World's Columbian Exposition

728: 1544: 1999: 1343: 3373: 1577: 1956: 2251: 710: 1768: 1085: 52: 2033: 1692: 439: 2209:. After the Fair committee went over both proposals, Edison General Electric re-bid their costs at $ 554,000 but Westinghouse underbid them by 70 cents per lamp to get the contract. Westinghouse could not use the Edison incandescent lamp since the patent belonged to General Electric and they had successfully sued to stop use of all patent infringing designs. Since Edison specified a sealed globe of glass in his design Westinghouse found a way to sidestep the Edison patent by quickly developing a lamp with a ground-glass stopper in one end, based on a Sawyer-Man "stopper" lamp patent they already had. The lamps worked well but were short-lived, requiring a small army of workmen to constantly replace them. 3318: 890: 2367: 2560: 2174: 1983: 2952:. The structure's floor space was 130 by 255 feet and its height reached almost 200 feet. On the evening of July 10, 1893, the "Greatest Refrigerator on Earth" caught fire. Two firemen entered, one sliding down a rope and another on a line of hose, and both were trapped in the burning refrigerator. A total of fifteen people died, twelve firefighters and three civilians, in front of a crowd of more than a thousand fairgoers. The only artifact that survived the fire was a twelve-foot copper statue of Christopher Columbus, which was kept as a monument to the men who lost their lives and is kept by the 1920: 1896: 1739: 1908: 1166: 6574: 4391: 4357: 4323: 1932: 2020:, she writes, "The White City, with its vision of future perfection and of the advanced racial power of manly commerce and technology, constructed civilization as an ideal of white male power." According to Bederman, people of color were barred entirely from participating in the organization of the White City and were instead given access only to the Midway exhibit, "which specialized in spectacles of barbarous races – 'authentic' villages of Samoans, Egyptians, Dahomans, Turks, and other exotic peoples, populated by actual imported 'natives.'" 882: 1414: 638: 1944: 2892: 1467: 3135: 1789: 1585: 3338: 428: 9278: 3771: 540:

around the city where there was "not a house to buy and not a rock to blast" and that it would be located so that "the artisan and the farmer and the shopkeeper and the man of humble means" would be able to easily access the fair. Bryan continued to say that the fair was of "vital interest" to the West, and that the West wanted the location to be Chicago. The city spokesmen would continue to stress the essentials of a successful exposition and that only Chicago was fit to fill these exposition requirements.

2970: 9564: 9554: 777: 1971: 2150: 458: 874: 3785: 3355: 1727:'s Wild West Show proved a serious financial mistake. Buffalo Bill set up his highly popular show next door to the fair and brought in a great deal of revenue that he did not have to share with the developers. Nonetheless, construction and operation of the fair proved to be a windfall for Chicago workers during the serious economic recession that was sweeping the country. 6667:"In a funeral pyre … imprisoned by flames," read the headline of a front-page story of the Chicago Daily Tribune on July 11, 1893. A day earlier, 16 people, including 12 firefighters, had died in a blaze at one of the buildings in Jackson Park during the World's Columbian Exposition. It was the fair's first tragedy, and it was witnessed by thousands of fairgoers. 1560:

identifiable by their classical architecture, plan symmetry, picturesque views, and axial plans, as well as their magnificent scale. Where the municipal art movement focused on beautifying one feature in a city, the City Beautiful movement began to make improvements on the scale of the district. The White City of the World's Columbian Exposition inspired the

5530: 1513:, who had been using this method to apply whitewash to the subbasement walls of the store, got the job to paint the Exposition buildings. Claims this was the first use of spray painting may be apocryphal since journals from that time note this form of painting had already been in use in the railroad industry from the early 1880s. 2290:, and rotary direct current converters (including an operational railway motor). The working scaled system allowed the public a view of a system of polyphase power which could be transmitted over long distances, and be utilized, including the supply of direct current. Meters and other auxiliary devices were also present. 5734: 2326:, being held at the fair's Agriculture Hall, and put on a series of demonstrations of his wireless lighting system in a specially set up darkened room at the Westinghouse exhibit. These included demonstrations he had previously performed throughout America and Europe including using a nearby coil to light a wireless 1723:, which proved to be a major attendance draw and helped save the fair from bankruptcy, was not finished until June, because of waffling by the board of directors the previous year on whether to build it. Frequent debates and disagreements among the developers of the fair added many delays. The spurning of 3411:, purchased several pieces of art that had hung in the rotunda of the U.S. Government Building. He also purchased architectural elements, artifacts and buildings from the fair. He shipped his purchases to Wamego. Many of the items, including the artwork, were used to decorate his theater, now known as 1143:

There was an Anthropology Building at the World's Fair. Nearby, "The Cliff Dwellers" featured a rock and timber structure that was painted to recreate Battle Rock Mountain in Colorado, a stylized recreation of an American Indian cliff dwelling with pottery, weapons, and other relics on display. There

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co-authored a pamphlet entitled "The Reason Why the Colored American is not in the World's Columbian Exposition – The Afro-American's Contribution to Columbian Literature" addressing the issue. Wells and Douglass argued, "when it is asked why we are excluded from the World's Columbian Exposition, the

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Memorabilia saved by visitors can still be purchased. Numerous books, tokens, published photographs, and well-printed admission tickets can be found. While the higher value commemorative stamps are expensive, the lower ones are quite common. So too are the commemorative half dollars, many of which

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Since many of the other buildings at the fair were intended to be temporary, they were removed after the fair. The White City so impressed visitors (at least before air pollution began to darken the façades) that plans were considered to refinish the exteriors in marble or some other material. These

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Dedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21, 1892, but the fairgrounds were not opened to the public until May 1, 1893. The fair continued until October 30, 1893. In addition to recognizing the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World, the fair served to show the world that

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was featured during the opening of the Nebraska Day ceremonies at the fair, which included a reading of her poem "Nebraska". Among the state buildings present at the fair were California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas; each was meant to

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Westinghouse Electric had severely underbid the contract and struggled to supply all the equipment specified, including twelve 1,000-horsepower single-phase AC generators and all the lighting and other equipment required. They also had to fend off a last-minute lawsuit by General Electric claiming

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The location of the fair was decided through several rounds of voting by the United States House of Representatives. The first ballot showed Chicago with a large lead over New York, St. Louis and Washington, D.C., but short of a majority. Chicago broke the 154-vote majority threshold on the eighth

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argued that the most important qualities for a world's fair were "abundant supplies of good air and pure water", "ample space, accommodations and transportation for all exhibits and visitors". He argued that New York had too many obstructions, and Chicago would be able to use large amounts of land

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On October 9, 1893, the day designated as Chicago Day, the fair set a world record for outdoor event attendance, drawing 751,026 people. The debt for the fair was soon paid off with a check for $ 1.5 million (equivalent to $ 50.9 million in 2023). Chicago has commemorated the fair with one of

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The University of Illinois Military Band conducted by student leaders Charles Elder and Richard Sharpe played concerts twice daily in the Illinois Building 9 June to 24 June 1893. Soloists were William Sandford, euphonium; Charles Elder, clarinet; William Steele, cornet. The band members slept on

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drew crowds, but was a financial failure. Nonetheless, ideas about distinguishing the 400th anniversary of Columbus' landing started in the late 1880s. Civic leaders in St. Louis, New York City, Washington DC, and Chicago expressed interest in hosting a fair to generate profits, boost real estate

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Two small exhibits were included in the White City's "Woman's Building" which addressed women of color. One, entitled "Afro-American" was installed in a distant corner of the building. The other, called "Woman's Work in Savagery," included baskets, weavings, and African, Polynesian, and Native

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Jackson Park was returned to its status as a public park, in much better shape than its original swampy form. The lagoon was reshaped to give it a more natural appearance, except for the straight-line northern end where it still laps up against the steps on the south side of the Palace of Fine

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The Columbian Exposition has celebrated many anniversaries since the fair in 1893. The Chicago Historical Society held an exhibition to commemorate the fair. The Grand Illusions exhibition was centered around the idea that the Columbian Exposition was made up of a series of illusions. The

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The White City inspired cities to focus on the beautification of the components of the city in which municipal government had control; streets, municipal art, public buildings, and public spaces. The designs of the City Beautiful Movement (closely tied with the municipal art movement) are

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answer is Slavery." Ten thousand copies of the pamphlet were circulated in the White City from the Haitian Embassy (where Douglass had been selected as its national representative), and the activists received responses from the delegations of England, Germany, France, Russia, and India.

1706:'s polychrome proto-Modern Transportation Building was an outstanding exception to the prevailing style, as he tried to develop an organic American form. Years later, in 1922, he wrote that the classical style of the White City had set back modern American architecture by forty years. 1248:

Transportation by rail was the major mode of transportation. A 26-track train station was built at the southwest corner of the fair. While trains from around the country would unload there, there was a local train to shuttle tourists from the Chicago Grand Central Station to the fair.

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Visitors to the Louisiana Pavilion were each given a seedling of a cypress tree. This resulted in the spread of cypress trees to areas where they were not native. Cypress trees from those seedlings can be found in many areas of West Virginia, where they flourish in the climate.

973:. These were intended to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Columbus' discovery of the Americas. The ships were constructed in Spain and then sailed to America for the exposition. The celebration of Columbus was an intergovernmental project, coordinated by American special envoy 3395:

parks, shallow pools of water on axis to central buildings, larger park systems, broad boulevards and parkways and, after the start of the 20th century, zoning laws and planned suburbs. Examples of the City Beautiful movement's works include the City of Chicago, the

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A large Romanesque structure called "Greatest Refrigerator on Earth" stored thousands of pounds of the Exposition's food and held an ice-skating rink for patrons. The large structure demonstrated artificial freezing, a recent development, and was planned by architect

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and planting the seeds of modern city planning. The highly integrated design of the landscapes, promenades, and structures provided a vision of what is possible when planners, landscape architects, and architects work together on a comprehensive design scheme.

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The fair opened in May and ran through October 30, 1893. Forty-six nations participated in the fair, which was the first world's fair to have national pavilions. They constructed exhibits and pavilions and named national "delegates"; for example, Haiti selected

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It was known as the "Greatest Refrigerator on Earth," and was estimated to be 130 by 255 feet. The lower level provided cold storage for the thousands of pounds of food served every day at the fair; while the upper story featured an ice skating rink for fair

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When the exposition ended the Ferris Wheel was moved to Chicago's north side, next to an exclusive neighborhood. An unsuccessful Circuit Court action was filed against the owners of the wheel to have it moved. The wheel stayed there until it was moved to

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was the director of the fair. The layout of the fairgrounds was created by Frederick Law Olmsted, and the Beaux-Arts architecture of the buildings was under the direction of Daniel Burnham, Director of Works for the fair. Renowned local architect

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had a pavilion of artillery, which apparently had cost one million dollars to stage, including a coastal gun of 42 cm in bore (16.54 inches) and a length of 33 calibres (45.93 feet, 14 meters). A breech-loaded gun, it weighed 120.46

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Many prominent civic, professional, and commercial leaders from around the United States helped finance, coordinate, and manage the Fair, including Chicago shoe company owner Charles H. Schwab, Chicago railroad and manufacturing magnate

371:, gave the fairgrounds its nickname, the White City. Many prominent architects designed its 14 "great buildings". Artists and musicians were featured in exhibits and many also made depictions and works of art inspired by the exposition. 3464:: “The Exposition denied philosophy ... ince Noah’s Ark, no such Babel of loose and ill-jointed, such vague and ill-defined and unrelated thoughts and half-thoughts and experimental out-cries... had ruffled the surface of the Lakes.” 2193:

between DC and AC. Westinghouse initially did not put in a bid to power the Fair but agreed to be the contractor for a local Chicago company that put in a low bid of US$ 510,000 to supply an alternating current-based system.

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Muʿīn al-Salṭana, Muḥammad ʿAlī (Hāǧǧ Mīrzā), Safarnāma-yi Šīkāgū : ḵāṭirāt-i Muḥammad ʿAlī Muʿīn al-Salṭana bih Urūpā wa Āmrīkā : 1310 Hiǧrī-yi Qamarī / bih kūšiš-i Humāyūn Šahīdī, : Intišrāt-i ʿIlmī, 1984,

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Thomas Commerford Martin, The Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla: With Special Reference to His Work in Polyphase Currents and High Potential Lighting, Electrical Engineer – 1894, Chapter XLII, page 485

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The Official Directory of the World's Columbian Exposition, May 1st to October 30th, 1893: A Reference Book of Exhibitors and Exhibits, and of the Officers and Members of the World's Columbian Commission Books of the

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tribe. Nearby was a working model Indian school, organized by the Office of Indian Affairs, that housed delegations of Native American students and their teachers from schools around the country for weeks at a time.

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The Woman's Building included a Woman's Building Library Exhibit, which had 7,000 books — all by women. The Woman's Building Library was meant to show the cumulative contribution of the world's women to literature.

8733: 7797: 7677: 2577: 1895: 2573: 2384:, classical violinist, who achieved wide recognition after his performance there and became the first African-American violinist to conduct a transcontinental tour and the first to tour as a concert violinist. 7627: 4674: 8856: 2024:

American arts. Though they were produced by living women of color, the materials were represented as relics from the distant past, embodying "the work of white women's own distant evolutionary foremothers."

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maintains a small collection of exposition tickets for viewing and research purposes. The collection is currently cared for by GWU's Special Collections Research Center, located in the Estelle and Melvin

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Photographs of the World's Fair: an elaborate collection of photographs of the buildings, grounds and exhibits of the World's Columbian Exposition with a special description of The Famous Midway Plaisance

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coined the term related to the hype of the city's promoters. Other evidence, however, suggests the term was used as early as 1881 in relation to either Chicago's "windbag" politicians or to its weather.

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Program notes by Phillip Huscher for a performance by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra conducted by Riccardo Muti at the Krannert Center for the Performing Arts, Urbana, Ill. 24 September 2016. pp. 6–7.

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to replace the fair's official director of color-design, William Pretyman. Pretyman had resigned following a dispute with Burnham. After experimenting, Millet settled on a mix of oil and white lead

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with detailed illustrations of landscapes and architecture. Charles W Goldsmith produced a set of ten postcard designs, each in full colour, showing the buildings constructed for the exhibition.

7753: 1401:, and others, the event was considered radical at the time, since it allowed non-Christian faiths to speak on their own behalf. For example, it is recognized as the first public mention of the 5673: 5159: 10185: 9675: 8651: 8991: 8245: 9960: 2861:

enamel, metalwork and embroidery. While 55 paintings and 24 sculptures came from Japan, 271 of the 290 exhibits in the Palace of Fine Arts were Japanese. Artists represented included

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see introduction of 2013 edition of Rydell, Robert W. All the world's a fair: Visions of empire at American international expositions, 1876–1916. University of Chicago Press, 2013.

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A pipe organ containing over 3,900 pipes, one of the largest in the world at the time, was built by the Farrand & Votey Organ Company to the specifications of Chicago organist

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petitioned that it stay open. The club felt that if the exposition was closed on Sunday, it would restrict those who could not take off work during the work-week from seeing it.

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Chicago representatives not only fought for the world's fair for monetary reasons, but also for reasons of practicality. In a Senate hearing held in January 1890, representative

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French, Leanne; Grimm, Laura; Pak, Eudie. H. H. Holmes – Finding the Victims. Television Clip. Biography. 2014. A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2014. Video from biography.com.

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was an official delegate of Japan. As an artist, he sketched hundreds of scenes, some of which were later used to make woodblock print books about the Exhibition. Serial killer

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French, Leanne; Grimm, Laura; Pak, Eudie. H. H. Holmes – Chicago Expansion. Television clip. Biography. 2014. A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2014. Video from biography.com.

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Brittain, Randy Charles. "Festival Jubilate, Op. 17 by Amy Cheney Beach (1867–1944): A Performing Edition." Ph.D. Dissertation: University of North Carolina, Greensboro, 1994

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as director-general. Burnham emphasized architecture and sculpture as central to the fair and assembled the period's top talent to design the buildings and grounds including

8821: 7616: 6815: 6651: 2916: 1102:, a rustic log construction, was a popular favorite, visited by an estimated 18 million people. The building's design and interior furnishings were a major precursor of the 924:

This wheel was 264 feet (80 m) high and had 36 cars, each of which could accommodate 40 people. The importance of the Columbian Exposition is highlighted by the use of

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French, Leanne; Grimm, Laura; Pak, Eudie. H. H. Holmes – Full Biography. Television clip. Biography. 2014. A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2014. Video from biography.com.

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Guide to the World's Columbian Exposition Ticket Collection, 1893, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University

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Der Schritt von einer kurze 42-cm-Kanone L/33 zu einer Haubitze mit geringerer Anfangsgeschwindigkeit und einem um etwa 1/5 geringeren Geschossgewicht war nich sehr gross.

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The 2011 Chicago North Side Real Estate Guide: Bucktown, Wicker Park, Lincoln Park, Lake View, Gold Coast, Streeterville. Andersonville, Wrigleyville, Ravenswood and More

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of Chicago, seemed illuminated. It was also called the White City because of the extensive use of street lights, which made the boulevards and buildings usable at night.

755:, which was being built as the fair was closing (the university has since developed south of the Midway). The university's football team, the Maroons, were the original " 10075: 8255: 7746: 382:, and people and cultures from 46 countries. More than 27 million people attended the exposition during its six-month run. Its scale and grandeur far exceeded the other 7236:

The Book of the Fair: An Historical and Descriptive Presentation of the World's Science, Art and Industry, As Viewed through the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893

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started selling its frankfurters and sausages near one of the entrances to the Midway Plaisance, just outside the Old Vienna Village. The company later became known as

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Almost all of the fair's structures were designed to be temporary; of the more than 200 buildings erected for the fair, the only two which still stand in place are the

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Larson, Erik. The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America. New York: Vintage Books a Division of Random House, Inc., 2003.

5466: 1850:. They moved the building to their resort to serve as a library and art gallery. The Poland Spring Preservation Society now owns the building, which was listed on the 7695: 6799:"The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The First-Ever Brownie was invented in Chicago by Bertha Palmer for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition" 324:, was a large water pool representing the voyage that Columbus took to the New World. Chicago won the right to host the fair over several competing cities, including 10265: 10025: 10010: 9905: 9895: 9815: 9755: 9650: 6034: 4666: 2505:(1867–1944) was commissioned by the Board of Lady Managers of the fair to compose a choral work (Festival Jubilate, op. 17) for the opening of the Woman's Building. 10175: 10125: 10090: 10070: 10055: 10040: 10005: 10000: 9955: 9870: 9790: 9730: 9690: 9645: 1366:(122.4 metric tons). According to the company's marketing: "It carried a charge projectile weighing from 2,200 to 2,500 pounds which, when driven by 900 pounds of 1486:, which was painted white, giving the buildings their "gleam". Architecture critics derided the structures as "decorated sheds.” The buildings were clad in white 10260: 10215: 10210: 10035: 9985: 9980: 9970: 9810: 9745: 9695: 9685: 9680: 9660: 9655: 9640: 9620: 176: 5427: 10245: 10165: 10135: 9910: 9900: 9875: 9830: 9740: 9630: 7739: 991:

gave a series of lectures on the Science of Animal Locomotion in the Zoopraxographical Hall, built specially for that purpose on Midway Plaisance. He used his

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commemorative exhibition contained partial reconstructions, a video detailing the fair, and a catalogue similar to the one sold at the World's Fair of 1893.

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Lederer, F. (1972). Competition for the World's Columbian Exposition: The Chicago Campaign. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 65(4), 382–394

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by World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.). Board of Lady Managers; edited by Edith E. Clarke. Chicago: n. pub., ca. 1894. A bibliography.

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later wrote that "By this overwhelming rise of grandomania I was confirmed in my fear that a native architecture would be set back at least fifty years."

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Souvenir Map, 1893, Jackson Park at left hosted the main fair exhibitions, while the Midway, the narrow extension to the left, hosted various amusements

10200: 9940: 9387: 8866: 3583:, an adventure novel where Nikola Tesla, Mark Twain, and Houdini pursue Martian agents who have stolen a powerful crystal from Tesla at the Exposition. 2157:

Examples of exposition souvenirs can be found in various American museum collections. One example, copyrighted in 1892 by John W. Green, is a folding

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The Congress of Women: Held in the Woman's Building, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, U. S. A., 1893, With Portraits, Biographies and Addresses

1543: 7154: 10318: 10160: 9820: 8645: 8361: 5671: 5155: 794: 6746: 9249: 4810: 4036: 1738: 6522: 1815:. The second building, the World's Congress Building, was one of the few buildings not built in Jackson Park, instead it was built downtown in 763:: "The City White hath fled the earth, / But where the azure waters lie, / A nobler city hath its birth, / The City Gray that ne'er shall die." 9158: 5514: 3738: 1342: 1077:

was sold several times, even going back to Tiffany's estate. It was eventually reconstructed and restored and in 1999 it was installed at the

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won the title "best amateur pianist in the United States," although some of the judges told her, "You are not an amateur, you are an artist!"

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Many of the buildings included sculptural details and, to meet the Exposition's opening deadline, chief architect Burnham sought the help of

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The exposition covered 690 acres (2.8 km), featuring nearly 200 new but temporary buildings of predominantly neoclassical architecture,

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Carvajal, Carol Styles and Horwood, Jane. Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary: Spanish-English/English-Spanish. Oxford Press, 2004, page 578.

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The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbian Exposition: The Afro-American's Contribution to Columbian Literature.

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by Enid Yandell, Jean Loughborough and Laura Hayes. Chicago: Bright, Leonard and Co., 1892. Biographical account of women at the fair.

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Apart from official nation displays, non-white cultures were largely excluded from the main park and were instead found on the Midway.

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List of Books Sent by Home and Foreign Committees to the Library of the Woman's Building, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893

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principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor. The color of the material generally used to cover the buildings' façades, white

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Die geschichte des eisens in technischer und kulturgeschiehtlicher beziehung: abt. Das XIX, jahrhundert von 1860 an bis zum schluss

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Behling, Laura L. (October 2002). "Reification and Resistance: The Rhetoric of Black Womanhood at the Columbian Exposition, 1893".

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bought a European exhibitor's chocolate manufacturing equipment and added chocolate products to his caramel manufacturing business.

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to the buildings, taking considerably less time than traditional brush painting. Joseph Binks, maintenance supervisor at Chicago's

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declared Krupps' guns "the greatest peacemakers in the world". This gun was later seen as a precursor of the company's World War I

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The Administration Building and Grand Court during the October 9, 1893, commemoration of the 22nd anniversary of the Chicago Fire.

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to be its delegate. The Exposition drew over 27 million visitors. The fair was originally meant to be closed on Sundays, but the

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Ideals of Authenticity: Euro-American Sculptural Representations of Native Americans at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893

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released in 2011, is based on and is partially set at the Exposition, referred to as the 1893 Chicago World's Fair in the game.

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Electricity was used to decorate the buildings with incandescent lights, illuminate fountains, and power three huge spotlights.

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There were fourteen main "great buildings" centered around a giant reflective pool called the Grand Basin. Buildings included:

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The three other significant buildings that survived the fair represented Norway, the Netherlands, and the State of Maine. The

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to help complete them. Taft's efforts included employing a group of talented women sculptors from the Institute known as "the

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locomotive was displayed. It was only 62 years old, having been built in 1831. It was the first locomotive acquisition by the

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Placko, Dane. “Chilling Tour inside Serial Killer H. H. Holmes’ ‘Murder Castle’”. My Fox Chicago. Apr. 28, 2014. Oct 2, 2014.

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competed in the Eisteddfod, taking the second place prize of $ 1,000. This was the first appearance of the choir outside the

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Among the other attractions at the fair, several products that are well-known today were introduced. These products included

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Green, Christopher T. (2017). "A Stage Set for Assimilation: The Model Indian School at the World's Columbian Exposition".

4758: 3337: 3033: 2989: 2346: 1851: 1719:, extraordinary effort was required to accomplish the exposition, and much of it was unfinished on opening day. The famous 940:, later credited the sights he saw on the Chicago midway for inspiring him to create America's first major amusement park, 809: 74: 3684:

takes thirteen-year-old Rosie Beckett and her family from their downstate family farm to the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago.

1811:, since relocated); in 1933 (having been completely rebuilt in permanent materials), the Palace building re-opened as the 8738: 8615: 8605: 8600: 8381: 8150: 5957: 4248: 3023: 2490: 2459:, the oldest choral society in the United States, presented the first concerts of early American music at the exposition. 1510: 2293:

Part of the space occupied by the Westinghouse Company was devoted to demonstrations of electrical devices developed by

609:

The exhibition did include a limited number of exhibits put on by African Americans, including exhibits by the sculptor

10323: 9168: 8781: 8145: 8055: 7394: : held in connection with the World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1st : 1893 : Chicago, Ill.). 2220:

was displayed at the entrance. The exposition featured interior and exterior light and displays as well as displays of

2216:

The International Exposition was held in an Electricity Building which was devoted to electrical exhibits. A statue of

1370:, was claimed to be able to penetrate at 2,200 yards a wrought-iron plate three feet thick if placed at right angles." 7498:

Originally published 1893. Reprint ed., edited by Robert W. Rydell. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1999.

5107:

History of the World's Fair: Being a Complete and Authentic Description of the Columbian Exposition From Its Inception

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In 1892, working under extremely tight deadlines to complete construction, director of works Daniel Burnham appointed

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on Adams Street, the world's first all-steel-framed skyscraper. Davis' team organized the exhibits with the help of

438: 51: 10313: 10235: 9468: 9394: 9234: 9097: 9092: 8916: 7940: 7921: 7722: 7704: 6990: 4578:

Trumble White, William Iglehart, and George R. Davis, The World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago 1893 (1893), at 493

4238:

Birgit Breugal for the EXPO2000 Hannover GmbH Hannover, the EXPO-BOOK The Official Catalogue of EXPO2000 with CDROM

3837:, whose main altar, as well as its matching two side altars, reputedly originate from the 1893 Columbian Exposition 3027: 2198: 2053: 1866: 1774: 1263: 4850: 2016:

history professor Gail Bederman, the event symbolized a male-dominated and Eurocentrist society. In her 1995 text

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Some Notables of New Orleans: Biographical and Descriptive Sketches of the Artists of New Orleans, and Their Work

4948: 3848: 3613: 3510: 1842:. In 2015 it was dismantled and shipped back to Norway, where it was restored and reassembled. The second is the 1808: 1258: 719:

delivers a speech to crowd during "American Cities Day" at the exposition on October 28, 1893. Harrison would be

602: 583: 6544: 3617:, "Come On! Feel The Illinoise!", which consists of two parts. Part 1 is titled, "World's Columbian Exposition". 10230: 9495: 9239: 8896: 8826: 5242:

The City Beyond the White City, World’s Columbian Exposition, Contextualizing the Fair, .beyondthewhitecity.org

3906: 2854: 2484:

conducted a gala "Bohemian Day" concert at the exposition, besieged by visitors including the conductor of the

1807:. From the time the fair closed until 1920, the Palace of Fine Arts housed the Field Columbian Museum (now the 1225:

in Massachusetts could be viewed. This was the first commercial railroad in the United States to evolve into a

798: 693:, directed the painted mural decorations. Indeed, it was a coming-of-age for the arts and architecture of the " 4407: 2919:

of the fair to compose a choral work (Festival Jubilate, op. 17) for the opening of the Woman's Building. The

508:, among others, pledged $ 15 million to finance the fair if Congress awarded it to New York, while Chicagoans 359:. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow 9935: 9229: 9142: 8876: 8791: 8718: 8620: 8585: 8250: 8175: 8170: 8155: 8140: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8016: 8001: 7907: 7877: 7553: 6943: 6291: 6061: 5772: 5666:

Hugo Gernsback, "Tesla's Egg of Columbus, How Tesla Performed the Feat of Columbus Without Cracking the Egg"

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visited the fair. The White City later inspired the reference to "alabaster cities" in her poem and lyrics "

834: 743:

two days before the fair's closing. Closing ceremonies were canceled in favor of a public memorial service.

532:, who raised several million additional dollars in a 24-hour period, over and above New York's final offer. 10328: 9915: 9424: 9062: 8966: 8911: 8886: 8580: 8281: 7850: 7312: 7185:

French, Leanne; Grimm, Laura; Pak, Eudie. H. H. Holmes – The World Fair. Television clip. Biography. 2014.

7141:

Neuberger, Mary. 2006. "To Chicago and Back: Alecko Konstantinov, Rose Oil, and the Smell of Modernity" in

6239: 5830: 4516:

The Public Historian, Imposing the Past on the Present: History, the Public, and the Columbus Quincentenary

3459: 3423: 3317: 2811: 2182: 2073:'s reporters and artists. There is a very detailed and vivid description of all facets of this fair by the 1800: 1073:

made his reputation with a stunning chapel designed and built for the Exposition. After the Exposition the

7493: 6997:, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University 3856:, candle sets popularized at Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee were used to illuminate an island at the Expo 3530:, a non-fiction book intertwining the true tales of the architect behind the Exposition and serial killer 889: 10110: 9920: 9593: 9485: 9429: 9117: 9107: 8996: 8981: 8811: 8461: 8401: 8130: 7983: 7962: 7645: 7415: 7151: 6711: 5043: 3526: 3283: 3206: 2786: 2342: 1943: 1877: 1715: 6738: 2378:′s Band played for the Exposition dedication celebration in Chicago, 10 October through 21 October 1892. 10283: 10250: 10115: 9850: 9355: 9340: 8936: 8406: 7858: 7455:, an adventure novel about a 13-year-old being away from home for the first time and visiting the fair. 7175: 5311: 3656: 3237: 2311: 978: 901:

that was strictly separated from the exhibition halls. This area, developed by a young music promoter,

751:, a park-like boulevard which extends west from Jackson Park, once formed the southern boundary of the 740: 7731: 7633: 7347: 7006:

Harris, N. (1993). Grand Illusions Chicago' World's Fair of 1893. Chicago: Chicago Historical Society.

6981: 4032: 3933: 1823:, which, as planned, moved into the building (the museum's current home) after the close of the fair. 909:

and introduced the term "midway" to American English to describe the area of a carnival or fair where

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Splendors of Meiji : treasures of imperial Japan : masterpieces from the Khalili Collection

6514: 3812: 3708: 3564: 3005: 2755: 2594: 2456: 1617: 1525: 1483: 1475: 1295: 564: 496:

values, and promote their cities. Congress was called on to decide the location. New York financiers

485: 368: 364: 6573: 4390: 4356: 4322: 3598:

The Exposition appears in the season 1 episode "The World's Columbian Exposition" of the NBC series

2536:. It was one of the first great organs to rely on electrical connections from its keys to its pipes. 932:("Chicago wheel") in many Latin American countries such as Costa Rica and Chile in reference to the 336:. The exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on American 10255: 10065: 9995: 8926: 8466: 7762: 7463: 3817: 3587: 2978: 2777: 2744: 2718: 2654: 2644: 2525: 2353:). Chicago won the game, 14–0. The game lasted only 40 minutes, compared to the normal 90 minutes. 2316: 2013: 1859: 1835: 1820: 1328: 1200: 1103: 1041: 614: 488:, had been successful in Europe as a way to bring together societies fragmented along class lines. 383: 5617: 5556:

Executioner's Current: Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse, and the Invention of the Electric Chair

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All the exhibits were from commercial enterprises. Participants included General Electric, Brush,

2189:

system they had been developing for many years, took place at the end of what has been called the

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Photographs and interactive map from the 1893 Columbian Exposition from the University of Chicago

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Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917

4096:

Dedicatory And Opening Ceremonies of the World's Columbian Exposition: Historical and Descriptive

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the Westinghouse Sawyer-Man-based stopper lamp infringed on the Edison incandescent lamp patent.

2205:, put in a US$ 1.72 million bid to power the Fair and its planned 93,000 incandescent lamps with 1552: 1185: 787: 698: 658: 484:

of rapid industrial growth, immigration, and class tension. World's fairs, such as London's 1851

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was first performed at the exposition by a mass of school children lined up in military fashion.

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Sousa's Band played concerts in the south bandstand on the Great Plaza, 25 May to 28 June 1893.

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Ramsland, Katherine. “H. H. Holmes: Master of Illusion”. crime library. 2014. October 1, 2014.

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Interactive Map of the Chicago Columbian Exposition, created in the Harvard Worldmap Platform

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Art and Handicraft in the Woman's Building of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893

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instruments used in the performance were later placed in the Field Museum of Natural History.

2275: 2162: 2066: 2048: 1650: 1532: 1517: 1482:. Façades were made not of stone, but of a mixture of plaster, cement, and jute fiber called 1238: 1230: 1070: 1044:

gave academic lectures reflecting on the end of the frontier which Buffalo Bill represented.

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designed several buildings for the exposition. The director of the American Academy in Rome,

571: 560: 505: 492: 352: 7717: 6457:; National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation (1987). 5129: 4486:

The Magic City: A Massive Portfolio of Original Photographic Views of the Great World's Fair

2085:

on April 20, 1892, especially for the purpose of visiting the World's Columbian Exposition.

1880:, as well as its matching two side altars, are reputed to be from the Columbian Exposition. 1751: 969: 10205: 10180: 10140: 9925: 9880: 9700: 9404: 9082: 9001: 8550: 8451: 8031: 7891: 7577:(worldsfairchicago1893.com). A standalone website that covers all aspects of the Exposition 7410: 7366:"A Stage Set for Assimilation: The Model Indian School at the World’s Columbian Exposition" 7365: 7231: 5252: 4696: 3979: 3840: 3790: 3600: 3579: 3440: 3294: 3226: 3209:, the local Chicago furrier helped America gain respect on the world stage of manufacturing 2816: 2795: 2766: 2690: 2302: 2096: 1961: 1847: 1843: 1834:. After the Fair it was relocated to Lake Geneva, and in 1935 was moved to a museum called 1816: 1710: 1640: 1603: 1498: 1426: 1287: 1234: 1026: 694: 690: 567:

style and painted white, resulting in the fair site being referred to as the "White City".

536: 525: 501: 432: 313: 7617:

President Benjamin Harrison: Celebrating the 400th Anniversary of the Discovery of America

7583:

is a media project about the Exposition which includes a book, film, and augmented reality

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Das Gerät der Artillerie vor, in und nach dem Weltkrieg: Das Gerät der schweren Artillerie

3267: 1884:

plans were abandoned in July 1894, when much of the fair grounds was destroyed in a fire.

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Glimpses of the World's Fair: A Selection of Gems of the White City Seen Through A Camera

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James C. Clark, "What Happened to the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria that Sailed in 1892?",

4111: 3822: 3669: 3499: 3397: 3256: 3191: 2932: 2920: 2700: 2629: 2609: 2589: 2547: 2540: 2402: 2338: 2190: 2186: 2137: 2088: 2062: 1720: 1656: 1624: 1597: 1373:

Nicknamed "The Thunderer", the gun had an advertised range of 15 miles. On this occasion

1229:

without an intervening closure. The railway brought granite stones from a rock quarry in

917: 736: 716: 598: 470: 31: 7391: 7243: 4009:

The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America

2424:, pianist, from Texarkana, Texas; became widely known for his piano playing at the fair. 1286:

Thirty-four U.S. states also had their own pavilions. The work of noted feminist author

1052: 672:

on 630 acres (2.5 km) in the neighborhoods of South Shore, Jackson Park Highlands,

528:, offered to finance a Chicago fair. What finally persuaded Congress was Chicago banker 461:

The regional vote breakdown of the eighth World's Fair location selection ballot in the

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The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic and Madness at the Fair that Changed America

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that was sailed to the Exposition from Norway by Captain Magnus Andersen is located in

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Video simulations from the 1893 Columbian Exposition from UCLA's Urban Simulation Team

6484: 5070: 4488:, Historical Publishing Company, St. Louis MO, 1894 reprinted by Arno Press, NY, 1974 2870: 2309:

that drove these motors was explained through a series of demonstrations including an

2181:

The effort to power the Fair with electricity, which became a demonstration piece for

881: 9990: 9553: 9524: 9267: 8951: 8486: 7499: 7481: 7467: 7436: 7421: 7376: 7337: 7316: 7298: 7284: 7268: 7258: 7215: 7128: 7109: 7092: 7082: 7063: 6971: 6947: 6886: 6718: 6598: 6464: 6463:. International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts. 6380: 6265: 5899: 5867: 5724: 5520: 5493: 5209: 5047: 4977: 4933: 4921: 4851:"Viking ship from 1893 Chicago world's fair begins much-needed voyage to restoration" 4796: 4612: 4261: 4203: 4074: 4012: 3987: 3639: 3625: 3200: 3172:

giving electric power to elevated trains led directly to its first continuing US use.

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Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America

6401: 6209: 6179: 6035:"Généalogie de Charlotte Wilhelmine Eringarde Freiin Spiegel von und zu Peckelsheim" 6005: 5608:"American Experience | Chicago: City of the Century | People & Events" 4163: 3470:

wrote that the academic aspect of the event was not very important, even though the

2931:

in the assembly room of the Women's Building. Musicologist Anna Morsch and composer

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The fair included life-size reproductions of Christopher Columbus' three ships, the

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Unfair Labor? American Indians and the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago

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in North America; it was not taken seriously by European scholars until the 1960s.

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Civil rights leaders protested the refusal to include an African American exhibit.

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Map of Chicago Columbian Exposition from the American Geographical Society Library

7508:

World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.). Board of Lady Managers.

5861: 3514:, an interactive fiction by Peter Nepstad that recreates the Exposition in detail. 2051:, visited the fair in summer 1893. Keller described the fair in her autobiography 427: 10020: 9399: 7798:

The American Exhibition of the Products, Arts and Manufactures of Foreign Nations

7708: 7657: 7598: 7186: 7158: 6994: 6458: 5677: 5559: 5381: 5259: 4996:

John Birkinbine (1893) "Prominent Features of the World's Columbian Exposition",

4855: 4762: 4755: 4722: 4602: 4257: 4197: 3799: 3644: 3518: 3493: 3041: 2982: 2826: 2729: 2624: 2450: 2414: 2381: 2298: 2283: 2259: 2237: 1662: 1630: 1398: 1222: 1095: 686: 450: 411: 305: 9277: 7568: 7433:

Cairo in Chicago : Cairo street at the world's Columbian exposition of 1893

7026: 6621: 3522:, a fictional novel that takes place during the Exposition during the first act. 2519:

conducted by guest conductor Vojtěch I. Hlaváč, played the American premiere of

1988:

President Cleveland opens the World's Fair, as depicted by Rudolf Cronau in 1893

1846:, designed by Charles Sumner Frost, which was purchased by the Ricker family of 1819:. The cost of construction of the World's Congress Building was shared with the 9780: 9557: 9414: 7690: 7381: 6566: 5821:

Caldwell Titcomb (Spring 1990). "Black String Musicians: Ascending the Scale".

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All the World's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions

3776: 3608: 3428: 3408: 3185: 3162: 3118: 3087: 3070: 3054: 2924: 2836: 2806: 2735: 2474: 2206: 2123:

attended the fair with two of his eventual victims, Annie and Minnie Williams.

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Along the banks of the lake, patrons on the way to the casino were taken on a

953: 10297: 10095: 9835: 9795: 9750: 9715: 8743: 8640: 8625: 8610: 8595: 8575: 8555: 8545: 8476: 7766: 7672: 6454: 5232:. New York City: Press of the American institute of Architects, Inc.. p. 325. 4925: 3704: 3503: 3401: 3301: 3222: 3156: 3097: 3064: 2750: 2685: 2667: 2659: 2614: 2578:

List of American sculptors exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition

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The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was predominantly designed by

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List of American painters exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition

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by 12 men, led by Captain Magnus Andersen. In 1919, this ship was moved to

1268: 963: 945: 933: 594: 497: 442: 7435:, Le Caire : Institut Francais d'Archéologie Orientale (IFAO), 2021; 2942: 2858: 2390:, a soprano known as "the Black Patti" and an already-famous opera singer. 2319:

coil in the induction motors to spin a copper egg making it stand on end.

10045: 9950: 9825: 9770: 9725: 8590: 8496: 8491: 8441: 8436: 8275: 8026: 7713: 7667: 6856: 6402:"International Women Sculptors: 1893 Chicago World's Fair and Exposition" 4846: 4662: 3700: 3592: 3541: 3455: 3122: 3106: 3102: 3082: 3076: 2953: 2904: 2866: 2831: 2279: 2233: 2225: 1521: 1506: 1378: 1218: 1138: 1110: 1007: 626: 622: 579: 547:

The exposition corporation and national exposition commission settled on

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History and information about artwork from the U.S. Government Building.

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Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893

6214:

Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893

6184:

Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893

6154:

Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893

4558: 4542: 2883:

List of women artists exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition

1873:. The ship is open to visitors on scheduled days April through October. 10060: 7761: 7636:

Overview of an archival collection on the World's Columbian Exposition.

6652:"Tragedy at the 1893 World's Fair: Fire killed 16 while crowds watched" 6266:"American Sculpture at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893" 3853: 3632: 3479: 3212: 3169: 2463: 2398: 2241: 2132: 1450: 1303: 801: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 529: 481: 6769:"The Columbian Exposition and the Nation's First Commemorative Stamps" 5846: 4280:"World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 comes alive on computer screens" 3748:

The Exposition also appears in the post-credits scene of the MCU film

2973:

Mammoth and Giant Octopus, display at the Columbian World's Fair, 1893

2515:

On June 8, 1893, The Exposition Orchestra, an expanded version of the

2498:, during a Dvořák family vacation in a Czech-speaking community there. 312:

from May 5 to October 31, 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of

8635: 8630: 8524: 8517: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8346: 8325: 8318: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 7726: 7048: 6485:"Austrian Women Painters: 1893 Chicago World's Fair & Exposition" 5591:

Fleet Fire: Thomas Edison and the Pioneers of the Electric Revolution

3806: 3647:

was created at the Exposition and toured across the world to promote

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could be erected in Boston. The frog switch is now on public view in

1153: 999:

to a paying public. The hall was the first commercial movie theater.

902: 333: 317: 8047: 7327:

Women Building History: Public Art at the 1893 Columbian Exposition.

5829:(1). Center for Black Music Research – Columbia College Chicago and 5513:

Bertuca, David J.; Hartman, Donald K.; Neumeister, Susan M. (1996).

4202:(1 ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 35–40. 3897:"Bird's-Eye View of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893" 3896: 1913:

The Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, seen from the southwest.

897:

The World's Columbian Exposition was the first world's fair with an

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for the grounds. The temporary buildings were designed in an ornate

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Robert N. Dennis Collection of Stereoscopic Views: Exhibitions 1893

7392:

Mathematical papers read at the International Mathematical Congress

7043:

The project documenting The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 –

5838: 4788: 4509:"Writing History with Artifacts: Columbus at the 1893 Chicago Fair" 3506:

to establish the dominant form of electricity in the United States.

3362: 3037: 2410: 2158: 2149: 2124: 2074: 1620:. It exhibited works related to literature, science, art and music. 1491: 1363: 1307: 1060: 910: 288: 7668:

Edgar Rice Burroughs' Amazing Summer of '93 – Columbian Exposition

7334:

Annotated Bibliography: World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago 1893

7176:

French, Leanne; Grimm, Laura; Pak, Eudie. “H. H. Holmes Biography”

5093:

The World's Columbian Exposition: the Chicago World's Fair of 1893

3175:

The "clasp locker", a clumsy slide fastener and forerunner to the

621:. Black individuals were also featured in white exhibits, such as 457: 10080: 9324: 8481: 8471: 8446: 8431: 8416: 8270: 8260: 7165:

Bone Rooms: From Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums

6988:

Guide to the World's Columbian Exposition Ticket Collection, 1893

3595:. The Exposition is evoked with admiration in the early chapters. 3144: 2439: 2036:

Front of ticket for admission to the World's Columbian Exposition

1925:

Horticultural Building, with Illinois Building in the background.

1299: 1206:

locomotive was showcased at the exposition, and subsequently the

309: 164: 146: 43: 7630:. Search results, at New York Public Library Digital Collections 7478:

Revisiting the White City: American Art at the 1893 World's Fair

6905:

Chicago's Greatest Year – 1893 by Joseph Gustaitis pages 210–213

6137:

Revisiting the White City: American Art at the 1893 World's Fair

4974:

America at the fair: Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Exposition

3196:

First fully electrical kitchen including an automatic dishwasher

2197:

Edison General Electric, which at the time was merging with the

2069:". The exposition was extensively reported by Chicago publisher 570:

The Exposition's offices set up shop in the upper floors of the

473:, and Connecticut banking, insurance, and iron products magnate 8421: 7399: 3321:

In 1923, notable Chicagoans associated with the fair met again.

3176: 2928: 2270:, and Westinghouse. The Westinghouse Company displayed several 1827: 1487: 1446: 1291:

be architecturally representative of the corresponding states.

1149: 1145: 873: 379: 340:, the arts, American industrial optimism, and Chicago's image. 7946:

Bronx International Exposition of Science, Arts and Industries

7281:

World's Columbian Exposition: A Centennial Bibliographic Guide

5550: 5548: 3391:. Results included grand buildings and fountains built around 2409:

There were many other black artists at the fair, ranging from

8386: 7228:. National Chemigraph Company, Chicago & St. Louis, 1893. 6372:

Dictionary of American Sculptors: 18th century to the present

5335:

by Frank Lloyd Wright. Bramhall House. New York. 1957. (p 57)

5206:

Visions of America: A History of the United States Since 1865

4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 2282:, transmission line, step-down transformers, commercial size 1442: 1358: 1350: 1203: 431:

An advertisement for the Exposition, depicting a portrait of

375: 274: 6968:

New Urbanism and American Planning: The Conflict of Cultures

4160:"World's Columbian Exposition: The Official Fair--A History" 3387:

The exposition was one influence leading to the rise of the

2438:

performance in the United States was at the exposition. The

1221:

switch and portion of the superstructure of the famous 1826

7723:

Guide to the World's Columbian Exposition Records 1891–1930

7044: 6934:

Come to the Fair: The Chicago Mathematical Congress of 1893

5892:"Christensen, Abigail Mandana ("Abbie") Holmes (1852–1938)" 5545: 5307: 3216: 2446: 2322:

Tesla himself showed up for a week in August to attend the

2082: 1311: 1040:

just outside the edge of the exposition. Nearby, historian

1002:

The "Street in Cairo" included the popular dancer known as

996: 893:

The German pavilion, which remained standing after the Expo

9293: 7580: 5119:

finishingacademy.com, 1.1.1 The History of the Spray Booth

4178: 4094:

See also: Memorial Volume. Joint Committee on Ceremonies,

1441:

Horticultural exhibits at the Horticultural Hall included

1006:. She introduced America to the suggestive version of the 7727:

University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

7460:"All the World Is Here!" The Black Presence at White City 5612: 4149:

Congressional Record, Volume XXI, First Session 1664–1665

3491:

The Exposition is portrayed in the 2017 historical film,

2077:

traveler Mirza Mohammad Ali Mo'in ol-Saltaneh written in

1252: 704: 7953:

American Historical Review and Motion Picture Exposition

6425: 6423: 6180:"United States Women Painters: 1893 Exposition – page 4" 5512: 3129: 1612:

The Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, designed by

1531:

The words "Thine alabaster cities gleam" from the song "

735:

The fair ended with the city in shock, as popular mayor

7023:

Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History

6210:"United States Women Painters: 1893 Exposition, page 8" 5278:"The journey for the Norway Building comes full circle" 1551:

The White City is largely credited for ushering in the

1474:

Most of the buildings of the fair were designed in the

7384:

Publishers, Chicago: 1893, accessed February 13, 2009.

6345:"Ask Geoffrey: The History of the Art Institute Lions" 5919:

Diamond, Beverly; Barbara Benary. "Indonesian Music".

1538: 7873:

South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition

7832:

California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894

7480:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1993. 7081:. St. Petersburg, Fla.: Broughton International Inc. 6435: 6420: 4408:"'HE DESERVED TO BE SHOT,' SAID THE MAYOR'S ASSASSIN" 3831:, serial killer associated with the 1893 World's Fair 3620:

The Exposition plays a role in the historical novel,

1257:

Forty-six countries had pavilions at the exposition.

7926:

National Star-Spangled Banner Centennial Celebration

7361:. Chicago and New York: Rand, McNally and Co., 1894. 7226:

Portfolio of Views: The World's Columbian Exposition

6810: 6808: 3766: 2254:

Westinghouses' World's Fair presentation explaining

1433:, it allowed people to walk along or ride in seats. 1196:

in the world when it ran under its own power again.

916:

It included carnival rides, among them the original

747:

Arts/Museum of Science & Industry building. The

697:", and it showcased the burgeoning neoclassical and 7623:

The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition Reading Room.

7329:

Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011.

5156:"The Contentious Historical Origins of Spray Paint" 3105:pancake mix was widely popularized by spokesperson 2345:(the earliest being on September 28, 1892, between 1478:style. The area at the Court of Honor was known as 1429:, the first of its kind open to the public, called 1279:. It was relocated in 1996 to Good Templar Park in 759:." The exposition is mentioned in the university's 480:The fair was planned in the early 1890s during the 7055: 6710: 6142: 6139:, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C. 1993 5065: 5063: 4971: 3552:, a 2005 documentary film about the Exposition by 3407:After the fair closed, J.C. Rogers, a banker from 3109:'s pancake cooking and story telling performances. 1976:"Canal of Venice" during Chicago World's Fair 1893 1830:Building was a recreation of a traditional wooden 1036:decided to come to Chicago anyway, setting up his 7846:Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition 7837:Cotton States and International Exposition (1895) 7125:Lone Scout: W. D. Boyce and American Boy Scouting 7053: 6926: 6805: 6202: 6172: 5918: 5194:Levy, John M. (2009) Contemporary Urban Planning. 30:For the Chicago World's Fair held 1933–1934, see 10295: 6553:. New York, New York. April 8, 1893. p. 8. 6447: 5934:Stillman, Amy Ku'uleialoha. "Polynesian Music". 5820: 5016: 4967: 4965: 4883:"Kate McPhelim Cleary: A Gallant Lady Reclaimed" 4697:"Cutter, Kirtland Kelsey (1860–1939), Architect" 3643:, a 2013 video game. The floating city-state of 3143:A device that made plates for printing books in 1937:A view toward the Peristyle from Machinery Hall. 406:, which had destroyed much of the city in 1871. 7714:Guide to World's Columbian Exposition resources 7696:President Harrison: Worlds Columbian Exposition 5853: 5130:"The History of Sprayguns – Body Shop Business" 5060: 5000:, Volume 10, p. 292; for the metric values see 3575:, a graphic novel set in part at the Exposition 1271:. It was built in Norway and sailed across the 1025:or travelator, which was designed by architect 544:ballot, receiving 157 votes to New York's 107. 7476:Rydell, Robert, and Carolyn Kinder Carr, eds. 5770: 5095:. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2002. 3115:'s new recipe was introduced at the Exposition 2567: 1188:. The locomotive ran under its own power from 320:in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, held in 9594: 9309: 8063: 7747: 7673:International Eisteddfod chair, Chicago, 1893 7587:The Columbian Exposition in American culture. 7372:. Volume 51, Number 2/3 (Summer/Autumn 2017). 7027:https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb04595.0001.001 6593:. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing. p. 6507: 6477: 5492:. London England: Bracken Books. p. 42. 4962: 4011:. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 318–320. 3663:The exposition appears in the travel book by 3654:The exposition is a key setting of the novel 3125:, famously recognized as "Chicago's Hot Dog". 2943:"Greatest Refrigerator on Earth" fire tragedy 926: 731:"Columbian Exposition" of 1892 book cover art 7812:North, Central and South American Exposition 7592:Photographs of the 1893 Columbian Exposition 7167:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2016. 6292:"Chicago – Columbus Landing on San Salvador" 5755: 5010: 4500: 3689:The Dark Pictures Anthology: The Devil in Me 3631:Mystery Train Island, a video game level on 3293:demonstrated feats of strength, promoted by 2853:Japan's artistic contribution was mainly in 2428: 1298:also had pavilions located in one building: 422: 7994:Greater Texas & Pan-American Exposition 7979:California Pacific International Exposition 7609:The Story of the Columbian Expo Battleship 7346:Eagle, Mary Kavanaugh Oldham, d. 1903, ed. 6936:by David E. Rowe and Karen Hunger Parshall" 6833: 6272:. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History; Essays 6232: 6150:"Women's Building: 1893 World's Exposition" 5859: 5073:. Baháʼí Information Office of the UK. 1998 5071:"First Public Mentions of the Baháʼí Faith" 5033: 5031: 5001: 4754:Joseph M. Di Cola & David Stone (2012) 3022:offered its first commemorative coins: the 2927:' stencil design was selected to adorn the 2876: 2529:as part of a concert of Russian folk music. 2488:, who arranged for performance of Dvořák's 2099:. He devotes the first chapter of his book 1623:The Mines and Mining Building, designed by 1505:that could be applied using compressed air 1079:Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art 9601: 9587: 9316: 9302: 8070: 8056: 7984:Texas Centennial Central Exposition (1936) 7934:Negro Historical and Industrial Exposition 7754: 7740: 7122: 5690:Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla 5641:Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla 5597:, Chapter 8: The Manufacture and the Magus 5487: 5396: 5109:. Philadelphia, PA: J. W. Keller & Co. 5098: 3692:, a 2022 video game which was inspired by 3067:for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. 2335:Chicago Athletic Association Football team 1686: 586:, which included ethnological "villages". 7783:Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations 7257:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 6362: 4633:"The World's Columbian Exposition (1893)" 3572:Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth 3559:The Exposition served as the setting for 3422:Although not available for purchase, The 3250:Congress of Mathematicians, precursor to 2995:Contribution to Chicago's nickname, the " 1655:The Transportation Building, designed by 1596:The Administration Building, designed by 985:. The ships were a very popular exhibit. 861:Learn how and when to remove this message 56:Chicago World's Columbian Exposition and 7388:International Congress of Mathematicians 7103: 6880: 6791: 6708: 6649: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 5886: 5880: 5712: 5710: 5392: 5390: 5276:Journal, Barry Adams | Wisconsin State. 5037: 5028: 4976:. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 229–230. 4543:"Letters and Lectures of Captain Little" 4540: 4195: 3378:The Fisheries Building at the Exposition 3316: 3308:performed their magic act at the Midway. 3252:International Congress of Mathematicians 3133: 2968: 2890: 2558: 2413:and early ragtime groups to more formal 2365: 2249: 2172: 2148: 2031: 1997: 1690: 1583: 1575: 1542: 1465: 1412: 1341: 1327:was a detailed, full-scale mockup of an 1164: 1083: 888: 880: 872: 726: 708: 636: 551:and an area around it as the fair site. 456: 437: 426: 402:Chicago had risen from the ashes of the 10319:1890s architecture in the United States 7930:Panama–Pacific International Exposition 7604:Interactive map of Columbian Exposition 7571:at Bureau International des Expositions 7283:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996. 7244:Electricity at the Columbian Exposition 6816:"The Wrigley Spearman at Work and Play" 6091: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6073: 5977: 5975: 5936:The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music 5921:The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music 5655:Electricity at the Columbian Exposition 5469:from the original on September 16, 2017 5264:Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago 5091:Bolotin, Norman, and Christine Laing. 4946: 4903: 4506: 4405: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3860:St. Louis Autumnal Festival Association 3048: 2453:among Americans throughout the country. 1794:After the fair, the White City on fire. 1730: 1602:The Agricultural Building, designed by 1568:to create the Plan of Chicago in 1909. 555:was selected as director of works, and 453:painting of the Administration Building 14: 10296: 7828:World's Fair Prize Winners' Exposition 7678:Photographs of the Exposition from the 7352:. Chicago: Monarch Book Company, 1894. 7025:. E-book, Boston: Beacon Press, 2015, 7014: 7012: 6844:. Wexford House Books. pp. 73–74. 6749:from the original on February 27, 2014 6690:from the original on February 17, 2014 6616: 6614: 6586: 6298:from the original on December 17, 2014 6263: 5716: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5208:. London: Pearson. pp. 508, 510. 5136:from the original on September 4, 2016 5104: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4723:"Arts & Crafts Movement Furniture" 4703:from the original on November 19, 2005 4122:from the original on November 21, 2011 4006: 3978: 2539:Musicologist Anna Morsch and composer 2512:cots on the top floor of the building. 2449:dancers led to increased awareness of 1629:The Electricity Building, designed by 1253:Country and state exhibition buildings 705:Assassination of mayor and end of fair 463:United States House of Representatives 27:1893 world's fair in Chicago, Illinois 9582: 9297: 8077: 8051: 7883:Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition 7735: 7127:. Rochester, Illinois: Legacy Press. 7076: 6908: 6495:from the original on November 9, 2014 6441: 6429: 6368: 6342: 6220:from the original on November 9, 2014 6190:from the original on November 9, 2014 6160:from the original on October 10, 2014 6059: 6029: 6027: 5898:. Taylor & Francis. p. 142. 5717:Cheney, Margaret (November 8, 2011). 5707: 5430:from the original on October 22, 2016 5387: 5356:from the original on January 14, 2016 5314:from the original on October 11, 2018 5203: 5021:. Bernard & Graefe. p. 132. 4845: 4827:from the original on February 5, 2009 4774: 4661: 4600: 4373:"Woman's Club Opposes Sunday Closing" 4277: 4098:, A. L. Stone: Chicago, 1893. p. 306. 4072: 3909:from the original on October 14, 2013 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3485: 3266:First recorded public mention of the 3199:Phosphorescent lamps (a precursor to 3130:Inventions and manufacturing advances 2935:presented a program of German music. 2911:, and many others. American composer 1580:Painting of the Agricultural Building 1337: 629:for the R. T. Davis Milling Company. 386:, and it became a symbol of emerging 9608: 8090:Bureau International des Expositions 8007:Golden Gate International Exposition 7250: 6839: 6557:from the original on August 19, 2017 6525:from the original on August 20, 2017 6408:from the original on January 9, 2017 6070: 5972: 5954:DVOŘÁK AMERICAN HERITAGE ASSOCIATION 5933: 5465:. Staten Island Historical Society. 4863:from the original on August 21, 2016 4729:from the original on August 27, 2005 4339:"To Urge Sunday Opening of the Fair" 4106: 4104: 3953: 3042:Columbian Issue commemorative stamps 3034:United States Post Office Department 2543:presented a program of German music. 1852:National Register of Historic Places 1148:display. There were also birch bark 1032:Although denied a spot at the fair, 799:adding citations to reliable sources 770: 641:An aerial view of the exposition at 493:world's fair in Philadelphia in 1876 10344:Beaux-Arts architecture in Illinois 9266: Postponed to 2021 due to the 8972:British Empire Exhibition 1924–1925 7918:International Mercantile Exposition 7355:Elliott, Maud Howe, 1854–1948, ed. 7214:New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 7009: 6854: 6650:Connolly, Colleen (July 28, 2018). 6611: 6399: 5565: 5275: 5006:. F. Vieweg und sohn. p. 1026. 4947:Carvell, Kenneth L. (August 2007). 4809: 4741: 4643:from the original on April 16, 2009 4196:Bederman, Gail (November 1, 1996). 3741:, whose help they need to save the 3725:attend the Exposition in search of 3498:concerning the competition between 3261:Parliament of the World's Religions 3024:Columbian Exposition quarter dollar 2109:Parliament of the World's Religions 1993: 1805:World's Congress Auxiliary Building 1673:Horticultural Building designed by 1661:The Fisheries Building designed by 1539:Role in the City Beautiful movement 1535:" were inspired by the White City. 1391:Parliament of the World's Religions 63:and administration building in 1893 24: 7855:California's Golden Jubilee (1898) 7663:1893 Columbian Exposition Concerts 7203: 7108:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 6940:A Century of Mathematical Meetings 6840:Hill, Genna (September 24, 2010). 6779:from the original on March 4, 2016 6739:"Commemoratives from 1892 to 1954" 6590:The Library An Illustrated History 6024: 5960:from the original on March 4, 2016 5896:American folklore: an encyclopedia 5793:from the original on June 13, 2010 5773:"Chicago Lights Up Football World" 5578:George Westinghouse: Gentle Genius 5533:from the original on June 16, 2016 5162:from the original on July 19, 2018 4677:from the original on April 1, 2010 4507:Marling, Karal Ann (Autumn 1992). 4039:from the original on June 15, 2013 3941:from the original on July 13, 2017 3872: 3286:first performed at the exposition. 2494:string quartet, just completed in 2091:visited the fair with his friends 1679:Anthropology Building designed by 1571: 1334:, constructed as a naval exhibit. 613:, a painting exhibit by scientist 25: 10370: 7528: 7332:Dybwad, G. L., and Joy V. Bliss, 7212:The Chicago World's Fair of 1893. 7189:, 2014. Video from biography.com. 7058:America's Musical Life: A History 6460:American women artists, 1830–1930 5737:from the original on May 19, 2016 5420:"Sisters And Brothers Of America" 5288:from the original on July 9, 2018 5253:About The Museum – Museum History 4815:"The Viking Shop in Jackson Park" 4406:Sawyers, June (October 9, 1988). 4112:""World's Columbian Exposition", 4101: 3835:St. John Cantius Church (Chicago) 3758:despite being released before it. 3751:Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania 3450: 3013: 2959: 2324:International Electrical Congress 1408: 1239:East Milton Square, Massachusetts 922:George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. 582:. The Midway was inspired by the 9563: 9562: 9552: 9276: 7922:National Conservation Exposition 7575:The 1893 World's Fair in Chicago 7540:World's Columbian Exposition 7403:. Diploma thesis. July 8, 2021. 7187:A&E Television Networks, LLC 7000: 6960: 6920: 6899: 6874: 6848: 6761: 6731: 6702: 6672: 6643: 6580: 6572: 6537: 6393: 6343:Myers, Quinn (October 2, 2019). 6336: 6310: 6284: 5516:The World's Columbian Exposition 5040:The Invention of World Religions 4906:Women's Studies in Communication 4820:. Hyde Park Historical Society. 4541:McEachen, A.D. (February 1972). 4389: 4355: 4321: 4278:Viele, Nico (November 4, 2015). 4260:, p. 53. University of Chicago. 4080:. William B. Conkey Co. p. 4035:. Chicago Public Library. 2009. 3783: 3769: 3754:(2023), which uses footage from 3607:The Exposition is referenced in 3371: 3353: 3336: 3244: 3028:Columbian Exposition half dollar 2278:, polyphase generators, step-up 2199:Thomson-Houston Electric Company 2165:were also minted for the event. 2113:Sisters and Brothers of America! 2111:and delivered his famous speech 2101:Souvenirs d'Amérique et de Grèce 1981: 1969: 1954: 1942: 1930: 1918: 1906: 1894: 1787: 1766: 1737: 1639:The Machinery Hall, designed by 1511:Marshall Field's Wholesale Store 1431:The Great Wharf, Moving Sidewalk 1417:The Great Wharf, Moving Sidewalk 775: 491:The first American attempt at a 390:, much in the same way that the 50: 9023:Bryant Park, New York City 1853 8037:1984 Louisiana World Exposition 7903:Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition 7899:International Mining Exposition 7793:International Cotton Exposition 6318:"Lions | Chicago Park District" 6257: 6053: 5998: 5989: 5942: 5927: 5912: 5814: 5805: 5764: 5758:Nikola Tesla: A Spark of Genius 5749: 5695: 5682: 5660: 5647: 5632: 5600: 5583: 5506: 5481: 5451: 5442: 5412: 5402: 5375:"Falmouth Museums on the Green" 5368: 5338: 5326: 5300: 5269: 5246: 5235: 5222: 5197: 5188: 5174: 5148: 5122: 5113: 5085: 4990: 4940: 4897: 4875: 4839: 4803: 4768: 4715: 4689: 4655: 4625: 4594: 4581: 4572: 4534: 4491: 4478: 4450: 4425: 4399: 4365: 4331: 4297: 4271: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4152: 4143: 4134: 3544:, culminates at the Exposition. 3276: 2895:Woman's Building Lemaire poster 2848: 2131:visited the fair and wrote his 2107:visited the fair to attend the 1809:Field Museum of Natural History 1456: 1436: 1132: 1055:was demonstrated, which used a 786:needs additional citations for 617:, and a statistical exhibit by 584:1889 Paris Universal Exposition 7937:Lincoln Jubilee and Exposition 7123:Petterchak, Janice A. (2003). 7062:. W. W. Norton & Company. 6885:. HarperCollins. p. 273. 6717:. HarperCollins. p. 270. 6240:"U.S. Senate: Abraham Lincoln" 6135:Carr, Carolyn Kinder, et al., 5424:www.swamivivekanandaquotes.org 4949:"Arboreal Mysteries Unraveled" 4918:10.1080/07491409.2002.10162445 4309:The Junction City Weekly Union 4088: 4066: 4051: 4025: 4000: 3929:"World's Columbian Exposition" 3921: 3825:, stereoscopic view concession 3324: 3312: 2887:The Woman's Building (Chicago) 2305:used to power the system. The 2262:and high frequency experiments 2168: 1813:Museum of Science and Industry 1667:Forestry Building designed by 1490:, which, in comparison to the 1283:, where it awaits renovation. 810:"World's Columbian Exposition" 766: 664:The exposition was located in 625:'s portrayal of the character 13: 1: 10349:Festivals established in 1893 10339:Pre-Columbian art exhibitions 7878:Louisiana Purchase Exposition 7820:International Industrial Fair 7698:Shapell Manuscript Foundation 7619:Shapell Manuscript Foundation 7309:Chicago's White City of 1893. 7036: 6944:American Mathematical Society 6820:University of Chicago Library 6369:Opitz, Glenn B., ed. (1984). 5448:BIJYUTSUHIN GAFU vol. 4, 1893 5384:, Falmouth Historical Society 4433:"UChicago College Admissions" 4073:Handy, Moses Purnell (1893). 4062:. August 19, 1892. p. 1. 3549:Expo: Magic of the White City 2417:ensembles to street buskers. 1461: 1449:as well as other plants in a 1174:on display at the exposition. 1038:Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show 363:principles of design, namely 285:Brussels International (1897) 271:Exposition Universelle (1889) 10334:Mesoamerican art exhibitions 10304:World's Columbian Exposition 7967:Pacific Southwest Exposition 7959:California's Diamond Jubilee 7941:Panama–California Exposition 7896:World's Pure Food Exposition 7851:Trans-Mississippi Exposition 7824:World's Columbian Exposition 7559:Resources in other libraries 7313:University Press of Kentucky 7297:New York: Arno Press, 1974. 6375:. New York: Apollo. p. 5831:University of Illinois Press 5823:Black Music Research Journal 5308:"Friends of the Viking Ship" 3849:World's Largest Cedar Bucket 3703:", the third episode of the 3511:1893: A World's Fair Mystery 3424:George Washington University 3215:as a standard for measuring 3207:John T. Shayne & Company 2706: 2393:A paper on African-American 2361: 2144: 1384: 1261:participated by sending the 1021:Also included was the first 632: 298:World's Columbian Exposition 96:World's Columbian Exposition 7: 9323: 7963:Sesquicentennial Exposition 7888:Irish Industrial Exposition 7210:Appelbaum, Stanley (1980). 6322:www.chicagoparkdistrict.com 5488:Willoughby, Martin (1992). 5463:Online Collections Database 5044:University of Chicago Press 4972:Chaim M. Rosenberg (2008). 4756:Chicago's 1893 World's Fair 4437:UChicago College Admissions 4387:– via Newspapers.com 4353:– via Newspapers.com 4319:– via Newspapers.com 4033:"Municipal Flag of Chicago" 3762: 3699:The Exposition appears in " 3527:The Devil in the White City 3284:Benjamin Franklin King, Jr. 3036:produced its first picture 2964: 2582: 2568:American artists exhibiting 2027: 1878:St. John Cantius in Chicago 1716:The Devil in the White City 10: 10375: 10186:South Shore Nature Reserve 8017:1964 New York World's Fair 8002:1939 New York World's Fair 7864:National Export Exposition 7859:Greater America Exposition 7458:Reed, Christopher Robert. 7054:Crawford, Richard (2001). 6743:The United States Mint.gov 6680:"Frederick Jackson Turner" 4761:December 29, 2022, at the 3680:by Illinois native author 2880: 2571: 2274:. The exhibits included a 2163:Columbian Exposition coins 2018:Manliness and Civilization 1887: 1699:'s Transportation Building 1136: 741:Patrick Eugene Prendergast 417: 250:October 30, 1893 29: 18:World Columbian Exposition 10324:1893 in the United States 10279: 9676:Arnita Young Boswell Park 9616: 9548: 9351:Colleges and universities 9331: 9262: 9222: 9151: 9010: 8769: 8701: 8670: 8661: 8534: 8335: 8229: 8099: 8085: 7970:Yorktown Sesquicentennial 7908:Hudson–Fulton Celebration 7773: 7707:October 30, 2014, at the 7554:Resources in your library 7336:. Book Stops Here, 1992. 7238:. New York: Bounty, 1894. 7157:December 4, 2014, at the 7104:Southern, Eileen (1997). 6857:"Peanut butter, anybody?" 6515:"A Visit with Mrs. Potts" 5756:Dommermuth-Costa, Carol. 5670:, March 19, 1919, p. 774 5350:digital.library.upenn.edu 5105:Truman, Benjamin (1893). 5038:Masuzawa, Tomoko (2005). 5017:Hermann Schirmer (1937). 4998:Engineers and engineering 4463:Dictionary.com Unabridged 4247:Rydell, Robert W. (1987). 3813:List of world expositions 3709:Marvel Cinematic Universe 3565:Emma Murdock Van Deventer 3540:, a time travel novel by 3327: 3223:pressurized aerosol spray 2921:Mrs Potts sad-iron system 2899:The women artists at the 2756:Theo Alice Ruggles Kitson 2664:Charles Morgan McIlhenney 2457:Stoughton Musical Society 2429:Other music and musicians 1618:list of largest buildings 1564:of Chicago to commission 1476:neoclassical architecture 1296:United States territories 1129:beer, among many others. 877:The original Ferris Wheel 486:Crystal Palace Exhibition 423:Planning and organization 365:neoclassical architecture 280: 266: 261: 246: 228: 220: 212: 207: 170: 152: 142: 134: 129: 121: 116: 108: 100: 92: 84: 73: 68: 49: 41: 10309:World's fairs in Chicago 10066:Olson Park and Waterfall 7656:August 12, 2015, at the 7597:August 13, 2007, at the 7464:Indiana University Press 7448:. Chicago: Werner, 1894. 7182:. 2014. October 1, 2014. 7106:Music of Black Americans 6883:Ida: A Sword Among Lions 6881:Giddings, Paula (2008). 6713:Ida: A Sword Among Lions 6709:Giddings, Paula (2008). 6545:"Miss Amy Hick's Design" 6519:Costumed Interpretations 5230:Autobiography of an Idea 5228:Sullivan, Louis (1924). 5204:Keene, Jennifer (2013). 4604:The Man Who Stopped Time 4547:Naval War College Review 3865: 3717:(2023). In the episode, 3711:(MCU) television series 3591:, an adventure novel by 3588:The Will of an Eccentric 3347:issued at the Exposition 2979:Frederick Jackson Turner 2915:was commissioned by the 2877:Women artists exhibiting 2787:William Rudolf O'Donovan 2655:Sarah Paxton Ball Dodson 2645:Edwin Howland Blashfield 2526:A Night on Bald Mountain 2356: 2337:played one of the first 2043:, along with her mentor 2014:University of Notre Dame 1860:Brookline, Massachusetts 1821:Art Institute of Chicago 1245:of the Granite Railway. 1104:Arts and Crafts movement 1042:Frederick Jackson Turner 885:An exhibit hall interior 615:George Washington Carver 104:690 acres (280 hectares) 10314:Architecture in Chicago 9143:New York City 1964–1965 9133:San Francisco 1939–1940 9018:New York City 1826–1897 7950:California Liberty Fair 7868:Pan-American Exposition 7808:World Cotton Centennial 7778:American Institute Fair 7681:Hagley Digital Archives 7420:New York: Crown, 2003. 7247:. R.R. Donnelley, 1894. 7241:Barrett, John Patrick, 7019:Trouillot, Michel-Rolph 6622:"Cold Storage Building" 6587:Murray, Stuart (2009). 6324:. Chicago Park District 6264:Tollis, Thayer (2016). 5771:Pruter, Robert (2005). 5676:March 27, 2020, at the 5668:Electrical Experimenter 5519:. Bloomsbury Academic. 5182:"America the Beautiful" 4956:Wonderful West Virginia 4637:The American Experience 4114:Encyclopedia of Chicago 3986:. New York, NY: Crown. 3934:Encyclopædia Britannica 3649:American exceptionalism 3476:Smithsonian Institution 3419:went into circulation. 3389:City Beautiful movement 3221:A first prototype of a 2873:, and Suzuki Chokichi. 2758:(as Theo Alice Ruggles) 2640:Ralph Albert Blakelock 2471:Mormon Tabernacle Choir 2307:rotating magnetic field 1687:Transportation Building 1608:McKim, Mead & White 1553:City Beautiful movement 1186:Smithsonian Institution 1160: 394:became a symbol of the 388:American exceptionalism 234:; 131 years ago 10236:Washington Square Park 10226:Harold Washington Park 10101:Ping Tom Memorial Park 10076:Oscar O. D'Angelo Park 9961:Kenwood Community Park 8693:Johannesburg 1936–1937 7989:Great Lakes Exposition 7915:Admission Day Festival 7634:The Winterthur Library 7364:Green, Christopher T. 6773:National Postal Museum 6060:Mount, May W. (1896). 6006:"The great pipe organ" 5723:. Simon and Schuster. 5490:A History of Postcards 5346:"The Story of My Life" 4058:"Baker Has Resigned". 3676:The young adult novel 3472:Harvard Peabody Museum 3468:Michel-Rolph Trouillot 3365:used at the Exposition 3322: 3282:The poet and humorist 3139: 2974: 2917:Board of Lady Managers 2896: 2773:Helen Farnsworth Mears 2635:Daniel Folger Bigelow 2620:James Carroll Beckwith 2564: 2554: 2405:was read to attendees. 2371: 2347:Mansfield State Normal 2333:Also at the Fair, the 2263: 2240:for chicken eggs, and 2178: 2154: 2153:Ticket for Chicago Day 2061:English teacher named 2037: 2003: 1854:in 1974. The third is 1840:Blue Mounds, Wisconsin 1700: 1643:of Peabody and Stearns 1589: 1581: 1548: 1547:The "Great White City" 1471: 1425:designed by architect 1418: 1354: 1210:type was known as the 1175: 1091: 927: 894: 886: 878: 757:Monsters of the Midway 732: 724: 649: 475:Milo Barnum Richardson 465: 454: 435: 10221:Dinah Washington Park 10191:Stanton-Schiller Park 10051:Northerly Island Park 9078:Portland, Oregon 1905 8734:Taihoku (Taipei) 1935 8012:Century 21 Exposition 7788:Centennial Exposition 7763:List of world's fairs 7520:Three Girls in a Flat 7293:Buel, James William. 7232:Bancroft, Hubert Howe 6970:, p. 118. Routledge. 6966:Talen, Emily (2005). 6801:. September 14, 2018. 5938:. pp. 1047–1053. 5923:. pp. 1011–1023. 5653:John Patrick Barret, 5554:Richard Moran (2007) 5132:. September 1, 2000. 4665:(February 27, 2007). 4601:Clegg, Brian (2007). 4484:Buel, James William. 4377:Chicago Daily Tribune 4343:Chicago Daily Tribune 4060:Chicago Daily Tribune 4007:Larson, Erik (2003). 3902:World Digital Library 3845:World's Largest Stove 3818:List of world's fairs 3611:'s song in his album 3413:the Columbian Theatre 3320: 3137: 3001:Charles Anderson Dana 2972: 2894: 2881:Further information: 2791:Bust of Thomas Eakins 2681:Robert Crannell Minor 2562: 2546:Composer and pianist 2370:Bird's Eye View, 1893 2369: 2253: 2183:Westinghouse Electric 2176: 2152: 2103:(1897) to the visit. 2067:America the Beautiful 2049:Alexander Graham Bell 2035: 2001: 1964:' Columbian Fountain. 1858:, which was moved to 1694: 1588:The Forestry Building 1587: 1579: 1546: 1533:America the Beautiful 1518:Chicago Art Institute 1469: 1416: 1345: 1231:Quincy, Massachusetts 1168: 1087: 1071:Louis Comfort Tiffany 979:Queen Regent of Spain 975:William Eleroy Curtis 892: 884: 876: 753:University of Chicago 730: 712: 640: 572:Rand McNally Building 561:Frederick Law Olmsted 506:William Waldorf Astor 477:, among many others. 460: 441: 430: 353:Frederick Law Olmsted 262:Universal expositions 192:41.79000°N 87.58000°W 10031:Mount Greenwood Park 9926:Indian Boundary Park 9214:Wellington 1939–1940 9073:Charleston 1901–1902 9033:Louisville 1883–1887 8754:Chiang Mai 2011–2012 8621:Chiang Mai 2006–2007 7892:Jamestown Exposition 7839:(Atlanta Exposition) 7718:Field Museum Library 7370:Winterthur Portfolio 7279:Bertuca, David, ed. 7251:Beck, David (2019). 5888:Brunvand, Jan Harold 5860:Terry Waldo (1991). 5576:Quentin R. Skrabec, 5046:. pp. 270–274. 5002:Ludwig Beck (1903). 4777:Winterthur Portfolio 3841:Spectacle Reef Light 3791:Victorian era portal 3580:Wonder of the Worlds 3482:made contributions. 3232:The first practical 3227:Francis Davis Millet 3188:(the squashed penny) 3179:was demonstrated by 3049:Edibles and potables 2999:". Some argue that 2990:Pledge of Allegiance 2817:A. Phimister Proctor 2782:Bust of Walt Whitman 2769:(as Caroline Brooks) 2767:Carol Brooks MacNeil 2691:Harry Humphrey Moore 2480:On August 12, 1893, 2097:Samuel Jean de Pozzi 2054:The Story of My Life 1962:Frederick MacMonnies 1848:Poland Spring, Maine 1844:Maine State Building 1761:replicas from Spain. 1731:Surviving structures 1657:Adler & Sullivan 1647:The Woman's Building 1641:Robert Swain Peabody 1499:Francis Davis Millet 1427:Joseph Lyman Silsbee 1288:Kate McPhelim Cleary 1235:Bunker Hill Monument 1027:Joseph Lyman Silsbee 795:improve this article 739:was assassinated by 695:American Renaissance 691:Francis Davis Millet 659:Chicago Woman's Club 603:Ferdinand Lee Barnet 537:Thomas Barbour Bryan 526:Cyrus McCormick, Jr. 502:Cornelius Vanderbilt 447:Chicago World's Fair 433:Christopher Columbus 314:Christopher Columbus 302:Chicago World's Fair 300:, also known as the 80:Universal exposition 10329:South Side, Chicago 10156:Russell Square Park 9250:Rio de Janeiro 1922 9123:Cleveland 1936–1937 9113:San Diego 1935–1936 9098:San Diego 1915–1917 8688:Kimberley 1892–1893 8611:Haarlemmermeer 2002 8256:Port-au-Prince 1949 7974:Century of Progress 7816:Piedmont Exposition 7803:Southern Exposition 7311:Lexington, KY: The 7077:Earle, Joe (1999). 5950:"Dvořák in America" 5688:Marc Seifer (1996) 5638:Marc Seifer (1996) 5595:Skyhorse Publishing 5589:L. J. Davis (2012) 4893:on January 7, 2009. 4859:. Tribune Company. 4379:. December 11, 1892 4311:. December 17, 1892 4166:on November 9, 2011 3823:Benjamin W. Kilburn 3670:To Chicago and Back 3500:George Westinghouse 3404:in Washington D.C. 3398:Columbia University 3328:Postal memorabilia 3257:Interfaith dialogue 3234:electric automobile 2950:Franklin P. Burnham 2933:Charlotte Sporleder 2907:, Viennese painter 2701:John Singer Sargent 2677:John Harrison Mills 2630:Frank Weston Benson 2610:William Bliss Baker 2590:Adam Emory Albright 2548:Anita Socola Specht 2541:Charlotte Sporleder 2403:Abigail Christensen 2191:War of the currents 2187:alternating current 2138:To Chicago and Back 2089:Pierre de Coubertin 2081:. He departed from 2063:Katharine Lee Bates 2057:. Early in July, a 1801:Palace of Fine Arts 1778:, a replica of the 1713:'s popular history 1625:Solon Spencer Beman 1598:Richard Morris Hunt 1349:image of the Great 1267:, a replica of the 899:area for amusements 737:Carter Harrison Sr. 717:Carter Harrison Sr. 599:Irvine Garland Penn 471:John Whitfield Bunn 197:41.79000; -87.58000 188: / 32:Century of Progress 10284:Beaches in Chicago 9666:Armour Square Park 9636:Addams/Medill Park 9204:Auckland 1913–1914 9048:San Francisco 1894 8709:Calcutta 1883–1884 8539:exhibitions (AIPH) 8251:New York 1939–1940 8206:San Francisco 1915 7407:, Faculty of Arts. 7405:Masaryk University 7163:Redman, Samuel J. 6993:2014-10-30 at the 6656:chicagotribune.com 6550:The New York World 6521:. Ellie Presents. 5380:2009-01-23 at the 5258:2016-04-08 at the 4609:Joseph Henry Press 4345:. January 10, 1893 4256:2014-08-24 at the 3739:Kang the Conqueror 3665:Aleko Konstantinov 3660:by Aden Polydoros. 3657:The City Beautiful 3486:In popular culture 3458:wrote in his 1907 3323: 3181:Whitcomb L. Judson 3140: 3020:United States Mint 2975: 2897: 2812:Katherine Prescott 2803:George D. Peterson 2725:Cyrus Edwin Dallin 2605:William Jacob Baer 2600:Maitland Armstrong 2565: 2501:American composer 2372: 2330:held in his hand. 2328:gas-discharge lamp 2288:synchronous motors 2264: 2179: 2155: 2129:Aleko Konstantinov 2038: 2007:Frank Lloyd Wright 2004: 1876:The main altar at 1701: 1635:Frank Maynard Howe 1590: 1582: 1549: 1472: 1419: 1355: 1338:Guns and artillery 1241:, on the original 1176: 1092: 989:Eadweard Muybridge 905:, concentrated on 895: 887: 879: 733: 725: 655:Frederick Douglass 650: 619:Joan Imogen Howard 591:Frederick Douglass 466: 455: 436: 404:Great Chicago Fire 345:John Wellborn Root 316:'s arrival in the 10291: 10290: 9991:Maggie Daley Park 9921:Independence Park 9786:Davis Square Park 9576: 9575: 9459:Metropolitan area 9291: 9290: 9268:COVID-19 pandemic 9258: 9257: 9245:Buenos Aires 1910 9199:Christchurch 1906 9108:Philadelphia 1926 8518:Buenos Aires 2023 8136:Philadelphia 1876 8079:World exhibitions 8045: 8044: 8032:1982 World's Fair 7998:Pan American Fair 7956:French Exposition 7640:Columbian Theatre 7569:Expo 1893 Chicago 7535:Library resources 7441:978-2-7247-0766-3 7397:Jaegerová, Anna. 7264:978-1-4962-1484-3 7049:About the project 7045:Website main page 6953:978-0-8218-0465-0 6928:Case, Bettye Anne 6892:978-0-06-051921-6 6855:Simpson, Shawne. 6724:978-0-06-051921-6 6604:978-1-60239-706-4 6470:978-0-940979-01-7 6270:www.metmuseum.org 5905:978-0-8153-3350-0 5873:978-0-306-80439-7 5866:. Da Capo Press. 5811:Southern, pg. 283 5730:978-1-4516-7486-6 5620:on March 10, 2017 5526:978-0-313-26644-7 5215:978-0-205-25163-6 5053:978-0-226-50989-1 4983:978-0-7385-2521-1 4849:(June 26, 2008). 4671:The Straight Dope 4618:978-0-309-10112-7 4209:978-0-226-04139-1 3727:Ravonna Renslayer 3640:BioShock Infinite 3626:Ben Ames Williams 3441:1904 World's Fair 3385: 3384: 3201:fluorescent lamps 3093:Pabst Blue Ribbon 2713:Sarah Fisher Ames 2521:Modest Mussorgsky 2388:Sissieretta Jones 2376:John Philip Sousa 2272:polyphase systems 2218:Benjamin Franklin 2105:Swami Vivekananda 2059:Wellesley College 1681:Charles B. Atwood 1675:Jenney and Mundie 1669:Charles B. Atwood 1332:-class battleship 1127:Pabst Blue Ribbon 1049:electrotachyscope 1034:Buffalo Bill Cody 942:Steeplechase Park 871: 870: 863: 845: 682:Charles H. Wacker 553:Daniel H. Burnham 510:Charles T. Yerkes 410:the stars on its 357:Charles B. Atwood 294: 293: 16:(Redirected from 10366: 10359:1893 in Illinois 10354:1890s in Chicago 10201:Sun Yat-Sen Park 10116:Promontory Point 10016:Midway Plaisance 9941:Jesse Owens Park 9841:Forest Glen Park 9610:Parks in Chicago 9603: 9596: 9589: 9580: 9579: 9566: 9565: 9556: 9318: 9311: 9304: 9295: 9294: 9283:World portal 9281: 9280: 9038:New Orleans 1884 8802:London 1871–1874 8668: 8667: 8457:New Orleans 1984 8427:San Antonio 1968 8402:Helsingborg 1955 8072: 8065: 8058: 8049: 8048: 7912:Portolá Festival 7756: 7749: 7742: 7733: 7732: 7462:. 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Boyce 1994:Later criticisms 1985: 1973: 1958: 1949:Midway Plaisance 1946: 1934: 1922: 1910: 1898: 1871:Geneva, Illinois 1867:1893 Viking ship 1791: 1770: 1741: 1357:The German firm 1281:Geneva, Illinois 1209: 1194:steam locomotive 1053:Ottomar Anschütz 938:George C. Tilyou 936:. One attendee, 930: 928:rueda de Chicago 907:Midway Plaisance 866: 859: 855: 852: 846: 844: 803: 779: 771: 749:Midway Plaisance 670:Midway Plaisance 398:United Kingdom. 392:Great Exhibition 330:Washington, D.C. 257: 255: 242: 240: 235: 232:May 1, 1893 203: 202: 200: 199: 198: 193: 189: 186: 185: 184: 181: 161:Midway Plaisance 54: 39: 38: 21: 10374: 10373: 10369: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10363: 10294: 10293: 10292: 10287: 10275: 10271:Wrightwood Park 10231:Washington Park 10196:Strohacker Park 10106:Piotrowski Park 10021:Millennium Park 9966:Kosciuszko Park 9612: 9607: 9577: 9572: 9544: 9356:Community areas 9327: 9322: 9292: 9287: 9275: 9272: Cancelled 9254: 9218: 9147: 9006: 8967:Gothenburg 1923 8947:Kristiania 1914 8832:Copenhagen 1888 8787:Manchester 1857 8765: 8760:Udon Thani 2026 8697: 8663: 8657: 8596:Zoetermeer 1992 8538: 8536: 8530: 8407:Beit Dagan 1956 8339: 8337: 8331: 8233: 8231: 8225: 8103: 8101: 8095: 8081: 8076: 8046: 8041: 7769: 7760: 7709:Wayback Machine 7658:Wayback Machine 7599:Wayback Machine 7565: 7564: 7563: 7543: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7526: 7517:Yandell, Enid. 7451:Peck, Richard, 7431:Ormos, István: 7382:Laird & Lee 7325:Corn, Wanda M. 7307:Burg, David F. 7295:The Magic City. 7265: 7206: 7204:Further reading 7201: 7159:Wayback Machine 7135: 7116: 7089: 7070: 7039: 7034: 7033: 7017: 7010: 7005: 7001: 6995:Wayback Machine 6986: 6982: 6965: 6961: 6954: 6925: 6921: 6915:The Chicago "L" 6913: 6909: 6904: 6900: 6893: 6879: 6875: 6865: 6863: 6853: 6849: 6838: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6814: 6813: 6806: 6797: 6796: 6792: 6782: 6780: 6767: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6725: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6678: 6677: 6673: 6660: 6658: 6648: 6644: 6630: 6628: 6620: 6619: 6612: 6605: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6560: 6558: 6543: 6542: 6538: 6528: 6526: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6498: 6496: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6471: 6452: 6448: 6440: 6436: 6428: 6421: 6411: 6409: 6400:Nichols, K. L. 6398: 6394: 6387: 6367: 6363: 6353: 6351: 6341: 6337: 6327: 6325: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6301: 6299: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6275: 6273: 6262: 6258: 6248: 6246: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6193: 6191: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6134: 6071: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6033: 6032: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5990: 5981: 5980: 5973: 5963: 5961: 5948: 5947: 5943: 5932: 5928: 5917: 5913: 5906: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5863:This is Ragtime 5858: 5854: 5819: 5815: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5780:LA 4 Foundation 5775: 5769: 5765: 5754: 5750: 5740: 5738: 5731: 5715: 5708: 5700: 5696: 5687: 5683: 5678:Wayback Machine 5665: 5661: 5652: 5648: 5637: 5633: 5623: 5621: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5588: 5584: 5580:, pages 135-137 5575: 5566: 5560:Knopf Doubleday 5553: 5546: 5536: 5534: 5527: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5403: 5397:Petterchak 2003 5395: 5388: 5382:Wayback Machine 5373: 5369: 5359: 5357: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5317: 5315: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5274: 5270: 5260:Wayback Machine 5251: 5247: 5240: 5236: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5184:. July 3, 2022. 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5103: 5099: 5090: 5086: 5076: 5074: 5069: 5068: 5061: 5054: 5036: 5029: 5015: 5011: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4970: 4963: 4951: 4945: 4941: 4902: 4898: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4856:Chicago Tribune 4844: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4824: 4817: 4808: 4804: 4783:(2/3): 95–133. 4773: 4769: 4763:Wayback Machine 4753: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4619: 4599: 4595: 4591:, May 10, 1992. 4586: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4523: 4511: 4505: 4501: 4496: 4492: 4483: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4412:Chicago Tribune 4404: 4400: 4388: 4382: 4380: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4354: 4348: 4346: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4288: 4286: 4276: 4272: 4258:Wayback Machine 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4194: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4110: 4109: 4102: 4093: 4089: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3977: 3954: 3944: 3942: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3895: 3894: 3873: 3868: 3800:Signal of Peace 3789: 3784: 3782: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3737:, a variant of 3519:Against the Day 3494:The Current War 3488: 3453: 3379: 3376: 3367: 3366: 3358: 3349: 3348: 3341: 3315: 3279: 3247: 3186:Elongated coins 3165:, or travelator 3159:at the exhibit. 3132: 3051: 3016: 2983:Frontier thesis 2967: 2962: 2945: 2889: 2879: 2871:Namikawa Sōsuke 2851: 2846: 2827:Carl Rohl-Smith 2730:Signal of Peace 2709: 2595:Henry Alexander 2585: 2580: 2572:Main articles: 2570: 2557: 2431: 2382:Joseph Douglass 2364: 2359: 2312:Egg of Columbus 2171: 2147: 2030: 1996: 1989: 1986: 1977: 1974: 1965: 1959: 1950: 1947: 1938: 1935: 1926: 1923: 1914: 1911: 1902: 1899: 1890: 1856:The Dutch House 1795: 1792: 1783: 1771: 1762: 1742: 1733: 1709:As detailed in 1695:Golden Arch at 1689: 1663:Henry Ives Cobb 1631:Henry Van Brunt 1574: 1572:Great buildings 1541: 1464: 1459: 1439: 1411: 1399:Tomoko Masuzawa 1387: 1340: 1255: 1223:Granite Railway 1207: 1163: 1141: 1135: 1096:Kirtland Cutter 1059:to project the 1012:hootchy-kootchy 997:moving pictures 867: 856: 850: 847: 804: 802: 792: 780: 769: 723:later that day. 707: 687:Henry Ives Cobb 635: 557:George R. Davis 451:Brooklyn Museum 425: 420: 253: 251: 238: 236: 233: 196: 194: 190: 187: 182: 179: 177: 175: 174: 88:Historical Expo 64: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10372: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10289: 10288: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10161:Sauganash Park 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9996:Marquette Park 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9936:Jefferson Park 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9866:Gladstone Park 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9821:Edgebrook Park 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9781:Cornell Square 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9736:Blackhawk Park 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9671:Armstrong Park 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9606: 9605: 9598: 9591: 9583: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9570: 9560: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9542: 9537: 9535:Transportation 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9516: 9515: 9508:Public schools 9505: 9504: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9483: 9482: 9481: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9455: 9454: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9433: 9432: 9427: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9391: 9390: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9321: 9320: 9313: 9306: 9298: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9285: 9273: 9270: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9226: 9224: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9189:Melbourne 1888 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9169:Melbourne 1875 9166: 9161: 9159:Melbourne 1866 9155: 9153: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9093:Knoxville 1913 9090: 9085: 9083:Jamestown 1907 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9058:Nashville 1897 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9004: 9002:Stockholm 1943 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8982:Stockholm 1930 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8962:Marseille 1922 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8892:Marseille 1906 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8867:Stockholm 1897 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8842:Frankfurt 1891 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8822:Liverpool 1886 8819: 8817:Amsterdam 1883 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8797:Stockholm 1866 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8773: 8771: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8705: 8703: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8683:Cape Town 1877 8680: 8674: 8672: 8665: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8655: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8601:Stuttgart 1993 8598: 8593: 8588: 8586:Liverpool 1984 8583: 8578: 8576:Amsterdam 1982 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8556:Amsterdam 1972 8553: 8548: 8546:Rotterdam 1960 8542: 8540: 8535:BIE-recognized 8532: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8521: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8472:Vancouver 1986 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8452:Knoxville 1982 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8382:Jerusalem 1953 8379: 8374: 8369: 8367:Stockholm 1949 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8347:Stockholm 1936 8343: 8341: 8336:BIE-recognized 8333: 8332: 8330: 8329: 8322: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8237: 8235: 8230:BIE-recognized 8227: 8226: 8224: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8211:Barcelona 1929 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8176:St. Louis 1904 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8151:Barcelona 1888 8148: 8146:Melbourne 1880 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8107: 8105: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8075: 8074: 8067: 8060: 8052: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7968: 7965: 7960: 7957: 7954: 7951: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7935: 7932: 7927: 7924: 7919: 7916: 7913: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7889: 7886: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7862: 7856: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7840: 7834: 7829: 7826: 7821: 7818: 7813: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7759: 7758: 7751: 7744: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7720: 7711: 7699: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7648: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7625: 7620: 7614: 7606: 7601: 7589: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7562: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7545: 7544: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7529:External links 7527: 7525: 7524: 7515: 7506: 7488: 7474: 7456: 7449: 7443: 7429: 7408: 7395: 7385: 7373: 7362: 7353: 7344: 7330: 7323: 7305: 7291: 7277: 7263: 7248: 7239: 7229: 7222: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7183: 7173: 7168: 7161: 7149: 7146: 7139: 7133: 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(1996). 6919: 6907: 6898: 6891: 6873: 6847: 6832: 6804: 6790: 6760: 6730: 6723: 6701: 6671: 6642: 6610: 6603: 6579: 6567:Newspapers.com 6536: 6506: 6476: 6469: 6446: 6444:, p. 213. 6434: 6432:, p. 215. 6419: 6392: 6385: 6361: 6335: 6309: 6283: 6256: 6231: 6201: 6171: 6141: 6069: 6052: 6023: 6012:. May 12, 2010 6010:Michigan Today 5997: 5988: 5971: 5941: 5926: 5911: 5904: 5879: 5872: 5852: 5839:10.2307/779543 5813: 5804: 5763: 5748: 5729: 5706: 5694: 5681: 5659: 5646: 5631: 5599: 5582: 5564: 5544: 5525: 5505: 5498: 5480: 5450: 5441: 5411: 5401: 5386: 5367: 5337: 5325: 5299: 5268: 5245: 5234: 5221: 5214: 5196: 5187: 5173: 5147: 5121: 5112: 5097: 5084: 5059: 5052: 5027: 5009: 4989: 4982: 4961: 4939: 4912:(2): 173–196. 4896: 4874: 4838: 4811:Nepstad, Peter 4802: 4789:10.1086/694225 4767: 4740: 4714: 4688: 4654: 4624: 4617: 4593: 4580: 4571: 4533: 4499: 4490: 4477: 4449: 4424: 4398: 4364: 4330: 4296: 4270: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4208: 4177: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4100: 4087: 4065: 4050: 4024: 4017: 3999: 3992: 3952: 3920: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3803: 3795: 3794: 3780: 3777:Chicago portal 3764: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3746: 3697: 3696:murder castle. 3685: 3674: 3661: 3652: 3636: 3629: 3618: 3609:Sufjan Stevens 3605: 3596: 3584: 3576: 3568: 3557: 3545: 3535: 3523: 3515: 3507: 3487: 3484: 3452: 3451:Academic views 3449: 3429:Gelman Library 3409:Wamego, Kansas 3383: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3370: 3368: 3360: 3359: 3352: 3350: 3343: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3329: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3298: 3287: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3271: 3254: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3236:, invented by 3230: 3219: 3210: 3204: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3183: 3173: 3166: 3163:Moving walkway 3160: 3147:, unveiled by 3131: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3119:Vienna Sausage 3116: 3110: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3088:Shredded Wheat 3085: 3080: 3074: 3071:Milton Hershey 3068: 3057: 3055:Cream of Wheat 3050: 3047: 3046: 3045: 3030: 3015: 3014:Commemorations 3012: 3011: 3010: 2993: 2986: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2960:Notable firsts 2958: 2944: 2941: 2925:Ami Mali Hicks 2878: 2875: 2863:Miyagawa Kozan 2850: 2847: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2837:Douglas Tilden 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2807:Preston Powers 2804: 2801: 2798: 2793: 2784: 2775: 2770: 2764: 2759: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2736:Charles Grafly 2733: 2722: 2716: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2569: 2566: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2544: 2537: 2530: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2499: 2482:Antonín Dvořák 2478: 2475:Utah Territory 2467: 2460: 2454: 2451:Hawaiian music 2443: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2407: 2406: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2341:games against 2339:night football 2315:that used the 2207:direct current 2170: 2167: 2146: 2143: 2029: 2026: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1968: 1966: 1960: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1786: 1784: 1772: 1765: 1763: 1743: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1704:Louis Sullivan 1697:Louis Sullivan 1688: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1649:, designed by 1644: 1637: 1627: 1621: 1614:George B. Post 1610: 1600: 1573: 1570: 1566:Daniel Burnham 1562:Merchants Club 1540: 1537: 1507:spray painting 1480:The White City 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1438: 1435: 1423:moving walkway 1410: 1409:Moving walkway 1407: 1395:Eric J. Sharpe 1386: 1383: 1375:John Schofield 1339: 1336: 1273:Atlantic Ocean 1254: 1251: 1233:, so that the 1227:common carrier 1190:Washington, DC 1162: 1159: 1134: 1131: 1123:Shredded Wheat 1115:Cream of Wheat 1100:Idaho Building 1089:Idaho Building 1075:Tiffany Chapel 1023:moving walkway 1010:known as the " 869: 868: 783: 781: 774: 768: 765: 706: 703: 647:F.A. Brockhaus 645:in a print by 634: 631: 576:G. Brown Goode 522:Gustavus Swift 514:Marshall Field 424: 421: 419: 416: 412:municipal flag 349:Daniel Burnham 292: 291: 282: 278: 277: 268: 264: 263: 259: 258: 248: 244: 243: 230: 226: 225: 222: 218: 217: 214: 210: 209: 205: 204: 172: 168: 167: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 117:Participant(s) 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 78: 71: 70: 66: 65: 55: 47: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10371: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10286: 10285: 10278: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10266:Winnemac Park 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10256:Wildwood Park 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10096:Peterson Park 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10026:Monument Park 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10011:McKinley Park 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9916:Humboldt Park 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9906:Holstein Park 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9896:Harrison Park 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9886:Hamilton Park 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9861:Garfield Park 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9836:Fernwood Park 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9796:Douglass Park 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9776:Columbus Park 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9756:Brighton Park 9754: 9752: 9751:Brainerd Park 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9716:Bessemer Park 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9706:Avondale Park 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9651:Amundsen Park 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9618: 9615: 9611: 9604: 9599: 9597: 9592: 9590: 9585: 9584: 9581: 9569: 9561: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9547: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9509: 9506: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9487: 9484: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9469:Neighborhoods 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9389: 9386: 9385: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9319: 9314: 9312: 9307: 9305: 9300: 9299: 9296: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9265: 9264: 9261: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9235:Santiago 1875 9233: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9223:South America 9221: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9184:Adelaide 1887 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9174:Brisbane 1876 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011:North America 9009: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8907:Zaragoza 1908 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8749:Shenyang 2006 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8729:Hangzhou 1929 8727: 8725: 8724:Semarang 1914 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8700: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8678:Freetown 1865 8676: 8675: 8673: 8669: 8666: 8660: 8654: 8653: 8652:Yokohama 2027 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8571:Montreal 1980 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8537:horticultural 8533: 8527: 8526: 8525:Belgrade 2027 8522: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8502:Zaragoza 2008 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8477:Brisbane 1988 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8432:Budapest 1971 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8352:Helsinki 1938 8350: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8323: 8321: 8320: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8303:Shanghai 2010 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8293:Hannover 2000 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8271:Montreal 1967 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8261:Brussels 1958 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8241:Brussels 1935 8239: 8238: 8236: 8228: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8191:Brussels 1910 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8166:Brussels 1897 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8100:Retroactively 8098: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8084: 8080: 8073: 8068: 8066: 8061: 8059: 8054: 8053: 8050: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8022:HemisFair '68 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7958: 7955: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7841: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7767:United States 7764: 7757: 7752: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7738: 7737: 7734: 7728: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7641: 7638: 7635: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7611:Illinois Bell 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7596: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7576: 7573: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7505: 7504:0-252-06784-3 7501: 7497: 7496: 7492: 7491:Wells, Ida B. 7489: 7487: 7486:0-937311-02-2 7483: 7479: 7475: 7473: 7472:0-253-21535-8 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7427: 7426:0-375-72560-1 7423: 7419: 7417: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7393: 7389: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7345: 7343: 7342:0-9631612-0-2 7339: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7322: 7321:0-8131-0140-9 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7304: 7303:0-405-06364-4 7300: 7296: 7292: 7290: 7289:0-313-26644-1 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7240: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7227: 7224:Arnold, C.D. 7223: 7221: 7220:0-486-23990-X 7217: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7197: 7194: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7143:Slavic Review 7140: 7136: 7134:0-9653198-7-3 7130: 7126: 7121: 7117: 7115:0-393-03843-2 7111: 7107: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7088:1-874780-13-7 7084: 7080: 7075: 7071: 7069:0-393-04810-1 7065: 7060: 7059: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7015: 7013: 7003: 6996: 6992: 6989: 6984: 6977: 6976:0-415-70133-3 6973: 6969: 6963: 6955: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917:by Greg Borzo 6916: 6911: 6902: 6894: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6862: 6858: 6851: 6843: 6836: 6821: 6817: 6811: 6809: 6800: 6794: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6764: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6734: 6726: 6720: 6715: 6714: 6705: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6668: 6657: 6653: 6646: 6639: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6615: 6606: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6583: 6575: 6568: 6556: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6540: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6480: 6472: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6455:Eleanor Tufts 6450: 6443: 6438: 6431: 6426: 6424: 6407: 6403: 6396: 6388: 6386:0-938290-03-7 6382: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6365: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6323: 6319: 6313: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6271: 6267: 6260: 6245: 6241: 6235: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6138: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6074: 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The Author. 6065: 6064: 6056: 6040: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5992: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5937: 5930: 5922: 5915: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5875: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5817: 5808: 5797:September 12, 5789: 5785: 5781: 5774: 5767: 5760:. p. 90. 5759: 5752: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5713: 5711: 5704: 5698: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5663: 5656: 5650: 5643: 5642: 5635: 5624:September 18, 5619: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5603: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5549: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5518: 5517: 5509: 5501: 5499:1-85891-162-1 5495: 5491: 5484: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5445: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5405: 5398: 5393: 5391: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5371: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5334: 5329: 5313: 5309: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5238: 5231: 5225: 5217: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5191: 5183: 5177: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5116: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5088: 5077:September 25, 5072: 5066: 5064: 5055: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5034: 5032: 5024: 5020: 5013: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4985: 4979: 4975: 4968: 4966: 4957: 4950: 4943: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4900: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4862: 4858: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4823: 4816: 4812: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4771: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4733:September 13, 4728: 4724: 4718: 4707:September 13, 4702: 4698: 4692: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4642: 4639:. PBS. 1999. 4638: 4634: 4628: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4597: 4590: 4584: 4575: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4521: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4494: 4487: 4481: 4466:(Online). n.d 4465: 4464: 4459: 4453: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4392: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4358: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4324: 4310: 4306: 4300: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4267: 4266:0-226-73240-1 4263: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4211: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4146: 4137: 4121: 4117: 4115: 4107: 4105: 4097: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4069: 4061: 4054: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4020: 4018:0-609-60844-4 4014: 4010: 4003: 3995: 3993:0-609-60844-4 3989: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3924: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3871: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3781: 3778: 3767: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3735:Victor Timely 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3705:second season 3702: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3561:Against Odds, 3558: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3504:Thomas Edison 3501: 3497: 3495: 3490: 3489: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3448: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3402:National Mall 3399: 3394: 3390: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3339: 3334: 3333: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3307: 3303: 3302:Harry Houdini 3299: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3245:Organizations 3239: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3157:Anne Sullivan 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3098:Peanut butter 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3065:Bertha Palmer 3062: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2940: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2843: 2842:Luella Varney 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2796:Bessie Potter 2794: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2778:Samuel Murray 2776: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2751:Edward Kemeys 2749: 2746: 2745:Mary Lawrence 2743: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2727:, sculptor – 2726: 2723: 2720: 2719:John J. Boyle 2717: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2686:Louis Moeller 2684: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2668:Gari Melchers 2666: 2663: 2661: 2660:Thomas Eakins 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2615:Cecilia Beaux 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2561: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2534:Clarence Eddy 2531: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2368: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230:search lights 2227: 2223: 2222:Thomas Edison 2219: 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Chicago: 4867:January 24, 4831:January 24, 4383:January 10, 4349:January 10, 4315:January 10, 3593:Jules Verne 3563:a novel by 3542:Rysa Walker 3456:Henry Adams 3313:Later years 3123:Vienna Beef 3107:Nancy Green 3103:Aunt Jemima 3083:Quaker Oats 3077:Juicy Fruit 2954:fire museum 2905:Anna Lownes 2867:Yabu Meizan 2832:Lorado Taft 2822:John Rogers 2800:Peter Moran 2445:A group of 2276:switchboard 2236:, electric 2234:seismograph 2226:kinetoscope 2169:Electricity 1752:Santa María 1711:Erik Larson 1522:Lorado Taft 1520:instructor 1381:howitzers. 1379:Dicke Berta 1139:Ernest Volk 1111:Juicy Fruit 1008:belly dance 970:Santa María 959:Santa Clara 957:(real name 920:, built by 767:Attractions 668:and on the 627:Aunt Jemima 623:Nancy Green 580:Smithsonian 195: / 171:Coordinates 10298:Categories 10282:See also: 10246:White Park 10206:Union Park 10181:Smith Park 10166:Shedd Park 10146:Rowan Park 10136:River Park 10061:Ogden Park 9911:Hoyne Park 9901:Hayes Park 9881:Grant Park 9876:Grand Park 9831:Ellis Park 9741:Boyce Park 9631:Adams Park 9452:Newspapers 9442:Literature 9410:Government 9240:Quito 1909 9103:Bronx 1918 9063:Omaha 1898 8992:Porto 1934 8987:Paris 1931 8952:Malmö 1914 8792:Porto 1865 8744:Clark 1998 8714:Hanoi 1902 8664:recognized 8626:Venlo 2012 8591:Osaka 1990 8551:Paris 1969 8507:Yeosu 2012 8487:Genoa 1992 8417:Turin 1961 8397:Turin 1955 8377:Lille 1951 8362:Paris 1947 8357:Liège 1939 8319:Osaka 2025 8313:Dubai 2020 8308:Milan 2015 8298:Aichi 2005 8276:Osaka 1970 8246:Paris 1937 8201:Ghent 1913 8196:Turin 1911 8186:Milan 1906 8181:Liège 1905 8171:Paris 1900 8156:Paris 1889 8141:Paris 1878 8126:Paris 1867 8116:Paris 1855 8102:recognized 7842:Irish Fair 7273:1100071235 7037:References 6561:August 19, 6442:Earle 1999 6430:Earle 1999 6412:January 9, 5692:, page 120 5473:January 6, 5360:January 3, 5166:August 20, 5140:August 19, 4887:Lopers.net 4522:(4): 13–30 4305:"Thursday" 4289:August 31, 3854:Fairy lamp 3743:multiverse 3633:Poptropica 3480:Franz Boas 3393:Olmstedian 3213:Clark cell 3170:third rail 3151:, who met 2997:Windy City 2747:, sculptor 2715:, sculptor 2464:eisteddfod 2462:The first 2434:The first 2395:spirituals 2343:West Point 2303:generators 2297:including 2242:Morse code 2238:incubators 2133:nonfiction 1817:Grant Park 1470:White City 1462:White City 1451:greenhouse 1304:New Mexico 1137:See also: 1094:Architect 967:, and the 851:April 2019 821:newspapers 761:alma mater 699:Beaux-Arts 530:Lyman Gage 482:Gilded Age 361:Beaux-Arts 254:1893-10-30 239:1893-05-01 183:87°34′48″W 180:41°47′24″N 112:27,300,000 10151:Riis Park 9856:Gage Park 9721:Bell Park 9496:musicians 9437:Landmarks 9405:Geography 9388:companies 9230:Lima 1872 8932:Lyon 1914 8877:Cork 1902 8852:Lyon 1894 8807:Lyon 1872 8646:Doha 2023 8387:Rome 1953 8372:Lyon 1949 8232:Universal 7466:, 2000. 7180:Biography 6783:March 27, 6694:March 27, 6661:April 12, 6631:April 12, 6349:WTTW News 5562:, page 97 4934:144977109 4926:0749-1409 4797:166160942 4765:, page 21 4526:April 16, 3807:Kwanusila 3622:Owen Glen 3538:Timebound 3461:Education 3437:St. Louis 3300:Magician 3038:postcards 2903:included 2859:cloisonné 2855:porcelain 2707:Sculptors 2503:Amy Beach 2415:classical 2362:Musicians 2317:two-phase 2245:telegraph 2145:Souvenirs 2125:Bulgarian 1503:whitewash 1492:tenements 1389:The 1893 1385:Religions 1364:long tons 1181:John Bull 1171:John Bull 1154:Penobscot 911:sideshows 903:Sol Bloom 674:Hyde Park 633:Operation 334:St. Louis 318:New World 122:Countries 9626:Ada Park 9568:Category 9430:timeline 9425:politics 8662:Not BIE- 8027:Expo '74 7705:Archived 7654:Archived 7595:Archived 7315:, 1976. 7155:Archived 7097:42476594 6991:Archived 6825:June 19, 6777:Archived 6747:Archived 6688:Archived 6638:patrons. 6555:Archived 6523:Archived 6493:Archived 6406:Archived 6296:Archived 6218:Archived 6188:Archived 6158:Archived 6039:Geneanet 5958:Archived 5890:(1998). 5788:Archived 5735:Archived 5674:Archived 5531:Archived 5467:Archived 5428:Archived 5378:Archived 5354:Archived 5312:Archived 5286:Archived 5256:Archived 5160:Archived 5134:Archived 4861:Archived 4822:Archived 4759:Archived 4727:Archived 4701:Archived 4675:Archived 4641:Archived 4559:44639691 4458:"midway" 4254:Archived 4215:July 30, 4120:Archived 4043:March 4, 4037:Archived 3982:(2003). 3939:Archived 3913:July 17, 3907:Archived 3905:. 1893. 3763:See also 3645:Columbia 3614:Illinois 3601:Timeless 3439:for the 3363:postmark 3306:Theodore 2965:Concepts 2721:sculptor 2583:Painters 2491:American 2411:minstrel 2301:and the 2201:to form 2185:and the 2159:hand fan 2047:and Dr. 2028:Visitors 1803:and the 1353:Building 1324:Illinois 1308:Oklahoma 1212:Columbia 1061:illusion 701:styles. 678:Woodlawn 308:held in 304:, was a 289:Brussels 267:Previous 208:Timeline 130:Location 109:Visitors 85:Category 69:Overview 10081:Oz Park 9530:Tourism 9501:theater 9464:Museums 9420:History 9383:Economy 9373:Culture 9346:Climate 9341:Beaches 9325:Chicago 9152:Oceania 7765:in the 7725:at the 6686:. 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