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anion. Its molecular orbital configuration likely also plays a role in its great inertness in aqueous solution, and as a rule of thumb, most oxyanions with a central atom in its highest oxidation state are weaker oxidizers than other oxyanions of the same series with a lower oxidation state.
77:
Supporting electrolytes are widely used in electrochemical measurements when control of electrode potentials is required. This is done to increase the conductivity of the solution (to practically eliminate the so-called IR drop, or ohmic potential drop
492:
Katsounaros, I.; Kyriacou, G. (2007). "Influence of the concentration and the nature of the supporting electrolyte on the electrochemical reduction of nitrate on tin cathode".
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Kowacz, M.; Putnis, A. (2008). "The effect of specific background electrolytes on water structure and solute hydration: Consequences for crystal dissolution and growth".
237:, thus it does not interfere in complexation studies. Quite surprisingly, it is also a redox-insensitive, or a redox-inactive, species, and does not interfere in
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hindering its redox reactivity. This can be partially explained by the shielding of the central chlorine (+7) atom by the four surrounding oxygen atoms. The
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Ujvari, M., & Lang, G. (2011). On the stability of perchlorate ions against reductive attacks in electrochemical systems and in the environment.
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much larger than those due to the electroactive species added to the electrolyte. Supporting electrolyte is also sometimes referred to as
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17:
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222:) is often used as a background electrolyte because of its convenient properties to fulfil this function. It is a highly
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Urbansky, E. T. (1998). Perchlorate chemistry: Implications for analysis and remediation. Available in open access at:
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Cotton, F.A., G. Wilkinson, and P.L. Gaus. (1987). Basic
Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, NY. p. 219.
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Kok, W. (2000). The
Background Electrolyte. In: Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation and Operation.
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Cotton, F.A., and G. Wilkinson. (1988). Advanced
Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed. Wiley, New York, NY. p. 668.
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reaction, so, it is not a redox-active species, or the redox reaction is kinetically strongly hindered,
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at high temperature, it violently reacts to dissipate a large quantity of energy in a vigorous
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To properly fulfil its functions, a supporting electrolyte must meet the following criteria:
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363:) are much stronger oxidizers in aqueous solution because of less kinetic limitations.
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reaction. The reason of its redox inertness when dissolved in water is due to severe
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reaction. Contra-intuitively, although perchlorate is well known to be a strong
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351:) anions although being able to accept less electrons than perchlorate (
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Astonishingly, sodium perchlorate can be used with solutions containing
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of the solution in the experimental conditions to be explored;
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Inert electrolyte: non-redox active and non complexing ligand
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of the perchlorate anion is about the same as this of the
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limitations to abiotically accept electrons, even if the
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314:, perchlorate is a non-labile species because of a high
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226:salt (2096 g/L at 25 °C) allowing to increase the
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271:(Fe) although these ions are quite sensitive to
50:that are not electroactive (within the range of
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261:, it does not exhibit any oxidizing power.
532:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83133-0_7
143:It must be chemically inert with the other
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286:stability because when in contact with a
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282:The reason is not to be searched in its
279:if the solution is exposed to the air.
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579:https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.2011.0003
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230:of a solution up to 8 M. It is not a
208:Commonly used background electrolytes
189:– no undesirable modification of the
117:It must be completely dissociated in
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136:in order to be able to increase the
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437:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
88:transport of electroactive species
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160:reaction, or formation of
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378:Capillary electrophoresis
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193:of the studied solution,
132:It must be sufficiently
450:10.1351/goldbook.S06149
253:, when the perchlorate
54:used) and which has an
667:Electrochemistry stubs
611:-related article is a
442:supporting electrolyte
64:background electrolyte
32:supporting electrolyte
18:Background electrolyte
86:), to eliminate the
72:inactive electrolyte
494:Electrochimica Acta
171:, so, it is a poor
109:Required properties
310:is +7. In term of
213:Sodium perchlorate
167:– no formation of
123:strong electrolyte
42:definition, is an
38:, according to an
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547:(18): 4476–4487.
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316:activation energy
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196:– no loss in the
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125:with a good
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403:Electrolyte
388:Dissolution
329:Hypochorite
175:and a weak
164:suspension,
147:present in
46:containing
44:electrolyte
656:Categories
419:References
292:exothermic
232:complexing
177:Lewis base
52:potentials
561:0016-7037
514:0013-4686
468:, p. 118.
413:Solvation
273:oxidation
251:fireworks
198:gas phase
162:colloidal
95:migration
82:Ohm's law
367:See also
337:chlorate
308:oxyanion
304:chlorine
243:oxidizer
149:solution
84:: V = IR
296:kinetic
288:reducer
266:ferrous
224:soluble
169:complex
145:solutes
134:soluble
105:, etc.
97:in the
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512:
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335:) and
324:iodide
277:oxygen
235:ligand
173:ligand
607:This
528:Vol 4
432:IUPAC
255:anion
239:redox
217:NaClO
203:– … .
184:redox
156:– no
80:from
70:, or
40:IUPAC
34:, in
613:stub
557:ISSN
510:ISSN
462:ISBN
269:ions
249:and
58:and
549:doi
502:doi
446:doi
444:".
353:ClO
341:ClO
333:ClO
92:ion
90:by
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526:,
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498:52
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191:pH
103:pH
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