Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

2043:, the Interior Ministry liaison to Chechen officials, was kidnapped in March 1999 as he was leaving Grozny Airport; his remains were found in Chechnya in March 2000. President Maskhadov started a major campaign against hostage-takers, and on 25 October 1998, Shadid Bargishev, Chechnya's top anti-kidnapping official, was killed in a remote controlled car bombing. Bargishev's colleagues then insisted they would not be intimidated by the attack and would go ahead with their offensive. Other anti-kidnapping officials blamed the attack on Bargishev's recent success in securing the release of several hostages, including 24 Russian soldiers and an English couple. Maskhadov blamed the rash of abductions in Chechnya on unidentified "outside forces" and their Chechen henchmen, allegedly those who joined Pro-Moscow forces during the second war. 91: 1674: 12496: 168: 77: 2204: 12474: 9926: 678: 2032:, the public primarily supported Maskhadov, his Independence Party, and their secularism. This was exemplified by the much greater numbers in political rallies supporting the government than those supporting the Islamist opposition. Akhmadov notes that the parliament, which was dominated by Maskhadov's own Independence Party, issued a public statement that President Maskhadov did not have the constitutional authority to proclaim sharia law, and also condemning the opposition for "undermining the foundations of the state". 765: 9869: 706: 12448: 12227: 2240: 12383: 12155: 1480:, defected to the opposition, Maskhadov abolished his post, leading to a power struggle. In February 1999 President Maskhadov removed legislative powers from the parliament and convened an Islamic State Council. At the same time several prominent former warlords established the Mehk-Shura, a rival Islamic government. The Shura advocated the creation of an Islamic confederation in the North Caucasus, including the Chechen, Dagestani and Ingush peoples. 2311: 12336: 12289: 12103: 12066: 12253: 12435: 12214: 1298:, Dudayev allegedly signed a decree outlawing the extradition of criminals to any country which did not recognize Chechnya. After being informed that the Russian government would not recognize Chechnya's independence, he declared that he would not recognize Russia. Grozny became an organized crime haven, as the government proved unable or unwilling to curb criminal activities. 12822: 1981:, robberies, and killings of fellow Chechens and outsiders weakened the possibilities of outside investment and Maskhadov's efforts to gain international recognition of its independence effort. Kidnappings became common in Chechnya, procuring over $ 200 million during the three-year independence of the chaotic fledgling state, but victims were rarely killed. In a 1992:. Some of the kidnapped were supposedly sold into indentured servitude to Chechen families. They were openly called slaves and had to endure starvation, beating, and often maiming according to Russian sources. In 1998, 176 people had been kidnapped, and 90 of them had been released during the same year according to official accounts. There were several 1538:. Other remnants of the government and the armed forces retreated into Chechnya's south which was dominated by mountains and not yet under Russian control. From these bases, they waged a guerrilla campaign, even as Russia cemented its control by establishing a loyal administration in the region. In June 2000, Kremlin appointee, supreme 2078:, resulting in hundreds of casualties. Russian forces have throughout the campaign ignored to follow their Geneva convention obligations, and has taken little responsibility of protecting the civilian population. Russian media reports state that Russian soldiers were sometimes sold into slavery by their commanders. According to 1469:. In 1998 and 1999, Maskhadov survived several assassination attempts, which he blamed on foreign intelligence services. Russian sources maintain that the attacks were likely to originate from within Chechnya, despite the Kremlin's difficult negotiations with Maskhadov and difference of opinion regarding the Chechen conflict. 1353:, but they were defeated by Dudayev's forces. Dudayev declared his intention to turn Chechnya into an Islamic state, stating that the recognition of sharia was a way to fight Russian aggression. He also vowed to punish the captured Chechen rebels under Islamic law, and threatened to execute Russian prisoners. 1959:

and held it as hostage in the Russian city of Budyonnovsk. At least seven hostages were killed by the captors, and the rest were denied water, food, and medicine. According to official figures, 129 civilians were killed during the siege, most by the numerous attempts of the Russian army to retake the

1935:

Dozens of charred corpses of women and children lay in the courtyard of the mosque, which had been destroyed. The first thing my eye fell on was the burned body of a baby, lying in the fetal position... A wild-eyed woman emerged from a burned-out house holding a dead baby. Trucks with bodies piled in

1642:

of the Chechen Republic's Armed Forces" was announced by Zakayev; this unit officially styled itself as the continuation of Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. A fourth separatist unit, called "Khamzat Gelayev Joint Task Detachment" was also founded. As the Russo-Ukrainian War continued

1437:

with no occupation. Machine guns and grenades were sold openly and legally in Grozny's central bazaar. The years of independence had some political violence as well. On 10 December 1998, Mansur Tagirov, Chechnya's top prosecutor, disappeared while returning to Grozny. On 21 June, the Chechen security

1425:

Chechnya had been badly damaged by Russia's war against the newly formed republic's independence, and the economy was in shambles. According to Russian sources, Aslan Maskhadov tried to concentrate power in his hands to establish authority, but had trouble creating an effective state or a functioning

1337:

The general feeling of lawlessness in Chechnya increased during the first seven months in 1994, when four hijacking accidents occurred, involving people trying to flee the country. In May 1994, Labazanov changed sides, establishing the anti-Dudayev Niyso Movement. In July 1994, 41 passengers aboard a

2151:

following the declaration of independence and the fear of an upcoming war, by 1994 over 200,000 ethnic Russians decided to leave the independence-striving republic. Ethnic Russians left behind faced constant harassment and violence. The separatist government acknowledged the violence but did nothing

1905:

on parts of Russia. According to Human Rights Watch, the campaign was "unparalleled in the area since World War II for its scope and destructiveness, followed by months of indiscriminate and targeted fire against civilians". Russian forces attacked civilians many times throughout the war. One of the

2138:

that proved to be lethal without sufficient medical care, resulting in the deaths of 133 out of 916 hostages. In Beslan, some 20 hostages had been executed by their captors before the assault, and the ill-prepared assault itself resulted in 294 more casualties. A report by Human Rights Watch states

2121:

ran a truck filled with explosives into the Grozny governmental headquarters, resulting in at least 35 deaths. Chechen fighters have shown little regard for the safety of the civilian population, often placing their military positions in densely populated areas and refusing to leave civilian areas.

1510:

on all civil servants who moved their families out of the republic. This time, however, the Russian invasion met much less resistance as during the First Chechen War. The infighting among the rival factions within Chechnya as well as the rise of radical jihadists convinced several former separatist

1316:

Clashes between supporters and opponents of Dudayev occurred in April 1993. The President fired Interior Minister Sharpudin Larsanov after he refused to disperse the protesters. The opposition planned a no-confidence referendum against Dudayev for 5 June 1993. The government deployed army and riot

1945:

Leaving the village for the hospital in Grozny, I passed a Russian armored personnel carrier with the word SAMASHKI written on its side in bold, black letters. I looked in my rearview mirror and to my horror saw a human skull mounted on the front of the vehicle. The bones were white; someone must

1938:

While treating the wounded, I heard stories of young men – gagged and trussed up – dragged with chains behind personnel carriers. I heard of Russian aviators who threw Chechen prisoners, screaming, out of their helicopters. There were rapes, but it was hard to know how many because women were too

1584:

From 2007 until 2017, the remaining insurgency in the North Caucasus was mainly waged by Islamist factions, most importantly the Caucasus Emirate. In course of several years; however, the Caucasus Emirate gradually declined and had mostly ceased to exist by 2015. Other Chechen groups continued to

1161:

began in August 1999, with Ichkeria falling and subsequently being forcibly subsumed back under the control of the Russian central government in 2000. An insurgency followed soon thereafter, officially ending in April 2009 after several years of conflict. Since 2000, the Ichkerian government has

1549:

became the new controversial head of the official administration of Chechnya. Kadyrov, who has been criticised as the object of a cult of personality, was not democratically elected by either Russian or Chechen constituents. The separatists continued to fight, but were gradually whittled down.

1968:

Although the conduct of Chechen fighters has scarcely been documented in non-governmental reports, information indicates that they indiscriminately fired on, and killed, civilians. For example, on 14 June 1995, Chechen commandos took some 2,000 people hostage in the town of Budennovsk in the

1409:

was signed by Maskhadov and Yeltsin. Russia continued to transfer funds for schools and hospitals in Chechnya and paid pensions to its residents. Some of this money was stolen by the Chechen authorities and divided between the warlords. Nearly half a million people (40% of Chechnya's prewar

1305:

of the Chechen Republic, which was introduced in March 1992. In the same month, armed clashes occurred between pro and anti-Dudayev factions, leading Dudayev to declare a state of emergency. Chechnya and Ingushetia separated on 4 June 1992. Relationship between Dudayev and the parliament

1185:. While Chechnya did not receive backing from the international community, it received support and attention from Georgia, which became its only gateway to the outside world that was not controlled by Moscow. Close ties between Gamsakhurdia and Dudayev led to Russian officials, including 1345:

In August 1994, Umar Avturkhanov, leader of the pro-Russian Provisional Council, launched an attack against pro-Dudayev forces. Dudayev ordered the mobilization of the Chechen military, threatening a jihad against Russia as a response to Russian support for his political opponents.

1816:

in December 2001. However, despite Taliban recognition, there were no friendly relations between the Taliban and Ichkeria—Maskhadov rejected their recognition, stating that the Taliban were illegitimate. In June 2000, the Russian government claimed that Maskhadov had met with

1969:

Stavropol region and barricaded themselves in the town's hospital. The hostage-takers were allegedly shot to death in the hospital by four civilian men. In this incident, over 100 hostages were reportedly killed when Federal forces attempted to take over the hospital.

4769: 1950:

Chechen forces have admitted to the execution of captured Russian pilots throughout the First Chechen War, and of at least eight Russian detainees. In probably the most notorious violation of humanitarian law committed by Chechen Forces, a Chechen unit led by

1313:. As Russian troops sealed the border between Chechnya and Ingushetia to prevent arms shipments, Dudayev threatened to take action unless the Russians withdrew. Russian and Chechen forces mutually agreed to a withdrawal, and the incident ended peacefully. 1987:

interview with a Russian woman, she states that kidnappers would at times mutilate their captives and send video recordings to their families, to encourage the payment of ransoms. According to her, there was a slave market in Minutka Square, downtown

3401: 1926:

into basements where residents, mostly women, elderly persons, and children, had been hiding. Russian troops intentionally burned many bodies, either by throwing the bodies into burning houses or by setting them on fire. A Chechen surgeon,

2074:. Russian forces have since the beginning of the conflict indiscriminately and disproportionately bombed and shelled civilian objects, resulting in heavy civilian casualties. In October 1999, powerful ballistic missiles were fired on the 1286:

sought to declare a state of emergency in the region, but his efforts were thwarted by the Russian parliament. An early attempt by Russian authorities to confront the pro-independence forces in November 1991 ended after just three days.

2008:. Sharia was supposed to apply to Muslims only, but in fact, it was also applied to ethnic Russians who violated Sharia provisions. In one of the first rulings under Sharia law, in January 1997 an Islamic court ordered the payment of 6043:

200,000 ethnic Russians have also fled Chechnya in the three years since it declared a unilateral independence These people, propelled from their homes by growing anti-Russian sentiment, will probably never go back and will require

1367:

Former Minister of the Chemical and Oil Refining Industry of the USSR Salambek Khadzhiyev was appointed leader of the officially recognized Chechen government in November 1994. The conflict ended after the Russian defeat in the

3013: 2139:

that without minimizing the abuses committed by Chechen fighters, the main reason for civilian suffering in the Second Chechen War came as a result of the abuses committed by the Russian forces on the civilian population.

12667: 1364:, the city's population dropped from 400,000 to 140,000. Most of the civilians stranded in the city were elderly ethnic Russians, as many Chechens had support networks of relatives living in villages who took them in. 1270:

president of the Chechen Republic. Dudayev, in his new position as president, issued a unilateral declaration of independence on 1 November 1991. Initially, his stated objective was for Checheno-Ingushetia to become a

2152:

to address it, blaming it on Russian provocateurs. Russians became a soft target for criminals, as they knew the Chechen police would not intervene in their defence. The start of the First Chechen War in 1994 and the

1852:

once voted to recognize, but the act never was consummated due to pressure from both Russia and pro-Russian elements within the European Union. Dudayev also had contacts with Islamist movements and guerrillas in the

1395:. According to a 1997 Moscow Times article, ethnic Russian refugees were prevented from returning to vote by threats and intimidation, and Chechen authorities refused to set up polling booths outside the republic. 6246: 5584:. Page 144. "The size of the rallies indicated that the public was behind Maskhadov and the secular state... and, in autumn, that they could not summon public support either on the street or in the parliament." 2082:, Chechen civilians have been purposely targeted by Russian forces, in apparent disregard of humanitarian law. The situation has been described by Amnesty International as a Russian campaign to punish an entire 11871: 1760:

The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria was officially a secular state, with its constitution stating, "The Chechen Republic is a secular state. No religion may be established as a state or compulsory religion." The

2003:

independence from Russia, and Islamic courts were established. In September 1996, a Sharia-based criminal code was adopted, which included provisions for banning alcohol and punishing adultery with death by

1897:, causing tens of thousands of unnecessary civilian casualties among the Chechen population. The main strategy in the Russian war effort had been to use heavy artillery and air strikes leading to numerous 1156:

independence from Russia in 1996, kidnappings and violence between gangs plagued the region, which the government was unable to control. In November 1997, Chechnya was proclaimed an Islamic republic. The

2224:, recognized the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and established diplomatic relations. The Gamsakhurdia's government was briefly reestablished in Georgia from 2 September 1993 to 6 November 1993 during the 1918:, house-by-house searches throughout the entire village. Federal soldiers deliberately and arbitrarily attacked civilians and civilian dwellings in Samashki by shooting residents and burning houses with 1438:

chief and a guerrilla commander fatally shot each other in an argument. The internal violence in Chechnya peaked on 16 July 1998, when fighting broke out between Maskhadov's National Guard force led by

1511:

leaders and their militias to switch sides. Aided by these defectors, the Russians took the minor cities and countryside around Grozny in the period from October to December 1999, encircling Grozny.

11786: 11750: 2028:

system of justice was introduced. Maskhadov hoped that this would discredit the opposition, putting stability before his own ideological affinities. However, according to former Foreign Minister

1414:

or overcrowded villages. The economy was destroyed. Two Russian brigades were stationed in Chechnya and did not leave. Maskhadov made efforts to rebuild the country and its devastated capital

13095: 5732: 1889:, who, after several years of investigation and gathering evidence, referred to the situation as disturbing. Throughout the span of the first Chechen war, Russian forces have been accused by 1380:

According to Russian sources, after the Russian withdrawal, crime became rampant, with kidnappings and murders multiplying as rival rebel factions fought for territory. In December 1996, six

3660: 3546: 2098:. Hundreds of civilians died as a result of the Russian bombardment and the following sweep after. Thermobaric weapons have been used by the Russian army on several occasions according to 6222:"Проект Постанови про Заяву Верховної Ради України про визнання Чеченської Республіки Ічкерія тимчасово окупованою російською федерацією і засудження вчинення геноциду чеченського народу" 2259:, which was itself broadly unrecogized as the legitimate government of Afghanistan, recognized the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as independent. In 2000 the Chechens set up an embassy in 1320:

After staging another coup attempt in December 1993, the opposition organized a Provisional Council as a potential alternative government for Chechnya, calling on Moscow for assistance.

3393: 1688:

Major weapons systems were seized from the Russian military in 1992, and on the eve of the First Chechen War, they included 23 air defense guns, 108 APC/tanks, 24 artillery pieces, 5

5642: 3005: 4512: 3810: 3576: 1502:

region, declaring it an independent state and calling for a jihad until "all unbelievers had been driven out". This event prompted Russian intervention, and the beginning of the

1430:. Maskhadov requested $ 260 billion in war reparations from Russia to rebuild infrastructure destroyed in heavy Russian fighting, an amount equivalent to 60% of the Russian GDP. 12647: 12642: 11740: 5236: 3497: 1762: 1543: 3927: 3370: 1634:. Anti-Kadyrov Chechens like the Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion and Sheikh Mansur Battalion continued to fight in this conflict. In May 2022, Ichkeria's government-in-exile leader 6195: 4044: 3779: 3720: 1577:

was proclaimed to be the Prime Minister of Ichkeria's government-in-exile. However, the influence of Zakayev's government was described as "marginal" by political scientist

4878: 3144: 3844: 10174: 2657: 1610: 1282:, who was serving a sentence for armed robbery and murder, and later headed a pro-Dudayev militia. As crowds of armed separatists gathered in Grozny, Russian President 12003: 11781: 5078: 3208: 1243:

On 8 June 1991, at the initiative of Dzhokhar Dudayev, a part of the delegates of the First Chechen National Congress gathered in Grozny, which proclaimed itself the

10379: 9793: 8271: 2352: 2332: 1342:

were held by kidnappers demanding $ 15 million and helicopters. After this incident, the Russian government started to openly support opposition forces in Chechnya.

5684: 5459: 5373: 3690: 3464: 11544: 7637: 5495: 3964: 4289: 4073: 2627: 2499: 1573:. This change of status was rejected by some Chechen politicians and military leaders who continue to support the existence of the republic. Since November 2007, 9092: 3340: 1262:

of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. On 6 September 1991, OKChN squads seized the local KGB headquarters, and took over the building of the Supreme Soviet. Following the

1218: 4321: 2764:"Ukraine recognizes the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria resurrected in Ukraine by the Government in exile" 2117:

During the Second Chechen War, Chechen and Chechen-led militants have on several occasions used terrorism against civilian targets. In one such occasion, three

1643:

to escalate, the pro-Ukrainian Chechen separatists increasingly framed the war as a chance to restore the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. On October 15 2022, the

13060: 12549: 4668: 1472:

In December 1998, the Supreme Islamic court of Chechnya suspended the Chechen Parliament, asserting that it did not conform to the standards of sharia. After

1209:(Ičkérija) comes from the river Iskark in South-Eastern Chechnya. The term was mentioned first as "Iskeria" in a Russian document by Colonel Pollo from 1836. 11853: 3941: 1247:(OKChN). Following this, was proclaimed the Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho). A month later, the self-proclaimed republic was declared an independent state. 1138: 966: 946: 683: 1734:

in 1991, there has been an ongoing battle between secessionist officials and federally appointed officials. Both claim authority over the same territory.

13055: 11956: 11372: 6272: 2823: 1402:

to help rebuild the republic, whose formal economy and infrastructure were virtually destroyed in Russia's war against Chechen independence from Moscow.

10349: 5038: 4605: 3607: 1731: 1174: 530: 6038: 5404: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12637: 10339: 6247:"Zelensky instructed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to consider the possibility of recognizing the independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria" 6148: 6005: 2430: 3652: 10743: 10392: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 4190: 2941: 1668: 1644: 3538: 3239: 9383: 4722: 4632: 2781: 2036: 12732: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 11923: 10364: 9858: 2244: 1805: 1786: 1392: 11903: 11881: 5666: 12582: 11891: 11848: 11776: 9849: 8280: 8264: 3630: 1017: 896: 5632: 2601: 1885:

The human rights situation in Chechnya during the hostility phases had long been a concern among several human rights organizations such as

11694: 11407: 9503: 6378: 5213: 3802: 5060: 4354: 12567: 11771: 9119: 9085: 3568: 1244: 6067: 5424: 5128: 3984: 3905: 11735: 11028: 494: 155: 11475: 5228: 3753: 3489: 13070: 12601: 12559: 12187: 10369: 10179: 3362: 1961: 878: 220: 5527: 4749: 90: 11412: 10313: 10263: 8257: 5559: 5345: 3875: 3771: 3270: 3085: 3059: 2147:

Ethnic Russians made up 29% of the Chechen population before the war, and they generally opposed independence. Due to the mounting

1848:

Ichkeria also received limited support from certain political factions in Poland, the Baltic countries and Ukrainian nationalists.

5315: 3712: 3292:Постановление Парламента Чеченской Республики от 2 марта 1992 г. О порядке вступления в силу Конституции Чеченской Республики 2221: 11500: 11365: 10354: 8725: 7050: 4882: 3431: 3136: 2156:

created a second wave of ethnic Russian refugees. By the end of the conflict in 1996, the Russian community had nearly vanished.

1777:

punishments of decapitation, stoning and other punishments for crimes such as alcohol drinking, sodomy, and apostasy from Islam.

4128: 3836: 2020:, considering them "an act of apostasy and falsity". Conceding to an armed and vocal minority movement in the opposition led by 13085: 13065: 12587: 11810: 11647: 10012: 9078: 9059: 8380: 8310: 2408: 1681:

Dudayev spent the years from 1991 to 1994 preparing for war, mobilizing men aged 15–55 and seizing Russian weapons depots. The

167: 5801: 2649: 1651:

recognized the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as a temporarily occupied state. At this point, Islamist separatists belonging to

1581:

who argued that the Caucasus Emirate proved more influential both among the militants as well as within the Chechen diaspora.

13030: 12572: 11727: 11699: 11451: 11038: 10536: 10526: 9218: 7883: 7853: 6955: 6174: 4799: 4026: 3520: 2747: 2720: 2268: 1813: 772: 184: 3200: 2321:

On October 18, 2022, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine recognized the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as "temporarily occupied" by

1278:

Dudayev released 640 inmates from a prison in Grozny, many of whom became his personal body guards. Among the prisoners was

1251: 1232:

was elected head of the Executive Committee of the unofficial opposition Chechen National Congress (NCChP), which advocated

11933: 11886: 11033: 10374: 9198: 8609: 8249: 7878: 7803: 6595: 6559: 5826: 4979: 4947: 4897: 4103: 2687: 2135: 5710: 5449: 4413: 4257: 4222: 4157: 4049: 3682: 3456: 2579: 1323:

On 14 January 1994, by Dudayev's decree, the Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho) was renamed the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

13075: 11562: 11557: 11539: 10318: 10242: 9441: 8630: 5899: 5681: 5485: 5370: 4577: 3956: 2295: 2177: 1956: 1518:, Grozny fell in February 2000; much of the city was destroyed. Some of the Ichkerian government subsequently moved into 2016:

was imposed on all female students and civil servants in the country. In December 1997, the Supreme Sharia Court banned

11523: 11358: 10387: 10293: 9498: 9275: 9028: 8526: 8044: 4279: 4065: 3332: 2925: 2619: 2491: 1725: 1639: 1267: 1181:. Gamsakhurdia was one of the first to congratulate Dudayev with victory and attended his inauguration as president in 11609: 4550: 4486: 4311: 12592: 11704: 9842: 9174: 8341: 7580: 6334: 6313: 6107: 5269: 5210:

The situation of human rights in the Republic of Chechnya of the Russian Federation – Report of the Secretary-General

4704: 3116: 2763: 2555: 2530: 2329:, who has the authority to extend full diplomatic recognition to other states, has stated that he is considering it. 1914:, in which it is estimated that up to 300 civilians died during the attack. Russian forces conducted an operation of 1203: 1066: 1010: 936: 4825: 4660: 11843: 11595: 11456: 10723: 10344: 10134: 10129: 10113: 10083: 10056: 6371: 5617: 4015: 2347: 1865: 1631: 1515: 1493: 1350: 587: 559: 2982: 12931: 11876: 11818: 11417: 10436: 9586: 8762: 8129: 7984: 7233: 7040: 2075: 1872:

passed a resolution in October recognizing the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as "temporarily occupied" by Russia.

1406: 12700: 3035:Указ Президента Чеченской Республики от 1 ноября 1991 года «О государственном суверенитете Чеченской Республики» 1391:. The elections were deemed free and fair, but no government recognized Chechnya's independence, except for the 76: 12926: 12722: 12627: 11938: 11712: 10298: 10103: 10088: 9798: 7833: 7788: 7045: 6866: 6350: 2267:

soon stated that the Taliban were illegitimate and rejected their recognition, the recognition ended after the

2256: 2153: 2067: 1838: 1590: 1369: 1361: 5874: 13090: 13050: 11684: 10278: 9233: 8843: 8746: 8438: 8234:

are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of

7923: 7918: 7848: 7808: 7793: 7575: 7530: 7150: 6798: 3992: 2878: 2123: 1624: 1586: 1360:

began in December 1994, when Russian troops were sent to Chechnya to fight the separatist forces. During the

9070: 5101: 1655:

had also moved to Ukraine to fight Russia there. In November, the Ichkerian exile government recognized the

764: 13040: 13035: 12622: 11918: 10021: 9835: 9788: 9683: 9611: 9493: 9457: 9425: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8787: 8475: 8089: 8034: 7913: 7888: 7873: 7798: 7778: 6876: 6788: 6564: 5954: 5401: 3177: 1826: 1535: 1003: 744: 8741: 7908: 6152: 5756: 5335: 3867: 2438: 791: 13045: 11814: 11762: 11400: 10760: 9902: 9143: 8412: 7545: 6768: 6718: 6364: 6028: 5775: 5028: 4180: 4007: 3599: 2949: 1638:

travelled to Kyiv and met with Ukrainian officials for "confidential" talks. Later, the creation of the "

1266:, the OKChN declared itself the only legitimate authority in the region. On 27 October 1991, Dudayev was 12539: 11720: 3231: 13100: 11806: 11802: 11466: 10450: 10430: 10308: 10268: 10005: 9725: 9296: 9164: 8720: 8331: 7903: 7783: 6814: 5995: 1616: 1594: 1477: 437: 5925: 1769:—was a non-governmental organisation. Despite this, the criminal code of Chechnya legally established 13080: 11745: 11381: 10541: 10288: 10154: 10078: 8417: 7077: 6773: 4942: 2009: 1673: 1387:

Parliamentary and presidential elections took place in January 1997 in Chechnya and brought to power

926: 7863: 7585: 1939:

ashamed to report them. One girl was raped in front of her father. I heard of one case in which the

12901: 11652: 11642: 10553: 10548: 10247: 10149: 10050: 8433: 8180: 7838: 7642: 6554: 5663: 5331: 5232: 3622: 2047: 1931:, treated wounded in Samashki immediately after the operation and described the scene in his book: 1310: 1306:

deteriorated, and in June 1992 he dissolved the parliament, establishing direct presidential rule.

868: 1901:

on civilians. This has led to Western and Chechen sources calling the Russian strategy deliberate

1647:

was officially resurrected in Ukraine by the Government of Ichkeria in exile. On 18 October 2022,

838: 11838: 11582: 11495: 11446: 11434: 10359: 10144: 9223: 7622: 7094: 6998: 6909: 6824: 6703: 1598: 1102: 906: 810: 781: 504: 12268: 8200: 7155: 5848: 5209: 5079:"Ukraine's parliament recognizes Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as temporarily occupied by Russia" 4853: 4344: 13009: 12851: 11928: 11913: 11689: 11673: 11657: 11624: 11023: 10484: 10038: 9631: 9606: 9213: 9203: 9101: 8864: 8807: 8782: 8715: 8284: 7570: 7460: 7238: 7202: 7084: 6929: 6778: 2866: 2272: 2182: 2148: 1830: 1682: 1530:. As on 23 January 2000, a diplomatic representation of Ichkeria was based in Kabul during the 916: 6097: 5420: 5261: 5254: 4923:

Kullberg, Anssi. "The Background of Chechen Independence Movement III: The Secular Movement".

2046:

According to the Chechen government at least part of the kidnappings were orchestrated by the

12846: 12617: 12356: 12309: 11822: 11567: 10827: 10799: 10519: 10463: 10139: 9998: 9958: 9947: 9316: 9228: 9193: 8919: 8914: 8889: 8869: 8599: 7893: 7858: 7843: 7722: 7550: 7540: 7505: 7500: 7485: 7465: 7429: 7212: 7182: 7172: 7162: 7057: 6836: 6793: 6763: 6741: 6688: 6611: 6522: 6057: 5139: 3981: 3897: 2095: 2079: 2017: 1943:

grabbed a newborn baby, threw it among each other like a ball, then shot it dead in the air.

1898: 1738: 1506:. As more people escaped the war zones of Chechnya, President Maskhadov threatened to impose 616: 413: 359: 327: 8279: 4606:"Chechens and Georgians in Ukraine preparing to continue fight against Putin on a new front" 1821:, and that the Taliban supported the Chechens with arms and troops. In the aftermath of the 12632: 11796: 11549: 10902: 10514: 10399: 10283: 10169: 10073: 9741: 9699: 9646: 9399: 9368: 9038: 8956: 8899: 8884: 8874: 8822: 8614: 8604: 8594: 8547: 8490: 8099: 7898: 7747: 7707: 7682: 7525: 7495: 7480: 7470: 7439: 7434: 7424: 7398: 7359: 7253: 7130: 7125: 7104: 7067: 7035: 7003: 6993: 6972: 6899: 6783: 6698: 6658: 6485: 6432: 3745: 2890:Решение Общенационального Конгресса (Съезда) Чеченского Народа (г. Грозный, 8 июня 1991 г.) 1854: 1834: 1822: 297: 12534: 9513: 2220:

On March 13, 1992, Zviad Gamsakhurdia's government in exile, which was deposed during the

1189:, accusing Georgia of "fomenting unrest in the republic". In October 2022, the Ukrainian 8: 12506: 12341: 12304: 12143: 12108: 12076: 11307: 10661: 10303: 10164: 9885: 9751: 9704: 9601: 9549: 9404: 9378: 9352: 9331: 9159: 9138: 9018: 9013: 8966: 8909: 8904: 8894: 8777: 8683: 8589: 8500: 8495: 8326: 8149: 8029: 7823: 7762: 7727: 7632: 7535: 7490: 7455: 7419: 7414: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7323: 7269: 7217: 7207: 7140: 7109: 7062: 6967: 6883: 6856: 6819: 6746: 6713: 6693: 6663: 6549: 6449: 5968: 5949: 5517: 5184: 4879:"in 1993, ex-President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia recognized Chechnya's independence." 3262: 3077: 3051: 2824:"ГПИБ | Белевич К. П. Несколько картин из кавказской войны и нравов горцев. - СПб., 1910" 2357: 2326: 2127: 2111: 1519: 1193:

voted to recognize the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as "temporarily occupied" by Russia.

1163: 1142: 753: 200: 96: 63: 5549: 5159: 1173:. Dudayev was subsequently elected as Chechnya's President and in this new position, he 12836: 12715: 12452: 12138: 11991: 11981: 11976: 11898: 11637: 11614: 11590: 11293: 11063: 10963: 10748: 10738: 10478: 10334: 10044: 9626: 9616: 9554: 9539: 9373: 9347: 9311: 9208: 9169: 9133: 9033: 8879: 8802: 8792: 8485: 8480: 8336: 8235: 8185: 7938: 7818: 7692: 7667: 7475: 7393: 7364: 7313: 7303: 7248: 7243: 7177: 7167: 7145: 7099: 6977: 6945: 6861: 6846: 6841: 6708: 6616: 6574: 6480: 6470: 6465: 6444: 6427: 6387: 6273:"Zelensky Orders Study On Extending Diplomatic Recognition To Chechnya-Ichkeria – OpEd" 5733:"J. Littell – The Security Organs of the Russian Federation. A Brief History 1991–2005" 5637: 5490: 5312: 4610: 4185: 4012:"Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB" 3424: 2225: 2099: 2087: 2071: 2059: 2013: 1886: 1798: 1794: 1746: 1705: 1570: 1503: 1489: 1447: 1263: 1255: 1178: 1170: 1158: 573: 517: 8454: 7828: 2110:), summarily executing dozens of people and committing crimes in what is known as the 1757:. This change was rejected by some members of the former Chechen government-in-exile. 12896: 12871: 12554: 12371: 12366: 12351: 12319: 12231: 12123: 12045: 12023: 12018: 11791: 11632: 11439: 11422: 11251: 11136: 11077: 10977: 10733: 10273: 10108: 10093: 10032: 9827: 9816: 9651: 9508: 9326: 9043: 9023: 8827: 8210: 8195: 7989: 7677: 7369: 7318: 7274: 7135: 7072: 6904: 6871: 6676: 6668: 6569: 6506: 6330: 6309: 6103: 6033: 6000: 5761: 5682:

Police tried to silence GfbV – Critical banner against Putin's Chechnya policies wars

5340: 5284: 5265: 5033: 4830: 4124: 4022: 3935: 3112: 2743: 2716: 2551: 2526: 2208: 1983: 1911: 1907: 1804:

Diplomatic relations with Ichkeria were also established by the partially recognized

1790: 1357: 1332: 1186: 1149: 873: 796: 543: 316: 305: 190: 6221: 2400: 2164:

No states currently recognize the independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

12988: 12881: 12861: 12801: 12544: 12529: 12413: 12393: 12202: 12170: 12128: 12118: 12081: 12040: 11986: 11966: 11833: 11828: 11619: 11572: 11505: 11395: 11335: 11327: 11313: 11299: 11285: 11271: 11257: 11243: 11237: 11229: 11223: 11215: 11201: 11187: 11161: 11150: 11142: 11128: 11114: 11096: 11083: 11069: 11055: 11018: 10991: 10983: 10969: 10955: 10941: 10927: 10908: 10894: 10875: 10861: 10847: 10833: 10819: 10805: 10791: 10785: 10777: 10728: 10681: 10675: 10667: 10653: 10629: 10414: 10159: 9941: 9321: 9301: 9109: 8362: 8357: 8292: 8124: 7933: 7813: 7328: 7308: 6924: 6919: 6851: 6831: 6725: 6653: 6621: 6501: 6417: 6062: 5385: 4902: 2548:

The Criminal–Terror Nexus in Chechnya: A Historical, Social, and Religious Analysis

2012:

to the family of a man who was killed in a traffic accident. In November 1997, the

1993: 1894: 1750: 1700:

helicopters, 24 multiple rocket launchers, 17 surface-to-air missile launchers, 94

1562: 1339: 1279: 1229: 1093: 1076: 1037: 600: 456: 346: 319: 280: 263: 258: 131: 117: 82: 45: 11518: 4803: 3524: 2070:. Both sides have been criticised by international organizations of violating the 12886: 12841: 12730: 12418: 12408: 12361: 12314: 12299: 12197: 12165: 12113: 12091: 12033: 12028: 12013: 12008: 11996: 11971: 11577: 11209: 11181: 11175: 11169: 11122: 11102: 10813: 10753: 10689: 10616: 10606: 10596: 10471: 10457: 10442: 9953: 9478: 9249: 8104: 8074: 7599: 7008: 6914: 6751: 6324: 6303: 5688: 5670: 5454: 5408: 5377: 5319: 5240: 5217: 4937: 4316: 4132: 4053: 4019: 3988: 2737: 2710: 2679: 2086:, on the pretext of "fighting crime and terrorism". In one such occasion, banned 2040: 2024:, in February 1999, Maskhadov declared The Islamic Republic of Ichkeria, and the 1818: 1685:

counted 10,000 troops in December 1994, rising to 40,000 soldiers by early 1996.

1652: 1439: 1388: 468: 400: 372: 8154: 6196:"Chechens in Afghanistan 3 (Flash from the Past): Diplomats, yes, but fighters?" 5834: 4969: 4907: 4690: 4095: 2900: 1433:

The war ravages and lack of economic opportunities left numbers of armed former

1384:

workers were killed, resulting in most foreign aid workers leaving the country.

1169:

In September–October 1991, Dudayev's supporters seized power in Chechnya in the

12962: 12906: 12856: 12484: 12462: 12423: 12403: 12346: 12324: 12241: 12192: 12086: 11528: 11485: 11265: 11195: 11155: 10935: 10921: 10888: 10883: 10855: 10841: 10647: 10637: 10601: 9968: 9913: 9896: 9772: 9756: 9709: 9667: 9483: 8971: 8059: 8039: 7607: 6756: 5700: 4403: 4247: 4212: 4147: 4039: 2571: 2118: 2029: 2021: 1952: 1902: 1869: 1648: 1635: 1574: 1546: 1527: 1419: 1272: 1259: 1190: 1152:

of 1994–1996 resulted in the victory of the separatist forces. After achieving

1134: 786: 480: 12263: 2130:, resulting in the deaths of multiple civilians. In the Moscow stand-off, FSB 1442:(who joined pro-Moscow forces in the second war) and militants in the town of 1290:

According to an article originally published by a Kremlin-backed publication,

13024: 12806: 12708: 12457: 12398: 12236: 12175: 12133: 11490: 11480: 10949: 10916: 10611: 10591: 10409: 10098: 9891: 9591: 9100: 8767: 7702: 7697: 7652: 7647: 7627: 6950: 6626: 4633:"Jihadis in Idlib bash Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov for role in Ukraine war" 4284: 1928: 1578: 1473: 1411: 1283: 956: 801: 645: 639: 313: 302: 235: 222: 11350: 12866: 12781: 12180: 11321: 11279: 11091: 10869: 10642: 10404: 9990: 9963: 9908: 9534: 8940: 8667: 8231: 8119: 7969: 7732: 7717: 7687: 7657: 7617: 4349: 2083: 1919: 1890: 1858: 1801:, recognized the independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in 1993. 1742: 1558: 1554: 1454: 1302: 1237: 426: 5384:

who was the head of the Security Council of Ichkeria in 1997–1999 accused

2465: 12751: 12524: 12501: 11961: 11513: 10568: 9746: 9544: 9306: 8961: 8295: 8190: 8159: 8139: 8019: 7974: 7928: 7757: 7742: 7737: 7672: 7612: 7089: 6962: 5381: 2239: 1458: 1233: 285: 5607: 4011: 2974: 12876: 12796: 12746: 12388: 12160: 11908: 11108: 10252: 9570: 9409: 9105: 8396: 8288: 8205: 8049: 7979: 6475: 6437: 4754: 4723:"Ukraine lawmakers brand Chechnya 'Russian-occupied' in dig at Kremlin" 4637: 4582: 4578:"'My MMA Gym Will Be Empty': Chechens Head to Ukraine to Fight Kadyrov" 3304: 2808: 2782:"Ukraine lawmakers brand Chechnya 'Russian-occupied' in dig at Kremlin" 2091: 1978: 1498:

On 9 August 1999, Islamist fighters from Chechnya infiltrated Russia's

824: 2275:

the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was restored, it is unknown if the

1797:, deposed in a military coup of 1991 and a leading participant in the 12957: 8109: 8094: 8084: 8079: 8024: 8009: 7298: 6422: 6356: 6123: 5389: 5287: 4513:"Islamic State Apparently Wins Its Competition With Caucasus Emirate" 2431:"Конституция Чеченской Республики » Zhaina — Нахская библиотека" 2264: 2187: 2107: 2103: 2063: 1940: 1915: 1656: 1434: 1381: 1317:

police to prevent the vote from taking place, leading to bloodshed.

12952: 12947: 12811: 10623: 10563: 10558: 9874: 9518: 9265: 8662: 8573: 8557: 8516: 8069: 7994: 7868: 7752: 5705: 5612: 5554: 5522: 4974: 4408: 4252: 4217: 4152: 2942:"The Conflict Between Russia And Chechnya – Working Paper #95-5(1)" 2131: 1766: 1499: 1465:

deprived his regime of crucial revenues and agitated his allies in

1462: 1443: 1130: 986: 819: 729: 699: 308: 9641: 8935: 8817: 8699: 8459: 8134: 12967: 12891: 12791: 12771: 12766: 12294: 12071: 11427: 9636: 9621: 9280: 9270: 8812: 8797: 8646: 8531: 8521: 8144: 8114: 8064: 8054: 7959: 7712: 7662: 6681: 6590: 3600:"Opposition Reports Toppling Chief of Breakaway Russian Republic" 2316: 2276: 2005: 1923: 1906:

most notable war crimes committed by the Russian army during the

1849: 1842: 1829:

called on Maskhadov to cut all links with the Taliban. After the

1809: 1620: 1531: 1427: 3169: 2709:

E. Cornell, Svante; Frederick Starr, Stephen (28 January 2015).

2037:

four western engineers working for Granger Telecom were abducted

1936:

the back rolled through the streets on the way to the cemetery.

1893:

organizations of starting a brutal war with total disregard for

1812:

government on 16 January 2000. This recognition ceased with the

1398:

Maskhadov sought to maintain Chechen sovereignty while pressing

1309:

In late October 1992, federal forces were dispatched to end the

12921: 12786: 12776: 12761: 12756: 12440: 12258: 12219: 10586: 10509: 9488: 8848: 8014: 7999: 7964: 7954: 3034: 2889: 2602:"Chechnya, Torn by War, Is Also Being Tormented by Kidnappings" 2466:"Leader of unrecognised Ichkeria met with officials in Ukraine" 2322: 2025: 1989: 1770: 1763:

Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic

1713: 1693: 1689: 1544:

Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic

1523: 1466: 1415: 1399: 1182: 852: 847: 724: 214: 3803:"Grozny Journal; Picking Up, After Guns Have Done Their Worst" 3291: 1052: 13096:

Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

12972: 12911: 9473: 8552: 8164: 5633:"Russia Says Remains Are Those Of Envoy Abducted in Chechnya" 5366: 2260: 1774: 1709: 1539: 1507: 1043: 829: 4750:"Chechen fighters leave Syria to battle Russians in Ukraine" 4691:"Chechen batallions in Ukraine: Common fight against Russia" 2228:. It exercised control over large parts of western Georgia. 2106:

in the war, Russian federal forces went on a village-sweep (

13004: 12916: 10531: 5827:"Reported grave breaches of international humanitarian law" 5392:

brothers of engaging in slave trade in the inter-war period

5096: 5094: 5092: 1754: 1701: 1697: 1611:

Chechen involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

1585:

operate in Ukraine where they fought against Russia in the

1566: 1058: 1055: 5900:"Chechnya Conflict: Use of Vacuum Bombs by Russian Forces" 5013:

Kuzio, Taras. "The Chechen crisis and the 'near abroad'".

3430:. United States Military Academy, West Point. p. 29. 2122:

Two large-scale hostage-takings have been documented, the

1258:. On 21 August, the OKChN called for the overthrow of the 1177:

from Russia. The move was welcomed by Georgia's President

5303:

Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. Page 114.

5129:"Russia's invasion of Chechnya: a preliminary assessment" 4457: 4455: 4440: 4428: 4381: 4369: 3425:"Tactical Observations From The Grozny Combat Experience" 3305:"Chechen Leadership In Exile Seeks To Salvage Legitimacy" 2739:

Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict

2708: 2353:

Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

2333:

Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

1453:

Maskhadov proved unable to guarantee the security of the

1040: 11545:

Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

5802:"Russian soldiers being sold into slave labour – report" 5371:

Russia: RFE/RL Interviews Chechen Field Commander Umarov

5089: 3327: 3325: 1410:

population) have been internally displaced and lived in

12821: 12577: 6124:"უკრაინის უმაღლესმა რადამ იჩქერიის სუვერენიტეტი აღიარა" 6099:

Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya, New Edition

5950:

European court assails Russia over killings in Chechnya

4800:"Russian Strategy In Chechnya: a Case Study in Failure" 4487:"Why Is The Death Toll Tumbling In The North Caucasus?" 3653:"The savagery of war: A soldier looks back at Chechnya" 1219:

List of wars involving the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

9857: 6175:"Current Development: Afghanistan Recognizes Chechnya" 5550:"Chechen Islamic court bans all New Year celebrations" 4531: 4467: 4452: 3868:"Envoys of Russia, Chechnya Discuss Options for Peace" 3539:"Russians show photos that 'prove Chechen beheadings'" 2134:

forces stormed the building on the third day using an

2050:, which was behind the kidnappings and financed them. 6029:"Russia Bombs Chechen Oil Plant; Dudayev Seeks Talks" 5757:

Chechens Believe Russia's Aim Is to Obliterate Nation

5102:"War crimes in Chechnya and the response of the West" 5061:"Ukraine recognizes the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria" 4705:"Ukraine recognizes the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria" 4345:"In ruins of one war, Grozny prepares for the second" 3772:"In Fallen Chechen Capital, Medical Care Is in Ruins" 3322: 1677:

Cadets of the Ichkeria Chechen National Guard in 1999

1254:

on 19 August 1991 became the spark for the so-called

1107: 1087: 1067: 1049: 153: 6351:

Official website of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

5994:

Bristol, Lela; Gutterman, Steve (22 November 1991).

4661:"Chechen Fighters in Ukraine Set Sights on Homeland" 4178: 3006:"Ethnic Strife Splintering Core of Russian Republic" 1749:

and converted it into a province of the much larger

1569:. He integrated the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as 1349:

In November 1994, Avturkhanov's forces attempted to

11957:

Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh

6091: 6089: 6087: 6085: 5479: 5477: 4242: 4240: 4142: 4140: 3837:"Chechen Voters' Key Concerns: Order and Stability" 3484: 3482: 3164: 3162: 2279:still recognizes the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. 1845:still recognizes the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. 1483: 1046: 6027:Goldberg, Carey; Efron, Sonni (30 December 1994). 5253: 5154: 5152: 3137:"Legislators Block Yeltsin Rule of Breakaway Area" 3046: 3044: 3042: 13022: 10744:United Vilayat of Kabarda, Balkaria and Karachay 6082: 5993: 5849:"Revealed: Russia's worst war crime in Chechnya" 5474: 5324: 4551:"Chechens Now Fighting On Both Sides In Ukraine" 4237: 4137: 3940:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3930:. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. 3479: 3159: 1669:Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 1645:Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 5595:The Chechen Struggle: Independence Won and Lost 5582:The Chechen Struggle: Independence Won and Lost 5149: 4597: 4213:"Islamist vice-president defies Chechen leader" 4148:"Chechen leader survives assassination attempt" 3052:"Defiance of the wolf baying at Yeltsin's door" 3039: 2935: 2933: 2712:The Guns of August 2008 Russia's War in Georgia 2460: 2458: 2456: 2401:"The Constitution of Chechen Republic Ichkeria" 1745:, declared that he had renamed the republic to 1553:On 31 October 2007, the separatist news agency 1236:for Chechnya as a separate republic within the 12733:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 5926:"February 5: A Day of Slaughter in Novye Aldi" 4747: 4693:. Ukraine Сrisis Media Center. 19 August 2022. 3519:Smith, Duane "Mike"; Hodges, Frederick "Ben". 3490:"Armed standoff in breakaway Russian province" 3071: 3069: 2395: 2393: 1787:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 1446:; over 50 people were reported killed and the 1375: 1223: 13061:States and territories disestablished in 2000 12716: 11380: 11366: 10006: 9843: 9086: 8265: 6372: 6102:. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. 133–134. 6026: 5444: 5442: 3765: 3763: 3740: 3738: 3394:"Russian Troops Arrive As Caucasus Flares Up" 1999:After the First Chechen War, the country won 1011: 147: 123: 109: 37: 10020: 5402:Document Information | Amnesty International 4826:"Draft Constitution of the Chechen Republic" 4003: 4001: 3830: 3828: 2969: 2967: 2930: 2484: 2453: 2159: 2039:and beheaded after a failed rescue attempt. 1659:as a genocide against the Ukrainian people. 9120:List of active separatist movements in Asia 4919: 4917: 3683:"President of Chechnya Backs Islamic State" 3569:"Russia loses patience with Chechen rebels" 3416: 3201:"Russia Pours Troops Into Breakaway Region" 3130: 3128: 3066: 2742:. Cambridge University Press. p. 109. 2390: 1946:have boiled the skull to remove the flesh. 1245:All-National Congress of the Chechen People 13056:States and territories established in 1991 12723: 12709: 11373: 11359: 10013: 9999: 9850: 9836: 9093: 9079: 8272: 8258: 8230:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on 7874:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines) 6379: 6365: 6149:"Digital Copy of the Recognition Document" 5439: 5313:Four Western hostages beheaded in Chechnya 4058: 3982:Chechnya, New Dimensions of the Old Crisis 3957:"Yeltsin Signs Peace Treaty With Chechnya" 3760: 3746:"Russian troops begin pullout in Chechnya" 3735: 3713:"Airstrike hits Chechen separatist region" 3260: 3198: 2939: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 1018: 1004: 12188:Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh 11872:Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas 6058:"Little Hope in Poll for Ethnic Russians" 5285:History of Chechen rebels' hostage taking 5026: 5002:The Finnish Yearbook of International Law 4895: 4793: 4791: 4603: 4179:Agence France-Presse (25 December 1998). 3998: 3898:"Little Hope in Poll for Ethnic Russians" 3825: 3422: 3391: 3333:"1992–1994: Independence in all but name" 3075: 2964: 2867:Чеченская Республика Ичкерия. Общий обзор 1962:United Nations Commission on Human Rights 11695:2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes 11413:Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia 10314:Domodedovo International Airport bombing 10243:1995 Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis 6322: 6301: 5969:"Truck bombs kill at least 35 in Grozny" 5278: 5017:, Volume 14, Issue 4 1995, pages 553–572 4914: 4575: 4537: 4519:. Jamestown Foundation. 13 November 2015 4473: 4461: 4446: 4434: 4387: 4375: 4125:"Further emergency measures in Chechnya" 3865: 3800: 3769: 3125: 2926:Россия-Чечня: цепь ошибок и преступлений 2774: 2572:"Chechen president cracks down on crime" 2102:. In what is regarded as one of gravest 1672: 1418:by trading oil in countries such as the 12989:District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) 11176: 11103: 6041:from the original on 10 December 2017. 5483: 4715: 3976: 3974: 3954: 3835:Stanley, Alessandra (24 January 1997). 3834: 3518: 3232:"Yeltsin fails to bring rebels to heel" 2905: 2841: 2564: 16:Former unrecognized country (1991–2000) 13023: 12564:2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping 11787:Allegations of third-party involvement 11736:July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 11681:September 2009 Agdam military incident 11648:1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown 9060:First-level NUTS of the European Union 7834:Galician independence movement (Spain) 6386: 6226:Official website of the Verkhovna Rada 5943: 5260:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 5245: 5027:Boudreaux, Richard (9 February 1995). 5007: 4970:"Chechens in talks as deadline passes" 4788: 4671:from the original on 13 September 2022 4398: 4396: 4342: 3967:from the original on 20 November 2010. 3363:"Bombers threaten Ingush Duma hopeful" 3302: 3229: 3135:Bohlen, Celestine (12 November 1991). 3134: 3106: 2756: 2735: 2650:"Chechnya proclaimed Islamic republic" 2545: 1604: 1461:, and illegal oil tapping and acts of 628:15,300 km (5,900 sq mi) 12704: 11452:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan 11354: 9994: 9831: 9074: 8253: 7884:Patani United Liberation Organisation 7854:Inner Mongolian independence movement 6360: 6095: 6070:from the original on 10 December 2017 6055: 5630: 5562:from the original on 10 December 2017 5530:from the original on 10 December 2017 5330: 5301:Chechnya: Life in a War-Torn Society. 5251: 5041:from the original on 10 December 2017 5000:Kari Takamaa and Martti Koskenneimi. 4770:"On the Recognition of the Holodomor" 4697: 4324:from the original on 10 December 2017 4312:"Dagestan moves to state of holy war" 4292:from the original on 10 December 2017 4260:from the original on 10 December 2017 4225:from the original on 14 November 2012 4160:from the original on 10 December 2017 3908:from the original on 10 December 2017 3866:Reynolds, Maura (28 September 2001). 3723:from the original on 11 December 2017 3693:from the original on 21 February 2011 3663:from the original on 11 December 2017 3610:from the original on 4 December 2015. 3597: 3579:from the original on 10 December 2017 3500:from the original on 10 December 2017 3467:from the original on 10 December 2017 3404:from the original on 10 December 2017 3392:Schmemann, Serge (11 November 1992). 3373:from the original on 10 December 2017 3343:from the original on 28 February 2016 3230:Steele, Jonathan (11 November 1991). 3211:from the original on 3 September 2000 3109:The Criminal–Terror Nexus in Chechnya 3016:from the original on 10 December 2017 3003: 2582:from the original on 10 December 2017 2520: 2269:United States invasion of Afghanistan 2167: 2136:unknown incapacitating chemical agent 2053: 1922:. They wantonly opened fire or threw 11934:Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians 11678:January 2009 Agdam military incident 11408:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920) 7879:National Liberation Front of Corsica 7804:East Turkestan independence movement 6056:Smith, Sebastian (23 January 1997). 6008:from the original on 17 October 2015 5875:"Eyewitness: Chechnya's war goes on" 5462:from the original on 9 December 2017 5427:from the original on 12 January 2015 5229:DETAILS OF SAMASHKI MASSACRE EMERGE. 4896:Abdullaev, Nabi (14 December 2001). 4871: 4797: 4604:MacKinnon, Mark (13 February 2022). 4076:from the original on 9 December 2017 3971: 3878:from the original on 9 December 2017 3620: 3199:Hockstader, Lee (12 December 1994). 3078:"Breakaway leader challenges Russia" 3076:Trevelyan, Mark (13 November 1991). 3062:from the original on 23 August 2013. 2821: 2715:. Taylor & Francis. p. 30. 2660:from the original on 9 December 2017 2630:from the original on 9 December 2017 2502:from the original on 9 December 2017 1964:had this to report on the incident: 1880: 1780: 11563:Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli 11558:1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown 11540:1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown 10319:2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing 6326:Russia's Wars in Chechnya 1994-2009 5776:"Russian rockets hit Grozny market" 5701:"Chechnya's hard path to statehood" 5486:"Islam Gets the Law and Order Vote" 5450:"Chechen court applies Islamic law" 4950:from the original on 4 October 2015 4576:Prothero, Mitchell (2 March 2022). 4393: 3955:Stanley, Alessandra (13 May 1997). 3756:from the original on 29 April 2005. 3633:from the original on 23 August 2013 3549:from the original on 4 January 2013 3273:from the original on 23 August 2013 3242:from the original on 23 August 2013 3180:from the original on 1 October 2017 3088:from the original on 23 August 2013 2376:Planned; never entered circulation. 1841:was restored. It is unknown if the 1137:that controlled most of the former 13: 10279:2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis 9859:Leaders of Chechnya (1991–present) 5620:from the original on 1 March 2015. 5348:from the original on 20 March 2017 4982:from the original on 1 August 2016 4748:Sultan al-Kanj (22 October 2022). 4106:from the original on 26 April 2017 3801:Erlanger, Steven (29 March 1995). 3437:from the original on 30 April 2017 3004:Dobbs, Michael (29 October 1991). 2806: 2263:, however relations became tense, 1973: 1726:1997 Chechen presidential election 1640:Separate Special Purpose Battalion 1175:proclaimed Chechnya's independence 14: 13112: 11728:2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 11705:2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown 11700:2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 11510:Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988) 11039:Islamic State – Caucasus Province 6344: 6305:Armies of Russia's War in Ukraine 5713:from the original on 5 April 2016 5608:"Hostages 'beheaded at roadside'" 5518:"Islamic dress code for Chechnya" 5126: 4938:"What Moscow wants from 'summit'" 4416:from the original on 5 March 2016 3770:Erlanger, Steven (9 April 1995). 3521:"War as a Continuation of Policy" 2879:Десять дней, которые отменили мир 1457:running across Chechnya from the 1301:Dudayev's government created the 1294:, and reprinted in early 1992 by 1141:from 1991 to 2000 and has been a 1109:Chechenskaya Respublika Ichkeriya 172:Location of Chechnya (dark green) 13071:2000 disestablishments in Russia 12820: 12494: 12472: 12446: 12433: 12381: 12334: 12287: 12251: 12225: 12212: 12153: 12101: 12064: 11596:Mardakert and Martuni Offensives 10345:Battle of Grozny (November 1994) 10130:1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya 10057:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 9924: 9867: 6265: 6239: 6214: 6188: 6167: 6141: 6116: 6049: 6020: 5987: 5961: 5918: 5892: 5867: 5841: 5819: 5794: 5768: 5750: 5725: 5693: 5675: 5657: 5645:from the original on 27 May 2015 5624: 5600: 5587: 5574: 5542: 5510: 5498:from the original on 6 July 2017 5413: 5395: 5360: 5306: 5293: 5222: 5203: 5177: 5120: 5071: 5053: 5020: 4994: 4962: 4404:"Russia appoints Chechen leader" 4193:from the original on 27 May 2015 4096:"War racketeers plague Chechnya" 3847:from the original on 27 May 2015 3813:from the original on 26 May 2015 3782:from the original on 26 May 2015 3147:from the original on 25 May 2015 2690:from the original on 30 May 2017 2550:. Lexington Books. p. 129. 2411:from the original on 18 May 2015 2309: 2238: 2202: 1866:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 1494:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 1484:Second war and insurgency period 1036: 763: 704: 676: 166: 89: 75: 11717:2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 11418:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 10350:Censorship of Chechnya coverage 10269:1999 Russian apartment bombings 7985:Basque Country (greater region) 7844:Guangdong Independence Movement 5631:Wines, Michael (15 June 2000). 4930: 4889: 4846: 4818: 4798:Lutz, Raymond R. (April 1997). 4762: 4741: 4683: 4653: 4625: 4569: 4555:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4543: 4505: 4491:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4479: 4357:from the original on 8 May 2014 4336: 4304: 4280:"Russia's violent southern rim" 4272: 4205: 4172: 4118: 4088: 4040:"The Afghanisation of Chechnya" 4032: 3948: 3920: 3890: 3859: 3794: 3705: 3675: 3645: 3614: 3591: 3561: 3531: 3512: 3449: 3385: 3355: 3309:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 3303:Fuller, Liz (2 February 2012). 3296: 3285: 3261:Baranovski, I. (12 June 1992). 3254: 3223: 3192: 3111:. Lexington Books. p. 89. 3100: 3028: 2997: 2985:from the original on 7 May 2017 2946:University of Colorado, Boulder 2894: 2883: 2872: 2815: 2800: 2729: 2702: 2672: 2642: 2612: 2289: 2171: 1875: 1623:since its formation during the 505:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 476:• 2007–present (in exile) 12628:NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration 11939:Berkadzor fuel depot explosion 11713:2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 11524:1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing 11501:Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms 10299:2004 Russian aircraft bombings 10104:Battle of Grozny (August 1996) 10089:1995 Shali cluster bomb attack 9979:Acting officeholders shown in 7789:Assyrian independence movement 6295: 5336:"Chechnya's Grimmest Industry" 5029:"Faith Fuels Chechen Fighters" 4898:"Are Chechens in Afghanistan?" 4343:Uzelac, Ana (7 October 1999). 4038:Peter Brownfeld (March 2003). 4014:. Free Press, New York, 2007. 3621:Meek, James (12 August 1994). 3598:Efron, Sonni (3 August 1994). 2620:"Chechnya's chop-chop justice" 2594: 2539: 2514: 2423: 2370: 2285: 2257:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 2222:1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état 2068:International humanitarian law 1839:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1806:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1393:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1080: 1: 13086:Former unrecognized countries 13066:1991 establishments in Russia 12004:Armenian-occupied territories 11685:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes 11029:Islamic International Brigade 10554:Main Intelligence Directorate 10248:1996 Black Sea hostage crisis 10175:Counter-insurgency operations 7924:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement 7919:Tibetan independence movement 7849:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 7809:Faroese independence movement 7794:Catalan independence movement 6329:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 6308:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 5996:"Soviet Union: Mother Russia" 5737:Post-Soviet Armies Newsletter 5421:"Latest News – MFA of Latvia" 5256:The Oath A Surgeon Under Fire 3174:Uppsala Conflict Data Program 3170:"Forces of Rusland Labazanov" 2901:Чеченская Республика Нохчи-чо 2525:. Anthem Press. p. 280. 2523:Chechnya: From Past to Future 2383: 2142: 2124:Moscow theater hostage crisis 2090:were fired on the village of 1785:Ichkeria was a member of the 13031:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 12623:Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration 12480:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 11919:Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh 11610:1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état 11457:Armenia–Azerbaijan relations 10719:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 10527:Ministry of Internal Affairs 10437:Polina Zherebtsova's Journal 10135:Battle of Grozny (1999–2000) 10114:Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty 10084:Battle of Grozny (1994–1995) 9932:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 8005:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 7914:Taiwan independence movement 7889:Ryukyu independence movement 7799:Champa independence movement 7779:Alsace independence movement 6200:afghanistan analysts Network 5955:International Herald Tribune 5484:Stanley, Alessandra (1997). 5189:War Resisters' International 3623:"Dudayev threatens holy war" 3457:"Chechens in bloody protest" 3423:Jenkinson, Brett C. (2002). 2809:"About the name of Ichkeria" 2348:Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty 1773:courts and included Islamic 1326: 1196: 1098:Чеченская Республика Ичкерия 1032:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 977:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 28:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 7: 11877:2020–2021 Armenian protests 11844:Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown 10761:Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan 10264:1996 Kizlyar hostage crisis 9024:Irish (in Northern Ireland) 7869:Mapuche separatist movement 5160:"Human Rights Developments" 4045:The International Spectator 2940:Yevsyukova, Mariya (1995). 2341: 1732:Declaration of Independence 1719: 1662: 1630:In 2022, Russia launched a 1407:Russia–Chechen Peace Treaty 1376:Interwar period (1996–1999) 1224:Declaration of independence 1108: 1088: 937:Checheno-Ingush Aut. Oblast 523:19 August–15 September 1991 154: 38: 10: 13117: 13076:Former countries in Europe 11924:2023 Azerbaijani offensive 11882:Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher 11854:Treatment of Armenian POWs 10451:The 3 Rooms of Melancholia 10309:2010 Moscow Metro bombings 7904:Silesian Autonomy Movement 7784:Assam separatist movements 6939:Northern & Middle Asia 5185:"Mothers' March to Grozny" 4181:"A Chechen Islamic Ruling" 2330: 2094:, in what is known as the 1723: 1666: 1617:Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion 1608: 1595:Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion 1589:. The early pro-Ukrainian 1487: 1450:was declared in Chechnya. 1362:Battle of Grozny (1994–95) 1330: 1252:Soviet coup d'état attempt 1216: 1212: 185:Soviet autonomous republic 12997: 12981: 12940: 12829: 12818: 12739: 12610: 12517: 12279: 12056: 11949: 11892:September 2022 escalation 11864: 11761: 11666: 11465: 11388: 11382:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 11047: 11011: 11004: 10769: 10711: 10704: 10579: 10559:Special Forces (Spetsnaz) 10502: 10495: 10423: 10327: 10294:2004 Moscow Metro bombing 10289:2002 Grozny truck bombing 10235: 10155:2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash 10122: 10066: 10028: 9977: 9922: 9865: 9809: 9781: 9765: 9734: 9718: 9692: 9676: 9660: 9579: 9563: 9527: 9466: 9450: 9434: 9418: 9392: 9361: 9340: 9289: 9258: 9242: 9183: 9152: 9126: 9117: 9052: 9006: 8980: 8949: 8928: 8857: 8836: 8755: 8734: 8708: 8692: 8676: 8655: 8639: 8623: 8582: 8566: 8540: 8509: 8468: 8447: 8426: 8405: 8389: 8371: 8350: 8319: 8303: 8221: 8173: 7947: 7909:Székely autonomy movement 7771: 7598: 7563: 7518: 7448: 7407: 7389: 7382: 7337: 7294: 7287: 7262: 7226: 7198: 7191: 7118: 7028: 7021: 6986: 6938: 6892: 6807: 6734: 6646: 6639: 6604: 6583: 6542: 6535: 6515: 6494: 6458: 6410: 6403: 6394: 6096:Smith, Sebastian (2006). 5664:The Michigan Daily Online 4943:Christian Science Monitor 4248:"Chechnya power struggle" 4131:30 September 2007 at the 4052:11 September 2008 at the 2160:International recognition 1565:and declared himself its 1202: 1162:continued its activities 1097: 927:Chechen Autonomous Oblast 720: 655: 632: 622: 615: 611: 597: 584: 570: 556: 540: 527: 514: 510: 500: 490: 486: 474: 462: 452:• 1991–1996 (first) 450: 446: 436: 432: 420: 406: 394: 390: 382: 378: 366: 352: 340: 336: 326: 296: 272: 251: 210: 177: 165: 148: 142: 124: 110: 105: 71: 57: 23: 12602:2023 ceasefire agreement 12560:2020 ceasefire agreement 12540:Zheleznovodsk Communiqué 11811:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral 11653:1994 Bagratashen bombing 11643:1994 Baku Metro bombings 10549:Federal Security Service 10304:2004 Beslan school siege 10150:2000 Zhani-Vedeno ambush 10051:Insurgency in Ingushetia 10022:Chechen–Russian conflict 7839:Greenlandic independence 5687:12 November 2014 at the 5407:21 November 2004 at the 5233:The Jamestown Foundation 5216:11 February 2012 at the 2363: 2255:On 16 January 2000, the 2048:Federal Security Service 1632:full invasion of Ukraine 1351:storm the city of Grozny 1311:Ossetian-Ingush conflict 1089:Nóxçiyn Respublik Içkeri 1081:Нохчийн Республик Ичкери 464:• 1998–2000 (last) 39:Nóxçiyn Respublik Içkeri 12611:International documents 12588:EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023 11782:International reactions 11732:2019 clash near Chinari 11496:Zvartnots Airport clash 11447:Azerbaijanis in Armenia 11435:Armenians in Azerbaijan 10384:International response 10145:Battle of Komsomolskoye 6323:Galeotti, Mark (2014). 6302:Galeotti, Mark (2019). 5318:3 December 2002 at the 5252:Baiev, Khassan (2003). 4925:The Eurasian politician 4018:29 January 2017 at the 4010:and Marina Litvinenko. 2521:Sakwa, Richard (2005). 2154:first bombing of Grozny 1599:Sheikh Mansur Battalion 1591:Chechen volunteer units 907:North Caucasian Emirate 252:Official languages 12852:Chittagong Hill Tracts 12663:UNGA Resolution 62/243 12658:UNGA Resolution 60/285 12653:UNGA Resolution 48/114 11914:2022 Armenian protests 11746:Protests in Azerbaijan 11690:2010 Mardakert clashes 11674:2008 Mardakert clashes 11658:Refugees in Azerbaijan 11625:1993 Summer Offensives 10274:1999 Tukhchar massacre 7864:Māori protest movement 4774:chechen-government.com 2273:2021 Taliban offensive 2149:anti-Russian sentiment 1971: 1948: 1899:indiscriminate attacks 1831:2021 Taliban offensive 1789:. Former president of 1712:transport aircraft, 5 1683:Chechen National Guard 1678: 1619:fought on the side of 1478:Chechen Vice-President 917:Chechen National Okrug 12618:Astrakhan Declaration 12593:EUMA Feb 2023–present 12357:Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan 12310:Norat Ter-Grigoryants 11865:Post-ceasefire events 11587:Capture of Artsvashen 11568:Capture of Garadaghly 10828:Abdul-Halim Sadulayev 10800:Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev 10340:Anti-Russian violence 10140:Battle for Height 776 9959:Abdul-Halim Sadulayev 9948:Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev 9110:stateless nationalism 7894:Scottish independence 7859:Kashubian Association 7581:Indigenous Australian 5831:Amnesty International 5376:14 March 2008 at the 5334:(18 September 2000). 4978:. 27 September 2001. 3987:12 March 2008 at the 3107:Meyers, Jeff (2017). 2736:Dunlop, John (1998). 2626:. 18 September 1997. 2546:Meyers, Jeff (2017). 2331:Further information: 2271:. However, after the 2096:bombing of Katyr-Yurt 2080:Amnesty International 2076:Grozny central market 2018:New Year celebrations 1966: 1933: 1739:President of Ichkeria 1704:trainer aircraft, 52 1676: 1217:Further information: 414:Abdul-Halim Sadulayev 360:Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev 236:43.31250°N 45.69861°E 13091:Governments in exile 13051:Separatism in Russia 12648:PACE Resolution 2085 12643:PACE Resolution 1416 12638:OIC Resolution 10/37 12633:OIC Resolution 10/11 12269:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 11797:Aras Valley campaign 11709:2016 Odundağ clashes 11629:Operation Geghamasar 11550:Siege of Stepanakert 10903:Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev 10564:Republic of Chechnya 10400:Politics of Chechnya 10355:Crimes and terrorism 10284:2003 Tushino bombing 10170:2005 raid on Nalchik 10074:Battle of Dolinskoye 8100:Marathi Abhimaangeet 7899:Siberian regionalism 6353:, archived June 2000 5669:30 June 2007 at the 5558:. 11 December 1997. 5526:. 12 November 1997. 5239:25 June 2007 at the 5083:The Kyiv Independent 5015:Central Asian Survey 4102:. 14 December 2004. 3719:. 29 November 1994. 3689:. 21 November 1994. 3659:. 10 November 2007. 3527:on 10 December 2017. 3263:"Mob Rule in Moscow" 3058:. 8 September 1994. 2981:. 13 December 2014. 2188:Diplomatic relations 1855:United Arab Emirates 1835:Fall of Kabul (2021) 1823:September 11 attacks 1716:transport aircraft. 1708:trainer aircraft, 6 1649:Ukraine's parliament 1514:After a hard-fought 1292:Komsomolskaya Pravda 1139:Checheno-Ingush ASSR 1124:, and also known as 1120:"), known simply as 967:Checheno-Ingush ASSR 947:Checheno-Ingush ASSR 13041:History of Chechnya 13036:Chechen nationalism 12897:Southern Azerbaijan 12583:EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022 12507:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 12342:Republic of Artsakh 12305:Gurgen Dalibaltayan 12144:Samvel Shahramanyan 12109:Republic of Artsakh 12077:Levon Ter-Petrosyan 11929:Protests in Armenia 11721:Shelling of Alxanlı 11600:Operation Həsənqaya 10662:Dzhabrail Yamadayev 10165:2004 raid on Grozny 9886:Salambek Khadzhiyev 9587:Balkar and Karachay 8763:Balkar and Karachay 8726:Free City of Danzig 8191:American Indigenous 7824:Free Papua Movement 7234:Balkar and Karachay 7029:Southeastern Europe 6560:Indigenous Canadian 5616:. 9 December 1998. 4854:"RUSSIA / CHECHNYA" 4256:. 9 February 1999. 4221:. 7 February 1999. 3904:. 23 January 1997. 2919:Черкасов А. В. 2656:. 5 November 1997. 2498:. 22 January 1998. 2358:History of Chechnya 2327:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 2183:Date of recognition 2128:Beslan school siege 2112:Novye Aldi massacre 2088:Thermobaric weapons 1827:Bush administration 1814:fall of the Taliban 1605:Russo-Ukrainian War 1143:government-in-exile 782:Kura–Araxes culture 560:Moscow Peace Treaty 232: / 201:Government in exile 125:Свобода или смерть! 64:Government-in-exile 13046:Post-Soviet states 12453:Viktor Polyanichko 12139:Arayik Harutyunyan 11992:Shahumyan Province 11982:Martakert Province 11977:Kashatagh Province 11638:Operation Kalbajar 11615:Battle of Kalbajar 11591:Operation Goranboy 11554:Operation Dashalty 11294:Abu Hafs al-Urduni 11064:Magomed Suleimanov 10964:Rasul Makasharipov 10749:Vilayat Cherkessia 10739:Vilayat Nokhchicho 10587:Russian Federation 10510:Russian Federation 10479:Ant in a Glass Jar 10393:Second Chechen War 10335:Chechen Revolution 10123:Second Chechen War 10079:Battle of Khankala 10045:Second Chechen War 9219:Southern Mongolian 8747:Transylvania–Banat 8236:ethnic nationalism 7939:Welsh independence 7819:Free Aceh Movement 7051:in North Macedonia 6893:South-eastern Asia 6388:Ethnic nationalism 5975:. 27 December 2002 5930:Human Rights Watch 5904:Human Rights Watch 5709:. 1 October 1999. 5638:The New York Times 5491:The New York Times 5458:. 3 January 1997. 5164:Human Rights Watch 5127:Blank, Stephen J. 5108:. 29 February 2000 5106:Human Rights Watch 5085:. 18 October 2022. 4885:on 21 August 2013. 4806:on 27 October 2016 4711:. 18 October 2022. 4611:The Globe and Mail 4493:. 10 February 2015 4320:. 11 August 1999. 4186:The New York Times 4072:. 21 August 1997. 3961:The New York Times 3928:"Freedomhouse.org" 3841:The New York Times 3807:The New York Times 3776:The New York Times 3752:. 25 August 1996. 3687:The New York Times 3398:The New York Times 3339:. 1 January 2001. 3141:The New York Times 2952:on 4 December 2016 2770:. 18 October 2022. 2686:. 11 August 2015. 2680:"Chechnya profile" 2608:. 15 October 1999. 2606:The New York Times 2226:Georgian Civil War 2168:Former recognition 2100:Human Rights Watch 2072:Geneva Conventions 2062:saw a new wave of 2060:Second Chechen War 2054:Second Chechen War 2014:Islamic dress code 1887:Human Rights Watch 1857:, Afghanistan and 1799:Georgian Civil War 1795:Zviad Gamsakhurdia 1753:, with himself as 1737:In late 2007, the 1679: 1571:Vilayat Nokhchicho 1561:had announced the 1504:Second Chechen War 1490:Second Chechen War 1448:state of emergency 1256:Chechen Revolution 1228:In November 1990, 1179:Zviad Gamsakhurdia 1171:Chechen Revolution 1159:Second Chechen War 1112:; abbreviated as " 518:Chechen Revolution 383:President-in-exile 241:43.31250; 45.69861 161:"Death or Freedom" 13101:Islamic republics 13018: 13017: 12907:Southern Mongolia 12872:Iranian Kurdistan 12698: 12697: 12555:Madrid Principles 12535:Tehran Communiqué 12372:Mikael Arzumanyan 12367:Jalal Harutyunyan 12352:Kristapor Ivanyan 12320:Tiran Khachatryan 12232:Mikhail Gorbachev 12124:Leonard Petrosyan 12057:Political leaders 12046:Zangilan District 12024:Kalbajar District 12019:Jabrayil District 11792:Madagiz offensive 11633:Operation Horadiz 11606:Operation Qazançı 11583:Capture of Shusha 11533:Voskepar massacre 11440:Armenians in Baku 11423:Karabakh movement 11348: 11347: 11344: 11343: 11252:Arthur Getagazhev 11137:Supyan Abdullayev 11078:Aliaskhab Kebekov 11034:Riyad-us Saliheen 11000: 10999: 10978:Ilyas Gorchkhanov 10734:Vilayat Galgayche 10700: 10699: 10388:First Chechen War 10109:Khasavyurt Accord 10094:Samashki massacre 10067:First Chechen War 10033:First Chechen War 9988: 9987: 9825: 9824: 9384:South Azerbaijani 9068: 9067: 8247: 8246: 7990:Catalan Countries 7594: 7593: 7559: 7558: 7514: 7513: 7378: 7377: 7283: 7282: 7017: 7016: 6635: 6634: 6531: 6530: 6279:. 6 November 2022 6277:eurasiareview.com 6253:. 3 November 2022 6034:Los Angeles Times 6001:Los Angeles Times 5782:. 22 October 1999 5765:, 7 November 1999 5762:Los Angeles Times 5593:Akhmadov, Ilyas. 5580:Akhmadov, Ilyas. 5341:Los Angeles Times 5299:Tishkov, Valery. 5290:, 24 October 2002 5034:Los Angeles Times 4910:on 7 August 2009. 4834:. 21 January 2003 4831:Council of Europe 4729:. 18 October 2022 4449:, pp. 63–65. 4437:, pp. 60–63. 4390:, pp. 57–60. 4378:, pp. 55–57. 4288:. 25 March 1999. 4027:978-1-4165-5165-2 3995:, 1 February 2003 3872:Los Angeles Times 3604:Los Angeles Times 3575:. 1 August 1994. 3545:. 2 August 1994. 3463:. 26 April 1993. 2788:. 18 October 2022 2749:978-0-521-63619-3 2722:978-1-317-45653-7 2339: 2338: 2283: 2282: 2066:and violation of 1994:public executions 1984:Los Angeles Times 1912:Samashki massacre 1908:First Chechen War 1881:First Chechen War 1781:Foreign relations 1508:Sharia punishment 1405:In May 1997, the 1358:First Chechen War 1333:First Chechen War 1187:Alexander Rutskoy 1150:First Chechen War 1106: 1086: 1028: 1027: 995: 994: 897:Mountain Republic 874:Caucasian Imamate 797:Kharachoi culture 737: 736: 716: 715: 712: 711: 692: 691: 422:• 2006–2007 408:• 2005–2006 396:• 2000–2005 368:• 1997–2000 354:• 1996–1997 342:• 1991–1996 317:semi-presidential 306:semi-presidential 191:Independent state 137:Freedom or Death! 13108: 13081:Former republics 12932:West Balochistan 12862:Gilgit Baltistan 12824: 12802:Western Togoland 12792:Rehoboth Basters 12725: 12718: 12711: 12702: 12701: 12668:UNSC resolutions 12545:OSCE Minsk Group 12530:Bishkek Protocol 12500: 12498: 12497: 12478: 12476: 12475: 12451: 12450: 12449: 12439: 12437: 12436: 12414:Mais Barkhudarov 12394:Isgandar Hamidov 12387: 12385: 12384: 12340: 12338: 12337: 12293: 12291: 12290: 12280:Military leaders 12257: 12255: 12254: 12230: 12229: 12228: 12218: 12216: 12215: 12203:Tural Ganjaliyev 12171:Abulfaz Elchibey 12159: 12157: 12156: 12129:Arkadi Ghukasyan 12119:Robert Kocharyan 12107: 12105: 12104: 12082:Robert Kocharyan 12070: 12068: 12067: 12041:Qubadli District 11987:Martuni Province 11967:Askeran Province 11839:Battle of Shusha 11834:Lachin offensive 11829:Battle of Hadrut 11667:Interwar clashes 11620:Battle of Aghdam 11603:Battle of Lachin 11573:Khojaly massacre 11506:Kirovabad pogrom 11396:Nagorno-Karabakh 11375: 11368: 11361: 11352: 11351: 11336:Zalim Shebzukhov 11332: 11318: 11304: 11290: 11276: 11262: 11248: 11238:Asker Dzhappuyev 11234: 11224:Rustam Asildarov 11220: 11206: 11192: 11178: 11166: 11151:Aslan Byutukayev 11147: 11133: 11119: 11105: 11097:Aslambek Vadalov 11088: 11074: 11060: 11019:Caucasus Emirate 11009: 11008: 10992:Rappani Khalilov 10988: 10974: 10960: 10946: 10932: 10913: 10899: 10880: 10866: 10852: 10838: 10824: 10810: 10796: 10786:Dzhokhar Dudayev 10782: 10729:Vilayat Dagestan 10709: 10708: 10686: 10676:Ruslan Yamadayev 10672: 10658: 10634: 10500: 10499: 10415:Chechen genocide 10160:2004 Nazran raid 10015: 10008: 10001: 9992: 9991: 9942:Dzhokhar Dudayev 9930: 9928: 9927: 9875:Chechen Republic 9873: 9871: 9870: 9852: 9845: 9838: 9829: 9828: 9802: 9757:Western Armenian 9442:North Kazakhstan 9144:South Turkestani 9095: 9088: 9081: 9072: 9071: 9029:Northern English 8972:Western Armenian 8631:North Kazakhstan 8381:Republika Srpska 8274: 8267: 8260: 8251: 8250: 8240: 8125:Republika Srpska 7934:Walloon Movement 7814:Flemish Movement 7387: 7386: 7292: 7291: 7196: 7195: 7026: 7025: 6644: 6643: 6540: 6539: 6408: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6358: 6357: 6340: 6319: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6269: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6155:on 13 March 2016 6151:. Archived from 6145: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6093: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6063:The Moscow Times 6053: 6047: 6046: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5965: 5959: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5896: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5837:on 19 June 2001. 5833:. Archived from 5823: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5772: 5766: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5697: 5691: 5679: 5673: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5604: 5598: 5591: 5585: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5481: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5446: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5417: 5411: 5399: 5393: 5386:Movladi Baisarov 5380:, 27 July 2005; 5364: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5328: 5322: 5310: 5304: 5297: 5291: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5259: 5249: 5243: 5226: 5220: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5145:on 8 March 2008. 5144: 5138:. Archived from 5133: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5098: 5087: 5086: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5024: 5018: 5011: 5005: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4934: 4928: 4927:. 1 October 2003 4921: 4912: 4911: 4906:. Archived from 4903:The Moscow Times 4893: 4887: 4886: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4802:. Archived from 4795: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4557:. 30 August 2014 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4412:. 12 June 2000. 4400: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4244: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4156:. 23 July 1998. 4144: 4135: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4062: 4056: 4036: 4030: 4005: 3996: 3978: 3969: 3968: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3939: 3931: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3902:The Moscow Times 3894: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3832: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3767: 3758: 3757: 3742: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3523:. Archived from 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3496:. 17 June 1993. 3486: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3436: 3429: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3329: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3300: 3294: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3166: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3132: 3123: 3122: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3073: 3064: 3063: 3048: 3037: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2971: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2948:. Archived from 2937: 2928: 2923:Орлов О. П. 2916: 2903: 2898: 2892: 2887: 2881: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2822:ИнфоРост, Н. П. 2819: 2813: 2812: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2578:. 20 July 1998. 2568: 2562: 2561: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2492:"Still growling" 2488: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2462: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2441:on 10 March 2016 2437:. Archived from 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2397: 2377: 2374: 2315: 2313: 2312: 2290: 2243: 2242: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2172: 1895:humanitarian law 1751:Caucasus Emirate 1563:Caucasus Emirate 1542:and head of the 1372:of August 1996. 1370:Battle of Grozny 1340:Mineralniye Vody 1280:Ruslan Labazanov 1230:Dzhokhar Dudayev 1208: 1111: 1101: 1099: 1091: 1085:romanized: 1084: 1082: 1071: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1020: 1013: 1006: 987:Chechen Republic 893: 892: 792:Kayakent culture 767: 757: 739: 738: 708: 707: 696: 695: 686: 680: 679: 673: 672: 657: 656: 552:11 December 1994 457:Dzhokhar Dudayev 416: 362: 347:Dzhokhar Dudayev 320:Islamic republic 289: 281:State secularism 247: 246: 244: 243: 242: 237: 233: 230: 229: 228: 225: 170: 159: 156:Joƶalla ya marşo 151: 150: 135: 127: 126: 121: 113: 112: 111:Маршо я Ӏожалла! 93: 79: 67: 66: 49: 41: 21: 20: 13116: 13115: 13111: 13110: 13109: 13107: 13106: 13105: 13021: 13020: 13019: 13014: 12993: 12977: 12936: 12825: 12816: 12735: 12731:Members of the 12729: 12699: 12694: 12606: 12513: 12495: 12493: 12473: 12471: 12447: 12445: 12434: 12432: 12419:Hikmat Mirzayev 12409:Valeh Barshadly 12382: 12380: 12362:Monte Melkonian 12335: 12333: 12315:Jirair Sefilian 12300:Vazgen Sargsyan 12288: 12286: 12275: 12252: 12250: 12226: 12224: 12213: 12211: 12198:Nizami Bahmanov 12166:Ayaz Mutallibov 12154: 12152: 12114:Artur Mkrtchyan 12102: 12100: 12092:Nikol Pashinyan 12065: 12063: 12052: 12034:Lachin corridor 12029:Lachin District 12014:Fuzuli District 12009:Aghdam District 11997:Shushi Province 11972:Hadrut Province 11945: 11860: 11757: 11662: 11578:Maraga massacre 11461: 11384: 11379: 11349: 11340: 11328: 11314: 11300: 11286: 11272: 11258: 11244: 11230: 11216: 11210:Magomed Vagabov 11202: 11188: 11182:Tarkhan Gaziyev 11170:Khuseyn Gakayev 11162: 11143: 11129: 11123:Anzor Astemirov 11115: 11084: 11070: 11056: 11043: 10996: 10984: 10970: 10956: 10942: 10928: 10909: 10895: 10876: 10862: 10848: 10834: 10820: 10814:Aslan Maskhadov 10806: 10792: 10778: 10765: 10754:Vilayat Iriston 10724:Caucasian Front 10696: 10690:Sulim Yamadayev 10682: 10668: 10654: 10630: 10617:Gennady Troshev 10607:Alexander Lebed 10597:Dmitry Medvedev 10575: 10542:Internal Troops 10491: 10472:Angel of Grozny 10458:The Pathologies 10424:Wars in culture 10419: 10380:Aircraft losses 10365:Suicide attacks 10323: 10231: 10180:Guerrilla phase 10118: 10062: 10039:War in Dagestan 10024: 10019: 9989: 9984: 9973: 9954:Aslan Maskhadov 9934: 9925: 9923: 9918: 9877: 9868: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9826: 9821: 9805: 9796: 9777: 9761: 9730: 9714: 9688: 9672: 9656: 9575: 9559: 9523: 9462: 9446: 9430: 9414: 9388: 9357: 9336: 9285: 9254: 9250:Turkish Cypriot 9238: 9179: 9148: 9122: 9113: 9099: 9069: 9064: 9048: 9002: 8976: 8945: 8924: 8853: 8832: 8751: 8730: 8704: 8688: 8672: 8651: 8640:North Macedonia 8635: 8619: 8578: 8562: 8536: 8505: 8464: 8443: 8422: 8413:Turkish Cypriot 8401: 8385: 8373: 8367: 8346: 8315: 8311:Northern Epirus 8299: 8278: 8248: 8243: 8225: 8217: 8169: 8105:Northern Epirus 8075:Ketuanan Melayu 7943: 7829:Future of Åland 7767: 7703:Native American 7600:Pan-nationalism 7590: 7555: 7519:Northern Europe 7510: 7444: 7403: 7383:Southern Europe 7374: 7333: 7279: 7258: 7222: 7187: 7114: 7013: 6982: 6934: 6888: 6803: 6730: 6631: 6600: 6579: 6570:Native American 6527: 6516:Southern Africa 6511: 6490: 6454: 6396: 6390: 6385: 6347: 6337: 6316: 6298: 6293: 6292: 6282: 6280: 6271: 6270: 6266: 6256: 6254: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6130: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6094: 6083: 6073: 6071: 6054: 6050: 6025: 6021: 6011: 6009: 5992: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5909: 5907: 5906:. February 2000 5898: 5897: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5810: 5808: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5785: 5783: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5755: 5751: 5741: 5739: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5689:Wayback Machine 5680: 5676: 5671:Wayback Machine 5662: 5658: 5648: 5646: 5629: 5625: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5592: 5588: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5482: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5455:The Independent 5448: 5447: 5440: 5430: 5428: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5409:Wayback Machine 5400: 5396: 5378:Wayback Machine 5365: 5361: 5351: 5349: 5329: 5325: 5320:Wayback Machine 5311: 5307: 5298: 5294: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5250: 5246: 5241:Wayback Machine 5227: 5223: 5218:Wayback Machine 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5158: 5157: 5150: 5142: 5131: 5125: 5121: 5111: 5109: 5100: 5099: 5090: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5044: 5042: 5025: 5021: 5012: 5008: 4999: 4995: 4985: 4983: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4946:. 2 June 2000. 4936: 4935: 4931: 4922: 4915: 4894: 4890: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4796: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4746: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4616: 4614: 4602: 4598: 4588: 4586: 4574: 4570: 4560: 4558: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4460: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4402: 4401: 4394: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4341: 4337: 4327: 4325: 4317:The Independent 4310: 4309: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4177: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4146: 4145: 4138: 4133:Wayback Machine 4123: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4079: 4077: 4066:"Habeas corpus" 4064: 4063: 4059: 4054:Wayback Machine 4037: 4033: 4020:Wayback Machine 4006: 3999: 3989:Wayback Machine 3979: 3972: 3953: 3949: 3933: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3909: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3833: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3768: 3761: 3744: 3743: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3657:The Independent 3651: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3619: 3615: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3573:The Independent 3567: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3543:The Independent 3537: 3536: 3532: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3488: 3487: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3461:The Independent 3455: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3407: 3405: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3369:. 1 July 2000. 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3331: 3330: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3301: 3297: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3205:Washington Post 3197: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3168: 3167: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3074: 3067: 3050: 3049: 3040: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3010:Washington Post 3002: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2973: 2972: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2938: 2931: 2917: 2906: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2873: 2865: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2820: 2816: 2807:Bakaev, Hasan. 2805: 2801: 2791: 2789: 2780: 2779: 2775: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2464: 2463: 2454: 2444: 2442: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2399: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2344: 2335: 2310: 2308: 2288: 2249:16 January 2000 2237: 2203: 2201: 2170: 2162: 2145: 2119:suicide bombers 2056: 2041:Gennady Shpigun 1976: 1974:Interwar period 1944: 1937: 1883: 1878: 1819:Osama bin Laden 1783: 1728: 1722: 1671: 1665: 1653:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 1613: 1607: 1522:, including in 1496: 1488:Main articles: 1486: 1440:Sulim Yamadayev 1389:Aslan Maskhadov 1378: 1335: 1329: 1275:within Russia. 1226: 1221: 1215: 1199: 1069: 1039: 1035: 1024: 755: 748: 705: 685:Checheno-Ingush 684: 677: 651: 625: 607:31 October 2007 604: 593:6 February 2000 590: 577: 563: 549: 547: 536:1 November 1991 533: 520: 477: 469:Aslan Maskhadov 465: 453: 423: 412: 409: 401:Aslan Maskhadov 397: 373:Aslan Maskhadov 369: 358: 355: 343: 312: 292: 284: 279: 268: 240: 238: 234: 231: 226: 223: 221: 219: 218: 217: 206: 173: 160: 152: 149:Ӏожалла я маршо 138: 129: 122: 115: 101: 100: 99: 94: 86: 85: 80: 61: 60: 59: 53: 52: 43: 32: 31: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13114: 13104: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13012: 13007: 13001: 12999: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12991: 12985: 12983: 12979: 12978: 12976: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12963:Crimean Tatars 12960: 12955: 12950: 12944: 12942: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12902:South Moluccas 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12857:East Turkestan 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12833: 12831: 12827: 12826: 12819: 12817: 12815: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12743: 12741: 12737: 12736: 12728: 12727: 12720: 12713: 12705: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12692: 12691: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12614: 12612: 12608: 12607: 12605: 12604: 12599: 12598: 12597: 12596: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12575: 12570: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12550:Prague Process 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12521: 12519: 12515: 12514: 12512: 12511: 12510: 12509: 12490: 12489: 12488: 12487: 12485:Shamil Basayev 12468: 12467: 12466: 12465: 12463:Rustam Muradov 12460: 12455: 12429: 12428: 12427: 12426: 12424:Hikmat Hasanov 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12404:Surat Huseynov 12401: 12396: 12377: 12376: 12375: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12347:Samvel Babayan 12330: 12329: 12328: 12327: 12325:Seyran Ohanyan 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12283: 12281: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12273: 12272: 12271: 12266: 12247: 12246: 12245: 12244: 12242:Vladimir Putin 12239: 12234: 12208: 12207: 12206: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12193:Bayram Safarov 12185: 12184: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12097: 12096: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12087:Serzh Sargsyan 12084: 12079: 12060: 12058: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12050: 12049: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12037: 12036: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12001: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11953: 11951: 11950:Main locations 11947: 11946: 11944: 11943: 11942: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11895: 11894: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11868: 11866: 11862: 11861: 11859: 11858: 11857: 11856: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11801:Bombardments ( 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11768: 11766: 11759: 11758: 11756: 11755: 11754: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11733: 11730: 11725: 11724: 11723: 11715: 11710: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11679: 11676: 11670: 11668: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11604: 11601: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11536:Battle of Togh 11534: 11531: 11529:Operation Ring 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11486:Sumgait pogrom 11483: 11478: 11476:Çardaqlı clash 11472: 11470: 11463: 11462: 11460: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11443: 11442: 11432: 11431: 11430: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11404: 11403: 11392: 11390: 11386: 11385: 11378: 11377: 11370: 11363: 11355: 11346: 11345: 11342: 11341: 11339: 11338: 11324: 11310: 11296: 11282: 11268: 11266:Ibn al-Khattab 11254: 11240: 11226: 11212: 11198: 11196:Said Buryatsky 11184: 11172: 11158: 11156:Movladi Udugov 11153: 11139: 11125: 11111: 11099: 11094: 11080: 11066: 11051: 11049: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11015: 11013: 11006: 11002: 11001: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10994: 10980: 10966: 10952: 10938: 10936:Movsar Barayev 10924: 10922:Ilyas Akhmadov 10919: 10905: 10891: 10889:Akhmed Zakayev 10886: 10884:Salman Raduyev 10872: 10858: 10856:Shamil Basayev 10844: 10842:Ruslan Gelayev 10830: 10816: 10802: 10788: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10763: 10758: 10757: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10721: 10715: 10713: 10706: 10702: 10701: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10694: 10693: 10692: 10678: 10664: 10650: 10648:Ramzan Kadyrov 10645: 10640: 10638:Akhmad Kadyrov 10621: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10602:Vladimir Putin 10599: 10594: 10583: 10581: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10573: 10572: 10571: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10545: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10524: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10506: 10504: 10497: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10482: 10475: 10468: 10461: 10454: 10447: 10440: 10433: 10427: 10425: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10396: 10395: 10390: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10370:Assassinations 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10331: 10329: 10328:Related topics 10325: 10324: 10322: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10260: 10259: 10245: 10239: 10237: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10126: 10124: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10070: 10068: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10060: 10054: 10048: 10042: 10036: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10018: 10017: 10010: 10003: 9995: 9986: 9985: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9971: 9969:Akhmed Zakayev 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9944: 9938: 9936: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9914:Ramzan Kadyrov 9911: 9906: 9903:Sergey Abramov 9899: 9897:Akhmad Kadyrov 9894: 9889: 9881: 9879: 9863: 9862: 9855: 9854: 9847: 9840: 9832: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9819: 9813: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9803: 9791: 9785: 9783: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9769: 9767: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9738: 9736: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9722: 9720: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9696: 9694: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9686: 9680: 9678: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9670: 9664: 9662: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9583: 9581: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9567: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9531: 9529: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9470: 9468: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9460: 9454: 9452: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9444: 9438: 9436: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9428: 9422: 9420: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9396: 9394: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9355: 9350: 9344: 9342: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9293: 9291: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9262: 9260: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9199:East Turkestan 9196: 9191: 9187: 9185: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9130: 9128: 9124: 9123: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9098: 9097: 9090: 9083: 9075: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9062: 9056: 9054: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9034:Northern Irish 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9010: 9008: 9007:United Kingdom 9004: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8984: 8982: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8938: 8932: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8861: 8859: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8851: 8846: 8840: 8838: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8759: 8757: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8749: 8744: 8738: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8712: 8710: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8702: 8696: 8694: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8686: 8680: 8678: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8670: 8665: 8659: 8657: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8649: 8643: 8641: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8633: 8627: 8625: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8610:South Tyrolean 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8576: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8544: 8542: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8513: 8511: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8472: 8470: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8462: 8457: 8451: 8449: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8441: 8436: 8430: 8428: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8420: 8415: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8399: 8393: 8391: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8383: 8377: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8365: 8360: 8354: 8352: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8323: 8321: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8313: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8300: 8277: 8276: 8269: 8262: 8254: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8183: 8177: 8175: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8060:Karakalpakstan 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8040:East Turkestan 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7951: 7949: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7604: 7602: 7596: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7567: 7565: 7561: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7522: 7520: 7516: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7341: 7339: 7338:United Kingdom 7335: 7334: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7288:Western Europe 7285: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7272: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7230: 7228: 7227:North Caucasus 7224: 7223: 7221: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7192:Eastern Europe 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7122: 7120: 7119:Central Europe 7116: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7100:Romani (Gypsy) 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7032: 7030: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6990: 6988: 6987:South Caucasus 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6956:South Mongolia 6948: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6880: 6879: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6817: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6749: 6744: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6650: 6648: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6537: 6533: 6532: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6441: 6440: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6414: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6384: 6383: 6376: 6369: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6346: 6345:External links 6343: 6342: 6341: 6335: 6320: 6314: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6290: 6264: 6238: 6213: 6202:. 12 July 2016 6187: 6166: 6140: 6115: 6108: 6081: 6048: 6019: 5986: 5960: 5958:, 26 July 2007 5942: 5917: 5891: 5866: 5855:. 5 March 2000 5840: 5818: 5793: 5767: 5749: 5724: 5692: 5674: 5656: 5623: 5599: 5586: 5573: 5541: 5509: 5473: 5438: 5412: 5394: 5359: 5323: 5305: 5292: 5277: 5270: 5244: 5221: 5202: 5176: 5148: 5119: 5088: 5070: 5052: 5019: 5006: 4993: 4961: 4929: 4913: 4888: 4881:Archived from 4870: 4845: 4817: 4787: 4761: 4740: 4714: 4709:news.yahoo.com 4696: 4682: 4652: 4641:. 6 March 2022 4624: 4596: 4568: 4542: 4530: 4504: 4478: 4466: 4451: 4439: 4427: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4335: 4303: 4271: 4236: 4204: 4171: 4136: 4117: 4087: 4057: 4031: 3997: 3970: 3947: 3919: 3889: 3858: 3824: 3793: 3759: 3734: 3704: 3674: 3644: 3613: 3590: 3560: 3530: 3511: 3478: 3448: 3415: 3384: 3354: 3321: 3295: 3284: 3253: 3222: 3191: 3158: 3124: 3117: 3099: 3065: 3038: 3027: 2996: 2975:"Первая война" 2963: 2929: 2904: 2893: 2882: 2871: 2840: 2814: 2799: 2773: 2768:news.yahoo.com 2755: 2748: 2728: 2721: 2701: 2671: 2641: 2611: 2593: 2563: 2556: 2538: 2531: 2513: 2483: 2470:Caucasus Watch 2452: 2422: 2405:Waynakh Online 2388: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2319: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2161: 2158: 2144: 2141: 2055: 2052: 2030:Ilyas Akhmadov 2022:Movladi Udugov 1996:of criminals. 1975: 1972: 1960:hospital. The 1953:Shamil Basayev 1920:flame-throwers 1903:terror bombing 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1870:Verkhovna Rada 1782: 1779: 1724:Main article: 1721: 1718: 1667:Main article: 1664: 1661: 1636:Akhmed Zakayev 1606: 1603: 1575:Akhmed Zakayev 1557:reported that 1547:Akhmad Kadyrov 1528:United Kingdom 1485: 1482: 1420:United Kingdom 1377: 1374: 1331:Main article: 1328: 1325: 1273:union republic 1260:Supreme Soviet 1225: 1222: 1214: 1211: 1198: 1195: 1191:Verkhovna Rada 1026: 1025: 1023: 1022: 1015: 1008: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 992: 989: 983: 982: 979: 973: 972: 969: 963: 962: 959: 953: 952: 949: 943: 942: 939: 933: 932: 929: 923: 922: 919: 913: 912: 909: 903: 902: 899: 889: 888: 884: 883: 882: 881: 879:Russian Empire 876: 871: 863: 862: 858: 857: 856: 855: 850: 842: 841: 835: 834: 833: 832: 827: 822: 814: 813: 807: 806: 805: 804: 799: 794: 789: 787:Maykop culture 784: 776: 775: 769: 768: 760: 759: 750: 749: 742: 735: 734: 733: 732: 722: 718: 717: 714: 713: 710: 709: 702: 693: 690: 689: 681: 669: 668: 663: 653: 652: 650: 649: 642: 636: 634: 630: 629: 626: 623: 620: 619: 613: 612: 609: 608: 605: 598: 595: 594: 591: 588:Fall of Grozny 585: 582: 581: 580:26 August 1999 578: 571: 568: 567: 564: 557: 554: 553: 550: 541: 538: 537: 534: 528: 525: 524: 521: 515: 512: 511: 508: 507: 502: 501:Historical era 498: 497: 492: 488: 487: 484: 483: 481:Akhmed Zakayev 478: 475: 472: 471: 466: 463: 460: 459: 454: 451: 448: 447: 444: 443: 440: 438:Prime Minister 434: 433: 430: 429: 424: 421: 418: 417: 410: 407: 404: 403: 398: 395: 392: 391: 388: 387: 384: 380: 379: 376: 375: 370: 367: 364: 363: 356: 353: 350: 349: 344: 341: 338: 337: 334: 333: 330: 324: 323: 300: 294: 293: 291: 290: 276: 274: 270: 269: 267: 266: 261: 255: 253: 249: 248: 212: 208: 207: 205: 204: 203:(2000–present) 198: 188: 181: 179: 175: 174: 171: 163: 162: 140: 139: 136: 103: 102: 95: 88: 87: 81: 74: 73: 72: 69: 68: 62:2000–present: 55: 54: 51: 50: 34: 33: 30: 29: 25: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13113: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13026: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13002: 13000: 12996: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982:North America 12980: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12945: 12943: 12939: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12828: 12823: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12757:Bellah people 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12738: 12734: 12726: 12721: 12719: 12714: 12712: 12707: 12706: 12703: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12670: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12609: 12603: 12600: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12580: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12522: 12520: 12518:Peace process 12516: 12508: 12505: 12504: 12503: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12483: 12482: 12481: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12458:Pavel Grachev 12456: 12454: 12444: 12443: 12442: 12431: 12430: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12399:Rahim Gaziyev 12397: 12395: 12392: 12391: 12390: 12379: 12378: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12344: 12343: 12332: 12331: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12297: 12296: 12285: 12284: 12282: 12278: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12261: 12260: 12249: 12248: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12237:Boris Yeltsin 12235: 12233: 12223: 12222: 12221: 12210: 12209: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12190: 12189: 12186: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12176:Heydar Aliyev 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12163: 12162: 12151: 12150: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12134:Bako Sahakyan 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12111: 12110: 12099: 12098: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12074: 12073: 12062: 12061: 12059: 12055: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12035: 12032: 12031: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12005: 12002: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11959: 11958: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11948: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11926: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11888: 11887:Border crisis 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11863: 11855: 11852: 11851: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11760: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11722: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11665: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11605: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11519:Bağanis Ayrum 11517: 11515: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11491:Gugark pogrom 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11481:Askeran clash 11479: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11464: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11441: 11438: 11437: 11436: 11433: 11429: 11426: 11425: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11376: 11371: 11369: 11364: 11362: 11357: 11356: 11353: 11337: 11333: 11331: 11325: 11323: 11319: 11317: 11311: 11309: 11305: 11303: 11297: 11295: 11291: 11289: 11283: 11281: 11277: 11275: 11269: 11267: 11263: 11261: 11255: 11253: 11249: 11247: 11241: 11239: 11235: 11233: 11227: 11225: 11221: 11219: 11213: 11211: 11207: 11205: 11199: 11197: 11193: 11191: 11185: 11183: 11179: 11173: 11171: 11167: 11165: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11148: 11146: 11140: 11138: 11134: 11132: 11126: 11124: 11120: 11118: 11112: 11110: 11106: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11089: 11087: 11081: 11079: 11075: 11073: 11067: 11065: 11061: 11059: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11046: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11016: 11014: 11010: 11007: 11003: 10993: 10989: 10987: 10981: 10979: 10975: 10973: 10967: 10965: 10961: 10959: 10953: 10951: 10950:Muslim Atayev 10947: 10945: 10939: 10937: 10933: 10931: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10917:Vakha Arsanov 10914: 10912: 10906: 10904: 10900: 10898: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10881: 10879: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10865: 10859: 10857: 10853: 10851: 10845: 10843: 10839: 10837: 10831: 10829: 10825: 10823: 10817: 10815: 10811: 10809: 10803: 10801: 10797: 10795: 10789: 10787: 10783: 10781: 10775: 10774: 10772: 10768: 10762: 10759: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10726: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10710: 10707: 10703: 10691: 10687: 10685: 10679: 10677: 10673: 10671: 10665: 10663: 10659: 10657: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10635: 10633: 10627: 10626: 10625: 10622: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10612:Pavel Grachev 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10592:Boris Yeltsin 10590: 10589: 10588: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10578: 10570: 10567: 10566: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10525: 10521: 10520:Ground Forces 10518: 10516: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10501: 10498: 10494: 10488: 10487: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10476: 10474: 10473: 10469: 10467: 10466: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10455: 10453: 10452: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10441: 10439: 10438: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10428: 10426: 10422: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10410:Kavkaz Center 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10332: 10330: 10326: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10258: 10256: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10236:Major attacks 10234: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10121: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10099:Shatoy ambush 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10065: 10058: 10055: 10052: 10049: 10046: 10043: 10040: 10037: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10027: 10023: 10016: 10011: 10009: 10004: 10002: 9997: 9996: 9993: 9982: 9976: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9937: 9933: 9921: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9904: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9892:Doku Zavgayev 9890: 9888: 9887: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9876: 9864: 9860: 9853: 9848: 9846: 9841: 9839: 9834: 9833: 9830: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9808: 9800: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9764: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9747:Eastern Greek 9745: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9733: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9717: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9697: 9695: 9691: 9685: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9675: 9669: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9659: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9612:Crimean Tatar 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9562: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9465: 9459: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9449: 9443: 9440: 9439: 9437: 9433: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9417: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9360: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9339: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9288: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9155: 9151: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9096: 9091: 9089: 9084: 9082: 9077: 9076: 9073: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9051: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9005: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8962:Eastern Greek 8960: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8927: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8856: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8841: 8839: 8835: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8788:Crimean Tatar 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8754: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8691: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8654: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8638: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8622: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8574:Cham Albanian 8572: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8508: 8502: 8501:North Catalan 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8418:Greek Cypriot 8416: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8404: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8388: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8370: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8318: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8302: 8297: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8275: 8270: 8268: 8263: 8261: 8256: 8255: 8252: 8238: 8237: 8233: 8232:ethnic groups 8229: 8224: 8223: 8220: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8181:Local (China) 8179: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8045:Herzeg-Bosnia 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7946: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7770: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7388: 7385: 7381: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7336: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7286: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7197: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7117: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6885: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6826: 6825:in Bangladesh 6823: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808:Southern Asia 6806: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6727: 6724: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605:South America 6603: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543:North America 6541: 6538: 6534: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6393: 6389: 6382: 6377: 6375: 6370: 6368: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6338: 6336:9781782002772 6332: 6328: 6327: 6321: 6317: 6315:9781472833440 6311: 6307: 6306: 6300: 6299: 6278: 6274: 6268: 6252: 6248: 6242: 6227: 6223: 6217: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6176: 6170: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6129: 6125: 6119: 6111: 6109:9781850439790 6105: 6101: 6100: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6069: 6065: 6064: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6023: 6007: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5990: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5905: 5901: 5895: 5880: 5876: 5870: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5807: 5803: 5797: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5665: 5660: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5603: 5596: 5590: 5583: 5577: 5561: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5529: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5513: 5497: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5480: 5478: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5426: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5398: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5368: 5363: 5347: 5343: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5309: 5302: 5296: 5289: 5286: 5281: 5273: 5271:0-8027-1404-8 5267: 5263: 5258: 5257: 5248: 5242: 5238: 5235:, 5 May 1995 5234: 5230: 5225: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5191:. 1 June 1995 5190: 5186: 5180: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5123: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5066: 5065:english.nv.ua 5062: 5056: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5010: 5003: 4997: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4933: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4892: 4884: 4880: 4874: 4859: 4855: 4849: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4821: 4805: 4801: 4794: 4792: 4775: 4771: 4765: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4744: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4692: 4686: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4600: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4572: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4540:, p. 55. 4539: 4538:Galeotti 2019 4534: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4476:, p. 74. 4475: 4474:Galeotti 2014 4470: 4464:, p. 79. 4463: 4462:Galeotti 2014 4458: 4456: 4448: 4447:Galeotti 2014 4443: 4436: 4435:Galeotti 2014 4431: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4399: 4397: 4389: 4388:Galeotti 2014 4384: 4377: 4376:Galeotti 2014 4372: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4339: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4285:The Economist 4281: 4275: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4208: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4175: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4143: 4141: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4121: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4075: 4071: 4070:The Economist 4067: 4061: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4008:Alex Goldfarb 4004: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3977: 3975: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3943: 3937: 3929: 3923: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3829: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3766: 3764: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3739: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3594: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3483: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3433: 3426: 3419: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3337:The Telegraph 3334: 3328: 3326: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3288: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3195: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3163: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3129: 3120: 3118:9781498539319 3114: 3110: 3103: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3070: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3036: 3031: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3000: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2968: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2934: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2875: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2829: 2825: 2818: 2810: 2803: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2769: 2765: 2759: 2751: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2732: 2724: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2705: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2629: 2625: 2624:The Economist 2621: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2559: 2557:9781498539319 2553: 2549: 2542: 2534: 2532:9781843313618 2528: 2524: 2517: 2501: 2497: 2496:The Economist 2493: 2487: 2472:. 30 May 2022 2471: 2467: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2389: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2334: 2328: 2325:. President 2324: 2320: 2318: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2213:13 March 1992 2212: 2210: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2165: 2157: 2155: 2150: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1947: 1942: 1932: 1930: 1929:Khassan Baiev 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1765:—the Chechen 1764: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1675: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1626: 1625:War in Donbas 1622: 1618: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1593:included the 1592: 1588: 1587:war in Donbas 1582: 1580: 1579:Mark Galeotti 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1474:Vakha Arsanov 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412:refugee camps 1408: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1373: 1371: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1334: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1285: 1284:Boris Yeltsin 1281: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1220: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1104: 1095: 1090: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1063: 1033: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1002: 1001: 999: 998: 990: 988: 985: 984: 980: 978: 975: 974: 970: 968: 965: 964: 960: 958: 957:Grozny Oblast 955: 954: 950: 948: 945: 944: 940: 938: 935: 934: 930: 928: 925: 924: 920: 918: 915: 914: 910: 908: 905: 904: 900: 898: 895: 894: 891: 890: 886: 885: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 866: 865: 864: 860: 859: 854: 851: 849: 846: 845: 844: 843: 840: 837: 836: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 816: 815: 812: 809: 808: 803: 802:Koban culture 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 779: 778: 777: 774: 771: 770: 766: 762: 761: 758: 752: 751: 746: 741: 740: 731: 728: 727: 726: 723: 721:Today part of 719: 703: 701: 698: 697: 694: 688: 682: 675: 674: 671: 670: 667: 664: 662: 659: 658: 654: 648: 647: 646:Chechen naxar 643: 641: 640:Russian ruble 638: 637: 635: 631: 627: 621: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 596: 592: 589: 583: 579: 575: 569: 565: 561: 555: 551: 548:Russia began 545: 539: 535: 532: 526: 522: 519: 513: 509: 506: 503: 499: 496: 493: 489: 485: 482: 479: 473: 470: 467: 461: 458: 455: 449: 445: 441: 439: 435: 431: 428: 425: 419: 415: 411: 405: 402: 399: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 374: 371: 365: 361: 357: 351: 348: 345: 339: 335: 331: 329: 325: 321: 318: 315: 310: 307: 304: 301: 299: 295: 287: 282: 278: 277: 275: 271: 265: 262: 260: 257: 256: 254: 250: 245: 216: 213: 209: 202: 199: 196: 195:de facto 192: 189: 186: 183: 182: 180: 176: 169: 164: 158: 157: 145: 141: 133: 119: 108: 104: 98: 92: 84: 78: 70: 65: 56: 47: 40: 36: 35: 27: 26: 22: 19: 13010:West Papuans 12479: 12181:Ilham Aliyev 11329: 11322:Abdulla Kurd 11315: 11301: 11287: 11280:Abu al-Walid 11273: 11259: 11245: 11231: 11217: 11203: 11189: 11163: 11144: 11130: 11116: 11092:Dokka Umarov 11085: 11071: 11057: 10985: 10971: 10957: 10943: 10929: 10910: 10896: 10877: 10870:Arbi Barayev 10863: 10849: 10835: 10821: 10807: 10793: 10779: 10718: 10683: 10669: 10655: 10643:Alu Alkhanov 10631: 10515:Armed Forces 10485: 10477: 10470: 10464: 10456: 10449: 10443: 10435: 10405:Chechenpress 10254: 9980: 9964:Dokka Umarov 9946: 9931: 9909:Alu Alkhanov 9901: 9884: 9878:(since 1993) 9817:South Yemeni 9661:Saudi Arabia 9596: 9535:Balawaristan 9224:Shanghainese 8772: 8668:Transnistria 8227: 8226: 8155:Székely Land 8120:Pashtunistan 8004: 7970:Balawaristan 7743:South Slavic 7733:Scandinavian 7263:Volga Region 6877:in Sri Lanka 6735:Eastern Asia 6596:Puerto Rican 6411:North Africa 6395:Nationalisms 6325: 6304: 6281:. Retrieved 6276: 6267: 6255:. Retrieved 6250: 6241: 6229:. Retrieved 6225: 6216: 6204:. Retrieved 6199: 6190: 6178:. Retrieved 6169: 6157:. Retrieved 6153:the original 6143: 6131:. Retrieved 6127: 6118: 6098: 6072:. Retrieved 6061: 6051: 6044:resettlement 6042: 6032: 6022: 6010:. Retrieved 5999: 5989: 5977:. Retrieved 5973:The Guardian 5972: 5963: 5953: 5945: 5933:. Retrieved 5929: 5920: 5908:. Retrieved 5903: 5894: 5882:. Retrieved 5878: 5869: 5857:. Retrieved 5853:The Guardian 5852: 5843: 5835:the original 5830: 5821: 5809:. Retrieved 5805: 5796: 5784:. Retrieved 5780:The Guardian 5779: 5770: 5760: 5752: 5740:. Retrieved 5736: 5727: 5715:. Retrieved 5704: 5695: 5677: 5659: 5647:. Retrieved 5636: 5626: 5611: 5602: 5594: 5589: 5581: 5576: 5564:. Retrieved 5553: 5544: 5532:. Retrieved 5521: 5512: 5500:. Retrieved 5489: 5464:. Retrieved 5453: 5429:. Retrieved 5415: 5397: 5362: 5350:. Retrieved 5339: 5332:Dixon, Robyn 5326: 5308: 5300: 5295: 5280: 5255: 5247: 5224: 5205: 5193:. Retrieved 5188: 5179: 5167:. Retrieved 5163: 5140:the original 5135: 5122: 5110:. Retrieved 5105: 5082: 5073: 5064: 5055: 5043:. Retrieved 5032: 5022: 5014: 5009: 5001: 4996: 4984:. Retrieved 4973: 4964: 4952:. Retrieved 4941: 4932: 4924: 4908:the original 4901: 4891: 4883:the original 4873: 4861:. Retrieved 4857: 4848: 4836:. Retrieved 4829: 4820: 4808:. Retrieved 4804:the original 4778:. Retrieved 4776:(in Russian) 4773: 4764: 4753: 4743: 4731:. Retrieved 4726: 4717: 4708: 4699: 4685: 4675:25 September 4673:. Retrieved 4664: 4655: 4643:. Retrieved 4636: 4627: 4615:. Retrieved 4609: 4599: 4587:. Retrieved 4581: 4571: 4559:. Retrieved 4554: 4545: 4533: 4521:. Retrieved 4516: 4507: 4495:. Retrieved 4490: 4481: 4469: 4442: 4430: 4418:. Retrieved 4407: 4383: 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4350:The Guardian 4348: 4338: 4326:. Retrieved 4315: 4306: 4294:. Retrieved 4283: 4274: 4262:. Retrieved 4251: 4227:. Retrieved 4216: 4207: 4195:. Retrieved 4184: 4174: 4162:. Retrieved 4151: 4120: 4108:. Retrieved 4099: 4090: 4078:. Retrieved 4069: 4060: 4043: 4034: 3960: 3950: 3922: 3910:. Retrieved 3901: 3892: 3880:. Retrieved 3871: 3861: 3849:. Retrieved 3840: 3815:. Retrieved 3806: 3796: 3784:. Retrieved 3775: 3749: 3725:. Retrieved 3716: 3707: 3695:. Retrieved 3686: 3677: 3665:. Retrieved 3656: 3647: 3635:. Retrieved 3627:The Guardian 3626: 3616: 3603: 3593: 3581:. Retrieved 3572: 3563: 3551:. Retrieved 3542: 3533: 3525:the original 3514: 3502:. Retrieved 3493: 3469:. Retrieved 3460: 3451: 3439:. Retrieved 3418: 3406:. Retrieved 3397: 3387: 3375:. Retrieved 3366: 3357: 3345:. Retrieved 3336: 3312:. Retrieved 3308: 3298: 3287: 3275:. Retrieved 3267:The Guardian 3266: 3256: 3244:. Retrieved 3236:The Guardian 3235: 3225: 3213:. Retrieved 3204: 3194: 3182:. Retrieved 3173: 3149:. Retrieved 3140: 3108: 3102: 3090:. Retrieved 3082:The Guardian 3081: 3056:The Guardian 3055: 3030: 3018:. Retrieved 3009: 2999: 2987:. Retrieved 2978: 2954:. Retrieved 2950:the original 2945: 2922: 2918: 2896: 2885: 2874: 2831:. Retrieved 2828:elib.shpl.ru 2827: 2817: 2802: 2790:. Retrieved 2785: 2776: 2767: 2758: 2738: 2731: 2711: 2704: 2692:. Retrieved 2683: 2674: 2662:. Retrieved 2653: 2644: 2632:. Retrieved 2623: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2584:. Retrieved 2575: 2566: 2547: 2541: 2522: 2516: 2504:. Retrieved 2495: 2486: 2474:. Retrieved 2469: 2443:. Retrieved 2439:the original 2434: 2425: 2413:. Retrieved 2404: 2372: 2219: 2163: 2146: 2116: 2084:ethnic group 2057: 2045: 2034: 2000: 1998: 1982: 1977: 1967: 1949: 1934: 1891:Human Rights 1884: 1876:Human rights 1863: 1859:Saudi Arabia 1847: 1803: 1784: 1759: 1743:Dokka Umarov 1736: 1729: 1687: 1680: 1629: 1614: 1583: 1559:Dokka Umarov 1555:Chechenpress 1552: 1513: 1497: 1471: 1455:oil pipeline 1452: 1432: 1424: 1404: 1397: 1386: 1379: 1366: 1355: 1348: 1344: 1336: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1308: 1303:constitution 1300: 1296:The Guardian 1295: 1291: 1289: 1277: 1249: 1242: 1238:Soviet Union 1227: 1204: 1200: 1168: 1153: 1147: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1031: 1029: 991:2000–present 976: 861:Early modern 666:Succeeded by 665: 660: 644: 624:• Total 531:Independence 427:Dokka Umarov 197:; 1991–2000) 194: 143: 107:Motto: 106: 97:Coat of arms 18: 12847:Balochistan 12752:Barotseland 12525:Baker rules 12502:Afghanistan 12264:Turgut Özal 11962:Stepanakert 11819:Stepanakert 11514:Baku pogrom 11469:(1988–1994) 10705:Separatists 10569:Kadyrovites 10496:Federalists 10360:Mass graves 10059:(2009–2017) 10053:(2007–2015) 10047:(1999–2009) 10035:(1994–1996) 9935:(1991–2007) 9797: [ 9564:Philippines 9353:West Papuan 9127:Afghanistan 9102:Regionalism 8677:Netherlands 8434:Greenlandic 8374:Herzegovina 8296:nationalism 8285:regionalism 8160:Tamil Eelam 8140:Saraikistan 8020:Hatay State 7975:Balochistan 7929:Wallmapuwen 7623:Bangladeshi 7095:Montenegrin 6999:Azerbaijani 6963:Pan-Turkism 6704:Palestinian 6647:Middle East 6555:Greenlandic 6459:East Africa 6296:Works cited 6206:6 September 6180:6 September 5597:. Page 143. 5388:and one of 5382:Doku Umarov 5344:. Nalchik. 4858:www.hrw.org 4523:16 November 4497:17 February 3980:Leon Aron. 3727:10 December 3667:10 December 3583:10 December 3553:10 December 3504:10 December 3471:10 December 3441:10 December 3408:10 December 3377:10 December 3347:10 December 3184:10 December 3020:10 December 2989:11 December 2979:Коммерсантъ 2956:10 December 2833:28 November 2286:Other notes 2245:Afghanistan 2190:established 2010:blood money 1979:Kidnappings 1955:captured a 1864:During the 1536:Afghanistan 1459:Caspian Sea 1234:sovereignty 754:History of 661:Preceded by 603:proclaimed 566:12 May 1997 491:Legislature 322:(1997–2000) 311:(1991–1997) 288:(1996–2000) 286:Sunni Islam 283:(1991–1996) 239: / 13025:Categories 12882:Khuzestani 12877:Khmer Krom 12797:Somaliland 12747:Afrikaners 12389:Azerbaijan 12161:Azerbaijan 11849:War crimes 11777:Casualties 11763:Second war 11389:Background 11109:Ali Taziev 11024:Mujahideen 11012:Combatants 11005:Mujahideen 10712:Combatants 10503:Combatants 10486:The Search 10375:Casualties 9794:Montagnard 9773:Karakalpak 9766:Uzbekistan 9607:Circassian 9571:Bangsamoro 9435:Kazakhstan 9410:Turkmeneli 9153:Azerbaijan 9106:separatism 8865:Andalusian 8783:Circassian 8624:Kazakhstan 8372:Bosnia and 8320:Azerbaijan 8289:separatism 8206:Indigenous 8150:Sindhudesh 8130:Santa Cruz 8050:Hutu Power 7980:Bangsamoro 7571:Australian 7546:Lithuanian 7461:Andalusian 7239:Circassian 7203:Belarusian 7151:in Austria 7085:Macedonian 7041:in Albania 6930:Vietnamese 6764:Hongkonger 6757:chauvinist 6438:Pharaonism 6283:6 November 6257:6 November 6231:18 October 6159:19 October 6133:19 October 6012:9 December 5717:9 December 5649:9 December 5566:9 December 5534:9 December 5502:9 December 5466:9 December 5431:6 February 5352:9 December 5045:9 December 4986:9 December 4954:9 December 4810:9 December 4755:Al-Monitor 4733:18 October 4638:Al-Monitor 4583:Vice Media 4420:9 December 4361:9 December 4328:9 December 4296:9 December 4264:9 December 4229:9 December 4197:9 December 4164:9 December 4110:9 December 4080:9 December 3912:9 December 3882:9 December 3851:9 December 3817:9 December 3786:9 December 3697:9 December 3637:9 December 3277:9 December 3246:9 December 3215:9 December 3151:9 December 3092:9 December 2869:// IGPI.RU 2792:18 October 2694:9 December 2664:9 December 2634:9 December 2586:9 December 2506:9 December 2476:18 October 2435:zhaina.com 2384:References 2143:Minorities 2104:war crimes 2092:Katyr-Yurt 2064:war crimes 1808:under the 1730:Since the 1609:See also: 1534:regime in 1435:guerrillas 1264:revolution 825:Cimmerians 773:Prehistory 574:Second war 495:Parliament 298:Government 227:45°41′55″E 224:43°18′45″N 12958:Catalonia 11751:Reactions 11741:Incidents 11467:First war 10465:Alexandra 10257:hijacking 9677:Sri Lanka 9341:Indonesia 9312:Khalistan 9276:Javakheti 9266:Abkhazian 9229:Taiwanese 9204:Hong Kong 9194:Cantonese 8920:Valencian 8915:Navarrese 8890:Castilian 8870:Aragonese 8844:Vojvodina 8716:Kashubian 8600:Sardinian 8527:Javakheti 8517:Abkhazian 8298:in Europe 8293:stateless 8281:Movements 8110:Occitania 8095:Manchukuo 8085:Lezgistan 8080:Kurdistan 8025:Hazarajat 8010:Circassia 7772:Movements 7723:Pakistani 7698:Mongolian 7638:Congolese 7551:Norwegian 7541:Icelandic 7506:Valencian 7501:Navarrese 7486:Castilian 7466:Aragonese 7430:Sardinian 7213:Ukrainian 7183:Slovenian 7163:Hungarian 7078:in Cyprus 7058:Aromanian 7046:in Kosovo 6951:Mongolian 6867:Sinhalese 6837:Dravidian 6794:Taiwanese 6742:Cantonese 6719:in Cyprus 6689:Jordanian 6612:Argentine 6584:Caribbean 6575:Québécois 6523:Afrikaner 6128:Rustavi 2 5390:Yamadayev 5288:Gazeta.Ru 4665:Jamestown 4517:Jamestown 3314:5 October 2265:Maskhadov 2108:zachistka 2035:In 1998, 1941:mercenary 1916:zachistka 1747:Noxçiyc̈ó 1657:Holodomor 1627:in 2014. 1382:Red Cross 1338:bus near 1327:First war 1201:The name 1197:Etymology 1103:romanized 981:1991–2000 971:1957–1991 961:1944–1957 951:1936–1944 941:1934–1936 931:1922–1934 921:1920–1922 911:1919–1920 901:1917–1921 544:First war 328:President 273:Religion 58:1991–2000 12953:Brittany 12948:Abkhazia 12812:Zambesia 11899:Susuzluq 11772:Timeline 11308:Muhannad 10624:Chechnya 9742:Assyrian 9719:Thailand 9700:Assyrian 9647:Siberian 9637:Ossetian 9622:Karelian 9545:Kashmiri 9528:Pakistan 9509:Rohingya 9451:Malaysia 9400:Assyrian 9369:Assyrian 9317:Manipuri 9307:Kashmiri 9297:Assamese 9281:Ossetian 9271:Adjarian 9053:See also 9039:Scottish 8957:Assyrian 8900:Galician 8885:Canarian 8875:Asturian 8823:Siberian 8813:Ossetian 8798:Karelian 8721:Silesian 8663:Gagauzia 8615:Venetian 8605:Sicilian 8595:Padanian 8558:Swabians 8548:Bavarian 8532:Ossetian 8522:Adjarian 8491:Corsican 8476:Alsatian 8070:Katarism 7995:Chameria 7948:Projects 7753:Turanian 7748:Tunisian 7718:Oceanian 7708:Nigerian 7658:Hispanic 7653:Germanic 7643:European 7576:Hawaiian 7526:Estonian 7496:Galician 7481:Canarian 7471:Asturian 7440:Venetian 7435:Sicilian 7425:Padanian 7399:Corsican 7360:Scottish 7254:Ossetian 7173:Silesian 7156:Völkisch 7131:Bavarian 7126:Austrian 7105:Romanian 7090:Moldovan 7068:Croatian 7036:Albanian 7004:Georgian 6994:Armenian 6973:Siberian 6900:Filipino 6815:Assamese 6784:Okinawan 6769:Japanese 6699:Lebanese 6677:Diaspora 6659:Assyrian 6627:Peruvian 6536:Americas 6486:Tigrayan 6433:Egyptian 6251:babel.ua 6074:28 April 6068:Archived 6039:Archived 6006:Archived 5879:BBC News 5711:Archived 5706:BBC News 5685:Archived 5667:Archived 5643:Archived 5618:Archived 5613:BBC News 5560:Archived 5555:BBC News 5528:Archived 5523:BBC News 5496:Archived 5460:Archived 5425:Archived 5405:Archived 5374:Archived 5346:Archived 5316:Archived 5237:Archived 5214:Archived 5136:dtic.mil 5039:Archived 4980:Archived 4975:BBC News 4948:Archived 4780:19 April 4669:Archived 4645:27 March 4561:8 August 4414:Archived 4409:BBC News 4355:Archived 4322:Archived 4290:Archived 4258:Archived 4253:BBC News 4223:Archived 4218:BBC News 4191:Archived 4158:Archived 4153:BBC News 4129:Archived 4104:Archived 4100:BBC News 4074:Archived 4050:Archived 4016:Archived 3985:Archived 3965:Archived 3936:cite web 3906:Archived 3876:Archived 3845:Archived 3811:Archived 3780:Archived 3754:Archived 3721:Archived 3691:Archived 3661:Archived 3631:Archived 3608:Archived 3577:Archived 3547:Archived 3498:Archived 3465:Archived 3432:Archived 3402:Archived 3371:Archived 3341:Archived 3271:Archived 3240:Archived 3209:Archived 3178:Archived 3145:Archived 3086:Archived 3060:Archived 3014:Archived 2983:Archived 2688:Archived 2684:BBC News 2658:Archived 2628:Archived 2580:Archived 2576:BBC News 2500:Archived 2445:10 March 2409:Archived 2342:See also 2132:Spetsnaz 2001:de facto 1957:hospital 1924:grenades 1833:and the 1767:muftiate 1720:Politics 1663:Military 1526:and the 1500:Dagestan 1463:sabotage 1444:Gudermes 1164:in exile 1154:de facto 1131:de facto 1128:, was a 1126:Chechnya 1122:Ichkeria 869:Ichkeria 839:Medieval 820:Durdzuks 756:Chechnya 745:a series 743:Part of 730:Chechnya 700:Chechnya 633:Currency 576:started 309:Republic 12998:Oceania 12968:Lezghin 12892:Nagalim 12887:Madhesh 12842:Assyria 12772:Kabylia 12767:Haratin 12295:Armenia 12072:Armenia 11815:Martuni 11428:Miatsum 11401:History 11330:† 11316:† 11302:† 11288:† 11274:† 11260:† 11246:† 11232:† 11218:† 11204:† 11190:† 11180:) 11174: ( 11164:† 11145:† 11131:† 11117:† 11107:) 11101: ( 11086:† 11072:† 11058:† 11048:Leaders 10986:† 10972:† 10958:† 10944:† 10930:† 10911:† 10897:† 10878:† 10864:† 10850:† 10836:† 10822:† 10808:† 10794:† 10780:† 10770:Leaders 10684:† 10670:† 10656:† 10632:† 10580:Leaders 10255:Avrasya 9981:italics 9782:Vietnam 9752:Kurdish 9710:Turkmen 9705:Kurdish 9602:Chuvash 9597:Chechen 9592:Bashkir 9550:Pashtun 9504:Rakhine 9499:Palaung 9467:Myanmar 9458:Sarawak 9405:Kurdish 9379:Kurdish 9332:Tripuri 9259:Georgia 9234:Tibetan 9165:Kurdish 9160:Artsakh 9139:Pashtun 9112:in Asia 9019:English 9014:Cornish 8998:Luhansk 8993:Donetsk 8988:Crimean 8981:Ukraine 8967:Kurdish 8910:Murcian 8905:Leonese 8895:Catalan 8778:Chuvash 8773:Chechen 8768:Bashkir 8742:Székely 8735:Romania 8684:Frisian 8656:Moldova 8647:Ilirida 8590:Lombard 8541:Germany 8510:Georgia 8496:Occitan 8455:Ålandic 8448:Finland 8439:Faroese 8427:Denmark 8397:Istrian 8390:Croatia 8363:Walloon 8358:Flemish 8351:Belgium 8332:Kurdish 8327:Artsakh 8304:Albania 8145:Silesia 8115:Ossetia 8090:Luhansk 8065:Karelia 8055:Ilirida 8035:Donetsk 7960:Assyria 7763:Ugandan 7728:Russian 7673:Iranian 7663:Iberian 7633:Chinese 7608:African 7564:Oceania 7536:Finnish 7531:Faroese 7491:Catalan 7456:Spanish 7420:Lombard 7415:Italian 7355:English 7350:Cornish 7345:British 7329:Walloon 7324:Occitan 7309:Flemish 7299:Arpitan 7270:Chuvash 7218:Yiddish 7208:Russian 7141:Frisian 7110:Serbian 7063:Bosniak 6968:Pashtun 6884:Tripuri 6857:Punjabi 6820:Bengali 6799:Tibetan 6747:Chinese 6714:Turkish 6694:Kurdish 6682:Zionism 6673:Jewish 6664:Iranian 6622:Mapuche 6617:Criollo 6591:Haitian 6550:Chicano 6495:Nigeria 6450:Sahrawi 5262:130–131 4863:14 July 4838:14 July 4727:Reuters 4617:7 March 4589:7 March 2921:, 2786:Reuters 2317:Ukraine 2277:Taliban 2209:Georgia 2006:stoning 1910:is the 1850:Estonia 1843:Taliban 1810:Taliban 1791:Georgia 1621:Ukraine 1532:Taliban 1428:economy 1268:elected 1213:History 1205:Ичкерия 1145:since. 1105:: 1094:Russian 1077:Chechen 811:Ancient 601:Emirate 599:• 586:• 572:• 562:signed 558:• 542:• 529:• 516:• 314:Unitary 303:Unitary 264:Russian 259:Chechen 211:Capital 144:Anthem: 132:Russian 118:Chechen 46:Chechen 12941:Europe 12922:Taiwan 12807:Yoruba 12777:Ogaden 12762:Biafra 12740:Africa 12568:Russia 12499: 12477: 12441:Russia 12438: 12386: 12339: 12292: 12259:Turkey 12256: 12220:Russia 12217: 12158: 12106: 12069: 11909:Farukh 11904:Shusha 11823:Tartar 11765:(2020) 11334: 11326: 11320: 11312: 11306: 11298: 11292: 11284: 11278: 11270: 11264: 11256: 11250: 11242: 11236: 11228: 11222: 11214: 11208: 11200: 11194: 11186: 11168: 11160: 11149: 11141: 11135: 11127: 11121: 11113: 11090: 11082: 11076: 11068: 11062: 11054: 10990: 10982: 10976: 10968: 10962: 10954: 10948: 10940: 10934: 10926: 10915: 10907: 10901: 10893: 10882: 10874: 10868: 10860: 10854: 10846: 10840: 10832: 10826: 10818: 10812: 10804: 10798: 10790: 10784: 10776: 10688: 10680: 10674: 10666: 10660: 10652: 10636: 10628: 10041:(1999) 9929: 9872: 9735:Turkey 9726:Patani 9668:Qatifi 9632:Manchu 9627:Lezgin 9617:Ingush 9580:Russia 9540:Baloch 9489:Kokang 9479:Kachin 9426:Ryukyu 9374:Baloch 9243:Cyprus 9214:Manchu 9175:Talysh 9170:Lezgin 9134:Hazara 8950:Turkey 8941:Scania 8929:Sweden 8880:Basque 8849:Kosovo 8837:Serbia 8808:Manchu 8803:Lezgin 8793:Ingush 8756:Russia 8709:Poland 8693:Norway 8567:Greece 8486:Breton 8481:Basque 8469:France 8406:Cyprus 8342:Talysh 8337:Lezgin 8201:German 8186:Racial 8030:Danzig 8015:Crimea 8000:Champa 7965:Azawad 7955:Arakan 7758:Turkic 7738:Slavic 7713:Nordic 7693:Libyan 7683:Korean 7668:Indian 7648:Finnic 7628:Celtic 7476:Basque 7394:Basque 7365:Ulster 7314:French 7304:Breton 7249:Lezgin 7244:Ingush 7178:Slovak 7168:Polish 7146:German 7022:Europe 6978:Uyghur 6946:Baloch 6862:Sindhi 6847:Meitei 6842:Hazara 6789:Ryukyu 6779:Manchu 6774:Korean 6709:Syrian 6565:Lakota 6481:Somali 6471:Amhara 6466:Acholi 6445:Kabyle 6428:Coptic 6423:Berber 6404:Africa 6333: 6312: 6106: 5979:15 May 5935:15 May 5910:15 May 5884:15 May 5859:15 May 5811:15 May 5786:15 May 5742:7 July 5268: 5212:UNCHR 5195:14 May 5169:14 May 5112:14 May 5004:. p147 4025: 3115: 2746: 2719: 2554: 2529: 2415:10 May 2323:Russia 2314: 2300:Notes 2193:Notes 2026:Sharia 1990:Grozny 1868:, the 1825:, the 1771:Sharia 1714:Tu-134 1690:MiG-17 1524:Poland 1516:battle 1476:, the 1467:Moscow 1416:Grozny 1400:Moscow 1183:Grozny 1116:" or " 887:Modern 853:Simsim 848:Alania 747:on the 725:Russia 442: 386: 332: 215:Grozny 187:(1991) 178:Status 146: 128: 114: 42: 12973:Savoy 12927:Tibet 12912:Sindh 12867:Hmong 12787:Oromo 12782:Ogoni 11807:Ganja 11803:Barda 10431:Films 9810:Yemen 9801:] 9693:Syria 9684:Tamil 9652:Tatar 9555:Sindh 9484:Karen 9419:Japan 9327:Tamil 9290:India 9209:Macau 9190:Bashu 9184:China 9044:Welsh 8858:Spain 8828:Tatar 8583:Italy 8553:Sorbs 8211:White 8196:Black 8174:Other 8165:Tibet 8135:Sápmi 7688:Latin 7678:Iraqi 7618:Asian 7586:Māori 7449:Spain 7408:Italy 7370:Welsh 7319:Irish 7275:Tatar 7136:Czech 7073:Greek 6910:Malay 6905:Khmer 6872:Tamil 6669:Iraqi 6507:Ogoni 5367:RFERL 5143:(PDF) 5132:(PDF) 3435:(PDF) 3428:(PDF) 2364:Notes 2296:State 2261:Kabul 2178:State 1775:hudud 1710:An-22 1540:mufti 1520:exile 1135:state 1072:-ee-ə 1068:itch- 830:Alans 617:Area 13005:Guam 12917:Sulu 12837:Aceh 12830:Asia 12573:OSCE 10537:ODON 10532:OMON 10225:2008 10220:2007 10215:2006 10210:2005 10205:2004 10200:2003 10195:2002 10190:2001 10185:2000 9789:Cham 9642:Sámi 9514:Shan 9474:Chin 9393:Iraq 9362:Iran 9348:Aceh 9322:Naga 9302:Bodo 9108:and 8936:Sámi 8818:Sámi 8700:Sámi 8460:Sámi 8291:and 8228:Note 7613:Arab 6925:Thai 6920:Shan 6852:Naga 6832:Bodo 6726:Zaza 6654:Arab 6640:Asia 6502:Igbo 6476:Hutu 6418:Arab 6331:ISBN 6310:ISBN 6285:2022 6259:2022 6233:2022 6208:2023 6182:2023 6161:2022 6135:2022 6104:ISBN 6076:2018 6014:2017 5981:2022 5937:2022 5912:2022 5886:2022 5861:2022 5813:2022 5788:2022 5744:2020 5719:2017 5651:2017 5568:2017 5536:2017 5504:2017 5468:2017 5433:2015 5354:2017 5266:ISBN 5197:2022 5171:2022 5114:2022 5047:2017 4988:2017 4956:2017 4865:2022 4840:2022 4812:2017 4782:2023 4735:2022 4677:2022 4647:2022 4619:2022 4591:2022 4563:2023 4525:2015 4499:2015 4422:2017 4363:2017 4330:2017 4298:2017 4266:2017 4231:2017 4199:2017 4166:2017 4112:2017 4082:2017 4023:ISBN 3942:link 3914:2017 3884:2017 3853:2017 3819:2017 3788:2017 3729:2017 3699:2017 3669:2017 3639:2017 3585:2017 3555:2017 3506:2017 3473:2017 3443:2017 3410:2017 3379:2017 3349:2017 3316:2023 3279:2017 3248:2017 3217:2017 3186:2017 3153:2017 3113:ISBN 3094:2017 3022:2017 2991:2017 2958:2017 2835:2023 2794:2022 2744:ISBN 2717:ISBN 2696:2017 2666:2017 2636:2017 2588:2017 2552:ISBN 2527:ISBN 2508:2017 2478:2022 2447:2016 2417:2015 2252:2000 2216:1992 2126:and 2058:The 1837:the 1755:Emir 1706:L-39 1702:L-29 1698:Mi-8 1696:, 2 1615:The 1597:and 1567:Emir 1492:and 1356:The 1250:The 1148:The 1114:ChRI 1070:KERR 1030:The 687:ASSR 546:with 83:Flag 12688:884 12683:874 12678:853 12673:822 11177:POW 11104:POW 10444:War 10253:MV 9494:Mon 8283:of 7009:Laz 6915:Mon 6752:Han 5806:CBC 3993:AEI 3750:CNN 3717:UPI 3494:UPI 3367:UPI 2654:UPI 1118:CRI 13027:: 12578:EU 11821:, 11817:, 11813:, 11809:, 11805:, 9799:vi 9519:Wa 9104:, 8287:, 6397:in 6275:. 6249:. 6224:. 6198:. 6126:. 6084:^ 6066:. 6060:. 6037:. 6031:. 6004:. 5998:. 5971:. 5952:, 5928:. 5902:. 5877:. 5851:. 5829:. 5804:. 5778:. 5759:, 5735:. 5703:. 5641:. 5635:. 5610:. 5552:. 5520:. 5494:. 5488:. 5476:^ 5452:. 5441:^ 5423:. 5369:, 5338:. 5264:. 5231:, 5187:. 5162:. 5151:^ 5134:. 5104:. 5091:^ 5081:. 5063:. 5037:. 5031:. 4972:. 4940:. 4916:^ 4900:. 4856:. 4828:. 4790:^ 4772:. 4752:. 4725:. 4707:. 4667:. 4663:. 4635:. 4608:. 4580:. 4553:. 4515:. 4489:. 4454:^ 4406:. 4395:^ 4353:. 4347:. 4314:. 4282:. 4250:. 4239:^ 4215:. 4189:. 4183:. 4150:. 4139:^ 4127:. 4098:. 4068:. 4048:. 4042:. 4000:^ 3991:. 3973:^ 3963:. 3959:. 3938:}} 3934:{{ 3900:. 3874:. 3870:. 3843:. 3839:. 3827:^ 3809:. 3805:. 3778:. 3774:. 3762:^ 3748:. 3737:^ 3715:. 3685:. 3655:. 3629:. 3625:. 3606:. 3602:. 3571:. 3541:. 3492:. 3481:^ 3459:. 3400:. 3396:. 3365:. 3335:. 3324:^ 3307:. 3269:. 3265:. 3238:. 3234:. 3207:. 3203:. 3176:. 3172:. 3161:^ 3143:. 3139:. 3127:^ 3084:. 3080:. 3068:^ 3054:. 3041:^ 3012:. 3008:. 2977:. 2966:^ 2944:. 2932:^ 2907:^ 2843:^ 2826:. 2784:. 2766:. 2682:. 2652:. 2622:. 2604:. 2574:. 2494:. 2468:. 2455:^ 2433:. 2407:. 2403:. 2392:^ 2114:. 1861:. 1793:, 1741:, 1694:15 1601:. 1422:. 1240:. 1166:. 1100:, 1096:: 1092:; 1083:, 1079:: 1075:; 1053:ɛr 1044:tʃ 12724:e 12717:t 12710:v 11825:) 11374:e 11367:t 11360:v 10014:e 10007:t 10000:v 9983:. 9851:e 9844:t 9837:v 9094:e 9087:t 9080:v 8273:e 8266:t 8259:v 8239:. 6380:e 6373:t 6366:v 6339:. 6318:. 6287:. 6261:. 6235:. 6210:. 6184:. 6163:. 6137:. 6112:. 6078:. 6016:. 5983:. 5939:. 5914:. 5888:. 5863:. 5815:. 5790:. 5746:. 5721:. 5653:. 5570:. 5538:. 5506:. 5470:. 5435:. 5356:. 5274:. 5199:. 5173:. 5116:. 5067:. 5049:. 4990:. 4958:. 4867:. 4842:. 4814:. 4784:. 4758:. 4737:. 4679:. 4649:. 4621:. 4593:. 4565:. 4527:. 4501:. 4424:. 4365:. 4332:. 4300:. 4268:. 4233:. 4201:. 4168:. 4114:. 4084:. 4029:. 3944:) 3916:. 3886:. 3855:. 3821:. 3790:. 3731:. 3701:. 3671:. 3641:. 3587:. 3557:. 3508:. 3475:. 3445:. 3412:. 3381:. 3351:. 3318:. 3281:. 3250:. 3219:. 3188:. 3155:. 3121:. 3096:. 3024:. 2993:. 2960:. 2837:. 2811:. 2796:. 2752:. 2725:. 2698:. 2668:. 2638:. 2590:. 2560:. 2535:. 2510:. 2480:. 2449:. 2419:. 2305:1 2234:2 2198:1 1692:/ 1062:/ 1059:ə 1056:i 1050:k 1047:ˈ 1041:ɪ 1038:/ 1034:( 1019:e 1012:t 1005:v 193:( 134:) 130:( 120:) 116:( 48:) 44:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

Index