34:
349:
held that
Article One required that "as nearly as practicable one man's vote in a congressional election is to be worth as much as another's." The decision had a major impact on representation in the House, as many states had districts of unequal population, often to the detriment of urban voters.
419:. Justice Harlan further argued that the Convention debates were clear to the effect that Article I, § 4, had vested exclusive control over state districting practices in Congress and that the Court action overrode a congressional decision not to require equally populated districts.
402:
argued that a reading of the debates of the
Constitutional Convention demonstrated conclusively that the Framers had meant, in using the phrase “by the People,” to guarantee equality of representation in the election of Members of the House of Representatives.
364:
No right is more precious in a free country than that of having a voice in the election of those who make the laws under which, as good citizens, we must live. Other rights, even the most basic, are illusory if the right to vote is undermined.
1182:
330:
by population among the states, but it does not specify exactly how the representatives from each state should be elected. The case arose from a challenge to the unequal population of congressional districts in the state of
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The
Constitution requires that members of the House of Representatives be selected by districts composed, as nearly as is practicable, of equal population.
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1047:
899:
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1342:
1198:
1166:
982:
859:
835:
528: (2015): Racial gerrymandering claims must be considered district-by-district, rather than by looking at the state as an undifferentiated whole.
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883:
1063:
319:
706:
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1358:
513:
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was unaffected by the decision since the
Constitution explicitly grants each state two senators representing the state at large.
490: (1986): State Legislative multimember district invalid where three criteria met such that "...a bloc voting majority must
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38:
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be able to defeat candidates supported by a politically cohesive, geographically insular minority group."
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leaves no room for classification of people in a way that unnecessarily abridges this right.
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415:
argued that the statements cited by
Justice Black had uniformly been in the context of the
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658:
8:
1334:
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851:
1513:
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891:
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471: (1964): Districts in State Legislatures must be approximately equal in population.
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714:
1506:
Arizona State
Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
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346:
158:
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82:
452:
question, thus enabling federal courts to hear redistricting cases.
382:
110:
103:
16:
1964 United States
Supreme Court case on congressional districts
33:
326:
219:
Black, joined by Warren, Douglas, Brennan, White, Goldberg
1423:
Alexander v. South
Carolina State Conference of the NAACP
1183:
Houston
Lawyers' Association v. Attorney General of Texas
1407:
Wisconsin Legislature v. Wisconsin Elections Commission
57:
James P. Wesberry, Jr. et al. v. Carl E. Sanders et al.
940:
Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
585:
Congressional Districting – United States Constitution
296:
must be approximately equal in population. Along with
1586:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
532:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 376
1151:
Mississippi Republican Executive Committee v. Brooks
563:. Justia US Supreme Court Center. February 17, 1964
1576:United States one person, one vote legal doctrine
1343:League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
983:League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
251:This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings
1552:
1581:Congressional districts of Georgia (U.S. state)
1367:Bethune-Hill v. Virginia State Bd. of Elections
908:Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris
780:Lucas v. Forty-Fourth Gen. Assembly of Colorado
1571:United States electoral redistricting case law
1442:Chappelle v. Greater Baton Rouge Airport Dist.
700:
398:Writing for the Court majority in Wesberry,
1530:Virginia House of Delegates v. Bethune-Hill
1359:Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama
514:Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama
342:, which was joined by five other justices,
707:
693:
599:
580:
578:
1088:East Carroll Parish Sch. Bd. v. Marshall
876:East Carroll Parish Sch. Bd. v. Marshall
844:Salyer Land Co. v. Tulare Water District
618:Weiss, Jonathan (1964), "An Analysis of
1561:United States equal protection case law
1553:
575:
294:United States House of Representatives
688:
617:
312:cases that applied the principle of "
21:1964 United States Supreme Court case
1103:United Jewish Organizations v. Carey
284:, 376 U.S. 1 (1964), was a landmark
1311:Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board
1279:Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board
308:(1964), it was part of a series of
288:case in which the Court ruled that
235:Harlan, joined by Stewart (in part)
13:
717:redistricting in the United States
593:
39:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
1607:
1596:United States Supreme Court cases
1080:City of Richmond v. United States
828:Hadley v. Junior College District
636:
604:: A Case of Oversimplification",
32:
1191:Presley v. Etowah County Comm'n
654:1 (1964) is available from:
600:Carpenter, Richard V. (1964), "
1591:Civil rights movement case law
1566:1964 in United States case law
624:Southern California Law Review
561:, 376 U.S. 1 (1964), at 17-18"
549:
316:" to U.S. legislative bodies.
1:
1127:City of Rome v. United States
542:
7:
1399:North Carolina v. Covington
1383:North Carolina v. Covington
1143:Escambia County v. McMillan
924:Tennant v. Jefferson County
422:
357:
10:
1612:
406:
324:United States Constitution
1522:Wittman v. Personhuballah
1433:
1023:
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723:
256:
249:
245:U.S. Const., art. I, § 2.
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48:Decided February 17, 1964
45:
31:
26:
1295:Lopez v. Monterey County
1271:Lopez v. Monterey County
46:Argued November 18, 1963
951:Partisan gerrymandering
812:Kirkpatrick v. Preisler
804:Avery v. Midland County
1351:Bartlett v. Strickland
1032:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
371:
183:William J. Brennan Jr.
1239:United States v. Hays
1095:Beer v. United States
1040:Wright v. Rockefeller
1024:Racial gerrymandering
1007:Rucho v. Common Cause
385:as the foundation of
362:
1231:Johnson v. De Grandy
1207:Voinovich v. Quilter
1159:Thornburg v. Gingles
820:Wells v. Rockefeller
715:Case law related to
606:Villanova Law Review
537:One Person, One Vote
476:Thornburg v. Gingles
411:Writing in dissent,
352:United States Senate
314:one person, one vote
100:Wesberry v. Vandiver
1335:Georgia v. Ashcroft
1327:Easley v. Cromartie
1319:Sinkfield v. Kelley
959:Gaffney v. Cummings
852:Gaffney v. Cummings
796:Burns v. Richardson
756:Wesberry v. Sanders
677:Library of Congress
644:Wesberry v. Sanders
620:Wesberry v. Sanders
602:Wesberry v. Sanders
559:Wesberry v. Sanders
391:Wesberry v. Sanders
281:Wesberry v. Sanders
27:Wesberry v. Sanders
1514:Shapiro v. McManus
1072:Whitcomb v. Chavis
975:Vieth v. Jubelirer
892:Karcher v. Daggett
732:Colegrove v. Green
286:U.S. Supreme Court
259:Colegrove v. Green
167:William O. Douglas
155:Associate Justices
115:prob. juris. noted
81:84 S. Ct. 526; 11
1548:
1547:
1415:Allen v. Milligan
1303:Hunt v. Cromartie
1287:Abrams v. Johnson
1247:Miller v. Johnson
1056:Connor v. Johnson
1013:Lamone v. Benisek
999:Benisek v. Lamone
967:Davis v. Bandemer
932:Evenwel v. Abbott
499:Miller v. Johnson
383:the right to vote
344:Associate Justice
277:
276:
179:John M. Harlan II
1603:
1490:Lance v. Coffman
1458:Quinn v. Millsap
1375:Cooper v. Harris
1175:Chisom v. Roemer
1119:Mobile v. Bolden
1111:Wise v. Lipscomb
1048:Turner v. Fouche
991:Gill v. Whitford
900:Brown v. Thomson
868:Chapman v. Meier
788:Fortson v. Toomb
764:Reynolds v. Sims
724:Equal population
709:
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457:Reynolds v. Sims
417:Great Compromise
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367:Our Constitution
340:majority opinion
305:Reynolds v. Sims
140:Court membership
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1538:Moore v. Harper
1482:Lance v. Dennis
1474:Branch v. Smith
1450:Upham v. Seamon
1429:
1391:Abbott v. Perez
1199:Growe v. Emison
1167:Clark v. Roemer
1135:Rogers v. Lodge
1019:
946:
860:White v. Weiser
836:Mahan v. Howell
748:Gray v. Sanders
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594:Further reading
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448:qualifies as a
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772:Davis v. Mann
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446:Redistricting
444: (1962):
443:
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432:
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430:Baker v. Carr
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400:Justice Black
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1215:Shaw v. Reno
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171:Tom C. Clark
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91:Case history
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509:900 (1995):
450:justiciable
328:apportioned
320:Article One
302:(1962) and
273: (1946)
195:Byron White
151:Earl Warren
1555:Categories
567:January 5,
543:References
379:Hugo Black
347:Hugo Black
159:Hugo Black
387:democracy
290:districts
83:L. Ed. 2d
63:Citations
642:Text of
423:See also
358:Decision
216:Majority
111:N.D. Ga.
104:F. Supp.
659:Findlaw
492:usually
407:Dissent
393:(1964).
376:Justice
338:In his
333:Georgia
322:of the
292:in the
232:Dissent
130:Holding
113:1962),
1541:(2023)
1533:(2019)
1525:(2016)
1517:(2015)
1509:(2015)
1501:(2012)
1493:(2007)
1485:(2006)
1477:(2003)
1469:(2002)
1461:(1989)
1453:(1982)
1445:(1977)
1426:(2024)
1418:(2023)
1410:(2022)
1402:(2018)
1394:(2018)
1386:(2017)
1378:(2017)
1370:(2017)
1362:(2015)
1354:(2009)
1346:(2006)
1338:(2003)
1330:(2001)
1322:(2000)
1314:(2000)
1306:(1999)
1298:(1999)
1290:(1997)
1282:(1997)
1274:(1996)
1266:(1996)
1258:(1996)
1250:(1995)
1242:(1995)
1234:(1994)
1226:(1994)
1218:(1993)
1210:(1993)
1202:(1993)
1194:(1992)
1186:(1991)
1178:(1991)
1170:(1991)
1162:(1986)
1154:(1984)
1146:(1984)
1138:(1982)
1130:(1980)
1122:(1980)
1114:(1978)
1106:(1977)
1098:(1976)
1083:(1975)
1075:(1971)
1067:(1971)
1059:(1971)
1051:(1970)
1043:(1964)
1035:(1960)
1016:(2019)
1002:(2018)
994:(2018)
986:(2006)
978:(2004)
970:(1986)
962:(1973)
943:(2016)
935:(2016)
927:(2012)
919:(2004)
911:(1989)
903:(1983)
895:(1983)
887:(1981)
879:(1976)
871:(1975)
863:(1973)
855:(1973)
847:(1973)
839:(1973)
831:(1970)
823:(1969)
815:(1969)
807:(1968)
799:(1966)
791:(1965)
783:(1964)
775:(1964)
767:(1964)
759:(1964)
751:(1963)
743:(1962)
735:(1946)
680:
674:
671:
668:Justia
665:
662:
656:
262:,
201:
199:·
197:
189:
187:·
185:
177:
175:·
173:
165:
163:·
161:
102:, 206
1434:Other
650:
612:: 415
521:
483:
464:
437:
266:
227:Clark
121:
96:Prior
652:U.S.
630:: 67
569:2021
523:U.S.
507:U.S.
485:U.S.
466:U.S.
439:U.S.
350:The
268:U.S.
123:U.S.
76:more
68:U.S.
66:376
648:376
622:",
526:___
519:575
504:515
481:478
469:533
462:377
442:186
435:369
389:in
381:on
271:549
264:328
119:374
107:276
85:481
1557::
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646:,
626:,
608:,
577:^
502:,
488:30
479:,
460:,
433:,
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335:.
117:,
708:e
701:t
694:v
632:.
628:8
614:.
610:9
571:.
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516:,
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