1005:), and the Legislative Council of Quebec (since abolished). The legislatures are summoned by the Lieutenant Governors (Section 82). Section 83 prohibits provincial civil servants (excluding cabinet ministers) from sitting in the provincial legislatures. Section 84 allows for existing election laws and voting requirements to continue after the union. Section 85 sets the life of each legislature as no more than four years, with a session at least once every twelve months under Section 86. Section 87 extends the rules regarding speakers, by-elections, quorum, etc., as set for the federal House of Commons to the legislatures of Ontario and Quebec.
145:
1382:(1989) the Supreme Court stated that the "nature of the disputes" historically heard by the superior courts, not just the historical remedies provided, must be read broadly. If the tribunal is found to intrude on the historical jurisdiction of the superior court, the inquiry must turn to the second stage which considers whether the function of the tribunal and whether it operates as an adjudicative body. The final step assesses the context of the tribunal's exercise of power and looks to see if there are any further considerations to justify its encroachment upon the superior court's jurisdiction.
612:
2998:
461:
263:
473:
3010:
33:
895:: 106 for Ontario, 75 for Quebec, 11 for Nova Scotia, 10 for New Brunswick, 14 for Manitoba, 36 for British Columbia, 4 for Prince Edward Island, 28 for Alberta, 14 for Saskatchewan, 7 for Newfoundland and Labrador, 1 for Yukon, 1 for the Northwest Territories, and 1 for Nunavut. The House is summoned by the governor general under Section 38. Section 39 forbids senators to sit in the Commons. Section 41 divides the provinces in
900:
sittings of the House (46). Quorum for the house is set at 20 members, including the speaker by
Section 48. Section 49 says that the speaker cannot vote except in the case of a tied vote. The maximum term for a house is five years between elections under Section 50. Section 51 sets out the rules by which Commons seats are to be redistributed following censuses, allowing for more seats to be added by section 52.
1402:. The inquiry must begin by determining whether the enabling legislation gives explicit authority to apply the law. If so, then the court may apply the constitution. The second line of inquiry looks into whether there was implied authority to apply the law. This can be found by examining the text of the act, its context, and the general nature and characteristics of the adjudicative body.
873:
in
Section 28. Senators are appointed for life (meaning until age 75 since 1965), under Section 29, though they can resign under Section 30 and can be removed under the terms of section 31, in which case the vacancy can be filled by the governor general (Section 32). Section 33 gives the Senate the power to rule on its own disputes over eligibility and vacancy. The
805:. Section 12 states that the statutory powers of the executives of the former provinces of Upper Canada, Lower Canada, Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick continue to exist, until modified by subsequent legislation. To the extent those pre-Confederation statutory powers now came within provincial jurisdiction, they could be exercised by the
1460:
Section 133 establishes
English and French as the official languages of the Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of Quebec. Either language can be used in the federal Parliament and the National Assembly of Quebec. All federal and Quebec laws must be enacted in both languages, and both language
1063:
to "make laws for the peace, order, and good government of Canada, in relation to all matters not coming within the classes of subjects by this Act assigned exclusively to the
Legislatures of the provinces". Although the text of the act appears to give Parliament residuary powers to enact laws in any
872:
to add four or eight senators at a time to the Senate, divided among the divisions, but according to section 27 no more senators can then be appointed until, by death or retirement, the number of senators drops below the regular limit of 24 per division. The maximum number of senators was set at 113,
757:
The act establishes the
Dominion of Canada by uniting the North American British "Provinces" (colonies) of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Section 3 establishes that the union would take effect within six months of passage of the act and Section 4 confirms "Canada" as the name of the country
1358:
with the constitutional authority to hear cases. The "section 96 courts" are typically characterized as the "anchor" of the justice system around which the other courts must conform. As their jurisdiction is said to be "inherent", the courts have the authority to try all matters of law except where
1246:
Sections 93 and 93A give the
Provincial Provinces power over the competency of education, but there are significant restrictions designed to protect minority religious rights. This is due that it was created during a time when there was a significant controversy between Protestants and Catholics in
1350:
Section 96 authorizes the federal government to appoint judges for "the
Superior, District, and County Courts in each Province". No provinces have district or county courts anymore, but all provinces have superior courts. Although the provinces pay for these courts and determine their jurisdiction
1147:
As a matter of policy dating back to
Confederation, the federal government has delegated the prosecutorial function for almost all criminal offences to the provincial Attorneys General. Crown Prosecutors appointed under provincial law thus prosecute almost all Criminal Code offences across Canada.
1135:
However, under section 92(14), the provinces are delegated the power to administer justice, "including the constitution, maintenance, and organization of provincial courts, both of civil and criminal jurisdictions, and including procedure in civil matters in both courts". This provision allows the
809:
of the provinces, either alone or by the advice of the provincial executive councils. To the extent the pre-Confederation statutory powers now came within federal jurisdiction, they could be exercised by the
Governor General, either with the advice of the Privy Council or alone. Section 13 defines
899:
and
Section 41 continues electoral laws and voting qualifications of the time, subject to revision. Section 44 allows the house to elect its own speaker and allows the House to replace the speaker in the case of death (Section 45) or prolonged absence (47). A speaker is required to preside at all
814:
as the governor general acting with the advice of the Privy Council. Section 14 allows the Governor General to appoint deputies to exercise their powers in various parts of Canada. The Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces in Canada continues to be vested in the King under Section 15. Section 16
1036:
The powers of government are divided between the provinces and the federal government and are described in sections 91 to 95 of the act. Sections 91 and 92 are of particular importance, as they enumerate the subjects for which each jurisdiction can enact a law, with section 91 listing matters of
1587:
Section 133 allows bilingualism in both the federal Parliament and the Quebec legislature, allows for records to be kept in both languages, and allows bilingualism in federal and Quebec courts. Interpretation of this section has found that this provision requires that all statutes and delegated
1037:
federal jurisdiction and section 92 listing matters of provincial jurisdiction. Sections 92A and 93 and 93A are concerned with non-renewable natural resources and education, respectively (both are primarily provincial responsibilities). Section 94 leaves open a possible change to laws regarding
1362:
The scope of the core jurisdiction of section 96 courts has been a matter of considerable debate and litigation. When commencing litigation a court's jurisdiction may be challenged on the basis that it does not have jurisdiction. The issue is typically whether the statutory court created under
912:" (dealing with taxes or appropriation of funds) must originate in the Commons under Section 53 and must be proposed by the governor general (i.e. the government) under section 54. Sections 55, 56, and 57 allow the governor general to assent to in the Queen's name, withhold assent to or
1151:
Section 91(28) gives Parliament exclusive power over "penitentiaries" while section 92(6) gives the provinces powers over the "prisons". This means that offenders sentenced to two years or more go to federal penitentiaries while those with lighter sentences go to provincial prisons.
1475:
Section 146 allows the federal government to negotiate the entry of new provinces into the Union without the need to seek the permission of the existing provinces. Section 147 establishes that Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland would have 4 senators upon joining Confederation.
1127:
Section 91(27) gives Parliament the power to make law related to the "criminal law, except the constitution of courts of criminal jurisdiction, but including the procedure in criminal matters". It was on this authority that Parliament enacted and amends the
1359:
the jurisdiction has been taken away by another court. However, courts created by the federal government under section 101 or by the provincial government under 92(14) are generally not allowed to intrude on the core jurisdiction of a section 96 court.
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and the Western Provinces (at the time of the Union, there were 72 senators). Section 23 lays out the qualifications to become a senator. Senators are appointed by the governor general under Section 24 (which until the 1929 judicial decision in
1021:
Section 90 extends the provisions regarding money votes, royal assent, reservation and disallowance, as established for the federal Parliament to the provincial legislatures but with the governor general in the role of the Queen-in-Council.
1376:. The tribunal must not touch upon what was historically intended as the jurisdiction of the superior court. The first stage of inquiry considers what matters were typically exclusive to the court at the time of Confederation in 1867. In
1192:
Section 91(26) gives the federal government power over divorce and marriage. On this basis, Parliament can legislate on the substantive law of marriage and divorce. However, the provinces have power over the procedural law governing the
1588:
legislation be in both languages and be of equal force. Likewise, it has been found that the meaning of "courts" in Section 133 includes all federal and provincial courts as well as all tribunals that exercise an adjudicative function.
1456:
Section 132 gives the federal Parliament the legislative power to implement treaties entered to by the British government on behalf of the Empire. With the acquisition of full sovereignty by Canada, this provision has limited effect.
1083:, allowing an expansion of the federal government's taxation power over the provinces in the wake of the climate change crisis, concurrently as Parliament joined with other national legislatures in declaring that the nation was in a "
1334:
Section 92(14) gives the provincial legislatures the power over the "Constitution, Maintenance, and Organization of Provincial Courts, both of Civil and of Criminal Jurisdiction". This power includes the creation of both the
1435:
where the federal government is liable for the debts of the provinces (Sections 111–116). It establishes the tradition of the federal government supporting the provinces through fiscal transfers (Section 119). It creates a
2684:
1282:
Under Section 95, the federal and provincial governments share power over agriculture and immigration. Either order of government can make laws in this area, but in the case of a conflict, federal law prevails.
681:
2348:
1305:
Section 101 gives Parliament power to create a "general court of appeal for Canada" and "additional Courts for the better Administration of the Laws of Canada". Parliament has used this power to create the
1263:
Under Section 94A, the federal and provincial governments share power over Old Age Pensions. Either order of government can make laws in this area, but in the case of a conflict, provincial law prevails.
1398:
932:
The basic governing structures of the provinces are laid out in Part V of the act. (Specific mentions are made to the four founding provinces, but the general pattern holds for all the provinces.)
3061:
1406:
1255:
Section 94 allows for the provinces that use the British-derived common law system, in effect all but Quebec, to unify their property and civil rights laws. This power has never been used.
1529:
exempts governments in Canada from paying most taxes; and section 133 provides for bilingualism in the legislative and judicial branches of the federal and Quebec governments (see below).
1521:
for either Protestant or Catholic minorities; section 99 establishes a right for judges to serve during good behaviour unless removed by the governor general under advice from Parliament;
1247:
Canada over whether schools should be parochial or non-denominational. Section 93(2) specifically extends all pre-existing denominational school rights into the post-Confederation era.
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is appointed and dismissed by governor general under Section 34. Quorum for the Senate is (initially) set at 15 senators by Section 35, and voting procedures are set by Section 36.
1592:
1068:, subsequent Privy Council jurisprudence held that the "peace, order, and good government" power is in a delimited federal competency like those listed under section 91 (see e.g.
1600:
1596:
1604:
1608:
1342:
Superior courts are known as "courts of inherent jurisdiction", as they receive their constitutional authority from historical convention inherited from the United Kingdom.
953:
777:, respectively, become full provinces in Section 6. Section 7 confirms that the boundaries of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are not changed. And Section 8 provides that a
2562:
1232:
Section 92(10) allows the federal government to declare any "works or undertakings" to be of national importance, and thereby remove them from provincial jurisdiction.
501:
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of all provinces; section 86 requires Parliament and all legislatures sit at least once per year; section 93 provides, notwithstanding provincial jurisdiction over
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and civil rights in the province". In practice, this power has been read broadly to give the provinces authority over numerous matters such as professional trades,
2864:
2522:
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717:
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Not all courts and tribunals have jurisdiction to hear constitutional challenges. The court, at the very least, must have jurisdiction to apply the law. In
948:), who serves at the pleasure of the governor general (Section 59), whose salary is paid by the federal parliament (Section 60), and who must swear the
3076:
1110:
1218:, which is usually considered to be within the provincial jurisdictions of "civil rights" (s. 92(13)) and "matters of a private nature" (s. 92(16)).
761:
Section 5 lists the four provinces of the new federation. These are formed by dividing the former Province of Canada into two: its two subdivisions,
592:
The long title is "An Act for the Union of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and the Government Thereof; and for Purposes Connected Therewith."
2089:
1372:
1109:
Section 91(24) of the act provides that the federal government has the legislative jurisdiction for "Indians and lands reserved for the Indians".
3066:
2700:
1505:
identified several rights provided in various sections of the act that he termed the "small bill of rights": section 50 limits the duration of a
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of the first four provinces (Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick), but also allows those provinces to change their seats of government.
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to a maximum of five years; sections 51 and 52 require readjustment of seats in the House of Commons following each census to guarantee
1113:(AANDC), formerly known as Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), has been the main federal organization exercising this authority.
1095:, he provides that "counsel for Canada conceded that the act was not passed on the basis that climate change constitutes an emergency".
97:
1572:
does not repeat or establish new rights for separate schools but reaffirms the right to separate schools provided under the 1867 Act.
2272:
2267:
2109:
1584:, it does provide some rights for the users of both languages in respect of some institutions of the federal and Quebec governments.
1526:
1522:
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1441:
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1422:
487:
379:
69:
2668:
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of the Charter elaborate by declaring English and French to be the official languages and allowing for bilingual public services.
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1920:
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724:
712:
671:
421:
50:
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and lower federal courts. It has created the Supreme Court under both branches of s. 101. The lower federal courts, such as the
857:
The Senate has 105 senators (Section 21), most of whom represent (Section 22) one of four equal divisions: Ontario, Quebec, the
162:
An Act for the Union of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and the Government thereof; and for Purposes connected therewith.
76:
3071:
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913:
620:
167:
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1619:
The anniversary of the act's entry into force and creation of the Dominion of Canada on 1 July 1867 is observed annually as
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There are also several instances of overlap in laws relating to marriage and divorce, which in most cases is solved through
2894:
2082:
1323:
1080:
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for the "signification of the Queen's pleasure" any bill passed by both houses. Within two years of the governor general's
1431:
This Part lays out the financial functioning of the government of Canada and the provincial governments. It establishes a
1326:
are all created under the second branch, i.e. as "additional Courts for the better Administration of the Laws of Canada".
83:
3056:
2977:
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801:, is designated as "carrying on the Government of Canada on behalf and in the Name of the Queen". Section 11 creates the
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1370:
To validate the jurisdiction of a federal or provincial tribunal it must satisfy a three-step inquiry first outlined in
868:
was interpreted as excluding women), and the first group of senators was proclaimed under section 25. Section 26 allows
802:
654:
366:
2748:
2290:
2009:
1054:
1041:, which so far has not been realized. Sections 94A and 95, meanwhile, address matters of shared jurisdiction, namely
585:. Amendments were also made at this time: section 92A was added, giving provinces greater control over non-renewable
346:
116:
65:
1591:
These rights are duplicated in respect to the federal government, but not Quebec, and extended to New Brunswick, by
789:
Section 9 confirms that all executive authority "of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in
699:
of 1997 that the preamble shows judicial independence in Canada is constitutionally guaranteed. Political scientist
2134:
840:
578:
274:
234:
149:
1999:
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the act; and within two years of the governor general's reservation, the Queen-in-Council may assent to the bill.
3051:
3036:
3014:
2833:
2155:
2075:
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1470:
990:
874:
798:
411:
246:
1297:
The authority over the judicial system in Canada is divided between Parliament and the provincial Legislatures.
839:), as created by section 17. Section 18 defines its powers and privileges as being no greater than those of the
581:, including this Act, were renamed. However, the acts are still known by their original names in records of the
1918:
in 1960, a federal statute. A constitutional bill of rights was not introduced until the 1982 enactment of the
1392:
998:
54:
3046:
1378:
1084:
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provinces to create the courts of criminal jurisdiction and to create provincial police forces such as the
1104:
1076:
941:
806:
1013:
Section 88 simply extends the pre-union constitutions of those provinces into the post-Confederation era.
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1002:
949:
896:
811:
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404:
341:
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843:. Section 19 states that Parliament's first session must begin six months after the passage of the act.
2440:
2384:
2160:
1506:
957:
886:
832:
794:
574:
558:
336:
301:
758:(and the word "Canada" in the rest of the act refers to the new federation and not the old province).
90:
3086:
3081:
2802:
2785:
2234:
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703:
criticized the preamble in 2000, saying it was "seriously out of date". He claimed the act "lacks an
446:
2239:
2217:
2062:
Digital reproduction of the British North America Act 1867 on the Parliamentary Archives catalogue
1811:
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3041:
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43:
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1953:
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227:
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550:
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and 70 establishes the Legislature of Ontario, comprising the lieutenant governor and the
8:
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2257:
1958:
1514:
1319:
1241:
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286:
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1672:
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2899:
2768:
2390:
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2145:
828:
790:
657:". This description of the Constitution has proven important in its interpretation. As
638:
1396:(2003) the Supreme Court re-articulated the test for constitutional jurisdiction from
689:
grounded its 1993 decision on the preamble. Moreover, since the UK had a tradition of
2849:
2812:
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2050:
2005:
960:(Sections 63 and 64). The lieutenant governor can exercise executive power alone or "
669:
in 1867, the preamble extended this right to Canada even before the enactment of the
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Historically, this section has been interpreted as providing superior courts of
2775:
1491:
1448:
prevents one order of government from taxing the lands or assets of the other.
1336:
1176:
Section 92(13) gives the Provinces the exclusive power to make law related to "
1088:
952:(Section 61). The powers of a lieutenant governor can be substituted for by an
740:
710:
The preamble to the act is not the Constitution of Canada's only preamble. The
582:
262:
1817:. 2011 June Status Report of the Auditor General of Canada (Report). p. 4
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and procedural rules, the federal government appoints and pays their judges.
1215:
1194:
858:
778:
739:, repealed in 1893, originally stated that all references to the Queen (then
630:
465:
431:
1778:"CITATION: Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, 2019 ONCA 544"
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1628:
1624:
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1339:, both of original jurisdiction and appeal, as well as inferior tribunals.
969:
917:
185:
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2067:
1900:
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634:
16:"BNA Act" redirects here, for the amendments to this act after 1867, see
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1502:
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570:
543:
477:
416:
306:
1738:"Sask. carbon tax challenge: SK Appeal Court rules in Ottawa's favour"
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700:
1766:. Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc. June 17, 2019.
472:
32:
1809:
1177:
650:
626:
546:
17:
1407:
Section Twenty-four of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
891:
The composition of the Commons, under Section 37, consists of 308
1982:
The Critical Years: The Union of British North America, 1857–1873
770:
642:
1791:
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (June 2011).
1525:
prohibits customs duties and tariffs on inter-provincial trade;
1991:
The Constitution of Canada in its History and Practical Working
1416:
774:
646:
3062:
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning Canada
2133:
1912:
The first written bill of rights at the federal level was the
1854:(2003 Student ed.). Toronto: Thomson Canada. p. 682.
1726:(3rd ed.). Toronto: Nelson Thomson Learning. p. 374.
1702:(2003 student ed.). Toronto: Thomson Canada. p. 686.
1300:
1045:(section 94A) and agriculture and immigration (section 95).
685:, the leading Canadian case on parliamentary privilege, the
1532:
Many of these rights were repeated or expanded in sections
1267:
997:, which at the time comprised the lieutenant governor, the
665:, some have argued that, since the United Kingdom had some
1659:
1580:
Although the act does not establish English and French as
1764:"National climate emergency declared by House of Commons"
815:
declares Ottawa to be the seat of government for Canada.
1651:
1649:
1440:
which prohibits internal tariffs between the provinces (
1079:
sided with the federal government in a 3–2 split on the
2375:
Amendments and other constitutional documents 1867–1982
2029:
Documents on the Confederation of British North America
1945:
Nation Maker—Sir John A. Macdonald: His Life, Our Times
2957:
2882:
1464:
2459:
2248:
1646:
2662:
Part II – Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada
2001:
Canadian History: Beginnings to Confederation vol. 1
1329:
1903:
was conferred on this Act by section 1 of this Act.
1812:"Chapter 4: Programs for First Nations on Reserves"
1048:
927:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1730:
1235:
1111:Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
1258:
1098:
956:(Sections 62 and 66). All provinces also have an
743:) equally apply to all her heirs and successors.
3028:
2678:Part III – Equalization and regional disparities
2470:Part I – Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2031:(2nd ed.). McGill-Queen's University Press.
1997:
1954:"The British North America Act: Past and Future"
1373:Reference Re Residential Tenancies Act (Ontario)
1008:
903:
781:of all provinces must be held every ten years.
653:...with a Constitution similar in Principle to
2182:Report on the Affairs of British North America
1679:. Department of Justice Canada. March 12, 2019
1385:
1363:section 101 or 92(14) has encroached upon the
1038:
1025:
2083:
1803:
1780:. Court of Appeal for Ontario. June 28, 2019.
1627:prior to 1982) and is celebrated as Canada's
818:
682:New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. v. Nova Scotia
569:, and the taxation system. In 1982, with the
495:
1947:. Mississauga, Ontario: Random House Canada.
1417:Part VIII: Revenues; debts, assets; taxation
1228:Section 92(10) of the Constitution Act, 1867
1162:Section 92(13) of the Constitution Act, 1867
1155:
1123:Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867
784:
723:Part I consists of just one extant section.
2176:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada
1973:Commentary on the British North America Act
1301:Parliament's power to create federal courts
1070:AG Canada v AG Ontario (Labour Conventions)
675:in 1982; this was a supposed basis for the
2135:Pre-Confederation constitutional documents
2097:
2090:
2076:
1784:
502:
488:
3077:1867 establishments in the British Empire
2832:
1998:Taylor, Martin Brook; Doug Owram (1994).
1970:
1810:Office of the Auditor General of Canada.
1451:
1427:Section 125 of the Constitution Act, 1867
1423:Section 121 of the Constitution Act, 1867
1221:
615:Front page of a copy of the act from 1867
549:and defines much of the operation of the
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
22:Primary constitutional document of Canada
1268:Agriculture and Immigration (Section 95)
1064:area that has not been allocated to the
993:, and Sections 71 to 80 establishes the
610:
2451:Kitchen Accord/Night of the Long Knives
2344:Fines and penalties for provincial laws
1988:
1951:
1921:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1665:
1498:did not emerge until the 20th century.
1479:
1286:
672:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
3067:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1867
3029:
2026:
1979:
1724:Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches
1210:is valid legislation, even though the
621:Preamble to the Constitution Act, 1867
606:
337:British North America Acts (1867–1975)
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2881:
2831:
2781:Individual ministerial responsibility
2730:
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2204:
2132:
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1658:, 30 & 31 Victoria (U.K.), c. 3,
980:
577:which were originally enacted by the
228:Text of statute as originally enacted
2349:Matters of a local or private nature
1942:
1849:
1721:
1697:
1345:
1324:Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada
1081:Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act
975:
920:to a bill, the Queen-in-Council may
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
2978:Constitution Act (British Columbia)
1993:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1770:
1756:
1490:The act does not include a written
1465:Part X: Admission of Other Colonies
880:
629:declaring that the three provinces
347:Succession to the Throne Act (1937)
13:
2958:Provincial constitutions of Canada
2884:Interpretation of the Constitution
2020:
1936:
1575:
935:
367:Succession to the Throne Act, 2013
261:
235:Revised text of statute as amended
14:
3098:
2749:Cabinet collective responsibility
2291:Peace, order, and good government
2205:
2036:
1989:Riddell, William Renwick (1917).
1793:"Change to the Department's Name"
1691:
1330:Provincial power to create courts
1055:Peace, order, and good government
746:
693:, the Supreme Court ruled in the
3009:
3008:
2996:
2110:List of constitutional documents
2054:, as originally enacted, in the
1501:Canadian constitutional scholar
1049:Peace, order and good government
928:Part V: Provincial Constitutions
471:
459:
150:Parliament of the United Kingdom
143:
31:
2731:
2051:British North America Act, 1867
2004:. University of Toronto Press.
1975:. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada.
1952:Kennedy, P.M. (June 15, 1937).
1906:
1870:
1858:
1843:
1829:
1471:Territorial evolution of Canada
1461:versions have equal authority.
1236:Education (Sections 93 and 93A)
1214:has some incidental effects on
1116:
991:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
803:King's Privy Council for Canada
799:administrator of the government
531:British North America Act, 1867
42:needs additional citations for
2428:
2218:Charlottetown Conference, 1864
2115:Amendments to the Constitution
1984:. s: McClelland & Stewart.
1893:
1877:Att. Gen. of Quebec v. Blaikie
1865:Att. Gen. of Quebec v. Blaikie
1715:
1706:
1393:N.S. v. Martin; N.S. v. Laseur
1259:Old Age Pensions (Section 94A)
1197:of marriage (section 92(12)).
1099:First Nations, Inuit and MĂ©tis
999:Legislative Assembly of Quebec
649:) have requested to form "one
422:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
133:British North America Act 1867
1:
3072:1867 establishments in Canada
2865:Other unsuccessful amendments
1634:
1614:
1379:Sobeys Stores Ltd. v. Yeomans
1250:
1091:'s dissenting opinion on the
1009:Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
528:), originally enacted as the
526:Loi constitutionnelle de 1867
342:Statute of Westminster (1931)
2930:Interjurisdictional immunity
2754:Disallowance and reservation
2406:Statute of Westminster, 1931
1879:et al., 2 SCR 1016 at 1029.
1852:Constitutional Law of Canada
1840:, R.S.C. 1985, c. S-26, s. 3
1700:Constitutional Law of Canada
1639:
1511:proportionate representation
1409:for the jurisdiction of the
1204:. For instance, the federal
1202:interjurisdictional immunity
1105:Aboriginal peoples in Canada
1077:Saskatchewan Court of Appeal
904:Money votes and royal assent
663:Constitutional Law of Canada
7:
2306:Matters excepted from s. 92
1582:Canada's official languages
1386:Constitutional jurisdiction
1187:
1184:, and consumer protection.
1093:Court of Appeal for Ontario
1026:Part VI: Division of Powers
1003:National Assembly of Quebec
954:administrator of government
812:Governor General in Council
696:Provincial Judges Reference
10:
3103:
3057:Aboriginal title in Canada
2895:Indigenous self-government
2385:British North America Acts
2171:Constitutional Act of 1791
2161:Royal Proclamation of 1763
2156:Constitution of New France
1656:The Constitution Act, 1867
1603:of the Charter of Rights;
1507:House of Commons of Canada
1494:and judicial theory on an
1483:
1468:
1420:
1290:
1271:
1239:
1225:
1165:
1159:
1120:
1102:
1052:
1029:
940:Each province must have a
887:House of Commons of Canada
884:
850:
833:House of Commons of Canada
819:Part IV: Legislative Power
750:
655:that of the United Kingdom
618:
599:
595:
575:British North America Acts
538:), is a major part of the
129:United Kingdom legislation
15:
2990:
2963:
2952:
2890:
2877:
2840:
2827:
2803:Parliamentary sovereignty
2744:At His Majesty's pleasure
2739:
2726:
2693:
2677:
2661:
2468:
2436:
2423:
2380:
2369:
2339:Administration of justice
2334:Property and civil rights
2314:
2281:
2213:
2200:
2141:
2128:
2105:
2016:; Guide to historiography
1943:Gwyn, Richard J. (2011).
1156:Property and civil rights
1039:property and civil rights
846:
785:Part III: Executive Power
573:of the Constitution, the
447:Canadian Human Rights Act
312:Constitutional Act (1791)
302:Royal Proclamation (1763)
233:
226:
219:
209:
204:
194:
184:
179:
166:
156:
142:
137:
2240:Fathers of Confederation
2120:Quasi-constitutional law
1971:McConnell, W. H (1977).
1886:
1673:"Constitution Act, 1867"
1662:retrieved on 2019-03-14.
1016:
1001:(renamed in 1968 to the
327:Supreme Court Act (1875)
292:Act of Settlement (1701)
66:"Constitution Act, 1867"
2968:Constitution of Alberta
2910:Equal authenticity rule
2798:Parliamentary privilege
2235:London Conference, 1866
2223:Quebec Conference, 1864
2056:UK Statute Law Database
1915:Canadian Bill of Rights
1850:Hogg, Peter W. (2003).
1698:Hogg, Peter W. (2003).
1660:http://canlii.ca/t/ldsw
1367:of a section 96 court.
1312:Federal Court of Appeal
1308:Supreme Court of Canada
687:Supreme Court of Canada
437:Canadian Bill of Rights
392:Unsuccessful amendments
332:Constitution Act (1886)
322:Constitution Act (1867)
3052:Canadian Confederation
3037:Constitution of Canada
2973:Constitution of Quebec
2925:Implied Bill of Rights
2759:Responsible government
2461:Constitution Act, 1982
2441:Fulton–Favreau formula
2411:Newfoundland Act, 1949
2401:Saskatchewan Act, 1905
2329:Works and undertakings
2250:Constitution Act, 1867
2099:Constitution of Canada
2044:Constitution Act, 1867
2027:Browne, G. P. (2009).
1927:Constitution Act, 1982
1496:Implied Bill of Rights
1486:Implied Bill of Rights
1452:Part IX: Miscellaneous
1365:exclusive jurisdiction
1293:Court system of Canada
1222:Works and undertakings
1172:Human rights in Canada
1066:provincial governments
1059:Section 91 authorizes
831:and two chambers (the
793:". In section 10, the
753:Canadian Confederation
733:Constitution Act, 1867
677:Implied Bill of Rights
625:The act begins with a
616:
602:Canadian Confederation
540:Constitution of Canada
525:
517:Constitution Act, 1867
442:Implied bill of rights
362:Constitution Act, 1982
297:Treaty of Paris (1763)
282:Implied bill of rights
275:Constitutional history
266:
255:Constitution of Canada
2834:Constitutional debate
2146:Iroquois constitution
1980:Morton, W. L (1968).
1469:Further information:
1421:Further information:
1356:inherent jurisdiction
1278:Immigration to Canada
1274:Agriculture in Canada
1168:Canadian property law
1166:Further information:
1142:Sûreté du Québec (SQ)
875:speaker of the Senate
865:Edwards v Canada (AG)
691:judicial independence
667:freedom of expression
614:
412:Constitutional debate
352:Letters Patent (1947)
287:Bill of Rights (1689)
265:
3047:1867 in Canadian law
2855:Charlottetown Accord
2151:Mi'kmaq constitution
1867:et al., 2 SCR 1016.
1799:on January 14, 2013.
1677:Justice Laws Website
1480:Small bill of rights
1287:Part VII: Judicature
995:Parliament of Quebec
825:Parliament of Canada
807:lieutenant governors
641:(which later became
551:Government of Canada
542:. The act created a
51:improve this article
2860:Calgary Declaration
2258:Canadian federalism
1959:Canadian Bar Review
1722:Dyck, Rand (2000).
1515:education in Canada
1320:Tax Court of Canada
1242:Education in Canada
1032:Canadian federalism
970:seats of government
942:lieutenant governor
897:electoral districts
607:Preamble and Part I
427:Canadian federalism
317:Act of Union (1840)
134:
2940:Dialogue principle
2900:Pith and substance
2769:King-in-Parliament
2694:Part VII – General
2391:Manitoba Act, 1870
2296:Trade and commerce
2228:Quebec Resolutions
2166:Quebec Act of 1774
1742:Regina Leader-Post
1087:" on 17 June. In
981:Ontario and Quebec
950:oath of allegiance
859:Maritime Provinces
841:British parliament
639:Province of Canada
617:
579:British Parliament
405:Constitutional law
267:
132:
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3003:Canada portal
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2195:
2188:Act of Union 1840
1837:Supreme Court Act
1346:Section 96 courts
1085:climate emergency
1072:, AC 326 (PC)).
976:Legislative power
958:executive council
587:natural resources
555:federal structure
512:
511:
466:Canada portal
357:Canada Act (1982)
307:Quebec Act (1774)
240:
239:
205:Other legislation
173:30 & 31 Vict.
138:Act of Parliament
127:
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3087:1867 in politics
3082:July 1867 events
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2935:Purposive theory
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1629:national holiday
1519:separate schools
1399:Cooper v. Canada
1182:labour relations
1043:old age pensions
968:establishes the
964:" (Section 65).
881:House of Commons
853:Senate of Canada
837:Senate of Canada
795:Governor General
559:House of Commons
553:, including its
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2012:
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1517:, the right to
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936:Executive power
930:
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889:
883:
855:
849:
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779:national census
755:
749:
707:introduction".
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221:Status: Amended
214:Canada Act 1982
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2013:
2011:0-8020-5016-6
2007:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:(6): 393–400.
1965:
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1195:solemnization
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1173:
1169:
1163:
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1130:Criminal Code
1124:
1114:
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1075:In 2019, the
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705:inspirational
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432:Law of Canada
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380:Document list
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190:29 March 1867
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121:
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78:
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71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
25:
19:
3013:
2994:
2301:Criminal law
2282:Powers under
2249:
2028:
2000:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1944:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1895:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1835:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1805:
1797:the original
1786:
1772:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1741:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1676:
1667:
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1625:Dominion Day
1618:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1569:
1561:
1531:
1500:
1489:
1474:
1459:
1455:
1442:Sections 121
1433:fiscal union
1430:
1410:
1404:
1397:
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1389:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1361:
1353:
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1191:
1175:
1150:
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1126:
1117:Criminal law
1108:
1074:
1069:
1058:
1035:
1020:
1012:
984:
939:
931:
918:royal assent
907:
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863:
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732:
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711:
709:
694:
680:
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591:
535:
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529:
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457:
321:
196:Commencement
186:Royal assent
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
24:
2920:Living tree
2915:Paramountcy
2733:Conventions
2387:, 1867–1982
2273:Section 125
2268:Section 121
1901:short title
1821:January 12,
1605:Sections 16
1593:sections 17
1527:section 125
1523:section 121
1446:Section 125
1212:Divorce Act
1207:Divorce Act
910:Money bills
767:Canada East
763:Canada West
729:short title
716:also has a
635:Nova Scotia
200:1 July 1867
3031:Categories
2430:Patriation
2317:Section 92
2284:Section 91
1712:1 SCR 319.
1635:References
1623:(known as
1621:Canada Day
1615:Canada Day
1566:Section 29
1503:Peter Hogg
1484:See also:
1251:Section 94
1061:Parliament
966:Section 68
962:in council
946:Section 58
827:comprises
769:, renamed
727:gives the
659:Peter Hogg
637:, and the
571:patriation
417:Patriation
387:Amendments
210:Relates to
158:Long title
77:newspapers
2324:Licensing
1683:March 21,
1640:Citations
985:Sections
914:"reserve"
870:the Crown
791:the Queen
737:Section 2
725:Section 1
701:Rand Dyck
661:wrote in
107:June 2011
3015:Category
2478:Preamble
2263:Preamble
1322:and the
1188:Marriage
1178:property
1140:and the
922:disallow
835:and the
829:the King
741:Victoria
718:preamble
651:Dominion
627:preamble
547:dominion
247:a series
245:Part of
168:Citation
18:BNA Acts
1924:in the
1748:May 23,
1570:Charter
1568:of the
1562:Charter
1560:of the
1444:–124).
1411:Charter
893:members
771:Ontario
713:Charter
643:Ontario
596:History
544:federal
536:BNA Act
91:scholar
2184:(1839)
2178:(1838)
2008:
1556:, and
1318:, the
1314:, the
847:Senate
797:or an
775:Quebec
647:Quebec
565:, the
563:Senate
561:, the
557:, the
522:French
249:on the
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1899:This
1887:Notes
1815:(PDF)
1017:Other
679:. In
180:Dates
98:JSTOR
84:books
2563:16.1
2006:ISBN
1823:2013
1750:2019
1685:2019
1607:and
1599:and
1425:and
1405:See
1276:and
1170:and
823:The
810:the
773:and
765:and
645:and
514:The
175:c. 3
70:news
1138:OPP
53:by
3033::
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2701:52
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1964:XV
1962:.
1956:.
1740:.
1675:.
1648:^
1631:.
1609:20
1601:19
1597:18
1595:,
1564:.
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1144:.
1132:.
987:69
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720:.
633:,
589:.
524::
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2014:.
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