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hold small or confectionery sales, such as sold buttons on button days, rattled collection boxes on collection days, organised fetes, baked cakes, put together 'comfort parcels' and, above all they knitted. Quite a few women looked to take a greater part in the more war related activities. This included cooking, stretcher bearing, drivers, interpreters and munitions workers. However the government did not allow it.
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286:"; for this line of thinking, he was denounced and even categorised as a traitor. He was one of the people who campaigned against Prime Minister Hughes when his referendum for conscription failed. He went through with his argument religiously, and, when the Labor Party split, he participated in supporting the Catholic side of the anti-conscription debate. Through this, he encouraged the political endeavours of
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however, knew that he did not need to create a new law but could just amend the old one to include conscription via a democratic referendum. As a result, on 28 October 1916, an advisory referendum was held to decide whether the community of
Australia supported conscription. The vote was rejected, and Hughes was sacked from the Labor Party. Hughes acted quickly to take his supporters in parliament and form the
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In the light of that, and a significant decline in voluntary enlistments in 1916â17, Hughes decided to hold a second conscription plebiscite, which took place on 20 December 1917. The proposal was less sweeping than in 1916 â conscription would only occur in months in which voluntary enlistments fell
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of the
Australian Imperial Forces impressed upon Hughes that conscription was needed for Australia to continue impacting the war sufficiently. At this time, Hughes was the leader of the Labor Party. When he proposed the idea for conscription, two-thirds of his party disagreed with his views. Hughes,
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were also a huge pacifist movement often going through great deals to hold out for peace. Once again, they portrayed themselves as wives, sisters, sweethearts or mothers. Women often did less dangerous jobs that needed to be done for instance visiting and healing wounded soldiers. Often, they would
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The proposition was narrowly rejected, by a margin of 48.4% for and 51.6% against, reflecting a relatively small margin of 72,476 votes. Three states (Western
Australia, Tasmania and Victoria) and the Federal Territory voted "Yes" and three (South Australia, New South Wales and Queensland) voted
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One the primary roles of women in conscription was in the recruiting and campaigns. They would often be on posters or in the posts. They would be positioned during this time as vulnerable, perhaps with children, and be made out to be weak, and therefore in need of protection. One quote from one
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and won the May election, with Hughes pledging to resign if again defeated at the plebiscite in
December that year. The question was defeated by a yet greater margin this time, and Hughes honored his promise to resignâonly to be reinstated as prime minister by the Governor General.
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Are you in favour of the
Government having, in this grave emergency, the same compulsory powers over citizens in regard to requiring their military service, for the term of this War, outside the Commonwealth, as it now has in regard to military service within the
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The
Commonwealth Defence Act 1909 established that, from 1 January 1911, all males aged from 12 to 26 years of age would have to undergo compulsory military training for the defence of Australia. It did not require them to participate in any war overseas.
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to decide the issue. The campaign surrounding the plebiscite deeply divided the nation, and meetings organised by the pro- and anti-conscription camps were attended by large crowds. Hughes' stand led to his expulsion from the
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The result was a slightly more decisive rejection of conscription than the year before, with 46% for and 54% against, a margin of 166,588 votes. Only
Western Australia, Tasmania and the Federal Territory voted in favour.
244:, which had many prominent Australians were members. The result was that there were 1,087,557 votes in favour and 1,160,033 in opposition. The failed referendum led to Prime Minister Billy Hughes losing his seat in the
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Hughes was the Prime
Minister in seat for the latter half of World War I. In 1917, he visited the war front. Hughes was a strong supporter of establishing Australia as a strong and significant country and thought that
176:"No". Western Australia was by far the most pro-conscription polity, with 69.7% of voters voting "Yes". South Australia was the most anti-conscription state, with 57.6% voting "No".
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hosted a referendum on the 22 October 1916. His campaign for conscription was supported by the major newspaper companies and other media. It was also supported by most of the
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had visited the war front. On his return to
Australia, he declared his view that conscription was needed to supply the Australian forces with a sufficient number of soldiers.
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The referendums caused significant debate and division in
Australian society, and within the government. Hughes called the first referendum against the advice of his own
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experienced a shortage of men as the number of men volunteering to fight overseas declined and the casualty rate increased. At the time, military service within the
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to include military service outside the Commonwealth for the duration of the war. The referendum, held on 28 October 1916, narrowly rejected the proposal. A
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and its territories was compulsory for Australian men, but that requirement did not extend to conflict outside of Australia. In 1916, Prime Minister
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There was widespread opposition to this so-called "boy conscription", but the major conscription controversy began in 1916, after Prime Minister
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photos even recounts, 'Any rightâminded woman would rather be a mother or sister of a dead hero than of a living shirker.' Women during
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Are you in favour of the proposal of the Commonwealth government for reinforcing the Australian Imperial Force oversea ?
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was in that case mandatory. In between July and August 1916, there was a loss of 28,000 men, and Generals
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664:. The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918 (7th ed.). pp. 397â430
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at the end of 1916. This enabled him to briefly form a government with the support of the
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below 7,000, and conscripts would be selected by a ballot of men aged between 18 and 44.
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government, which led to the Labor Party splitting, with Hughes and others forming a new
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546:(2004 ed.). Random House Australia Pty Ltd. 2004. pp. 207â210, 213.
192:. By February 1917, the National Labor Party had merged with the conservative
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569:"Universal military training in Australia, 1911â29 â Fact sheet 160"
474:"Universal military training in Australia, 1911â29 â Fact sheet 160"
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The plebiscite, held on 28 October 1916, asked Australian voters:
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518:"Conscription referendums, 1916 and 1917 â Fact sheet 161"
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Recruitment to the British Army during the First World War
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The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
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opposition. Early in 1917, the two then merged into the
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Opposition to his proposal from within the governing
236:including the Liberal state premiers, by the major
496:"Conscription during the First World War, 1914â18"
184:The result of the vote led to the collapse of the
656:"Chapter XI â The Second Conscription Referendum"
159:during the campaign, and Labor's council for the
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629:"Chapter IX â The First Conscription Referendum"
520:. National Archives of Australia. Archived from
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1676:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
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282:, he stated that it was all "just an ordinary
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274:(4 March 1864 â 2 November 1963), Irish-born
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443:Compulsory military training in New Zealand
390:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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211:The plebiscite question was much simpler:
98:to determine public support for extending
410:Learn how and when to remove this message
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157:Labor Electoral League of New South Wales
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
1965:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
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313:Australia's participation in World War I
255:
29:This article includes a list of general
2342:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
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2295:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
1631:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
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679:"Socialist Opposition to World War I"
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180:Second conscription referendum (1917)
2699:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
661:Volume XI â Australia During the War
634:Volume XI â Australia During the War
388:adding citations to reliable sources
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135:First conscription referendum (1916)
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2628:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
1422:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
13:
1361:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
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35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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266:St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne
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1724:Second Battle of the Piave River
1346:Russian invasion of East Prussia
641:(7th ed.). pp. 320â362
567:National Archives of Australia.
476:. National Archives of Australia
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2795:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
1995:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
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84:First Australian Imperial Force
2618:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
2477:Deportations from East Prussia
2274:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
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334:Nationalist Party of Australia
276:Australian Catholic archbishop
198:Nationalist Party of Australia
1:
2529:Ukrainian Canadian internment
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126:Commonwealth Defence Act 1909
2684:SazonovâPalĂ©ologue Agreement
1983:Estonian War of Independence
1651:Southern Palestine offensive
687:. Dictionary of Sydney Trust
7:
2638:USA against Austria-Hungary
2037:Turkish War of Independence
1989:Latvian War of Independence
1714:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
1305:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
448:Conscription Crisis of 1917
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10:
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2721:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
2269:1899â1923 cholera pandemic
1729:Second Battle of the Marne
1616:Second battle of the Aisne
1485:Second Battle of Champagne
1326:German invasion of Belgium
234:Commonwealth Liberal Party
194:Commonwealth Liberal Party
78:During the second half of
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1774:Armistice of Villa Giusti
1759:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
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498:. Australian War Memorial
438:Conscription in Australia
88:Commonwealth of Australia
2858:Australia in World War I
2654:Constantinople Agreement
1947:ArmenianâAzerbaijani War
1810:Co-belligerent conflicts
1779:Second Romanian campaign
1749:Third Transjordan attack
1460:GorliceâTarnĂłw offensive
1366:Battle of Grand Couronné
677:Catie Gilchrist (2014).
242:Universal Service League
150:led Hughes to propose a
121:Conscription controversy
2717:Modus vivendi of Acroma
2669:BulgariaâGermany treaty
1977:Greater Poland Uprising
1877:National Protection War
1754:MeuseâArgonne offensive
1704:German spring offensive
1699:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1475:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
1450:Second Battle of Artois
1331:Battle of the Frontiers
607:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
594:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
186:Hughes Labor government
50:more precise citations.
2742:Paris Peace Conference
2730:UkraineâCentral Powers
2524:Massacres of Albanians
2492:Late Ottoman genocides
2299:Bulgarian occupations
2007:Third Anglo-Afghan War
1971:HungarianâRomanian War
1789:Naval Victory Bulletin
1784:Armistice with Germany
1734:Hundred Days Offensive
1661:Battle of La Malmaison
1611:Second battle of Arras
1578:Battle of Transylvania
1432:Second Battle of Ypres
1300:Sarajevo assassination
1189:South African Republic
654:Scott, Ernest (1941).
544:Australia Through Time
353:
341:Women and conscription
268:
246:Australian Labor Party
217:
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161:West Sydney electorate
2752:Treaty of St. Germain
2725:RussiaâCentral Powers
2679:SykesâPicot Agreement
2507:Pontic Greek genocide
2482:Destruction of Kalisz
2458:Eastern Mediterranean
2019:PolishâLithuanian War
1801:Armistice of Belgrade
1764:Armistice of Salonica
1694:Operation Faustschlag
1641:Third Battle of Oituz
1563:Baranovichi offensive
1531:Lake Naroch offensive
1505:Battle of Robat Karim
1480:VistulaâBug offensive
1455:Battles of the Isonzo
1386:First Battle of Ypres
348:
272:Daniel Patrick Mannix
259:
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202:1917 federal election
168:
2747:Treaty of Versailles
2463:Mount Lebanon famine
2378:in the United States
2346:Russian occupations
2060:TurkishâArmenian War
2001:PolishâUkrainian War
1941:UkrainianâSoviet War
1888:Central Asian Revolt
1671:Armistice of FocÈani
1401:Battle of Sarikamish
1351:Battle of Tannenberg
747:Military engagements
684:Dictionary of Sydney
384:improve this section
326:National Labor Party
190:National Labor Party
115:National Labor Party
2814:They shall not pass
2737:Treaty of Bucharest
2694:Treaty of Bucharest
2633:USA against Germany
2610:Declarations of war
2314:German occupations
2227:British casualties
2086:SovietâGeorgian War
2013:Egyptian Revolution
1953:Armeno-Georgian War
1817:Somaliland campaign
1769:Armistice of Mudros
1646:Battle of Caporetto
1636:Battle of MÄrÄÈeÈti
1606:Zimmermann telegram
1601:February Revolution
1546:Battle of the Somme
1470:Bug-Narew Offensive
1445:Battle of Gallipoli
1437:Sinking of the RMS
1229:Scramble for Africa
1223:Franco-Prussian War
879:Sinai and Palestine
238:Protestant churches
2774:Treaty of Lausanne
2689:Paris Economy Pact
2623:UK against Germany
2553:Entry into the war
2519:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
2238:Ottoman casualties
2048:Franco-Turkish War
1928:Post-War conflicts
1912:Russian Revolution
1894:Invasion of Darfur
1859:Kelantan rebellion
1847:Kurdish rebellions
1823:Mexican Revolution
1656:October Revolution
1621:Kerensky offensive
1596:Capture of Baghdad
1573:Monastir offensive
1558:Brusilov offensive
1396:Battle of Kolubara
1235:Russo-Japanese War
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2807:The Golden Virgin
2801:Mutilated victory
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2762:Treaty of Trianon
2757:Treaty of Neuilly
2664:Damascus Protocol
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2497:Armenian genocide
2454:Allied blockades
2426:Belgian refugees
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2119:Strategic bombing
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2094:
2080:Franco-Syrian War
2054:Greco-Turkish War
2042:Anglo-Turkish War
2025:PolishâSoviet War
1959:German Revolution
1935:Russian Civil War
1918:Finnish Civil War
1744:Battle of Megiddo
1719:Battle of Goychay
1666:Battle of Cambrai
1626:Battle of MÄrÄÈti
1541:Battle of Jutland
1521:Erzurum offensive
1376:Siege of PrzemyĆl
1356:Siege of Tsingtao
1341:Battle of Galicia
1271:Second Balkan War
1259:Italo-Turkish War
1216:Pre-War conflicts
1202:
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1092:Portuguese Empire
1008:
1007:
970:German New Guinea
952:Asian and Pacific
420:
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330:Deakinite Liberal
104:second plebiscite
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2767:Treaty of SĂšvres
2659:Treaty of London
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2328:Northeast France
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2126:Chemical weapons
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1865:Senussi campaign
1835:Muscat rebellion
1829:Maritz rebellion
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1739:Vardar offensive
1568:Battle of Romani
1536:Battle of Asiago
1526:Battle of Verdun
1490:Kosovo offensive
1265:First Balkan War
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1112:Russian Republic
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1381:Race to the Sea
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2585:Ottoman Empire
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2487:Sack of Dinant
2484:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2435:United Kingdom
2432:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2395:
2389:POW locations
2387:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2189:United Kingdom
2186:
2184:Ottoman Empire
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2161:
2160:
2158:Trench warfare
2155:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2110:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1871:Volta-Bani War
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1709:Zeebrugge Raid
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1500:Battle of Loos
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:Black Sea raid
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1293:Historiography
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1247:Bosnian Crisis
1244:
1241:Tangier Crisis
1238:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:Ottoman Empire
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1151:Central Powers
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1134:British Empire
1129:United Kingdom
1126:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1107:Russian Empire
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1025:Entente Powers
1018:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
995:
993:North Atlantic
984:
982:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
962:
956:
954:
948:
947:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
918:
916:
910:
909:
907:
906:
904:Central Arabia
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
870:
868:
866:Middle Eastern
862:
861:
859:
858:
853:
852:
851:
841:
836:
835:
834:
823:
821:
812:
808:
807:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
767:Historiography
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
735:
734:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
698:
697:
674:
651:
619:
616:
615:
614:
604:
588:
585:
582:
581:
559:
552:
535:
524:on 5 July 2016
509:
487:
464:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
451:
445:
440:
433:
430:
418:
417:
368:
366:
359:
351:The Blood Vote
342:
339:
307:
304:
300:Arthur Calwell
253:
250:
225:
224:Public opinion
222:
181:
178:
136:
133:
127:
124:
122:
119:
74:
73:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2870:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2600:United States
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2201:United States
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:Convoy system
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:Naval warfare
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:Kaocen revolt
1904:
1901:
1900:Easter Rising
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:Great Retreat
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Battle of Cer
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:Agadir Crisis
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1141:United States
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:French Empire
1056:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1011:
1001:
1000:Mediterranean
998:
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
981:
980:Naval warfare
977:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
953:
949:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
915:
911:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
867:
863:
857:
856:Italian Front
854:
850:
847:
846:
845:
844:Eastern Front
842:
840:
839:Western Front
837:
833:
830:
829:
828:
825:
824:
822:
820:
816:
813:
809:
803:
800:
798:
797:Puppet states
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
732:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
702:
686:
685:
680:
675:
663:
662:
657:
652:
640:
636:
635:
630:
626:
625:Scott, Ernest
622:
621:
612:
608:
605:
602:
601:
596:
595:
591:
590:
570:
563:
555:
553:0-75931-002-5
549:
545:
539:
523:
519:
513:
497:
491:
475:
469:
465:
455:
452:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
429:
426:
414:
411:
403:
393:
389:
385:
379:
378:
374:
369:This section
367:
363:
358:
357:
352:
347:
338:
335:
331:
327:
322:
318:
314:
303:
301:
297:
293:
292:Frank Brennan
289:
288:James Scullin
285:
281:
277:
273:
267:
263:
262:Daniel Mannix
258:
252:Daniel Mannix
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
216:
212:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
177:
172:
171:Commonwealth?
167:
164:
162:
158:
153:
149:
144:
142:
132:
118:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
70:
67:
59:
49:
45:
39:
38:
32:
27:
18:
17:
2812:
2805:
2793:
2400: /
2332:
2173:
2167:Conscription
2131:Cryptography
2068:Iraqi Revolt
1495:Siege of Kut
1438:
1016:participants
965:German Samoa
899:South Arabia
689:. Retrieved
682:
666:. Retrieved
660:
643:. Retrieved
633:
610:
606:
598:
592:
587:Bibliography
572:. Retrieved
562:
543:
538:
526:. Retrieved
522:the original
512:
500:. Retrieved
490:
478:. Retrieved
468:
421:
406:
397:
382:Please help
370:
350:
309:
306:Billy Hughes
298:and, later,
296:Joseph Lyons
270:
230:Billy Hughes
227:
218:
214:
210:
206:
196:to form the
183:
174:
169:
165:
145:
141:Billy Hughes
138:
129:
108:
100:conscription
92:Billy Hughes
77:
62:
53:
34:
2430:Netherlands
2407:Switzerland
2288:Occupations
2279:Spanish flu
2056:(1919â1922)
2050:(1918â1921)
2044:(1918â1923)
2033:(1919â1921)
2027:(1919â1921)
2021:(1919â1920)
1997:(1918â1920)
1991:(1918â1920)
1985:(1918â1920)
1967:(1918â1920)
1949:(1918â1920)
1943:(1917â1921)
1937:(1917â1921)
1884:(1916-1918)
1882:Arab Revolt
1873:(1915â1917)
1867:(1915â1917)
1855:(1914-1917)
1849:(1914â1917)
1843:(1914â1921)
1837:(1913â1920)
1825:(1910â1920)
1819:(1900â1920)
1792: [
1310:July Crisis
1231:(1880â1914)
894:Mesopotamia
772:Home fronts
731:World War I
425:World War I
280:World War I
148:Labor Party
80:World War I
48:introducing
2847:Categories
2647:Agreements
2447:War crimes
2323:Luxembourg
2216:Casualties
1087:Montenegro
922:South West
802:Technology
792:Propaganda
782:Opposition
691:16 October
611:Macropedia
600:Macropedia
460:References
260:Statue of
152:plebiscite
96:plebiscite
31:references
2544:Diplomacy
2251:Olympians
2174:Australia
2141:Logistics
2074:Vlora War
2003:(1918â19)
1979:(1918â19)
1973:(1918â19)
1961:(1918â19)
1908:(1916â17)
1890:(1916â17)
1841:Zaian War
1831:(1914â15)
1551:first day
1439:Lusitania
1267:(1912â13)
1261:(1911â12)
1249:(1908â09)
1243:(1905â06)
1225:(1870â71)
1014:Principal
874:Gallipoli
777:Memorials
762:Geography
752:Aftermath
668:30 August
645:30 August
613:Volume 12
603:Volume 21
450:in Canada
400:July 2020
371:does not
284:trade war
94:called a
2832:Category
2419:Refugees
2385:Italians
2374:Germans
2334:Ober Ost
2114:Aviation
1208:Timeline
1179:Bulgaria
960:Tsingtao
937:Togoland
884:Caucasus
819:European
811:Theatres
627:(1941).
432:See also
317:Birdwood
264:outside
240:and the
56:May 2010
2570:Germany
2470:Germany
2398:Germany
2318:Belgium
2303:Albania
2262:Disease
2242:Sports
2194:Ireland
2107:Warfare
2100:Aspects
1288:Origins
1281:Prelude
1184:Senussi
1164:Germany
1159:Leaders
1097:Romania
1038:Belgium
1033:Leaders
932:Kamerun
914:African
849:Romania
827:Balkans
742:Outline
574:28 June
528:16 June
502:12 June
480:16 June
392:removed
377:sources
44:improve
2590:Russia
2565:France
2393:Canada
2308:Serbia
2179:Canada
2136:Horses
2088:(1921)
2082:(1920)
2076:(1920)
2070:(1920)
2062:(1920)
2015:(1919)
2009:(1919)
1955:(1918)
1920:(1918)
1914:(1917)
1902:(1916)
1896:(1916)
1861:(1915)
1273:(1913)
1255:(1911)
1237:(1905)
1194:Darfur
1119:Serbia
1102:Russia
1065:Greece
1053:France
1043:Brazil
889:Persia
832:Serbia
550:
82:, the
33:, but
2787:Other
2580:Japan
2575:Italy
2402:camps
2246:Rugby
1796:]
1075:Japan
1070:Italy
1048:China
942:North
321:White
111:Labor
2367:POWs
1686:1918
1588:1917
1514:1916
1415:1915
1319:1914
1124:Siam
927:East
693:2015
670:2016
647:2016
576:2016
548:ISBN
530:2013
504:2013
482:2013
375:any
373:cite
319:and
386:by
2849::
1794:It
681:.
658:.
637:.
631:.
609:-
597:-
302:.
294:,
290:,
248:.
204:.
117:.
2218:/
723:e
716:t
709:v
695:.
672:.
649:.
578:.
556:.
532:.
506:.
484:.
413:)
407:(
402:)
398:(
394:.
380:.
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
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