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presiding. A constitution for the
Australian Liberal Union was adopted, where it was agreed that the organisation would be governed by an annual conference. The constitution provided that the union would regularly confer with the federal parliamentary party, and that its work would be confined to
1452:
The
Australian Liberal Union was established in November 1911, following a conference in Melbourne attended by representatives of liberal organisations in each state. The conference resolved that the state-based organisations should co-operate more closely during federal election campaigns. The
687:
Unlike the ALP, the
Liberal Party did not have a single external organisation supporting the parliamentary party and had only loose links with equivalent parties at state level. Deakin attempted to form a national organisation under the name "Commonwealth Liberal Party", but it failed to spread
1497:
In
Victoria, Deakin formed an organisation to support the parliamentary Liberals under the name Commonwealth Liberal Party (CLP). It was formed at a meeting in Melbourne on 5 April 1909, with the aim "to organise the Liberal voters, both men and women, throughout Australia". It was officially
636:
alliance of liberals and conservatives, rebranding his party accordingly, and his views were eventually adopted by his
Protectionist counterpart Deakin. Objections towards Reid saw Deakin take the lead in coordinating the merger. The Fusion was controversial, with some of his
867:
and won government by a single seat. However, only a year later, Cook deliberately introduced a bill abolishing preferential treatment for public-service union members. Cook knew the Labor-controlled Senate would vote the bill down, giving him an excuse to call a
1461:
federal politics. The state organisations would remain in charge of state politics, but would select federal candidates. The conference also debated a fighting platform for the next federal election, which was not issued until 13 June. It comprised 20 planks.
1464:
A third conference was held in
Melbourne in August 1913, postponed and moved from Sydney due to a smallpox outbreak. The inaugural address at the conference was given by the incumbent prime minister and parliamentary Liberal leader Joseph Cook.
1469:
was elected president of the organisation. An updated platform was issued in
October. Another meeting was held in March 1914, and in October 1915 Joseph Cook stated that a meeting of the executive was planned to be held.
2834:
841:
agreed to merge into a single party, based on a shared anti-Labor platform. Deakin was the new party's first leader, with Cook as deputy leader. The merger didn't sit well with several of the more
692:. In each state various similar bodies were created to endorse candidates and provide campaign financing, while the party also enjoyed the support of pre-existing organisations like the
801:
3228:
3180:
1537:
The New South Wales
Federal Liberal League was established in July 1909 to help elect Liberal candidates to federal parliament. It was established by delegates from the
3185:
2022:
That night at a packed
Melbourne Town Hall, Deakin launched the Commonwealth Liberal Party, which was designed to give Deakin's Liberals their own organisational base.
899:. Although the merged party was dominated by former Liberals, Hughes became its leader with Cook as his deputy. Hughes would stay on as prime minister until the
934:, "the common reference to the Federal Liberal Party as the 'Commonwealth Liberal Party' is not correct, as this name was given only to Deakin's state party".
3221:
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1509:, the CLP did not spread beyond Victoria and "in fact scarcely beyond Deakin and his family, who provided most of its office bearers". His son-in-law
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3244:
3190:
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856:. As a result, the newly merged party used its numbers to force Fisher to hand power to Deakin. However, the Liberals were defeated by Labor at the
837:, leader of the Anti-Socialists, joined forces in order to counter Labor's growing popularity. In 1909, the two parties at a meeting in Melbourne's
3283:
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Organisations supporting the federal parliamentary
Liberals in other states included the People's Progressive League in Queensland, the
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17:
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1529:, which was financed and edited by Herbert Brookes. Deakin wrote anonymous articles for the publication, which was short-lived.
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was founder and secretary of the CLP women's section, intended to form a liberal counterpart to the more conservative
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907:(later The Nationals) stripped the Nationalists of their majority, and demanded his resignation in exchange for
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1541:, the People's Reform League, the Liberal and Progressive League, and the three equivalent women's branches.
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opposition. The party merger was voted with few in attendance being opposed to it. The most prominent being
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to the Anti-Socialist Party. Reid envisaged a spectrum running from socialist to anti-socialist, with the
746:
adopted a strategy of trying to reorient the party system along Labour vs non-Labour lines – prior to the
4257:
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was Deakin's "right-hand man", serving as party treasurer and chief fundraiser, while Deakin's daughter
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election, the first time one would be called. When the Senate rejected the bill twice, Cook called the
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The Liberal Party was founded between three conferences on 25–27 May 1909. The party was a merger, or
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2097:
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1521:. In 1911, the CLP renamed itself the People's Liberal Party, as part of an abortive merger with the
860:, which saw Labor with an elected majority in both houses, the first federal occurrence for a party.
503:
202:
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38:
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Between them, the Protectionists and Anti-Socialists held a majority of seats on the floor of the
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786:. These parties, although sharing different ideologies and policies, merged to form a single non-
652:
to the ALP in a landslide and had little electoral success thereafter, winning a majority in the
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303:
190:
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4134:
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270:
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3839:
3536:
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3313:
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2723:
1292:
892:
876:. The Liberal Party was again defeated with Labor again winning a majority in both houses.
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689:
673:
641:
supporters regarding it as a betrayal and choosing to sit as independents or join the ALP.
590:
443:
389:
8:
4059:
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3034:
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1986:
1966:
1946:
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1806:
1525:, a rural liberal organisation. In July 1911, the PLP launched a monthly magazine, the
869:
759:
605:
449:
363:
338:
2194:
2189:
2092:
2072:
1783:
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The Liberal Party was formed in response to Labor forming its second government under
696:. The "Liberal" identity was retained by some state parties after 1917 and revived by
648:
and allowed Deakin to return for a third term as prime minister. However, it lost the
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in the middle. This attempt struck a chord with politicians who were steeped in the
3386:
3273:
3039:
2960:
2738:
2403:
2390:
2373:
1608:
783:
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751:
676:. The two parties formally merged under Hughes' leadership a few months before the
601:
563:
437:
358:
157:
1366:
581:
in Australian federal politics between 1909 and 1917. The party was founded under
4305:
4262:
3959:
3779:
3606:
3361:
2783:
2632:
2527:
2502:
2442:
2335:
1691:
Australian Liberals and the Moral Middle Class: From Alfred Deakin to John Howard
1622:
1510:
1453:
council of the new body was to consist of three representatives from each state.
895:. In February 1917, the Liberals and National Labor formally merged to form the
732:
617:
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2543:
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2410:
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2353:
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2314:
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A second interstate conference was held in Melbourne in May 1912, with Senator
806:
633:
343:
829:
in 1908. Under considerable pressure from middle- and upper-class interests,
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368:
333:
66:
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313:
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2200:
1557:
ballots and endorsing candidates for federal parliament later in the year.
1554:
1506:
1425:
884:
879:
The Liberals remained in opposition until November 1916, when it reached a
818:
791:
669:
198:
100:
2227:
A Democratic Nation: Identity, Freedom and Equality in Australia 1901-1925
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95:
72:
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353:
186:
684:
becoming the new primary opponent of the ALP in the two-party system.
2970:
546:
328:
3616:
1498:
launched by Deakin with himself as president on 25 May 1909 at the
919:
2303:
1971:
1951:
1931:
1911:
1891:
1871:
1851:
1831:
1811:
1214:
1074:
2251:
1553:
was given the title of "leader". The league began conducting
863:
Cook took over the leadership from Deakin shortly before the
700:
in the 1920s, eventually being re-adopted by the modern
2031:
2029:
918:
The Liberal Party of 1909 is often referred to by the
668:
led the Liberals into an alliance with Prime Minister
930:, which was officially founded in 1945. According to
2053:
2041:
2026:
2011:
1598:
1487:
Badge used by the People's Liberal Party in Victoria
724:, Prime Minister of Australia 1903–1904, 1905–1908 (
600:
The creation of the party marked the emergence of a
2105:
2190:Australian Dictionary of Biography – Alfred Deakin
1764:
1661:Includes results of candidates running under the "
4323:
2195:Australian Dictionary of Biography – Joseph Cook
1801:
1799:
887:, who had recently been expelled from Labor for
845:Protectionists, who defected to Labor or sat as
1591:, and the Liberal League of Western Australia.
1545:was chosen as the organisation's president and
644:The new party formed Australia's first federal
30:For the modern Liberal Party of Australia, see
2292:
3222:
2278:
1796:
620:, with the Protectionists, Free Traders, and
217:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1709:"Federal Fusion. Conference Between Leaders"
1579:Western Australian Liberal Party (1911–1917)
926:" in order to distinguish it from the later
1447:
4085:Pensioner and Citizen Initiated Referendum
3229:
3215:
2905:Northern Territory (Country Liberal Party)
2285:
2271:
2171:Learn how and when to remove this message
1737:
4347:Political parties disestablished in 1917
2134:This article includes a list of general
1727:"Federal Fusion. Negotiations Concluded"
1684:
1682:
1482:
1089:
949:
833:, the leader of the Protectionists, and
800:
731:
716:
3765:Australians Against Further Immigration
2946:Australian Liberal Students' Federation
739:, Prime Minister of Australia 1913–1914
14:
4337:Defunct political parties in Australia
4324:
3245:Defunct political parties in Australia
1636:List of political parties in Australia
889:supporting conscription in World War I
809:depicting the Fusion as a camel, with
224:
4342:Political parties established in 1909
4130:Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration
3210:
2266:
2199:
2093:"Federal election: the Liberal Party"
2059:
2047:
2035:
2017:
1688:
1679:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
3900:Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy
2221:
2120:
2111:
1770:
1442:
942:
937:
915:subsequently became prime minister.
4357:1917 disestablishments in Australia
2910:Queensland (Liberal National Party)
2229:(ebook ed.). Miegunyah Press.
891:and organised his followers as the
27:Former political party in Australia
24:
3865:Democratic Association of Victoria
2140:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1648:
1532:
1519:Australian Women's National League
694:Australian Women's National League
25:
4368:
4332:Defunct liberal political parties
3357:Abolish Self Government Coalition
2244:
1505:According to Deakin's biographer
585:'s leadership as a merger of the
37:For the modern Fusion Party, see
4352:1909 establishments in Australia
4218:Taxi Operators Political Service
3352:A Better Future For Our Children
3259:Country and Progressive National
3238:
3075:Citizens' Municipal Organisation
2250:
2125:
1615:
1601:
1567:Liberal Party (Queensland, 1908)
1365:
1285:
1232:
1213:
1179:
1145:
1073:
1039:
1005:
557:
545:
312:
3880:Drew Pavlou Democratic Alliance
3392:Australian Progressive Alliance
3382:Australian Motoring Enthusiasts
3345:in federal or state parliaments
2085:
2065:
1993:
1979:
1959:
1939:
1919:
1899:
1879:
1859:
1839:
1587:in South Australia (1910), the
1571:Liberal Union (South Australia)
1560:
1473:
3685:Aged and Disability Pensioners
3661:Parties without representation
1819:
1776:
1719:
1701:
1539:Liberal and Reform Association
1146:
883:agreement with Prime Minister
798:was voted leader unanimously.
486:Centre for Independent Studies
13:
1:
4120:Progressive Nationalist Party
3950:Imperial British Conservative
3850:Defence of Government Schools
3417:Country-National Organisation
1967:"Preparing for the elections"
1754:"Fusion Fixed. A United Body"
1672:
1493:Liberals (Victoria, pre-1909)
769:
712:
4065:One Parliament for Australia
3562:Northern Territory Nationals
3294:Liberal and Democratic Union
2895:Australian Capital Territory
1304:3 years, 238 days
664:in 1916, Deakin's successor
58:
7:
4150:Restore the Workers' Rights
2939:Party-related organisations
1594:
1478:
1384:4 years, 33 days
662:ALP split over conscription
656:only once and never in the
10:
4373:
4080:Pauline's United Australia
3985:Lower Excise Fuel and Beer
3970:Liberal Democratic (1940s)
3725:Aus. Fishing and Lifestyle
3472:Industrial Socialist Labor
3372:Australian Family Movement
3289:Liberal and Country League
2295:Liberal Party of Australia
2257:Commonwealth Liberal Party
2183:
1927:"Liberal Union conference"
1907:"Liberal Union conference"
1887:"Australian Liberal Union"
1827:"Constitution and council"
1695:Cambridge University Press
1564:
1490:
928:Liberal Party of Australia
905:Country Party of Australia
707:
702:Liberal Party of Australia
624:(ALP) forming a series of
36:
32:Liberal Party of Australia
29:
18:Commonwealth Liberal Party
4311:List of political parties
4291:
4248:Victorian Socialist Party
4125:Protestant People's Party
3660:
3343:Other parties represented
3342:
3251:
3083:
3027:
2984:
2938:
2883:
2812:
2676:
2620:
2516:
2425:
2302:
2098:The Sydney Morning Herald
2078:The Sydney Morning Herald
1789:The Sydney Morning Herald
1758:The Sydney Morning Herald
1731:The Sydney Morning Herald
1713:The Sydney Morning Herald
1424:
1422:
1408:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1340:
1320:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1275:
1272:
1264:
1227:
612:in 1901. The first three
604:, replacing the unstable
504:Conservatism in Australia
266:
223:
213:
176:
166:
145:
127:
109:
82:
57:
48:
4283:Young Australia National
4110:Progressive Conservative
3825:Conservative Nationalist
3790:Climate Change Coalition
3690:All for Australia League
3642:Victorian Farmers' Union
3582:Progressive Labor (Vic.)
3577:Progressive (NSW, 1920s)
3367:Australian Conservatives
3324:Progressive (NSW, 1900s)
1867:"Federal Liberal policy"
1641:
1589:Tasmanian Liberal League
1575:Tasmanian Liberal League
1448:Australian Liberal Union
1436:
1386:
1306:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
975:
969:
966:
963:
960:
955:House of Representatives
854:House of Representatives
654:House of Representatives
294:This article is part of
39:Fusion Party (Australia)
4205:Sun Ripened Warm Tomato
4070:Online Direct Democracy
3845:Defence and Ex-Services
3740:Aus. National Socialist
3602:Reform the Legal System
3597:Redistribution Liberals
3462:Independent Labor Group
2976:Menzies Research Centre
2205:The Enigmatic Mr Deakin
2155:more precise citations.
1947:"Federal Liberal Party"
1631:Liberalism in Australia
1091:Parliament of Australia
951:Parliament of Australia
924:Deakinite Liberal Party
766:as very much the norm.
481:Menzies Research Centre
426:Women's National League
305:Liberalism in Australia
133:; 107 years ago
115:; 115 years ago
4055:One Australia Movement
3955:Independent Democratic
3920:Freedom and Prosperity
3795:Combined New Australia
3735:Aus. National Alliance
3670:21st Century Australia
3552:North Queensland Labor
3527:New Conservative Group
3452:Hare-Clark Independent
3437:Executive Country (WA)
3397:Blackburn-Mutton Labor
3070:United Australia Party
1987:"The Liberal campaign"
1847:"Liberal organisation"
1689:Brett, Judith (2003).
1488:
1119:Status in legislature
979:Status in legislature
822:
740:
729:
728:), 1909–1910 (Liberal)
698:Nationalist breakaways
622:Australian Labor Party
509:Liberal Party factions
4301:Politics of Australia
4238:United Tasmania Group
4228:United Australia (SA)
4180:Services and Citizens
4025:National Humanitarian
3875:Douglas Social Credit
3720:Aus. Defence Veterans
3477:Labor (Non-Communist)
3427:Conservative National
3407:City Country Alliance
1784:"Great liberal union"
1565:Further information:
1486:
909:confidence and supply
881:confidence and supply
804:
760:Westminster tradition
735:
720:
680:, with the resulting
678:1917 federal election
552:Liberalism portal
532:Politics of Australia
271:Politics of Australia
4273:Women's Party (2020)
4268:Women's Party (1995)
4253:Voluntary Euthanasia
4214:Tasmania Senate Team
4075:Party! Party! Party!
3940:Henry George Justice
3895:Engineered Australia
3870:Democratic Socialist
3710:Aus. Better Families
3537:New Liberal Movement
3507:Liberals for Forests
3304:Liberal Reform (NSW)
3050:National Labor Party
3045:Fusion Liberal Party
2259:at Wikimedia Commons
1381:15–22 February 1917
1047:Majority government
893:National Labor Party
784:Anti-Socialist Party
674:National Labor Party
628:. Free Trade leader
626:minority governments
593:, an event known as
591:Anti-Socialist Party
564:Australia portal
444:New Liberal Movement
214:National affiliation
4060:One Australia Party
3805:Commonwealth Centre
3705:Aus. Antipaedophile
3567:Nuclear Disarmament
3422:Country Progressive
3284:Liberal (WA, 1910s)
3269:Emergency Committee
3084:Leadership contests
3035:Protectionist Party
3002:Independent Liberal
2207:. Text Publishing.
2101:. 24 November 1909.
1792:. 29 November 1911.
1663:Independent Liberal
1500:Melbourne Town Hall
780:Protectionist Party
756:Protectionist Party
726:Protectionist Party
646:majority government
587:Protectionist Party
579:parliamentary party
462:Protectionist Party
4115:Progressive Labour
4035:Nationalist (1958)
4030:National Socialist
3965:Indigenous Peoples
3815:Confederate Action
3810:Communist Alliance
3700:Aus. First Nations
3680:Affordable Housing
3663:in any parliaments
3652:Western Australian
3542:No Self Government
3467:Independents Group
3447:Glenn Lazarus Team
3432:Democratic (1920s)
3377:Australian Liberal
3299:Liberal Federation
3264:Democratic (1940s)
2956:Cormack Foundation
2577:Ashley Goldsworthy
2488:Michael Wooldridge
2001:"Federal Politics"
1989:. 29 October 1915.
1549:as its secretary.
1489:
870:double dissolution
823:
741:
730:
606:multi-party system
450:Liberal Federation
4319:
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4243:Uniting Australia
4190:Social Democratic
4165:Save the ADI Site
4155:Rise Up Australia
4045:No Aircraft Noise
3995:Marriage Equality
3925:Great Australians
3905:Family Law Reform
3755:Australian Sports
3730:Aus. Independents
3715:Aus. Commonwealth
3675:Advance Australia
3647:Victorian Liberal
3517:National Alliance
3457:Illawarra Workers
3204:
3203:
3055:Nationalist Party
2930:Western Australia
2255:Media related to
2181:
2180:
2173:
1955:. 4 October 1913.
1935:. 30 August 1913.
1915:. 29 August 1913.
1895:. 27 August 1913.
1547:Archdale Parkhill
1443:Associated bodies
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608:that arose after
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16:(Redirected from
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3592:Queensland Labor
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3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:CountryMinded
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:Aus. People's
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:Centre (Tas.)
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Protectionist
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:Liberal Union
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:Major parties
3250:
3246:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Liberal Union
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Chris McDiven
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Richard Casey
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Phillip Lynch
2456:
2454:
2453:Billy Snedden
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Eric Harrison
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:Billy Snedden
2340:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2236:9780522873474
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2214:9781925498660
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:Brett, Judith
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2172:
2164:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2113:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1599:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1585:Liberal Union
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1458:Joseph Vardon
1454:
1435:
1427:
1421:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1374:
1368:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1311:
1308:
1294:
1288:
1278:
1277:Alfred Deakin
1271:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:(birth–death)
1242:
1239:
1238:
1233:Party leaders
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
994:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
978:
972:
959:
956:
952:
948:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:
914:
913:Stanley Bruce
910:
906:
902:
901:1922 election
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
875:
874:1914 election
871:
866:
865:1913 election
861:
859:
858:1910 election
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:Alfred Deakin
828:
827:Andrew Fisher
820:
816:
812:
811:Alfred Deakin
808:
803:
799:
797:
796:Alfred Deakin
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:1906 election
745:
738:
734:
727:
723:
722:Alfred Deakin
719:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:1910 election
647:
642:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:Alfred Deakin
580:
576:
575:Liberal Party
565:
555:
553:
548:
543:
542:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
527:Neoliberalism
525:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
495:
494:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
472:
471:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
414:
413:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
378:
377:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
320:
319:
315:
311:
310:
307:
302:
301:
297:
293:
292:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
265:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
228:
226:
222:
219:
218:Liberal Union
216:
212:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:
181:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
159:
156:
154:
153:Protectionist
151:
150:
148:
144:
138:February 1917
131:February 1917
130:
126:
112:
108:
102:
99:
97:
94:
91:
89:Alfred Deakin
88:
87:
85:
81:
74:
71:
68:
67:Alfred Deakin
65:
64:
62:
60:
56:
51:Liberal Party
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4095:People Power
4010:Middle Class
3835:Curtin Labor
3820:Conservative
3800:Commonwealth
3785:Centre (NSW)
3775:Bullet Train
3760:Aus. Workers
3442:Family First
3278:
3044:
3012:Ginger Group
2997:Centre Right
2607:Nick Greiner
2572:John Elliott
2562:A. J. Forbes
2498:Julie Bishop
2417:Peter Dutton
2409:
2402:
2395:
2378:
2346:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2226:
2204:
2167:
2158:
2139:
2107:
2096:
2087:
2076:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2021:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1981:
1970:
1961:
1950:
1941:
1930:
1921:
1910:
1901:
1890:
1881:
1870:
1861:
1850:
1841:
1830:
1821:
1810:
1787:
1778:
1766:
1757:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1690:
1582:
1561:Other states
1555:preselection
1536:
1526:
1507:Judith Brett
1504:
1496:
1474:State bodies
1467:David Gordon
1463:
1455:
1451:
1394:
1393:
1324:
1323:
1298:27 May 1909
1259:Left office
1256:Took office
923:
917:
885:Billy Hughes
878:
862:
851:
847:independents
824:
819:John Forrest
792:William Lyne
775:
773:
742:
686:
670:Billy Hughes
643:
599:
594:
574:
572:
515:Centre Right
431:
199:Conservatism
101:John Forrest
43:
4278:Yellow Vest
4195:State Labor
4040:Natural Law
3980:Libertarian
3532:New Country
3319:Nationalist
3018:Lyons Forum
2621:Governments
2587:Shane Stone
2582:Tony Staley
2567:John Valder
2557:John Atwill
2548:J. E. Pagan
2483:Peter Reith
2478:Fred Chaney
2463:John Howard
2448:John Gorton
2438:Harold Holt
2397:Tony Abbott
2380:John Howard
2369:John Hewson
2359:John Howard
2329:John Gorton
2322:Harold Holt
2223:Kemp, David
2153:introducing
1551:Joseph Cook
1515:Ivy Brookes
1430:(1915–1923)
1416:(1914–1915)
1402:(1913–1914)
1361:(1860–1947)
1357:Joseph Cook
1346:(1910–1913)
1332:(1909–1910)
1314:(1908–1909)
1281:(1856–1919)
1253:Electorate
1221:Opposition
1187:Opposition
1153:Opposition
1081:Opposition
1013:Opposition
835:Joseph Cook
815:Joseph Cook
805:Cartoon by
744:George Reid
737:Joseph Cook
666:Joseph Cook
630:George Reid
475:Think tanks
339:Higinbotham
171:Nationalist
96:George Reid
92:Joseph Cook
75:(1913–1916)
73:Joseph Cook
69:(1909–1913)
4326:Categories
4160:Republican
3930:Grey Power
3860:Democratic
3622:Single Tax
3482:Lang Labor
3274:Free Trade
3186:2015 (Sep)
3181:2015 (Feb)
2840:Peacock II
2799:Morrison 1
2789:Turnbull 1
2677:Ministries
2612:John Olsen
2540:Lyle Moore
2519:Presidents
2508:Sussan Ley
2468:Neil Brown
2161:April 2015
2136:references
2060:Brett 2017
2048:Brett 2017
2036:Brett 2017
2018:Brett 2017
1673:References
1491:See also:
1373:Parramatta
1197:5,612,284
1163:2,840,420
1129:1,830,353
932:David Kemp
770:Foundation
713:Background
610:Federation
595:the Fusion
438:Free Trade
203:Australian
191:Australian
187:Liberalism
4263:WikiLeaks
3990:Marijuana
3890:Earthsave
3412:Communist
3020:(defunct)
3014:(defunct)
2992:Moderates
2971:Young LNP
2951:Coalition
2855:Howard II
2830:Peacock I
2684:Menzies 4
2112:Kemp 2019
1771:Kemp 2019
1293:Ballaarat
1250:Portrait
1101:Election
961:Election
778:, of the
616:produced
520:Moderates
419:(defunct)
390:Democrats
281:Elections
128:Dissolved
4223:Together
4200:Stop CSG
4175:Services
3617:SA First
3572:Progress
2985:Factions
2925:Victoria
2920:Tasmania
2865:Turnbull
2835:Howard I
2764:Howard 1
2744:Fraser 1
2729:Gorton 1
2668:Morrison
2663:Turnbull
2225:(2019).
2203:(2017).
1665:" label.
1595:See also
1479:Victoria
1057:796,397
1023:930,076
989:602,192
920:retronym
821:as humps
690:Victoria
417:Parties
383:(active)
381:Parties
359:Turnbull
296:a series
178:Ideology
120:May 1909
83:Founders
3915:Fishing
3910:Federal
3028:History
2820:Snedden
2739:McMahon
2643:McMahon
2628:Menzies
2305:Leaders
2184:Sources
2149:improve
2005:The Age
1972:The Age
1952:The Age
1932:The Age
1912:The Age
1892:The Age
1872:The Age
1852:The Age
1832:The Age
1812:The Age
1527:Liberal
1295:, Vic.
1068:32 / 75
1034:38 / 75
1000:31 / 75
843:liberal
708:History
688:beyond
639:radical
432:Liberal
400:Liberal
344:Menzies
136: (
118: (
110:Founded
4140:Reform
4105:Pirate
4050:No GST
4015:Mutual
2875:Dutton
2870:Abbott
2860:Nelson
2850:Downer
2845:Hewson
2825:Fraser
2784:Abbott
2719:Holt 1
2658:Abbott
2653:Howard
2648:Fraser
2638:Gorton
2233:
2211:
2138:, but
1577:; and
1426:Hughes
1412:Fisher
1375:, NSW
1342:Fisher
1326:Deakin
1310:Fisher
1267:(term)
1243:Leader
1228:Leader
1208:5 / 36
1200:47.9%
1174:7 / 36
1166:49.4%
1140:0 / 36
1132:45.6%
1113:Seats
1104:Votes
1095:Senate
1060:47.2%
1026:48.9%
992:45.5%
973:Seats
964:Votes
776:Fusion
672:' new
658:Senate
577:was a
464:(1887)
458:(1973)
452:(1923)
446:(1976)
440:(1887)
434:(1909)
428:(1904)
334:Deakin
323:People
59:Leader
3637:Unity
1642:Notes
1262:Term
788:Labor
349:Smith
329:Chipp
3945:Hope
3695:Arts
3196:2022
3191:2018
3176:2009
3171:2008
3166:2007
3161:1995
3156:1994
3151:1993
3146:1990
3141:1989
3136:1987
3131:1985
3126:1983
3121:1982
3116:1975
3111:1972
3106:1971
3101:1969
3096:1968
3091:1966
2633:Holt
2231:ISBN
2209:ISBN
1396:Cook
1240:No.
1203:2nd
1193:1914
1169:1st
1159:1913
1135:2nd
1125:1910
1116:+/–
1063:2nd
1053:1914
1029:1st
1019:1913
995:2nd
985:1910
976:+/–
817:and
782:and
589:and
573:The
369:Wise
364:West
354:Syme
1010:31
253:Vic
248:Tas
238:Qld
233:NSW
4328::
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1573:;
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1502:.
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511::
298:on
258:WA
243:SA
3230:e
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2774:3
2769:2
2759:4
2754:3
2749:2
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