382:, and that at some point in the later half of 1941, he gave a series of orders which called for the genocide of the entire Jewish population. Bauer has pointed to the discovery of an entry in Himmler's notebook dated December 18, 1941 where Himmler wrote down the question "What to do with the Jews of Russia?" According to the same notebook, Hitler's response to the question was "Exterminate them as partisans." In Bauer's view, this is as close as historians will ever get to a definitive order from Hitler ordering the Holocaust. Bauer believes that, at about the same time, Hitler gave further verbal orders for the Holocaust, but unfortunately for historians, nobody bothered to write them down. What the Nazis called the "
498:
41:
503:
499:
500:
502:
442:
entitled "The
Holocaust, America and American Jewry" precipitated a bitter debate between him, Rafael Medoff (Wyman Institute) and Alexander J. Groth (University of California, Davis), on what the US Government and the Jews of America could and could not have done to rescue the Jews of Europe. Bauer
454:
In 2003, Bauer stated that "What we have here between the
Israelis and the Palestinians is an armed conflict - if one side becomes stronger there is a chance of genocide." When one of the visitors asked, "Am I to understand that you think Israel could commit genocide on the Palestinian people?,"
1358:
Yehuda Bauer, one of the architects and supporters of the IHRA definition, has argued in various op-ed articles that the mere demand for the Right of Return is in itself a prelude to genocide and therefor is essentially antisemitic. Hence this definition, which has been adopted by many states
350:
during the
Holocaust, and he has argued for a wider definition of the term. In Bauer's view, resistance to the Nazis comprised not only physical opposition but any activity that gave the Jewish people dignity and humanity in the most humiliating and inhumane conditions. Furthermore, Bauer has
424:
and part of a mysterious master plan for the Jewish people. In Bauer's view, those who seek to promote this line of thinking argue that God is just and good, while simultaneously bringing down the
Holocaust on the Jewish people. Bauer has argued that a God who inflicts the
405:
and the disabled were just as much victims of the
Holocaust as the Jews were. However, Bauer has said that the Romani were subject to genocide (just not "the Holocaust") and he has supported the demands of the Romani for reparations from Germany.
501:
1432:
565:
1403:
409:
Another trend that Bauer has denounced is the representation of the
Holocaust as a mystical experience outside the normal range of human understanding. He has argued against the work of some
485:, Bauer argued that the Pope meant well and tried to walk the tightrope between Arab-Palestinian-Muslim and Palestinian-Christian enmity toward Israel and the Jews on the one hand, and the
1648:
1603:
1411:
1436:
1573:
397:, he argues that the Holocaust was the worst single case of genocide in history, in which every member of a nation was selected for annihilation. American historian
1558:
1389:
715:
Present-day
Antisemitism: Proceedings of the Eighth International Seminar of the Study Circle on World Jewry under the auspices of the President of Israel
1469:
993:
447:, who writes that the Holocaust was the result of the allegedly unique "eliminationist" antisemitic culture of the Germans. He has accused Goldhagen of
1502:
1588:
375:. According to Bauer, conditions prevented Kastner and other Jewish leaders from publicizing what they knew, and prevented Jews from escaping.
1010:
721:, Jerusalem 29â31 December 1985. Jerusalem: The Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, The Hebrew University, 1988
674:
621:
1219:
1583:
347:
1507:
1454:
1250:
1186:
535:
1638:
1608:
1493:
919:, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. 1994.
1155:
1548:
955:. Jerusalem: The Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem: 1991.
903:
1578:
1201:
393:
Bauer disagrees with those who argue that the
Holocaust was just another genocide. Though he agrees that there were other
940:. Jerusalem: Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1989.
467:
455:
Bauer answered "Yes," and added, "Just two days ago, extremist settlers passed out flyers to rid Arabs from this land.
1623:
1553:
960:
945:
924:
684:
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359:
had to endure, what is surprising is not how little resistance there was, but rather how much. Bauer has defended
973:
1315:
322:
316:
284:
372:
245:
and at sixteen, inspired by his history teacher, Rachel Krulik, he decided to dedicate himself to studying
1643:
1618:
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471:
352:
179:
68:
595:. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1970. Translated from Hebrew by Alton M. Winters.
1628:
1598:
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1371:
463:." Bauer said that opinion polls show that a high percentage of Palestinians want to get rid of Jews.
1512:
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430:
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1479:
470:, which classifies mainstream Palestinian positions as antisemitic. He has argued that calling for
364:
307:
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1106:
1359:
world-wide, including the USA, criminalizes the essence of
Palestinian narrative as antisemitic.
948:. (Papers based on a conference held at the New York University School of Law, 27 October 1985).
1543:
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1458:
1226:
827:
The tragedy of the Slovak Jews within the framework of Nazi policy towards the Jews in general
448:
280:
262:
1538:
394:
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Task Force for
International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance, and Research
230:
by managing to get past Nazi officials on a train which slipped them over the border into
8:
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368:
299:
219:
103:
390:
on January 20, 1942, although Bauer has rejected this view, calling it a "silly storyâ.
1349:
1290:
569:
549:
387:
283:. The following year, he began teaching at the Institute for Contemporary Jewry at the
254:
218:
convictions and during the 1930s he tried to raise money to relocate his family to the
1515:- A Bureaucratic Process or an Ideological Genocide? Excerpt from interview with Bauer
1490:
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119:
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456:
444:
410:
311:
203:
199:
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The danger of Antisemitism in Central and Eastern Europe in the wake of 1989-1990
303:
211:
207:
195:
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187:
143:
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864:
528:
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183:
155:
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1099:
725:
Out of the ashes: The impact of American Jews on post-Holocaust European Jewry
1532:
1329:
1033:
833:
Vom christlichen Judenhass zum modernen AntisemitismusâEin Erklaerungsversuch
402:
379:
151:
474:
is antisemitic because he believes it is a prelude to the genocide of Jews.
1463:
1404:"Regeringens belÜningsmedaljer och regeringens utmärkelse: Professors namn"
1044:
Bauer, Yehuda. Interview with Amos Goldberg. 18 January 1998. 22 July 2007
775:
766:
718:
542:
524:
339:
223:
150:; born April 6, 1926) is a Czech-born Israeli historian and scholar of the
1316:"Halpern, Orly, "Bauer: It could happen here," Haaretz, 26 February 2003"
460:
351:
disputed the popular view that most Jews went to their deaths passivelyâ"
507:
International Dimensions of Holocaust Education, UNESCO, 31 January 2012
1294:
1270:
1202:"Maybe Roosevelt Couldn't Have Saved the Jews From the Nazis After All"
839:
On the applicability of definitionsâAnti-Semitism in present-day Europe
802:
732:
561:
327:
85:
851:
The Wannsee "Conference" and its significance for the "Final Solution"
489:
of Jews in Israel and elsewhere regarding the Holocaust on the other.
1332:(2022). "From a Global War of Narratives to a Binational Framework".
790:
704:. Jerusalem: Hebrew University. Institute of Contemporary Jewry, 1985
553:
163:
1286:
1100:"Nazi Scheme Not Born at Wannsee, Israeli Holocaust Scholar Claims"
652:
516:
451:, and of only selecting evidence which is favorable to his thesis.
417:
261:
on a British scholarship, interrupting his studies to fight in the
997:
994:'History professor Yehuda Bauer: 'Netanyahu doesn't know history'
815:
Who was responsible and when? Some well-known documents revisited
269:
250:
246:
235:
215:
40:
667:
The Holocaust as historical experience: Essays and a discussion
630:
625:. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1974
482:
343:
272:
231:
227:
175:
97:
64:
963:(Based on a conference held October 28â29, 1990, in Jerusalem)
587:
The initial organization of the Holocaust survivors in Bavaria
1390:"Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1998 (in Hebrew)"
612:
426:
413:
367:, who have been criticized for allegedly not publicizing the
355:". He argues that, given the conditions in which the Jews of
295:
291:
258:
242:
1080:
1078:
511:
Bauer has received recognition for his work in the field of
1271:"On Perpetrators of the Holocaust and the Public Discourse"
593:
From diplomacy to Resistance: A history of Jewish Palestine
915:"Gypsies", in Yisrael Gutman and Michael Berenbaum, eds.,
371:
which documented the deportation of the Hungarian Jews to
1075:
378:
Bauer believes that Hitler was the key figure who caused
1604:
Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
279:. He received his doctorate in 1960 for a thesis on the
1649:
Israeli military personnel of the 1948 ArabâIsraeli War
298:(Israel Labour Party), and was a visiting professor at
741:
Remembering for the future: Working papers and addenda
633:
as factors in the establishment of the State of Israel
531:", primarily in connection with his Holocaust studies.
552:(Worthy Citizen of Jerusalem) award from the city of
1574:
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1433:"Recipients of Yakir Yerushalayim award (in Hebrew)"
1032:. Lecture by Yehuda Bauer, 2003. Jewish Studies at
696:
Jewish survivors in DP camps and She'erith Hapletah
605:
They chose life: Jewish resistance in the Holocaust
572:on the International Forum on Genocide Prevention.
294:, then the junior partner party of Israel's ruling
226:annexed Czechoslovakia, March 15, 1939, the family
1057:Jews for Sale? NaziâJewish Negotiations 1933â1945
753:RĂŠsistance et passivitĂŠ juive face Ă l'Holocauste
560:In addition, he serves as an academic adviser to
1530:
890:Rethinking the Holocaust. Haven, Yale University
874:. New Haven: Yale University Press, October 1994
443:has criticized the American political scientist
154:. He is a professor of Holocaust Studies at the
936:Menachem Z. Rosensaft and Yehuda Bauer (eds.),
647:. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1978
607:. New York: The American Jewish Committee, 1973
386:" is considered to have been formalized at the
679:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981
275:and began his graduate work in history at the
16:Israeli historian of the Holocaust (born 1926)
1559:Czechoslovak emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
249:. Upon completing high school, he joined the
938:Antisemitism: threat to Western civilization
845:Antisemitism as a European and world problem
675:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
663:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1979
622:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
314:. He was the founding editor of the journal
930:
420:who say that the Holocaust was the work of
342:âa word which he insists should be written
320:, and served on the editorial board of the
1410:(in Swedish). January 2006. Archived from
809:The Holocaust, religion and Jewish history
690:Jewish foreign policy during the Holocaust
39:
872:Jews for sale?: Nazi-Jewish negotiations,
536:Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
492:
1425:
1328:
821:Holocaust and genocide. Some comparisons
534:In 2001, he was elected a Member of the
496:
436:In January 2012, Bauer's article in the
1589:EMET Prize recipients in the Humanities
1011:"Problems of Contemporary Antisemitism"
661:The Jewish emergence from powerlessness
645:The Holocaust in historical perspective
466:Bauer was one of the architects of the
265:, after which he completed his degree.
158:Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the
1531:
1249:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1185:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1097:
1062:
1049:
886:. New York: Franklin Watts, 1982, 2001
673:American Jewry and the Holocaust. The
629:The Holocaust and the struggle of the
620:My brother's keeper: A history of the
290:He served on the central committee of
1382:
1268:
1199:
1059:. Yale University Press, 1994, p. 72.
384:Final Solution of the Jewish Question
338:Bauer specializes in the Holocaust,
333:
1269:Bauer, Yehuda (JanuaryâApril 1997).
702:Antisemitism today: Myth and reality
669:, New York: Holmes & Meier, 1981
1376:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
1088:Yale University Press, 2000, page 5
917:Anatomy of the Auschwitz death camp
147:
13:
1584:Israel Prize in history recipients
1441:City of Jerusalem official website
575:
468:Working Definition of Antisemitism
14:
1660:
1448:
1257:Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs
747:Jewish reactions to the Holocaust
727:. Oxford: Pergamon Press, c. 1989
580:
439:Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs
268:Bauer returned to Israel to join
1072:, Barricade Books, 2002, p. 406.
909:
1396:
1364:
1322:
1308:
1262:
1212:
1200:Segev, Tom (November 2, 2012).
1193:
1098:Levitt, Lee (23 January 1992).
974:List of Israel Prize recipients
880:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996
1639:Recipients of the Illis quorum
1609:Naturalized citizens of Israel
1255:. Holocaust Rescue Revisited,
1148:
1124:
1091:
1038:
1003:
986:
761:. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1989
743:. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1989
708:Antisemitism in Western Europe
601:. New York: Random House, 1970
323:Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust
317:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
241:Bauer attended high school in
1:
979:
896:The Jews - A Contrary People.
698:, Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1984
641:, Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1977
616:, Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1973
589:, Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1970
1549:Alumni of Cardiff University
783:Is the Holocaust explicable?
639:Trends in Holocaust research
568:, and senior adviser to the
541:In 2005, he was awarded the
529:history of the Jewish people
523:In 1998, he was awarded the
481:'s pilgrimage to Israel and
281:British Mandate of Palestine
234:. From there they moved via
220:British Mandate of Palestine
169:
104:British Mandate of Palestine
7:
1579:Historians of the Holocaust
1508:Lectures at Researchchannel
1275:The Jewish Quarterly Review
967:
878:The Impact of the Holocaust
749:. Tel-Aviv: MOD Books, 1989
472:Palestinian right of return
353:like sheep to the slaughter
10:
1665:
1346:10.1007/s12115-022-00666-3
884:A history of the Holocaust
611:Rescue operations through
599:Flight and rescue: Brichah
564:, academic adviser to the
545:by the Swedish government.
433:is neither good nor just.
348:Jewish resistance movement
1111:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
857:Antisemitism in the 1990s
548:In 2008, he received the
174:Yehuda Bauer was born in
133:
125:
115:
110:
96:
84:
79:
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47:
38:
31:
30:
23:
1624:Scholars of antisemitism
1554:Clark University faculty
1470:Address to the Bundestag
1466:January 11, 2005 (audio)
1086:Rethinking the Holocaust
1070:I Escaped from Auschwitz
931:Edited conference papers
863:The significance of the
365:Aid and Rescue Committee
308:Richard Stockton College
214:. His father had strong
1634:Yiddish-speaking people
1464:interview at KQED Forum
1107:London Jewish Chronicle
228:immigrated to Palestine
515:and the prevention of
508:
493:Awards and recognition
1372:"The Pope meant well"
506:
263:1948 Arab-Israeli War
1513:The âFinal Solutionâ
1137:. www1.yadvashem.org
951:Yehuda Bauer (ed.),
449:Germanophobic racism
395:genocides in history
369:Vrba-Wetzler report
300:Brandeis University
194:. He later learned
80:Academic background
1644:People from Prague
1619:People from Shoval
1594:Israeli historians
1496:2021-05-24 at the
898:LIT Verlag, 2014,
655:: some conclusions
570:Swedish Government
550:Yakir Yerushalayim
509:
388:Wannsee Conference
334:Views and opinions
255:Cardiff University
90:Cardiff University
1629:Yad Vashem people
1599:Jewish historians
1564:Czechoslovak Jews
1408:Regeringskansliet
1281:(3/4): 346, 349.
1000:21 February 2013.
904:978-3-643-90501-7
765:Antisemitism and
513:Holocaust studies
504:
487:collective trauma
479:Pope Benedict XVI
399:Henry Friedlander
285:Hebrew University
277:Hebrew University
160:Hebrew University
137:
136:
129:Hebrew University
120:Holocaust studies
92:Hebrew University
1656:
1523:Memory of Nation
1472:January 27, 1998
1442:
1440:
1435:. Archived from
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1016:. Archived from
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759:Out of the Ashes
692:. New York: 1984
505:
457:Ethnic cleansing
445:Daniel Goldhagen
401:argues that the
312:Clark University
149:
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55:
43:
33:
21:
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1614:Palmach members
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1498:Wayback Machine
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1220:"Archived copy"
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1156:"Archived copy"
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1055:Bauer, Yehuda.
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1024:
1023:on July 5, 2003
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731:The mission of
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576:Published works
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326:, published by
304:Yale University
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1569:Czech Zionists
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1500:
1488:
1486:1993 Interview
1483:
1476:1998 Interview
1473:
1467:
1461:
1450:
1449:External links
1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:on 2011-06-17.
1424:
1395:
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1378:. 13 May 2009.
1363:
1330:Goldberg, Amos
1321:
1307:
1261:
1259:VII:3, 127-142
1211:
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1123:
1090:
1084:Bauer, Yehuda
1074:
1068:Vrba, Rudolf.
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581:Authored books
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558:
557:
546:
539:
532:
494:
491:
361:Rudolf Kastner
357:Eastern Europe
335:
332:
253:. He attended
238:to Palestine.
182:and fluent in
180:Czechoslovakia
171:
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156:Avraham Harman
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1544:Living people
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1491:at Yad VaShem
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1414:on 2021-11-02
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1232:on 2014-08-25
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1168:on 2012-03-25
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1034:UC Santa Cruz
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58:April 6, 1926
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1519:Yehuda Bauer
1437:the original
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1412:the original
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769:âNew and old
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719:Chaim Herzog
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525:Israel Prize
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344:unhyphenated
340:antisemitism
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224:Nazi Germany
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140:Yehuda Bauer
139:
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126:Institutions
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1539:1926 births
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799:The Brichah
789:La place d'
477:Concerning
459:results in
418:theologians
148:××××× ××××ר
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1533:Categories
1418:2022-05-18
1300:January 9,
1236:2015-05-26
1172:2015-04-20
1141:2019-12-30
1105:. London:
1027:2003-07-05
980:References
803:Yad Vashem
733:Joel Brand
653:Judenraete
562:Yad Vashem
328:Yad Vashem
116:Discipline
86:Alma mater
54:1926-04-06
1354:246859888
791:Auschwitz
554:Jerusalem
373:Auschwitz
346:âand the
330:in 1990.
170:Biography
164:Jerusalem
152:Holocaust
1494:Archived
1245:cite web
1181:cite web
968:See also
517:genocide
411:Orthodox
363:and the
1503:at HUJI
1334:Society
1295:1455190
1206:Haaretz
1116:30 June
998:Haaretz
527:, for "
429:on his
270:Kibbutz
251:Palmach
247:history
236:Romania
216:Zionist
204:English
200:Yiddish
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1132:"Info"
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892:, 2001
868:. 1994
859:. 1993
853:. 1993
847:. 1993
841:. 1993
835:. 1992
829:, 1992
823:. 1991
817:. 1991
811:. 1991
805:, 1990
795:. 1990
779:. 1990
771:. 1990
755:. 1989
736:. 1989
710:. 1988
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631:Yishuv
483:Jordan
414:rabbis
403:Romani
310:, and
273:Shoval
232:Poland
212:Polish
208:French
196:Hebrew
192:German
188:Slovak
176:Prague
144:Hebrew
98:Thesis
65:Prague
1525:site.
1350:S2CID
1291:JSTOR
1230:(PDF)
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613:Vilna
427:Shoah
296:Mapai
292:Mapam
259:Wales
243:Haifa
184:Czech
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1251:link
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1118:2022
957:ISBN
942:ISBN
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900:ISBN
785:1990
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657:. :
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