263:, at the time a university student and part of an underground student movement dedicated to Chechen independence, was brought in as an enforcer. The more ideological Noukhayev imposed an additional condition on businesses under his "protection", which was that they must invite a Chechen into their workforce. Facilitating Chechen migration into Moscow would mean his organisation became a formidable force in the underworld.
334:
and beheaded. Oil theft and smuggling also became a major source of income. During its brief period of independence, Chechnya quickly fell into anarchy, becoming a major hub for arms trafficking (with a gun market in central Grozny), mobsters using local banks to launder profits from criminal
351:, the criminalisation of Chechnya has taken a somewhat different turn to the wartime chaos that preceded it. Government officials have been accused of embezzling billions in state funds from Moscow, turning Chechnya into something of a financial "
258:
during the 1980s. Suleimanov operated a second-hand car business and made the bulk of his profits through tax evasion. The group later moved into extortion as capitalism penetrated the Soviet economy, and at this point
295:, who recognised his important role in Moscow's Chechen community and took him on as an unofficial aide, before helping him escape from prison in 1991. Noukhayev played a prominent role in the lead-up to the
290:
Khozh-Ahmed
Noukhayev claimed that he started racketeering as a student to help raise funds for the Chechen nationalist cause. Indeed, over the course of his activities, Noukhayev became acquainted with
469:, the Chechen mafia uses a series of Brooklyn bars to collect illegal money. In this case, the Chechen mafia are represented as the main antagonists of the film and are represented by Chovka Umarov (
322:
In the chaos of war-torn
Chechnya, many of the insurgent forces turned to criminality in order to raise funds. Kidnapping became a key business for both rebels and local bandits, including
270:
The
Chechen reputation for violence was formidable, and before long they became the dominant crime group in Moscow. This brought them into conflict with the Slavic gangs, including the
339:
all fighting each other for control. It was this atmosphere of lawlessness that exacerbated tensions with Russia and helped provide justification for the Second
Chechen War.
726:
580:
694:
331:
719:
1479:
1459:
1469:
1454:
1474:
1464:
1024:
777:
712:
359:
are also believed to be responsible for a number of murders and attempted murders, some of them political as in the case of the
1449:
524:
1444:
403:. The Chechen has at his command a pair of vicious dogs. The Chechen is later apparently killed on the orders of the Joker (
1182:
1017:
665:
650:
Zabyelina, Y. (2015). ‘Buying Peace’ in
Chechnya: Challenges of Post-Conflict Reconstruction in The Public Sector.
327:
300:
299:, participating in last-minute negotiations with the Russian government. He later fought in and was wounded in the
839:
407:), who orders him to be cut up and fed to his own dogs. The dogs are later used by the Joker to attack Batman (
264:
303:. After the war, Noukhayev continued to play a key role in Chechen politics and set up a holding company, the
908:
891:
1195:
279:
52:
918:
844:
834:
826:
1310:
1290:
1034:
982:
881:
598:
1484:
1305:
1272:
992:
70:
Active mostly in Europe and many parts of
Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (mostly Moscow).
1082:
901:
491:
230:
subculture, Chechens largely resisted this, instead preferring to use the tribal structure of the
1057:
1005:
483:
304:
196:
926:
765:
553:
Conversation with a
Barbarian: Interviews with a Chechen Field Commander on Banditry and Islam
931:
695:"Dermokratizatsiya and Prikhvatizatsiya: the Russian Kleptocracy and Rise of Organized Crime"
260:
96:
1361:
1095:
1090:
1047:
465:
456:
271:
420:
revolves around a struggle between
Chechen and Russian mafia over the control of a market.
8:
1351:
859:
429:
deal with the titular gang's dealings with
Chechen militants and organised crime figures.
416:
399:
organized crime factions is represented by a figure known as "The
Chechen", portrayed by
1162:
19:"Obshina" redirects here. For form of peasant village community in Imperial Russia, see
1366:
1145:
1130:
954:
854:
316:
255:
38:
629:
1356:
1331:
1140:
792:
478:
433:
364:
336:
296:
275:
1223:
1067:
974:
959:
941:
787:
704:
378:
292:
187:
170:
130:
118:
1411:
1285:
1383:
1295:
1215:
1115:
1110:
896:
864:
797:
772:
735:
549:
391:
207:
153:
1280:
755:
617:
The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus
1439:
1341:
1326:
1255:
1172:
1157:
1125:
1120:
1010:
1000:
804:
760:
750:
566:
504:
487:
470:
447:
408:
400:
348:
145:
83:
79:
48:
1433:
1418:
1406:
1371:
1346:
1260:
1150:
1135:
1052:
886:
809:
603:
382:(2007), Chechen gangsters seek revenge for the killing of their associate in
215:
157:
149:
267:
was one of the businessmen associated with the Chechens during this period.
1388:
1378:
1239:
869:
586:
438:
404:
323:
227:
211:
122:
278:, who were concerned at the growing links between organised crime and the
1072:
782:
666:"Attack on Russian banker in London leaves trail of clues back to Moscow"
396:
363:
brothers, and some business-related, such as the attempted hit on banker
226:
While most Slavic and Caucasian gangsters in the Soviet era followed the
1300:
1100:
849:
814:
356:
352:
312:
134:
1205:
1190:
1062:
876:
360:
126:
20:
308:
1105:
1042:
425:
355:", as well as demanding kickbacks for construction projects. The
1200:
1167:
964:
383:
238:
949:
232:
445:
Chechen criminal figures make an appearance at the end of
250:
The Moscow branch of the Chechen mafia, also known as the
581:
McMafia: A Journey Through the Global Criminal Underworld
342:
201:
181:
734:
630:"BBC NEWS - Europe - War racketeers plague Chechnya"
285:
137:, human trafficking, arson, fraud, larceny, murder
335:activities, and rival warlords, armed gangs, and
1431:
460:, Chechen mafia members are seen in the Valley.
311:by building an oil pipeline between Europe and
720:
663:
525:"Blood Brotherhood: Chechen organised crime"
432:The Chechen mafia make an appearance in the
727:
713:
490:) and Goran's right-hand man, NoHo Hank (
701:, vol. 11, no. 3 (summer 2003): 449–457.
652:Journal of Peacebuilding and Development
254:or "community", was founded by gangster
16:Russian and Soviet organized crime group
1432:
414:A side-plot of the Russian crime film
330:. In one particularly notorious case,
708:
370:
343:Connections to the Chechen government
307:, which aimed to bring prosperity to
332:four British engineers were abducted
13:
1480:Organized crime groups in Slovakia
1460:Organized crime groups in Chechnya
687:
494:) is one of the main protagonists.
14:
1496:
1470:Organised crime groups in Germany
1455:Organised crime groups in Austria
1025:Comité Régional d'Action Viticole
286:Connections to Chechen separatism
1475:Organized crime groups in Russia
1465:Organized crime groups in France
328:Special Purpose Islamic Regiment
210:groups operating in the former
206:) is one of the largest ethnic
664:Luke Harding (30 March 2012).
657:
644:
622:
609:
591:
573:
558:
543:
517:
174:
1:
1450:Transnational organized crime
892:Kinahan Organised Crime Group
555:. Moscow, Detekiv-Press, 2003
510:
236:as well as the concept of an
102:Movladi Atlangeriyev (Ruslan)
1445:Organized crime by ethnicity
245:
221:
53:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
7:
845:Clerkenwell crime syndicate
498:
280:Chechen separatist movement
202:
182:
10:
1501:
882:Hutch Organized Crime Gang
599:The Making of a New Empire
18:
1399:
1319:
1271:
1248:
1232:
1214:
1181:
1081:
1033:
991:
973:
940:
917:
825:
743:
454:In the Turkish TV series
191:
141:
114:
90:
74:
66:
58:
44:
34:
1006:Gang de la Brise de Mer
486:is led by Goran Pazar (
482:, the Chechen mafia in
319:ended this initiative.
305:Caucasian Common Market
766:Gang of Pusi i Mezinit
45:Founding location
564:Gentelev, Alexander;
261:Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev
97:Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev
26:Criminal organization
1362:Solntsevskaya Bratva
1096:Banda della Comasina
1091:Banda della Magliana
1048:Al-Zein crime family
927:Krejčíř organization
615:Zurcher, Christoph;
457:Valley of the Wolves
423:Several episodes of
272:Solntsevskaya bratva
214:next to established
1311:Södertäljenätverket
932:Mrázek organization
860:Quality Street Gang
693:Johanna Granville,
529:In Moscow's Shadows
367:in London in 2012.
337:Islamist terrorists
242:, the outlaw-hero.
203:Chechenskaya mafiya
115:Criminal activities
31:
1367:Tambovskaya Bratva
1320:Post-Soviet states
1306:Original Gangsters
1146:Sardinian banditry
1131:Sacra Corona Unita
855:Lyons Crime Family
654:, 8(3), pp. 37-49.
632:. 14 December 2004
476:In the HBO series
371:In popular culture
347:Under the rule of
317:Second Chechen War
256:Nikolay Suleimanov
108:Ali Aslan ungharov
39:Nikolay Suleimanov
29:
1427:
1426:
1357:Orekhovskaya gang
1332:Azerbaijani mafia
1141:Strisciuglio clan
793:Montenegrin mafia
619:; NYU Press, 2007
463:In the 2014 film
434:Frederick Forsyth
389:In the 2008 film
365:German Gorbuntsov
297:First Chechen War
276:Orekhovskaya gang
200:
180:
163:
162:
59:Years active
1492:
1485:Indigenous gangs
1352:Brothers' Circle
1163:Società foggiana
1068:Osmanen Germania
960:Loyal to Familia
788:Macedonian mafia
738:groups in Europe
729:
722:
715:
706:
705:
699:Demokratizatsiya
681:
680:
678:
676:
661:
655:
648:
642:
641:
639:
637:
626:
620:
613:
607:
595:
589:
577:
571:
562:
556:
547:
541:
540:
538:
536:
531:. September 2008
521:
492:Anthony Carrigan
379:Eastern Promises
301:Battle of Grozny
293:Dzhokhar Dudayev
265:Boris Berezovsky
205:
195:
193:
185:
179:romanized:
178:
176:
131:arms trafficking
119:Money laundering
105:Mustafa Shidayev
84:other caucasians
32:
28:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1395:
1384:Ukrainian mafia
1315:
1296:Fucked For Life
1267:
1244:
1228:
1210:
1183:The Netherlands
1177:
1116:Mala del Brenta
1111:Casamonica clan
1077:
1029:
987:
969:
936:
913:
897:McCarthy-Dundon
865:Richardson Gang
821:
798:Frankfurt mafia
773:Bulgarian mafia
739:
736:Organized crime
733:
690:
688:Further reading
685:
684:
674:
672:
662:
658:
649:
645:
635:
633:
628:
627:
623:
614:
610:
596:
592:
578:
574:
563:
559:
548:
544:
534:
532:
523:
522:
518:
513:
501:
392:The Dark Knight
373:
345:
288:
248:
224:
208:organized crime
192:Чеченская мафия
156:
154:Ukrainian mafia
152:
148:
51:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1344:
1342:Georgian mafia
1339:
1334:
1329:
1327:Armenian mafia
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1256:Galician mafia
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1224:Pruszków mafia
1220:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1173:White Uno Gang
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Sicilian Mafia
1155:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:Mafia Capitale
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1011:Petit Bar Gang
1008:
1001:Corsican mafia
997:
995:
989:
988:
986:
985:
979:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
923:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
906:
905:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
874:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
837:
831:
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
818:
817:
807:
805:Romanian mafia
802:
801:
800:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
769:
768:
763:
761:Gang of Gaxhai
758:
751:Albanian mafia
747:
745:
741:
740:
732:
731:
724:
717:
709:
703:
702:
689:
686:
683:
682:
656:
643:
621:
608:
590:
572:
567:Thieves by Law
557:
542:
515:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
505:North Caucasus
500:
497:
496:
495:
488:Glenn Fleshler
474:
471:Michael Aronov
461:
452:
448:The Other Guys
443:
430:
421:
412:
409:Christian Bale
401:Ritchie Coster
387:
372:
369:
349:Ramzan Kadyrov
344:
341:
287:
284:
247:
244:
228:thieves in law
223:
220:
161:
160:
146:Lebanese mafia
143:
139:
138:
116:
112:
111:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
92:
88:
87:
78:Predominantly
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
49:North Caucasus
46:
42:
41:
36:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1497:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1420:
1419:Kurdish mafia
1417:
1413:
1412:Söylemez Gang
1410:
1409:
1408:
1407:Turkish mafia
1405:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1372:Uralmash gang
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:Russian mafia
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Chechen mafia
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:Dödspatrullen
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1261:Los Charlines
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1151:Anonima sarda
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Capriati clan
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1053:Black Jackets
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
994:
990:
984:
981:
980:
978:
976:
972:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
943:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
920:
916:
910:
909:Satans Slaves
907:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:Keane-Collopy
885:
883:
880:
879:
878:
875:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
841:
840:British firms
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
828:
827:British Isles
824:
816:
813:
812:
811:
810:Serbian mafia
808:
806:
803:
799:
796:
795:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
778:Bosnian mafia
776:
774:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
749:
748:
746:
742:
737:
730:
725:
723:
718:
716:
711:
710:
707:
700:
696:
692:
691:
671:
667:
660:
653:
647:
631:
625:
618:
612:
605:
604:Jos de Putter
601:
600:
594:
588:
584:
582:
576:
569:
568:
561:
554:
551:
550:Khlebnikov P.
546:
530:
526:
520:
516:
506:
503:
502:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:
475:
472:
468:
467:
462:
459:
458:
453:
450:
449:
444:
441:
440:
435:
431:
428:
427:
422:
419:
418:
413:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:, one of the
394:
393:
388:
385:
381:
380:
375:
374:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
340:
338:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
283:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
257:
253:
243:
241:
240:
235:
234:
229:
219:
217:
216:Russian mafia
213:
209:
204:
198:
189:
184:
172:
168:
167:Chechen mafia
159:
158:Serbian mafia
155:
151:
150:Russian mafia
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
37:
33:
30:Chechen mafia
22:
1389:Donetsk Clan
1379:Thief in law
1336:
1281:Brödraskapet
1240:Slovak mafia
1196:No Surrender
1018:
870:Whitney gang
756:Gang of Çole
698:
673:. Retrieved
670:the Guardian
669:
659:
651:
646:
634:. Retrieved
624:
616:
611:
597:
593:
587:Misha Glenny
579:
575:
565:
560:
552:
545:
533:. Retrieved
528:
519:
477:
464:
455:
446:
437:
424:
415:
405:Heath Ledger
390:
377:
346:
324:Arbi Barayev
321:
289:
269:
251:
249:
237:
231:
225:
212:Soviet Union
183:Noxçiyn mafi
175:Нохчийн мафи
166:
164:
123:racketeering
62:1974–present
1126:'Ndrangheta
1073:Ringvereine
955:Black Cobra
835:Blue Angels
783:Greek mafia
484:Los Angeles
397:Gotham City
1434:Categories
1301:Naserligan
1101:Basilischi
983:Cannonball
815:Zemun Clan
511:References
357:Kadyrovtsy
353:black hole
315:. But the
313:Azerbaijan
135:cybercrime
35:Founded by
1206:Satudarah
1191:Hopi Boys
1063:Miri-Clan
877:Irish Mob
850:Kray firm
361:Yamadayev
246:In Moscow
222:Structure
197:romanized
127:extortion
91:Leader(s)
75:Ethnicity
67:Territory
21:Obshchina
1233:Slovakia
499:See also
466:The Drop
309:Chechnya
274:and the
218:groups.
99:(Khozha)
80:Chechens
1291:Foxtrot
1106:Camorra
1058:Gremium
1043:36 Boys
1035:Germany
975:Finland
942:Denmark
919:Czechia
902:Westies
744:Balkans
675:17 July
636:17 July
535:17 July
426:Brigada
417:Brother
252:Obshina
199::
188:Russian
171:Chechen
1400:Turkey
1273:Sweden
1216:Poland
1201:Penose
1168:Stidda
1019:Milieu
993:France
965:X-Team
606:, 1999
583:(2008)
570:; 2010
436:novel
384:London
142:Rivals
82:, and
1440:Mafia
1249:Spain
1083:Italy
697:, in
479:Barry
239:abrek
950:AK81
677:2015
638:2015
537:2015
439:Icon
233:teip
165:The
585:by
376:In
326:'s
1436::
668:.
602:,
527:.
473:).
411:).
282:.
194:,
190::
186:;
177:,
173::
133:,
129:,
125:,
121:,
728:e
721:t
714:v
679:.
640:.
539:.
451:.
442:.
386:.
169:(
86:.
23:.
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