253:
243:
225:
600:
181:
1712:
31:
667:, a government official, for help; Frasheri referred them to Xhafer Deva, who apparently on the one hand had a "good reputation for protecting Jews" yet on the other "had become known for the terror he exercised across the streets of Tirana along with his hordes". Xhafer Deva, then the interior minister of the Albanian
592:, he later helped create a national committee of twenty-two Albanian and Kosovo Albanian leaders which declared Albania independent and which elected an executive committee under Biçakçiu to form a provisional government. On 5 November, Deva was appointed Minister of the Interior in the Tirana Government of
646:
in mid-1944, when he met with
Tihomir Šarković, representative of Mihailović. He and his men also engaged in collecting food and radio equipment from withdrawing German soldiers and attempted to purchase further weapons from them in order to organize a "final solution" of the Slavic population of
685:
As the war in
Albania drew to a close, Deva fled to Croatia and then to Austria in December, where he was resettled with the help of the Reich Foreign Ministry as the Germans evacuated Albania and Kosovo. There, he joined other anti-Communist Albanians in exile and took care of the ailing Rexhep
676:
custom of hospitality. To the
Germans, Deva argued that he would not hand over the list as he would not accept "interference in Albanian affairs". Deva informed the leaders of the Jewish community that he had successfully refused the German request afterward. In June 1944, the German authorities
662:
Historical review of Deva's role in World War II has become more complicated as, while his atrocities and collaboration with the Axis continue to be acknowledged and condemned, his role in saving Jews within
Albania proper has also come to light. In the spring of 1944, the German occupiers again
534:
and the
Germans to establish a pro-German Albanian government in Kosovo linked to the Albanian nation. He quickly became the Balli Kombëtar's most powerful figure. The most capable Kosovo Albanian politician of the war, he was then appointed head of the local administration in German-occupied
627:, the Albanian Minister of National Economy. On 16 June, Mitrovica's government was dissolved and Deva lost his position as Minister of the Interior. He was then appointed leader of the Second League of Prizren, and took charge of anti-Partisan operations around the town in September.
294:
and was effectively given direct command of the forces of the newly formed
Albanian government. On 4 February 1944, police units subordinate to him massacred 86 residents of Tirana suspected of being anti-fascists. Deva was later involved in recruiting Kosovo Albanians to join the
671:
government, reportedly told two Jewish delegates that he had the list, and agreed that he would protest the matter with the
Germans. He refused to hand the list over to the Germans and rejected their requests to gather Jews in one place, purportedly because of the Albanian
507:. Most of Kosovo was annexed to Albania and in the beginning Albanians living there enthusiastically welcomed the Italian occupation. Although officially under Italian rule, the Albanians controlled the region and were encouraged to open
299:. He lost his position as Minister of the Interior with the dissolution of the Albanian government on 16 June, and subsequently became leader of the Second League of Prizren and led anti-Partisan operations around
634:
victory in the
Balkans imminent, Deva was also involved in a last-ditch attempt to set up an anti-Communist government in Kosovo, and received large caches of weapons and ammunition from SS General
663:
asked for a list of Jews, which had earlier been refused by
Albanian collaborationist authorities; upon hearing the grave situation, two of the local Jewish leaders sought the council of
608:
296:
2483:
620:
607:
On 4 February 1944, police units under his authority massacred 86 residents of Tirana suspected of being anti-fascists. Later, Deva began recruiting Kosovo
Albanians to join the
338:
and played an active role in organizing anti-Communist resistance until his death on 25 May 1978. Files released after his death showed that he had been recruited by the
2488:
596:
and collaborated with the Germans to oppose the spread of Communist forces in the north, effectively giving him direct command over the forces of the new government.
1246:
1744:
2415:
495:
2833:
2818:
2697:
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2798:
1753:
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2813:
511:
schools, which had been banned by the Yugoslav government. The Italians also gave the inhabitants Albanian citizenship and allowed them to fly the
2626:
638:
and Neubacher's special representative, Karl Gstottenbauer. For similar reasons Deva and other Albanian collaborators agreed to an alliance with
279:, he took charge of German-occupied Mitrovica and worked with the Germans to establish a pro-German Albanian government in Kosovo. Following the
2838:
2692:
2453:
2448:
2443:
655:
of Slavs from occurring. According to German reports from November 1944, Deva had a force of about 20,000 armed men at his disposal. Historian
303:
in September. Soon after, he fled to Croatia and then to Austria with the help of the Germans, where he joined other anti-Communist Albanians.
2510:
2423:
466:
530:
will probably allow cleansing of Serbs from these areas, but any radical actions shouldn't be rushed. Later that year, Deva worked with the
754:
432:
By 1941, Deva was the first Kosovo Albanian political leader to declare himself ready to collaborate with the Germans in the event of the
2758:
2611:
659:
writes that this number is likely exaggerated, but concedes that large groups of Kosovo Albanians were active in the region at the time.
581:, killing at least 300 people. Deva subsequently placed the newly established units of Balli Kombëtar under the command of the Germans.
2505:
624:
1737:
2803:
2778:
2458:
2598:
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2550:
2538:
291:
43:
1584:
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1514:
1489:
1461:
1419:
1395:
1376:
1355:
1320:
1296:
1271:
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1730:
746:
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2433:
526:
about organisation of 'new order'. Eberhardt demanded that new municipal governments have to be formed and claim that
2763:
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426:
418:
276:
224:
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2788:
2210:
1781:
490:
247:
706:). In 1956, he immigrated to the United States and briefly lived in New York and Boston. In 1960, he moved to
2069:
753:
would help finance the restoration of Deva's former home in Mitrovica. The decision was condemned by Serbian
1663:
1525:
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and sought to create an ethnically cleansed Greater Albania. Between 4 and 7 December 1943, 400 soldiers of
2679:
2631:
1964:
1776:
1716:
707:
323:
2687:
2543:
2468:
1365:
Frank, Chaim (2010). "Antisemitism in Yugoslavia". In Petersen, Hans-Christian; Salzborn, Samuel (eds.).
735:
433:
339:
322:). In 1956, he immigrated to the United States and briefly lived in New York and Boston before moving to
256:
2323:
1624:
Hehn, Paul N. (1971). "Serbia, Croatia and Germany 1941–1945: Civil War and Revolution in the Balkans".
616:
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and played an active role in organizing anti-Communist resistance. He died on 25 May 1978, aged 74.
2768:
2473:
544:
284:
1722:
677:
asked for the list of Jews again, and the Albanian collaborationist government refused yet again.
390:
neighbourhood. He graduated in 1922 and travelled to Egypt, where he briefly worked for a bank in
2555:
2165:
2125:
765:
719:
686:
Mitrovica. From late 1945 until early 1947, he lived in western Austria, at a safe distance from
673:
335:
2262:
2029:
1849:
1341:
2722:
2079:
631:
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before returning to Mitrovica in 1933 and setting up a lumber business that lasted until 1941.
252:
2463:
2170:
1914:
768:. In response to the criticism, the UNDP and EU decided to withdraw funding for the project.
643:
585:
536:
486:
458:
283:
from the war, he helped form a provisional government under German occupation and set up the
280:
2277:
2150:
2135:
2120:
1889:
1839:
518:
On April 26 Deva organised a meeting between Albanian representatives from Kosovo and south
2753:
2748:
2200:
1551:
1506:
493:
was expanded to include adjacent parts of Yugoslavia incorporated mainly from the Yugoslav
2215:
1944:
1844:
275:
politician during World War II. A notable local politician in Kosovo and in Axis-occupied
8:
2533:
2100:
2019:
711:
474:
414:
327:
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2004:
1984:
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140:
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1994:
1929:
1804:
1637:
1633:
1453:
Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Albania in Occupation and War, 1939–45
652:
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411:
272:
74:
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2195:
2190:
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2014:
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on 21 February 1904. He was the seventh son of Ibrahim Deva, a wood merchant from
2664:
2438:
2395:
2338:
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1874:
1570:
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1541:
1500:
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1451:
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1331:
1310:
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Files released after his death showed that Deva was one of 743 suspected fascist
656:
566:
548:
512:
504:
500:
379:
2064:
2009:
1869:
2034:
1954:
1924:
1471:
750:
664:
635:
375:
359:
355:
148:
144:
2205:
2185:
1989:
1664:"A 'Nazi Collaborator's' Former Home Raises Uncomfortable Questions In Kosovo"
1607:
1281:
Breitman, Richard; Goda, Norman J.W.; Naftali, Timothy; Wolfe, Robert (2005).
2742:
2528:
2359:
2313:
2231:
2024:
1974:
1934:
1526:"Attitude of Collaborative Governments in Defense of the Jews during the War"
761:
731:
478:
164:
2074:
1854:
387:
2343:
1879:
1859:
1306:
578:
540:
527:
326:
in 1960. He worked as an assistant supervisor at the mailing department of
209:
1390:. Vol. 1. Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro: Jewish Historical Museum.
2246:
1547:
War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration
1247:"Casting Light on Little-Known Story of Albania Rescuing Jews From Nazis"
547:
on 16 September 1943. The league, whose aim was to defend the borders of
470:
454:
367:
1661:
1645:
1602:] (Doctoral) (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: University of Belgrade.
1211:
398:, he left Egypt and sought treatment in Austria. He studied forestry in
2155:
1864:
1684:"EU and UN halt funding for Kosovo honoring Albanian Nazi collaborator"
1193:
612:
422:
395:
391:
213:
168:
96:
519:
2659:
2328:
1405:
1288:
715:
710:, and worked as an assistant supervisor at the mailing department of
462:
331:
185:
1809:
2387:
1752:
739:
691:
668:
639:
447:
383:
371:
307:
205:
1662:
Bislimi, Bekim; Hysenaj, Shkelqim; Heil, Andy (11 February 2022).
932:
930:
928:
718:
until his retirement in 1972. In his years in exile, Deva led the
543:, assisted by the German emissary Franz von Schweiger, set up the
1502:
The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005
1368:
Antisemitism in Eastern Europe: History and Present in Comparison
1217:
1126:
589:
363:
300:
297:
21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian)
242:
180:
461:
on 6 April 1941. Afterwards, the country was dismantled and the
446:, the German special representative for southeastern Europe, in
2702:
1711:
1569:
Yeomans, Rory (2006). Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul (eds.).
1157:
925:
687:
482:
438:
399:
694:
in Syria, where he helped publish an exile newspaper entitled
570:
429:
the Albanian state as a protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy,
30:
574:
558:
553:
1080:
1078:
1076:
450:
prior to the invasion and had given the latter his support.
562:
334:
until his retirement in 1972. During this time, he led the
1001:
850:
760:, Germany's ambassador to Kosovo, Joern Rohde, as well as
1181:
1147:
1145:
1073:
442:(the German military intelligence) for some time, he met
1280:
1199:
1049:
989:
862:
1102:
1090:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
847:, p. 350, official name of the occupied territory.
802:
1169:
1142:
1037:
1025:
1013:
913:
891:
889:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
310:, where he helped publish an exile newspaper entitled
1681:
1223:
1114:
814:
1350:. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press.
954:
271:(21 February 1904 – 25 May 1978) was a fascist
1244:
1163:
977:
942:
901:
886:
826:
777:
1371:. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang. pp. 67–112.
1259:
1061:
874:
838:
1414:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
2740:
1257:
936:
481:, with the addition of the northern portion of
1738:
1312:A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History
647:Kosovo. Nothing came of this as the powerful
467:Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
103:Head of the local administration in Mitrovica
1212:Bislimi, Hysenaj & Heil 11 February 2022
745:In February 2022, it was announced that the
2627:Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
2612:National Army of Montenegro and Herzegovina
1388:We Survived: Yugoslav Jews on the Holocaust
2506:SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak
1745:
1731:
1540:
1187:
1084:
856:
421:on 7 April 1939, and deposed its monarch,
370:, he attended a German-language school in
29:
2834:Military personnel from Mitrovica, Kosovo
2819:People of the Central Intelligence Agency
1329:
995:
690:forces. In 1947, Deva moved via Italy to
342:(CIA) while living in the United States.
2799:Albanian collaborators with Nazi Germany
1593:
1572:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia
1258:Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007).
1108:
1096:
1055:
919:
598:
2829:Yugoslav emigrants to the United States
2814:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire
2599:German occupied territory of Montenegro
2511:Einsatzstaffel der Deutschen Mannschaft
1568:
1449:
1340:
1175:
1120:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
820:
808:
287:alongside other Albanian nationalists.
56:5 November 1943 – 16 June 1944
44:Minister of Internal Affairs of Albania
2741:
2551:1st Belgrade Special Combat detachment
1470:
868:
2839:Businesspeople from Mitrovica, Kosovo
1726:
1632:(4). University of Alberta: 344–373.
1523:
1498:
1428:
1404:
1364:
1305:
1262:The Balkans: A Post-Communist History
1151:
1136:
1067:
983:
971:
948:
907:
895:
880:
832:
796:
374:. Afterwards, he studied commerce at
306:After the war, he moved via Italy to
1682:Liphshiz, Cnaan (12 February 2022).
1623:
1385:
1132:
844:
747:United Nations Development Programme
1456:. Vol. 2. London: I.B.Tauris.
1432:Yugoslavia: A History of Its Demise
1245:Berger, Joseph (18 November 2013).
573:and committed mass murder of local
290:In November 1943, he was appointed
13:
2759:Politicians from Mitrovica, Kosovo
1336:. Review of International Affairs.
680:
623:. In May, he visited Germany with
436:. Having been in contact with the
14:
2850:
2594:Italian governorate of Montenegro
1704:
477:. The territory included most of
2574:Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia
2521:Government of National Salvation
1772:Government of National Salvation
1710:
603:Xhafer Deva's house in Mitrovica
350:Xhafer Ibrahim Deva was born in
251:
241:
223:
179:
2804:Government ministers of Albania
2779:Albanian people of World War II
1668:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1654:
1284:U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis
619:, he popularized recruition in
405:
114:1941 – 5 November 1943
16:Albanian politician (1904–1978)
2680:Independent State of Macedonia
2566:Slovene military organizations
2401:Lim-Sandžak Chetnik Detachment
1782:Independent State of Macedonia
1758:Yugoslavia during World War II
1638:10.1080/00085006.1971.11091249
1291:: Cambridge University Press.
1266:. London, England: Routledge.
615:, after invitation from mayor
1:
2809:Interior ministers of Albania
2388:Chetnik movement (broad term)
1594:Živković, Milutin D. (2017).
1554:: Stanford University Press.
1232:
569:commanded by Deva surrounded
345:
2632:German occupation of Albania
1777:Independent State of Croatia
1509:: Indiana University Press.
1477:Axis Rule in Occupied Europe
1435:. New York City: Routledge.
937:Bideleux & Jeffries 2007
708:Calaveras County, California
324:Calaveras County, California
7:
2784:Albanian military personnel
2688:Bulgarian Action Committees
2544:Montenegrin Volunteer Corps
1690:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1616:
1524:Stafa, Monika (June 2017).
1330:Filipović, Gordana (1989).
736:Central Intelligence Agency
499:(regional subdivisions) of
434:Axis invasion of Yugoslavia
340:Central Intelligence Agency
257:Central Intelligence Agency
10:
2855:
2728:World War II in Yugoslavia
1815:Yugoslav National Movement
1499:Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006).
651:prevented any large-scale
248:Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)
2715:
2673:
2625:
2617:Montenegrin National Army
2592:
2564:
2519:
2429:Croatian Air Force Legion
2414:
2386:
2377:
2352:
2306:
2255:
2224:
2211:Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin
2093:
1830:
1823:
1790:
1764:
1577:Santa Barbara, California
1386:Gaon, Aleksandar (2005).
1347:Albania at War, 1939–1945
1224:Liphshiz 12 February 2022
725:
611:. Previously, in 1943 in
584:Together with Pejani and
524:Friedrich-Georg Eberhardt
262:
236:
231:
219:
201:
191:
174:
154:
127:
122:
118:
107:
102:
90:
80:
68:
60:
49:
41:
37:
28:
21:
2764:Albanian anti-communists
1626:Canadian Slavonic Papers
1484:: The Lawbook Exchange.
1237:
771:
545:Second League of Prizren
292:Minister of the Interior
285:Second League of Prizren
2556:Belgrade Special Police
2539:Serbian Volunteer Corps
1411:Kosovo: War and Revenge
1333:Kosovo–Past and present
1164:Berger 18 November 2013
766:Simon Wiesenthal Center
720:Third League of Prizren
336:Third League of Prizren
2723:Invasion of Yugoslavia
2479:Sandžak Muslim militia
1450:Pearson, Owen (2006).
1429:Meier, Viktor (1999).
1315:. London: I.B.Tauris.
764:, the director of the
703:
604:
378:, an American private
319:
2824:Robert College alumni
2789:Albanian nationalists
2464:Croatian Naval Legion
2416:Croatian Armed Forces
1342:Fischer, Bernd Jürgen
602:
537:capitulation of Italy
535:Mitrovica. After the
459:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
281:capitulation of Italy
2675:Bulgarian occupation
1895:Muhamed Hadžiefendić
1719:at Wikimedia Commons
1552:Stanford, California
1507:Bloomington, Indiana
1200:Breitman et al. 2005
522:with German general
2534:Serbian State Guard
2474:Hadžiefendić Legion
2434:Croatian Home Guard
2324:Aćif Hadžiahmetović
1530:Anglisticum Journal
1010:, pp. 301–302.
871:, pp. 260–261.
712:Stanford University
704:Unity of the Nation
617:Aćif Hadžiahmetović
588:, a landowner from
557:(holy war) against
471:military government
425:. Afterwards, they
328:Stanford University
320:Unity of the Nation
23:Xhafer Ibrahim Deva
2584:Slovene Home Guard
2424:Croatian Air Force
2166:Vojislav Lukačević
2151:Dragutin Keserović
2136:Dragomir Jovanović
2126:Dobroslav Jevđević
1890:Miroslav Filipović
1840:Mehmed Alajbegović
1688:The Jerusalem Post
1251:The New York Times
649:Yugoslav Partisans
605:
2774:Albanian fascists
2736:
2735:
2711:
2710:
2373:
2372:
2216:Svetozar Vujković
2080:Vjekoslav Vrančić
2000:Miroslav Navratil
1945:Vjekoslav Luburić
1845:Andrija Artuković
1715:Media related to
1600:Sandžak 1941–1943
1586:978-1-57607-940-9
1561:978-0-8047-3615-2
1516:978-0-253-34656-8
1491:978-1-58477-901-8
1482:Clark, New Jersey
1463:978-1-84511-104-5
1421:978-0-300-09725-2
1397:978-8-69037-519-6
1378:978-3-631-59828-3
1357:978-1-55753-141-4
1322:978-1-78076-431-3
1298:978-0-521-61794-9
1273:978-0-203-96911-3
1154:, pp. 39–40.
1139:, pp. 39–40.
859:, pp. 63–64.
811:, pp. 21–57.
738:(CIA) during the
734:recruited by the
696:Bashkimi i Kombit
509:Albanian language
444:Hermann Neubacher
394:. Suffering from
312:Bashkimi i Kombit
266:
265:
2846:
2640:Albanian Militia
2489:23rd SS Division
2484:13th SS Division
2406:Pećanac Chetniks
2384:
2383:
2365:Hristo Tatarchev
2334:Rexhep Mitrovica
2293:Mihailo Ivanović
2283:Zaharije Ostojić
2171:Draža Mihailović
2161:Dimitrije Ljotić
2005:Sulejman Pačariz
1985:Husein Miljković
1970:Vladimir Metikoš
1930:Slavko Kvaternik
1915:Džafer Kulenović
1828:
1827:
1805:Slovene Covenant
1747:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1714:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1649:
1611:
1596:Санџак 1941–1943
1590:
1565:
1542:Tomasevich, Jozo
1537:
1520:
1495:
1467:
1446:
1425:
1401:
1382:
1361:
1337:
1326:
1302:
1277:
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905:
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893:
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866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
755:Culture Minister
653:ethnic cleansing
644:Draža Mihailović
594:Rexhep Mitrovica
586:Ibrahim Biçakçiu
465:established the
419:Albanian Kingdom
412:Kingdom of Italy
255:
246:
245:
232:Military service
227:
184:
183:
161:
138:21 February 1904
137:
135:
123:Personal details
112:
93:
83:
75:Rexhep Mitrovica
71:
54:
33:
19:
18:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2769:Albanian exiles
2739:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2707:
2678:
2669:
2665:Kosovo Regiment
2630:
2621:
2597:
2588:
2579:Legion of Death
2560:
2515:
2439:Croatian Legion
2410:
2396:Dinara Division
2379:
2369:
2348:
2339:Shaban Polluzha
2302:
2288:Sekula Drljević
2263:Blažo Đukanović
2251:
2242:Gregorij Rožman
2237:Ernest Peterlin
2220:
2201:Stevo Rađenović
2181:Fehim Musakadić
2111:Jezdimir Dangić
2089:
2060:Tomislav Sertić
2040:Husein Rovčanin
1940:Mladen Lorković
1920:Osman Kulenović
1875:Fedor Dragojlov
1832:
1819:
1792:
1786:
1760:
1751:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1672:
1670:
1657:
1652:
1619:
1614:
1587:
1575:. Vol. 1.
1562:
1517:
1492:
1472:Lemkin, Raphael
1464:
1443:
1422:
1398:
1379:
1358:
1323:
1299:
1274:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1188:Tomasevich 2001
1186:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1143:
1135:, p. 278;
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1085:Tomasevich 2001
1083:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1058:, p. 1062.
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
982:
978:
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955:
947:
943:
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926:
918:
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902:
894:
887:
879:
875:
867:
863:
857:Tomasevich 2001
855:
851:
843:
839:
831:
827:
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
778:
774:
728:
683:
681:Exile and death
657:Jozo Tomasevich
567:Kosovo Regiment
549:Greater Albania
491:Italian Albania
408:
380:boarding school
366:. Prior to the
348:
273:Kosovo Albanian
250:
240:
212:
208:
192:Political party
178:
163:
159:
139:
133:
131:
113:
108:
91:
86:Kol Bib Mirakaj
81:
69:
64:Regency Council
55:
50:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2852:
2842:
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2836:
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2821:
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2796:
2794:Balli Kombëtar
2791:
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2645:Balli Kombëtar
2642:
2636:
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2622:
2620:
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2614:
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2607:Lovćen Brigade
2603:
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2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2494:Ustaše Militia
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:392nd Division
2451:
2449:373rd Division
2446:
2444:369th Division
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2298:Novica Radović
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2146:Nikola Kalabić
2143:
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2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2101:Milan Aćimović
2097:
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2077:
2072:
2070:Ivan Tomašević
2067:
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2050:Slavko Štancer
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:Osman Rastoder
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Viktor Pavičić
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Ivica Matković
1962:
1957:
1955:Julije Makanec
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:Dido Kvaternik
1922:
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1912:
1910:Vladimir Košak
1907:
1905:Božidar Kavran
1902:
1897:
1892:
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1885:Jure Francetić
1882:
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1831:Croatian &
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1765:Puppet regimes
1762:
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1705:External links
1703:
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1192:
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1180:
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1111:, p. 497.
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1036:
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996:Filipović 1989
988:
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953:
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924:
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885:
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825:
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813:
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775:
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751:European Union
727:
724:
682:
679:
665:Mehdi Frasheri
636:Josef Fitzthum
561:, Gypsies and
532:Balli Kombëtar
427:re-established
407:
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376:Robert College
360:Ottoman Empire
356:Kosovo Vilayet
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149:Ottoman Empire
145:Kosovo Vilayet
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2380:organizations
2376:
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2360:Ivan Mihailov
2358:
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2278:Pavle Đurišić
2276:
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2273:Bajo Stanišić
2271:
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2268:Krsto Popović
2266:
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2261:
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2232:Franc Frakelj
2230:
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2199:
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2196:Kosta Pećanac
2194:
2192:
2191:Mihailo Olćan
2189:
2187:
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2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Kosta Mušicki
2174:
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2159:
2157:
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2149:
2147:
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2141:Milan Kalabić
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:Velibor Jonić
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:Momčilo Đujić
2119:
2117:
2116:Uroš Drenović
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Petar Baćović
2104:
2102:
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2085:Hasan Zvizdić
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2025:Ismet Popovac
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Stijepo Perić
2013:
2011:
2008:
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2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:Ademaga Mešić
1978:
1976:
1975:Josip Metzger
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1971:
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1963:
1961:
1960:Nikola Mandić
1958:
1956:
1953:
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1950:Mihajlo Lukić
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1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:Vladimir Laxa
1933:
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1911:
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1793:organizations
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1754:Collaboration
1748:
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1307:Elsie, Robert
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1123:, p. 31.
1122:
1117:
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1109:Živković 2017
1105:
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1097:Živković 2017
1093:
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1056:Živković 2017
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1016:
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1004:
997:
992:
986:, p. 97.
985:
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973:
968:
966:
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962:
960:
958:
951:, p. 24.
950:
945:
938:
933:
931:
929:
922:, p. 91.
921:
920:Živković 2017
916:
910:, p. 28.
909:
904:
897:
892:
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883:, p. 27.
882:
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762:Efraim Zuroff
759:
758:Maja Gojković
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732:war criminals
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2499:Black Legion
2469:Green cadres
2344:Mefail Shehu
2318:
2065:Alija Šuljak
2045:Franjo Šimić
2010:Ante Pavelić
1900:Ivo Herenčić
1880:Mato Dukovac
1870:Eduard Bunić
1860:Rafael Boban
1692:. Retrieved
1687:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:
1655:News reports
1629:
1625:
1599:
1595:
1579:: ABC-CLIO.
1571:
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1533:
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1452:
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1387:
1367:
1346:
1332:
1311:
1283:
1261:
1250:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1176:Fischer 1999
1171:
1159:
1128:
1121:Yeomans 2006
1116:
1104:
1092:
1070:, p. 5.
1063:
1051:
1044:Fischer 1999
1039:
1032:Pearson 2006
1027:
1020:Pearson 2006
1015:
1008:Pearson 2006
1003:
991:
979:
944:
915:
903:
876:
864:
852:
840:
828:
821:Fischer 1999
816:
809:Fischer 1999
804:
744:
729:
695:
684:
661:
629:
621:SS Handschar
606:
583:
579:Montenegrins
552:
541:Bedri Pejani
528:Adolf Hitler
517:
494:
457:invaded the
452:
437:
431:
409:
406:World War II
349:
311:
305:
289:
268:
267:
210:Entrepreneur
160:(1978-05-25)
109:
92:Succeeded by
51:
2754:1978 deaths
2749:1904 births
2319:Xhafer Deva
2256:Montenegrin
2247:Leon Rupnik
2206:Mane Rokvić
2186:Milan Nedić
2055:Dinko Šakić
1995:Ante Nikšić
1990:Ljubo Miloš
1717:Xhafer Deva
1694:12 February
1673:12 February
869:Lemkin 2008
551:, declared
539:, Deva and
455:Axis powers
368:Balkan Wars
269:Xhafer Deva
175:Nationality
158:25 May 1978
82:Preceded by
2743:Categories
2650:Skanderbeg
2156:Rade Korda
2075:Ante Vokić
2030:Ivan Prpić
1865:Mile Budak
1855:Mijo Babić
1850:Ivan Babić
1791:Political
1608:1242119546
1406:Judah, Tim
1233:References
1152:Stafa 2017
1137:Stafa 2017
1068:Elsie 2012
984:Frank 2010
972:Elsie 2012
949:Meier 1999
908:Judah 2002
896:Ramet 2006
881:Judah 2002
833:Ramet 2006
797:Elsie 2012
613:Novi Pazar
475:occupation
423:King Zog I
396:rheumatism
392:Alexandria
388:Arnavutköy
346:Early life
237:Allegiance
214:Politician
202:Occupation
169:California
134:1904-02-21
97:Fiqri Dine
2660:Vulnetari
2378:Military
2353:Bulgarian
2329:Xhem Hasa
1289:Cambridge
1133:Gaon 2005
845:Hehn 1971
716:Palo Alto
630:With the
496:banovinas
463:Wehrmacht
352:Mitrovica
332:Palo Alto
220:Signature
141:Mitrovica
110:In office
61:President
52:In office
2719:See also
2307:Albanian
1646:40866373
1617:Journals
1544:(2001).
1474:(2008).
1408:(2002).
1344:(1999).
1309:(2012).
749:and the
740:Cold War
700:Albanian
692:Damascus
669:quisling
640:Chetniks
625:Ago Agaj
485:and the
469:under a
448:Belgrade
384:Istanbul
372:Salonika
316:Albanian
308:Damascus
206:Merchant
186:Albanian
2225:Slovene
2094:Serbian
1833:Bosniak
590:Elbasan
520:Sandžak
415:invaded
364:Gjakova
301:Prizren
277:Albania
2703:Ohrana
1824:People
1810:Ustaše
1800:Greens
1644:
1606:
1583:
1558:
1513:
1488:
1460:
1439:
1418:
1394:
1375:
1354:
1319:
1295:
1270:
726:Legacy
688:Soviet
632:Allied
505:Morava
501:Vardar
483:Kosovo
439:Abwehr
400:Vienna
2698:MYSRO
1642:JSTOR
1598:[
1238:Books
772:Notes
575:Serbs
559:Slavs
554:jihad
487:Banat
42:33rd
2693:IMRO
1696:2022
1675:2022
1604:OCLC
1581:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1536:(6).
1511:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1268:ISBN
674:besa
577:and
563:Jews
503:and
453:The
417:the
410:The
155:Died
128:Born
2629:and
1756:in
1634:doi
714:in
642:of
571:Peć
515:.
473:of
386:'s
382:in
330:in
2745::
2677:/
1686:.
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1640:.
1630:13
1628:.
1550:.
1532:.
1528:.
1505:.
1480:.
1287:.
1249:.
1144:^
1075:^
956:^
927:^
888:^
779:^
742:.
702::
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358:,
354:,
318::
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147:,
143:,
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