42:
1612:
397:
atmosphere". Journalism thereby exaggerates the importance of the CEO and tends to neglect harder-to-describe broader corporate factors. There is little attention to the intricately organized technical bureaucracy that actually does the work. Hubris sets in when the CEO internalizes the celebrity and becomes excessively self-confident in making complex decisions. There may be an emphasis on the sort of decisions that attract the
1600:
431:. For example, the relative pay was 20-to-1 in 1965 in the US, but had risen to 376-to-1 by 2000. The relative pay differs around the world, and, in some smaller countries, is still around 20-to-1. Observers differ as to whether the rise is due to competition for talent or due to lack of control by compensation committees. In recent years, investors have demanded more say over executive pay.
194:, manager, and executor roles. The communicator role can involve speaking to the press and to the public, as well as to the organization's management and employees; the decision-making role involves high-level decisions about policy and strategy. The CEO is tasked with implementing the goals, targets and strategic objectives as determined by the board of directors.
291:
Depending on the organization, a CEO may have several subordinate executives to help run the day-to-day administration of the company, each of whom has specific functional responsibilities referred to as senior executives, executive officers or corporate officers. Subordinate executives are given
396:
argues that "...these individuals are not self-made, but rather are created by a process of widespread media exposure to the point that their actions, personalities, and even private lives function symbolically to represent significant dynamics and tensions prevalent in the contemporary business
324:
is sometimes included as one such subordinate executive officer, but, as suggested by
Anthony Johndrow, CEO of Reputation Economy Advisors, it can also be seen as "simply another way to add emphasis to the role of a modern-day CEO – where they are both the external face of, and the driving force
502:
tendencies, often characterized by power-seeking behavior and dominance. These individuals can often conceal their ruthlessness and antisocial behavior behind a facade of charm and eloquence. Traits such as courage and risk-taking, generally considered desirable, are often found alongside these
387:
have often adopted this approach, which assumes that the corporate achievements, especially in the arena of manufacturing, are produced by uniquely talented individuals, especially the "heroic CEO". In effect, journalists celebrate a CEO who takes distinctive strategic actions. The model is the
333:
In the US, the term "chief executive officer" is used primarily in business, whereas the term "executive director" is used primarily in the not-for-profit sector. These terms are generally mutually exclusive and refer to distinct legal duties and responsibilities. The CEO is the highest-ranking
201:
of the company, the CEO reports the status of the business to the board of directors, motivates employees, and drives change within the organization. As a manager, the CEO presides over the organization's day-to-day operations. The CEO is the person who is ultimately accountable for a company's
537:, employee dissatisfaction, and turnover intentions. Despite this, Bunea cautions that excessive worry about supposed psychopathic managers could discourage individuals from pursuing careers in corporations and deter employees from addressing issues with difficult bosses.
296:(VP). An organization may have more than one vice president, each tasked with a different area of responsibility (e.g., VP of finance, VP of human resources). Examples of subordinate executive officers who typically report to the CEO include the
510:, has suggested that individuals with psychopathic traits thrive in chaotic environments and are aware that others do not. As a result, they may intentionally create chaos in the workplace. This perspective is explored in the book
1426:
354:
for senior charity staff is deprecated to avoid confusion with the legal duties and responsibilities associated with being a charity director or trustee, which are normally non-executive (unpaid) roles. The term
260:
In the United States, and in business, the executive officers are usually the top officers of a corporation, the chief executive officer (CEO) being the best-known type. The definition varies; for instance, the
213:
The use of the CEO title is not necessarily limited to describing the head of a company. For example, the CEO of a political party is often entrusted with fundraising, particularly for election campaigns.
1123:
334:
executive in a company, making corporate decisions, managing operations, allocating resources, and serving as the main point of communication between the board of directors and the company.
1305:
1418:
182:
or other authority, depending on the organization's structure. They can be far-reaching or quite limited, and are typically enshrined in a formal delegation of authority regarding
242:
by the supervisory board. This allows for clear lines of authority. The aim is to prevent a conflict of interest and too much power being concentrated in the hands of one person.
1472:
527:
has argued that the attention given to psychopathy in the workplace by both the media and scholars has far exceeded the available scientific evidence. Emilia Bunea, writing in
1449:
124:, or another financial metric. In the nonprofit and government sector, CEOs typically aim at achieving outcomes related to the organization's mission, usually provided by
1403:
1490:
747:
1073:
1176:
1101:
408:
and
Geoffrey Tate indicates that "firms with award-winning CEOs subsequently underperform, in terms both of stock and of operating performance".
343:
456:. The reasons for this are explained or justified in various ways, and may include biological sex differences, male and female differences in
1045:
1616:
1313:
1162:
1020:
Mathew L.A. Hayward, Violina P. Rindova, and
Timothy G. Pollock. "Believing one's own press: The causes and consequences of CEO celebrity".
647:
Westphal, James D.; Zajac, Edward J. (March 1995). "Who Shall Govern? CEO/Board Power, Demographic
Similarity, and New Director Selection".
901:
1441:
453:
292:
different titles in different organizations, but one common category of subordinate executive, if the CEO is also the president, is the
2040:
1644:
1202:
265:
defines "executive officers" as the five most highly compensated officers not also sitting on the board of directors. In the case of a
1362:
804:"Menz, M. 2012. Functional Top Management Team Members: A Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 38(1): 45-80"
1604:
1464:
480:
in that regard. Some countries have passed laws mandating boardroom gender quotas. In 2023 Rockefeller
Foundation awarded a grant to
234:
presides over the supervisory board, and these two roles will always be held by different people. This ensures a distinction between
1279:
803:
684:
128:. CEOs are also frequently assigned the role of the main manager of the organization and the highest-ranking officer in the
230:
for control purposes (selected by the shareholders). In these countries, the CEO presides over the executive board and the
1061:
We find that firms with award-winning CEOs subsequently underperform, in terms both of stock and of operating performance.
262:
1787:
1513:
2081:
786:
602:
17:
592:
587:
31:
1336:
2091:
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1963:
926:
755:
41:
1637:
1395:
507:
1229:
1777:
877:
582:
461:
141:
1254:
1897:
1672:
852:
422:
1419:"1 in 5 business leaders may have psychopathic tendencies—here's why, according to a psychology professor"
273:, an executive officer is a managing partner, senior partner, or administrative partner. In the case of a
1958:
1862:
1827:
1667:
457:
1230:"Women CEOs run 10.4% of Fortune 500 companies. A quarter of the 52 leaders became CEO in the last year"
544:
received praise for educating a CEO on the role of trade unions. This occurred as the restaurant chain
541:
427:
Executive compensation has been a source of criticism following a dramatic rise in pay relative to the
2086:
1847:
1782:
1630:
346:, where their position in law is described as the "head of paid service", and in business and in the
274:
158:
1255:"A new list of the top CEOs 'for women' is mostly men — and it reflects a wider problem in business"
440:
249:) is often equivalent to the supervisory board, while the executive board may often be known as the
1902:
1877:
1832:
1797:
1792:
1757:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1687:
428:
321:
101:
1153:
1038:
974:
1907:
1887:
1837:
1817:
1802:
1772:
1762:
1747:
1677:
309:
301:
297:
270:
183:
1491:"Gender and corporate finance: Are male executives overconfident relative to female executives?"
2035:
1953:
1892:
1882:
1857:
1807:
1727:
1697:
445:
Lack of diversity amongst chief executives has also been a source of criticism. In 2018, 5% of
313:
305:
105:
97:
86:
633:
1867:
1852:
1842:
1822:
1742:
1722:
1702:
1682:
562:
1206:
2030:
1938:
1767:
1737:
398:
203:
187:
112:
and is charged with maximizing the value of the business, which may include maximizing the
35:
140:
The term "chief executive officer" is attested as early as 1782, when an ordinance of the
8:
2096:
1692:
1128:
384:
372:
351:
266:
250:
226:
system with two separate boards, one executive board for the day-to-day business and one
170:, with the first attestation being in 1914. The first American usage cited is from 1972.
74:
2025:
1948:
1872:
1732:
1573:
1569:
823:
664:
534:
179:
109:
1553:
2055:
2050:
2045:
1933:
1912:
1544:
1370:
1034:
827:
782:
629:
572:
477:
405:
227:
198:
166:
says that the use of "CEO" as an acronym for a chief executive officer originated in
153:
1577:
1565:
1540:
1505:
815:
656:
548:
faced scrutiny in the UK Parliament over allegations of a toxic workplace culture.
529:
524:
469:
389:
317:
1509:
831:
484:
to research strategies and then action a plan to help more women to become CEO's.
2004:
1994:
1989:
1943:
1812:
1653:
688:
681:
512:
473:
286:
254:
207:
1968:
950:
597:
557:
517:
368:
293:
70:
902:"The Difference Between an Executive Director & a Chief Executive Officer"
722:
2070:
1525:
1374:
1363:"We Interviewed 57 Female CEOs to Find Out How More Women Can Get to the Top"
819:
545:
145:
178:
The responsibilities of an organization's CEO are set by the organization's
567:
493:
347:
117:
78:
1928:
577:
446:
246:
231:
125:
113:
93:
46:
186:. Typically, responsibilities include being an active decision-maker on
2009:
1999:
1984:
701:
668:
499:
481:
376:
239:
235:
223:
191:
92:
CEOs find roles in various organizations, including public and private
498:
There are contentious claims that a significant number of CEO's have
465:
380:
167:
660:
375:(1839–1937) and even more successfully the corporate publicists for
1622:
342:
In the UK, chief executive and chief executive officer are used in
149:
1611:
1280:"These are the reasons why we (still) don't have many women CEOs"
1102:"CEOs in U.S., India Earn the Most Compared With Average Workers"
129:
121:
82:
1465:"McDonald's CEO gets schooled by MP on the role of trade unions"
388:
celebrity in entertainment, sports, and politics – compare the "
269:, an executive officer is the sole proprietor. In the case of a
108:). The CEO of a corporation or company typically reports to the
1599:
1524:
Kaplan, Steven N.; Klebanov, Mark M.; Sorensen, Morten (2012).
1177:"'The government must act on ftse gender stats' says cmi's ceo"
1078:
30:"Chief executive" and "CEO" redirect here. For other uses, see
202:
business decisions, including those in operations, marketing,
245:
In the United States, the board of directors (elected by the
988:"Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations"
1154:"European investors beef up stance over high executive pay"
987:
277:, an executive officer is any member, manager, or officer.
152:
and other leaders of the executive branches of each of the
1586:
Passing the baton: Managing the process of CEO succession
452:
CEOs were women. In 2023 the number rose to 10.4% of for
1124:"Great Men, great pay? Why CEO compensation is sky high"
624:
Lin, Tom C. W. (April 23, 2014). "CEOs and
Presidents".
927:"What Is A Chief Executive Officer? CEO Role Explained"
1523:
1074:"Executive Compensation Is Out Of Control. What Now?"
781:. Oxford, U.K: Capstone Publishing. pp. 79–80.
776:
1361:Stevenson, Jane Edison; Orr, Evelyn (2017-11-08).
1306:"It's 2017 – So Why Aren't there More Women CEOs?"
1152:
359:is often used in lieu of chief executive officer.
1526:"Which CEO Characteristics and Abilities Matter?"
1416:
740:
2068:
975:Local Government and Housing Act 1989, section 4
533:, has linked psychopathic traits in managers to
708:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), under
1551:
1033:
1638:
646:
540:In a related development, British politician
1552:Shleifer, Andrei; Vishny, Robert W. (1997).
1360:
464:and interests, maternity and career breaks,
1488:
801:
715:
257:officers that report directly to the CEO).
2041:List of business and finance abbreviations
1645:
1631:
1393:
1227:
619:
617:
27:Highest-ranking officer of an organization
1489:Huang, Jiekun; Kisgen, Darren J. (2013).
1462:
878:"Executive Job Titles一What Do They Mean?"
423:Executive compensation § Controversy
416:
1417:Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas (Apr 8, 2019).
1303:
441:Gender diversity § In the boardroom
190:and other key policy issues, as well as
40:
1442:"The Truth About Corporate Psychopaths"
1337:"Getting Women Into Boardrooms, by Law"
875:
614:
14:
2069:
1588:(Harvard Business School Press, 1987).
1277:
1150:
1051:from the original on 11 September 2015
853:"Rise of the Chief Reputation Officer"
779:The Capstone Encyclopaedia of Business
367:Business publicists since the days of
1626:
1439:
1334:
1151:Mooney, Attracta (11 November 2018).
1652:
1252:
729:. Investopedia US, a Division of IAC
454:Women CEO's of Fortune 500 companies
280:
217:
623:
487:
263:California Corporate Disclosure Act
253:(the division/subsidiary heads and
173:
24:
1570:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x
1554:"A Survey of Corporate Governance"
1482:
1429:from the original on Nov 24, 2023.
1406:from the original on Aug 20, 2023.
924:
350:. As of 2013, the use of the term
325:behind, an organization culture".
77:charged with the management of an
25:
2108:
1592:
1475:from the original on Dec 5, 2023.
1452:from the original on 14 Dec 2023.
1335:Clark, Nicola (27 January 2010).
1228:Hinchliffe, Emma (June 5, 2023).
1037:; Tate, Geoffrey (14 June 2020).
603:United States Department of Labor
362:
337:
1610:
1598:
1545:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2012.01739.x
1463:Davenport, Hannah (2023-11-15).
1394:McCullough, Jack (Dec 9, 2019).
1304:Rossheim, John (28 March 2017).
1165:from the original on 2022-12-10.
754:. WebFinance Inc. Archived from
706:Oxford English Dictionary Online
649:Administrative Science Quarterly
593:Occupational Information Network
588:List of chief executive officers
506:Tara Swart, a neuroscientist at
328:
81: – especially a
32:Chief executive (disambiguation)
1456:
1433:
1410:
1387:
1354:
1328:
1297:
1271:
1246:
1221:
1195:
1169:
1144:
1116:
1094:
1066:
1027:
1014:
1009:Demystifying Business Celebrity
1007:Eric Guthey and Timothy Clark,
1001:
980:
967:
943:
918:
894:
869:
748:"Chief Executive Officer (CEO)"
723:"Chief Executive Officer - CEO"
379:, promoted the concept of the "
1498:Journal of Financial Economics
1440:Bunea, Emilia (May 12, 2023).
1278:Holmes, Michael (2019-09-06).
845:
795:
770:
694:
675:
640:
508:MIT Sloan School of Management
404:Research published in 2009 by
222:In some countries, there is a
162:published online in 2011, the
13:
1:
1510:10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.12.005
876:Heaslip, Emily (2021-03-08).
814:(1). Jom.sagepub.com: 45–80.
608:
583:List of books written by CEOs
476:, tradition, and the lack of
462:sex differences in psychology
142:Congress of the Confederation
1022:Strategic Management Journal
777:Capstone Publishing (2003).
712:. Accessed 12 November 2022.
434:
411:
156:. In draft additions to the
7:
1253:Cain, Áine (Jun 19, 2018).
551:
458:Big Five personality traits
371:(1891–1995) and his client
238:by the executive board and
10:
2113:
990:. Acevo.org.uk. 2012-11-16
977:, accessed 9 December 2023
906:Small Business - Chron.com
802:Markus Menz (2011-10-04).
691:Retrieved 30 December 2022
491:
438:
420:
284:
148:used the term to refer to
135:
29:
2018:
1977:
1921:
1660:
503:psychopathic tendencies.
275:limited liability company
159:Oxford English Dictionary
2082:Chief executive officers
1605:Chief executive officers
820:10.1177/0149206311421830
322:chief reputation officer
146:United States of America
102:government organizations
1964:Representative director
1617:Chief executive officer
1367:Harvard Business Review
687:21 October 2015 at the
310:chief marketing officer
302:chief financial officer
298:chief operating officer
184:business administration
106:state-owned enterprises
98:nonprofit organizations
55:chief executive officer
2092:Positions of authority
2077:Management occupations
2036:Executive compensation
1954:Non-executive director
1615:Quotations related to
1558:The Journal of Finance
1533:The Journal of Finance
1396:"The Psychopathic CEO"
752:BusinessDictionary.com
417:Executive compensation
314:chief business officer
306:chief strategy officer
50:
1310:Monster for Employers
1024:25#7 (2004): 637-653.
808:Journal of Management
563:CEO of public schools
429:average worker's wage
399:celebrity journalists
320:-focused position of
87:nonprofit institution
44:
2031:Corporate governance
1978:Mid-level executives
1939:Development director
1788:Information security
1607:at Wikimedia Commons
682:Journals of Congress
385:Business journalists
204:business development
36:CEO (disambiguation)
1584:Vancil, Richard F.
1129:The Washington Post
951:"US CEO Definition"
857:Financier Worldwide
758:on October 16, 2020
626:UC Davis Law Review
472:, the existence of
373:John D. Rockefeller
267:sole proprietorship
251:executive committee
2026:Board of directors
1949:Executive director
1341:The New York Times
1286:. The Conversation
1183:. 14 November 2018
1104:. 28 December 2017
1082:. 14 February 2018
1035:Malmendier, Ulrike
535:workplace bullying
478:female role models
180:board of directors
110:board of directors
51:
2064:
2063:
2056:Talent management
2051:Supervisory board
2046:Senior management
1934:Creative director
1922:Senior executives
1603:Media related to
1469:Left Foot Forward
882:www.uschamber.com
573:Executive officer
516:, co-authored by
460:and temperament,
406:Ulrike Malmendier
357:managing director
348:charitable sector
281:Related positions
228:supervisory board
218:International use
199:executive officer
188:business strategy
154:Thirteen Colonies
73:) is the highest
67:managing director
18:Managing Director
16:(Redirected from
2104:
2087:Corporate titles
1654:Corporate titles
1647:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1602:
1581:
1548:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1512:. Archived from
1495:
1477:
1476:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1446:Psychology Today
1437:
1431:
1430:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1312:. Archived from
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1259:Business Insider
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1205:. Archived from
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1039:"Superstar CEOs"
1031:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
995:
984:
978:
973:UK Legislation,
971:
965:
964:
962:
961:
947:
941:
940:
938:
937:
922:
916:
915:
913:
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898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
873:
867:
866:
864:
863:
849:
843:
842:
840:
839:
830:. Archived from
799:
793:
792:
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
744:
738:
737:
735:
734:
719:
713:
698:
692:
679:
673:
672:
644:
638:
637:
621:
530:Psychology Today
525:Scott Lilienfeld
488:Toxic executives
474:old boy networks
470:phallogocentrism
390:great man theory
344:local government
318:public relations
174:Responsibilities
100:, and even some
21:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2014:
2005:Product manager
1995:Account manager
1990:General manager
1973:
1944:General counsel
1917:
1778:Human resources
1656:
1651:
1595:
1539:(3): 973–1007.
1528:
1516:
1493:
1485:
1483:Further reading
1480:
1461:
1457:
1438:
1434:
1415:
1411:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1377:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1209:on Jan 22, 2019
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1159:Financial Times
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1122:
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991:
986:
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981:
972:
968:
959:
957:
949:
948:
944:
935:
933:
925:Dooley, Roger.
923:
919:
910:
908:
900:
899:
895:
886:
884:
874:
870:
861:
859:
851:
850:
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837:
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789:
775:
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761:
759:
746:
745:
741:
732:
730:
721:
720:
716:
699:
695:
689:Wayback Machine
680:
676:
661:10.2307/2393700
645:
641:
622:
615:
611:
554:
513:Snakes in Suits
496:
490:
443:
437:
425:
419:
414:
365:
340:
331:
289:
287:Corporate title
283:
220:
208:human resources
176:
138:
63:chief executive
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2110:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
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2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2019:Related topics
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1969:Vice president
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
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