645:
484:
2312:
466:
576:
4490:
4060:
824:
102:
838:
4476:
4072:
587:
66:
812:), thereby allowing the monarch to make sure "that the government conducts itself in compliance with the constitution." Politicians can sometimes try to use to their favour to obscure the complexity of the relationship between the monarch, viceroy, ministers, and Parliament, as well as the public's general unfamiliarity with such.
936:
It was said by Helen Forsey: "The inherent complexity and subtlety of this type of constitutional situation can make it hard for the general public to fully grasp the implications. That confusion gives an unscrupulous government plenty of opportunity to oversimplify and misrepresent, making much of
340:
is the body that advises the sovereign or their representative on the exercise of executive power. This task is carried out nearly exclusively by the
Cabinet, which functions as the executive committee of the Privy Council that sets the government's policies and priorities for the country and is
937:
the alleged conflict between popular democracy—supposedly embodied in the Prime
Minister—and the constitutional mechanisms at the heart of responsible government, notably the 'reserve powers' of the Crown, which gets portrayed as illegitimate." As examples, she cited the campaign of
795:
of their ministers. The royal prerogative, however, belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, who only rule "in trust" for the monarch and who must relinquish the Crown's power back to it upon losing the confidence of the commons, whereupon a new government, which
758:, with the Cabinet ruling "in trust" for the monarch. However, the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, and there are rare exceptions where the monarch may be obliged to act unilaterally to prevent manifestly unconstitutional acts.
341:
chaired by the prime minister. The sovereign appoints the members of
Cabinet on the advice of the prime minister who, by convention, are generally selected primarily from the House of Commons (although often include a limited number of members from the
507:
is vested with all powers of state and sits at the centre of a construct in which the power of the whole is shared by multiple institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority. The executive is thus formally referred to as the
2281:
2249:
2144:
2112:
2080:
2011:
2217:
361:. Laws are formed by the passage of bills through Parliament, which are either sponsored by the government or individual members of Parliament. Once a bill has been approved by both the House of Commons and the Senate,
3746:
3410:
982:
1297:
253:. There are over 100 departments and agencies, as well as over 300,000 persons employed in the Government of Canada. These institutions carry out the programs and enforce the laws established by the
531:; though, there are some duties which must be specifically performed by the monarch themselves (such as assent of certain bills). In case of the governor general's absence or incapacitation, the
1524:
1204:
1404:
1178:
562:
in conventional practice); within the conventional stipulations of a constitutional monarchy, the sovereign's direct participation in any of these areas of governance is limited.
321:, which is typically determined through the election of enough members of a single political party in a federal election to provide a majority of seats in Parliament, forming a
4759:
1479:
2182:
1665:
3624:
1376:
698:
in the House of
Commons, the leader of one party—either the party with the most seats or one supported by other parties—will be called by the governor general to form a
2478:
2349:
3767:
3714:
3709:
3704:
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3649:
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3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
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2931:
1271:
974:
3926:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
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3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3405:
3385:
3539:
3065:
784:
and the day-to-day operation of government is guided only by a sub-group of the Privy
Council made up of individuals who hold seats in Parliament, known as the
2919:
2988:
2523:
1313:
670:, who heads the Cabinet and directs the activities of the government. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists in long-established
1528:
2610:
3151:
2983:
2926:
2823:
2432:
1238:
1212:
398:
3762:
1356:
1336:
1148:
4774:
4744:
4649:
2508:
2342:
1898:
1023:
4528:
2945:
2895:
1398:
1700:
1170:
3794:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3367:
3362:
3070:
2847:
2513:
2358:
950:
851:
619:
261:
4299:
3357:
3237:
2914:
2907:
2658:
2584:
4769:
804:'s confidence, is installed by the governor general. The royal and vice-royal figures may unilaterally use these powers in exceptional
1086:
3334:
3329:
3171:
2605:
2335:
1498:
4699:
3730:
3176:
2859:
2483:
1810:
1588:
1441:
422:
issued by federal departments, the government has sometimes been referred to as the current prime minister's government (e.g. the
4810:
4749:
4451:
4410:
3531:
2871:
2835:
2818:
2533:
408:
2163:
4800:
4362:
4110:
3815:
3324:
3077:
2883:
2548:
1677:
2265:
2233:
2128:
2096:
2064:
1995:
3842:
2733:
2488:
2377:
2275:
2243:
2211:
2176:
2138:
2106:
2074:
2043:
2005:
1974:
1949:
1873:
1838:
1747:
1573:
1492:
1307:
1123:
1036:
427:
2201:
702:. Once sworn in, the prime minister holds office until their resignation or removal by the governor general, after either a
4589:
4222:
4138:
3956:
3144:
2890:
2452:
2387:
4639:
4375:
4039:
2842:
2806:
1264:
683:
17:
365:
is required to make the bill become law. The laws are then the responsibility of the government to oversee and enforce.
4425:
4227:
3029:
2902:
2683:
2437:
2427:
856:
735:
719:
610:
595:
The
Government of Canada signature (above) and wordmark (below); used to corporately identify the government under the
551:
337:
4654:
4549:
4521:
4289:
3810:
3352:
1610:
4739:
1736:
Russell, Peter (1983). "Bold
Statecraft, Questionable Jurisprudence". In Banting, Keith G.; Simeon, Richard (eds.).
1562:
Russell, Peter (1983), "Bold
Statecraft, Questionable Jurisprudence", in Banting, Keith G.; Simeon, Richard (eds.),
4704:
4143:
3196:
3118:
2728:
2563:
2468:
2414:
346:
4659:
4076:
3895:
3217:
3137:
3082:
2854:
2651:
2473:
1799:"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence"
1430:"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence"
1019:
1370:
4395:
3108:
3092:
2866:
2830:
2528:
2447:
2372:
644:
4795:
4317:
3113:
2878:
2382:
1847:
1624:
1293:
426:). This terminology has been commonly employed in the media. In late 2010, an informal instruction from the
345:). During its term, the government must retain the confidence of the House of Commons and certain important
4514:
3991:
3805:
3009:
2813:
2688:
2442:
2422:
861:
2317:
4805:
4754:
4405:
4164:
4159:
3945:
3467:
3212:
2625:
2493:
1592:
1234:
938:
430:
urged government departments to consistently use, in all department communications, such phrasing (i.e.,
403:
358:
4764:
4435:
4355:
4103:
3502:
3446:
3222:
2801:
2644:
2579:
2518:
2322:
781:
679:
520:
455:
386:
385:
refer specifically to the prime minister, Cabinet, and other members of the governing party inside the
318:
294:
169:
131:
916:
4734:
4644:
4594:
4554:
4415:
4322:
3864:
3847:
3296:
2745:
2718:
2403:
1140:
920:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4574:
3301:
3279:
2698:
2538:
1042:
871:
866:
667:
652:
639:
623:
596:
390:
302:
246:
234:
117:
4709:
4340:
746:, and other elder statesmen—rarely meets in full. In the construct of constitutional monarchy and
4714:
4629:
4604:
4282:
4272:
4232:
4205:
4200:
4029:
3971:
3859:
3284:
3232:
3181:
2723:
2558:
1694:
792:
743:
731:
703:
687:
674:, which stipulates the Crown must select as prime minister the person most likely to command the
532:
280:
145:
2940:
1115:
1109:
671:
330:
4679:
4614:
4584:
4559:
4400:
4277:
4264:
4242:
4212:
4169:
4133:
4034:
3986:
3820:
3522:
3311:
3268:
3160:
3055:
2973:
2955:
2589:
2035:
1861:
891:
773:
747:
726:
354:
326:
269:
265:
4694:
4689:
4619:
4599:
4456:
4420:
4390:
4348:
4254:
4184:
4174:
4096:
3060:
2498:
1939:
1673:
805:
675:
627:
555:
314:
226:
4634:
4624:
4564:
4430:
3981:
3976:
3916:
2703:
2543:
1070:
942:
886:
618:. The day-to-day operation and activities of the Government of Canada are performed by the
550:. Much of the royal prerogative is only exercised in-council, meaning on the advice of the
374:
254:
3512:
8:
4684:
4609:
4461:
4249:
4237:
4217:
3921:
3319:
2708:
2693:
1661:
707:
699:
695:
483:
3004:
1798:
1598:
1429:
4579:
4001:
3996:
3961:
3830:
3452:
3289:
3207:
2968:
2713:
2667:
2311:
2028:
1603:
The Queen's Other Realms: The Crown and its Legacy in
Australia, Canada and New Zealand
881:
656:
504:
451:
412:
310:
54:
4294:
4179:
3911:
3874:
3249:
3087:
3019:
3014:
2271:
2239:
2207:
2172:
2134:
2102:
2070:
2039:
2001:
1970:
1945:
1920:
1879:
1869:
1743:
1606:
1601:
on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2020. p. 9. Reviewed work: Boyce, Peter. 2008.
1569:
1488:
1303:
1119:
1078:
1032:
924:
843:
785:
777:
767:
559:
539:
528:
277:
230:
154:
3045:
3024:
3825:
3507:
3472:
3462:
3050:
2553:
2408:
2159:
1910:
547:
1835:
1699:, III.15, Westminster: Queen's Printer (published 29 March 1867), III.9 & 11,
4480:
4329:
4309:
3906:
3852:
2963:
2615:
1866:
The veiled sceptre : reserve powers of heads of state in
Westminster systems
1842:
1737:
1563:
575:
342:
322:
206:
42:
2327:
1899:"The Crown and Government Formation: Conventions, Practices, Customs, and Norms"
1369:
Bosc, Marc; Gagnon, André (2017), "1: House of Commons Procedure and Practice",
393:
and federal departments and agencies when used elsewhere. This differs from the
4506:
3837:
2753:
1690:
946:
691:
648:
543:
515:
On the advice of the Canadian prime minister, the sovereign appoints a federal
465:
306:
273:
121:
1883:
4789:
4494:
4119:
4064:
3966:
3869:
3243:
2503:
1924:
1475:
1082:
975:"Overview of the Canadian Parliamentary System | Our Country, Our Parliament"
829:
809:
475:
419:
394:
329:, which includes written statutes in addition to court rulings and unwritten
290:
3436:
2778:
1941:
Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: An Introduction to Our Form of Government
1299:
Accountable Government: A Guide for Ministers and Ministers of State – 2008
1066:
438:. The same Cabinet earlier directed its press department to use the phrase
362:
2130:
The Canadian Regime: An Introduction to Parliamentary Government in Canada
686:
that holds more seats than any other party in that chamber (currently the
3457:
3129:
2978:
2783:
2768:
1396:
801:
471:
285:
1868:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 13–15.
1628:
837:
527:)—who, since 1947, is permitted to exercise almost all of the monarch's
411:
encompasses executive, legislative, and judicial powers, similar to the
3491:
3227:
2758:
2620:
524:
489:
350:
298:
214:
135:
499:
Canada is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the role of the reigning
313:, who is invited by the Crown to form a government after securing the
2773:
2675:
2636:
2098:
Uneasy partnership: the politics of business and government in Canada
1915:
776:
require that those who directly advise the Crown on the exercise the
663:
500:
1836:
A Tradition of Vigilance: The Role of Lieutenant Governor in Alberta
1622:
742:. However, the Privy Council—consisting mostly of former ministers,
4370:
2763:
1739:
And no one cheered: federalism, democracy, and the Constitution Act
1565:
And no one cheered: federalism, democracy, and the Constitution Act
791:
The monarch and governor general typically follow the near-binding
158:
586:
65:
2793:
516:
325:. Further elements of governance are outlined in the rest of the
149:
2026:
Dawson, R. MacGregor; Dawson, W. F. (1989). Ward, Norman (ed.).
1397:
Table Research Branch of the House of Commons, "Our Procedure",
750:, the advice tendered is typically binding, meaning the monarch
4088:
1625:"Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing-In of a New Ministry"
1018:
876:
218:
179:
107:
3195:
1997:
Parliamentary Procedure and Practice in the Dominion of Canada
1375:(3 ed.), Ottawa: House of Commons Table Research Branch,
1967:
The Crown and its Legacy in Australia, Canada and New Zealand
1487:(6 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 1.
1031:(2 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 3,
276:
acts as the core, or "the most basic building block", of its
1674:
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
1994:
Bourinot, John George (2008), Flint, Thomas Barnard (ed.),
2235:
E-government in Canada: transformation for the digital age
1114:(5 ed.). Don Mills: Oxford University Press. p.
492:, Governor General of Canada, the monarch's representative
666:
is always in place, which includes the appointment of a
662:
One of the main duties of the Crown is to ensure that a
237:(whom the Cabinet direct); it is alternatively known as
3437:
Amendments and other constitutional documents 1867–1982
2305:
2066:
Thinking government: public sector management in Canada
4019:
3944:
3521:
3310:
1525:"House of Commons > 1. Parliamentary Institutions"
1344:
The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy?
1205:"Tories re-brand government in Stephen Harper's name"
225:
refers specifically to the executive, which includes
3724:
Part II – Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada
1292:
819:
503:
is both legal and practical, but not political. The
190:
2989:
The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada
1719:
1717:
682:, who, in practice, is typically the leader of the
2171:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 18,
2027:
1302:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 45.
2357:
2203:Law, politics, and the judicial process in Canada
4787:
4536:
3740:Part III – Equalization and regional disparities
3532:Part I – Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2984:The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces
2034:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p.
1723:
1714:
1522:
2585:Office of the Secretary to the Governor General
2479:Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs
2126:
262:federal government's organization and structure
3244:Report on the Affairs of British North America
2611:Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment
1742:. Toronto: Taylor & Francis. p. 217.
1568:, Toronto: Taylor & Francis, p. 217,
1265:"As David Johnson Enters Rideau Hall ..."
4522:
4356:
4104:
3145:
2946:Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments
2652:
2343:
2133:(4th ed.), University of Toronto Press,
565:
2524:Innovation, Science and Economic Development
2423:Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner
2318:Public Accounts of Canada, from 1995, in pdf
2127:Malcolmson, Patrick; Myers, Richard (2009),
2025:
1830:
1828:
1803:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
1627:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
1527:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
1523:Marleau, Robert; Montpetit, Camille (2000).
1434:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
852:Structure of the Canadian federal government
3238:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada
1680:on 23 November 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
1002:
1000:
535:performs the Crown's most basic functions.
4529:
4515:
4363:
4349:
4111:
4097:
3197:Pre-Confederation constitutional documents
3159:
3152:
3138:
2659:
2645:
2350:
2336:
2310:
1851:30(4):19–28. Retrieved 22 May 2020. p. 23.
1778:
1623:Office of the Governor General of Canada.
1423:
1421:
1368:
1235:"Tories defend use of 'Harper Government'"
1139:Office, Privy Council (21 February 2018).
3894:
2606:Canadian International Development Agency
1914:
1825:
1643:
1543:
1456:
1258:
1256:
375:Westminster-style parliamentary democracy
1993:
1969:, Sydney: Federation Press, p. 29,
1937:
1790:
1689:
1670:Documents on Canadian External Relations
1232:
1198:
1196:
997:
951:2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute
643:
3513:Kitchen Accord/Night of the Long Knives
3406:Fines and penalties for provincial laws
2509:Housing, Infrastructure and Communities
2158:
2062:
1896:
1784:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1735:
1561:
1549:
1462:
1418:
1346:, Ottawa: Queen's University, p. 6
1202:
1006:
14:
4788:
2666:
2199:
1964:
1958:
1897:Lagassé, Philippe (4 September 2019).
1860:
1649:
1474:
1328:
1262:
1253:
1138:
1107:
930:
538:As part of the royal prerogative, the
4510:
4344:
4092:
4018:
3943:
3893:
3843:Individual ministerial responsibility
3792:
3489:
3435:
3266:
3194:
3133:
2640:
2514:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
2331:
2284:from the original on 10 November 2023
2252:from the original on 10 November 2023
2220:from the original on 10 November 2023
2147:from the original on 10 November 2023
2115:from the original on 10 November 2023
2083:from the original on 10 November 2023
2014:from the original on 10 November 2023
1334:
1193:
1065:
985:from the original on 21 February 2022
694:). Should no particular party hold a
27:Federal administrative body of Canada
3411:Matters of a local or private nature
2453:Public Sector Integrity Commissioner
2388:Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat
2188:from the original on 24 October 2022
2094:
1809:(3). Perth: Murdoch University: 12.
1763:
1703:from the original on 3 February 2010
1274:from the original on 3 February 2011
1241:from the original on 2 November 2013
1089:from the original on 11 October 2013
445:
4040:Constitution Act (British Columbia)
2263:
2231:
1796:
1587:Jackson, Michael D. October 2009. "
1427:
1111:Canadian Democracy: An Introduction
293:and is personally represented by a
24:
4020:Provincial constitutions of Canada
3946:Interpretation of the Constitution
2684:Monarchy in the Canadian provinces
2438:Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada
2433:Commissioner of Official Languages
2428:Information Commissioner of Canada
2000:(4th ed.), Lawbook Exchange,
1986:
1655:
1616:
1591:" (book review & commentary).
1181:from the original on 21 April 2023
1151:from the original on 30 March 2023
909:
213:) is the body responsible for the
25:
4822:
3811:Cabinet collective responsibility
3353:Peace, order, and good government
3267:
2484:Employment and Social Development
2297:
2267:Business and government in Canada
2069:(2nd ed.), Broadview Press,
1813:from the original on 26 June 2020
1666:Relations With the United States
1444:from the original on 26 June 2020
1400:The Canadian Parliamentary System
967:
633:
4650:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4488:
4475:
4474:
4118:
4071:
4070:
4058:
3172:List of constitutional documents
3119:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
2057:Democratic Government in Canada.
1407:from the original on 30 May 2022
1335:Smith, David E. (10 June 2010),
1263:Forsey, Helen (1 October 2010).
836:
822:
724:The executive is defined in the
713:
620:federal departments and agencies
614:refers to the activities of the
585:
574:
482:
474:, King of Canada, the country's
464:
100:
64:
3793:
2549:Public Services and Procurement
2030:Democratic Government in Canada
1931:
1890:
1854:
1834:Neitsch, Alfred Thomas. 2007. "
1729:
1683:
1613:. Sydney, AU: Federation Press.
1597:39(30):9–12. Archived from the
1581:
1555:
1516:
1481:How Canadians Govern Themselves
1468:
1390:
1379:from the original on 7 May 2017
1362:
1286:
1203:Cheadle, Bruce (3 March 2011),
1108:Brooks, Stephen Farper (2007).
1020:Department of Canadian Heritage
857:His Majesty's Government (term)
808:situations (an exercise of the
736:King's Privy Council for Canada
720:King's Privy Council for Canada
552:King's Privy Council for Canada
338:King's Privy Council for Canada
4811:Westminster system governments
3490:
3280:Charlottetown Conference, 1864
3177:Amendments to the Constitution
3109:Canadian Secretary to the King
3093:Canadian Coronation Contingent
2814:Lieutenant governors in Canada
2489:Environment and Climate Change
2448:Privacy Commissioner of Canada
2270:, University of Ottawa Press,
2238:, University of Ottawa Press,
2200:Morton, Frederick Lee (2002),
1589:The Senior Realms of the Queen
1226:
1163:
1132:
1101:
1059:
1012:
780:be accountable to the elected
368:
13:
1:
4801:1867 establishments in Canada
3927:Other unsuccessful amendments
3114:History of monarchy in Canada
2359:Federal departments of Canada
1848:Canadian Parliamentary Review
897:
389:, but typically includes the
70:Government of Canada wordmark
4775:United States Virgin Islands
4537:Governments of North America
3992:Interjurisdictional immunity
3816:Disallowance and reservation
3468:Statute of Westminster, 1931
2443:Parliamentary Budget Officer
2378:Office of the Prime Minister
1797:Cox, Noel (September 2002).
1724:Marleau & Montpetit 2000
1428:Cox, Noel (September 2002).
1171:"The Branches of Government"
960:
862:Canadian order of precedence
434:, at the time), in place of
428:Office of the Prime Minister
7:
3368:Matters excepted from s. 92
2626:Solicitor General of Canada
1025:Canadian Heritage Portfolio
939:William Lyon Mackenzie King
815:
730:as the Crown acting on the
10:
4827:
3957:Indigenous self-government
3447:British North America Acts
3233:Constitutional Act of 1791
3223:Royal Proclamation of 1763
3218:Constitution of New France
2802:Governor General of Canada
2580:Governor General of Canada
1372:Parliamentary Institutions
765:
761:
717:
637:
566:Prime Minister and Cabinet
456:Governor General of Canada
449:
333:developed over centuries.
243:Gouvernement de Sa Majesté
4750:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4668:
4542:
4470:
4444:
4411:Newfoundland and Labrador
4383:
4323:Law School Admission Test
4308:
4263:
4193:
4152:
4126:
4052:
4025:
4014:
3952:
3939:
3902:
3889:
3865:Parliamentary sovereignty
3806:At His Majesty's pleasure
3801:
3788:
3755:
3739:
3723:
3530:
3498:
3485:
3442:
3431:
3401:Administration of justice
3396:Property and civil rights
3376:
3343:
3275:
3262:
3203:
3190:
3167:
3101:
3038:
2997:
2954:
2941:Territorial Commissioners
2792:
2744:
2674:
2598:
2572:
2564:Women and Gender Equality
2469:Agriculture and Agri-Food
2461:
2396:
2365:
1938:Tidridge, Nathan (2011).
1337:"Conference on the Crown"
1233:CTV News (7 March 2011).
283:. The monarch, King
185:
175:
165:
141:
127:
113:
95:
80:
75:
63:
52:
41:
34:
4770:Turks and Caicos Islands
4223:Immigration and refugees
3302:Fathers of Confederation
3182:Quasi-constitutional law
1672:18(867): Ch. 8. Ottawa:
1594:Canadian Monarchist News
902:
872:Public Service of Canada
867:Office-holders of Canada
640:Prime Minister of Canada
624:Public Service of Canada
611:His Majesty's Government
597:Federal Identity Program
517:viceregal representative
239:His Majesty's Government
4030:Constitution of Alberta
3972:Equal authenticity rule
3860:Parliamentary privilege
3297:London Conference, 1866
3285:Quebec Conference, 1864
3039:Ceremonial and symbolic
2462:Ministerial departments
2415:Chief Electoral Officer
2095:Hale, Geoffrey (2006),
2063:Johnson, David (2006),
1944:. Dundurn. p. 65.
1841:25 October 2020 at the
949:'s comments during the
704:motion of no confidence
533:administrator of Canada
440:Canada's New Government
281:parliamentary democracy
4700:British Virgin Islands
4213:Civil and human rights
4035:Constitution of Quebec
3987:Implied Bill of Rights
3821:Responsible government
3523:Constitution Act, 1982
3503:Fulton–Favreau formula
3473:Newfoundland Act, 1949
3463:Saskatchewan Act, 1905
3391:Works and undertakings
3312:Constitution Act, 1867
3161:Constitution of Canada
2590:Polar Knowledge Canada
2397:Officers of Parliament
1965:Boyce, Peter (2008b),
1696:Constitution Act, 1867
1071:"Defending the royals"
892:Court system of Canada
774:responsible government
748:responsible government
727:Constitution Act, 1867
659:
556:ministers of the Crown
391:federal public service
355:speech from the throne
336:Constitutionally, the
270:Constitution Act, 1867
242:
227:ministers of the Crown
211:Gouvernement du Canada
210:
84:July 1, 1867
47:Gouvernement du Canada
46:
4640:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4452:Northwest Territories
4376:province or territory
4250:Labour and employment
4228:Intellectual property
3896:Constitutional debate
3208:Iroquois constitution
2264:Roy, Jeffrey (2007),
2232:Roy, Jeffrey (2006),
1664:. 10 November 1952. "
806:constitutional crisis
738:, referred to as the
664:democratic government
647:
628:Canadian Armed Forces
401:is referred to as an
327:Canadian constitution
235:federal civil service
4796:Government of Canada
4426:Prince Edward Island
4372:Government of Canada
3917:Charlottetown Accord
3213:Mi'kmaq constitution
2494:Fisheries and Oceans
2383:Privy Council Office
1903:Constitutional Forum
1676:. Archived from the
1662:Wrong, Humphrey Hume
1294:Privy Council Office
1069:(13 November 2009).
887:Parliament of Canada
772:The stipulations of
608:, or more formally,
606:Government of Canada
436:Government of Canada
383:Government of Canada
357:, are considered as
255:Parliament of Canada
251:Government of Canada
223:Government of Canada
203:Government of Canada
36:Government of Canada
4655:Trinidad and Tobago
4550:Antigua and Barbuda
4144:Provincial statutes
3922:Calgary Declaration
3320:Canadian federalism
2519:Indigenous Services
2101:, Broadview Press,
700:minority government
542:gives authority to
264:was established at
247:corporately branded
18:Canadian government
4806:Politics of Canada
4590:Dominican Republic
4002:Dialogue principle
3962:Pith and substance
3831:King-in-Parliament
3756:Part VII – General
3453:Manitoba Act, 1870
3358:Trade and commerce
3290:Quebec Resolutions
3228:Quebec Act of 1774
3010:Crown corporations
2969:King-in-Parliament
2668:Monarchy in Canada
2323:Federal Government
1355:Archived from the
1209:The Globe and Mail
882:Politics of Canada
660:
657:head of government
452:Monarchy of Canada
424:Trudeau Government
409:federal government
359:confidence motions
311:head of government
217:administration of
56:Federal government
4783:
4782:
4672:other territories
4504:
4503:
4495:Canada portal
4338:
4337:
4086:
4085:
4065:Canada portal
4048:
4047:
4010:
4009:
3935:
3934:
3912:Meech Lake Accord
3885:
3884:
3875:Royal prerogative
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3481:
3480:
3458:Alberta Act, 1905
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3258:
3257:
3250:Act of Union 1840
3127:
3126:
3088:Thrones of Canada
3030:Royal commissions
2974:King-on-the-Bench
2634:
2633:
2539:Natural Resources
2474:Canadian Heritage
2417:
2277:978-0-7766-0658-3
2245:978-0-7766-0617-0
2213:978-1-55238-046-8
2206:, Frederick Lee,
2178:978-0-662-46012-1
2165:A Crown of Maples
2160:MacLeod, Kevin S.
2140:978-1-4426-0047-8
2108:978-1-55111-504-7
2076:978-1-55111-779-9
2045:978-0-8020-6703-6
2007:978-1-58477-881-3
1976:978-1-86287-700-9
1951:978-1-4597-0084-0
1875:978-1-108-57332-0
1749:978-0-458-95950-1
1631:on 9 October 2006
1575:978-0-458-95950-1
1531:on 28 August 2011
1494:978-0-662-39689-5
1309:978-1-100-11096-7
1125:978-0-19-543103-2
1038:978-1-100-11529-0
1022:(February 2009),
925:Cabinet of Canada
844:Government portal
778:royal prerogative
768:Cabinet of Canada
622:, staffed by the
548:orders-in-Council
540:royal sign-manual
529:royal prerogative
446:Role of the Crown
432:Harper Government
278:Westminster-style
199:
198:
16:(Redirected from
4818:
4740:Saint Barthélemy
4670:Dependencies and
4543:Sovereign states
4531:
4524:
4517:
4508:
4507:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4478:
4477:
4396:British Columbia
4365:
4358:
4351:
4342:
4341:
4290:Courts of Appeal
4139:Federal statutes
4113:
4106:
4099:
4090:
4089:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4016:
4015:
3997:Purposive theory
3941:
3940:
3891:
3890:
3826:Fusion of powers
3790:
3789:
3528:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3508:Victoria Charter
3487:
3486:
3433:
3432:
3341:
3340:
3308:
3307:
3264:
3263:
3192:
3191:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3051:Crown Collection
2661:
2654:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2559:Veterans Affairs
2534:National Defence
2413:
2409:Elections Canada
2366:Central agencies
2352:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2306:Official website
2292:
2291:
2289:
2260:
2259:
2257:
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2227:
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2196:
2195:
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2187:
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2091:
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2088:
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2052:
2033:
2022:
2021:
2019:
1980:
1979:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1916:10.21991/cf29384
1894:
1888:
1887:
1858:
1852:
1832:
1823:
1822:
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1794:
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1727:
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1620:
1614:
1585:
1579:
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1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1504:on 25 March 2009
1503:
1497:. Archived from
1486:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1366:
1360:
1359:on 17 June 2010.
1354:
1353:
1351:
1341:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1316:on 18 March 2010
1312:. Archived from
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1260:
1251:
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1248:
1246:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1222:
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1047:
1041:, archived from
1030:
1016:
1010:
1004:
995:
994:
992:
990:
971:
954:
943:King–Byng Affair
934:
928:
917:Responsibilities
913:
846:
841:
840:
832:
827:
826:
825:
782:House of Commons
708:general election
680:House of Commons
589:
578:
521:governor general
486:
468:
399:executive branch
387:House of Commons
319:House of Commons
295:governor general
288:
195:
192:
170:House of Commons
132:Governor General
106:
104:
103:
91:
89:
68:
57:
37:
32:
31:
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4826:
4825:
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4330:Call to the bar
4304:
4295:Superior Courts
4259:
4189:
4148:
4122:
4117:
4087:
4082:
4059:
4057:
4044:
4021:
4006:
3948:
3931:
3907:Triple-E Senate
3898:
3881:
3853:Question Period
3797:
3772:
3751:
3735:
3719:
3517:
3494:
3477:
3438:
3415:
3378:
3372:
3345:
3339:
3306:
3271:
3254:
3199:
3186:
3163:
3158:
3128:
3123:
3097:
3083:Title and style
3078:Special address
3034:
3005:Crown copyright
2993:
2964:King-in-Council
2950:
2788:
2740:
2670:
2665:
2635:
2630:
2616:Passport Canada
2594:
2568:
2457:
2404:Auditor General
2392:
2361:
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2304:
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2300:
2295:
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2278:
2255:
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2191:
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2179:
2168:
2150:
2148:
2141:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2017:
2015:
2008:
1989:
1987:Further reading
1984:
1983:
1977:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1936:
1932:
1895:
1891:
1876:
1859:
1855:
1843:Wayback Machine
1833:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1726:, The Executive
1722:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1688:
1684:
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1254:
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1227:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1141:"About Cabinet"
1137:
1133:
1126:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1048:on 11 June 2011
1045:
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1005:
998:
988:
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910:
905:
900:
842:
835:
828:
823:
821:
818:
770:
764:
740:King-in-Council
722:
716:
706:or defeat in a
684:political party
678:of the elected
642:
636:
616:King-in-Council
602:
601:
600:
599:
592:
591:
590:
581:
580:
579:
568:
510:King-in-Council
497:
496:
495:
494:
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487:
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478:
469:
458:
450:Main articles:
448:
373:Under Canada's
371:
323:governing party
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120:
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4705:Cayman Islands
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4209:
4208:
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4195:
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4177:
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4167:
4165:Administrative
4162:
4160:Constitutional
4156:
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4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
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4130:
4128:
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4011:
4008:
4007:
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4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
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3879:
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3877:
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3857:
3856:
3855:
3848:Interpellation
3845:
3840:
3838:Implied repeal
3835:
3834:
3833:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3786:
3785:
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3036:
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3027:
3022:
3020:King's Printer
3017:
3015:King's Consent
3012:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2956:Constitutional
2952:
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4765:Sint Maarten
4745:Saint Martin
4569:
4486:
4479:
4436:Saskatchewan
4371:
4134:Constitution
4120:Canadian law
4075:
4056:
3363:Criminal law
3344:Powers under
3071:2000–present
2979:King's peace
2779:Elizabeth II
2286:, retrieved
2266:
2254:, retrieved
2234:
2222:, retrieved
2202:
2190:, retrieved
2164:
2149:, retrieved
2129:
2117:, retrieved
2097:
2085:, retrieved
2065:
2056:
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2029:
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1966:
1960:
1940:
1933:
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1892:
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1862:Twomey, Anne
1856:
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1806:
1802:
1792:
1787:, p. 16
1785:MacLeod 2015
1780:
1773:MacLeod 2015
1753:. Retrieved
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1685:
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1629:the original
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1550:MacLeod 2015
1545:
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1529:the original
1518:
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1499:the original
1480:
1470:
1465:, p. 17
1463:MacLeod 2015
1458:
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1371:
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1267:
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1228:
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1213:the original
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1103:
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1024:
1014:
1009:, p. 18
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989:11 September
987:. Retrieved
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932:
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377:, the terms
372:
363:royal assent
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176:Headquarters
128:Appointed by
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4735:Puerto Rico
4645:Saint Lucia
4595:El Salvador
4445:Territories
4416:Nova Scotia
4194:Other areas
3982:Living tree
3977:Paramountcy
3795:Conventions
3449:, 1867–1982
3335:Section 125
3330:Section 121
3061:Royal tours
2784:Charles III
2769:Edward VIII
1775:, p. 8
1650:Brooks 2007
1268:The Monitor
1093:17 November
979:lop.parl.ca
523:(currently
472:Charles III
369:Terminology
351:money bills
331:conventions
305:(currently
297:(currently
286:Charles III
231:the Cabinet
221:. The term
81:Established
4790:Categories
4730:Montserrat
4725:Martinique
4720:Guadeloupe
4575:Costa Rica
4318:Law school
4300:Provincial
4206:Indigenous
4201:Aboriginal
4153:Core areas
3492:Patriation
3379:Section 92
3346:Section 91
2759:Edward VII
2621:PPP Canada
2288:25 October
2256:25 October
2224:25 October
2151:25 October
2119:25 October
2087:25 October
2051:14 January
2018:25 October
1884:1030593191
1707:15 January
1403:, Ottawa,
1278:23 January
898:References
676:confidence
672:convention
626:, and the
558:formed in
525:Mary Simon
490:Mary Simon
379:government
349:, such as
315:confidence
299:Mary Simon
233:) and the
142:Main organ
136:Mary Simon
88:1867-07-01
4715:Greenland
4630:Nicaragua
4605:Guatemala
4384:Provinces
4310:Education
4243:Trademark
4233:Copyright
3386:Licensing
3066:1786–1999
2774:George VI
2676:The Crown
2554:Transport
2192:2 October
1925:1927-4165
1909:(3): 14.
1440:(3): 12.
1083:0024-9262
1075:Maclean's
961:Citations
800:hold the
690:, led by
604:The term
501:sovereign
309:) is the
245:) and is
241:(French:
4680:Anguilla
4615:Honduras
4585:Dominica
4560:Barbados
4481:Category
4401:Manitoba
4255:Maritime
4185:Property
4175:Contract
4170:Criminal
4077:Category
3540:Preamble
3325:Preamble
2794:Viceroys
2764:George V
2754:Victoria
2746:Monarchs
2282:archived
2250:archived
2218:archived
2183:archived
2162:(2015),
2145:archived
2113:archived
2081:archived
2012:archived
1864:(2018).
1839:Archived
1811:Archived
1701:archived
1693:(1867),
1691:Victoria
1678:original
1599:original
1478:(2005).
1442:Archived
1405:archived
1377:archived
1357:original
1296:(2008).
1272:Archived
1239:Archived
1219:26 April
1185:20 April
1179:Archived
1155:15 April
1149:Archived
1087:Archived
983:Archived
816:See also
696:majority
407:and the
353:and the
159:de facto
76:Overview
4710:Curaçao
4695:Bonaire
4690:Bermuda
4620:Jamaica
4600:Grenada
4555:Bahamas
4457:Nunavut
4421:Ontario
4391:Alberta
4127:Sources
3102:Related
2599:Defunct
2529:Justice
2373:Finance
1755:12 June
786:Cabinet
762:Cabinet
734:of the
560:Cabinet
505:monarch
347:motions
317:of the
249:as the
215:federal
186:Website
155:Cabinet
150:de jure
96:Country
86: (
4635:Panama
4625:Mexico
4570:Canada
4565:Belize
4431:Quebec
4283:Appeal
4265:Courts
4238:Patent
4218:Family
3246:(1839)
3240:(1838)
2504:Health
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2242:
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2073:
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2004:
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1817:17 May
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1411:22 May
1383:22 May
1350:22 May
1320:17 May
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1122:
1081:
1052:5 July
1035:
921:Note 1
919:' and
877:.gc.ca
793:advice
752:reigns
732:advice
343:Senate
219:Canada
207:French
191:canada
180:Ottawa
114:Leader
108:Canada
105:
43:French
4685:Aruba
4610:Haiti
4462:Yukon
2998:Legal
2186:(PDF)
2169:(PDF)
1502:(PDF)
1485:(PDF)
1340:(PDF)
1245:9 May
1046:(PDF)
1029:(PDF)
915:See '
903:Notes
519:—the
301:). A
4755:Saba
4580:Cuba
4374:(by
4180:Tort
3625:16.1
2932:List
2920:List
2908:List
2896:List
2884:List
2872:List
2860:List
2848:List
2836:List
2824:List
2807:List
2290:2020
2272:ISBN
2258:2020
2240:ISBN
2226:2020
2208:ISBN
2194:2021
2173:ISBN
2153:2020
2135:ISBN
2121:2020
2103:ISBN
2089:2020
2071:ISBN
2053:2011
2040:ISBN
2020:2020
2002:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1921:ISSN
1880:OCLC
1870:ISBN
1819:2009
1757:2010
1744:ISBN
1709:2009
1637:2009
1607:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1537:2009
1510:2008
1489:ISBN
1450:2009
1413:2020
1385:2020
1352:2020
1322:2009
1304:ISBN
1280:2011
1247:2011
1221:2011
1187:2023
1157:2020
1120:ISBN
1095:2009
1079:ISSN
1054:2009
1033:ISBN
991:2020
756:rule
655:and
546:and
454:and
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