33:
1668:. Champaign-Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Chapter 6 by Phillip J. Cooper, "Justice William O. Douglas: Conscience of the Court," p. 169 ("The cases presenting challenges to the validity of the war in Vietnam came in many forms, often in litigation concerning the draft, but most of them also contained a foundation assertion that the legitimacy of the war itself was in question. Recalling this period, Douglas asserted: 'I wrote numerous opinions stating why we should take these cases and decide them. Once or twice, Potter Stewart or Bill Brennan joined me. But there was never a fourth vote.'")
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839, 840 ("On June 19, 1974, the United States
Supreme Court upheld the court-martial conviction of Dr. Howard B. Levy, and with it, the constitutional validity of Uniform Code of Military Justice ("UCMJ") Articles 1332 and 134.3 The Court's announcement of its decision in Parker v. Levy prompted an
910:
Justice
Stewart commented about his second thoughts about that quotation in 1981. "In a way I regret having said what I said about obscenity—that's going to be on my tombstone. When I remember all of the other solid words I've written," he said, "I regret a little bit that if I'll be remembered at
809:
would elevate
Stewart to the post, some going so far as to call him the front-runner. Stewart, though flattered by the suggestion, did not want again to appear before and expose his family to the Senate confirmation process. He also did not relish the prospect of taking on the administrative
933:
therefore extended the reach of the Fourth
Amendment beyond just physical intrusions and would also protect against the seizure of incorporeal words. In addition, the reach of the Amendment was no longer defined solely by property limits but now went as far as a person's reasonable privacy
1099:
segregation implemented by the school districts in the
Metropolitan Detroit area, that neither the school districts nor the state of Michigan were responsible for violating the Constitutional rights of Black Detroiters and thus could not be forced to desegregate their schools.
928:
established that the Fourth
Amendment "protects people, not places." Stewart wrote that the government's installation of a recording device in a public phone booth violated the reasonable expectation of privacy since the government was committing the "seizure" of callers' words.
321:
1071:
794:(1965) on the ground that, while the Connecticut statute barring the use of contraceptives seemed to him an "uncommonly silly law", he could not find a general "Right of Privacy" in the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause.
694:
on April 9 and 14, 1959, and the
Committee voted on May 5, 1959 to forward his nomination with a favorable report. He was confirmed by the Senate in a 70–17 vote on May 5, 1959. All 17 votes against his confirmation came from
960:
must have some justifiable reason before stopping a car. They could not stop and search automobiles without probable cause merely because a stop was made within 100 nautical miles (190 km) from the international border.
854:
Stewart consistently voted against claims of criminal defendants in the area of federal habeas corpus and collateral review. He was concerned about broad interpretations of the Due
Process and the Equal Protection Clauses.
322:
970:(1977), Stewart, in his concurrence, objected to any broad establishment of a right to privacy. He said that prior Court decisions did not "recognize a general interest in freedom from disclosure of private information."
1304:"Six Yale Societies Elect 90 Members: Book and Snake and Berzilius Again Fill Their Ranks as University Groups. Quotas Chosen in an Hour: Tapping Is Done in the Traditional and Picturesque Harkness Court Ceremony"
314:
3656:
1771:
1175:, where they are now available for research. The files concerning Stewart's service were closed to researchers until all the justices with whom Stewart served had left the court; the last of these was Justice
978:
Justice
Stewart was a leader in trying to maintain access to federal courts in civil rights cases. Stewart was one of the strongest dissenters in the trend of denying litigants access to the federal courts.
947:(1969), Stewart wrote an opinion stating that arresting a suspect in his house does not give the police the right to perform a warrantless search of the entire house, only the area surrounding the arrestee.
1018:, which states that private schools open to all white students could no longer exclude black children, and all other offers to contract made to the general public were also made subject to the 1866 Act.
742:
Stewart came to a
Supreme Court controlled by two warring ideological camps and sat firmly in its center. A case early in his Supreme Court career showing his role as the swing vote during that time is
3626:
634:, and eventually a professor of classics at Harvard—was the best man). They eventually had a daughter: Harriet (Virkstis), and two sons: Potter Jr. and David. He was in private practice with
1556:
1207:
788:, Stewart refused to strike down the practice of school sponsored Bible reading in public schools; he was the only justice who took this position in both cases. Stewart dissented in
1647:
739:). He served as Circuit Justice for the Sixth Circuit from October 14, 1958 to July 3, 1981, and as Circuit Justice for the Fifth Circuit from October 12, 1971 to January 6, 1972.
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1563:("The Court that Justice Stewart joined was closely divided on many of its most important questions, which often gave the junior member the deciding vote in his first few years.")
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Before 1967, Fourth Amendment protections were mostly limited to notions of property: possessory geographical locations such as apartments or physical objects.
810:
responsibilities that were delegated to the Chief Justice. Accordingly, he met privately with the President to ask that his name be removed from consideration.
1027:(1965), Stewart held for the Court that police could not use an anti-loitering law to keep civil rights workers from standing or demonstrating on a sidewalk.
907:) against further censorship. One commentator opined, "This observation summarizes Stewart's judicial philosophy: particularistic, intuitive, and pragmatic."
3611:
2448:
2154:
1037:
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to outlaw private refusals to buy, sell, or lease real or personal property for racially-discriminatory reasons. In 1976, Stewart extended the Act again in
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1057:
651:
390:
355:
102:
2422:. In The Burger Court: Political and Judicial Profiles, eds., Charles M. Lamb and Stephen C. Halpern, 375–406. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
2012:
363:
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that same day. He was formally nominated to the same position by President Eisenhower on January 17, 1959. Public hearings were held before the
3646:
2130:
1047: (1966), Stewart stated, "Censorship reflects a society's lack of confidence in itself. It is a hallmark of an authoritarian regime."
662:
on April 23, 1954, and received his commission on April 27, 1954. His service terminated on October 13, 1958, due to his elevation to the
2457:
1642:
1078:
Stewart argues that while the funding method of public education is "chaotic and unjust" it does not in the court's opinion, violate the
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2577:
752:
Stewart was temperamentally inclined to moderate, pragmatic positions, but was often in a dissenting posture during his time on the
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1128:
820:
1476:
1237:
3686:
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1348:
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case made government wiretapping by both state and federal authorities subject to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirements.
829:, which upheld the revised capital punishment legislation adopted in a majority of the states. Despite his earlier dissent in
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1287:
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756:. Stewart believed that the majority on the Warren Court had adopted readings of the First Amendment Establishment Clause (
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3128:
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1303:
1023:
764:
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897:, and the motion picture involved in this case is not that." Justice Stewart went on to defend the movie in question (
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The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions, Volume V. Chelsea House Publishers
952:
489:
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upon retirement, serving in that status until his death on December 7, 1985. After his retirement, he appeared in
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3661:
813:
On the Burger Court, Stewart was seen as a centrist justice and was often influential. He joined the decision in
1911:"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez/Concurrence Stewart - Wikisource, the free online library"
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1673:
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1426:"Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2017: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President"
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2358:
1961:
1004:
868:
the right to be informed of their rights and the right to an attorney, which had been granted to adults in
422:
1372:
Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President
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1156:
957:
604:
203:
1111:
Stewart announced his retirement from the Court on June 18, 1981, and stepped down on July 3. President
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1604:
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Stewart authored the concurring opinions for two very controversial cases concerning public education:
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unusual display of ire; Justice Potter Stewart angrily read his dissenting opinion from the bench." )
1032:
893:(1964), Stewart wrote in his short concurrence that "hard-core pornography" was hard to define, but "
413:. Stewart retired in 1981 and was succeeded by the first female United States Supreme Court justice,
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2960:
2563:
2234:
2212:
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John P. MacKenzie (December 8, 1985). "Potter Stewart is Dead at 70; Was on High Court 23 Years,"
774:(1966)), and the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee of Equal Protection with regard to voting rights (
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3092:
3086:
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2442:
1238:"Mary Ann Bertles Stewart dies, was widow of U.S. Supreme Court Justice and born in Grand Rapids"
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484:, Michigan in 1915, while his family was on vacation. He was the son of Harriett L. (Potter) and
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Strassfeld, Robert M. "The Vietnam War On Trial: The Court-Martial of Dr. Howard Levy," 1994
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331:
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Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court. 3d. ed.
1986:
8:
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who considered him his judicial hero. Additional papers also exist in other collections.
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635:
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354:(January 23, 1915 – December 7, 1985) was an American lawyer and judge who served as an
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468:
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82:
1499:
A Justice for All: William J. Brennan, Jr., and the decisions that transformed America
638:
in Cincinnati. During the early 1950s, he was elected to the Cincinnati City Council.
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2244:(2nd ed.) (Supreme Court Historical Society), (Congressional Quarterly Books, 2001)
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843:(1973), which recognized the right to abortion under that right. Stewart opposed the
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696:
580:
481:
175:
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to succeed Stewart; she would become the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court.
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472:, in which a theater owner had been fined for showing a supposedly obscene film.
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2708:
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2664:
2632:
2498:
2265:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
2099:
1867:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
1854:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
1827:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
1805:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
1711:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
1695:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
1264:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
724:
720:
655:
600:
596:
576:
528:
135:
1167:
Most of Stewart's personal and official papers are archived at the manuscript
393:. In 1958, Eisenhower nominated Stewart to succeed retiring Associate Justice
3590:
3270:
3074:
3068:
3056:
2948:
2923:
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2628:
2267:(Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, editors) (Chelsea House Publishers, 1995)
1123:
1112:
966:
806:
798:
745:
572:
994:(1973), broadly laying out the requirements of standing in federal actions.
823:
then in force, and he then joined in the Court's decision four years later,
3532:
3514:
3490:
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3356:
3320:
3008:
2978:
2966:
2868:
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2824:
2808:
2776:
2728:
2466:
2354:
2209:
A Lawyer's Lawyer, a Judge's Judge: Potter Stewart and the Fourth Amendment
1731:
1425:
1371:
1183:
1103:
Both cases have been cited as some of the worst decisions from the court.
753:
611:
410:
402:
374:
302:
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aboard oil tankers. In 1943, he married Mary Ann Bertles in a ceremony at
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898:
865:
860:
844:
839:
716:
584:
452:
3657:
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower
3434:
3332:
2760:
848:
784:, Stewart found no precedent to remove school sponsored prayer, and in
493:
382:
2585:
2175:
Lukas, J. Anthony (February 1989). "Playboy Interview: Bob Woodward".
401:
confirmation afterwards. He was frequently in the minority during the
3140:
2616:
1208:
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 8)
884:
712:
557:
537:
358:
from 1958 to 1981. During his tenure, he made major contributions to
2612:
2432:
2420:
Potter Stewart: Decisional Patterns in Search of Doctrinal Moorings
768:(1963)), the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination (
728:
704:
406:
3627:
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
1132:, a 13-episode learning course series broadcast in 1984 about the
1935:
1473:"Nomination of Potter Stewart as Assoc. Justice of Supreme Court"
1095:
736:
700:
511:
Stewart earned an academic scholarship to attend the prestigious
2295:
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
1279:
The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–2012
1151:. On December 7, 1985, he died from a stroke at a hospital in
847:
and on a number of occasions urged the Supreme Court to grant
2449:
Biography, bibliography, location of papers on Potter Stewart
2242:
The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies,1789–1995
2152:
Biography, bibliography, location of papers on Potter Stewart
2207:
Barnett, Helaine M., Janice Goldman, and Jeffrey B. Morris.
858:
He was the lone dissenter in the landmark juvenile law case
2537:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
1936:"Milliken v. Bradley - Wikisource, the free online library"
497:
48:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
2013:"Justice Potter Stewart announced Thursday he is retiring"
1869:, Volume V. Chelsea House Publishers. 1978. Pages 298–299.
1424:
McMillion, Barry J.; Rutkus, Denis Steven (July 6, 2018).
1377:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
1203:
List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
682:
on the U.S. Supreme Court on October 14, 1958, to succeed
1266:, Volume V. Chelsea House Publishers. 1978. page 291–292.
1218:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Warren Court
1213:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Burger Court
1601:
1186:
disclosed that Stewart had been the primary source for
851:
on cases challenging the constitutionality of the war.
1764:"Retired High Court Justice Potter Stewart Dies at 70"
1402:. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States
2333:
The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary
1856:, Volume V. Chelsea House Publishers. 1978. Page 297.
1829:, Volume V. Chelsea House Publishers. 1978. Page 294.
1807:, Volume V. Chelsea House Publishers. 1978. Page 292.
1713:, Volume V. Chelsea House Publishers. 1978. Page 304.
1697:, Volume V. Chelsea House Publishers. 1978. Page 296.
1076:
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez,
2508:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
2453:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
1058:
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
911:
all I'll be remembered for that particular phrase."
780:(1964)) that went beyond the framers' intention. In
652:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
565:. While at Yale Law School, he was an editor of the
420:
Stewart wrote the majority opinion in cases such as
381:. After the war, he practiced law and served on the
356:
associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
329:
Potter Stewart delivers the opinion of the Court in
103:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
1664:Lamb, Charles M., Stephen C. Halpern, eds. (1991).
1080:
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
837:and was a key mover behind the Court's decision in
603:. The last would later become his colleague on the
3632:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
2335:(New York: Garland Publishing 1994). 590 pp.
1431:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
3561:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States
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1846:
1844:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1705:
1703:
1666:The Burger Court: Political and Judicial Profiles
1602:Woodward, Bob; Scott Armstrong (September 1979).
956:(1973), Stewart wrote that roving patrols of the
515:, where he graduated in 1933. He then went on to
3588:
2096:"Indian Hill Historical Society, Potter Stewart"
2066:"Stewart, an Ex-Justice, Hospitalized by Stroke"
1394:
1392:
444:. He wrote dissenting opinions in cases such as
1895:Alternative Reel Logo – Quietly Redefining the
1721:
1719:
1423:
1419:
1417:
626:(at which his brother Zeph—also an initiate of
1987:"The Worst Supreme Court Decisions Since 1960"
1872:
1841:
1786:
1700:
504:for nine years and was later a justice of the
2571:
2231:Mr. Justice Stewart: A Preliminary Appraisal.
1389:
1275:
1093:states that because there was no evidence of
3612:United States Navy personnel of World War II
2297:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.,
1716:
1546:
1544:
1501:. page 159. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1414:
2316:Martin, Fenton S. and Goehlert, Robert U.,
2196:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
1341:"Stewart, Potter - Federal Judicial Center"
1296:
551:in England for a year, Stewart enrolled at
475:
391:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
2578:
2564:
2463:U.S. Supreme Court media on Potter Stewart
2123:"The Dissenter, Justice John Paul Stevens"
1451:"Supreme Court Nominations (1789-Present)"
1269:
547:. After studying international law at the
362:, civil rights, access to the courts, and
115:April 27, 1954 – October 13, 1958
31:
16:US Supreme Court justice from 1958 to 1981
2320:, (Congressional Quarterly Books, 1990).
2218:Barnett, Helaine M., and Kenneth Levine.
1897:Internet Top 10 Quotes Against Censorship
1816:Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969)
1541:
1369:
1335:
1333:
1331:
2438:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
1761:
1755:
1453:. Washington, D.C.: United States Senate
1370:McMillion, Barry J. (January 28, 2022).
641:
389:appointed Stewart to a judgeship on the
60:October 14, 1958 – July 3, 1981
1576:, page 357, Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt.
1529:from the original on September 24, 2015
1129:The Constitution: That Delicate Balance
1106:
3617:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
3589:
2909:
2364:The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court
2318:The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography
2133:from the original on November 24, 2020
1363:
1328:
982:Stewart wrote the Court's opinions in
3647:People from Sugar Hill, New Hampshire
2908:
2598:
2559:
2174:
2121:Rosen, Jeffrey (September 23, 2007).
2120:
1774:from the original on October 18, 2014
1351:from the original on October 26, 2020
1244:from the original on January 26, 2019
1155:, at the age of 70. He was buried in
575:. Other members of that era included
2076:from the original on August 20, 2018
1525:. U.S. Supreme Court. June 5, 1961.
1511:
1479:from the original on October 6, 2014
1143:On January 20 and 21, 1985, Stewart
2290:New York: Macmillan, 1964, 133–148.
1959:
1276:Clare Cushman (December 11, 2012).
1024:Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham
973:
914:
833:, Stewart changed his views on the
765:Abington School District v. Schempp
650:on April 6, 1954, to a seat on the
646:Stewart was nominated by President
13:
3569:
2889:
2599:
2588:Supreme Court of the United States
2186:
2063:
2045:from the original on July 13, 2014
1838:Whalen v. Roe, 429 U.S. 589 (1977)
1743:from the original on July 10, 2017
1316:from the original on March 5, 2016
1282:. SAGE Publications. p. 418.
664:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
3698:
2426:
2098:. January 1, 2001. Archived from
2039:"Reagan's Nomination of O'Connor"
1574:Justice Brennan, Liberal Champion
805:, many speculated that President
385:city council. In 1954, President
2483:Supreme Court Historical Society
953:Almeida-Sanchez v. United States
678:from President Eisenhower as an
669:
319:
3677:American expatriates in England
2168:
2145:
2114:
2088:
2057:
2031:
2005:
1979:
1962:"How Did They Get It So Wrong?"
1953:
1928:
1903:
1888:
1859:
1832:
1819:
1810:
1687:
1658:
1635:
1626:
1595:
1586:
1566:
1491:
1465:
1145:administered the oath of office
997:
541:. He served as chairman of the
466:" with a concurring opinion in
232:
2418:Yarbrough, Tinsley E. Justice
1443:
1256:
1230:
864:(1967). That case extended to
819:(1972), which invalidated all
1:
3687:Centrism in the United States
3667:United States Navy reservists
1762:Al Kamen (December 8, 1985).
1224:
1008:(1968), Stewart extended the
462:. He popularized the phrase "
3607:20th-century American judges
1475:. govtrack.us. May 5, 1959.
1050:
1005:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
423:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
7:
2458:Arlington National Cemetery
2220:Mr. Justice Potter Stewart.
1737:Chicago-Kent College of Law
1312:. May 8, 1936. p. 18.
1195:
1162:
1157:Arlington National Cemetery
1030:In a dissenting opinion in
958:United States Border Patrol
605:United States Supreme Court
519:, where he was a member of
373:in 1941, Stewart served in
204:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
3703:
3682:Members of Skull and Bones
2179:. No. 36. p. 62.
2157:February 18, 2012, at the
1497:Eisler, Kim Isaac (1993).
1400:"Justices 1789 to Present"
1134:United States Constitution
797:Before the appointment of
692:Senate Judiciary Committee
658:. He was confirmed by the
488:. His father, a prominent
379:United States Navy Reserve
293:United States Navy Reserve
3567:
2917:
2904:
2887:
2607:
2594:
2544:
2533:
2525:
2515:
2503:
2495:
2490:
1559:December 2, 2016, at the
1033:Ginzburg v. United States
345:
308:
298:
288:
278:
273:
250:
242:
219:
209:
199:
182:
162:
157:
153:
141:
129:
119:
108:
100:
88:
76:
64:
53:
46:
42:
30:
23:
2235:University of Cincinnati
2213:University of Cincinnati
476:Early life and education
3637:Lawyers from Cincinnati
3622:Hotchkiss School alumni
2443:Federal Judicial Center
2441:, a publication of the
2064:AP (December 7, 1985).
1169:Yale University Library
895:I know it when I see it
791:Griswold v. Connecticut
688:judicial oath of office
620:Bruton Episcopal Church
593:R. Sargent Shriver
549:University of Cambridge
464:I know it when I see it
459:Griswold v. Connecticut
360:criminal justice reform
268:University of Cambridge
37:Official portrait, 1976
3672:American Episcopalians
3662:Yale Law School alumni
3574:
2894:
2477:April 8, 2016, at the
2237:Law Review 401 (1959).
2226:Law Review 526 (1965).
2215:Law Review 509 (1982).
1650:June 24, 2016, at the
1173:New Haven, Connecticut
1153:Hanover, New Hampshire
991:United States v. SCRAP
880:(1963), respectively.
624:Williamsburg, Virginia
486:James Garfield Stewart
369:After graduating from
336:Recorded June 27, 1977
315:Potter Stewart's voice
193:Hanover, New Hampshire
3573:
2893:
2741:Edward Douglass White
2293:Hall, Kermit L., ed.
2163:U.S. Court of Appeals
1010:1866 Civil Rights Act
985:Sierra Club v. Morton
925:Katz v. United States
922:Stewart's opinion in
642:Sixth Circuit service
441:Sierra Club v. Morton
429:Katz v. United States
2773:Charles Evans Hughes
2519:Lester LeFevre Cecil
2331:Urofsky, Melvin I.,
1610:Simon & Schuster
1107:Retirement and death
944:Chimel v. California
877:Gideon v. Wainwright
699:(both senators from
660:United States Senate
648:Dwight D. Eisenhower
636:Dinsmore & Shohl
480:Stewart was born in
435:Chimel v. California
387:Dwight D. Eisenhower
332:Dothard v. Rawlinson
148:Lester LeFevre Cecil
125:Dwight D. Eisenhower
71:Dwight D. Eisenhower
3652:Recess appointments
2757:William Howard Taft
2548:Sandra Day O'Connor
2224:New York University
2192:Abraham, Henry J.,
2102:on October 11, 2007
1768:The Washington Post
1572:Stern, Seth (2010)
1147:for Vice President
1117:Sandra Day O'Connor
1091:Milliken v. Bradley
1064:Milliken v. Bradley
674:Stewart received a
628:Delta Kappa Epsilon
614:as a member of the
555:where he graduated
521:Delta Kappa Epsilon
502:mayor of Cincinnati
415:Sandra Day O'Connor
377:as a member of the
95:Sandra Day O'Connor
3575:
2911:Associate justices
2895:
2529:Harold Hitz Burton
2286:Frank, John Paul.
2229:Berman, Daniel M.
2127:The New York Times
2070:The New York Times
1960:Journal, A. B. A.
1523:366 US 717 (1961)"
1309:The New York Times
890:Jacobellis v. Ohio
871:Miranda v. Arizona
821:death penalty laws
771:Miranda v. Arizona
697:Southern Democrats
684:Harold Hitz Burton
676:recess appointment
616:U.S. Naval Reserve
610:Stewart served in
523:(Phi chapter) and
506:Ohio Supreme Court
469:Jacobellis v. Ohio
409:swing vote on the
397:, and Stewart won
395:Harold Hitz Burton
283:United States Navy
83:Harold Hitz Burton
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
2900:
2899:
2853:William Rehnquist
2554:
2553:
2545:Succeeded by
2516:Succeeded by
2413:978-0-7432-7402-9
2389:978-0-671-24110-0
2373:978-0-380-52183-8
2349:978-0-8153-1176-8
2311:978-0-19-505835-2
2288:The Warren Court.
2281:978-0-7910-1377-9
2258:978-1-56802-126-3
2161:at Sixth Circuit
1993:. October 6, 2015
1940:en.wikisource.org
1915:en.wikisource.org
1885:. 1978. Page 299.
1289:978-1-4522-3534-9
1240:. March 5, 2013.
1177:John Paul Stevens
1149:George H. W. Bush
1015:Runyon v. McCrary
934:expectation. The
816:Furman v. Georgia
680:associate justice
654:vacated by Judge
581:Peter H. Dominick
405:but emerged as a
349:
348:
324:
176:Jackson, Michigan
3694:
3642:Ohio Republicans
3563:
3463:
3317:
3255:
3211:
2927:
2906:
2905:
2837:Warren E. Burger
2645:Oliver Ellsworth
2596:
2595:
2586:Justices of the
2580:
2573:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2539:
2526:Preceded by
2510:
2496:Preceded by
2488:
2487:
2359:Armstrong, Scott
2355:Woodward, Robert
2263:Frank, John P.,
2240:Cushman, Clare,
2181:
2180:
2172:
2166:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2041:. archives.gov.
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1907:
1901:
1892:
1886:
1881:Friedman, Leon.
1879:
1870:
1865:Friedman, Leon.
1863:
1857:
1852:Friedman, Leon.
1850:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1825:Friedman, Leon.
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1803:Friedman, Leon.
1801:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1727:"Potter Stewart"
1723:
1714:
1709:Friedman, Leon.
1707:
1698:
1693:Friedman, Leon.
1691:
1685:
1662:
1656:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1570:
1564:
1548:
1539:
1538:
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1534:
1515:
1509:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1469:
1463:
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1458:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
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1430:
1421:
1412:
1411:
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1407:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1337:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1273:
1267:
1262:Friedman, Leon.
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1234:
1138:Fred W. Friendly
974:Access to courts
915:Fourth Amendment
835:right of privacy
826:Gregg v. Georgia
777:Reynolds v. Sims
733:Spessard Holland
589:William Scranton
571:and a member of
568:Yale Law Journal
563:Bachelor of Laws
533:Bachelor of Arts
513:Hotchkiss School
364:Fourth Amendment
326:
325:
274:Military service
236:
234:
225:Mary Ann Bertles
189:
186:December 7, 1985
173:January 23, 1915
172:
170:
158:Personal details
144:
132:
122:
113:
91:
79:
67:
58:
35:
21:
20:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3576:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3458:
3399:J. M. Harlan II
3312:
3250:
3206:
2922:
2913:
2896:
2885:
2884:
2789:Harlan F. Stone
2725:Melville Fuller
2693:Salmon P. Chase
2603:
2590:
2584:
2550:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2479:Wayback Machine
2429:
2189:
2187:Further reading
2184:
2173:
2169:
2159:Wayback Machine
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2019:. June 18, 1981
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1802:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1708:
1701:
1692:
1688:
1663:
1659:
1652:Wayback Machine
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1561:Wayback Machine
1549:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1198:
1165:
1109:
1053:
1000:
976:
917:
759:Engel v. Vitale
672:
644:
632:Skull and Bones
561:in 1941 with a
553:Yale Law School
544:Yale Daily News
531:in 1937 with a
525:Skull and Bones
517:Yale University
478:
447:Engel v. Vitale
371:Yale Law School
366:jurisprudence.
341:
340:
339:
338:
337:
335:
327:
320:
317:
266:
255:Yale University
238:
235: 1943)
230:
226:
210:Political party
191:
187:
174:
168:
166:
142:
130:
120:
114:
109:
89:
77:
65:
59:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3700:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3568:
3566:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3553:(2022–present)
3548:
3547:(2020–present)
3542:
3541:(2018–present)
3536:
3535:(2017–present)
3530:
3529:(2010–present)
3524:
3523:(2009–present)
3518:
3517:(2006–present)
3512:
3506:
3500:
3499:(1991–present)
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2866:
2850:
2834:
2818:
2805:Fred M. Vinson
2802:
2786:
2770:
2754:
2738:
2722:
2709:Morrison Waite
2706:
2690:
2677:Roger B. Taney
2674:
2658:
2642:
2626:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:Chief justices
2592:
2591:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2502:
2499:Xenophon Hicks
2497:
2493:
2492:
2491:Legal offices
2486:
2485:
2472:Potter Stewart
2469:
2460:
2455:
2446:
2433:Potter Stewart
2428:
2427:External links
2425:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2352:
2329:
2314:
2291:
2284:
2261:
2238:
2227:
2216:
2205:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2167:
2144:
2113:
2087:
2056:
2030:
2004:
1978:
1952:
1927:
1902:
1887:
1871:
1858:
1840:
1831:
1818:
1809:
1785:
1754:
1715:
1699:
1686:
1657:
1634:
1625:
1618:
1594:
1585:
1565:
1540:
1510:
1490:
1464:
1442:
1413:
1388:
1362:
1327:
1295:
1288:
1268:
1255:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1164:
1161:
1108:
1105:
1052:
1049:
999:
996:
975:
972:
916:
913:
725:South Carolina
721:North Carolina
686:. He took the
671:
668:
656:Xenophon Hicks
643:
640:
601:Byron R. White
597:Cyrus R. Vance
577:Gerald R. Ford
529:Phi Beta Kappa
477:
474:
352:Potter Stewart
347:
346:
343:
342:
328:
318:
313:
312:
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
290:
286:
285:
280:
279:Branch/service
276:
275:
271:
270:
252:
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
228:
224:
223:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
190:(aged 70)
184:
180:
179:
164:
160:
159:
155:
154:
151:
150:
145:
139:
138:
136:Xenophon Hicks
133:
127:
126:
123:
117:
116:
106:
105:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
80:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
51:
50:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
25:Potter Stewart
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3699:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3572:
3562:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:* (1972–1986)
3461:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:* (1925–1941)
3315:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:* (1910–1916)
3253:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:* (1894–1910)
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:* (1790–1791)
2925:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2661:John Marshall
2659:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2629:John Rutledge
2627:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2511:
2509:
2506:Judge of the
2500:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
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2447:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2405:0-7432-7402-4
2402:
2398:
2397:0-671-24110-9
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:0-380-52183-0
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:0-8153-1176-1
2338:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:0-87187-554-3
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:0-19-505835-6
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:0-7910-1377-4
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2250:1-56802-126-7
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:0-19-506557-3
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1828:
1822:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1683:
1682:9780252061356
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:Wisc. L. Rev.
1638:
1629:
1621:
1619:0-671-24110-9
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1582:0-547-14925-5
1579:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1521:Irvin v. Dowd
1514:
1508:
1507:0-671-76787-9
1504:
1500:
1494:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1452:
1446:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1373:
1366:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1265:
1259:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
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1201:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1124:senior status
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:Ronald Reagan
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1006:
995:
993:
992:
987:
986:
980:
971:
969:
968:
967:Whalen v. Roe
962:
959:
955:
954:
948:
946:
945:
939:
937:
932:
927:
926:
920:
912:
908:
906:
905:
900:
896:
892:
891:
886:
881:
879:
878:
873:
872:
867:
863:
862:
856:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:
836:
832:
828:
827:
822:
818:
817:
811:
808:
807:Richard Nixon
804:
803:Chief Justice
800:
799:Warren Burger
795:
793:
792:
787:
783:
779:
778:
773:
772:
767:
766:
761:
760:
755:
750:
748:
747:
746:Irvin v. Dowd
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
670:Supreme Court
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:Phi Delta Phi
570:
569:
564:
560:
559:
554:
550:
546:
545:
540:
539:
534:
530:
527:, graduating
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
473:
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:
455:
454:
449:
448:
443:
442:
437:
436:
431:
430:
425:
424:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
344:
334:
333:
316:
307:
304:
301:
297:
294:
291:
287:
284:
281:
277:
272:
269:
264:
260:
256:
253:
249:
245:
241:
222:
218:
215:
212:
208:
205:
202:
200:Resting place
198:
194:
185:
181:
177:
165:
161:
156:
152:
149:
146:
140:
137:
134:
128:
124:
118:
112:
107:
104:
101:Judge of the
99:
96:
93:
87:
84:
81:
75:
72:
69:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3560:
3416:
3259:Van Devanter
3147:J. M. Harlan
2876:
2873:2005–present
2869:John Roberts
2860:
2844:
2828:
2812:
2796:
2780:
2764:
2748:
2732:
2716:
2700:
2684:
2668:
2652:
2636:
2620:
2534:
2504:
2467:Oyez Project
2436:
2419:
2362:
2332:
2317:
2294:
2287:
2264:
2241:
2230:
2219:
2208:
2193:
2176:
2170:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2126:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:the original
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2069:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2033:
2023:February 22,
2021:. Retrieved
2016:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1990:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:
1905:
1896:
1890:
1882:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1834:
1826:
1821:
1812:
1804:
1776:. Retrieved
1767:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1730:
1710:
1694:
1689:
1665:
1660:
1643:
1637:
1628:
1605:The Brethren
1603:
1597:
1588:
1573:
1568:
1552:
1531:. Retrieved
1520:
1513:
1498:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1467:
1457:February 18,
1455:. Retrieved
1445:
1433:. Retrieved
1406:February 18,
1404:. Retrieved
1381:February 18,
1379:. Retrieved
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1344:
1318:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1232:
1189:The Brethren
1187:
1184:Bob Woodward
1181:
1166:
1142:
1127:
1121:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1031:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1003:
1001:
998:Civil rights
989:
983:
981:
977:
965:
963:
951:
949:
942:
940:
935:
930:
923:
921:
918:
909:
902:
888:
882:
875:
869:
859:
857:
853:
838:
830:
824:
814:
812:
796:
789:
785:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
754:Warren Court
751:
744:
741:
673:
645:
612:World War II
609:
566:
556:
542:
536:
510:
500:, served as
479:
467:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
419:
411:Burger Court
403:Warren Court
375:World War II
368:
351:
350:
330:
303:World War II
299:Battles/wars
188:(1985-12-07)
143:Succeeded by
121:Nominated by
110:
90:Succeeded by
66:Nominated by
55:
18:
3602:1985 deaths
3597:1915 births
3511:(1994–2022)
3505:(1993–2020)
3493:(1990–2009)
3487:(1988–2018)
3481:(1986–2016)
3475:(1981–2006)
3469:(1975–2010)
3455:(1972–1987)
3449:(1970–1994)
3443:(1967–1991)
3441:T. Marshall
3437:(1965–1969)
3431:(1962–1965)
3425:(1962–1993)
3419:(1958–1981)
3413:(1957–1962)
3407:(1956–1990)
3401:(1955–1971)
3395:(1949–1956)
3389:(1949–1967)
3383:(1945–1958)
3377:(1943–1949)
3375:W. Rutledge
3371:(1941–1954)
3365:(1941–1942)
3359:(1940–1949)
3353:(1939–1975)
3347:(1939–1962)
3345:Frankfurter
3341:(1938–1957)
3335:(1937–1971)
3329:(1932–1938)
3323:(1930–1945)
3309:(1923–1930)
3303:(1923–1939)
3297:(1922–1938)
3291:(1916–1922)
3285:(1916–1939)
3279:(1914–1941)
3273:(1912–1922)
3267:(1911–1916)
3261:(1911–1937)
3247:(1910–1914)
3241:(1906–1910)
3235:(1903–1922)
3229:(1902–1932)
3223:(1898–1925)
3217:(1896–1909)
3203:(1893–1895)
3197:(1892–1903)
3191:(1891–1906)
3185:(1890–1910)
3179:(1888–1893)
3173:(1882–1893)
3167:(1882–1902)
3161:(1881–1889)
3155:(1881–1887)
3149:(1877–1911)
3143:(1873–1882)
3137:(1870–1892)
3131:(1870–1880)
3125:(1863–1897)
3119:(1862–1877)
3113:(1862–1890)
3107:(1862–1881)
3101:(1858–1881)
3095:(1853–1861)
3089:(1851–1857)
3083:(1846–1870)
3077:(1845–1851)
3071:(1845–1872)
3065:(1842–1860)
3059:(1838–1852)
3053:(1837–1865)
3047:(1836–1841)
3041:(1835–1867)
3035:(1830–1844)
3029:(1829–1861)
3023:(1826–1828)
3017:(1823–1843)
3011:(1812–1845)
3005:(1811–1835)
2999:(1807–1826)
2993:(1807–1823)
2987:(1804–1834)
2981:(1800–1804)
2975:(1798–1829)
2969:(1796–1811)
2963:(1793–1806)
2957:(1792–1793)
2951:(1790–1799)
2945:(1790–1795)
2939:(1789–1798)
2933:(1790–1810)
2924:J. Rutledge
2821:Earl Warren
2049:November 7,
1966:ABA Journal
1632:Eisler, 232
1592:Eisler, 182
1355:November 5,
1345:www.fjc.gov
1248:January 25,
1122:He assumed
988:(1972) and
899:Louis Malle
874:(1966) and
861:In re Gault
845:Vietnam War
840:Roe v. Wade
717:Mississippi
585:Walter Lord
453:In re Gault
131:Preceded by
78:Preceded by
3591:Categories
3551:K. Jackson
3369:R. Jackson
3321:O. Roberts
3295:Sutherland
3277:McReynolds
3201:H. Jackson
3171:Blatchford
2991:Livingston
2985:W. Johnson
2973:Washington
2955:T. Johnson
2542:1958–1981
2513:1954–1958
2106:January 2,
2080:August 20,
1778:January 2,
1674:0252061357
1483:January 2,
1320:January 2,
1225:References
1115:nominated
904:The Lovers
849:certiorari
494:Cincinnati
490:Republican
383:Cincinnati
214:Republican
169:1915-01-23
3539:Kavanaugh
3521:Sotomayor
3460:Rehnquist
3411:Whittaker
2857:1986–2005
2841:1969–1986
2825:1953–1969
2809:1946–1953
2793:1941–1946
2777:1930–1941
2761:1921–1930
2745:1910–1921
2729:1888–1910
2713:1874–1888
2697:1864–1873
2681:1836–1864
2665:1801–1835
2649:1796–1800
2617:1789–1795
1997:March 12,
1971:March 12,
1945:March 12,
1920:March 12,
1182:In 1989,
1051:Education
885:obscenity
713:Louisiana
558:cum laude
538:cum laude
251:Education
111:In office
56:In office
3503:Ginsburg
3473:O'Connor
3447:Blackmun
3429:Goldberg
3423:B. White
3283:Brandeis
3265:J. Lamar
3208:E. White
3177:L. Lamar
3159:Matthews
3099:Clifford
3093:Campbell
3075:Woodbury
3057:McKinley
3015:Thompson
2967:S. Chase
2961:Paterson
2613:John Jay
2475:Archived
2367:(1979).
2155:Archived
2131:Archived
2074:Archived
2043:Archived
1772:Archived
1747:June 27,
1741:Archived
1648:Archived
1557:Archived
1553:NY Times
1533:July 18,
1527:Archived
1477:Archived
1435:March 9,
1349:Archived
1314:Archived
1242:Archived
1196:See also
1163:Archives
887:case of
831:Griswold
786:Abington
762:(1962),
729:Virginia
705:Arkansas
407:centrist
243:Children
3545:Barrett
3533:Gorsuch
3485:Kennedy
3467:Stevens
3417:Stewart
3405:Brennan
3351:Douglas
3327:Cardozo
3307:Sanford
3221:McKenna
3215:Peckham
3135:Bradley
3045:Barbour
3033:Baldwin
3021:Trimble
2949:Iredell
2931:Cushing
2481:at the
2465:at the
2451:at the
2435:at the
2177:Playboy
2137:May 22,
1096:de jure
1087:opinion
1072:opinion
1070:In his
883:In the
737:Florida
731:, plus
709:Georgia
701:Alabama
535:degree
482:Jackson
237:
229:
3509:Breyer
3497:Thomas
3491:Souter
3479:Scalia
3453:Powell
3435:Fortas
3393:Minton
3381:Burton
3363:Byrnes
3357:Murphy
3301:Butler
3289:Clarke
3271:Pitney
3252:Hughes
3245:Lurton
3227:Holmes
3195:Shiras
3183:Brewer
3129:Strong
3111:Miller
3105:Swayne
3087:Curtis
3069:Nelson
3063:Daniel
3051:Catron
3027:McLean
3003:Duvall
2937:Wilson
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2347:
2339:
2324:
2309:
2301:
2279:
2271:
2256:
2248:
2200:
1680:
1672:
1616:
1580:
1505:
1286:
866:minors
599:, and
438:, and
399:Senate
220:Spouse
195:, U.S.
178:, U.S.
3527:Kagan
3515:Alito
3387:Clark
3333:Black
3314:Stone
3239:Moody
3189:Brown
3153:Woods
3123:Field
3117:Davis
3081:Grier
3039:Wayne
3009:Story
2979:Moore
2943:Blair
2878:cases
2862:cases
2846:cases
2830:cases
2814:cases
2798:cases
2782:cases
2766:cases
2750:cases
2734:cases
2718:cases
2702:cases
2686:cases
2670:cases
2654:cases
2638:cases
2622:cases
2211:. 51
1429:(PDF)
1375:(PDF)
1136:with
1040:
782:Engel
492:from
231:(
227:
3339:Reed
3165:Gray
3141:Hunt
2997:Todd
2633:1795
2409:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2393:ISBN
2385:ISBN
2377:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2357:and
2345:ISBN
2337:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2307:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2277:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2254:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2139:2010
2108:2015
2082:2018
2051:2015
2025:2024
1999:2024
1991:TIME
1973:2024
1947:2024
1922:2024
1780:2015
1749:2017
1732:Oyez
1678:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1535:2018
1503:ISBN
1485:2015
1459:2022
1437:2022
1408:2022
1383:2022
1357:2018
1322:2015
1284:ISBN
1250:2019
1089:for
1085:His
1074:for
1061:and
1042:U.S.
936:Katz
931:Katz
727:and
630:and
498:Ohio
456:and
289:Unit
183:Died
163:Born
3233:Day
2233:28
2222:40
2017:UPI
1171:in
1082:.
1045:463
1038:383
1021:In
1002:In
964:In
950:In
941:In
901:'s
801:as
735:of
622:in
263:LLB
3593::
2875:,
2859:,
2843:,
2827:,
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2252:;
2129:.
2125:.
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2068:.
2015:.
1989:.
1964:.
1938:.
1913:.
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1843:^
1788:^
1770:.
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3559:*
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2871:(
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2807:(
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2785:)
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2727:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
