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government to reserve public lands, to protect their "value to posterity". He described the "sublime" and "stately" landscape, emphasizing that the value of the landscape was not in any one individual waterfall, cliff, or tree, but in the "miles of scenery where cliffs of awful height and rocks of vast magnitude and of varied and exquisite coloring, are banked and fringed and draped and shadowed by the tender foliage of noble and lovely trees and bushes, reflected from the most placid pools, and associated with the most tranquil meadows, the most playful streams, and every variety of soft and peaceful pastoral beauty".
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434:, on April 26, 1822. His father, John Olmsted, was a prosperous merchant who took a lively interest in nature, people, and places; Frederick Law and his younger brother, John Hull Olmsted, also showed this interest. His mother, Charlotte Law (née Hull) Olmsted, died from an overdose before his fourth birthday in 1826. His father remarried in 1827 to Mary Ann Bull, who shared her husband's strong love of nature and had perhaps a more cultivated taste. Their children were Charlotte, Mary, Owen, Bertha, Ada, and Albert Olmsted. The
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sore mental state ... He works like a dog all day and sits up nearly all night ... works with steady, feverish intensity till four in the morning, sleeps on a sofa in his clothes, and breakfasts on strong coffee and pickles!!!" His overwork and lack of sleep led to his being in a perpetual state of irritability, which wore on the people with whom he worked: "Exhausted, ill and having lost the support of the men who put him in charge, Olmsted resigned on Sept. 1, 1863." Yet within a month he was on his way to
California.
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had about the standard of living of a New York City policeman, but the proportion of the free white men who were as well-off as a
Northern working man was small. Slavery meant that 'the proportion of men improving their condition was much less than in any Northern community; and that the natural resources of the land were strangely unused, or were used with poor economy.'
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whole space is enhanced; concealment of design, design that does not call attention to itself; design that works on the unconscious to produce relaxation; and utility or purpose over ornamentation. A bridge, a pathway, a tree, a pasture: any and all elements are brought together to produce a particular effect.
1084:(MOLLUS) on May 2, 1888, and was assigned insignia number 6345. Olmsted's election to MOLLUS is significant in that he was one of the few civilians elected to membership in an organization composed almost exclusively of military officers and their descendants. In 1891 he joined the Connecticut Society of the
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as that very uniqueness would draw attention to itself where the intention is to enable relaxation: utility above all else was an objective. Separation applied to areas designed in different styles and different uses enhancing safety and reducing distraction. A key feature of
Central Park is the use of
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was renovated into a brick structure that is described as one of the notable mansions of the area. At the time of the renovation, the mature landscape plan for the residence was not altered. A widening of Spring Valley Road during the late twentieth century did eliminate some
Olmsted landscaping that
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He argued that slavery had made the slave states inefficient (a set amount of work took 4 times as long in
Virginia as in the North) and backward both economically and socially. He said that the profits of slavery were enjoyed by no more than 8,000 owners of large plantations; a somewhat larger group
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said of him, "He paints with lakes and wooded slopes; with lawns and banks and forest-covered hills; with mountainsides and ocean views ... " His work, especially in
Central Park, set a standard of excellence that continues to influence landscape architecture in the United States. He was an early and
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in New Jersey. He is a descendant of a Dutch physician who settled in
Manhattan in 1700 and whose family members became prominent property owners in the city and various other locations. Initially, that country estate was one of several self-sufficient retreats from Manhattan held by the family that
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My own observation of the real condition of the people of our Slave States, gave me ... an impression that the cotton monopoly in some way did them more harm than good; and although the written narration of what I saw was not intended to set this forth, upon reviewing it for the present publication,
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Affluent New
Yorkers, who rarely walked through the park, mixed with the less well-to-do in the Terrace areas, and all enjoyed an escape from the hustle and bustle of the surrounding city. However, the most wealthy among them employed the firm to landscape their country estates in a similar fashion
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Subordination strove to use all objects and features in the service of the design and its intended effect. It can be seen in the subtle use of naturally occurring plants throughout the park. Non-native species planted for the sake of their own uniqueness was seen as defeating the purpose of design,
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Drawing influences from
English landscape and gardening, Olmsted emphasized design that encourages the full use of the naturally occurring features of a given space, its "genius"; the subordination of individual details to the whole so that decorative elements do not take precedence, but rather the
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He worked for the
Sanitary Commission to the point of exhaustion: "Part of the problem was his need to maintain control over all aspects of the commission's work. He refused to delegate and he had an appetite for authority and power." By January 1863 a friend wrote: "Olmsted is in an unhappy, sick,
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The design of Central Park embodies Olmsted's social consciousness and commitment to egalitarian ideals. Influenced by Downing and his observations regarding social class in England, China, and the American South, Olmsted believed that the common green space must always be equally accessible to all
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among others. Vaux had invited the less experienced Olmsted to participate in the design competition with him, having been impressed with Olmsted's theories and political contacts. Prior to this, in contrast with the more experienced Vaux, Olmsted had never designed or executed a landscape design.
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Olmsted designed primarily in pastoral and picturesque styles, each to achieve a particular effect. The pastoral style featured vast expanses of green with small lakes, trees, and groves and produced a soothing, restorative effect on the viewer. The picturesque style covered rocky, broken terrain
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Olmsted conceived of entire systems of parks and interconnecting parkways to connect certain cities to green spaces. Some of the best examples of the scale on which he worked are the park system designed for Buffalo, one of the largest projects; the system he designed for Milwaukee, and the park
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and Mariposa Big Tree Grove as public reserves. This was the first land set aside by Congress for public use. Olmsted served a one-year appointment on the Board of Commissioner of the state reserve, and his 1865 report to Congress on the board's recommendations laid an ethical framework for the
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Scenery was designed to enhance the sense of space: indistinct boundaries using plants, brush, and trees as opposed to sharp ones; the interplay of light and shadow close up, and blurred detail farther away. He employed a vast expanse of greenery at the end of which would lie a grove of yellow
1021:, in 1905, creating a series of connecting parkways between existing parks and suggesting improvements to those parks. The oldest of these parks, Deering Oaks, had been designed by City Engineer William Goodwin in 1879 but is today frequently described as a Frederick Law Olmsted-designed park.
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The citizens of the cotton States, as a whole, are poor. They work little, and that little, badly; they earn little, they sell little; they buy little, and they have little – very little – of the common comforts and consolations of civilized life. Their destitution is not material only; it is
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Cf. Wilson, p. 220. "At the beginning of the Civil War, it was suggested by Olmsted's English publisher that a one-volume abridgment of all three of these books would be of interest to the British public, and Olmsted, then busy with Central Park, arranged to have this condensation made by an
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included a cascading bank of native ferns lining a roadside stretch of the property that extended along the road from Blackberry Lane to the eponymous van Beuren Road that divided the family property from its northern boundary to its southern boundary at Blue Mill Road.
2350:"But who knew that the travel writings of Frederick Law Olmsted, who was much more famous as the designer of Central Park in New York, or the poet, John T. Trowbridge, provided such vivid depictions of slavery and the ruined South both before and after the war?"
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citizens, and was to be defended against private encroachment. This principle is now fundamental to the idea of a "public park", but was not assumed as necessary then. Olmsted's tenure as Central Park commissioner was a long struggle to preserve that idea.
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included a supporting farm for produce, livestock, and a livery as well as several houses for permanent staff. The estate later became a more permanent residence as van Beuren's career shifted to founding a hospital in the growing
220:. He headed the preeminent landscape architecture and planning consultancy of late 19th century United States, which was carried on and expanded by his sons, Frederick Jr. and John C., under the name
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weakened his eyes, so he abandoned college plans. After working as an apprentice seaman, merchant, and journalist, he settled on a 125 acres (51 ha) farm in January 1848 on the south shore of
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He thought that the lack of a Southern white middle class and the general poverty of lower-class whites prevented the development of many civil amenities that were taken for granted in the North.
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Journeys and explorations in the cotton kingdom. A traveller's observations on cotton and slavery in the American slave states. Based upon three former volumes of journeys and investigations ...
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was announced in 1858 as the winning design. On his return from the South, Olmsted began executing their plan almost immediately. Olmsted and Vaux continued their informal partnership to design
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in the United States. An expert on California, he was likely one of the gentlemen "of fortune, of taste and of refinement" who proposed, through Senator John Conness, that Congress designate
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This book is an abridgment of "his three earlier volumes, 'A Journey in the Seaboard States' (1856), 'A Journey Through Texas' (1857) and 'A Journey in the Back Country' (1860)."
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The Cotton Kingdom: A Traveller's Observations on Cotton and Slavery in the American Slave States. Based upon Three Former Volumes of Journeys and Investigations by the Same Author
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1017:. The firm lasted until 1980. Many works by the Olmsted sons are mistakenly credited to Frederick Law Olmsted today. For instance, the Olmsted Brothers firm did a park plan for
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To this, he wrote a new introduction (on "The Present Crisis"). He stated his views on the effect of slavery on the economy and social conditions of the southern states:
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1265:"F. L. Olmsted is Dead; End Comes to Great Landscape Architect at Waverly, Mass. Designer of Central and Prospect Parks and Other Famous Garden Spots of American Cities"
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The Cotton Kingdom: A Traveller's Observations on Cotton and Slavery in the American Slave States. Based Upon Three Former Volumes of Journeys and Investigations
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teeming with shrubs and creepers, to express nature's richness. The picturesque style played with light and shade to lend the landscape a sense of mystery.
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poplar; a path that winds through a bit of landscape and intersects with others, dividing the terrain into triangular islands of successive new views.
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from 1865 to 1873. That was followed by other projects. Vaux remained in the shadow of Olmsted's grand public personality and social connections.
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which traverse the park and are specifically dedicated to vehicles as opposed to the winding pathways designated specifically for pedestrians.
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Olmsted and Vaux in 1863 adopted "landscape architect" as a professional title and used it to describe their work for the planning of urban
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The New Jersey residence of Jessica M. and Frederic T. van Beuren Jr. includes some of the Olmsted landscape design for the entire estate.
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Olmsted had a significant career in journalism. In 1850 he traveled to England to visit public gardens, where he was greatly impressed by
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Other projects that Olmsted was involved in include the country's first and oldest coordinated system of public parks and parkways in
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In recognition of his services during the Civil War, Olmsted was elected a Third Class member of the Massachusetts Commandery of the
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The quality of Olmsted's landscape architecture was recognized by his contemporaries, who showered him with prestigious commissions.
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in 1852. This supported his getting additional work. His visit to Birkenhead Park inspired his later contribution to the design of
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2071:, Charleston, South Carolina, Arcadia Press presented at Owners of mansions in Morristown, Madison, and the surrounding area in
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Carla Yanni, The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States, University of Minnesota Press, 2007, pp. 127–139.
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971:, threatened with industrialization by the building of electrical power plants. At the same time, he campaigned to preserve the
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intellectual and it is moral ... They were neither generous nor hospitable and their talk was not that of evenly courageous men.
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Frederick and Mary also had two children together who survived infancy: a daughter, Marion (born October 28, 1861), and a son
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1928:"Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site—Massachusetts Conservation: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary"
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Olmsted was also known to oppose park projects on conservationist grounds. In 1891, Olmsted refused to develop a plan for
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1386:"The Olmsted Family | Articles and Essays | Frederick Law Olmsted Papers | Digital Collections | Library of Congress"
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On June 13, 1859, Olmsted married Mary Cleveland (Perkins) Olmsted, the widow of his brother John, who died in 1857.
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In 1861, Olmsted took leave as director of Central Park to work in Washington, D.C., as Executive Secretary of the
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by right of his descent from his grandfather Benjamin Olmsted who served in the 4th Connecticut Regiment in 1775.
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1077:(born July 24, 1870). Their first child, John Theodore Olmsted, was born on June 13, 1860, and died in infancy.
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In 1865, he and Vaux formed Olmsted, Vaux & Co. When Olmsted returned to New York, he and Vaux designed
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Robert Twombly, ed. (2010): "Frederick Law Olmsted: Essential Texts", W. W. Norton & Company, New York.
2336:, New York: Oxford University Press. Chapter VI is titled "Northerners in the South: Frederick L. Olmsted,
2018:
The Professional Practice of Landscape Architecture: A Complete Guide to Starting and Running Your Own Firm
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Yearbook of the Connecticut Society of the Sons of the American Revolution 1897, 1898 & 1899, p. 587.
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in upstate New York. He was one of the founders of the American Society of Landscape Architects in 1898.
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In 1883, Olmsted established what is considered to be the first full-time landscape architecture firm in
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in the United States. Olmsted was famous for co-designing many well-known urban parks with his partner
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A Journey through Texas, or, A saddle-trip on the southwestern frontier: with a statistical appendix
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for two years and as an agent with Dix, Edwards and Co., before the company's insolvency during the
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These are considered vivid first-person accounts of the antebellum South. A one-volume abridgment,
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1965:
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The Cotton Kingdom: A Traveller's Observations on Cotton and Slavery in the American Slave States
1997:
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In 1865, he was appointed to the first board of commissioners for managing the newly established
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magazine. A friend and mentor to Olmsted, Downing introduced him to the English-born architect
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anti-slavery writer from North Carolina. Olmsted himself contributed to a new introduction on
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A Clearing in the Distance: Frederick Law Olmsted and North America in the Nineteenth Century
2016:
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1903:"Hundreds Celebrate Completion of Facelift to Yosemite's Dramatic Olmsted Point Overlook"
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A Clearing in the Distance: Frederick Law Olmsted and America in the Nineteenth Century,
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1070:(born 1852), Charlotte Olmsted (born 1855), and Owen Frederick Olmsted (born 1857).
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by Frederick Law Olmsted; edited, with an introduction, by Arthur M. Schlesinger".
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The Olmsted Center located in Queens, NY pays an homage to Frederick Law Olmsted.
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860:, which was one of only four completed Olmsted-designed park systems in the world.
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585:. Olmsted provided financial support for, and occasionally wrote for, the magazine
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by Frederick Law Olmsted; edited, with an introduction by Arthur M. Schlesinger".
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Martin, John Stuart (October 1964). "He Paints With Lakes And Wooded Slopes ...".
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2478:"Yosemite Valley" and the "Mariposa Big Tree Grove" in the Statutes of California
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1100:
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960:
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684:, Olmsted and Vaux entered the Central Park design competition together, against
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Frederick Law Olmsted, "The Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Tree Grove".
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Between his travels in Europe and the South, Olmsted served as an editor for
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in New York City, which led to many other urban park designs. These included
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A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States; With Remarks on Their Economy (1856)
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in Hartford, Connecticut; Waterbury Hospital in Waterbury, Connecticut; the
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In the 1880s, he was active in efforts to conserve the natural wonders of
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In 1863, Olmsted went west to become the manager of the newly established
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Robert Muccigrosso, ed., Research Guide to American Historical Biography.
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1806:"Through photographs, history of 'Hudson River State Hospital' unveiled"
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He helped to recruit and outfit three African-American regiments of the
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2181:. The American Social Experience. New York: New York University Press.
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Olmsted and Yosemite: Civil War, Abolition, and The National Park Idea
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Olmsted's America: An "Unpractical" Man and His Vision of Civilization
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Beveridge, Charles E., ed., Lauren Meier, ed., and Irene Mills, ed.
546:(1861), was published in England during the first six months of the
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2333:
Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War
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457:. His father helped him acquire this farm, and he renamed it from
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184:, and public administrator. He is considered to be the father of
2369:. Amherst, Massachusetts: Library of American Landscape History
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in his former home. Olmsted is known as the "father of American
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University Park–Emory Highlands–Emory Estates Historic District
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2390:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015. xvi, 429 pp.
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For a list of Olmsted-designed parks in Buffalo, New York, see
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252:
1849:
Frederick Law Olmsted and the American Environmental Tradition
1829:
Laura Wood Roper. "FLO: A Biography of Frederick Law Olmsted".
1771:"Yosemite History: Frederick Law Olmsted, Landscape Architect"
176:(April 26, 1822 – August 28, 1903) was an American
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662:, was one of the first to propose developing New York City's
520:
439:
239:; one of the first planned communities in the United States,
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Olmsted in Seattle: Creating a Park System for a Modern City
505:
Interested in the slave economy, he was commissioned by the
2090:"Baby giraffe at Seneca Park Zoo named after park designer"
2014:
1252:
A celebration of the life and work of Frederick Law Olmsted
732:, he headed the medical effort for the sick and wounded at
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2150:
Spying on the South: An Odyssey Across the American Divide
1013:, continued the work of their firm, doing business as the
1757:
The Call of Gold: True Tales on the Gold Road to Yosemite
900:. In 1871, Olmsted and Vaux designed the grounds for the
515:) to embark on an extensive research journey through the
2140:. Asheville, North Carolina: The Biltmore Company. 2003.
1978:
1912 Register of the Massachusetts Commandery of MOLLUS.
1958:
Frederick Law Olmsted; Theodora Kimball Hubbard (1922).
2120:
Frederick Law Olmsted: Designing the American Landscape
2117:
1082:
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
2465:
U.S. Sanitary Commission reports attributed to Olmsted
2388:
Frederick Law Olmsted: Plans and Views of Public Parks
2178:
Frederick Law Olmsted: The Passion of a Public Artist
2118:
Beveridge, Charles E; Paul Rocheleau (October 1998).
1961:
Frederick Law Olmsted, Landscape Architect, 1822–1903
537:
A Journey in the Back Country in the Winter of 1853–4
465:. It was later renamed "The Woods of Arden" by owner
2227:(Seattle: History Link and Documentary Media, 2019)
1139:
An example of this mix of principles is seen in the
773:
550:, at the suggestion of Olmsted's English publisher.
892:Olmsted was a frequent collaborator with architect
469:. The house in which Olmsted lived still stands at
2454:Masur, Louis P., "Olmsted's Southern Landscapes,"
2255:The Park and the People: A History of Central Park
2252:
2243:
2053:
1951:
1520:
1349:Genius of Place: The Life of Frederick Law Olmsted
1114:
1036:, was named after Olmsted and his son Frederick.
758:in New York City. He contributed to organizing a
4113:
4103:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
2315:To the Gates of Richmond: the Peninsula Campaign
1669:. Long Island University Press. pp. 51–66.
1485:Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in England
496:Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in England
2360:Research Guide to American Historical Biography
2300:"Was Olmsted an Unbiased Critic of the South?"
1390:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
1005:After Olmsted's retirement and death, his sons
598:
544:Journeys and Explorations in the Cotton Kingdom
2595:, 2010 documentary; supplemental materials at
2573:The Frederick Law Olmsted Society of Riverside
1095:forced Olmsted to retire. By 1898 he moved to
747:He was one of the six founding members of the
558:I find the impression has become a conviction.
3235:
3095:
2687:
1410:Olmsted, Henry King; Ward, George K. (1912).
1155:for their private enjoyment, such as that of
955:Olmsted was an important early leader of the
379:, he worked on the landscape surrounding the
2462:
2069:Images of America: Mansions of Morris County
1609:
1607:
1211:Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site
1099:, and took up residence as a patient at the
1044:Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site
1000:Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site
921:Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site
1754:
1409:
762:, which raised one million dollars for the
707:
627:Willowdell Arch with the team that created
410:
3102:
3088:
2829:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2694:
2680:
2568:The National Association for Olmsted Parks
2273:
1804:Farrell, Barbara Gallo (August 14, 2019).
1557:Woody, Robert Hilliard (1955). "review of
1413:Genealogy of the Olmsted family in America
902:Hudson River State Hospital for the Insane
438:ancestors arrived in the early 1600s from
42:
3135:
2235:FLO: A Biography of Frederick Law Olmsted
1662:
1656:
1604:
1311:
1164:. At that time the shingled structure in
915:. He called the home and office compound
523:from 1852 to 1857. His dispatches to the
369:Chicago's emerald necklace boulevard ring
2635:Frederick Law Olmsted: Designing America
2543:) is being considered for deletion. See
1706:
1704:
1702:
1145:
993:
869:
622:
610:
602:
414:
16:American landscape architect (1822–1903)
4132:American landscape and garden designers
2433:
2409:
2393:
2144:
1863:"Jewels of Olmsted's Unspoiled Midwest"
1803:
1797:
1478:
947:in Chicago, among many other projects.
923:. From there Olmsted designed Boston's
813:For a more complete list of parks, see
231:; the country's oldest state park, the
192:. Olmsted and Vaux's first project was
4114:
2365:Diamant, Rolf and Carr, Ethan (2022).
2174:
2041:
2015:Walter Rogers; Michaal Dollin (2010).
1860:
1759:. Mariposa, California: Gazette Press.
1693:
1613:
1345:
1317:
1257:
720:. He tended to the wounded during the
529:A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States
494:. He subsequently wrote and published
4055:
4002:
3934:
3729:
3671:
3502:
3234:
3186:The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary
3134:
3083:
2675:
2021:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 19.
1710:
1699:
1556:
1443:
1292:
1172:
808:
3745:
3171:Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir
2925:Lucy Beall Candler Owens Heinz Leide
2605:interview with Witold Rybczynski on
2463:Olmsted, Frederick Law (1861–1863).
2202:
1861:Martin, Justin (September 2, 2011).
1380:
1378:
1376:
840:'s grand necklace of parks; and the
363:, the main park ground for the 1893
4003:
3935:
3703:Concerto: One Night in Central Park
2422:from the University of North Texas.
1416:. Quintin Publications. p. 8.
631:, including (from right): Olmsted,
527:were collected into three volumes (
142:, Charlotte, Owen, and Marion, and
13:
4197:American people of English descent
4187:Writers from Hartford, Connecticut
4162:People from Belmont, Massachusetts
3503:
2859:Fernbank Museum of Natural History
2380:
2087:
950:
803:Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove
740:, which had a boat landing on the
445:When he was almost ready to enter
355:. In Chicago his projects include
321:University of California, Berkeley
14:
4208:
4157:The Nation (U.S. magazine) people
4056:
2585:Olmsted and America's Urban Parks
2547:to help reach a consensus. ›
2497:
2122:. New York: Universe Publishing.
1373:
774:Gold mining project in California
764:United States Sanitary Commission
4172:People of the American Civil War
3796:
3789:
3779:
3772:
3485:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
3109:
2664:
1711:Masur, Louis P. (July 9, 2011).
1488:. George E. Putnam. p. 83.
1057:
724:. In 1862, during Union General
299:and parks and parkway system in
163:
3914:Central Park North–110th Street
2869:Georgia Mental Health Institute
2476:Olmsted, Frederick Law (1865).
2444:The British edition was titled
2434:Olmsted, Frederick Law (1861).
2426:Olmsted, Frederick Law (1860).
2410:Olmsted, Frederick Law (1857).
2394:Olmsted, Frederick Law (1856).
2317:. New York: Ticknor and Fields
2209:. Boston, MA: Bullfinch Press.
2111:
2081:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2008:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1964:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp.
1938:
1920:
1895:
1873:
1854:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1788:
1763:
1755:Chamberlain, Newell D. (1936).
1748:
1730:
1713:"Olmsted's Southern Landscapes"
1687:
1643:
1589:
1550:
1514:
1500:
1472:
1086:Sons of the American Revolution
658:, the landscape architect from
3909:Cathedral Parkway–110th Street
2657:Works by Frederick Law Olmsted
2648:Works by Frederick Law Olmsted
2304:(1952), 37#2 pp. 173–187
2073:Brief History of Morris County
2054:Rosenzweig & Blackmar 1992
1530:The American Historical Review
1437:
1403:
1339:
1330:
1286:
1245:
1115:Olmsted's principles of design
865:Buffalo, New York parks system
790:. The estate had been sold by
1:
4137:American landscape architects
3797:
3773:
3730:
3529:Bethesda Terrace and Fountain
3256:Alice in Wonderland sculpture
2993:DeKalb County School District
2803:Emory Grove Historic District
2798:Druid Hills Historic District
2532:
2450:London: S. Low, Son & Co.
2428:A Journey in the Back Country
1352:. Hachette Books. p. 8.
1238:
780:Rancho Las Mariposas–Mariposa
749:Union League Club of New York
481:
103:, Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
3790:
3780:
3613:Richard Morris Hunt Memorial
3181:North Woods and North Meadow
3068:All neighborhoods of Atlanta
2824:Callanwolde Fine Arts Center
2580:KCET Departures Olmsted Plan
2523:Resources in other libraries
2259:. Cornell University Press.
756:United States Colored Troops
666:in his role as publisher of
599:New York City's Central Park
473:, near Woods of Arden Road.
365:World's Columbian Exposition
50:engraving after a photograph
7:
3879:59th Street–Columbus Circle
3320:Frederick Douglass Memorial
2663:(public domain audiobooks)
2152:. New York: Penguin Press.
1810:www.poughkeepsiejournal.com
1194:
1157:Frederick T. van Beuren Jr.
595:. It was a labor of love."
319:; the master plans for the
10:
4213:
4167:Artists from Staten Island
3672:
3388:Samuel Finley Breese Morse
3161:Great Lawn and Turtle Pond
2771:Druid Hills Baptist Church
2607:A Clearing in the Distance
2473:from the Internet Archive.
2406:from the Internet Archive.
2298:Schlesinger, Arthur M. Sr.
2233:Roper, Laura Wood (1973).
1998:"Frederick Law Olmsted Sr"
1297:. Routledge. p. 500.
862:
812:
782:gold mining estate in the
367:, the southern portion of
259:in Hartford, Connecticut;
153:John and Charlotte Olmsted
18:
4099:
4062:
4051:
4009:
3998:
3941:
3930:
3863:
3832:
3750:Frederick Douglass Circle
3740:
3736:
3725:
3678:
3667:
3509:
3498:
3416:Seventh Regiment Memorial
3284:Burnett Memorial Fountain
3243:
3237:Sculptures and public art
3230:
3141:
3130:
3117:
3027:
3002:
2979:
2933:
2882:
2849:Emory University Hospital
2816:
2790:
2748:
2717:
2631:, Cleveland Museum of Art
2518:Resources in your library
2482:The National Park Service
2358:Muccigrosso, Robert, ed.
2138:Guide to Biltmore Estates
1948:Scribner, New York, 1999.
1666:Handbook of Prospect Park
1575:10.1215/00382876-54-1-164
1075:Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
1011:Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
989:
919:. It is now the restored
887:Asheville, North Carolina
698:Prospect Park in Brooklyn
476:
317:Asheville, North Carolina
162:
157:
149:
135:
127:
117:
107:
96:
77:
55:
41:
34:
25:Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
3874:Fifth Avenue–59th Street
2561:: A bibliography by the
2545:templates for discussion
2442:New York: Mason Brothers
2302:Journal of Negro History
1663:Lancaster, Clay (1972).
1624:New York Review of Books
1595:Olmsted, Frederick Law,
1563:South Atlantic Quarterly
1295:Encyclopedia of the City
1048:Brookline, Massachusetts
1028:was named in his honor.
1024:A residence hall at the
913:Brookline, Massachusetts
714:U.S. Sanitary Commission
708:U.S. Sanitary Commission
411:Early life and education
341:The Lawrenceville School
309:New Britain, Connecticut
19:Not to be confused with
4182:Russell Sage Foundation
4177:Phillips Academy alumni
4142:American urban planners
3946:Elizabeth Barlow Rogers
3708:Shakespeare in the Park
3314:Duke Ellington Memorial
3249:107th Infantry Memorial
2941:Atlanta freeway revolts
2864:Fernbank Science Center
2839:Druid Hills High School
2766:Carlos H. Mason Mansion
2591:March 30, 2018, at the
2487:August 4, 2013, at the
2175:Kalfus, Melvin (1991).
2075:prepared by the county"
1619:"America's Green Giant"
1601:, Mason Brothers, 1862.
1450:Historic Gardens Review
1446:"Frederick Law Olmsted"
1346:Martin, Justin (2011).
1232:Devil in the White City
894:Henry Hobson Richardson
533:A Journey Through Texas
285:Grand Necklace of Parks
257:The Institute of Living
237:Niagara Falls, New York
4152:McLean Hospital people
3981:Egbert Ludovicus Viele
3693:UAE Healthy Kidney 10K
3623:Tarr Family Playground
3368:King Jagiello Monument
3040:Morningside–Lenox Park
2987:Atlanta Public Schools
2971:Stone Mountain Freeway
2711:DeKalb County, Georgia
2563:Buffalo History Museum
2283:. New York: Scribner.
2094:Democrat and Chronicle
1775:Yosemite National Park
1738:"Olmsted Introduction"
1546:vol. 2 of 1861 edition
1543:vol. 1 of 1861 edition
1480:Olmsted, Frederick Law
1151:
1097:Belmont, Massachusetts
1064:Daniel Fawcett Tiemann
1052:Landscape Architecture
1034:Yosemite National Park
1026:University of Hartford
1002:
943:, as well as the 1893
889:
832:; the park system for
686:Egbert Ludovicus Viele
656:Andrew Jackson Downing
652:
620:
608:
573:
560:
427:
186:landscape architecture
131:Mary Cleveland Perkins
89:Belmont, Massachusetts
4067:Birdwatching incident
3961:Frederick Law Olmsted
3760:Duke Ellington Circle
3577:Diana Ross Playground
3460:Three Dancing Maidens
3136:Geographical features
3020:mixed-use development
2989:(portions in Atlanta)
2920:Louie De Votie Newton
2834:Druid Hills Golf Club
2725:Frederick Law Olmsted
2640:May 14, 2021, at the
2627:May 12, 2014, at the
2614:Frederick Law Olmsted
2559:Frederick Law Olmsted
2550:Frederick Law Olmsted
2509:Frederick Law Olmsted
1907:National Park Service
1293:Caves, R. W. (2004).
1201:List of Olmsted works
1178:In June 2022, a baby
1149:
1109:Hartford, Connecticut
997:
957:conservation movement
941:University of Chicago
875:Frederick Law Olmsted
873:
815:List_of_Olmsted_works
716:, a precursor to the
626:
614:
606:
568:
555:
432:Hartford, Connecticut
418:
397:conservation movement
381:United States Capitol
373:University of Chicago
337:Mount Holyoke College
333:Palo Alto, California
174:Frederick Law Olmsted
70:Hartford, Connecticut
36:Frederick Law Olmsted
4147:Druid Hills, Georgia
3986:George E. Waring Jr.
3951:Andrew Haswell Green
3607:McGown's Pass Tavern
3587:Heckscher Playground
3562:Cherry Hill Fountain
3298:Christopher Columbus
2966:Ponce de Leon Avenue
2756:Briarcliff (mansion)
2735:John Charles Olmsted
2617:Explore Capitol Hill
2088:Freile, Victoria E.
1744:on October 11, 1999.
1617:(November 5, 2015).
1538:10.1086/ahr/59.1.141
1444:Homsy, Bryn (2001).
1226:History of gardening
1216:Charles Loring Brace
1206:Frederick E. Olmsted
1068:John Charles Olmsted
1007:John Charles Olmsted
898:Buffalo State Asylum
858:Louisville, Kentucky
856:system designed for
794:to New York banker,
649:Andrew Haswell Green
507:New York Daily Times
471:4515 Hylan Boulevard
430:Olmsted was born in
401:National Park system
301:Louisville, Kentucky
21:Frederick E. Olmsted
3628:Tavern on the Green
3556:Central Park Casino
3423:William Shakespeare
3341:Fitz-Greene Halleck
3263:Angel of the Waters
3191:The Ramble and Lake
3151:Conservatory Garden
2609:, October 17, 1999.
2249:Blackmar, Elizabeth
2044:, pp. 196, 313
1944:Witold Rybezynski,
1683:on August 27, 2009.
1524:(1953). "review of
1188:Rochester, New York
984:Marquette, Michigan
937:Stanford University
879:John Singer Sargent
842:Niagara Reservation
830:Riverside, Illinois
726:George B. McClellan
349:St. Catharines
329:Stanford University
325:University of Maine
281:Rochester, New York
241:Riverside, Illinois
233:Niagara Reservation
210:Trenton, New Jersey
178:landscape architect
112:Landscape architect
3602:Marionette Theatre
3453:Untermyer Fountain
3402:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
3348:Alexander Hamilton
3304:Cleopatra's Needle
3156:Conservatory Water
3011:Driving Miss Daisy
2900:Asa G. Candler Jr.
2895:Asa Griggs Candler
2874:The Paideia School
2791:Historic districts
2749:Historic buildings
2644:(2014 documentary)
2456:The New York Times
2338:John T. Trowbridge
2275:Rybczynski, Witold
2203:Hall, Lee (1995).
1867:The New York Times
1559:The Cotton Kingdom
1522:Stampp, Kenneth M.
1509:The Present Crisis
1221:Landscape designer
1173:In popular culture
1152:
1105:Old North Cemetery
1003:
927:, the campuses of
890:
877:, oil painting by
828:Chicago suburb of
809:U.S. park designer
730:Peninsula Campaign
722:American Civil War
669:The Horticulturist
660:Newburgh, New York
653:
621:
609:
548:American Civil War
512:The New York Times
502:in New York City.
428:
421:Olmsted–Beil House
407:in the Civil War.
123:New York City Park
101:Old North Cemetery
4109:
4108:
4095:
4094:
4047:
4046:
4029:Mandarin Patinkin
3994:
3993:
3966:Ignaz Anton Pilat
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3827:
3826:
3721:
3720:
3698:New York Mini 10K
3663:
3662:
3633:Victorian Gardens
3572:Delacorte Theater
3519:Ballplayers House
3494:
3493:
3472:National Monument
3441:(temporary, 2005)
3226:
3225:
3218:Strawberry Fields
3077:
3076:
3061:Virginia–Highland
2773:(Poncey–Highland)
2652:Project Gutenberg
2504:Library resources
2355:, March 22, 2012.
2311:Sears, Stephen W.
2188:978-0-8147-4618-9
1651:Olmsted's America
1423:978-1-58211-670-9
1359:978-0-306-81984-1
1320:American Heritage
1274:. August 29, 1903
1254:– Biography Page.
1141:Central Park Mall
980:Presque Isle Park
973:Adirondack region
929:Wellesley College
834:Buffalo, New York
637:Ignaz Anton Pilat
578:Putnam's Magazine
229:Buffalo, New York
171:
170:
144:Frederick Law Jr.
4204:
4053:
4052:
4000:
3999:
3956:Jacob Wrey Mould
3932:
3931:
3822:Grand Army Plaza
3800:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3746:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3726:
3669:
3668:
3618:Rumsey Playfield
3524:Belvedere Castle
3500:
3499:
3409:Sir Walter Scott
3395:Romeo and Juliet
3381:Giuseppe Mazzini
3232:
3231:
3132:
3131:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3081:
3080:
2946:Clifton Corridor
2844:Emory University
2740:Olmsted Brothers
2705:neighborhood of
2696:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2622:Fine Arts Garden
2578:The Olmsted Plan
2468:
2439:
2417:
2401:
2362:(1988) 5:2666-74
2294:
2270:
2258:
2220:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2163:
2141:
2133:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1930:. Archived from
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1740:. Archived from
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1708:
1697:
1696:, pp. 308ff
1691:
1685:
1684:
1679:. Archived from
1660:
1654:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1554:
1548:
1541:
1518:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1382:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1162:community nearby
1015:Olmsted Brothers
925:Emerald Necklace
633:Jacob Wrey Mould
459:Akerly Homestead
449:at a young age,
377:Washington, D.C.
305:Walnut Hill Park
265:Emerald Necklace
245:Mount Royal Park
222:Olmsted Brothers
218:Portland, Oregon
167:
120:
84:
65:
63:
48:Olmsted in 1893;
46:
32:
31:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4091:
4087:Popular culture
4058:
4043:
4005:
4004:Notable animals
3990:
3937:
3936:Notable figures
3918:
3859:
3828:
3812:Columbus Circle
3801:
3794:
3784:
3777:
3732:
3717:
3674:
3659:
3505:
3490:
3327:Eagles and Prey
3309:Delacorte Clock
3239:
3222:
3137:
3126:
3113:
3108:
3078:
3073:
3054:Poncey–Highland
3047:Old Fourth Ward
3023:
2998:
2975:
2956:Moreland Avenue
2951:Freedom Parkway
2929:
2915:Carlos H. Mason
2878:
2854:Fernbank Forest
2812:
2786:
2782:Rainbow Terrace
2777:Lullwater House
2744:
2713:
2700:
2665:
2642:Wayback Machine
2629:Wayback Machine
2597:OlmstedFilm.org
2593:Wayback Machine
2548:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2489:Wayback Machine
2383:
2381:Primary sources
2346:David W. Blight
2291:
2267:
2245:Rosenzweig, Roy
2223:Ott, Jennifer.
2217:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2169:David W. Blight
2160:
2136:
2130:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2086:
2082:
2067:"Rae, John W.,
2065:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2013:
2009:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1939:
1934:on May 2, 2015.
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1881:"Olmsted Point"
1879:
1878:
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1258:
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1246:
1241:
1197:
1184:Seneca Park Zoo
1175:
1134:sunken roadways
1117:
1101:McLean Hospital
1060:
1019:Portland, Maine
998:Drafting room,
992:
961:Yosemite Valley
953:
951:Conservationist
883:Biltmore Estate
868:
818:
811:
792:John C. Fremont
776:
738:New Kent County
710:
694:Greensward Plan
607:Olmsted in 1857
601:
492:Birkenhead Park
484:
479:
451:sumac poisoning
413:
361:Washington Park
345:Montebello Park
313:Biltmore Estate
261:Trinity College
206:Cadwalader Park
118:
92:
86:
82:
81:August 28, 1903
73:
67:
61:
59:
51:
49:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:Other features
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3478:Daniel Webster
3474:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3449:
3442:
3434:
3430:J. Marion Sims
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3355:Victor Herbert
3351:
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3207:Seneca Village
3204:
3198:
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3188:
3183:
3178:
3176:McGowan's Pass
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2934:Transportation
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2526:
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2513:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:External links
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2474:
2460:
2458:, July 9, 2011
2431:
2423:
2407:
2391:
2382:
2379:
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2363:
2356:
2342:Patriotic Gore
2328:Wilson, Edmund
2325:
2308:
2295:
2289:
2271:
2265:
2241:
2239:online edition
2231:
2221:
2215:
2200:
2187:
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2159:978-1101980309
2158:
2142:
2134:
2128:
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2110:
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2007:
1989:
1980:
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1937:
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1894:
1872:
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1831:
1822:
1796:
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1762:
1747:
1729:
1717:New York Times
1698:
1686:
1675:
1655:
1642:
1615:Filler, Martin
1603:
1588:
1549:
1513:
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1471:
1436:
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1285:
1272:New York Times
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1056:
1046:is located in
991:
988:
952:
949:
810:
807:
796:Morris Ketchum
775:
772:
742:Pamunkey River
736:plantation in
709:
706:
600:
597:
517:American South
483:
480:
478:
475:
412:
409:
388:Daniel Burnham
180:, journalist,
169:
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98:
94:
93:
87:
85:(aged 81)
79:
75:
74:
68:
66:April 26, 1822
57:
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47:
39:
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35:
15:
9:
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4065:
4064:
4061:
4057:Miscellaneous
4054:
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3787:
3770:
3768:
3767:Eighth Avenue
3765:
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3649:
3648:Zoo York Wall
3646:
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3362:Indian Hunter
3359:
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3277:SimĂłn BolĂvar
3274:
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3258:
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3129:
3125:
3124:New York City
3121:
3116:
3112:
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2375:9781952620348
2372:
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2357:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2340:". Reviewing
2339:
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2329:
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2324:
2323:0-89919-790-6
2320:
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2309:
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2299:
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2290:0-684-82463-9
2286:
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2281:
2277:(June 1999).
2276:
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2266:0-8014-9751-5
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2229:online review
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2216:0-8212-1998-7
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2155:
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2147:
2146:Horwitz, Tony
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2129:0-7893-0228-4
2125:
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2062:
2056:, p. 133
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2024:
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1847:Albert Fein,
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1722:September 20,
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1058:Personal life
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1035:
1032:, located in
1031:
1030:Olmsted Point
1027:
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969:Niagara Falls
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933:Smith College
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846:Niagara Falls
843:
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822:Prospect Park
816:
806:
805:land grants.
804:
799:
797:
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789:
786:mountains in
785:
784:Sierra Nevada
781:
771:
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761:
760:Sanitary Fair
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4192:Central Park
4082:Medical Unit
3976:Calvert Vaux
3971:Starr Saphir
3960:
3904:103rd Street
3805:Fifth Avenue
3786:Central Park
3755:110th Street
3741:Border roads
3638:Wollman Rink
3609:(demolished)
3582:Fort Clinton
3558:(demolished)
3483:
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3334:The Falconer
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3296:
3291:Robert Burns
3289:
3282:
3275:
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3254:
3247:
3213:Sheep Meadow
3209:(historical)
3203:(historical)
3111:Central Park
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3009:
2910:Enrico Leide
2905:Jimmy Carnes
2890:Ron Blomberg
2817:Institutions
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2192:. Retrieved
2177:
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2119:
2112:Bibliography
2097:. Retrieved
2093:
2083:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2017:
2010:
2002:find a grave
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1932:the original
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:
1897:
1887:November 16,
1885:. Retrieved
1875:
1866:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1799:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:
1765:
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1750:
1742:the original
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:
1689:
1681:the original
1665:
1658:
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1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1628:
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1449:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1412:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:
1363:. Retrieved
1348:
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1276:. Retrieved
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977:
966:
954:
945:World's Fair
916:
910:
906:Poughkeepsie
891:
874:
854:
852:in Detroit.
819:
800:
777:
768:
753:
746:
711:
702:
691:
678:Hudson River
674:Calvert Vaux
667:
664:Central Park
654:
641:Calvert Vaux
629:Central Park
617:park systems
586:
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574:
569:
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561:
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541:
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532:
528:
524:
510:
506:
504:
500:Central Park
495:
485:
447:Yale College
444:
429:
385:
357:Jackson Park
226:
194:Central Park
190:Calvert Vaux
173:
172:
140:John Charles
119:Notable work
83:(1903-08-28)
29:
4127:1903 deaths
4122:1822 births
4077:Jogger case
4072:Conservancy
3899:96th Street
3894:86th Street
3889:81st Street
3884:72nd Street
3833:Transverses
3817:59th Street
3713:SummerStage
3688:The Concert
3592:Lasker Rink
3446:The Tempest
3166:Harlem Meer
3018:Emory Point
2961:PATH trails
2761:Callanwolde
2703:Druid Hills
2533:‹ The
2440:(2 vols.).
2042:Kalfus 1991
1912:October 16,
1883:. Russ Cary
1694:Kalfus 1991
1649:Hall, Lee,
1635:November 8,
1569:: 164–165.
734:White House
442:, England.
375:campus. In
214:Forest Park
4116:Categories
4101:See also:
3534:Blockhouse
3374:JosĂ© MartĂ
3146:Cedar Hill
3033:Inman Park
2718:Architects
2469:Available
2418:Available
2402:Available
1815:August 14,
1452:(9): 2–7.
1395:October 2,
1239:References
1166:New Vernon
850:Belle Isle
788:California
682:Henry Clay
680:steamboat
588:The Nation
482:Journalism
405:Union Army
391:important
383:building.
371:, and the
108:Occupation
62:1822-04-26
4039:Pattycake
4034:Pale Male
3731:Transport
3567:The Dairy
3438:The Gates
3120:Manhattan
2980:Education
2730:Joel Hurt
2603:Booknotes
2194:April 28,
1780:April 26,
1653:, p. 147.
1583:257878647
1458:1461-0191
1091:In 1895,
838:Milwaukee
718:Red Cross
293:Wisconsin
289:Milwaukee
158:Signature
150:Parent(s)
3867:stations
3653:Zoo York
3551:Carousel
3196:Rat Rock
2661:LibriVox
2638:Archived
2625:Archived
2589:Archived
2535:template
2485:Archived
2330:(1962).
2313:(1992).
2306:in JSTOR
2251:(1992).
2148:(2019).
1482:(1852).
1466:44791222
1429:June 12,
1365:June 12,
1195:See also
1093:senility
939:and the
917:Fairsted
881:, 1895,
539:(1860).
535:(1857),
531:(1856),
393:activist
249:Montreal
202:Brooklyn
136:Children
3539:Bridges
3514:Arsenal
3201:Sawkill
2707:Atlanta
2537:below (
2348:wrote,
2099:June 3,
1851:(1972).
1494:3900449
1278:June 2,
1182:at the
1180:giraffe
826:planned
651:in 1862
436:Olmsted
395:in the
353:Ontario
3865:Subway
3683:Be-Ins
3673:Events
3014:(film)
2883:People
2554:Curlie
2540:Curlie
2506:about
2471:online
2420:online
2404:online
2373:
2321:
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2247:&
2213:
2185:
2165:Review
2156:
2126:
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1464:
1456:
1420:
1356:
1301:
990:Legacy
824:; the
692:Their
647:, and
593:Godkin
477:Career
343:; and
323:, the
311:; the
283:; the
269:Boston
253:Quebec
212:; and
128:Spouse
91:, U.S.
72:, U.S.
4019:Flaco
4014:Barry
3470:Maine
3270:Balto
3003:Other
2995:(CDP)
2353:Slate
1579:S2CID
1462:JSTOR
1268:(PDF)
1107:, in
525:Times
521:Texas
509:(now
440:Essex
331:near
3855:97th
3850:85th
3845:79th
3840:66th
3597:Mall
3468:USS
2709:and
2371:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2211:ISBN
2196:2019
2183:ISBN
2154:ISBN
2124:ISBN
2101:2022
2023:ISBN
1914:2014
1889:2013
1817:2019
1782:2022
1724:2018
1671:ISBN
1637:2015
1631:(17)
1490:OCLC
1454:ISSN
1431:2020
1418:ISBN
1397:2023
1367:2020
1354:ISBN
1326:(6).
1299:ISBN
1280:2018
1042:The
1009:and
848:and
519:and
419:The
78:Died
56:Born
4024:Gus
3643:Zoo
3544:Bow
2659:at
2650:at
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2167:by
1571:doi
1534:doi
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