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1961:
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column from Yunnan. Vietnamese VNQDD fighters accompanied the
Chinese soldiers. Ho Chi Minh ordered his DRV administration to set quotas for rice to give to the Chinese soldiers and rice was sold in Chinese currency in the red River delta. Lu Han occupied the French governor general's palace after ejecting the French staff under Sainteny. Chinese soldiers occupied northern Indochina north of the 16th parallel while the British under the South-East Asia Command of Lord Mountbatten occupied the south. Chiang Kai-shek deliberately withheld his crack and well trained soldiers from occupying Vietnam since he was going to use them to fight the Communists inside China and instead sent undisciplined warlord troops from Yunnan under Lu Han to occupy north Vietnam and Hanoi north of the 16th parallel to disarm and get Japanese troops to surrender.
2825:
out and cheated the Allies by surrendering
Indochina to Japan and that France had no right to return. Ho Chi Minh dumped the blame on Dong Minh Hoi and VNQDD for signing the agreement with France for returning its soldiers to Vietnam after he had to do it himself. Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh tried to organize welcome parades for Chinese soldiers in northern Vietnam and covered for instances of bad behavior by warlord soldiers, trying to reassure Vietnamese that the warlord troops of Lu Han were only there temporarily and that China supported Vietnam's independence. Viet Minh newspapers said that the same ancestors (huyết thống) and culture were shared by Vietnamese and Chinese and that the Chinese heroically fought Japan and changed in the
1921:
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1832:, triumphed over both the Communist Party's Democratic Front and the "bourgeois" Constitutionalists in elections to the colonial Cochinchina Council. Governor-General Brévié, who set the results aside, wrote to French Colonial Minister Mandel: "the Trotskyists under the leadership of Ta Thu Thau, want to take advantage of a possible war in order to win total liberation." The Stalinists, on the other hand, are "following the position of the Communist Party in France" and "will thus be loyal if war breaks out."
2193:, Ho Chi Minh's sense of urgency would grow causing him to ramp up preparations in order to proclaim a swift and decisive revolution following the official surrender of Japan in order to take the country before the French could return. In order to retain his leadership he knew that he had to demonstrate both legitimacy and strength and quickly called for a meeting between the Việt Minh and other Vietnamese nationalist political figures, on 13 August many delegates met at Tan Trao where they established the
2830:
incident in Kiến An district on 6 March 1946 after Hồ Đức Thành and Đào Văn Biểu, special commissioners sent from Hanoi by Ho's DRV examined the case. Ho Chi Minh appeased and granted numerous concessions to the
Chinese soldiers to avoid the possibility of them clashing with the Viet Minh, with him ordering Vietnamese not to carry out anything against Chinese soldiers and pledging his life on his promise, hoping the Chinese would disarm the Japanese soldiers and finish their mission as fast as possible.
73:
2821:(Hsiao Wen) and the Kuomintang central government of China was disinterested in occupying Vietnam beyond the allotted time period and involving itself in the war between the Viet Minh and the French, the Yunnan warlord Lu Han held the opposite view and wanted to occupy Vietnam to prevent the French returning and establish a Chinese trusteeship of Vietnam under the principles of the Atlantic Charter with the aim of eventually preparing Vietnam for independence and blocking the French from returning.
2855:
Yunnan, China for sanctuary and aid from the
Chinese Communists. A French reporter was told "We know what war always is, We understand your soldiers taking our animals, our jewelry, our Buddhas; it is normal. We are resigned to their raping our wives and our daughters; war has always been like that. But we object to being treated in the same way, not only our sons, but ourselves, old men and dignitaries that we are." by Vietnamese village notables. Vietnamese rape victims became "half insane".
2804:, to cross into Vietnam to accept the surrender of the Japanese 38th Army. The Chinese, unlike the British in the south, refused to prepare the way for an immediate French return; to maintain order in Hanoi and keep the city functioning, they allowed the Vietnamese Provisional Government to remain in control. With that breathing space, Hồ Chí Minh was able to maneuver against and then to eliminate his domestic rivals, thus strengthening Việt Minh control over northern Vietnamese politics.
2304:, the battle of Thái Nguyên was the event that officially "marked the liberation of Vietnam". During the battle itself only sporadic fighting broke out, as the Japanese were situated in an old French fort and the Americans were all, except for Major Thomas, away from the battle in an outside safehouse. On 25 August the final battle at Thái Nguyên ended with the Japanese surrendering agreeing to stay "confined to their post". This marked the liberation of the city of
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soldiers were given two thirds by Ho Chi Minh. For 15 days elections were postponed by Ho Chi Minh in response to a demand by
Chinese general Chen Xiuhe on 18 December 1945 so that the Chinese could get the Dong Minh Hoi and VNQDD to prepare. The Chinese left only in April–June 1946. Ho Chi Minh gave golden smoking paraphernalia and a golden opium pipe to the Chinese general Lu Han after gold week and purchased weapons with what was left of the proceeds.
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gunboats, and diplomats in the 19th century had set off repeated periods of resistance because of the loyalty of the
Vietnamese people to the Nguyen monarchy and traditional Confucian values, which were completely in conflict with European, notably French, interests. From the beginning of the French occupation of Vietnam, thousands of poorly-armed Vietnamese reacted to foreign control with various rebellions, a major one being the
2881:. For their part, the French agreed to two provisions that they had no intention of honouring. French troops north of the 16th parallel were limited to 15,000 men for a period of five years, and a referendum was to be held on the issue of unifying the Vietnamese regions. The agreement entangled the French and Vietnamese in joint military operations and fruitless negotiations for several months.
2638:, Chairman of the Administrative Committee of Nam Bộ, stepped on the stage to call on the people to unite around Ho Chi Minh's government, raise vigilance against the colonisers in case they return to invade Vietnam again. The rally soon turned into an anti-French protest, in response the French started shooting at the protestors killing 47 and injuring more.
3859:"Quốc ấn của vua Bảo Đại lưu lạc ở Pháp? – 31/03/2011 – 06:25 – Sau khi Hoàng hậu Nam Phương qua đời (1963), quốc ấn Hoàng đế Chi Bửu nằm trong tay Hoàng thái tử Bảo Long. Khoảng năm 1982, sau ngày Bảo Đại làm giấy hôn thú với bà Monique Baudot (người Pháp), ông nhận lại chiếc ấn từ con trai mình. Từ đó, không còn thấy ai nhắc gì tới chiếc ấn này nữa"
1912:, to co-operate with Japan and to declare Vietnam independent of France. On 11 March 1945, Bảo Đại did just that by abrogating the Franco-Vietnamese Treaty of Protectorate of 1883. Vietnam's new "independence," however, rested on the government's willingness to co-operate with Japan and accept the Japanese military presence.
2378:" in Vietnam. Among his suggestions was not just to dissolve the cabinet but to abolish the Nguyễn dynasty altogether and ask for the Emperor to abdicate, in response Trần Trọng Kim got furious at Trần Đình Nam for daring to suggest that the Emperor should relinquish his position causing a heated debate between the two men.
3747:"How American Operatives Saved the Man Who Started the Vietnam War – Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh guerrilla fighters, led by future NVA General Vo Nguyen Giap, were allies of the Americans and given training by the OSS, the forerunner of the CIA, in an effort to defeat the Japanese during the waning days of World War II"
3968:"Cách mạng tháng Tám và sự ra đời của Chính phủ Lâm thời qua một số tư liệu, tài liệu lưu trữ (tiếp theo) – 08:47 am 17/08/2020 – Lượt xem: 603 – Bài viết trình bày đôi nét về cuộc Tổng khởi nghĩa giành chính quyền mùa thu Tháng Tám năm 1945, sự ra đời của Chính phủ Lâm thời nước Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hoà"
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philosophy and of his vow that he would rather be only a citizen of an independent country than the puppet ruler of an enslaved country. He called on the members of the imperial family to support the government of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam and that they should also work to preserve Vietnam’s
2271:
indicating that the Việt Minh enjoyed "secret" support from the Allies. During the meeting Ho Chi Minh emphasised that for the revolution to be successful they would rapidly need to take power in order to be able to provide strong opposition when the Allied forces will occupy French
Indochina. 3 days
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would choose the 40 most promising to give special training instructing them how to use
American weapons and drilling them like American soldiers from 9 to 15 August. More weapons and ammunition were dropped near them during the third OSS aid drop on 10 August. Võ Nguyên Giáp wanted to make sure that
2059:
On August 24 the Việt Minh declared a provisional administration, a
Southern Administrative Committee, in Saigon. When, for the declared purpose of disarming the Japanese, the Việt Minh accommodated the landing and strategic positioning of British and British-Indian troops, the rival political groups
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arrived in Saigon on 13 September, they brought along a detachment of French troops. The acquiescence of British occupation forces in the south allowed the French to move rapidly to reassert control over the south of the country, where its economic interests were strongest, DRV authority was weakest
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In Saigon, the brutal reassertion of French authority under the protection of British, British-Indian and British-commandeered Japanese, forces triggered a general uprising on 23 September. But the various militias were not only hit hard by the newly disembarked French forces, as they fell back into
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had joined the Việt Minh despite Major Thomas having received clear orders to "sit tight until further orders" from the OSS. While the reasons for the battle of Thái Nguyên remain unclear, Bob Bergin speculates that the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) leaders wanted to test the combat capabilities
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On 16 August the first National People's Congress was formed and it consisted of delegates from all the different political parties that formed the Việt Minh, the first National People's Congress included various mass organisations and representatives of different ethnic groups and religious groups.
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In the north, Lê Trọng Nghĩa, who later became the head of the Intelligence Department for both the Communist Party and the military, said of events in Hanoi: 'The government did not hand over power or collapse, the Việt Minh made the decision to destroy what was there, the entire administration. We
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Tran Trong Kim's government had resigned earlier, on 13 August, yielding to Hồ Chí Minh's new Vietnamese Provisional Government. Later that month, Emperor Bảo Đại formally abdicated and turned over the imperial seal to the Việt Minh government. He was then offered a position as supreme advisor. On 2
1801:
in 1926, it would grow to be the largest of the region's politically oriented religious entities, and in many ways the most powerful. More than a decade later, in 1939, Prophet Huynh Phu So introduced another politico-religious organization into southern Vietnam's anticolonial milieu by founding the
1726:
It is generally agreed that French colonial rule was politically repressive and economically exploitative to the original inhabitants; therefore, the Vietnamese struggle against French colonialism was well established by World War II, being close to a century in progress. Incursions by missionaries,
2225:
questioned Halberstam's claims as he provided no evidence, meanwhile Bergin estimated that perhaps only around 200 or so weapons had been given to the Việt Minh by the Americans during this period. Bergin noted that Ho Chi Minh learned from his own experiences that the Americans wouldn't supply him
1976:
However, the Việt Minh was not the only political organization to anticipate an opportunity. In fact, after the brief storm of bullets of 9 March, political parties, groups, and associations were formed throughout Vietnam. In the south, because of the weak status of the communist movement, the Việt
1956:
in northern Vietnam. The Việt Minh encouraged the creation of "national salvation associations" and adopted guerrilla warfare as the cornerstone of its revolutionary strategy. After the coup, the Japanese were content to control the large cities and leave the countryside to the Vietnamese. The Việt
1944:
If the 9 March coup was a disaster for the French, it was an opportunity for Vietnamese nationalists. In fact, it marked a turning point in the Vietnamese revolution. Freed from French repression, which had continued unabated in the early phase of the Japanese occupation, Vietnamese revolutionaries
1903:
After the Japanese removed the French from administrative control in Indochina, they made no attempt to impose their own direct control of the civilian administration. Concerned primarily with the defense of Vietnam against an Allied invasion, the Japanese were not interested in Vietnamese politics
1789:
Ho Chi Minh went by many names during his rise to power, including Nguyen Tat Thanh "Nguyen Who Will Be Victorious," Nguyen O Phap "Nguyen Who Hates the French" and Nguyen Ai Quoc "Nguyen Who Loves His Country". The changes were used to further his cause of uniting the citizens and encouraging them
1722:
was created at a later time. To justify their rule, the French claimed that it was their responsibility to help undeveloped regions in Asia become “civilized.” Without French intervention, they asserted, these places would remain backward, uncultured, and impoverished. In a view based more on solid
2824:
Ho Chi Minh sent a cable on 17 October 1945 to American President Harry S. Truman calling on him, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Premier Stalin and Premier Attlee to go to the United Nations against France and demand France not be allowed to return to occupy Vietnam, accusing France of having sold
2220:
this is contradicted by "a considerable of evidence" suggesting that the Allied forces supplied the Việt Minh with 5,000 weapons during the summer of 1945. According to both Communist and French accounts the Việt Minh's military numbered only around 5,000 at the time of the fall of Japan. As 5,000
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and so he turned to "the only source ," the Việt Minh. Patti was introduced to Ho Chi Minh by Colonel Austin Glass, the OSS expert in Indochina. Patti met Ho Chi Minh on the French Indochinese-Chinese border in late April 1945. Patti agreed to provide intelligence to the allies if he could have "a
2094:
against the Japanese by establishing 7 war zones across Vietnam named after past heroes of Vietnam, calling for propaganda to explain to the people that their only way forward was violent resistance against the Japanese and exposing the Vietnamese puppet government that served them. The conference
2043:
However, while the people celebrated their victory in the north, the Việt Minh faced various problems in the south, which was politically more diverse than the north. The Việt Minh had been unable to establish the same degree of control in the south as in the north. There were serious divisions in
2010:
The devastation contributed to the crisis of authority in the country. Neither the French nor the Japanese took effective measures to alleviate the famine, and Kim's government could do nothing without Japanese consent. The misery and anger combined to foster a new interest in politics, especially
2812:
General Lu Han's 200,000 Chinese soldiers occupied north Vietnam starting August 1945. 90,000 arrived by October, the 62nd army came on 26 September to Nam Dinh and Haiphong. Lang Son and Cao Bang were occupied by the Guangxi 62nd army corps and the red river region and Lai Cai were occupied by a
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The August Revolution was proclaimed to be successful, on 25 August 1945, President Hồ Chí Minh together with the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Trung ương Đảng) and the National Committee for the Liberation of the People (Ủy ban Dân tộc giải phóng) returned to Hanoi. The abdication of
2249:
was able to purchase 3,000 rifles, 50 automatic rifles, 600 submachine guns, and 100 mortars of American manufacture. According to Fall the Vietnam People's Army also secured substantial French and Japanese stocks of firearms and other military equipment (31,000 rifles, 700 automatic weapons, 36
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had already given most of his weapons to the Việt Minh's Vietnamese-American Force, which became an issue when he received a message from Kunming, China that he was to return all OSS equipment to an American base stationed in China. However, by the time Thomas received this message both the Việt
1899:
In the evening of 9 March 1945, the Japanese forces attacked the French in every center and removed the French from administrative control of Indochina. In less than 24 hours, the major part of the French armed forces throughout Indochina was put out of combat. The entire French colonial system,
2820:
Starving Vietnamese were dying throughout northern Vietnam in 1945 due to the Japanese seizure of their crops by the time the Chinese came to disarm the Japanese and Vietnamese corpses were all throughout the streets of Hanoi and had to be cleaned up by students. While Chiang Kai-shek, Xiao Wen
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and the 3 OSS Special Operations teams in northern Tonkin to return to Kunming as soon as possible and that no further help should be given to the Việt Minh. Archimedes Patti hoped to quickly distance the Americans from both the French and the Việt Minh to avoid getting involved in the internal
2854:
and Phu Lu, which caused 400 Vietnamese who were trained by the French to defect on 20 June 1948. Buddhist statues were looted and Vietnamese were robbed, raped and tortured by the French after the French crushed the Viet Minh in northern Vietnam in 1947–1948 forcing the Viet Minh to flee into
2829:
and was attacked by western imperialists so it was "not the same as feudal China". Ho Chi Minh forbade his soldiers like Trần Huy Liệu in Phú Thọ from attacking Chinese soldiers and Ho Chi Minh even surrendered Vietnamese who attacked Chinese soldiers to be executed as punishment in the Ro-Nha
2027:
on 15 August, the Việt Minh immediately launched the insurrection that they had already prepared for a long time. 'People's Revolutionary Committees' across the countryside took over administrative positions, often acting on their own initiative, and in the cities, the Japanese stood by as the
2816:
Ho Chi Minh confiscated gold taels, jewelry and coins in September 1945 during "Gold Week" to give to Chinese forces occupying northern Vietnam. Rice to Cochinchina by the French in October 1945 were divided by Ho Chi Minh, and the northern Vietnamese only received one third while the Chinese
2006:
During the war, the Japanese had forced many rice farmers to grow other crops. As a result, rice production decreased, especially in the north, where crops had often been supplemented in the past by shipments from the south. Now, however, Japanese troops consumed the surplus from the south or
2497:
of France. A French military force entitled "Lambda" consisting of 6 men led by the French captain Castelnat parachuted 28 kilometers from Huế in order to try to prevent Emperor Bảo Đại from abdicating. However, they were captured by the Việt Minh as soon as their parachutes hit the ground.
2014:
During the famine, the Việt Minh conducted raids on Japanese granaries and the rice storage facilities of Vietnamese landlords. In the long run, the Việt Minh thus increased popular support, highlighted the impotency of Kim's government and intensified popular feelings against the French and
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broke down over the issue of the fate of southern Vietnam. As talks failed to bring results, both sides began to prepare for a military solution. Provocations by both French and DRV troops led to the outbreak of full-scale guerrilla war on 19 December 1946. Nearly one year after the August
2279:(POW) matters, he was shocked to see the situation in Hanoi. Patti soon found himself having to calm down the French and was worried that the demonstrations in Hanoi could soon turn into bloody situations. Patti radioed the American military base in Kunming telling them to persuade the OSS
2903:
The preliminary accord was but the first step toward an intended overall and lasting agreement. Southern Vietnam's future political status had to be negotiated. From June to September 1946, Hồ Chí Minh met with French representatives in Vietnam and France to discuss that and other issues.
2200:
On 8 August 1945, Hanoi's political situation became more and more heated due to the upheavals of the Second World War. The Japanese army suffered one defeat after another on allied fronts. During that time, the Việt Minh leadership instructed to conduct secret contacts with Khâm sai
1957:
Minh, in particular, took advantage of the situation to strengthen their power. During the five months of the Japanese interlude, the Việt Minh carried out propaganda activities and organizational work in the Vietnamese countryside to prepare for the anticipated popular insurrection.
2771:
Just as Hồ Chí Minh and the Việt Minh had begun to extend DRV control to all of Vietnam, the attention of his new government was shifting from internal matters to the arrival of Allied troops. At the Potsdam conference in July 1945, the Allies divided Indochina into two zones at the
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had an inventory of assets in the imperial Citadel to hand over to the Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The most valuable items were the historical pearl and ivory objects of the Nguyễn Emperors. These were stored in a large tunnel behind the
2531:
independence. Both of these edicts made it clear that Emperor Bảo Đại's will to step aside on behalf of the new government in Hanoi. The edicts also contained the notion that he was unambiguously transmitting his mandate voluntarily rather than under any form of coercion.
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2368:
On 17 August 1945, the government of Trần Trọng Kim held a national rally, but because of the support of the people, the rally turned into a march in support of the Việt Minh forces. As the imperial government of Vietnam saw the success of the August Revolution minister
1904:
although they also understood the desirability of a certain degree of administrative continuity. It was to their advantage to install a Vietnamese government that would acquiesce in the Japanese military presence. With that in mind, the Japanese persuaded the Vietnamese
2634:(near the Notre Dame Cathedral) waiting to hear President Ho Chi Minh read Declaration of Independence in Hanoi. But due to the bad weather and the level of technology at that time, Ho Chi Minh's proclamations to the nation did not reach the people attending the rally.
1766:
During the colonial period, the French (in their quest to civilize the people of South-East Asia) transformed Vietnamese society. Education and national industry were promoted, which had the unintended effect of stimulating the development of nationalist movements.
2226:
with a sufficient amount of weapons if he asked for them and that an insufficient supply of weapons had always plagued the Việt Minh. The weapons supplied to them were supposed to have been used by the Vietnamese-American Force if the war would have continued.
2095:
also called for training propagandists and having women spread military propaganda and target Japanese soldiers with Chinese language leaflets and Japanese language propaganda. The Việt Minh's Vietnamese Liberation Army published the "Resistance against Japan" (
2869:
As southern Vietnam's disunited resistance forces struggled to push back French advances, Hồ Chí Minh and the DRV started to negotiate with France in the hope of preserving national independence and to avoid war. In March 1946, the two sides reached an accord.
1936:
From March to August 1945, Vietnam enjoyed what was essentially "fake independence." In the aftermath of the coup, the Japanese most definitely wanted to minimize internal change in Indochina, which would have adversely affected their military objectives. The
1809:
His alleged miracle cures, preaching, and carrying out acts of extreme charity for the poor made Prophet Huynh Phu So, by the end of 1939, attract tens of thousands of adherents to the new Hòa Hảo organization. The third politico-religious organization called
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However, in the north, the occupation period became the critical opportunity for the Việt Minh to consolidate and triumph over domestic rivals. On 20 August, Chiang Kai-shek gave orders for the Chinese First Front Army, under the command of General
2884:
However, the status of southern Vietnam was the sticking point. The March accord, which called for a referendum to determine whether the south would rejoin the rest of the country or remain a separate French territory, left the fate of former
2561:
It is said that during the ceremony the Bảo Đại Emperor said that he would rather "be a citizen of a free country than the Emperor of an enslaved country". At the end of the abdication ceremony it is reported that the crowd loudly exclaimed
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was a trained nurse he supplied Ho Chi Minh with the right medicine to let him recover from his illness. Though there is controversy if the Americans saved Ho Chi Minh from "an early grave" or if he would have recovered without their help.
1875:
In September 1940, just months after France capitulated to Germany, Japanese troops took advantage of French weakness to station troops in northern Vietnam for the purpose of cutting off the supply route to the southern flank of the
2597:(Supreme-councilor of the government), but Bảo Đại understood that this position was one that could have easily resulted in his death if he ever stepped out of line. President Hồ Chí Minh hoped that he could make Bảo Đại into the "
3734:
Marr, David G, Vietnam 1945: the Quest for Power, p. 458. According to Tran Van Rich's (unpublished) Memoirs, only Pham Ngoc Thach was sent to meet Terauchi and he was given swords and guns by the Marshal as recitatives of his
2317:
2308:
from Japanese rule, after the battle ended Thái Nguyên erupted in celebrations and held an independence parade. From this point onwards the Americans completely disassociated themselves from engaging in the August Revolution.
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a compelling prequel to the modern nationalist movements of the 1930s. Although all of the rebellions failed without exception, they remained a powerful symbol of resistance and calling to better days in the local population.
1814:, can be traced back to the early 1920s, but Bình Xuyên did not become a truly organized political force until the end of the Second World War. All three organizations were major anticolonial powers in southern Vietnam.
2300:
of the Vietnamese-American Joint Force and that they had hoped for an easy victory that would both psychologically and politically reenforce the legitimacy and strength of the Việt Minh. According to American historian
2520:
came to the palace to receive the documents of resignation, Emperor Bảo Đại at first gave the declaration to Trần Huy Liệu, but Liệu then convinced the Emperor to hold a formal ceremony announcing his abdication.
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Chinese communist guerilla leader Chu Chia-pi came into northern Vietnam multiple times in 1945 and 1948 and helped the Viet Minh fight against the French from Yunnan. Other Chinese Communists, including general
2995:
1977:
Minh failed to take the leadership of the movements during the preparation for insurrection. Several politico-religious organizations mentioned above rapidly expanded their power. In the early of summer 1945,
2015:
Japanese. The Việt Minh succeeded in creating People's Revolutionary Committees all over the north. The committees were to take over local administration when the Việt Minh launched the general insurrection.
2173:
his newly equipped forces would be witnessed by as many people as possible showcasing them to people who would cheer them on and welcome them as liberators. By the time of the Japanese surrender OSS Major
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suggested to Trần Trọng Kim to dissolve the government in favour of the Việt Minh in solidarity around the strongest and most enthusiastic organisation noting that this would disallow foreigners to play
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set an ultimatum of 12 hours for Bảo Đại to abdicate, otherwise they couldn't guarantee that he or his family would survive the August Revolution. Bảo Đại claimed that he had attempted to contact the
1880:. From 1940 to March 1945, the French retained their administrative responsibilities, police duties, and even their colonial army in exchange for allowing Japanese troops and material to pass through
2510:
3455:"I. Documents From the August Revolution Resolution of the Tonkin Revolutionary Military Conference, JPRS 53169 19 May 1971 Translations on North Vietnam No. 940 Documents on the August Revolution"
2547:
2524:
Together with his edict declaring his abdication, Emperor Bảo Đại also promulgated an edict which was directed at the imperial family of the Nguyễn dynasty, reminding them of his attachment to the
2335:
On the afternoon of the 19th, the Ambassador was 'invited' to attend a meeting with the leaders of Etsumei (Việt Minh) and participated in discussions with them, considered as official authorities.
2846:
Vietnamese civilians were robbed, raped and killed by French soldiers in Saigon when they came back in August 1945. Vietnamese women were also raped in north Vietnam by the French like in Bảo Hà,
2164:
with one being for the Việt Minh recruits, another one being for the OSS members, and another serving as a warehouse, infirmary, and radio centre. Chairman Ho referred to these barracks as the
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saying that there were urgent and confidential matters. At that time, the journalist Nguyễn Kỳ Nam was present because he was General Manager of the Ministry of Justice office in Huế of the
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converted it to fuel for military vehicles. Terrible flooding in the spring of 1945 added to the misery. Starving peasants flocked to the cities or died passively in the countryside.
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The abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại was officially announced on 25 August 1945. The imperial edict ending the Nguyễn dynasty was composed by Emperor Bảo Đại with the help of Prince
3702:
1735:), a large-scale Vietnamese insurgency between 1885 and 1889 against French colonial rule in favor of restoring the de facto, and not just de jure, power of the native dynasty.
2205:, who represented the Court of the Nguyễn dynasty in the North, asking him to side with the Việt Minh. Toại was puzzled by the Việt Minh's invitation to join their government.
1750:
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3970:(in Vietnamese). Trung tâm Lưu trữ quốc gia I (National Archives Nr. 1, Hanoi) – Cục Văn thư và Lưu trữ nhà nước (State Records And Archives Management Department Of Việt Nam)
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2233:", Ho Chi Minh asked the Vietnamese people to contribute their gold to the Việt Minh to be able to purchase more armaments from both the Imperial Japanese forces and Chiang's
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who apologised for their leader's absence as Ho Chi Minh was weak and dying suffering from "malaria, dengue fever, dysentery, or a combination of all three.", as OSS medic
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sweep through the South Pacific. A seaborne Allied landing in Indochina and an overland attack from China became real threats to the Japanese. In addition, an upsurge of
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2084:
In Hanoi on 15–20 April 1945 the Tonkin Revolutionary Military Conference of the Việt Minh issued a resolution that was reprinted on pages 1–4 on 25 August 1970 in the
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was the first of southern Vietnam's three most influential politico-religious organizations to emerge in the colonial era. Officially founded by colonial civil servant
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which had been in existence for almost 87 years, came tumbling down. Practically all French civil and military leaders were made prisoners, including Admiral Decoux.
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328:
5871:
2635:
2424:– two senior representatives of the Việt Minh – that the Japanese would not intervene if the Việt Minh seized power. Terauchi also handed over his personal sword (
2417:
2370:
5760:
2275:
When OSS Indochina operations chief Archimedes Patti arrived in Hanoi on 21 August with an OSS team, and accompanied by a five-man French military team to handle
1941:
Cabinet was, from all available evidence, a government only in name and ruled over no state in fact. Indochinese affairs were still in the hands of the Japanese.
2513:
2346:
2873:
Instead of obtaining French recognition of Vietnamese "independence," Hồ Chí Minh agreed to his government being weakly identified as a "free state" within the
2202:
1509:
348:
296:
1948:
In May 1941, Hồ Chí Minh formed the Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh (League for the Independence of Vietnam), or Việt Minh for short, at the Eighth Plenum of the
2926:
2174:
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2558:
Emperor Bảo Đại further symbolised the end of the military government and the beginning of a civilian government for the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
1864:
4936:
1424:
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begged for Bảo Đại to take shelter in the Imperial Tomb but he refused. Bảo Đại later received a second telegram from Hanoi asking for his abdication.
433:
2003:
The famine of 1945 was another issue of utmost importance during the Japanese interlude. The famine was caused by both artificial and natural factors.
474:
394:
389:
377:
365:
2397:), which was originally the policing department of Trần Trọng Kim's government but when the revolution broke out, it turned to support the Việt Minh.
2526:
1096:
2631:
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2149:
1031:
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Following his abdication former Emperor Bảo Đại accepted President Hồ Chí Minh's offer to become an advisor to the new Vietnamese government in
5245:
5062:
1480:
5356:
2099:) newspaper. They also called for the creation of a group called "Chinese and Vietnamese Allied against Japan" by sending leaflets to recruit
1856:
1695:
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438:
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467:
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the countryside they were also assailed by the Việt Minh, who hunted down and executed their leaders (among their victims, the Trotskyists
2222:
2076:
to influence the outcome of the people's uprising, and using our covert operatives within the puppet apparatus to collapse things within'.
5780:
2250:
artillery pieces, and 18 tanks) which were supposed to have been secured by the Chinese after the surrender of Japan, but were unable to.
2230:
1492:
5037:
3699:
1742:
Penitentiary, the largest penal institution in northern Tonkin. The extraordinary regional and social diversity of its force makes the
1341:
1191:
791:
5116:
Zinoman, Peter (February 2000). "Colonial Prisons and Anti-Colonial Resistance in French Indochina: The Thai Nguyen Rebellion, 1917".
2117:
in March 1945, the French colonials were either unwilling or unable to assist him in establishing an American intelligence network in
1960:
5861:
5799:
5238:
2186:
2136:
and 3 French special operatives arrived by parachute at the Việt Minh headquarters at Kim Lung. The remaining six members of the OSS
1485:
4158:
4001:
1670:
on 2 September 1945 with his quote “all men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights.”
5881:
5794:
3797:
3570:"Studies in Intelligence Vol. 62, No. 2 (Extracts, June 2018) – Old Man Ho – The OSS Role in Ho Chi Minh's Rise to Political Power"
1380:
1305:
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491:
48:
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127:
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in Vietnam to their cause. The resolution called on forcing the French in Vietnam to recognise Vietnamese independence and for
1647:
579:
2706:
1662:. The August Revolution sought to create a unified regime for the entire country under the Việt Minh's rule. Việt Minh leader
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to representatives of the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in ceremony. In this ceremony he handed over the
5331:
3121:
2904:
Unfortunately, almost immediately after the signing of the 6 March accord, relations began to deteriorate. Negotiations at
2259:
During the meeting the attendees were greeted by disciplined soldiers well-armed in uniform and at building photographs of
1793:
In the south, the anticolonial nationalist movement was more complicated than in the north due to political divisions. The
1395:
1353:
1186:
786:
2237:, within only a short amount of time people "from all walks of life" had contributed 370 kilograms of gold and 20,000,000
5886:
5427:
4067:"Bảo Đại trao kiếm giả cho 'cách mạng'? Mùa thu năm trước Bảo tàng Lịch sử Việt Nam mang chuông sang gióng ở thủ đô Pháp"
3858:
3633:
Quoted by Lê Trọng Nghĩa, "Revolutionary People's Committees Launched in Hanoi After the August Revolutionary Uprising" (
2713:
1497:
1162:
895:
3937:
2550:") to the Communist government. The passing of the ceremonial seal and sword had been seen as symbolically "passing the
20:
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4337:
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in 1925. On 3 February 1930, a special conference was held in Hong Kong under the chairmanship of Hồ Chí Minh, and the
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505:
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44:
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returned to Paris at the head of the French Provisional Government in September 1944 added to Japanese concerns.
1715:
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5851:
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5513:
4892:
4839:
4801:
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3047:
The Indochinese Communist Party's Unfinished Revolution of 1945 and the Origins of Vietnam's 30-Year Civil War.
2985:
2787:
The occupation period proved to be a great challenge for Ho Chi Minh and the ICP. When British forces from the
2691:
2621:
2037:
1334:
1324:
1019:
934:
2702:
5856:
5225:
4578:. From Indochina to Vietnam: Revolution and War in a Global Perspective. Vol. 6 (illustrated ed.).
4125:
4066:
3828:
1770:
In the north, the anticolonial nationalist movement was dominated by communism after Hồ Chí Minh created the
1646:
Within two weeks, forces under the Việt Minh had seized control of most rural villages and cities throughout
1524:
1249:
723:
549:
2437:
entered southern French Indochina after the surrender of Japan they became politically involved and imposed
2349:
on 12 August 1945 a Japanese general entered the city of Huế and asked to meet with the Minister of Justice
5720:
5584:
3220:
2189:
it would become clear that the Japanese were on the losing side and as American troops moved closer to the
2129:
1884:. By 1943, however, there were signs that the Japanese might lose the war. The United States had begun the
1723:
reality, French imperialism was driven by the demand for resources, namely raw materials and cheap labour.
1703:
1643:, was created in 1941 and designed to appeal to a wider population than what the communists could command.
1564:
1274:
1179:
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758:
5708:
5397:
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1949:
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1719:
1707:
1640:
1429:
941:
748:
665:
574:
569:
5311:
5846:
5447:
4997:
4714:
4483:"9. Vietnam's Second Appeal to the United States: Cable to President Harry S Truman (October 17, 1945)"
4389:
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1319:
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to ask for an audience with the Emperor to ask for permission to deal with the Việt Minh's uprising.
5569:
5533:
5523:
5351:
5326:
5321:
3174:
2490:
1998:
1981:
leaders opened talks with the heads of other southern nationalist groups in the south, including the
1743:
1419:
838:
675:
338:
4795:
5841:
5629:
5103:
5043:
4420:
3899:
3471:
I. Documents from the August Revolution Resolution of the Tonkin Revolutionary Military Conference
2864:
2246:
1877:
1584:
1365:
1225:
1058:
880:
848:
738:
660:
542:
5468:
5341:
2107:'s France (Allied French) to recognise their independence and cooperate with them against Japan.
5579:
5493:
5376:
5346:
5068:
4236:
2680:
1881:
1550:
1370:
1046:
1041:
970:
690:
5528:
5498:
5478:
5301:
4485:. In Gettleman, Marvin E.; Franklin, Jane; Young, Marilyn Blatt; Franklin, Howard Bruce (eds.).
2847:
2382:
5876:
5381:
5296:
2874:
2788:
2727:
2354:
2168:, the Vietnamese-American Force. The Việt Minh supplied the OSS with 110 recruits of which the
1938:
1738:
In 1917, a band of political prisoners, common criminals and mutinous prison guards seized the
1414:
1125:
922:
853:
775:
743:
713:
708:
258:
60:
4708:
4615:
4573:
4448:
4383:
4357:
4230:
3718:
2145:
225:
5564:
5554:
5168:
Ho Chi Minh's Blueprint for Revolution: In the Words of Vietnamese Strategists and Operatives
5021:. Berkeley, California: Institution of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley.
4677:
4646:
4542:
4511:
4482:
4414:
4323:
4292:
4261:
3880:
3429:
Ho Chi Minh's Blueprint for Revolution, In the Words of Vietnamese Strategists and Operatives
2931:
2776:, attaching the southern zone to the Southeast Asia command and leaving the northern part to
2053:
1965:
1822:
1569:
1329:
1172:
958:
927:
875:
728:
718:
623:
5755:
5549:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
2941:") is a 1976 Vietnamese movie dramatized a rebellion in Hanoi during the August Revolution.
2586:. Phạm Khắc Hòe would organise the handover ceremony that was to be held on 30 August 1945.
2381:
On 23 August, the Việt Minh-led uprising in Huế won. The people directing the uprising were
1798:
5609:
5286:
5175:
Vu, Tuong (2014). "Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution".
5118:
4683:
4298:
2260:
1514:
1502:
1390:
1196:
1012:
823:
818:
796:
770:
608:
443:
428:
423:
418:
5574:
5559:
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3933:
3824:
2457:
Un comité de patriotes représentant tous les partis et toutes les couches de la population
828:
8:
5508:
5371:
5336:
4863:
The Vietnamese Revolution of 1945: Roosevelt, Ho Chi Minh and de Gaulle in a World at War
4166:
4155:
4143:
3750:
3722:
3435:
2914:
2898:
2773:
1627:'the Total uprising to seize power in August'), was a revolution launched by the
1622:
1613:
1601:
1385:
1259:
685:
680:
133:
5634:
5614:
5503:
2851:
2493:
or Phạm Khắc Hòe. The latter drew a comparison with this situation and the fate of King
2072:
were bold. Approaching the Japanese, harnessing the energy around the popularity of the
1786:
in November 1945, it held a leading position in the Vietnamese anticolonial revolution.
72:
5831:
5732:
5604:
5422:
5417:
5194:
5143:
5135:
4965:
4297:. Uncovering the Past: Documentary Readers in American History (illustrated ed.).
3907:
3637:), printed in: 19-8: Revolution is Creativity, Vietnam Historical Science Association (
3034:
2574:
to an independent Vietnam! Ten-thousand years to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam!).
2571:
2375:
2362:
2024:
1905:
1861:
Before 1945, France and Japan had uneasily ruled Vietnam together for over four years.
1711:
1543:
1536:
1475:
1465:
1439:
1291:
1213:
1036:
1002:
985:
890:
813:
517:
353:
5670:
5619:
5599:
5407:
4857:
3070:
3015:"Making Revolutionary Nationalism: Vietnam, America and the August Revolution of 1945"
2643:
1909:
1829:
1783:
240:
5412:
5306:
5281:
5147:
5072:
5047:
5022:
5001:
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4960:
4946:
4932:
4921:
4896:
4871:
4843:
4833:
4813:
4718:
4687:
4679:
America at War Since 1945: Politics and Diplomacy in Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War
4656:
4625:
4611:
4593:
4583:
4552:
4521:
4490:
4458:
4424:
4393:
4363:
4353:
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4302:
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1778:
was then born. In October, following a Comintern directive, this name was changed to
1632:
1576:
1529:
1434:
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1208:
1051:
1007:
910:
900:
808:
635:
589:
179:
27:
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5488:
5230:
5039:
Cauldron of Resistance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and 1950s Southern Vietnam
3367:
In the ruins of empire : the Japanese surrender and the battle for postwar Asia
2517:
2028:
Vietnamese took control. On the morning of 19 August, the Việt Minh took control of
5696:
5198:
5186:
5127:
4910:
4805:
4780:
4444:
3990:
Mười lăm phút tiếp chuyện công dân Vĩnh Thụy sau ngày thoái vị ngôi vua (31-8-1945)
3941:
3832:
3604:
3046:
3026:
2797:
2627:
2305:
2217:
2185:
While in early August 1945 the end of the war still seemed far away, following the
2110:
2100:
2091:
1739:
1699:
1684:
1470:
1298:
1284:
1254:
1167:
1147:
995:
980:
905:
655:
630:
603:
562:
274:
5463:
2288:
at this point was already fighting alongside the Việt Minh against the Japanese.
2221:
weapons would have been a highly significant amount American intelligence scholar
263:
245:
5660:
5276:
4867:
4784:
4162:
4132:
4105:"Nhận định về ba vai trò của Bảo Đại: Vua, Cố vấn tối cao, và Quốc trưởng (p. 1)"
3706:
3676:"Nhận định về ba vai trò của Bảo Đại: Vua, Cố vấn tối cao, và Quốc trưởng (p. 4)"
2972:
2826:
2777:
2489:
It is not known who convinced Emperor Bảo Đại to abdicate, as it might have been
2471:
2464:
2276:
2242:
1811:
1636:
1400:
1375:
1244:
733:
695:
670:
613:
598:
584:
512:
333:
192:
3635:
Các Ủy ban nhân dân cách mạng ra mắt ở Hà Nội sau Khởi nghĩa Cách mạng tháng Tám
2272:
later the Việt Minh would successfully take Hanoi and most of northern Vietnam.
2197:, its first order was to commence a general military insurrection on 14 August.
2068:. They fired upon crowds demanding arms against a French colonial restoration.
5686:
5624:
4972:
4942:
4232:
Rice Wars in Colonial Vietnam: The Great Famine and the Viet Minh Road to Power
2990:
2958:
2434:
2386:
2264:
2190:
1885:
1458:
1312:
1220:
1142:
975:
885:
861:
618:
5190:
5131:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3030:
2542:(皇帝之寶) seal weighing around 10 kilograms and the jade-encrusted silver sword (
2061:
2049:
1978:
1803:
5815:
5442:
5018:
Occupation and Revolution; China and the Vietnamese August Revolution of 1945
4791:
4597:
4138:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
2909:
2615:
2598:
2509:
within the Citadel of Huế. The next morning, when the representatives of the
2468:
2460:
2406:
2126:
2086:
1667:
1628:
965:
164:
139:
120:
78:
3961:
3959:
5402:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4022:
Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam, Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản, 1990, trang 186–188.
3782:
2886:
2878:
2301:
2160:
build a training camp for the Việt Minh, this training camp consisted of 3
2011:
among the younger generation, which the Việt Minh turned to its advantage.
1982:
1794:
1449:
1444:
1358:
459:
56:
4809:
4013:
Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam, Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản, 1990, trang 186–188
3738:
3492:
2534:
As a part of his official abdication, Emperor Bảo Đại personally gave his
2511:
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
5691:
4478:
3956:
3800:. End of Empire – 100 Days in 1945 That Changed Asia and The World. (The
2438:
1986:
1953:
1818:
1663:
1135:
1106:
214:
52:
5655:
4047:
3221:
https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol3/no2/thau.html
2966:
2409:, the important symbolic act of the transfer of power was Field Marshal
1694:
All of Vietnam was under the French colonial regime from 1885 until the
16:
1945 uprising which resulted in the overthrow of the Vietnamese monarchy
4033:"Cách mạng tháng Tám thành công, nước Việt Nam Dân chủ cộng hòa ra đời"
3903:
3873:
3700:
Thực chất chính phủ Trần Trọng Kim và "lòng yêu nước" của ông thủ tướng
2694: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2482:
for help but that none of them answered. A young tutor of Crown Prince
2268:
2036:
September, Hồ Chí Minh declared independence for the newly established
1826:
5665:
5139:
4651:. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia (reprint ed.).
2284:
struggles going on Vietnam. However, this was already too late as the
2060:
turned out in force. On September 7 and 8, 1945, in the delta city of
4652:
4621:
4548:
4517:
4329:
4267:
4060:
3925:
3816:
3334:
2835:
2494:
2475:
2426:
2118:
1989:, to fight for and defend an independent Vietnam when the war ended.
1754:
1631:(League for the Independence of Vietnam formed in China) against the
1558:
2669:
2626:
On 2 September 1945, thousands of people from many provinces and in
2430:) and personal gun to Việt Minh representatives as a symbolic act.
4419:. Vietnam war era classics series (illustrated, reprint ed.).
4070:
2213:
2161:
2064:
the Committee had to rely on what had been the Japanese-auxiliary,
2045:
1889:
1825:. In April 1939, the United Workers and Peasants slate, led by the
951:
946:
5367:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
5261:
2611:
Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
2577:
On the afternoon of 27 August and the morning of 28 August 1945,
2535:
2263:
were prominently displayed next to portraits of Bolshevik leader
2114:
1651:
108:
4388:. Translated by Duiker, Claire (illustrated, reprint ed.).
2807:
2766:
3461:. JPRS. U.S. Joint Publications Research Service. pp. 1–7.
2905:
2801:
2554:
over to the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam".
2358:
1969:
1790:
to rebel. Ho Chi Minh means "Ho Who Aspires To Enlightenment".
1659:
3482:"Vietnam: A Television History; Interview with Carleton Swift"
2245:
later commented on the success of "Gold Week" saying that the
1074:
4062:
3798:"Bao Dai's abdication and the failure of an imperial project"
3772:
3770:
3768:
2590:
2410:
2330:
2044:
the independence movement in the south, where the Việt Minh,
2029:
1929:
1868:
1655:
1639:
in the latter half of August 1945. The Việt Minh, led by the
82:
3669:
3667:
3322:
2333:, the Japanese ambassador to Indochina in Hanoi confirmed: "
4098:
4096:
3709:, Tuần báo Văn Nghệ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh số 446, 29/4/2017
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3071:"Vo Nguyen Giap | Biography & Vietnam War | Britannica"
1835:
4489:(illustrated, revised ed.). Grove Press. p. 47.
3765:
3233:
In the Crossfire: Adventures of a Vietnamese Revolutionary
2616:
Events in Saigon following the declaration of independence
2090:
journal. It called for a general uprising, resistance and
1915:
3938:"Kỳ án ấn và kiếm tại lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại (Kỳ 2)"
3931:
3829:"Kỳ án ấn và kiếm tại lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại (Kỳ 1)"
3822:
2841:
4210:
4093:
3644:
3618:
The Shadow Warriors: O.S.S. and the Origins of the C.I.A
3298:
3202:
Loren Goldner, "The Anti-Colonial Movement in Vietnam".
3175:"Le mouvement IVe Internationale en lndochine 1930-1939"
2357:
cabinet. He informed the minister that he had come from
2295:
against the Japanese. Earlier on 16 August 1945 the OSS
4773:] (in Vietnamese). Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản. 1990.
4743:
3310:
3154:
2389:. The uprising was contributed by the Frontline Youth (
1761:
4617:
The Communist Road To Power In Vietnam: Second Edition
3346:
3262:
3238:
1714:, which were parts of Vietnam, and the newly acquired
5260:
4731:
3383:
3088:
2792:
and colonial forces were the most deeply entrenched.
2441:
in order to keep anti-colonial forces under control.
2182:
were on the road to Hanoi to proclaim a revolution.
4181:
Operation Masterdom: Britain's Secret War in Vietnam
3639:
Cách mạng là sáng tạo, Hội Khoa học Lịch sử Việt Nam
3406:. University of California Press. pp. 408–409.
3286:
3274:
3250:
3130:
2948:
1850:
1702:
including the three separately-ruled territories of
304:
3142:
2858:
2253:
1782:(ICP). Until the party was officially disbanded by
4964:
3852:
3850:
3116:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 123.
2291:From 20 to 25 August the Việt Minh engaged in the
3620:(Basic Books, 1983), quoted in Bartholomew-Feis,
2913:Revolution, the DRV and France were fighting the
2321:A pro-Việt Minh rally and parade in front of the
2032:, seizing northern Vietnam in the next few days.
5813:
4682:. Religious Studies; 39 (illustrated ed.).
4325:Britain in Vietnam: Prelude to Disaster, 1945–46
4126:Lâm ủy Hành chính Nam Bộ sau Cách mạng Tháng Tám
3744:
2444:
5872:Military history of Vietnam during World War II
4835:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946)
4575:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946)
4165:, Trường Bồi dưỡng Cán bộ Giáo dục Hà Nội. (in
3847:
3695:
3693:
3404:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946)
2140:would arrive by parachute on 29 July. When the
1698:of March 1945. In 1887, the French created the
19:For the 1983 military coup in Upper Volta, see
4102:
3795:
3673:
3607:, Da Nang Publishing House, 2008, pp. 301, 302
2996:Vietnamese resistance movement in World War II
2604:
5246:
4914:Why Viet Nam?: Prelude to America's Albatross
4450:Why Viet Nam?: Prelude to America's Albatross
3885:"Why the North Vietnamese Will Keep Fighting"
2808:Entry of Chinese troops into northern Vietnam
2767:Allied occupation and Việt Minh consolidation
2178:Minh's Vietnamese-American Force and the OSS
2156:In the first six days of August 1945 the OSS
1090:
475:
290:
5099:"Vietnamese August Revolution Reinterpreted"
3690:
1992:
489:
5165:
5092:. Worcester, and London: The Trinity Press.
2216:" to the Việt Minh but according to author
2066:Jeunesse d'Avant-Garde/Thanh Nien Tienphong
1618:Tổng khởi-nghĩa giành chính-quyền tháng Tám
5253:
5239:
4412:
4263:Armed Forces and Insurgents in Modern Asia
4178:
3567:
3001:Vietnam independence movements (1885-1945)
2241:for the purchasing of weaponry. Historian
1097:
1083:
482:
468:
444:US bombing of Saigon area and Cam Ranh Bay
297:
283:
65:Vietnam independence movements (1885-1945)
4884:
4856:
4675:
4487:Vietnam and America: A Documented History
3474:
3340:
3328:
3217:Ta Thu Thau: Vietnamese Trotskyist Leader
2784:to accept the surrender of the Japanese.
2754:Learn how and when to remove this message
2187:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2079:
5357:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
5213:
5154:
5014:
4749:
4648:China and the First Vietnam War, 1947–54
4509:
3721:, Đại tướng Lê Đức Anh, Tiền phong. (in
3459:Translations on North Vietnam, Volume 17
3352:
3268:
3244:
2400:
2316:
2122:line of communication with the allies."
1959:
1919:
1863:
1857:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
1836:World War II and the Japanese occupation
1749:
1673:
439:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
49:South-East Asian theatre of World War II
5166:Morris, Virginia; Hills, Clive (2018).
5115:
5085:
5060:
5035:
4765:
4737:
4644:
4540:
4321:
4259:
4216:
3965:
3879:
3776:
3719:Đại tướng Nguyễn Chí Thanh như tôi biết
3369:. New York: Random House. p. 108.
3364:
3304:
3160:
3136:
3094:
1916:Opportunity for Vietnamese nationalists
1821:, the Communists also contended with a
1689:
424:2nd US bombing of Saigon Naval Shipyard
419:1st US bombing of Saigon Naval Shipyard
5814:
4989:
4959:
4938:The Communist road to power in Vietnam
4931:
4610:
4352:
4290:
4179:Rosie, George; Borum, Bradley (1986).
3892:National Technical Information Service
3452:
3432:, McFarland & Co Inc, 2018, p. 93.
3389:
2892:
2842:French war crimes after the revolution
2505:on the night of 22 August 1945 at the
1945:had much greater freedom of movement.
1648:Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam
580:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse
5433:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League
5234:
5096:
5089:The Lost Revolution:Vietnam 1945-1965
4443:
4294:The Vietnam War: A Documentary Reader
3292:
3280:
3256:
3148:
3114:The World Transformed 1945 to Present
2920:
1772:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League
1678:
1078:
463:
324:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
278:
5822:Aftermath of World War II in Vietnam
4831:
4790:
4706:
4571:
4260:Roy, Kaushik; Saha, Sourish (2016).
4228:
3896:United States Department of Commerce
3856:
3401:
3316:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3012:
2692:adding citations to reliable sources
2663:
2593:. Hồ Chí Minh gave him the title of
2018:
1762:Development of nationalist movements
4727:. 2134 of Princeton Legacy Library.
4103:Nguyễn Văn Lục (30 November 2016).
3674:Nguyễn Văn Lục (27 December 2016).
3426:Morris, Virginia and Hills, Clive.
3235:. AK Press, Oakland CA, 2010, p. 16
3206:, Vol VI, No. 3, 1997, pp. 135–141.
3172:
2568:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa muôn năm!
2052:, other nationalist groups and the
13:
5178:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
5174:
5158:Vietnam: The Origins of Revolution
5126:(1). Modern Asian Studies: 57–98.
4920:
4477:
4413:Bui, Diem; Chanoff, David (1999).
3006:
2595:Conseiller suprême du gouvernement
378:Chinese bombing of Gia Lam airport
14:
5898:
5207:
4909:
4797:Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power
3802:Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
3745:Claude G. Berube (10 June 2009).
3100:
2312:
2212:claimed that it only gave "a few
1851:Japanese occupation and 1945 coup
1666:declared the independence of the
5862:Vietnamese independence movement
5282:Capture of the Citadel of Saigon
5226:"Music of the August Revolution"
5097:Huynh, Kim Khanh (August 1971).
4156:Kỉ niệm 66 năm Cách mạng Tháng 8
4079:Government of the United Kingdom
4075:British Broadcasting Corporation
2981:French Indochina in World War II
2965:
2951:
2859:6 March Franco-Vietnamese Accord
2668:
2340:
2254:Initial stages of the revolution
2208:According to later accounts the
1842:French Indochina in World War II
308:French Indochina in World War II
262:
252:
244:
234:
219:
208:
185:
173:
158:
71:
45:French Indochina in World War II
5882:1945 in international relations
4888:Vietnam 1946: How the War Began
4758:
4700:
4669:
4638:
4604:
4565:
4534:
4503:
4471:
4437:
4406:
4376:
4346:
4328:. Military History and Policy.
4315:
4284:
4253:
4222:
4197:
4172:
4149:
4119:
4061:Phạm Cao Phong (Gửi cho BBC từ
4025:
4016:
4007:
3994:
3982:
3728:
3712:
3627:
3610:
3594:
3581:Government of the United States
3465:
3420:
3395:
3358:
3225:
2679:needs additional citations for
2195:National Insurrection Committee
2113:stated that when he arrived in
1654:(then the capital of Vietnam),
1104:
395:1943 Chinese bombing of Vietnam
5155:McAlster, John T. Jr. (1966).
4893:University of California Press
4840:University of California Press
4802:University of California Press
4580:University of California Press
4455:University of California Press
4107:(in Vietnamese). DCVOnline.net
3861:(in Vietnamese). VietnamNet.vn
3678:(in Vietnamese). DCVOnline.net
3209:
3196:
3166:
3063:
2038:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1668:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
390:US bombing of Haiphong harbour
140:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1:
5721:French protectorate of Tonkin
4967:Vietnam: Nation in Revolution
4582:. pp. 269–271, 274–275.
2660:1947–1950 in French Indochina
2445:Abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại
2144:arrived they were greeted by
1892:sentiment in Indochina after
1846:1940–1946 in French Indochina
128:Abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại
21:1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état
5733:French colony of Cochinchina
5709:French protectorate of Annam
5292:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương
5064:Southeast Asia World History
5036:Chapman, Jessica M. (2013).
4710:Vietnam and China, 1938–1954
4541:Hearden, Patrick J. (2016).
3343:, pp. 312–315, 321–322.
3057:
2653:
2130:Office of Strategic Services
1966:Trotskyist League of Vietnam
1551:Manchuria and Northern Korea
7:
4993:A History of the Vietnamese
3577:Central Intelligence Agency
3365:Spector, Ronald H. (2007).
3051:Journal of Cold War Studies
2944:
2605:Declaration of independence
2235:National Revolutionary Army
2074:Democratic Party of Vietnam
1950:Indochinese Communist Party
1780:Indochinese Communist Party
1641:Indochinese Communist Party
1349:Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
1306:Strategic bombing (1944–45)
10:
5903:
5887:August 1945 events in Asia
5448:Communist Party of Vietnam
5061:Lockard, Craig A. (2009).
4998:Cambridge University Press
4777:Le dragon d'Annam, Bao Dai
4771:Bảo Đại, Dragon of Vietnam
4767:Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam
4715:Princeton University Press
4645:Calkins, Laura M. (2013).
4390:Cambridge University Press
4229:Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2014).
3966:Tú Châu (17 August 2020).
2986:War in Vietnam (1945–1946)
2896:
2862:
2657:
2622:War in Vietnam (1945–1946)
2619:
2608:
2564:Việt Nam độc lập muôn năm!
2448:
2416:'s pledge on 22 August to
2267:and the Chinese Communist
2229:During an event known as "
2040:, headquartered in Hanoi.
1996:
1854:
1839:
1823:Trotskyist left opposition
1776:Vietnamese Communist Party
1682:
1498:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
1020:Burma campaign (1944–1945)
935:Burma campaign (1942–1943)
869:Japanese invasion of Burma
97:16 August – 30 August 1945
25:
18:
5789:
5748:
5679:
5643:
5542:
5456:
5390:
5352:1940 Cochinchina uprising
5322:1916 Cochinchina uprising
5269:
5191:10.1017/S0022463414000083
5170:. McFarland & Co Inc.
5132:10.1017/S0026749X00003590
4885:Tønnesson, Stein (2009).
4516:(4th, reprint ed.).
4513:Vietnam: Past and Present
3894:(NTIS), an agency of the
3112:Hunt, Michael H. (2016).
3045:Asselin, Pierre (2023). "
3031:10.1017/S0165115300005416
2584:Palace of Heavenly Purity
2132:(OSS) Special Operations
1999:Vietnamese famine of 1945
1993:Vietnamese famine of 1945
1732:
1114:
501:
339:1940 Cochinchina uprising
316:
201:
151:
89:
70:
42:
37:
5867:20th-century revolutions
5837:1945 in French Indochina
5104:Journal of Asian Studies
5086:Shaplen, Robert (1966).
5044:Cornell University Press
5015:Worthing, Peter (2001).
4975:: Frederick A. Praeger.
4676:Donaldson, Gary (1996).
4453:(illustrated ed.).
4421:Indiana University Press
4385:Ho Chi Minh: A Biography
4266:(illustrated ed.).
4237:Rowman & Littlefield
3705:27 February 2018 at the
3568:Bob Bergin (June 2018).
2865:Fontainebleau Agreements
2601:of Vietnam" but failed.
1585:Second Sino-Japanese War
1425:Estevan Point Lighthouse
1180:Indian Ocean (1941–1945)
1131:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
493:South-East Asian Theater
429:US bombing of Phnom Penh
26:Not to be confused with
5428:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
5377:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
5216:"The August Revolution"
5069:Oxford University Press
4911:Patti, Archimedes L. A.
4832:Marr, David G. (2013).
4572:Marr, David G. (2013).
4510:SarDesai, D.R. (2018).
4445:Patti, Archimedes L. A.
4322:Neville, Peter (2007).
4291:Miller, Edward (2016).
4004:, báo Quân đội nhân dân
3796:Nguyễn Thế Ánh (2002).
3622:The OSS and Ho Chi Minh
3402:Marr, David G. (2013).
1610:August General Uprising
1187:Japanese merchant raids
1027:Meiktila & Mandalay
5438:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
5297:Pacification of Tonkin
5264:independence movements
4990:Taylor, K. W. (2013).
4707:Chen, King C. (2015).
4547:(4th, rev. ed.).
4416:In the Jaws of History
4065:) (4 September 2015).
3881:Jenkins, Brian Michael
3453:Truong, Chinh (1971).
3013:Mark, Bradley (1999).
2875:Indochinese Federation
2789:Southeast Asia Command
2329:In a telegram sent to
2326:
2080:Preparation and supply
2056:competed for control.
1973:
1933:
1872:
1758:
1617:
1605:
1486:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1330:Burma and India (1944)
1153:Gilberts and Marshalls
862:Burma, India and China
202:Commanders and leaders
61:Decolonization of Asia
5852:Communist revolutions
5827:Rebellions in Vietnam
5800:independence movement
4810:10.1525/9780520920392
4392:. 2007. p. 108.
4299:John Wiley & Sons
2838:, also did the same.
2620:Further information:
2455:The telegram sent by
2451:Abdication of Bảo Đại
2401:Events in Cochinchina
2391:Thanh niên tiền tuyến
2320:
2293:battle of Thái Nguyên
2247:Vietnam People's Army
2125:On 16 July 1945, the
1963:
1923:
1867:
1753:
1674:Historical background
1608:), also known as the
1396:Philippines (1944–45)
1354:Philippines (1941–42)
959:Burma campaign (1944)
624:Parit Sulong Massacre
407:Khai Phat and Na Ngan
329:1940 Bắc Sơn uprising
138:Establishment of the
5857:Communist rebellions
5327:Thái Nguyên uprising
5312:Yên Thế Insurrection
5287:Cochinchina Campaign
5119:Modern Asian Studies
5042:. Ithaca, New York:
4713:(reprint ed.).
4684:Greenwood Publishing
3988:Tạp chí Sông Hương,
3936:(3 September 2020).
3827:(2 September 2020).
3605:Archimedes L.A Patti
3182:Cahiers Leon Trotsky
2688:improve this article
2503:Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Cẩn
2484:Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Long
2393:, also known as the
2261:Claire Lee Chennault
2025:Japanese surrendered
1744:Thái Nguyên uprising
1696:Japanese coup d'état
1690:French colonial rule
1197:Homfreyganj massacre
824:Cocos Islands mutiny
797:Homfreyganj massacre
563:Malaya and Singapore
349:Battle of Phum Preav
5372:First Indochina War
5332:Bazin assassination
4925:Ho Chi Minh: A Life
4423:. pp. 39, 40.
4359:Ho Chi Minh: A Life
3779:, pp. 186–188.
3751:World History Group
3331:, pp. 292–293.
3319:, pp. 126–127.
2915:First Indochina War
2899:First Indochina War
2893:First Indochina War
2703:"August Revolution"
2395:Thanh niên Phan Anh
2210:American government
1606:Cách-mạng tháng Tám
792:Andaman and Nicobar
434:1945 Ba Tơ uprising
134:Vietnamese monarchy
132:Abolishment of the
85:, on 19 August 1945
5590:Nguyễn Thượng Hiền
5514:Nguyễn Thiện Thuật
5423:Tonkin Free School
4961:Duiker, William J.
4933:Duiker, William J.
4922:Duiker, William J.
4612:Duiker, William J.
4544:Tragedy of Vietnam
4362:. Hachette Books.
4354:Duiker, William J.
4161:2014-10-18 at the
4142:, 08/08/2011. (in
4131:2019-08-19 at the
3749:. HistoryNet.com (
3616:Bradley F. Smith,
3486:openvault.wgbh.org
3075:www.britannica.com
2921:In popular culture
2572:Ten thousand years
2548:Sword of the State
2376:divide and conquer
2327:
2325:on 30 August 1945.
2175:Alison Kent Thomas
1974:
1934:
1932:on 17 August 1945.
1873:
1871:after 9 March 1945
1759:
1729:Cần Vương movement
1679:French colonialism
1544:Japanese surrender
1510:Naval bombardments
1440:Fire balloon bombs
1163:Volcano and Ryukyu
1158:Marianas and Palau
814:Easter Sunday Raid
354:Battle of Ko Chang
77:Occupation of the
5847:Conflicts in 1945
5809:
5808:
5534:Nguyễn Trung Trực
5469:Nguyễn Quang Bích
5413:Empire of Vietnam
5382:Geneva Conference
5362:August Revolution
5342:Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets
5307:Hanoi Poison Plot
5078:978-0-19-516075-8
5053:978-0-8014-5061-7
5028:978-1-55729-072-4
5007:978-0-521-87586-8
4996:. Cambridge, UK:
4982:978-0-86531-336-1
4952:978-0-89158-794-1
4219:, pp. 30–31.
4069:(in Vietnamese).
3940:(in Vietnamese).
3906:). Archived from
3831:(in Vietnamese).
3307:, pp. 23–27.
3173:Van, Ngo (1989).
3163:, pp. 15–17.
2782:Republic of China
2764:
2763:
2756:
2738:
2552:Mandate of Heaven
2507:Kien Trung palace
2480:Charles de Gaulle
2414:Hisaichi Terauchi
2323:Hanoi Opera House
2191:Japanese Mainland
2105:Charles de Gaulle
2019:August Revolution
1894:Charles de Gaulle
1700:Indochinese Union
1633:Empire of Vietnam
1626:
1598:August Revolution
1593:
1592:
1435:Lookout Air Raids
1342:Southwest Pacific
1072:
1071:
896:Yunnan-Burma Road
644:Dutch East Indies
535:August Revolution
457:
456:
449:August Revolution
273:
272:
180:Empire of Vietnam
147:
146:
38:August Revolution
28:Nanchang Uprising
5894:
5804:
5766:Nguyễn Trọng Hợp
5702:Governor-General
5697:French Indochina
5585:Nguyễn Thần Hiến
5570:Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
5457:Uprising Leaders
5302:Bãi Sậy uprising
5255:
5248:
5241:
5232:
5231:
5222:
5220:
5202:
5171:
5162:
5151:
5112:
5093:
5082:
5057:
5032:
5011:
4986:
4970:
4956:
4928:
4917:
4906:
4881:
4858:Tønnesson, Stein
4853:
4823:
4775:Translated from
4774:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4620:(2nd ed.).
4608:
4602:
4601:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4205:In the Crossfire
4201:
4195:
4194:
4176:
4170:
4153:
4147:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4100:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4058:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4035:. 19 August 2015
4029:
4023:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4005:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3963:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3944:(VOA) Tiếng Việt
3942:Voice of America
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3913:on 10 April 2021
3912:
3889:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3835:(VOA) Tiếng Việt
3833:Voice of America
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3793:
3780:
3774:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3716:
3710:
3697:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3671:
3642:
3631:
3625:
3614:
3608:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3574:
3565:
3490:
3489:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3450:
3433:
3431:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3229:
3223:
3213:
3207:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3179:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3123:978-0-19937102-0
3109:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3067:
3042:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2935:
2852:Lào Cai province
2848:Bảo Yên District
2759:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2696:
2672:
2664:
2546:, known as the "
2540:Hoàng Đế chi bảo
2491:Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
2383:Nguyễn Chí Thanh
2218:David Halberstam
2111:Archimedes Patti
2101:overseas Chinese
2092:guerilla warfare
1972:, 21 August 1945
1734:
1685:French Indochina
1621:
1565:Manchuria (1945)
1420:Aleutian Islands
1270:Indochina (1945)
1240:Indochina (1940)
1226:2nd Indian Ocean
1209:1st Indian Ocean
1204:Christmas Island
1109:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1076:
1075:
849:2nd Indian Ocean
844:14 February 1944
834:13 November 1943
809:1st Indian Ocean
804:Christmas Island
787:Japanese raiders
766:27 February 1941
506:French Indochina
496:
494:
484:
477:
470:
461:
460:
366:Battle of Angkor
311:
309:
299:
292:
285:
276:
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266:
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91:
90:
75:
35:
34:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5842:1945 in Vietnam
5812:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5795:Wars in Vietnam
5791:
5785:
5744:
5675:
5639:
5630:Phan Văn Trường
5595:Nguyễn Thái Học
5543:Revolutionaries
5538:
5529:Đinh Công Tráng
5519:Tôn Thất Thuyết
5499:Phan Đình Phùng
5484:Nguyễn Hữu Huân
5452:
5386:
5277:Siege of Saigon
5265:
5259:
5218:
5210:
5205:
5079:
5054:
5029:
5008:
4983:
4953:
4903:
4878:
4868:SAGE Publishing
4850:
4820:
4761:
4756:
4748:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4725:
4717:. p. 195.
4705:
4701:
4694:
4674:
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4632:
4609:
4605:
4590:
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4504:
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4457:. p. 336.
4442:
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4239:. p. 224.
4227:
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4163:Wayback Machine
4154:
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3707:Wayback Machine
3698:
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3641:), 1995, p. 94.
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3009:
3007:Further reading
2973:Politics portal
2971:
2964:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2929:
2923:
2901:
2895:
2867:
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2827:1911 revolution
2810:
2778:Chiang Kai-shek
2769:
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2740:
2697:
2695:
2685:
2673:
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2607:
2544:An dân bảo kiếm
2472:Chiang Kai-Shek
2465:Harry S. Truman
2453:
2447:
2422:Phạm Ngọc Thạch
2403:
2351:Trịnh Đình Thảo
2343:
2315:
2277:prisoner-of-war
2256:
2243:Bernard B. Fall
2082:
2021:
2001:
1995:
1924:Meeting at the
1918:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1840:Main articles:
1838:
1764:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1676:
1637:Empire of Japan
1594:
1589:
1581:
1493:Mariana Islands
1366:Solomon Islands
1335:Burma (1944–45)
1325:Burma (1942–43)
1320:Burma (1941–42)
1313:Burma and India
1245:Franco-Thai War
1192:Andaman Islands
1119:Central Pacific
1110:
1105:
1103:
1073:
1068:
858:
839:11 January 1944
755:
676:Makassar Strait
640:
559:
539:
513:Franco-Thai War
497:
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344:Đô Lương mutiny
334:Franco-Thai War
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53:Pacific Theater
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5756:Hoàng Cao Khải
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5687:Albert Sarraut
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5605:Nguyễn An Ninh
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5509:Hoàng Hoa Thám
5506:
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5494:Nguyễn Xuân Ôn
5491:
5489:Phan Xích Long
5486:
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5418:Nguyễn dynasty
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5337:Yên Bái mutiny
5334:
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5214:Truong Chinh.
5209:
5208:External links
5206:
5204:
5203:
5185:(2): 236–257.
5172:
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5094:
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5077:
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4973:Westview Press
4957:
4951:
4943:Westview Press
4929:
4918:
4907:
4901:
4882:
4876:
4854:
4848:
4829:
4826:Paperback 1997
4818:
4792:Marr, David G.
4788:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4752:, p. 170.
4742:
4730:
4724:978-1400874903
4723:
4699:
4692:
4686:. p. 75.
4668:
4662:978-1134078479
4661:
4655:. p. 12.
4637:
4631:978-0429972546
4630:
4603:
4589:978-0520274150
4588:
4564:
4558:978-1315510842
4557:
4551:. p. 67.
4533:
4527:978-0429975196
4526:
4502:
4495:
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4463:
4436:
4429:
4405:
4399:978-0521850629
4398:
4375:
4369:978-1401305611
4368:
4345:
4339:978-1134244768
4338:
4332:. p. 66.
4314:
4308:978-1405196789
4307:
4301:. p. 40.
4283:
4277:978-1317231936
4276:
4270:. p. 84.
4252:
4246:978-1442223035
4245:
4221:
4209:
4196:
4190:978-1851580002
4189:
4183:. Mainstream.
4171:
4148:
4118:
4092:
4046:
4024:
4015:
4006:
4002:U80 vẫn ấm lửa
3993:
3981:
3955:
3924:
3883:(March 1972).
3872:
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3609:
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3434:
3419:
3413:978-0520274150
3412:
3394:
3392:, p. 113.
3382:
3376:978-0375509155
3375:
3357:
3345:
3341:Tønnesson 2009
3333:
3329:Tønnesson 2009
3321:
3309:
3297:
3295:, p. 767.
3285:
3283:, p. 765.
3273:
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2998:
2993:
2991:Indochina Wars
2988:
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2962:
2959:Vietnam portal
2946:
2943:
2939:Star of August
2922:
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2897:Main article:
2894:
2891:
2863:Main article:
2860:
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2632:Norodom square
2617:
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2609:Main article:
2606:
2603:
2478:, and General
2449:Main article:
2446:
2443:
2402:
2399:
2355:Trần Trọng Kim
2342:
2339:
2314:
2313:Hanoi uprising
2311:
2265:Vladimir Lenin
2255:
2252:
2166:Bo Doi Viet-My
2146:Võ Nguyên Giáp
2081:
2078:
2020:
2017:
1997:Main article:
1994:
1991:
1939:Trần Trọng Kim
1917:
1914:
1906:Nguyễn dynasty
1886:island-hopping
1855:Main article:
1852:
1849:
1837:
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1763:
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1691:
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1683:Main article:
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1233:Southeast Asia
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1059:Elephant Point
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5560:Phan Bội Châu
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4974:
4969:
4968:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4902:9780520256026
4898:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4883:
4879:
4877:9780803985216
4873:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4849:9780520274150
4845:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4821:
4819:9780520078338
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4751:
4750:Worthing 2001
4746:
4740:, p. 31.
4739:
4734:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4537:
4529:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4432:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4371:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4225:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4200:
4192:
4186:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4122:
4106:
4099:
4097:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4034:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3969:
3962:
3960:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3932:Tiến sĩ Luật
3928:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3860:
3853:
3851:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3823:Tiến sĩ Luật
3819:
3803:
3799:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3677:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3430:
3423:
3415:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3355:, p. 52.
3354:
3353:Worthing 2001
3349:
3342:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3318:
3313:
3306:
3301:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3271:, p. 49.
3270:
3269:Worthing 2001
3265:
3258:
3253:
3247:, p. 47.
3246:
3245:Worthing 2001
3241:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3139:, p. 57.
3138:
3133:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3091:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3053:25 (1): 4–45.
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2949:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2927:Sao tháng Tám
2918:
2916:
2911:
2910:Fontainebleau
2907:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2774:16th parallel
2758:
2755:
2747:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705: –
2704:
2700:
2699:Find sources:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2677:This section
2675:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2636:Trần Văn Giàu
2633:
2629:
2623:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2599:Souphanouvong
2596:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2579:Phạm Khắc Hòe
2575:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2514:Trần Huy Liệu
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2469:Generalissimo
2466:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2418:Trần Văn Giàu
2415:
2412:
2408:
2407:Saigon-Cholon
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2371:Trần Đình Nam
2366:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:Nguyễn Kỳ Nam
2345:According to
2341:Events in Huế
2338:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2150:Paul Hoagland
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:China Theatre
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:Saigon region
1815:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1799:Ngô Văn Chiêu
1796:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1686:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:Kuril Islands
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:North America
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:Borneo (1945)
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:Bay of Bengal
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1047:Tanlwe Chaung
1045:
1043:
1042:Ramree Island
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
966:Chindits (II)
964:
963:
960:
957:
956:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
936:
933:
932:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
870:
867:
866:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
782:
778:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
760:
757:
756:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
704:
699:
697:
694:
692:
691:Badung Strait
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:
642:
641:
637:
636:2nd Singapore
634:
632:
629:
625:
622:
621:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
593:
592:
588:
587:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
575:1st Singapore
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
561:
560:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
544:
541:
540:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
504:
503:
500:
495:
485:
480:
478:
473:
471:
466:
465:
462:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
415:
414:
408:
405:
404:
403:
402:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
379:
376:
375:
374:
373:
367:
364:
363:
362:
361:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
315:
310:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
281:
280:
277:
265:
260:
250:
247:
242:
232:
231:
229:
227:
216:
206:
205:
200:
194:
183:
181:
171:
170:
168:
166:
156:
155:
150:
141:
137:
135:
131:
129:
126:
125:
124:
122:
118:
115:
114:
110:
106:
103:
102:
96:
93:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:Tonkin Palace
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
5635:Trần Cao Vân
5615:Nguyễn Thành
5610:Nguyễn Quyền
5555:Trần Quý Cáp
5524:Cầm Bá Thước
5504:Tống Duy Tân
5474:Võ Duy Dương
5361:
5347:World War II
5182:
5176:
5167:
5156:
5123:
5117:
5108:
5102:
5088:
5067:. New York:
5063:
5038:
5017:
4992:
4966:
4937:
4924:
4913:
4887:
4862:
4834:
4796:
4783:, 1980. (in
4776:
4770:
4766:
4759:Bibliography
4745:
4738:Chapman 2013
4733:
4709:
4702:
4678:
4671:
4647:
4640:
4616:
4606:
4574:
4567:
4543:
4536:
4512:
4505:
4486:
4479:Ho, Chi Minh
4473:
4449:
4439:
4415:
4408:
4384:
4378:
4358:
4348:
4324:
4317:
4293:
4286:
4262:
4255:
4231:
4224:
4217:Chapman 2013
4212:
4204:
4199:
4180:
4174:
4151:
4136:
4121:
4109:. Retrieved
4083:. Retrieved
4037:. Retrieved
4027:
4018:
4009:
3996:
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3946:. Retrieved
3934:Cù Huy Hà Vũ
3927:
3915:. Retrieved
3908:the original
3900:Santa Monica
3875:
3863:. Retrieved
3837:. Retrieved
3825:Cù Huy Hà Vũ
3818:
3806:. Retrieved
3777:Bảo Đại 1990
3755:. Retrieved
3740:
3730:
3714:
3680:. Retrieved
3638:
3634:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3600:
3596:
3584:. Retrieved
3485:
3476:
3467:
3458:
3428:
3422:
3403:
3397:
3385:
3366:
3360:
3348:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3305:Chapman 2013
3300:
3288:
3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
3232:
3227:
3216:
3211:
3204:New Politics
3203:
3198:
3188:16 September
3186:. Retrieved
3181:
3168:
3161:Chapman 2013
3156:
3144:
3137:Zinoman 2000
3132:
3113:
3095:Lockard 2009
3090:
3078:. Retrieved
3074:
3065:
3050:
3022:
3018:
2938:
2925:
2924:
2908:and then at
2902:
2887:Cochin China
2883:
2879:French Union
2872:
2868:
2845:
2832:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2794:
2786:
2770:
2750:
2741:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2698:
2686:Please help
2681:verification
2678:
2648:Phan Văn Hùm
2640:
2625:
2594:
2588:
2576:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2525:
2523:
2500:
2488:
2456:
2454:
2432:
2425:
2404:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2367:
2344:
2334:
2328:
2302:Douglas Pike
2296:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2257:
2228:
2207:
2203:Phan Kế Toại
2199:
2194:
2184:
2179:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2155:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2109:
2096:
2085:
2083:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2042:
2034:
2022:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1975:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1902:
1898:
1874:
1860:
1816:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1769:
1765:
1737:
1733:Aid-the-King
1725:
1693:
1650:, including
1645:
1609:
1597:
1595:
1583:
1582:
1557:
1537:
1503:
1450:
1445:Project Hula
1430:Fort Stevens
1359:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1173:Ocean Island
1136:
1126:Pearl Harbor
1064:Sittang Bend
1052:
991:Tennis Court
854:17 July 1944
780:
776:
759:Indian Ocean
744:North Borneo
724:2nd Java Sea
714:Sunda Strait
709:1st Java Sea
702:
590:
534:
530:Coup de main
448:
412:
411:
400:
399:
383:
382:
371:
370:
359:
358:
318:
152:Belligerents
119:
57:World War II
32:
5776:Nguyễn Thân
5761:Trần Bá Lộc
5692:Jean Decoux
5620:Tạ Thu Thâu
5600:Hồ Chí Minh
5479:Trương Định
5408:Duy Tân Hội
5317:World War I
4941:. Boulder:
3757:7 September
3601:Why Vietnam
3586:7 September
3390:Duiker 1981
2930: [
2744:August 2018
2644:Tạ Thu Thâu
2630:flocked to
2439:martial law
2363:Cochinchina
2306:Thái Nguyên
2054:Trotskyists
1987:Trotskyists
1926:Grand Opera
1830:Tạ Thu Thâu
1784:Hồ Chí Minh
1740:Thái Nguyên
1712:Cochinchina
1664:Hồ Chí Minh
1570:Mutanchiang
1391:New Britain
1107:Pacific War
928:Yenangyaung
876:Bilin River
729:8 June 1945
215:Hồ Chí Minh
5816:Categories
5661:Thành Thái
5580:Ngô Đức Kế
5262:Vietnamese
4693:0275956601
4496:0802133622
4464:0520041569
4430:0253335396
4167:Vietnamese
4144:Vietnamese
4039:8 February
3904:California
3857:Đất Việt.
3723:Vietnamese
3293:Huynh 1971
3281:Huynh 1971
3257:Huynh 1971
3149:Huynh 1971
3019:Itinerario
2877:under the
2714:newspapers
2658:See also:
2527:dân vi qúi
2518:Cù Huy Cận
2463:President
2269:Mao Zedong
2223:Bob Bergin
2097:Kháng Nhật
1827:Trotskyist
1812:Bình Xuyên
1731:(English:
1614:Vietnamese
1602:Vietnamese
1515:Sagami Bay
1504:Starvation
1386:New Guinea
1013:Mount Song
819:Madagascar
771:8 May 1941
749:Balikpapan
734:2nd Borneo
666:Balikpapan
651:1st Borneo
609:Slim River
5832:Viet Minh
5464:Phạm Bành
5443:Việt Minh
5398:Cần Vương
5148:145191678
4653:Routledge
4622:Routledge
4598:2691-0403
4549:Routledge
4518:Routledge
4330:Routledge
4268:Routledge
3317:Marr 1995
3058:Footnotes
3039:162303337
3025:: 23–51.
2889:in flux.
2836:Chen Geng
2654:Aftermath
2495:Louis XVI
2476:George VI
2433:When the
2427:Wakizashi
2297:Deer Team
2286:Deer Team
2281:Deer Team
2231:Gold Week
2214:revolvers
2180:Deer Team
2170:Deer Team
2158:Deer Team
2142:Deer Team
2138:Deer Team
2134:Deer Team
2119:Indochina
2023:When the
1908:emperor,
1882:Indochina
1755:Thanh Hoa
1629:Việt Minh
1559:Kantokuen
1466:Air raids
1381:Australia
1371:Coral Sea
1265:Singapore
1260:Hong Kong
1003:Myitkyina
971:Admin Box
918:Shwedaung
686:Palembang
555:Air raids
165:Việt Minh
121:Việt Minh
63:,and the
5656:Hàm Nghi
5644:Emperors
5565:Cường Để
4963:(1983).
4935:(1981).
4860:(1991).
4794:(1995).
4614:(2018).
4481:(1995).
4447:(1980).
4356:(2012).
4159:Archived
4139:Nhân Dân
4129:Archived
4085:10 April
4071:BBC News
3917:27 March
3865:24 March
3735:promise.
3703:Archived
3579:(CIA) –
3231:Ngô Văn,
3184:(40): 30
2945:See also
2461:American
2239:piastres
2162:barracks
2127:American
2087:Nhân Dân
1985:and the
1890:Gaullist
1716:Cambodia
1635:and the
1577:Chongjin
1538:Downfall
1476:Yokosuka
1293:Tiderace
1250:Thailand
1037:Hill 170
986:Sangshak
952:Chindits
947:The Hump
891:Taukkyan
781:Kormoran
570:Invasion
550:Invasion
543:Thailand
525:Invasion
518:Ko Chang
123:victory
104:Location
43:Part of
5781:Lê Hoan
5671:Bảo Đại
5666:Duy Tân
5403:Đông Du
5199:9900227
3948:5 April
3839:5 April
3804:, NAIS)
3080:30 July
2728:scholar
2536:regalia
2474:, King
2435:British
2115:Kunming
2062:Cần Thơ
2050:Hòa Hảo
2046:Cao Đài
1983:Cao Đài
1979:Hòa Hảo
1910:Bảo Đại
1817:In the
1804:Hòa Hảo
1795:Cao Đài
1757:in 1932
1625:
1530:Shumshu
1415:Ellwood
1280:Vietnam
1053:Dracula
1032:Pakokku
1008:Mogaung
911:Toungoo
901:Tachiao
829:Réunion
739:Tarakan
703:Langley
681:Sumatra
661:Tarakan
591:Krohcol
241:Bảo Đại
109:Vietnam
5651:Tự Đức
5270:Events
5197:
5146:
5140:313112
5138:
5075:
5050:
5025:
5004:
4979:
4949:
4899:
4874:
4846:
4816:
4785:French
4721:
4690:
4659:
4628:
4596:
4586:
4555:
4524:
4493:
4461:
4427:
4396:
4366:
4336:
4305:
4274:
4243:
4207:p. 157
4187:
3624:, 311.
3410:
3373:
3120:
3037:
2802:Yunnan
2798:Lu Han
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2628:Saigon
2387:Tố Hữu
2359:Saigon
1970:Saigon
1954:Pác Bó
1710:, and
1704:Tonkin
1660:Saigon
1300:Zipper
1286:Jurist
1255:Malaya
1214:Ceylon
1148:Midway
996:Kohima
981:Imphal
942:Arakan
906:Oktwin
777:Sydney
656:Manado
604:Kampar
261:
243:
190:
116:Result
51:, the
47:, the
5219:(PDF)
5195:S2CID
5144:S2CID
5136:JSTOR
4769:[
4203:Van,
4111:8 May
4063:Paris
3974:8 May
3911:(PDF)
3888:(PDF)
3808:9 May
3682:8 May
3573:(PDF)
3178:(PDF)
3035:S2CID
2934:]
2906:Dalat
2735:JSTOR
2721:books
2591:Hanoi
2411:Count
2331:Tokyo
2030:Hanoi
1930:Hanoi
1869:Hanoi
1708:Annam
1656:Hanoi
1471:Tokyo
1459:Japan
1376:Timor
923:Prome
696:Timor
671:Ambon
631:Endau
614:Gemas
599:Gurun
585:Jitra
83:Hanoi
59:,the
5111:(4).
5073:ISBN
5048:ISBN
5023:ISBN
5002:ISBN
4977:ISBN
4947:ISBN
4897:ISBN
4872:ISBN
4844:ISBN
4814:ISBN
4781:Plon
4719:ISBN
4688:ISBN
4657:ISBN
4626:ISBN
4594:ISSN
4584:ISBN
4553:ISBN
4522:ISBN
4491:ISBN
4459:ISBN
4425:ISBN
4394:ISBN
4364:ISBN
4334:ISBN
4303:ISBN
4272:ISBN
4241:ISBN
4185:ISBN
4137:Báo
4113:2021
4087:2021
4041:2018
4000:Xem
3976:2021
3950:2021
3919:2021
3867:2021
3841:2021
3810:2021
3759:2022
3684:2021
3588:2022
3408:ISBN
3371:ISBN
3190:2020
3118:ISBN
3082:2023
2707:news
2646:and
2566:", "
2516:and
2420:and
2385:and
1964:The
1844:and
1720:Laos
1658:and
1623:lit.
1596:The
1481:Kure
1168:Truk
976:U Go
886:Pegu
719:Java
701:USS
619:Muar
413:1945
401:1944
384:1943
372:1942
360:1941
319:1940
94:Date
5187:doi
5128:doi
4806:doi
3027:doi
2800:of
2780:'s
2690:by
2650:).
2570:" (
2405:In
1968:in
1952:at
1928:in
1718:;
1652:Huế
779:vs
55:of
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