1085:
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697:
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131:
167:
3490:
191:
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1943:
236:
202:
1519:"The North Caucasus region extends across Rostov oblast and Stavropol and Krasnodar krays. It also encompasses the seven autonomous republics of Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetiya, North Ossetiya, Kabardino-Balkariya, Karachayevo-Cherkessiya, and Adygeya. The region accounts for about 2 percent of the territory of the Russian Federation and in 1989 had a population of 13,183,860, or about 8 percent of the Russian population. The North Caucasus could qualify as Russia's "sunbelt."
931:
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38:
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773:
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179:
143:
119:
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94:
1931:
1135:
1531:
Sharko, Fedor S.; Boulygina, Eugenia S.; Tsygankova, Svetlana V.; Slobodova, Natalia V.; Rastorguev, Sergey M.; Krasivskaya, Anna A.; Belinsky, Andrej B.; Härke, Heinrich; Kadieva, Anna A.; Demidenko, Sergej V.; Malashev, Vladimir Yu; Shvedchikova, Tatiana Yu; Dobrovolskaya, Maria V.; Reshetova,
1458:
Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the
Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the
1422:. This definition remained in use in the Soviet Union during the 20th century. In western literature, the continental boundary has been drawn along the Caucasus watershed since at least the mid-19th century. See e.g. Baron von Haxthausen, "Transcaucasia" (1854); review
504:. The Ottoman government settled North Caucasian refugees in territories of modern-day Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, Georgia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Kosovo, Greece, Cyprus, and North Macedonia, creating a large North Caucasian diaspora.
1709:
A renewed crackdown on any suspected militant activity in the run-up to the Sochi winter
Olympics in 2014 and the departure of many militants to fight in Syria led to a weakening of the North Caucasus insurgency.
1680:
570:. Its administrative center was Rostov-on-Don until 10 January 1934, Pyatigorsk until January 1936, then Ordzhonikidze (today Vladikavkaz) and, from 15 December 1936, Voroshilovsk (today Stavropol).
1651:
1487:
Mount El'brus is located in southwest Russia and is part of the
Caucasus Mountains. It is the highest point in Russia as well as the highest point in all of Europe. It makes up part of the
1628:
Russian troops in
Chechnya have faced a low level insurgency for years ... They still face a low-level insurgency in the mainly Muslim region in Russia's volatile North Caucasus area.
5986:
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1725:
438:
area is often also encompassed under the notion of a
Ciscaucasus region, thus the northern boundary of the Forecaucasus steppe or Nogai steppe is generally considered to be the
1048:
6390:
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6420:
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Russia's North
Caucasus insurgency has gone relatively quiet, but reduced casualty numbers belie a still-worrying situation where long-standing grievances remain.
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The outer border of the Soviet Union's North
Caucasus Krai was the same as that of present-day North Caucasus Economic Region (Raion) which includes an oblast (
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680:
1036:
6409:
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The North
Caucasus region experienced widespread unrest and insurgency after the fall of the Soviet Union, including a low-level armed conflict between
4856:
641:
announced the final elimination of the insurgent underground in the North
Caucasus, counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus have not ended.
1643:
599:
The insurgency became relatively dormant in its later years. During its peak, the violence was mostly concentrated in the North
Caucasus republics of
6617:
660:
492:
Russia completed the conquest of the North Caucasus by 1864. Between the 1850s and World War I, about a million North Caucasian Muslims, including
353:
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1980:
6315:
5928:
987:
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508:
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shortly afterwards, and the republic was forced into accepting a nonviolent annexation in January 1921. It was reformed into the
715:
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5862:
5279:
3247:
3133:
341:
1615:
489:(2008), the Ciscaucasus region lies on the European side of the "commonly-accepted division" that separates Europe from Asia.
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1973:
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1534:"Koban culture genome-wide and archeological data open the bridge between Bronze and Iron Ages in the North Caucasus"
1153:
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1361:
The northern part of the Caucasus is widely considered to be a part of the European continent, as it sits north the
454:
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380:
217:
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1935:
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20:
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5359:
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1007:
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1966:
1148:
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1953:
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Geographically, the term North Caucasus also refers to the northern slope and western extremity of the
6953:
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5778:
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3079:
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1488:
1022:
474:
435:
384:
6921:
543:, which was later dissolved in October 1924, replaced by a series of autonomous Okrugs and Oblasts.
7118:
7034:
5339:
5178:
5148:
5013:
4927:
4836:
4799:
4397:
3718:
2780:
2697:
2280:
1993:
1220:
814:
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442:. Owing to its mild climate compared to much of Russia, the region has been described as Russia's "
408:
1958:
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6283:
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5820:
5656:
5505:
5465:
5168:
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3118:
3025:
2702:
2412:
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664:
363:
in the 19th century, the North Caucasus is today politically divided between a number of Russian
6963:
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5611:
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3590:
3404:
3211:
2805:
2608:
1158:
159:
1946:
7082:
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5810:
5551:
5524:
5485:
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5224:
5193:
5103:
4851:
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4442:
3497:
3361:
3281:
2924:
2825:
2434:
1471:
696:
6844:
6707:
6527:
6325:
6039:
5840:
5748:
5743:
5495:
5430:
5188:
5123:
5118:
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5078:
5073:
5033:
4540:
3955:
3371:
2347:
2065:
372:
183:
147:
135:
6931:
558:), and seven republics. The former North Caucasus Military District (Okrug) also included
8:
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2429:
2290:
2236:
2177:
2148:
2088:
2083:
1906:
In Quest for God and Freedom: Sufi Responses to the Russian Advance in the North Caucasus
1475:
1091:
1012:
762:
638:
620:
512:
493:
400:
364:
194:
1924:
671:
that based its flag and political agenda directly on those of the Mountainous Republic.
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2800:
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1892:
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329:
1681:"Why suspicion over St Petersburg metro attack is likely to fall on Islamist groups"
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109:
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1721:
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soils, which has been almost completely tilled and grazed. It is bounded by the
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The North Caucasus, especially in its mountainous territories, has the highest
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528:
520:
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392:
388:
376:
325:
301:
241:
207:
1864:
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to its south, both of which are internationally recognised as part of Georgia.
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18th-century definitions drew the boundary north of the Caucasus, across the
1379:
1212:
1126:
1112:
593:
547:
524:
519:. Mountainous Republic troops engaged in fierce clashes against the invading
467:
360:
227:
68:
55:
3543:
1865:"The Caucasus. The Oldest People In The World (Episode 3). Full Documentary"
6722:
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634:
While the insurgency was officially declared over on 19 December 2017 when
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337:
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271:
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mountain range, as well as a part of its southern slope to the West. The
317:
309:
37:
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4550:
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4314:
4272:
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3635:
2965:
2934:
2760:
2755:
2419:
2380:
2342:
2260:
2133:
2018:
2013:
1826:
1163:
832:
608:
507:
Much of the Northern Caucasus seceded from Russia in March 1917 as the
412:
345:
333:
261:
154:
5906:
1888:
Empire of Refugees: North Caucasian Muslims and the Late Ottoman State
1805:
Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia
1505:
The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold
1430:", Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, Volumes 13–14, 1869.
395:, and the constituent republics, approximately from west to east: the
6795:
6790:
6612:
6505:
6335:
5996:
4545:
4262:
4226:
4032:
4027:
3980:
3728:
3412:
3071:
3045:
2975:
2953:
2946:
2730:
2507:
2441:
2337:
2160:
2143:
2028:
2023:
1997:
478:
349:
313:
3512:
6785:
6330:
6064:
6024:
4198:
4156:
4151:
4064:
4044:
4037:
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3866:
3758:
3743:
3738:
3723:
2939:
2544:
2480:
2451:
2361:
2320:
2128:
2108:
1988:
1644:"Russia's North Caucasus Insurgency Widens as ISIS' Foothold Grows"
1383:
983:
Russian political subdivisions associated with the region include:
868:
850:
649:
604:
600:
567:
532:
466:
community, with one of the most notable cultures being the ancient
463:
443:
424:
420:
416:
297:
178:
142:
130:
4483:
3615:
1530:
1185:
Mount Elbrus is widely considered to be the tallest European peak.
458:
Northern Caucasus, Early Bronze Age artifacts, 3rd millennium BCE.
6677:
6181:
5023:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
4905:
4359:
4344:
4329:
4309:
4304:
4230:
4146:
4089:
4059:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
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3827:
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3650:
3610:
3605:
2911:
2649:
2539:
2497:
2385:
2197:
2192:
2121:
1952:
Relations between The North and South Caucasus. Articles in the
975:: NC economic region, NC federal okrug, former NC military okrug
648:
advised citizens not to travel to the North Caucasus, including
615:. Occasional incidents happened in surrounding regions, such as
4514:
4369:
4324:
4299:
4049:
3898:
3861:
3770:
3708:
3620:
3563:
3547:
3417:
2521:
2475:
2182:
2169:
1930:
585:
485:
on the west, and the Caspian Sea on the east. According to the
439:
396:
293:
289:
118:
99:
1507:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 121.
963:: NC economic region, former NC krai, former NC military okrug
6600:
6478:
4412:
3268:
3163:
2707:
2005:
1989:
1576:
1231:
1074:
1056:
991:
1588:
659:
Other paramilitaries active in the region have included the
6712:
6488:
4141:
2302:
1827:"Russia: Mountain Air Leads To Long Life In North Caucasus"
1774:[The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian).
368:
1737:Федеральный закон № 5-ФЗ от 12 января 1995, "О ветеранах"
6697:
6517:
656:, due to terrorism, kidnapping and risk of civil unrest.
500:, Ingush, Ossetians, and others, became refugees in the
1282:
462:
Ancient cultures of the Northern Caucasus are known as
1299:
324:
to the south. The region shares land borders with the
1914:
by Denis J. B. Shaw, Institute of British Geographers
1335:
1248:
689:
in Russia. The region is known for a large number of
681:
List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy
1398:
A primary introduction to the North Caucasus region.
1374:
The North Caucasus also shares borders with the two
1265:
1206:
1102:
511:, taking advantage of the instability caused by the
379:. As part of Russia, the territory falls within the
1072:Map of modern-day North Caucasus Economic Region (
661:Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
531:, before the latter's defeat at the hands of the
7095:
6786:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
1801:"Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении"
1532:Irina K.; Korobov, Dmitry S. (January 4, 2024).
1054:Map of former North Caucasus Military District (
1042:Location of the North Caucasian Federal District
300:region, which forms the natural border between
296:. It constitutes the northern part of the wider
1884:
1594:
1582:
5922:
4499:
3528:
1974:
988:Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
509:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
1846:"Why the Caucasus Has So Many 100-Year-Olds"
1731:
930:
535:. The region was informally occupied by the
473:Ciscaucasus was historically covered by the
1912:Russia in the Modern World: A New Geography
1891:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
1843:
707:
5929:
5915:
4506:
4492:
3535:
3521:
1981:
1967:
1776:Federal State Statistics Service of Russia
1766:
1764:
487:Concise Atlas of the World, Second Edition
1608:"Six Russian soldiers killed in Chechnya"
1502:
1394:
1392:
703:at birth in the North Caucasus, 1990–2021
1795:
1793:
1722:Россия выиграла еще одну важнейшую битву
1357:
1355:
1353:
1181:
1179:
956:The North Caucasus region within Russia
898:
695:
515:and becoming a minor participant in the
453:
5936:
5159:Collective Security Treaty Organization
1862:
1761:
7096:
5955:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
1678:
1389:
790:
722:
667:organization and a participant in the
336:. Located in the south of the region,
5910:
4717:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
4487:
3542:
3516:
1962:
1790:
1714:
1674:
1672:
1638:
1636:
1503:Hill, Fiona; Gaddy, Clifford (2003).
1350:
1176:
882:
5856:Unified Sports Classification System
1803:[Life expectancy at birth].
860:
4513:
1654:from the original on 3 October 2017
13:
5154:Commonwealth of Independent States
1885:Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir (2024).
1878:
1772:"Демографический ежегодник России"
1669:
1633:
1538:European Journal of Human Genetics
1154:North Caucasian Federal University
588:and militants associated with the
14:
7140:
1954:Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 27
1918:
1844:Sam Bedford (February 13, 2018).
1618:from the original on 16 June 2018
1018:North Caucasian Military District
7078:
7077:
7065:
3489:
3488:
2821:West South Central United States
1941:
1929:
1133:
1119:
1105:
1083:
1065:
1047:
1035:
998:North Caucasian Federal District
929:
914:
913:
897:
881:
859:
841:
823:
805:
789:
771:
753:
737:
721:
714:
580:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
234:
222:
218:Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
212:
200:
189:
177:
165:
153:
141:
129:
117:
92:
36:
3036:Latin America and the Caribbean
2902:Latin America and the Caribbean
1856:
1837:
1831:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1819:
1743:
1679:Walker, Shaun (April 4, 2017).
1600:
1524:
1496:
1003:North Caucasian Soviet Republic
477:, mostly on fertile calcareous
274:(5,642 metres (18,510 ft))
195:Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia
21:North Caucasus (disambiguation)
1464:
1433:
1412:
1368:
1315:
1241:
1188:
1008:North Caucasus economic region
738:
375:, which separates it from the
172:Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
1:
6618:Political abuse of psychiatry
6410:Congress of People's Deputies
5064:Political abuse of psychiatry
1405:
1149:Dolmens of the North Caucasus
674:
359:A region of Russia since its
5709:Traditions and superstitions
2503:Middle East and North Africa
2208:Middle East and North Africa
1949:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1863:Science (January 29, 2021).
1283:
1266:
1232:
1207:
7:
6781:Academy of Medical Sciences
5375:Water supply and sanitation
1648:www.worldpoliticsreview.com
1336:
1300:
1249:
1098:
842:
824:
806:
16:Subregion in Eastern Europe
10:
7145:
2796:Northeastern United States
1546:10.1038/s41431-023-01524-4
1424:Dublin university magazine
1275:
1258:
1224:
1199:
1028:
969:: former NC military okrug
772:
754:
678:
577:
449:
385:Southern Federal Districts
18:
7059:
7003:
6977:
6897:
6820:
6811:
6756:
6663:
6626:
6566:
6469:
6431:
6351:
6213:
6204:
6154:
6102:
6093:
5945:
5875:
5632:
5396:
5387:
5220:
5211:
4964:
4955:
4763:
4754:
4689:
4531:
4522:
4468:
4390:
4212:
4080:
3946:
3699:
3554:
3484:
3426:
3403:
3370:
3334:
3267:
3161:
3069:
3060:
2989:
2910:
2716:
2520:
2301:
2259:
2168:
2159:
2107:
2064:
2004:
1489:Prielbrusye National Park
1325:
1309:
1292:
1216:
1023:Southern Federal District
669:1992–1993 Abkhaz conflict
592:and, from June 2015, the
573:
267:
257:
249:
108:
84:
47:
35:
30:
5149:Prime Minister of Russia
3277:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
2281:Transantarctic Mountains
1925:History of the Caucasus
1751:"Russia Travel Advisory"
1426:Douglas W. Freshfield, "
1169:
708:Administrative divisions
308:. It is bordered by the
7072:Soviet Union portal
5587:Social entrepreneurship
5476:Forced public apologies
5411:Anti-American sentiment
3026:Caribbean South America
1720:Нечаев А., Зайнашев Ю.
1459:southern part, in Asia.
1446:Encyclopedia Britannica
1428:Journey in the Caucasus
1159:North Caucasian Railway
371:. It lies north of the
6964:Stalinist architecture
6718:Science and technology
6628:Ideological repression
6556:Soviet Airborne Forces
6494:Destruction battalions
5335:Social security system
5318:Science and technology
4984:Classified information
4810:Central Russian Upland
4453:Eastern Slovak Lowland
4448:Little Hungarian Plain
3591:Scandinavian Peninsula
2806:Southern United States
2609:Scandinavian Peninsula
1420:Kuma–Manych Depression
704:
459:
160:Republic of Ingushetia
6746:List of metro systems
6299:Collective leadership
5796:Russian tsars regalia
5129:Intelligence agencies
4852:Great Russian Regions
4596:Expansion (1500-1800)
4443:Great Hungarian Plain
4428:Pontic–Caspian steppe
3282:Antarctic Convergence
2826:Western United States
1340:; Also translated as
699:
475:Pontic–Caspian steppe
457:
436:Pontic–Caspian steppe
344:in Europe. Among its
320:to the east, and the
69:43.35500°N 42.44194°E
42:Map of North Caucasus
6708:Net material product
6651:Censorship of images
6568:Political repression
6528:Soviet Border Troops
6461:First Deputy Premier
6045:1965 economic reform
6040:Soviet space program
5863:World Heritage sites
5240:Droughts and famines
4793:Environmental issues
4541:Proto-Indo-Europeans
3956:North European Plain
2348:Greater Central Asia
1938:at Wikimedia Commons
1595:Hamed-Troyansky 2024
1583:Hamed-Troyansky 2024
1378:breakaway states of
1376:partially recognized
1013:North Caucasian Krai
953:class=notpageimage|
617:North Ossetia–Alania
568:Republic of Kalmykia
421:Republic of Dagestan
409:North Ossetia–Alania
373:Main Caucasian Range
184:Republic of Kalmykia
148:Republic of Dagestan
136:Republic of Chechnya
19:For other uses, see
6776:Academy of Sciences
6591:Population transfer
6535:Soviet Armed Forces
6398:Congress of Soviets
6379:Presidium/Politburo
6343:Soviet anti-Zionism
6192:West Siberian Plain
6070:Revolutions of 1989
6007:Great Patriotic War
5992:New Economic Policy
5714:Forms of addressing
5323:Academy of Sciences
5280:Financial districts
5144:President of Russia
5069:Political divisions
5029:Freedom of assembly
4911:West Siberian Plain
4657:Great Patriotic War
4618:February Revolution
3928:East European Plain
3764:Carpathian Ruthenia
3494:Continents of Earth
3021:Brazilian Highlands
2430:Indian subcontinent
2291:Antarctic Peninsula
2089:Southern Hemisphere
2084:Northern Hemisphere
1476:National Geographic
1092:Karachay-Cherkessia
646:US State Department
639:Alexander Bortnikov
621:Karachay-Cherkessia
513:February Revolution
401:Karachay-Cherkessia
65: /
6421:Military Collegium
6289:Capital punishment
6167:Caucasus Mountains
6080:Post-Soviet states
5960:Russian Revolution
5764:Russian given name
5350:Telecommunications
5300:Petroleum industry
5164:State of emergency
5009:Far-right politics
4974:Capital punishment
4820:Meshchera Lowlands
4674:Russian Federation
4630:October Revolution
4242:Tuscan Archipelago
4120:Cotentin Peninsula
3709:Danubian countries
3309:Great Barrier Reef
2930:Mainland Australia
2638:Apennine Peninsula
2099:Western Hemisphere
2074:Eastern Hemisphere
1850:TheCultureTrip.com
705:
644:In June 2022, the
613:Kabardino-Balkaria
460:
423:and to the north:
405:Kabardino-Balkaria
397:Republic of Adygea
322:Caucasus Mountains
124:Republic of Adygea
74:43.35500; 42.44194
7124:Regions of Russia
7091:
7090:
7055:
7054:
7047:Hammer and sickle
6989:and their groups
6987:Soviet dissidents
6766:Communist Academy
6683:Economic planning
6659:
6658:
6552:Soviet Air Forces
6471:Security services
6391:General Secretary
6374:Central Committee
6316:Political parties
6248:Brezhnev Doctrine
6243:Foreign relations
6200:
6199:
6141:Autonomous okrugs
6055:Soviet–Afghan War
6035:Sino-Soviet split
5977:Russian Civil War
5904:
5903:
5871:
5870:
5451:Domestic violence
5383:
5382:
5305:Russian oligarchs
5230:Aircraft industry
5207:
5206:
5184:Mass surveillance
5174:Search and rescue
5139:Political parties
5019:Foreign relations
4951:
4950:
4750:
4749:
4742:Historical cities
4601:Tsardom of Russia
4481:
4480:
4473:Regions of Europe
4237:Italian Peninsula
4130:Upper Rhine Plain
3510:
3509:
3390:Mediterranean Rim
3263:
3262:
3202:Mediterranean Sea
3056:
3055:
3009:Amazon Rainforest
2836:Canadian Prairies
2801:Pacific Northwest
2662:Iberian Peninsula
2447:Arabian Peninsula
2274:Antarctic Plateau
2034:Three/Four Worlds
1934:Media related to
1898:978-1-5036-3696-5
1650:. 12 April 2016.
1614:. 24 March 2017.
1514:978-0-8157-9618-3
1334:
1298:
1281:
1264:
1250:Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz
1247:
1242:Къилбаседа Кавказ
1230:
1205:
517:Russian Civil War
354:the most populous
316:to the west, the
288:, is a region in
278:
277:
7136:
7081:
7080:
7070:
7069:
7068:
6818:
6817:
6726:
6581:Collectivization
6326:Marxism–Leninism
6211:
6210:
6100:
6099:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5908:
5907:
5884:
5831:Russian language
5774:National symbols
5394:
5393:
5313:
5270:Fishing industry
5260:Economic regions
5255:Defence industry
5218:
5217:
4962:
4961:
4916:Russian Far East
4815:Northwest Russia
4773:Cities and towns
4761:
4760:
4623:Russian Republic
4529:
4528:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4485:
4484:
4413:Slavic countries
4254:Aegadian Islands
4070:Germania Slavica
3938:Cap of the North
3872:Greater Caucasus
3838:Karelian Isthmus
3781:Sambia Peninsula
3691:Cap of the North
3537:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3492:
3491:
3471:Global Southwest
3466:Global Southeast
3456:Global Northwest
3451:Global Northeast
3441:Global Heartland
3385:Indian Ocean Rim
3067:
3066:
2959:Island Melanesia
2650:Balkan Peninsula
2425:Himalayan states
2372:Russian Far East
2166:
2165:
2094:Water Hemisphere
1983:
1976:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1945:
1933:
1902:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1755:travel.state.gov
1747:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1699:on April 3, 2017
1695:. Archived from
1676:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1484:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1437:
1431:
1416:
1399:
1396:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1363:Greater Caucasus
1359:
1348:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1297:romanized:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1280:romanized:
1279:
1277:
1276:Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз
1269:
1263:romanized:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1246:romanized:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1229:romanized:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1217:Хьундасеб Кавказ
1210:
1204:romanized:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1143:
1141:Geography portal
1138:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1087:
1069:
1051:
1039:
974:
968:
962:
945:
933:
932:
923:
917:
916:
907:
906:Volgograd Oblast
901:
900:
891:
885:
884:
875:
863:
862:
853:
845:
844:
835:
827:
826:
817:
809:
808:
799:
793:
792:
783:
775:
774:
765:
757:
756:
747:
741:
740:
731:
725:
724:
718:
629:Volgograd Oblast
590:Caucasus Emirate
564:Volgograd Oblast
560:Astrakhan Oblast
541:Mountainous ASSR
432:Greater Caucasus
387:and consists of
268:Highest mountain
240:
238:
237:
226:
225:
216:
215:
206:
204:
203:
193:
192:
182:
181:
170:
169:
158:
157:
146:
145:
134:
133:
122:
121:
110:Federal subjects
98:
96:
95:
80:
79:
77:
76:
75:
70:
66:
63:
62:
61:
58:
40:
28:
27:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7119:Southern Russia
7094:
7093:
7092:
7087:
7066:
7064:
7051:
6999:
6973:
6893:
6807:
6752:
6724:
6698:Internet domain
6693:Five-year plans
6655:
6622:
6562:
6465:
6427:
6359:Communist Party
6347:
6306:Passport system
6196:
6172:European Russia
6150:
6089:
6030:Khrushchev Thaw
6009:(World War II)
5987:Creation treaty
5941:
5935:
5905:
5900:
5887:
5880:
5867:
5826:Public holidays
5821:Political jokes
5806:Personification
5759:Names of Russia
5628:
5547:Life expectancy
5379:
5311:
5203:
5054:Law enforcement
4947:
4933:Protected areas
4830:Smolensk Upland
4825:Oka–Don Lowland
4805:European Russia
4746:
4685:
4571:Mongol invasion
4518:
4512:
4482:
4477:
4464:
4438:Pannonian Basin
4423:Eurasian Steppe
4386:
4335:Opuntian Locris
4208:
4115:Channel Islands
4110:English Channel
4076:
3942:
3916:Southern Russia
3911:Taman Peninsula
3894:European Russia
3803:Lithuania Minor
3776:Sloboda Ukraine
3695:
3671:Channel Islands
3666:English Channel
3646:Gulf of Finland
3641:Gulf of Bothnia
3550:
3541:
3511:
3506:
3480:
3422:
3399:
3366:
3330:
3259:
3248:South China Sea
3157:
3100:Central America
3052:
2985:
2906:
2858:Northern Mexico
2846:Northern Canada
2831:Atlantic Canada
2786:Mountain states
2712:
2567:European Russia
2560:Southern Russia
2516:
2469:Iranian Plateau
2297:
2286:West Antarctica
2269:East Antarctica
2255:
2155:
2103:
2079:Land Hemisphere
2060:
2000:
1987:
1921:
1908:by Anna Zelkina
1899:
1881:
1879:Further reading
1876:
1875:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1842:
1838:
1833:. June 1, 2007.
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1719:
1715:
1702:
1700:
1677:
1670:
1657:
1655:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1621:
1619:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1501:
1497:
1480:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1451:
1449:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1320:
1316:
1310:Северный Кавказ
1221:Karachay-Balkar
1193:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1094:
1090:Sophia Valley,
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1040:
1031:
981:
980:
979:
978:
972:
966:
960:
955:
949:
948:
947:
946:
943:
941:
939:
937:
934:
926:
925:
924:
921:
918:
910:
909:
908:
905:
902:
894:
893:
892:
889:
886:
878:
877:
876:
872:
870:
867:
864:
856:
855:
854:
849:
846:
838:
837:
836:
831:
828:
820:
819:
818:
813:
810:
802:
801:
800:
797:
794:
786:
785:
784:
779:
776:
768:
767:
766:
761:
758:
750:
749:
748:
745:
742:
734:
733:
732:
729:
726:
710:
701:Life expectancy
687:life expectancy
683:
677:
582:
576:
452:
381:North Caucasian
253:North Caucasian
235:
233:
223:
213:
201:
199:
190:
176:
164:
152:
140:
128:
116:
104:
93:
91:
73:
71:
67:
64:
59:
56:
54:
52:
51:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7142:
7132:
7131:
7129:Eastern Europe
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7109:North Caucasus
7106:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7085:
7075:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7044:
7043:
7042:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7020:
7019:
7018:
7007:
7005:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6983:
6981:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6903:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6874:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6832:
6827:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6803:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6762:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6741:Rail transport
6738:
6736:Railway system
6728:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6669:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6632:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6572:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6515:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6498:
6497:
6496:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6456:Deputy Premier
6453:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6439:Heads of state
6435:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6413:
6407:
6404:Supreme Soviet
6401:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6371:
6366:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6321:State ideology
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6240:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6217:
6215:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6187:Ural Mountains
6184:
6179:
6177:North Caucasus
6174:
6169:
6164:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6126:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6108:
6106:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
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5972:
5967:
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5949:
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5877:
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5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
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5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
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5786:
5781:
5771:
5766:
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5751:
5746:
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5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
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5680:
5679:
5669:
5664:
5659:
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5649:
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5638:
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5630:
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5627:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5614:
5609:
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5599:
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5579:
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5569:
5564:
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5532:
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5520:
5510:
5509:
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5498:
5488:
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5478:
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5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5340:Space industry
5337:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5315:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
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5232:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5179:Urban planning
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
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5096:
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5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5026:
5016:
5014:Federal budget
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4923:North Caucasus
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4864:
4859:
4857:Highest points
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4802:
4800:Extreme points
4797:
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4764:
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4659:
4649:
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4642:
4632:
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4613:Russian Empire
4610:
4609:
4608:
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4573:
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4450:
4445:
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4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:European Plain
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4365:Gulf of Chania
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:Aegean Islands
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4283:Meseta Central
4280:
4275:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4192:Meseta Central
4189:
4184:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4127:
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4112:
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3924:
3923:
3921:Kola Peninsula
3918:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3882:South Caucasus
3879:
3877:North Caucasus
3874:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3825:
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3552:
3551:
3540:
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3517:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3502:Physical Earth
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
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3352:
3341:
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3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3314:Mariana Trench
3311:
3301:
3296:
3294:Atlantic Ocean
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3255:Southern Ocean
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3243:East China Sea
3235:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3177:Atlantic Ocean
3174:
3168:
3166:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3136:
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3023:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2981:Remote Oceania
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2937:
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2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2851:Western Canada
2848:
2843:
2841:Eastern Canada
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
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2783:
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2596:
2591:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2555:South Caucasus
2552:
2550:North Caucasus
2542:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2457:South Caucasus
2449:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2400:
2395:
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2374:
2359:
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2357:
2352:
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2350:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2326:Aralkum Desert
2323:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2278:
2277:
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2256:
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2251:
2246:
2241:
2240:
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2214:
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2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2117:Africa-Eurasia
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1947:North Caucasus
1939:
1936:North Caucasus
1927:
1920:
1919:External links
1917:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1855:
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1818:
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1388:
1367:
1349:
1314:
1284:İṩxhərə Qauqaz
1200:Темыр Къафкъас
1187:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1168:
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811:
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803:
798:Stavropol Krai
796:
795:
788:
787:
778:
777:
770:
769:
760:
759:
752:
751:
744:
743:
736:
735:
730:Krasnodar Krai
728:
727:
720:
719:
713:
712:
711:
709:
706:
676:
673:
625:Stavropol Krai
578:Main article:
575:
572:
556:Stavropol Krai
552:Krasnodar Krai
550:), two krais (
529:Volunteer Army
502:Ottoman Empire
451:
448:
393:Stavropol Krai
389:Krasnodar Krai
377:South Caucasus
326:South Caucasus
302:Eastern Europe
282:North Caucasus
276:
275:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
251:
247:
246:
245:
244:
242:Stavropol Krai
231:
220:
210:
208:Krasnodar Krai
197:
187:
174:
162:
150:
138:
126:
112:
106:
105:
103:
102:
88:
86:
82:
81:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
31:North Caucasus
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7141:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
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6944:Printed media
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6877:Cyrillisation
6875:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6845:Working class
6843:
6841:
6840:Soviet people
6838:
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6836:
6833:
6831:
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6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6688:Energy policy
6686:
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6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
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6666:
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6417:
6416:Supreme Court
6414:
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6101:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6018:The Holocaust
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5939:
5932:
5927:
5925:
5920:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5874:
5864:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5846:Seven Wonders
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5811:Playing cards
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5506:Mental health
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5466:Ethnic groups
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5169:Civil defense
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5114:Media freedom
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4999:Criminal code
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4979:Civil Service
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:Russian state
4638:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:Mediterranean
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:Gibraltar Arc
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Baetic System
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4249:Insular Italy
4247:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4187:Baetic System
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4105:British Isles
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Low Countries
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4021:Czech Silesia
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3971:Alpine states
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3904:Arctic Circle
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:Nemunas Delta
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Curonian Spit
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Nemunas Delta
3684:
3682:
3681:Curonian Spit
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:British Isles
3659:
3657:
3656:Faroe Islands
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3569:Arctic Circle
3567:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:Pacific Ocean
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:Pacific Ocean
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Caribbean Sea
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3134:by population
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3107:South America
3105:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:North America
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3041:Southern Cone
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Andean States
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2991:South America
2988:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2718:North America
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Low Countries
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:South-western
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:South-eastern
2643:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2633:South-central
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:Mediterranean
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:British Isles
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2486:Levantine Sea
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Mediterranean
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
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7063:
6835:Demographics
6825:Antisemitism
6678:Central Bank
6596:Forced labor
6544:Spetsnaz GRU
6364:organisation
6272:Human rights
6221:Constitution
6176:
6104:Subdivisions
5982:Russian SFSR
5938:Soviet Union
5784:Coat of arms
5744:Martial arts
5652:Army culture
5642:Architecture
5612:Witch trials
5567:Prostitution
5513:Human rights
5446:Demographics
5360:Trade unions
5330:Shipbuilding
5290:Homelessness
5250:Central Bank
5245:Car industry
5084:Conservatism
4994:Constitution
4989:Conscription
4922:
4662:Eastern Bloc
4652:Soviet Union
4645:Russian SFSR
4575:Feudal Rus'
4295:Southeastern
4172:Gulf of Lion
4055:Transdanubia
3876:
3850:Southeastern
3833:East Karelia
3734:Transylvania
3601:Baltoscandia
3596:Fennoscandia
3581:Northwestern
3500: /
3498:List of seas
3496: /
3461:Global South
3446:Global North
3380:Atlantic Rim
3319:Ring of Fire
3299:Indian Ocean
3289:Arctic Ocean
3231:Persian Gulf
3226:Indian Ocean
3207:Adriatic Sea
3172:Arctic Ocean
3004:Amazon Basin
2999:Amazon Plain
2971:Near Oceania
2776:Mid-Atlantic
2726:Aridoamerica
2686:Northwestern
2599:Northwestern
2572:Southeastern
2549:
2464:Greater Iran
2403:Southeastern
2398:Pacific Asia
2367:Pacific Asia
2355:Northeastern
2311:Asia–Pacific
2054:Fourth World
2044:Second World
1911:
1905:
1887:
1858:
1849:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1807:(in Russian)
1804:
1780:. Retrieved
1754:
1745:
1739:(in Russian)
1733:
1728:, 19.12.2017
1716:
1708:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:the original
1685:The Guardian
1684:
1663:
1656:. Retrieved
1647:
1627:
1620:. Retrieved
1611:
1602:
1597:, p. 2.
1590:
1578:
1537:
1526:
1518:
1504:
1498:
1486:
1479:. Retrieved
1466:
1457:
1450:. Retrieved
1444:
1435:
1414:
1370:
1346:Forecaucasus
1345:
1341:
1337:Predkavkazye
1326:Предкавказье
1317:
1301:Cægat Kavkaz
1293:Цӕгат Кавказ
1233:Şimal Kavkaz
1225:Шимал Кавказ
1208:Temır Qafqas
1190:
1073:
1055:
982:
691:centenarians
684:
658:
654:Mount Elbrus
643:
636:FSB Director
633:
598:
583:
545:
537:Soviet Union
506:
491:
486:
472:
461:
440:Manych River
429:
358:
342:tallest peak
338:Mount Elbrus
306:Western Asia
292:governed by
285:
281:
279:
25:
6939:Phraseology
6884:Prohibition
6872:Linguistics
6857:Drug policy
6850:1989 census
6771:Cybernetics
6673:Agriculture
6586:Great Purge
6548:Soviet Navy
6540:Soviet Army
6412:(1989–1991)
6406:(1938–1991)
6400:(1922–1936)
6384:Secretariat
6255:Gun control
6162:Caspian Sea
6146:Closed city
6075:Dissolution
6060:Perestroika
6002:Great Purge
5836:tea culture
5689:Fairy tales
5552:Open access
5525:Immigration
5486:Gun control
5225:Agriculture
5194:Term limits
5104:Martial law
5099:Nationalism
5094:Irredentism
5089:Imperialism
4872:Caspian Sea
4788:Environment
4783:Earthquakes
4679:Union State
4667:Dissolution
4566:Kievan Rus'
4556:Early Slavs
4460:Macaronesia
4433:Wild Fields
4382:Alpide belt
4350:Peloponnese
4204:Alpide belt
4135:Upper Rhine
3976:Alpide belt
3798:Izium Trail
3786:Amber Coast
3626:West Nordic
3586:Scandinavia
3476:Global West
3436:Global East
3395:Pacific Rim
3337:waterbodies
3326:World Ocean
3151:New Zealand
3031:The Guianas
2920:Australasia
2863:West Indies
2791:New England
2771:Great Lakes
2741:Mesoamerica
2628:Middle East
2604:Scandinavia
2493:Middle East
2331:Caspian Sea
2237:Great Lakes
2217:Sub-Saharan
2203:Middle East
2066:Hemispheres
2049:Third World
2039:First World
1992:'s primary
1342:Ciscaucasus
494:Circassians
483:Sea of Azov
318:Caspian Sea
310:Sea of Azov
286:Ciscaucasia
230:(partially)
186:(partially)
72: /
48:Coordinates
7098:Categories
6979:Opposition
6969:Television
6949:Propaganda
6922:Literature
6796:Naukograds
6791:Sharashkas
6725:(currency)
6703:Inventions
6646:Censorship
6576:Red Terror
6260:Government
6134:Autonomous
6117:Autonomous
6050:Stagnation
6013:Evacuation
5841:Television
5816:Philosophy
5749:Mass media
5739:Literature
5734:Inventions
5496:Healthcare
5431:Corruption
5421:Censorship
5312:(currency)
5189:Separatism
5134:Opposition
5119:Neo-Nazism
5109:Monarchism
5079:Liberalism
5074:Propaganda
5034:Government
4901:North Asia
4702:Journalism
4561:East Slavs
4551:Sarmatians
4355:Chalkidiki
4315:Aegean Sea
4273:Al-Andalus
4182:Al-Andalus
4162:Septimania
4125:Doggerland
3991:Westphalia
3986:Eastphalia
3966:Baltic Sea
3933:Ryn Desert
3845:Lokhaniemi
3823:Vyborg Bay
3818:Baltic Sea
3749:Bessarabia
3636:Baltic Sea
3217:Ionian Sea
3212:Aegean Sea
3182:Baltic Sea
3114:Antarctica
2966:Micronesia
2935:New Guinea
2893:Portuguese
2816:West Coast
2766:East Coast
2761:Bible Belt
2756:Appalachia
2435:Subregions
2343:Inner Asia
2261:Antarctica
2161:Continents
2134:Antarctica
2109:Landmasses
2019:Down Under
2014:Arab World
1998:subregions
1870:. YouTube.
1703:October 3,
1406:References
1365:watershed.
1164:Saray-Gora
679:See also:
675:Population
609:Ingushetia
566:, and the
479:chernozyom
413:Ingushetia
334:Azerbaijan
258:Time Zones
60:42°26′31″E
57:43°21′18″N
7040:Republics
7028:Republics
7016:Republics
6867:Languages
6731:Transport
6613:Holodomor
6506:Militsiya
6444:President
6336:Stalinism
6238:Elections
6112:Republics
6095:Geography
6085:Nostalgia
5997:Stalinism
5699:Festivals
5592:Sociology
5542:Languages
5461:Education
5365:Transport
5199:Terrorism
5044:Judiciary
5038:Apparatus
5004:Elections
4969:Anarchism
4943:Far North
4894:Volcanoes
4879:Mountains
4756:Geography
4635:Civil war
4546:Scythians
4263:Occitania
4227:Po Valley
4100:Northwest
4033:Pomerelia
4028:Pomerania
3981:Rhineland
3729:Wallachia
3413:Antarctic
3197:Irish Sea
3187:Black Sea
3146:Australia
3095:Caribbean
3072:continent
3046:Patagonia
2976:Polynesia
2954:Melanesia
2947:Zealandia
2925:Australia
2811:Southwest
2731:Caribbean
2508:Near East
2149:submerged
2144:Zealandia
2139:Australia
2029:Old World
2024:New World
1778:(Rosstat)
1726:Взгляд.ру
1693:0261-3077
1658:3 October
1622:3 October
1570:266745350
1554:1476-5438
1472:"El'brus"
1331:romanized
1272:Kabardian
1259:Даькъасте
365:republics
350:Krasnodar
314:Black Sea
262:UTC+03:00
7114:Caucasus
7083:Category
6636:Religion
6523:Chairmen
6369:Congress
6331:Leninism
6311:Propiska
6206:Politics
6065:Glasnost
6025:Cold War
5965:February
5891:Category
5769:Nobility
5729:Internet
5724:Heraldry
5719:Graffiti
5704:Folklore
5647:Armorial
5577:Religion
5562:Polygamy
5501:HIV/AIDS
5481:Funerals
5471:Feminism
5441:Deafness
5426:Citizens
5416:Cannabis
5401:Abortion
5345:Taxation
5285:Gambling
5275:Forestry
5124:Military
4957:Politics
4938:Wildlife
4884:Caucasus
4847:Glaciers
4727:Military
4712:Internet
4690:By topic
4584:Vladimir
4579:Novgorod
4533:Timeline
4398:Germanic
4199:Pyrenees
4157:Brittany
4152:Normandy
4065:Germania
4045:Bukovina
4038:Kashubia
3889:Kabardia
3867:Caucasus
3759:Ruthenia
3744:Bukovina
3739:Moldavia
3724:Volhynia
2940:Tasmania
2888:Hispanic
2751:Northern
2698:Germanic
2676:Atlantic
2618:Southern
2579:Northern
2545:Caucasus
2481:Dead Sea
2452:Caucasus
2420:Southern
2413:Maritime
2408:Mainland
2381:Northern
2362:Far East
2321:Aral Sea
2244:Southern
2188:Northern
1811:July 17,
1782:July 17,
1652:Archived
1616:Archived
1612:BBC News
1562:38177408
1441:"Europe"
1384:Abkhazia
1289:Ossetian
1267:Däq̇aste
1099:See also
922:Kalmykia
650:Chechnya
605:Dagestan
601:Chechnya
533:Red Army
523:General
498:Chechens
464:Klin-Yar
425:Kalmykia
417:Chechnya
361:invasion
298:Caucasus
7104:Eurasia
7004:Symbols
6917:Fashion
6899:Culture
6813:Society
6758:Science
6723:Rouble
6665:Economy
6641:Science
6451:Premier
6432:Offices
6294:Leaders
6214:General
6182:Siberia
6155:Regions
6129:Oblasts
5970:October
5947:History
5882:Outline
5694:Fashion
5684:Fashion
5672:Cuisine
5634:Culture
5622:in army
5607:Wedding
5602:Suicide
5597:Smoking
5582:Slavery
5557:Orphans
5530:Illegal
5406:Alcohol
5389:Society
5355:Tourism
5235:Banking
5213:Economy
5058:Prisons
4906:Siberia
4862:Islands
4842:Geology
4778:Climate
4768:Borders
4732:Outline
4707:Judaism
4697:Economy
4524:History
4403:Romance
4391:Related
4360:Aetolia
4345:Megaris
4330:Boeotia
4310:Balkans
4305:Rumelia
4231:Padania
4167:Batavia
4147:Gascony
4090:Benelux
4060:Polesia
4016:Silesia
4011:Moravia
4006:Bohemia
4001:Lusatia
3996:Prussia
3948:Central
3855:Balkans
3828:Karelia
3754:Livonia
3719:Galicia
3714:Prussia
3676:Livonia
3651:Iceland
3611:Gotland
3606:Jutland
3544:Regions
3141:Oceania
3129:by area
3085:America
3062:Islands
2912:Oceania
2781:Midwest
2736:Central
2703:Romance
2671:Western
2540:Balkans
2535:Eastern
2530:Central
2498:Mashriq
2442:Western
2386:Siberia
2338:Eastern
2316:Central
2249:Western
2222:Central
2198:Mashriq
2193:Maghreb
2183:Saharan
2129:America
2122:Eurasia
1994:regions
1868:(video)
1540:: 1–9.
1481:June 6,
1452:June 6,
1333::
1322:Russian
1306:Russian
1238:Chechen
1029:Gallery
990:(Under
450:History
444:sunbelt
340:is the
330:Georgia
250:Demonym
85:Country
7023:Emblem
7011:Anthem
6959:Sports
6912:Cinema
6907:Ballet
6889:Racism
6862:Family
6352:Bodies
5940:topics
5896:Portal
5851:Sports
5779:Anthem
5667:Cinema
5662:Ballet
5572:Racism
5535:Labour
5491:Health
5456:Doping
5310:Ruble
5295:Mining
5265:Energy
4928:Rivers
4837:Fjords
4737:Postal
4589:Moscow
4515:Russia
4408:Celtic
4370:Istria
4340:Phocis
4325:Attica
4300:Epirus
4268:Iberia
4177:Iberia
4050:Istria
3961:Baltic
3899:Arctic
3862:Crimea
3813:Baltic
3771:Donbas
3631:Baltic
3621:Ingria
3576:Nordic
3564:Arctic
3548:Europe
3428:Global
3418:Arctic
3357:Rivers
3335:Other
3269:Oceans
3124:Europe
3080:Africa
2873:French
2746:Middle
2708:Slavic
2693:Celtic
2594:Nordic
2584:Baltic
2522:Europe
2476:Levant
2170:Africa
2006:Worlds
1895:
1691:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1511:
1255:Ingush
1196:Adyghe
944:Oblast
746:Adygea
627:, and
586:Russia
574:Unrest
419:, and
294:Russia
290:Europe
272:Elbrus
239:
205:
100:Russia
97:
6954:Radio
6932:Opera
6927:Music
6830:Crime
6601:Gulag
6479:Cheka
6124:Krais
5801:Opera
5754:Music
5617:Women
5518:LGBTQ
5436:Crime
5370:Waste
4889:Urals
4867:Lakes
4222:Italy
4214:South
3616:Sápmi
3556:North
3405:Polar
3350:lists
3345:Lakes
3164:ocean
2883:Ibero
2878:Latin
2868:Anglo
1990:Earth
1566:S2CID
1170:Notes
1075:raion
1057:okrug
992:RSFSR
967:Green
940:rakh-
663:, an
521:White
369:krais
284:, or
7035:Flag
6993:List
6801:List
6713:OGAS
6606:List
6489:NKVD
6277:LGBT
6265:List
6231:1977
6226:1936
5789:Flag
5677:Wine
5657:Arts
4722:LGBT
4606:Army
4142:Gaul
4082:West
3701:East
3362:Seas
3119:Asia
2391:Ural
2303:Asia
2232:Horn
2227:East
1996:and
1893:ISBN
1813:2022
1784:2022
1705:2017
1689:ISSN
1660:2017
1624:2017
1558:PMID
1550:ISSN
1509:ISBN
1483:2024
1454:2024
1382:and
1213:Avar
973:Blue
938:Ast-
871:est-
869:Dag-
652:and
611:and
554:and
383:and
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332:and
312:and
304:and
280:The
6518:KGB
6513:MGB
6501:MVD
6484:GPU
6284:Law
5049:Law
3546:of
3372:Rim
3162:By
3070:By
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