at Sunday schools declining. 8: 4197: 3726:

Gregory, Derek; Johnston, Ron; Pratt, Geraldine; Watts, Michael; Whatmore, Sarah (2009).

2812: 2376: 2347: 2308: 2014:

Vincett, Giselle; Dunlop, Sarah; Sammet, Kornelia; Yendell, Alexander (30 January 2015).

1315: 1104: 1027: 994: 945: 511: 407: 314:

Largest (non-)religious group by EU member state according to Eurobarometer survey 2019.

247: 220: 147: 914:

With the loss of Christianity's monopoly after having once been central and integral to

4582:"The Proportion Of White Christians In The U.S. Has Stopped Shrinking, New Study Finds" 4404: 4019: 3812:"Mexican bishops respond to data showing increasingly fewer Catholics in their country" 3039:[Aspects of daily life: Religious practice – regions and municipal divisions]. 1707: 1167:

identifies as Christian, with an estimated 45% of Chileans declaring to be part of the

681: 647: 581: 299: 135: 45: 4476:"Protestants decline, more have no religion in a sharply shifting religious landscape" 3097: 847:

Percentage of Christians per Canadian province or territory based on 2021 Census data

4815:"Encuesta Cadem: Visita del Papa no mejoró la imagen de la Iglesia Católica en Chile" 4639: 4431: 4408: 4396: 3764: 3737: 3706: 3679: 3652: 3620: 3188: 3138: 3106: 3070: 2372:"Christians remain world's largest religious group, but they are declining in Europe" 2280: 2255: 2201: 2031: 2015: 1986: 1837: 1799: 1669: 1641: 1532: 1233: 977:

continue to identify as such or identify now with different Christian denominations,

908: 888: 804:

The only form of Christianity that showed a significant growth in 2016 Census is the

747: 709: 663: 659: 593: 258:

lamented the ongoing trend of re-purposing churches: some of them were being used as

57: 4789:"La gira en Chile del Papa se convierte en la peor de sus cinco años de pontificado" 4666:"'Allergic reaction to US religious right' fueling decline of religion, experts say" 4508:. 12 August 2021. Breaking & Latest News, Greece, Cyprus, Hellenic Diaspora News 3301:"Scotland's Census – religion, ethnic group, language and national identity results" 821:

Population recorded as having 'no religion' overtook Christianity in the 2018 census

452:

16% to 40%. In 2021, around 50% of all French respondents identified as Christians.

4718:"Cifra de chilenos que se declaran católicos bajó de 73% a 45% en la última década" 4388: 3487:"Diverse Communities – Exploring the Migrant and Refugee Experience in New Zealand" 3037:"Aspetti della vita quotidiana : Pratica religiosa - regioni e tipo di comune" 2649: 2023: 1829: 1791: 1243: 919: 915: 904: 743: 515: 427: 415: 203: 73: 65: 4268:"One Third Of New York Catholic Churches Will Merge Or Close As Fewer Attend Mass" 3357:"Religion in Australia: What are the Implications of 'None' being the New Normal?" 2941: 1565: 723:

Attendance at Anglican churches had begun to decline in the United Kingdom by the

3516: 3413: 2831: 2786: 2675:"Population by religion and gender according to the 2001, 2011 and 2022 censuses" 2637: 2450: 2027: 1706:

Pentecostal, evangelical or charismatic (all branches of the faith emphasize the

1220: 680:

self-identified as "Christians". However, although most of the population claims

560: 3036: 1312:"Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region" 183:– is the fastest growing religion in the world; this growth is primarily due to 4020:"Does Catholicism have a Future in Chicago? Traditionalism and Cardinal Cupich" 2653: 2304: 1739: 1735: 1248: 1192: 1076: 978: 793: 739: 728: 585: 539: 423: 411: 399: 387: 212: 199: 173: 104: 4392: 1784:

Miller, Donald E; Sargeant, Kimon H; Flory, Richard, eds. (9 September 2013).

530:. He reported that there is only one priest under the age of 40 in the entire 4867: 4643: 4435: 4400: 3624: 3545:"'Gone by 2040': Why some religions are declining in Canada faster than ever" 3074: 2507:"Up to 18,000 Finns leave Lutheran Church over broadcasted anti-gay comments" 2342: 724: 565: 538:, contraception and sexuality. A continued requirement for children entering 527: 521: 379: 283: 177: 120: 108: 100: 88: 69: 49: 638:

found that 50.1% of the adult population declared no religious affiliation.

626:('Together on the road churches'). In 2004, these groups merged to form the 4159: 3386:"Christianity on the wane in Australia, but Pentecostal church bucks trend" 1475: 1160: 1124: 1122:

An article written by Adam Gabbatt in April 2021 for the British newspaper

1095: 974: 732: 383: 375: 276: 272: 208: 169: 84: 53: 3276:"Hundred Scottish churches up for sale as UK turns away from Christianity" 3061:

Booth, Robert; Duncan, Pamela; García, Carmen Aguilar (29 November 2022).

1396:"North America: Canada — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency" 21: 4109:"Reversing the LCMS membership decline: Not just by having more children" 2016:"Young People and Religion and Spirituality in Europe: A Complex Picture" 1228: 1172: 1064: 1031: 805: 507: 465: 287: 116: 2106: 896:, in the 2021 census, 53.3% of the population identified as Christians. 746:

country". That same year, only 4.3% of the population participated in a

551: 160:

as Christians but became religiously unaffiliated later in their lives.

3159:"2011 Census: KS209EW Religion, local authorities in England and Wales" 2713:"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe" 2644:

Hungary, and from the 2001 and 2011 censuses in 21st-century Hungary).

2543: 1471:"'Christianity as default is gone': The rise of a non-Christian Europe" 1238: 923: 717: 713: 195: 77: 61: 42: 3587:"Falling from Grace - The Rise and Fall of the Quebec Catholic Church" 4744:"Chile es el país de América Latina que menos confía en las iglesias" 4692:"Fe en crisis: La religiosidad de los católicos en tiempos difíciles" 4528:"PEW study reveals critical decline in Orthodox religious membership" 4009:

Jeff Diamant, "Faith on the Hill," Pew Research Center, Jan. 3, 2023.

3613:"Where Churches Have Become Temples of Cheese, Fitness and Eroticism" 2641: 1810:

Pentecostalism is the fastest-growing religious movement in the world

1693:"Protestantism: The fastest growing religion in the developing world" 1107:

reported a decline among the Orthodox Churches in the United States.

1023: 570: 406:

identified themselves as Christian, according to a 2018 study by the

268: 219:

identified themselves as Christian, according to a 2018 study by the

112: 26: 4608:"White Evangelicals Now Outnumbered by Mainline Protestants in U.S." 3063:"England and Wales now minority Christian countries, census reveals" 2426:"Less than half of people believe in God in 2021, French poll finds" 103:, the religion is declining in many of these areas, particularly in 2681:(report with the detailed subdivisions of religious denominations). 1822:

Anderson, Allan; Bergunder, Michael; Droogers, Andre (9 May 2012).

1214: 1038:

in Minnesota has lost 200,000 members and closed 150 churches. The

986: 2138:"Pope laments old churches being turned into strip clubs and bars" 1668:(Revised and expanded ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1001:(62%) continue to identify as such or identify now with different 620:, together with a small Lutheran group, began to cooperate as the 4422:

Dart, John (6 May 2008). "Church-closing rate only one percent".

1043: 589: 495: 482: 461: 30: 4842:"Chile: Solo el 45% se declara católico y ateos ascienden a 32%" 2870:"Amsterdam diocese: 60% of churches need to close in five years" 1787:

Spirit and Power: The Growth and Global Impact of Pentecostalism

1527:

Bargsted, Matías; M. Somma, Nicolás; Valenzuel, Eduardo (2019).

555:

Church converted into Belgian Beer Cafe in Utrecht, Netherlands.

390:, accounting 66.1% of the EU population, down from 72% in 2012. 2077:"Researcher finds a dramatic decline of Christianity in Europe" 1480: 1048: 982: 900: 893: 448: 403: 264: 243: 216: 119:. A decline in Christianity among countries in Latin America's 96: 92: 4768: 4038:"Nun shortage is reaching crisis with fewer sisters in the US" 2477:"Belonging to a religious community by age and sex, 2000–2021" 468:– made by a conservative bishop and a politician representing 2824: 2623: 1702: 1195:

still maintains the same percentage of adherents since 2012.

1051:

closed more than 70 churches between 2004 and 2019. In 2021,

677: 259: 4250:"Archdiocese May Close Nearly 100 Churches in Next 15 Years" 3757:

Berman, Bruce J.; Bhargava, Rajeev; Lalibert, Andre (2013).

2604: 2197:

The Decline of Established Christianity in the Western World

4213:"Latinos who are religiously unaffiliated continue to grow" 3786:"Mexico's Catholic bishops admit they're losing the people" 3407:

2016 Census of Population and General Community (Sheet G14)

1726:"Why is Protestantism flourishing in the developing world?" 255: 4287:"Closed Churches Become Condos, Dollar Tree, Hockey Rinks" 4134: 3942:"In U.S., Decline of Christianity Continues at Rapid Pace" 2528:

Numbers and Facts about Church Life in the EKD 2021 Report

2245: 2243: 2013: 1502:"In U.S., Decline of Christianity Continues at Rapid Pace" 4160:"Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod (LCMS)| Religious Groups" 3725: 3250:"Atheism on the rise in Britain as Christianity declines" 1821: 1526: 1175:

churches. 5% of the population adhere to other religion.

830:

claiming "No religion" officially overtook Christianity.

34: 3426:

Shorter, Rosie Clare; Riches, Tanya (26 February 2023).

3212:"Anglican church congregation numbers have 'stabilised'" 2544:

Weltanschauungen in Deutschland (fowid) (27 June 2022).

1763:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

1506:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

1360:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

1304: 494:

According to some sources, Christianity is declining in

4848:(in Spanish). Español-valores con alma para vivir feliz 2843: 2841: 2839: 2240: 1879:"Pentecostalism: Massive Global Growth Under the Radar" 1666:

The Next Christendom: The coming of global Christianity

1005:. Significant minorities of those raised in nearly all 3993:"U.S. Decline of Christianity Continues At Rapid Pace" 3756: 3702:

Christians in a Secular World: The Canadian Experience

3013:[Italy: steep decline in religious practice]. 2961:"Global Religion - Religious Beliefs Across the World" 2277:

African Perspectives on Culture and World Christianity

2099: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 1861:"Pentecostalism—the fastest growing religion on earth" 676:

In Italy, about 68% of participants in a 2023 poll by

543:

contributed to the decline of Catholicism in Ireland.

3892:"As churches close in Minnesota, a way of life fades" 2836: 2169:"Decline of Christianity Shows No Signs of Stopping" 1944:. McGill–Queen's University Press. 9 February 2009. 1825:

Studying Global Pentecostalism: Theories and Methods

1664:

Jenkins, Philip (2007). "The Christian Revolution".

1210: 267:

where a deconsecrated church became the venue for a

16:

Decline Christian affiliation within Western society

3750: 3719: 3575:. Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada. 8 May 2013. 3222: 2694:"The Myth Of A Christian Revival In Eastern Europe" 2252:

Yearbook of International Religious Demography 2017

2250:Zurlo, Gina; Skirbekk, Vegard; Grim, Brian (2019). 2044: 1979:Treier, Daniel J.; Elwell, Walter A., eds. (2017). 1783: 1529:

Atheism and Nonreligion in Latin America, Geography

1384:. Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada. 8 May 2013. 3855: 3665: 3096: 2366: 2364: 164:are not experiencing a decline, mostly because of 52:has been observed in the decades since the end of 4632:"The rapid decline of White evangelical America?" 3332:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from 3060: 2913:"Young Poles abandoning 'frozen' Catholic Church" 2895:"Kardinaal Eijk blokkeert bezoek paus Franciscus" 2857:. Centraal Bureau voor der Statistiek. p. 5. 2576:"Catholic Church in 'Profound Crisis' in Germany" 2249: 4865: 3968:"Americans are going to church less, poll finds" 3934: 3705:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 174. 3651:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 359. 3567: 3565: 3187:. National Office for Statistics. Archived from 2293: 796:church in Australia, now in use as a restaurant. 4771:"Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario 2019: Religión" 3380: 3378: 3011:"Italia: in forte ribasso la pratica religiosa" 2997:"Italy: Historic Decline in Religious Practice" 2730: 2361: 2279:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 2–4. 1985:(Third ed.). Baker Academic. p. 469. 1092:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1086:The Orthodox Church and the denominations like 1026:were being closed due to dwindling attendance. 716:. Around 37.2% of the population identified as 361: 30% Catholic, 30% non-religious (Germany) 3671: 2609:[2011 Census: religion, denomination] 1828:. University of California Press Scholarship. 1701:At the heart of this religious resurgence are 526:, that established the Church's opposition to 290:era in the sixteenth century led to a gradual 3562: 3425: 2945: 1587: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1186: 150:survey, Christianity will continue to be the 4306:"The Managed Decline of the Catholic Church" 3638: 3375: 2851:De religieuze kaart van Nederland, 2010–2015 2761:. Central Statistics Office. p. 4, q.12 2743:. Central Statistics Office. p. 4, q.12 2691: 1978: 1921:"Witnessing The New Reach Of Pentecostalism" 1720: 1718: 4576: 4574: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4082:"SBC loses another 435,000 members in 2020" 3863:"Five Key Findings on Religion in the U.S." 3324: 3322: 2499: 1414:"The American Religious Landscape in 2020s" 621: 519: 4451:"The strange decline of US evangelicalism" 4372: 4200:: Religion & Public Life. 12 May 2015. 4107:Ross, Paula Schlueter (28 February 2017). 3678:. University of Toronto Press. p. 3. 3354: 1952: 1900:"More Religion, but Not the Old-Time Kind" 1687: 1685: 1545: 1374: 1141:for pushing social conservative policies. 510:, remains the predominant religion in the 4378: 4274:. Religion News Service. 5 November 2014. 4164:The Association of Religion Data Archives 3809: 3692: 3648:Recent Social Trends in Canada, 1960–2000 3105:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2274: 2107:"European Social Survey, Online Analysis" 1834:10.1525/california/9780520266612.001.0001 1796:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199920570.001.0001 1759:"The Changing Global Religious Landscape" 1715: 1629: 1627: 1531:. Springer Publishing. pp. 137–142. 1443: 582:religious countries of the European Union 87:is currently the predominant religion in 4839: 4571: 4448: 4359: 4322: 4284: 4194:"America's Changing Religious Landscape" 4177: 3610: 3319: 3132: 2847: 2773: 2710: 2548:[Church members: 49.7 percent]. 2443: 2193: 2069: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1659: 1657: 1468: 1439: 1437: 842: 816: 787: 712:, 46.2% of the population identified as 695: 686:Italian National Institute of Statistics 550: 309: 238:In 2017, a report which was released by 64:educational facilities shifting towards 20: 4840:Gayangos, Macarena (20 November 2019). 4769:Centro de Políticas Pública UC (2019). 4762: 4663: 4605: 4360:Anderson, Javonte (22 September 2020). 4303: 3965: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3835: 3783: 3644: 3542: 3451: 3228: 3209: 2944:, 4,090 respondents. The question was " 2685: 2573: 2521: 2135: 1790:. Oxford University Press Scholarship. 1682: 1663: 1559:"2. Religious Groups (2.1: Christians)" 700:Abandoned church in Greenock, Scotland. 4866: 4689: 4551: 4232:"CHURCHES MAY SHUT, COMMUNITY DOESN'T" 4210: 3760:Secular States and Religious Diversity 3672:Bramadat, Paul; Seljak, David (2009). 3475:. Adelaide: AFT Press. pp. 64–66. 3273: 3247: 3151: 2867: 2624:Benedek Kovács, Mátyás Lajtai (2020). 2607:"Népszámlálás 2011: vallás, felekezet" 2222:"Discrimination in the European Union" 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2020:Handbook of Children and Youth Studies 1633: 1624: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1266: 1264: 1036:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 232:Handbook of Children and Youth Studies 4786: 4415: 4285:Ottolini, Meghan (28 November 2019). 4133:Synod, The Lutheran Church-Missouri. 3698: 3363:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3094: 2977:from the original on 8 September 2023 2002: 1958: 1654: 1593: 1556: 1434: 1406: 1101:Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America 355: Relative non-religious majority 275:who were seated on the former altar, 4421: 4106: 4062:. Religion News Service. 21 May 2021 3879: 3543:Stewart, Ashleigh (8 January 2022). 3470: 2779: 2601:Hungarian Central Statistical Office 2509:. Helsingin Sanomat. 18 October 2010 2423: 1965:(Thesis). Georgia State University. 1594:Lipka, Michael, ed. (2 April 2015). 1557:Lipka, Michael, ed. (2 April 2015). 918:and daily life, Canada has become a 628:Protestant Church in the Netherlands 618:Reformed Churches in the Netherlands 286:, historical developments since the 3784:Calmard, Diego (25 February 2023). 3165:from the original on 5 January 2016 2481:Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web tietokannat 2148: 1469:Sherwood, Harriet (21 March 2018). 1353:"Being Christian in Western Europe" 1330: 1261: 447:Christianity has been declining in 271:party which featured scantily clad 13: 2868:Coppen, Luke (26 September 2022). 2424:York, Joanna (23 September 2021). 2335:"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" 2200:. Routledge. pp. 46, 76, 84. 2136:Squires, Nick (30 November 2018). 1982:Evangelical Dictionary of Theology 1419:Public Religion Research Institute 1112:Public Religion Research Institute 1081:Public Religion Research Institute 653: 134:" is gaining more prominence over 123:has also contributed to a rise in 14: 4910: 4787:Rubin, Sergio (18 January 2018). 4449:Whittock, Martyn (28 July 2021). 4304:Sammons, Eric (14 October 2021). 4211:Gamboa, Suzanne (13 April 2023). 4132: 3966:Gartner, Jordan (19 April 2022). 3836:Urioste, Jose (26 January 2021). 3729:The Dictionary of Human Geography 3573:"Religions in Canada—Census 2011" 3248:Bassey, Amardeep (11 July 2019). 2546:"Kirchenmitglieder: 49,7 Prozent" 1382:"Religions in Canada—Census 2011" 1007:Christian denominational families 742:stated that the UK had become a " 691: 378:countries. According to the 2021 211:is still the largest religion in 4833: 4807: 4780: 4736: 4710: 4690:Bustos, Andrea (15 April 2019). 4683: 4657: 4624: 4599: 4545: 4520: 4494: 4468: 4442: 4353: 4335: 4323:Bernhard, Blythe (27 May 2023). 4316: 4297: 4278: 4260: 4242: 4229: 4223: 4204: 4152: 4126: 4100: 4074: 4048: 4030: 4012: 4003: 3985: 3959: 3675:Religion and Ethnicity in Canada 3492:. Ministry of Social Development 3229:Rudgard, Olivia (17 June 2017). 2942:"Barómetro de noviembre de 2023" 2711:Mitchell, Travis (10 May 2017). 2228:. 493. European Commission. 2019 2117:from the original on 15 May 2018 1634:Haynes, Jeff (13 October 2014). 1616:switched to become unaffiliated. 1213: 1144: 1116:2020 Census of American Religion 1047:and closing. The Archdiocese of 966:Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod 938: 935:not identify with any religion. 833: 671:Center for Sociological Research 386:was the largest religion in the 331: Relative Catholic majority 3909: 3829: 3803: 3777: 3604: 3579: 3536: 3504: 3479: 3464: 3445: 3419: 3416:Australian Bureau of Statistics 3400: 3348: 3293: 3267: 3241: 3210:Rudgard, Olivia (14 May 2017). 3203: 3177: 3126: 3088: 3054: 3029: 3003: 2989: 2953: 2931: 2905: 2887: 2861: 2817: 2801: 2704: 2692:Will Collins (7 January 2019). 2593: 2574:Michels, Josue (19 July 2022). 2567: 2537: 2469: 2417: 2391: 2327: 2268: 2214: 2187: 2129: 1972: 1934: 1913: 1892: 1871: 1853: 1815: 1777: 1751: 1284: 1274: 770:British Social Attitudes Survey 759:British Social Attitudes Survey 472:in a TV debate on the subject. 374:in the former Soviet Union and 4664:Gabbatt, Adam (5 April 2021). 4552:Vlamis, Kelsey (9 July 2021). 3838:"Religion in Mexico declining" 3611:Bilefsky, Dan (30 July 2018). 3392:. 27 June 2017. Archived from 2022:. Springer. pp. 889–902. 1520: 1494: 1462: 1388: 1165:Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario 812: 546: 302:, is gaining more prominence. 292:separation of church and state 1: 4821:(in Spanish). 22 January 2018 4750:(in Spanish). 29 October 2017 4724:(in Spanish). 12 January 2018 3512:"2018 Census totals by topic" 3452:Simmons, Amy (29 July 2011). 2532:Evangelical Church of Germany 2194:Peterson, Paul Silas (2019). 1297: 975:historically black Protestant 141: 33:which was transformed into a 3454:"The rise of Pentecostalism" 3274:Wright, Joe (16 June 2024). 2483:. Government. Archived from 2028:10.1007/978-981-4451-15-4_39 1053:the Archbishop of Cincinnati 783: 410:. Unlike Western Europe, in 343: More than 75% Orthodox 319: More than 75% Catholic 198:. Unlike Western Europe, in 7: 4879:Disengagement from religion 4606:Kilgore, Ed (8 July 2021). 4502:"The Greek Church in Peril" 3355:Gary Bouma (28 June 2018). 3161:. ons.gov.uk. 2 July 2010. 3017:(in Italian). 8 August 2023 2780:Glenties, Conor Gallagher. 2534:. Retrieved 3 January 2022. 1959:Smith, Keith (9 May 2016). 1637:Religion in Global Politics 1444:Bullivant, Stephen (2018). 1206: 1057:the Archbishop of St. Louis 962:Southern Baptist Convention 506:Christianity, specifically 125:irreligion in Latin America 10: 4915: 4696:Radio Universidad de Chile 3763:. UBC Press. p. 103. 3645:Roberts, Lance W. (2005). 2654:10.20311/stat2020.6.hu0573 2275:Ogbonnaya, Joseph (2017). 1198: 1155:to the public broadcaster 1022:reported that churches in 778: 657: 501: 489: 475: 455: 433: 349: 50–75% non-religious 4889:Criticism of Christianity 4393:10.1007/s11089-016-0751-z 3361:ABC Religion & Ethics 2756:"Census 2016 Sample Form" 2738:"2011 Census Sample Form" 2698:The American Conservative 2554:Giordano Bruno Foundation 1942:"Canadian Pentecostalism" 929: 838: 669:according to the Spanish 641: 442: 372:switching to Christianity 305: 4874:Christianity and society 3237:. Telegraph Media Group. 3218:. Telegraph Media Group. 3095:Green, S. J. D. (1996). 2811:(1998) 45#3 pp 209-220. 2599:Official reports by the 1254: 1149: 1067:. However, according to 1019:Minneapolis Star Tribune 882: 30-39.9% Christian 876: 40-49.9% Christian 870: 50-59.9% Christian 864: 60-69.9% Christian 858: 70-79.9% Christian 852: 80-89.9% Christian 737:Archbishop of Canterbury 152:world's largest religion 4329:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 4135:"LCMS Document Library" 3810:Sanchez Silva, Walter. 3412:10 October 2017 at the 2848:Schmeets, Hans (2016). 2346:, 383, European Union: 1040:United Methodist Church 1003:Christian denominations 402:, where 71% of Western 337: 50–75% Protestant 296:unchurched spirituality 226:A 2015 analysis of the 215:, where 71% of Western 132:unchurched spirituality 4455:www.christiantoday.com 3523:Statistics New Zealand 2946: 2111:nesstar.ess.nsd.uib.no 1708:authority of the Bible 1187: 979:Evangelical Protestant 884: 826:followed No religion. 822: 797: 768:According to the 2018 763:European Social Survey 701: 682:religious affiliations 636:Statistics Netherlands 622: 578:Statistics Netherlands 556: 520: 363: 38: 4060:Religion News Service 3816:Catholic World Report 3790:LaCroix International 3734:John Wiley & Sons 2399:"Religionsbekenntnis" 2380:, United States, 2017 2343:Special Eurobarometer 2254:. BRILL. p. 85. 2226:Special Eurobarometer 1070:The Christian Century 846: 820: 791: 755:Roman Catholic Church 699: 614:Dutch Reformed Church 554: 368:collapse of Communism 325: 50–75% Catholic 313: 240:St. Mary's University 228:European Values Study 192:European Values Study 157:Christianity in China 24: 3699:Bowen, Kurt (2004). 3336:on 20 September 2017 2405:(in Austrian German) 2321:European Data Portal 1732:. 18 November 2017. 1699:. 18 November 2017. 185:religious conversion 178:Protestant Christian 166:religious conversion 146:According to a 2012 4381:Pastoral Psychology 4198:Pew Research Center 4086:Baptist News Global 4026:. 29 December 2021. 2717:Pew Research Center 2634:Statisztikai Szemle 2377:Pew Research Center 2350:, p. 233, 2012 2348:European Commission 2309:European Commission 2175:. 13 September 2022 2063:Pew Research Center 1925:The Washington Post 1316:Pew Research Center 1281:a "sensitive" data. 1163:, according to the 1105:Pew Research Center 1088:Jehovah's Witnesses 1028:Mainline Protestant 999:Jehovah's Witnesses 995:mainline Protestant 946:Presbyterian Church 684:, according to the 623:Samen op weg Kerken 512:Republic of Ireland 470:Christian Democrats 408:Pew Research Center 248:Pew Research Center 221:Pew Research Center 148:Pew Research Center 58:developed countries 4256:. 9 February 2016. 3999:. 9 February 2020. 3617:The New York Times 2830:2012-11-15 at the 2173:Christianity Today 2065:. 29 October 2018. 1904:The New York Times 1318:. 13 November 2014 991:Orthodox Christian 885: 823: 798: 702: 648:2021 Polish census 557: 532:diocese of Killala 364: 300:organized religion 136:organized religion 39: 4748:Radio Cooperativa 4424:Christian Century 3842:The Yucatan Times 3770:978-0-7748-2515-3 3743:978-1-4443-1056-6 3712:978-0-7735-7194-5 3685:978-1-4426-1018-7 3658:978-0-7735-2955-7 3305:Scotland's Census 3144:978-1-351-39042-2 3112:978-0-511-52299-4 2999:. 19 August 2023. 2620:on 28 April 2014. 2403:STATISTIK AUSTRIA 2142:Irish Independent 2081:Chicago Sun-Times 2037:978-981-4451-15-4 1992:978-1-4934-1077-4 1927:. 3 August 2002. 1906:. 3 August 2005. 1805:978-0-19-934563-2 1647:978-1-317-88667-9 1508:. 17 October 2019 1458:on 22 March 2018. 1234:Church attendance 1009:now say they are 909:church attendance 889:Statistics Canada 748:Church of England 710:England and Wales 664:Religion in Italy 660:Religion in Spain 536:female ordination 4906: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4578: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4190: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3997:Church and State 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3888: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3569: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3520: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3491: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3432:The Conversation 3423: 3417: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3382: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3191:on 12 March 2007 3185:"UK Census 2001" 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3100: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2976: 2965: 2957: 2951: 2949: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2919:. 26 August 2022 2909: 2903: 2902: 2901:. February 2014. 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2845: 2834: 2821: 2815: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2760: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2742: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2671: 2664: 2663:on 13 June 2020. 2662: 2656:. Archived from 2631: 2621: 2619: 2612: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2541: 2535: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2368: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2339: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2318: 2316: 2311:. September 2021 2297: 2291: 2290: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2247: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2165: 2146: 2145: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2083:. Archived from 2073: 2067: 2066: 2055: 2042: 2041: 2011: 2000: 1999: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1885:. 9 March 2015. 1875: 1869: 1868: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1722: 1713: 1712: 1697:The Manila Times 1689: 1680: 1679: 1661: 1652: 1651: 1631: 1622: 1618: 1612: 1610: 1605:on 29 April 2015 1600: 1591: 1585: 1581: 1575: 1573: 1568:on 29 April 2015 1563: 1554: 1543: 1542: 1524: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1450: 1441: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1392: 1386: 1385: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1357: 1349: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1308: 1291: 1288: 1282: 1278: 1272: 1268: 1244:Postchristianity 1223: 1218: 1217: 1190: 1139:Republican Party 916:Canadian culture 905:Quiet Revolution 881: 875: 869: 863: 857: 851: 625: 525: 516:papal encyclical 428:Eastern European 416:Eastern European 360: 354: 348: 342: 336: 330: 324: 318: 204:Eastern European 4914: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4899:Western culture 4864: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4727: 4725: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4701: 4699: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4662: 4658: 4648: 4646: 4636:Washington Post 4630: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4580: 4579: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4506:National Herald 4500: 4499: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4447: 4443: 4420: 4416: 4377: 4373: 4366:Chicago Tribune 4358: 4354: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4321: 4317: 4310:Crisis Magazine 4302: 4298: 4283: 4279: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4236:Chicago Tribune 4228: 4224: 4209: 4205: 4192: 4191: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4131: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4044:. 27 July 2022. 4036: 4035: 4031: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4004: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3921:National Review 3915: 3914: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3890: 3889: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3808: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3736:. p. 672. 3724: 3720: 3713: 3697: 3693: 3686: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3591:Culture Witness 3585: 3584: 3580: 3571: 3570: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3517:Microsoft Excel 3514: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3469: 3465: 3450: 3446: 3436: 3434: 3424: 3420: 3414:Wayback Machine 3405: 3401: 3384: 3383: 3376: 3366: 3364: 3353: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3272: 3268: 3258: 3256: 3246: 3242: 3227: 3223: 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2846: 2837: 2832:Wayback Machine 2822: 2818: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2787:The Irish Times 2778: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2721: 2719: 2709: 2705: 2690: 2686: 2679:Census Database 2673: 2666: 2660: 2638:Austria-Hungary 2629: 2617: 2610: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2542: 2538: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2487:on 2 April 2019 2475: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2455:Gouvernement.fr 2449: 2448: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2392: 2383: 2381: 2370: 2369: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2314: 2312: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2287: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2248: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2192: 2188: 2178: 2176: 2167: 2166: 2149: 2134: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2087:on 31 July 2018 2075: 2074: 2070: 2057: 2056: 2045: 2038: 2012: 2003: 1993: 1977: 1973: 1957: 1953: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1883:Pulitzer Center 1877: 1876: 1872: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1844: 1820: 1816: 1806: 1782: 1778: 1768: 1766: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1724: 1723: 1716: 1691: 1690: 1683: 1676: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1632: 1625: 1620:Full report PDF 1608: 1606: 1598: 1592: 1588: 1583:Full report PDF 1571: 1569: 1561: 1555: 1546: 1539: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1485: 1483: 1467: 1463: 1455: 1448: 1442: 1435: 1425: 1423: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1365: 1363: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1331: 1321: 1319: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1262: 1257: 1221:Religion portal 1219: 1212: 1209: 1201: 1169:Catholic Church 1152: 1147: 1135:abortion rights 941: 932: 883: 879: 877: 873: 871: 867: 865: 861: 859: 855: 853: 849: 841: 836: 815: 786: 781: 731:declined after 694: 666: 658:Main articles: 656: 654:Italy and Spain 644: 561:Lutheran Church 549: 504: 492: 478: 458: 445: 436: 362: 358: 356: 352: 350: 346: 344: 340: 338: 334: 332: 328: 326: 322: 320: 316: 308: 144: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4912: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4894:Secularization 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4860: 4859: 4832: 4806: 4779: 4761: 4735: 4709: 4682: 4656: 4623: 4598: 4570: 4544: 4519: 4493: 4467: 4441: 4414: 4387:(3): 311–333. 4371: 4352: 4349:. 23 May 2024. 4334: 4315: 4296: 4277: 4259: 4254:Curbed Chicago 4241: 4222: 4203: 4176: 4151: 4139:files.lcms.org 4125: 4099: 4073: 4047: 4029: 4011: 4002: 3984: 3958: 3933: 3908: 3878: 3854: 3828: 3802: 3776: 3769: 3749: 3742: 3718: 3711: 3691: 3684: 3664: 3657: 3637: 3603: 3578: 3561: 3535: 3503: 3478: 3463: 3444: 3418: 3399: 3396:on 2 May 2019. 3374: 3347: 3318: 3292: 3266: 3240: 3221: 3202: 3176: 3150: 3143: 3125: 3111: 3087: 3053: 3028: 3002: 2988: 2952: 2930: 2904: 2886: 2860: 2835: 2816: 2800: 2772: 2729: 2703: 2684: 2648:(6): 573–598. 2592: 2566: 2536: 2520: 2498: 2468: 2442: 2416: 2390: 2360: 2326: 2305:European Union 2292: 2285: 2267: 2260: 2239: 2213: 2206: 2186: 2147: 2128: 2098: 2068: 2043: 2036: 2001: 1991: 1971: 1951: 1933: 1912: 1891: 1870: 1867:. 30 May 2021. 1852: 1842: 1814: 1804: 1776: 1765:. 5 April 2017 1750: 1730:The Economists 1714: 1681: 1675:978-0195183078 1674: 1653: 1646: 1623: 1613:. p. 11: 1586: 1576:. p. 67: 1544: 1537: 1519: 1493: 1461: 1433: 1405: 1402:. 7 June 2022. 1387: 1373: 1329: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1283: 1273: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1249:Secularization 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1197: 1193:Pentecostalism 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 940: 937: 931: 928: 920:post-Christian 878: 872: 866: 860: 854: 848: 840: 837: 835: 832: 814: 811: 785: 782: 780: 777: 744:post-Christian 740:Rowan Williams 729:Infant baptism 693: 692:United Kingdom 690: 655: 652: 643: 640: 594:women's rights 586:Czech Republic 548: 545: 540:Irish Catholic 503: 500: 491: 488: 477: 474: 457: 454: 444: 441: 435: 432: 400:Western Europe 388:European Union 357: 351: 345: 339: 333: 327: 321: 315: 307: 304: 213:Western Europe 174:Pentecostalism 143: 140: 105:Western Europe 66:post-Christian 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4911: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4884:Postmodernism 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4847: 4843: 4836: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4794: 4790: 4783: 4776:(in Spanish). 4772: 4765: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4697: 4693: 4686: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4612: 4611:Intelligencer 4609: 4602: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4482:. 10 May 2018 4481: 4477: 4471: 4456: 4452: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4292: 4291:Boston Herald 4288: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4140: 4136: 4129: 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