895:
1313:, argued that both Parliament and the Cabinet had become overshadowed by prime ministerial power. Savoie quoted an anonymous minister from the Liberal Party as saying Cabinet had become "a kind of focus group for the prime minister," while Simpson called cabinet a "mini-sounding board". Coyne wrote in 2015: "Cabinet does not matter It does not govern: that is the job of the prime minister and of the group of political staff he has around him, and of the bureaucracy beyond them." John Robson criticised the use of the prime minister's name to identify the Cabinet, calling it a "bad habit" that "endorses while concealing the swollen pretension of the executive branch."
1406:.) Ministers of state had previously represented a second order within the Cabinet (determined by a lower salary as defined by the Salaries Act, despite the Ministries and Ministers of State Act giving them full authority for any government function delegated to them. However, after details of the aforementioned orders-in-council were published, the new Cabinet stated its intent for there to "be no levels of Cabinet members" and it would table in Parliament amendments to the salary statutes, but also that the new ministers would continue to work with the existing departments rather than forming new ones.
3105:
684:
1058:, was the body that set the strategic directions for the government under Stephen Harper, approving key appointments and ratifying committee memberships. This committee ceased to exist under Justin Trudeau. Other Cabinet committees common across committee structures include operations, social affairs, a committee focused on economic growth, foreign affairs and security, the environment, and energy security. Each committee is chaired by a senior minister whose own portfolio may intersect with the mandate of the committee.
22:
1543:
1125:
1008:
72:
696:
956:), or similar scenario, the governor general's judgment about the most suitable candidate for prime minister must be brought into play. The prime minister thereafter heads the Cabinet. The King is informed by his viceroy of the acceptance of the resignation of a prime minister and the swearing-in of a new ministry and he remains fully briefed through regular communications from his Canadian ministers and holds audience with them whenever possible.
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1507:. This is the first major cabinet shuffle of Trudeau's tenure as Prime Minister and resembled a cabinet after a new government is sworn in with how many significant changes were made. Notably, Southwestern Ontario was left without representation in a critical economic region. There have been no Ministers from Southwest Ontario since
1027:, the size and structure of the Canadian Cabinet is relatively malleable, the slate of Cabinet positions tending to be substantially restructured periodically, the last major period of realignment occurring between 1993 and 1996. Throughout the 20th century, cabinets had been expanding in size until the Cabinet chaired by
1370:
The swearing-in of the new
Cabinet also marked the first gender-balanced Cabinet in Canada's history, wherein an equal number of female and male ministers (15 of each, including the Prime Minister) were appointed. Trudeau has continued to maintain a gender-balanced Cabinet throughout several Cabinet
3145:
said of this: "in Canada, the head of state can, in exceptional circumstances, protect
Parliament and the people against a prime minister and ministers who may forget that 'minister' means 'servant' and may try to make themselves masters. For example, the head of state could refuse to let a Cabinet
1281:
All
Cabinet meetings are held behind closed doors and the minutes are kept confidential for 30 years, Cabinet members being forbidden from discussing what transpires. Decisions made must be unanimous; though, this often occurs at the prime minister's direction and, once a decision has been reached,
1205:
basis, fulfilling tasks created and dissolved to suit short-term government priorities from within a department under a full minister of the Crown. Ministers of state may also be named, but not specified any particular responsibilities, thus giving them the effective appearance of ministers without
3150:
commented: "The governor general must take all steps necessary to thwart the will of a ruthless prime minister prematurely calling for the death of a
Parliament." Robert E. Hawkins summed up, "the governor general's role in times of crisis is to ensure that normal democratic discourse can resume.
1004:. Efforts are further made to indulge interest groups that support the incumbent government and the party's internal politics must be appeased. It is not legally necessary for Cabinet members to have a position in parliament although they are almost always selected from the House of Commons.
1188:, who have no corresponding department and some ministers, such as the minister for international cooperation, head agencies under the umbrella of a department run by another minister. Further, the prime minister may recommend the governor general appoint to Cabinet some
1200:
in Canada are considered full members of
Cabinet, rather than of the ministry outside it, which has the effect of making the Canadian Cabinet much larger than its foreign counterparts. These individuals are assigned specific, but temporary, responsibilities on a more
929:, the ministerial advice tendered is typically binding; though, it is important to note that the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown, not to any of the ministers, and the royal and viceregal figures may unilaterally use these powers in exceptional
1176:
does not follow the same pattern, however, with ministers being listed in the order of their appointment to the Privy
Council; if appointed on the same day, the individuals are placed in order of their election or appointment to Parliament.
1247:, this leads to Cabinet having almost total control over the legislative agenda of the House of Commons. Further, under the constitution, all legislation involving the raising or spending of public revenue must originate from the Cabinet.
2706:
1468:
1430:
1282:
all
Cabinet members must publicly support it. If any of these rules are violated, the offending minister is usually removed by the prime minister and, if the disagreement within the Cabinet is strong, a minister may resign, as did
1964:
3176:
Savoie offered the critique: "Cabinet has now joined
Parliament as an institution being bypassed. Real political debate and decision-making are increasingly elsewhere—in federal-provincial meetings of first ministers, on
5169:
1050:, overseeing the expenditure of the sovereign's state funds within every department, is one of the most important of these. The structure of Cabinet fluctuates between and within ministries. For example, the
1409:
On July 18, 2018, Trudeau reshuffled
Cabinet. This included adding five new ministry positions, expanding the size of Cabinet 35. The Prime Minister shuffled Cabinet again on October 26, 2021, following the
5795:
5765:
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972:. While there are no legal qualifications of the potential ministers, there are a number of conventions that are expected to be followed. For instance, there is typically a minister from each
5770:
2402:
1337:; it is generally regarded as a "government in waiting". Its members are often, but not always, appointed to a Cabinet post, should the leader of their party be called to form a government.
4526:
2980:
1738:
3146:
dissolve a newly elected House of
Commons before it could even meet, or could refuse to let ministers bludgeon the people into submission by a continuous series of general elections," and
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Ministers' positions in the order of precedence are determined as follows: the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, the remaining ministers in order that they were sworn into the
2926:
5079:
2198:
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5044:
3077:
793:, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of November 2015 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.
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559:
338:
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3047:
5775:
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2920:
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1830:
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4406:
4141:
3083:
3017:
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2974:
2842:
2006:
1181:
309:
3041:
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3189:, and in international organizations and international summits. There is no indication that the one person who holds all the cards, the prime minister, and the
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3320:
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1897:
1511:
was removed from cabinet in 2021. Trudeau's government is one of the first in decades to not have cabinet representation from the deeper Southwest of Ontario.
1039:
eliminated approximately 10 members of the ministry from the Cabinet, so that, by 1994, there were a total of 23 persons in Cabinet. Under the chairmanship of
3973:
879:, the day-to-day operation of government is guided only by a sub-group of the Privy Council made up of individuals who hold seats in Parliament. This body of
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211:
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For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since
5705:
5134:
3996:
2884:
2790:
1456:
1399:
1266:, and other officials are appointed by the Crown-in-Council; though, some of these may be made only by the Governor General-in-Council, specifically.
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3071:
3004:
2932:
2086:
1391:
363:
287:
3522:
1329:, with each member thereof observing and critiquing one or more corresponding, actual Cabinet portfolios and offering alternative policies. The
5129:
4827:
4787:
3817:
3461:
Hawkins, Robert E. (2013), ""Inefficient efficiency": The Use of Vice-Regal Reserve Powers", in Jackson, D. Michael; Lagassé, Philippe (eds.),
2848:
2031:
282:
5549:
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1976:
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Composed of advisors to the sovereign, the Cabinet has significant power in the Canadian system and, as the governing party usually holds a
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89:
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Each minister of the Crown is responsible for the general administration of at least one government portfolio and heads a corresponding
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324:
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However, the Cabinet's collective influence has been seen to be eclipsed by that of the prime minister alone. Former Prime Minister
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2223:
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304:
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3495:
1043:, the number increased again to 39, in the vicinity of which it has remained. The Trudeau Cabinet comprised 37 ministers in 2021.
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portfolio, or be delegated problems or initiatives that cut across departmental boundaries, a situation usually described as
518:
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in the legislature, almost all bills proposed by the Cabinet are enacted. Combined with a comparatively small proportion of
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1805:
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216:
129:
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as the King's delegate. However, the Privy Council—composed mostly of former members of parliament, current and former
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184:
28:
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1141:
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729:
4092:
5209:
5114:
5009:
4970:
3349:"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence"
2248:
1939:
1614:
1504:
790:
277:
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1986:
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with a plurality of seats in that house. But, when no party or coalition holds a majority (referred to as a
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groups, female ministers, and, while the majority of those chosen to serve as ministers of the Crown are
722:
652:
632:
488:
200:
4385:"Trudeau adds 5 new ministers in cabinet shakeup that puts focus on seniors, border security | CBC News"
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which enable him to bring effective political authority to the centre, are about to change things."
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1218:
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40:
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flights, where first ministers can hold informal meetings, in the prime minister's office, in the
1333:
comprises members of the party holding the second-largest number of seats and is appointed by the
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1214:
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922:
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5409:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5377:
5369:
5361:
5353:
5345:
4900:
4736:
3997:"Trudeau shuffles senior ministers, puts Champagne in Innovation and Garneau at Global Affairs"
3906:
3178:
1547:
1360:
1346:
1196:
as Special Representative to the Prairies. Unlike in many other Westminster model governments,
935:
a few duties which must be specifically performed by, or bills that require assent by, the King
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1024:
945:
930:
880:
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4407:"PM Trudeau names new defence, health, foreign affairs ministers in sizable cabinet shakeup"
2707:
Minister responsible for the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
1469:
Minister responsible for the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
1290:
in 2006, over a parliamentary motion recognizing "the Québécois" as a nation within Canada.
154:
5735:
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5625:
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4326:
981:
830:
782:
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642:
260:
84:
8:
5635:
5605:
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5184:
3945:
3439:
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1790:
1523:
1418:
1217:—who will usually answer, on behalf of a minister, questions in the House of Commons—and
637:
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4501:
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1020:
902:
770:
108:
62:
36:
4843:
1192:, which was last done in 2021, when Prime Minister Trudeau advised the appointment of
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Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
2128:
1965:
Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario
1671:
1624:
1527:
1414:
that year, increasing Cabinet's membership to 39, thus upsetting the gender balance.
1001:
965:
906:
872:
531:
4194:"'Because it's 2015': Trudeau forms Canada's 1st gender-balanced cabinet | CBC News"
5630:
4564:
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1515:
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993:
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272:
238:
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1036:
964:
The governor general appoints to the Cabinet persons chosen by the prime minister—
21:
5600:
4666:
4639:
2579:
2484:
1701:
1508:
1500:
1488:
1480:
1402:. (However, the new Minister of La Francophonie was, at the same time, appointed
1302:
997:
953:
937:. Royal assent has never been denied to a bill passed by the federal Parliament.
754:
700:
589:
1815:
504:
3840:
3253:
3164:
2728:
2208:
1594:
1433:
1364:
1326:
1301:(PMO) and, at the end of the 20th century and into the 21st, analysts, such as
1294:
1149:
1047:
1028:
801:
609:
190:
43:
4702:
4142:"Liberals' idea for gender quota in Cabinet leaves out the principle of merit"
3856:
3841:"Worth the Wait: Determinants of Ministerial Appointment in Canada, 1935–2008"
5810:
5514:
4598:
4522:
4046:
3864:
3663:
3156:
3142:
3110:
2780:
1865:
1492:
1476:
1426:
1306:
1287:
1275:
1222:
996:, especially as a representative of a province or region where the governing
969:
688:
1359:, with a majority of seats in the House of Commons. The Cabinet, within the
4668:
Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: An Introduction to Our Form of Government
3316:
2454:
2041:
2016:
1484:
1472:
1032:
898:
32:
4622:
Governing from the Centre: The Concentration of Power in Canadian Politics
3493:
2354:
Minister responsible for the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency
2174:
Minister of Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development
1898:
Minister responsible for the Pacific Economic Development Agency of Canada
1542:
1374:
Initially, five members of Cabinet were appointed by orders-in-council as
4360:"Five Canadian female ministers of state to be full ministers, get raise"
3231:
2800:
2760:
2676:
2554:
2258:
1949:
1495:
were removed from cabinet. A total of over 30 changes were made. Notably
1460:
1452:
1444:
1310:
1283:
1133:
1124:
1040:
1007:
914:
863:, and other elder statesmen—rarely meets in full; as the stipulations of
844:
253:
119:
51:
4452:"Current alphabetical list of members - King's Privy Council for Canada"
3761:
695:
5230:
3431:
3393:(4). Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 23. Archived from
3147:
2338:
1417:
On July 26, 2023. Trudeau re-shuffled cabinet, adding 7 new ministers:
1096: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1046:
Cabinet itself—or full Cabinet—is further divided into committees. The
135:
71:
3931:
3380:"A Tradition of Vigilance: The Role of Lieutenant Governor in Alberta"
2529:
1250:
101:
5170:
Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs
4955:
3755:
3151:
Examples of such actions took place during the viceregal service of
1071:
1193:
1225:
assigned to each ministry in order to tender non-partisan advice.
604:
2475:
Minister responsible for the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
2183:
4733:
4035:"Will the prorogation of Parliament set off a populist revolt?"
3758:"Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing-In of a New Ministry"
1483:
all announced they would not be seeking re-election. Ministers
1202:
5070:
Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development
3878:
2545:
Minister of Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities
3636:
2329:
Minister responsible for Prairies Economic Development Canada
3236:
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
1499:
received a major promotion taking on the Housing file, and
1031:, with a population of 40 ministers. Mulroney's successor,
948:
of the House of Commons; this is usually the leader of the
4121:
3598:
3554:
The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constittuional Monarchy
3467:, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 104,
3325:, 35.1, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1831:
Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard
1286:
in 1975, over the subject of wage and price controls, and
3587:(Summer 2011), Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 19
3286:
2843:
Minister of Border Security and Organized Crime Reduction
2795:
2775:
2755:
2743:
2723:
2711:
2691:
2671:
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2654:
2641:
2629:
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2074:
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2011:
1999:
1994:
1981:
1969:
1957:
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1932:
1919:
1907:
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1619:
1607:
1602:
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5080:
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
5055:
Employment, Workforce Development and Official Languages
871:
the monarch and governor general on how to exercise the
4873:
3690:
3464:
Canada and the Crown: Essays on Constitutional Monarchy
1245:
bills originating with individual members of Parliament
1061:
5557:
4507:(5th ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3785:"The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and Canada"
3678:
2751:
Minister of Families, Children, and Social Development
4072:
4060:
4014:
3734:
1449:
Minister of Families, Children and Social Development
940:
One of the main duties of the Crown is to appoint as
4534:(6th ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada.
4298:
4275:
4252:
4229:
4206:
3944:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
3212:
3100:
1213:
Members of the Cabinet receive assistance from both
2981:
Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources
2415:
Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities
5045:Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities
4643:
4576:(1 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada.
4500:
3282:
3280:
1457:Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada
1235:Prime Minister of Canada § Role and authority
4919:Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (Conservative)
4343:. Justice Laws Canada. April 2005. Archived from
3968:
3716:. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
2304:Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
1463:as the first Minister of Citizen's Services, and
816:is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
5808:
4427:
4169:"Trudeau's menacing promise of electoral reform"
3995:Curry, Bill; Walsh, Marieke (January 12, 2021).
3808:
3578:"Discretion and the Reserve Powers of the Crown"
3496:"The Citizen's Guide to the Alberta Legislature"
3494:Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
2520:Minister for Women and Gender Equality and Youth
2403:Minister of Employment and Workforce Development
2007:Leader of the Government in the House of Commons
1856:President of the King's Privy Council for Canada
1262:Members of various executive agencies, heads of
1182:leader of the government in the House of Commons
5090:Fisheries, Oceans, and the Canadian Coast Guard
4732:
3782:
3277:
3072:Minister responsible for Constitutional Affairs
1254:A meeting of Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister
560:Proposed annexation of Turks and Caicos Islands
4325:. Department of Justice Canada. Archived from
1180:Unique positions in Cabinet are those such as
1156:, while other high-profile ministries include
905:, with her Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister
39:, with his newly sworn-in Cabinet, chaired by
5543:
5246:
4971:
4859:
4718:
3498:. Queen's Printer for Alberta. Archived from
1977:Minister of Innovation, Science, and Industry
1636:
1382:in their titles. These were the Ministers of
1148:. The most important minister, following the
730:
234:Provincial and territorial executive councils
4603:The Governor General and the Prime Ministers
4498:
3816:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
3760:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
3662:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
3642:
3353:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
3315:
3287:Marleau, Robert; Montpetit, Camille (2000).
3124:Structure of the Canadian federal government
3078:Minister of Multiculturalism and Citizenship
3066:Minister of Industry, Science and Technology
2927:Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment
1438:Minister of Mental Health and Addictions and
1297:is credited with consolidating power in the
968:once half-jokingly listed his occupation as
4499:Dawson, R. MacGregor; Dawson, W.F. (1989).
3901:
3899:
3238:(ed.), "Relations With the United States",
1751:Minister of Public Services and Procurement
1278:issued by the King or Governor-in-Council.
944:the individual most likely to maintain the
5550:
5536:
5253:
5239:
4978:
4964:
4866:
4852:
4725:
4711:
3994:
3907:"Cabinet Committee Mandate and Membership"
3814:"Information Resources > About Cabinet"
3756:Office of the Governor-General of Canada.
2999:Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs
2279:Minister of Environment and Climate Change
1258:, in the Privy Council Chamber, April 1953
959:
737:
723:
5075:Families, Children and Social Development
4597:
4484:(6th ed.). Oxford University Press.
4299:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
4276:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
4253:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
4230:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
4207:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
3938:Cabinet Committee Mandates and Membership
3604:
3048:Minister of Regional Industrial Expansion
1112:Learn how and when to remove this message
883:is the Cabinet, which has come to be the
5260:
4664:
4624:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
4026:
3896:
3711:"As David Johnson Enters Rideau Hall..."
3684:
3252:
3240:Documents on Canadian External Relations
3036:Minister of Industry, Trade and Commerce
2945:Minister of Pensions and National Health
2921:Minister of Immigration and Colonization
2791:Minister of Justice and Attorney General
2719:Minister of Mental Health and Addictions
2224:Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
1249:
1123:
1006:
893:
800:. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of
20:
5110:Housing, Infrastructure and Communities
4638:
4563:
4341:"Ministries and Ministers of State Act"
4127:
3551:
3520:
3460:
3377:
3293:House of Commons Procedure and Practice
3218:
3084:Minister of Human Resources Development
3060:Minister of National Health and Welfare
3018:Minister of Regional Economic Expansion
2993:Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources
2975:Minister of Citizenship and Immigration
2963:Minister of Mines and Technical Surveys
2915:Secretary of State for External Affairs
1915:Minister of Sport and Physical Activity
808:. The interchangeable use of the terms
380:Courts of the Provinces and Territories
16:Canadian body of ministers of the Crown
5809:
5025:Associate Minister of National Defence
4693:Reference to current cabinet ministers
4619:
4521:
4479:
4166:
4115:
4090:
4078:
4066:
4032:
4020:
3974:"Federal government > The ministry"
3933:Office of the Prime Minister of Canada
3740:
3708:
3696:
3529:. University of Regina. Archived from
3418:
3340:
3295:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada.
3042:Minister of Employment and Immigration
3005:Leader of the Government in the Senate
2933:Minister of Customs and Inland Revenue
2637:Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations
2503:Minister of Rural Economic Development
2087:Associate Minister of National Defence
1423:Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations
1128:The 16th Canadian Ministry, headed by
824:
339:Provincial and territorial parliaments
5531:
5234:
5120:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
4985:
4959:
4847:
4706:
4650:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
4357:
4323:"Salaries Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. S-3)"
4139:
4133:
3845:Canadian Journal of Political Science
3838:
3751:
3749:
3230:
2969:Minister of Resources and Development
2891:Superintendent-General Indian Affairs
2032:Minister of International Development
1739:Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs
1662:Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food
1404:Minister of International Development
1378:, but styled without the traditional
1186:president of the King's Privy Council
3925:
3523:"Bastedo, Frank Lindsay (1886–1973)"
3430:
2987:Minister of Manpower and Immigration
2849:Secretary of State for the Provinces
2835:
1371:shuffles during his time in office.
1357:federal election of October 19, 2015
1331:Official Opposition's shadow cabinet
1094:adding citations to reliable sources
1065:
1062:Ministers, secretaries, and deputies
5220:Women and Gender Equality and Youth
3575:
3346:
3170:
3024:Minister of Economic Communications
1722:Minister of Democratic Institutions
1505:the Department of Canadian Heritage
1392:Sport and Persons with Disabilities
1363:, was sworn in on November 4, with
1228:
851:; what is technically known as the
13:
5558:National cabinets of North America
4358:Smith, Joanna (November 6, 2015).
3746:
3359:(3). Perth: Murdoch University: 12
3136:
1881:Minister of Emergency Preparedness
1340:
1316:
14:
5843:
4698:Cabinet Minister responsibilities
4686:
4167:Robson, John (November 2, 2015).
4033:Geddes, John (January 25, 2009).
3839:Kerby, Matthew (September 2009).
3709:Forsey, Helen (October 1, 2010).
1606:
1052:Priorities and Planning Committee
992:, a cabinet sometimes includes a
407:Peace, order, and good government
5671:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5125:Innovation, Science and Industry
4901:29th Canadian Ministry (Liberal)
3556:, Toronto: Dundurn, p. 14,
3527:The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
3103:
2885:Minister of Marine and Fisheries
1541:
1070:
867:require that those who directly
694:
682:
70:
50:(Elizabeth's 13th and last), at
5175:Public Services and Procurement
4749:King's Privy Council for Canada
4528:How Canadians Govern Themselves
4503:Democratic Government in Canada
4444:
4421:
4399:
4377:
4351:
4333:
4315:
4292:
4269:
4246:
4223:
4200:
4186:
4160:
4140:Coyne, Andrew (June 30, 2015).
4109:
4091:Savoie, Donald (May 12, 2010),
4084:
3988:
3962:
3871:
3832:
3802:
3776:
3728:
3702:
3648:
3610:
3569:
3545:
3514:
3487:
3454:
3378:Neitsch, Alfred Thomas (2008).
3262:, III.9 & 11, Westminster:
3030:Minister of Supply and Services
2957:Minister of Mines and Resources
2826:King's Privy Council for Canada
2818:
2249:President of the Treasury Board
1940:Minister of Indigenous Services
1615:Deputy Prime Minister of Canada
1081:needs additional citations for
1021:Westminster-derived governments
787:King's Privy Council for Canada
769:, and within the tenets of the
555:Canada–European Union relations
288:Opposition Leader in the Senate
283:Government Leader in the Senate
5065:Environment and Climate Change
3660:The Governor General of Canada
3424:
3412:
3371:
3309:
3246:
3224:
3090:Minister of Defence Production
2939:Minister of Customs and Excise
2667:Minister of Citizens' Services
2373:Minister of Official Languages
1323:His Majesty's Loyal Opposition
875:be accountable to the elected
819:
789:and the senior echelon of the
550:Canada–Latin America relations
451:Provincial electoral districts
412:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
320:His Majesty's Loyal Opposition
315:Opposition Leader in the house
310:Government Leader in the house
212:President of the Privy Council
1:
5817:Ministerial offices in Canada
4605:. Vancouver: Ronsdale Press.
3585:Canadian Parliamentary Review
3387:Canadian Parliamentary Review
3200:
2879:Secretary of State for Canada
2570:Minister of Canadian Heritage
1526:following the resignation of
1367:appointed as prime minister.
5832:Westminster system in Canada
5796:United States Virgin Islands
5145:Mental Health and Addictions
5060:Energy and Natural Resources
5020:Associate Minister of Health
4432:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4303:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4301:"Order in Council 2015-1229"
4280:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4278:"Order in Council 2015-1228"
4257:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4255:"Order in Council 2015-1227"
4234:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4232:"Order in Council 2015-1226"
4211:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4209:"Order in Council 2015-1225"
3976:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3552:Jackson, D. Michael (2018),
3436:"Boxing in a Prime Minister"
3347:Cox, Noel (September 2002).
3289:"Parliamentary Institutions"
3205:
2739:Associate Minister of Health
2361:Minister of Northern Affairs
2144:Minister of National Defence
2057:Minister of Veterans Affairs
1781:Minister of National Revenue
1554:Canadian order of precedence
1441:Associate Minister of Health
1299:Office of the Prime Minister
1011:A meeting of the Cabinet of
600:Indigenous Peoples in Canada
573:Crown and Indigenous peoples
7:
5195:Sport and Physical Activity
4788:Newfoundland & Labrador
4409:. CTVNews. October 26, 2021
3626:Library and Archives Canada
3119:List of Canadian ministries
3096:
1987:François-Philippe Champagne
1806:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1532:
1431:Minister of Small Business
1190:ministers without portfolio
1130:William Lyon Mackenzie King
1054:, often referred to as the
1013:William Lyon Mackenzie King
933:situations. There are also
434:Federal electoral districts
201:List of Canadian ministries
10:
5848:
5180:Rural Economic Development
5040:Crown–Indigenous Relations
4671:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
4473:
4041:. Toronto: Kenneth Whyte.
2873:Minister of Inland Revenue
2771:Minister of Small Business
1772:
1388:Small Business and Tourism
1344:
1274:are also called through a
1232:
1035:, reduced this number and
833:, formally referred to as
585:Aboriginal self-government
217:Clerk of the Privy Council
5771:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5689:
5563:
5508:
5268:
5130:International Development
5015:Agriculture and Agri-Food
4993:
4937:
4909:
4891:
4882:
4766:Provinces and Territories
4743:
4665:Tidridge, Nathan (2011).
4646:The Friendly Dictatorship
3857:10.1017/s0008423909990424
3521:Jackson, Michael (2006).
3153:the Viscount Byng of Vimy
2732:
2727:
2700:
2695:
2658:
2653:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2494:
2488:
2483:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2270:
2165:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2065:
1998:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1869:
1864:
1730:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1692:Minister of Public Safety
1628:
1623:
1552:(Listed according to the
1540:
1535:
1215:parliamentary secretaries
658:Provinces and territories
456:Politics of the provinces
444:List of federal elections
141:Monarchy in the provinces
5791:Turks and Caicos Islands
4885:44th Canadian Parliament
4480:Brooks, Stephen (2009).
3911:Prime Minister of Canada
3883:Prime Minister of Canada
3643:Dawson & Dawson 1989
3129:
2897:Minister of the Interior
2855:Minister of Public Works
1585:Prime Minister of Canada
1335:leader of the Opposition
913:(Elizabeth's third), at
861:chief justices of Canada
847:acting on the advice of
836:His Majesty's Government
439:Federal electoral system
325:Leader of the Opposition
5100:Government House Leader
4620:Savoie, Donald (1999).
2697:Soraya Martinez Ferrada
2067:Ginette Petitpas Taylor
1465:Soraya Martinez Ferrada
1353:Liberal Party of Canada
1146:departments or agencies
960:Selection and structure
923:constitutional monarchy
804:, which is part of the
580:Canadian Aboriginal law
371:Chief Justice of Canada
185:List of prime ministers
5721:British Virgin Islands
5050:Emergency Preparedness
4428:Parliament of Canada.
3618:"The Governor General"
3259:Constitution Act, 1867
1548:29th Canadian Ministry
1361:29th Canadian Ministry
1347:29th Canadian Ministry
1259:
1142:ministry or ministries
1137:
1016:
927:responsible government
918:
911:19th Canadian Ministry
881:ministers of the Crown
865:responsible government
785:is a committee of the
763:ministers of the Crown
758:
515:Diplomatic missions of
207:29th Canadian Ministry
55:
48:29th Canadian Ministry
5661:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5010:Deputy Prime Minister
4828:Northwest Territories
3970:Library of Parliament
3783:The Royal Household.
3438:. CBC. Archived from
3234:(November 10, 1952),
3187:Department of Finance
3161:Frank Lindsay Bastedo
2951:Minister of Fisheries
2099:Minister of Transport
1253:
1144:, known in Canada as
1127:
1025:United States Cabinet
1010:
990:members of Parliament
931:constitutional crisis
897:
765:that, along with the
496:Global Affairs Canada
278:Speaker of the Senate
24:
5822:Government of Canada
5262:Ministries of Canada
4876:Parliament of Canada
4808:Prince Edward Island
4430:"Ministry (Cabinet)"
4093:"Who has the power?"
3935:(October 30, 2008),
3810:Privy Council Office
3232:Wrong, Humphrey Hume
3183:Privy Council Office
3054:Minister of Forestry
1132:, on the grounds of
1090:improve this article
831:Government of Canada
775:government of Canada
476:Municipal government
305:Speaker of the house
222:Privy Council Office
175:King’s Privy Council
146:Lieutenant governors
5676:Trinidad and Tobago
5571:Antigua and Barbuda
5115:Indigenous Services
3820:on February 2, 2009
3666:on January 23, 2021
3632:on August 11, 2009.
3622:By Executive Decree
3576:Russell, Peter H.,
3442:on January 20, 2011
3400:on October 25, 2012
2867:Minister of Customs
2687:Minister of Tourism
2647:Gary Anandasangaree
2625:Minister of Seniors
1841:Diane Lebouthillier
1791:Marie-Claude Bibeau
1645:Minister of Finance
1524:Minister of Seniors
1419:Gary Anandasangaree
1174:order of precedence
1154:minister of finance
855:, referring to the
853:Governor-in-Council
825:Governor-in-Council
701:Politics portal
590:First Nations bands
266:List of parliaments
5611:Dominican Republic
5035:Citizens' Services
4945:Opposition Critics
4762:Executive Councils
4737:executive councils
4482:Canadian democracy
4329:on March 25, 2012.
4130:, p. 248 248.
4097:The Globe and Mail
4001:The Globe and Mail
3656:"Responsibilities"
3322:Interpretation Act
3256:(March 29, 1867),
2861:Postmaster General
2776:September 30, 1976
2595:Minister of Labour
2480:September 15, 1988
2468:September 14, 2018
2445:Minister of Health
2383:Randy Boissonnault
2234:Jonathan Wilkinson
1920:September 29, 1961
1620:September 16, 1977
1536:Cabinet ministers
1520:Minister of Labour
1514:On July 19, 2024,
1376:ministers of state
1264:Crown corporations
1260:
1198:ministers of state
1138:
1017:
921:In the context of
919:
771:Westminster system
633:Constitutional law
261:Federal parliament
63:Politics of Canada
56:
5827:National cabinets
5804:
5803:
5693:other territories
5525:
5524:
5228:
5227:
5030:Canadian Heritage
4987:Cabinet of Canada
4953:
4952:
4893:Cabinet of Canada
4841:
4840:
4657:978-0-7710-8079-1
4631:978-0-8020-8252-7
4599:McWhinney, Edward
4583:978-0-662-46012-1
4570:A Crown of Maples
4565:MacLeod, Kevin S.
4551:on March 31, 2012
3951:on March 27, 2009
3913:. January 1, 1970
3699:, pp. 4, 34.
3645:, pp. 68–69.
3607:, pp. 16–17.
3563:978-1-4597-4118-8
3502:on March 16, 2007
3474:978-1-55339-204-0
3434:(June 28, 2002).
3319:(April 1, 2005),
3013:
2909:Minister of Mines
2903:Solicitor General
2836:Former portfolios
2809:
2808:
2756:December 12, 2003
2408:November 20, 2019
2378:December 12, 2003
2366:November 20, 2019
2347:November 20, 2019
2289:Steven Guilbeault
2272:November 20, 2019
2137:November 20, 2019
2129:Quebec lieutenant
1672:Lawrence MacAulay
1633:November 20, 2019
1625:Chrystia Freeland
1565:Date of creation
1268:Royal commissions
1241:majority of seats
1122:
1121:
1114:
1023:, but unlike the
976:, ministers from
966:John A. Macdonald
907:Lester B. Pearson
873:Royal Prerogative
849:his Privy Council
777:. Chaired by the
759:Cabinet du Canada
751:Cabinet of Canada
747:
746:
689:Canada portal
653:Political culture
537:Visa requirements
489:Foreign relations
402:Constitution Acts
155:Royal prerogative
54:, 4 November 2015
5839:
5761:Saint Barthélemy
5691:Dependencies and
5564:Sovereign states
5552:
5545:
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5493:
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5469:
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5317:
5309:
5301:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5232:
5231:
5215:Veterans Affairs
5160:Northern Affairs
5155:National Revenue
5150:National Defence
4980:
4973:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4778:British Columbia
4727:
4720:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4682:
4661:
4649:
4640:Simpson, Jeffrey
4635:
4616:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4575:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4550:
4544:. Archived from
4533:
4518:
4506:
4495:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
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4418:
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4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4347:on May 23, 2013.
4337:
4331:
4330:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4273:
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4264:
4262:
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4244:
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4221:
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4197:
4190:
4184:
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4181:
4179:
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4158:
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4125:
4119:
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4107:
4106:
4105:
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4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4030:
4024:
4018:
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4011:
4009:
4007:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3943:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3903:
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3893:
3891:
3889:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3764:on June 16, 2008
3753:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
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3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3652:
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3633:
3628:. Archived from
3614:
3608:
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3242:, 18–867, Ottawa
3228:
3222:
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3194:
3191:central agencies
3174:
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3140:
3113:
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3107:
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3007:
2829:
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2797:
2777:
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2745:
2744:October 26, 2021
2725:
2724:October 26, 2021
2713:
2693:
2673:
2661:
2656:
2643:
2631:
2619:
2614:
2605:Steven MacKinnon
2601:
2589:
2576:
2564:
2551:
2550:October 26, 2021
2539:
2538:October 26, 2021
2526:
2514:
2513:October 26, 2021
2509:
2508:January 14, 2019
2497:
2496:October 26, 2021
2481:
2469:
2464:
2451:
2439:
2438:November 4, 2015
2434:
2433:October 26, 2021
2421:
2409:
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2396:October 26, 2021
2392:
2379:
2367:
2348:
2335:
2334:October 26, 2021
2323:
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2298:
2297:October 26, 2021
2285:
2273:
2268:
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2230:
2229:January 12, 1995
2218:
2205:
2204:October 26, 2021
2193:
2180:
2179:October 26, 2021
2168:
2163:
2150:
2138:
2123:
2122:January 30, 2017
2118:
2105:
2104:November 2, 1936
2093:
2081:
2076:
2063:
2062:October 18, 1944
2051:
2038:
2026:
2013:
2012:October 14, 1944
2001:
2000:January 10, 2017
1996:
1995:January 12, 2021
1983:
1971:
1959:
1958:October 26, 2021
1946:
1934:
1925:Carla Qualtrough
1921:
1909:
1908:October 26, 2021
1904:
1903:October 26, 2021
1892:
1887:
1886:October 26, 2021
1875:
1862:
1850:
1837:
1825:
1824:October 26, 2021
1812:
1811:November 4, 1993
1800:
1787:
1775:
1774:November 4, 2015
1770:
1761:Jean-Yves Duclos
1757:
1745:
1744:October 26, 2021
1733:
1728:
1727:November 4, 2015
1716:
1711:
1698:
1686:
1681:
1668:
1656:
1651:
1639:
1634:
1621:
1609:
1604:
1603:November 4, 2015
1591:
1577:Precedence date
1545:
1533:
1516:Steven MacKinnon
1412:federal election
1272:public inquiries
1256:Louis St Laurent
1229:Responsibilities
1219:deputy ministers
1208:having the file
1117:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1074:
1066:
978:visible minority
877:House of Commons
857:governor general
841:the constitution
839:, is defined by
767:Canadian monarch
739:
732:
725:
699:
698:
687:
686:
685:
469:Local government
447:
367:
364:List of justices
300:House of Commons
293:Senate divisions
269:
204:
188:
133:
125:Governor General
117:
93:
74:
58:
57:
26:Governor General
5847:
5846:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5807:
5806:
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5694:
5692:
5685:
5559:
5556:
5526:
5521:
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5504:
5496:
5488:
5480:
5472:
5464:
5456:
5448:
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5408:
5400:
5392:
5384:
5376:
5368:
5360:
5352:
5344:
5336:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5272:
5264:
5259:
5229:
5224:
5095:Foreign Affairs
4989:
4984:
4954:
4949:
4933:
4905:
4887:
4878:
4874:Benches of the
4872:
4842:
4837:
4755:Federal Cabinet
4739:
4731:
4689:
4679:
4658:
4632:
4613:
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4260:
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4228:
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4205:
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4192:
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4149:
4138:
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4114:
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4099:
4089:
4085:
4077:
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4065:
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4049:
4031:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3993:
3989:
3979:
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3930:
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3916:
3914:
3905:
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3897:
3887:
3885:
3877:
3876:
3872:
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3833:
3823:
3821:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3789:Queen's Printer
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3754:
3747:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3707:
3703:
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3683:
3679:
3669:
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3641:
3637:
3616:
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3603:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3533:on May 24, 2013
3519:
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3341:
3332:
3330:
3329:on July 5, 2009
3314:
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3264:Queen's Printer
3251:
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2838:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2819:
2642:August 28, 2017
2630:January 4, 2011
2618:August 28, 2017
2580:Pascale St-Onge
2485:Gudie Hutchings
2254:October 1, 1966
2217:August 31, 2022
2149:January 1, 1923
2109:Pablo Rodriguez
2080:August 28, 2017
2037:25 January 1996
1945:August 28, 2017
1710:26 October 2021
1702:Dominic LeBlanc
1655:August 18, 2020
1638:4 November 2015
1608:4 November 2015
1574:Minister since
1551:
1546:
1509:Bardish Chagger
1501:Pascale St-Onge
1489:Marco Mendicino
1481:Carolyn Bennett
1400:La Francophonie
1396:Status of Women
1349:
1343:
1341:Current Cabinet
1319:
1317:Shadow cabinets
1303:Jeffrey Simpson
1237:
1231:
1172:. The official
1158:foreign affairs
1118:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1087:
1075:
1064:
982:with disability
962:
954:hung parliament
950:political party
903:Queen of Canada
889:King-in-Council
827:
822:
761:) is a body of
743:
714:
710:Other countries
705:
693:
683:
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673:
672:
623:
615:
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575:
565:
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527:Nationality law
523:
511:
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461:
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429:
419:
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390:Military courts
361:
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344:
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127:
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104:
94:
87:
65:
37:Queen of Canada
31:, representing
17:
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5:
5845:
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5802:
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5799:
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5778:
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5509:
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5502:
5500:(2015–present)
5494:
5486:
5482:Twenty-seventh
5478:
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5226:
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5210:Treasury Board
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5190:Small Business
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
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5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4998:Prime Minister
4994:
4991:
4990:
4983:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4960:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4935:
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4932:
4931:
4929:Bloc Québécois
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
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4722:
4715:
4707:
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4687:External links
4685:
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4071:
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4059:
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4013:
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3895:
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3851:(3): 593–611.
3831:
3801:
3775:
3745:
3743:, p. 234.
3733:
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3165:Judith Guichon
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2209:Filomena Tassi
2206:
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2014:
2009:
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2002:
1997:
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1982:March 29, 1995
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1970:August 3, 1999
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1786:March 21, 1927
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1605:
1600:
1597:
1595:Justin Trudeau
1592:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1538:
1537:
1528:Seamus O'Regan
1518:was appointed
1365:Justin Trudeau
1345:Main article:
1342:
1339:
1327:shadow cabinet
1321:Each party in
1318:
1315:
1295:Pierre Trudeau
1230:
1227:
1223:civil servants
1150:first minister
1136:, 19 June 1945
1120:
1119:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1048:Treasury Board
1029:Brian Mulroney
1019:As with other
1000:won few or no
961:
958:
942:prime minister
909:, part of the
887:in the phrase
826:
823:
821:
818:
802:Justin Trudeau
779:prime minister
745:
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742:
741:
734:
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648:Office-holders
645:
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622:Related topics
621:
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610:Inuit Nunangat
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595:Indigenous law
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385:Federal courts
382:
377:
375:Richard Wagner
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330:Shadow cabinet
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227:Public Service
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191:Justin Trudeau
180:Prime minister
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46:, part of the
44:Justin Trudeau
41:Prime Minister
29:David Johnston
15:
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5515:Canada Portal
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4146:National Post
4143:
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4118:, p. 362
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3687:, p. 57.
3686:
3685:Tidridge 2011
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3255:
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3220:
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3157:John C. Bowen
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3143:Eugene Forsey
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2781:Rechie Valdez
2779:
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2162:July 26, 2023
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2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
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1978:
1975:
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1968:
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1963:
1962:
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1866:Harjit Sajjan
1859:
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1715:July 20, 2004
1708:
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1697:April 4, 2005
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1512:
1510:
1506:
1503:took over at
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:David Lametti
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:Omar Alghabra
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
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1435:
1432:
1428:
1427:Rechie Valdez
1424:
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1307:Donald Savoie
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1288:Michael Chong
1285:
1279:
1277:
1276:royal warrant
1273:
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1095:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1079:This section
1077:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1056:inner Cabinet
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:Jean Chrétien
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
970:cabinet maker
967:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
917:, 1 July 1967
916:
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866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:
832:
817:
815:
811:
807:
806:29th Ministry
803:
799:
798:Confederation
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
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735:
733:
728:
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720:
718:
717:
711:
708:
707:
702:
697:
692:
690:
680:
679:
677:
676:
669:
668:Republicanism
666:
664:
661:
659:
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651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
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477:
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399:
398:
395:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
372:
369:
368:
365:
360:
359:Supreme court
357:
356:
353:
348:
347:
340:
337:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
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303:
302:
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286:
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281:
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270:
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240:
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236:
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232:
228:
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220:
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210:
208:
202:
197:
194:
192:
186:
181:
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177:
176:
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172:
169:
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163:
156:
153:
147:
144:
143:
142:
139:
137:
131:
126:
123:
122:
121:
115:
110:
107:
106:
103:
98:
97:
91:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
73:
69:
68:
64:
60:
59:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
27:
23:
19:
5786:Sint Maarten
5766:Saint Martin
5590:
5513:
5498:Twenty-ninth
5474:Twenty-sixth
5466:Twenty-fifth
5450:Twenty-third
5434:Twenty-first
4986:
4892:
4818:Saskatchewan
4754:
4747:
4667:
4645:
4621:
4602:
4587:. Retrieved
4569:
4553:. Retrieved
4546:the original
4527:
4502:
4481:
4461:September 9,
4459:. Retrieved
4455:
4446:
4436:November 20,
4434:. Retrieved
4423:
4411:. Retrieved
4401:
4389:. Retrieved
4379:
4367:. Retrieved
4364:Toronto Star
4363:
4353:
4345:the original
4335:
4327:the original
4317:
4305:. Retrieved
4294:
4282:. Retrieved
4271:
4259:. Retrieved
4248:
4236:. Retrieved
4225:
4213:. Retrieved
4202:
4188:
4176:. Retrieved
4172:
4162:
4150:. Retrieved
4148:. Post Media
4145:
4135:
4128:Simpson 2001
4123:
4111:
4100:, retrieved
4096:
4086:
4074:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4038:
4028:
4016:
4004:. Retrieved
4000:
3990:
3978:. Retrieved
3964:
3953:, retrieved
3946:the original
3937:
3927:
3915:. Retrieved
3910:
3886:. Retrieved
3882:
3873:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3822:. Retrieved
3818:the original
3804:
3792:. Retrieved
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:the original
3736:
3730:
3718:. Retrieved
3713:
3704:
3692:
3680:
3668:. Retrieved
3664:the original
3659:
3650:
3638:
3630:the original
3621:
3612:
3600:
3589:, retrieved
3584:
3571:
3553:
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3531:the original
3526:
3516:
3504:. Retrieved
3500:the original
3489:
3478:, retrieved
3463:
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3440:the original
3426:
3421:, p. 26
3414:
3402:. Retrieved
3395:the original
3390:
3386:
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3356:
3352:
3342:
3331:, retrieved
3327:the original
3321:
3317:Elizabeth II
3311:
3292:
3268:, retrieved
3258:
3248:
3239:
3226:
3219:MacLeod 2008
3214:
3172:
3138:
2820:
2796:July 1, 1867
2600:June 2, 1909
2455:Mark Holland
2042:Ahmed Hussen
2017:Karina Gould
1861:July 1, 1867
1816:MĂ©lanie Joly
1667:July 1, 1867
1650:July 1, 1867
1590:July 1, 1867
1550:
1513:
1485:Mona Fortier
1473:Joyce Murray
1471:. Ministers
1416:
1408:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1350:
1320:
1292:
1280:
1261:
1238:
1212:
1207:
1179:
1139:
1108:
1099:
1088:Please help
1083:verification
1080:
1055:
1045:
1033:Kim Campbell
1018:
963:
939:
920:
899:Elizabeth II
888:
884:
852:
834:
828:
813:
809:
795:
773:, forms the
750:
748:
628:Conservatism
505:MĂ©lanie Joly
397:Constitution
195:
33:Elizabeth II
18:
5756:Puerto Rico
5666:Saint Lucia
5616:El Salvador
5492:(2006–2015)
5484:(2003–2006)
5476:(1993–2003)
5460:(1984–1993)
5444:(1980–1984)
5436:(1979–1980)
5428:(1968–1979)
5420:(1963–1968)
5412:(1957–1963)
5404:(1948–1957)
5402:Seventeenth
5396:(1935–1948)
5388:(1930–1935)
5380:(1926–1930)
5364:(1921–1926)
5356:(1920–1921)
5348:(1917–1920)
5340:(1911–1917)
5332:(1896–1911)
5316:(1894–1896)
5308:(1892–1894)
5300:(1891–1892)
5292:(1878–1891)
5284:(1873–1878)
5276:(1867–1873)
4798:Nova Scotia
4413:October 26,
4369:November 7,
4307:November 7,
4284:November 7,
4261:November 7,
4238:November 7,
4215:November 7,
4178:November 5,
4116:Savoie 1999
4079:Savoie 1999
4067:Brooks 2009
4052:January 27,
4021:Brooks 2009
3980:October 18,
3955:October 18,
3824:October 18,
3741:Brooks 2009
3720:January 23,
3714:The Monitor
3697:Forsey 2005
3670:October 13,
3591:January 17,
3432:Zolf, Larry
3419:Forsey 2005
3270:January 15,
3179:Team Canada
3086:(1996–2003)
3080:(1991–1996)
3074:(1991–1993)
3068:(1990–1995)
3062:(1944–1996)
3056:(1990–1995)
3050:(1984–1990)
3044:(1977–1996)
3038:(1969–1983)
3032:(1969–1996)
3026:(1969–1996)
3020:(1969–1982)
3014:(1969–2013)
3001:(1968–1995)
2995:(1966–1995)
2989:(1966–1977)
2983:(1953–1966)
2977:(1950–1966)
2971:(1950–1953)
2965:(1950–1966)
2959:(1936–1950)
2953:(1930–1971)
2947:(1928–1944)
2941:(1921–1927)
2935:(1918–1921)
2929:(1918–1928)
2923:(1917–1936)
2917:(1909–1993)
2911:(1907–1936)
2905:(1892–2003)
2899:(1873–1936)
2893:(1868–1936)
2887:(1867–1930)
2881:(1867–1996)
2875:(1867–1918)
2869:(1867–1918)
2863:(1867–1981)
2857:(1867–1996)
2851:(1867–1873)
2845:(2018–2019)
2801:Arif Virani
2761:Jenna Sudds
2729:Ya'ara Saks
2677:Terry Beech
2555:Kamal Khera
2425:Sean Fraser
2314:Marc Miller
2259:Anita Anand
1950:Patty Hajdu
1497:Sean Fraser
1461:Terry Beech
1453:Arif Virani
1445:Jenna Sudds
1434:Ya'ara Saks
1311:John Gomery
1284:John Turner
1134:Rideau Hall
1102:August 2020
1041:Paul Martin
915:Rideau Hall
820:Composition
542:Visa policy
254:Legislative
120:Charles III
52:Rideau Hall
5811:Categories
5751:Montserrat
5746:Martinique
5741:Guadeloupe
5596:Costa Rica
5418:Nineteenth
5410:Eighteenth
5378:Fourteenth
5370:Thirteenth
4911:Opposition
4387:. CBC News
4006:October 2,
3917:October 2,
3888:October 2,
3266:for Canada
3201:References
3148:Larry Zolf
2339:Dan Vandal
2154:Bill Blair
1568:Incumbent
1325:creates a
1233:See also:
986:Indigenous
946:confidence
643:Liberalism
638:Federalism
136:Mary Simon
85:Government
5736:Greenland
5651:Nicaragua
5626:Guatemala
5426:Twentieth
5394:Sixteenth
5386:Fifteenth
5205:Transport
4456:canada.ca
4047:0024-9262
4039:Maclean's
3879:"Cabinet"
3865:0008-4239
3480:April 18,
3333:August 7,
3206:Citations
3185:, in the
2530:Marci Ien
1571:Province
1562:Ministry
1152:, is the
519:in Canada
427:Elections
168:Executive
102:The Crown
90:structure
5701:Anguilla
5636:Honduras
5606:Dominica
5581:Barbados
5354:Eleventh
4783:Manitoba
4734:Canadian
4642:(2001).
4601:(2005).
4589:June 21,
4567:(2008).
4525:(2005).
4391:July 18,
4152:June 30,
3506:July 29,
3254:Victoria
3097:See also
1380:of state
1355:won the
1221:—senior
1194:Jim Carr
1162:industry
974:province
845:the King
814:ministry
791:Ministry
532:Passport
501:Minister
352:Judicial
239:Premiers
5731:Curaçao
5716:Bonaire
5711:Bermuda
5641:Jamaica
5621:Grenada
5576:Bahamas
5362:Twelfth
5322:Seventh
5200:Tourism
5185:Seniors
5135:Justice
5085:Finance
4938:Related
4833:Nunavut
4803:Ontario
4773:Alberta
4764:of the
4555:May 14,
4474:Sources
4102:May 12,
3794:May 14,
3768:May 18,
3537:May 18,
3446:May 11,
3404:May 22,
3363:May 17,
2184:Mary Ng
1384:Science
1166:justice
1015:in 1930
1002:ridings
994:senator
885:council
810:cabinet
783:Cabinet
663:Regions
196:Cabinet
109:Monarch
5656:Panama
5646:Mexico
5591:Canada
5586:Belize
5468:(1993)
5452:(1984)
5372:(1926)
5330:Eighth
5324:(1896)
5298:Fourth
5282:Second
5140:Labour
5105:Health
5003:Office
4813:Quebec
4675:
4654:
4628:
4609:
4580:
4538:
4511:
4488:
4045:
3863:
3560:
3471:
3299:
3163:, and
1491:, and
1398:, and
1309:, and
1203:ad hoc
1170:health
1168:, and
869:advise
781:, the
755:French
273:Senate
5706:Aruba
5631:Haiti
5346:Tenth
5338:Ninth
5314:Sixth
5306:Fifth
5290:Third
5274:First
4823:Yukon
4574:(PDF)
4549:(PDF)
4532:(PDF)
3949:(PDF)
3942:(PDF)
3581:(PDF)
3398:(PDF)
3383:(PDF)
3130:Notes
2812:Notes
2133:1874
998:party
605:MĂ©tis
5776:Saba
5601:Cuba
4673:ISBN
4652:ISBN
4626:ISBN
4607:ISBN
4591:2009
4578:ISBN
4557:2009
4536:ISBN
4509:ISBN
4486:ISBN
4463:2024
4438:2019
4415:2021
4393:2018
4371:2015
4309:2015
4286:2015
4263:2015
4240:2015
4217:2015
4180:2015
4154:2015
4104:2010
4054:2010
4043:ISSN
4008:2021
3982:2009
3957:2009
3919:2021
3890:2021
3861:ISSN
3826:2009
3796:2009
3770:2009
3722:2011
3672:2019
3593:2013
3558:ISBN
3539:2009
3508:2007
3482:2023
3469:ISBN
3448:2013
3406:2009
3365:2009
3335:2009
3297:ISBN
3272:2009
3010:list
1676:PEI
1522:and
1351:The
1270:and
1184:and
984:and
925:and
829:The
812:and
749:The
130:list
114:list
4924:NDP
3853:doi
2805:ON
2785:ON
2765:ON
2733:ON
2701:QC
2681:BC
2651:ON
2609:QC
2584:QC
2559:ON
2534:ON
2489:NL
2459:ON
2429:NS
2387:AB
2343:MB
2318:QC
2293:QC
2263:ON
2238:BC
2213:ON
2188:ON
2158:ON
2113:QC
2071:NB
2046:ON
2021:ON
1991:QC
1954:ON
1929:BC
1870:BC
1845:QC
1820:QC
1795:QC
1765:QC
1706:NB
1629:ON
1599:QC
1530:.
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1455:as
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