2089:
2306:
3008:
2246:
1443:
1214:
1785:
745:
8226:
8751:
8731:
8702:
8660:
8624:
8595:
8566:
8530:
8488:
8452:
8423:
8394:
8358:
8336:
8300:
8271:
8242:
273:
8783:
7795:
6954:
388:
391:
395:
394:
390:
389:
124:, a trill may often be reduced to a single vibration in unstressed positions. In Italian, a simple trill typically displays only one or two vibrations, while a geminate trill will have three or more. Languages where trills always have multiple vibrations include
396:
2771:
393:
2090:
2307:
3009:
4225:
2769:
2854:, with the frication sounding rather like but less retracted. It sounds like a simultaneous and , and some speakers tend to pronounce it as , , or . In the IPA, it is typically written as ⟨
2247:
202:
5296:
4414:
1444:
1215:
1786:
5332:
2770:
746:
392:
4270:
200:
5306:
3069:
Usually released as a normal trilled , sometimes it has a slightly fricative character vaguely reminiscent of Czech ř. Dzongkha r is followed by the low register tone.
5316:
5301:
201:
4040:
4337:
A. Raymond
Elliott, P. Hernández Cruz & F. Sandoval Cruz, "Dàj guruguiˈ yumiguiì 'de como apareció la gente del mundo': leyenda en triqui de Chicahuaxtla".
8878:
4229:
5286:
4459:
5263:
5253:
4447:
4188:
3407:
Possible realization of /r/ in some dialects, may also be realized as a non-sibilant alveolar fricative or as a sibilant retroflex fricative .
5248:
8934:
8155:
6201:
5947:
3021:
2777:
565:
Apical, palatalized. Usually only a single vibration, presumably due to the palatalization. It contrasts with a post-alveolar trill. See
4276:
6215:
6208:
5954:
8944:
6429:
6187:
5933:
2398:
2055:
2047:
1800:
1085:
674:
627:
3458:/ʒ/ appears to have been a fricative trill in the 19th century, and survived latterly only in women's usage in Southern Tsakonian.
8949:
5198:
7944:
6222:
5919:
8117:
8047:
7983:
7906:
6194:
5940:
4763:
3497:
400:
A trill extended for about 2 seconds, captured in slow motion to reveal the individual 36–44 Hz tongue oscillations.
8792:
8327:
8112:
7990:
7887:
7804:
6963:
6724:
6631:
5212:
5077:
5051:
5016:
4947:
4920:
4851:
4830:
4792:
4734:
4608:
4548:
4530:
4022:
8067:
8004:
7809:
6814:
6706:
6613:
5926:
3738:
3978:
3602:
8343:
8160:
8011:
7957:
7913:
7343:
7298:
6801:
6738:
6645:
6096:
5852:
3791:
2547:
1062:
8365:
8140:
7925:
7894:
7309:
7261:
7247:
7189:
7175:
6823:
6731:
6638:
5243:
4810:
4691:
4049:
3111:
8849:
8414:
8089:
8074:
7854:
7323:
6841:
6752:
6713:
6659:
6620:
6377:
5149:
4773:
4196:. Dzongkha Development Corporation, Royal Government of Bhutan. p. 93. Archived from the original on 2016-10-04.
3748:
3507:
8974:
8586:
7840:
7316:
6968:
6895:
6832:
6745:
6652:
6159:
6103:
6068:
5859:
5824:
4883:
8939:
8651:
8430:
8385:
7950:
7932:
6877:
6145:
5901:
5207:
2974:
2937:, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
2667:
2466:
588:
418:
359:, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
55:
824:
More commonly for most speakers. May occur word-initially; as against , which occurs medially and finally. See
8602:
8557:
8443:
7860:
7799:
7794:
7226:
7154:
6958:
6953:
6759:
6666:
6312:
6271:
6007:
5674:
151:
may find it exceptionally difficult to articulate the sound because of the limited mobility of their tongues.
8615:
8401:
8262:
7868:
7750:
7610:
7578:
6902:
6166:
6082:
6075:
5838:
5831:
5660:
5070:
Handbook of the
International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
5036:
Handbook of the
International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
4785:
Handbook of the
International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
4541:
Handbook of the
International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
4394:
4207:
4860:
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian
Spanish",
4470:
9244:
9234:
8954:
8883:
8722:
8573:
8459:
8150:
7846:
7741:
7730:
7642:
7254:
7182:
6884:
6342:
6152:
6131:
6054:
5908:
5887:
5810:
5291:
5191:
1480:
5166:
5093:
5089:
4632:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3287:
3283:
3243:
3183:
3179:
3029:
3025:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2744:
2735:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2535:
2502:
2437:
2353:
2102:
1938:
1934:
1837:
1318:
1275:
988:
491:
483:
175:
98:
74:
24:
9254:
9198:
9014:
9009:
8631:
8278:
8233:
7963:
7757:
7240:
7219:
7168:
6911:
6329:
6285:
6278:
6229:
6021:
6014:
5965:
5710:
5681:
5530:
5359:
4979:
3470:
272:
3675:
8999:
8787:
8782:
8693:
8291:
7874:
7771:
7693:
6571:
6464:
6351:
6257:
6173:
6089:
5993:
5845:
5692:
5667:
5646:
2598:
2174:
1512:
479:
101:⟩ is used in phonemic transcriptions (especially those found in dictionaries) of languages like
3246:, and speakers maintaining the distinction (which is mostly the elderly) sporadically do as well. See
9239:
9063:
8979:
8742:
8479:
8249:
8145:
7764:
7684:
7673:
7275:
7233:
7203:
7161:
6535:
6243:
6138:
6061:
5979:
5894:
5817:
5724:
5575:
5546:
2898:
is fricative trill, which means it is a non-sibilant fricative and a trill pronounced simultaneously.
2713:
2545:
2396:
2053:
2045:
1956:
1942:
1889:
1798:
672:
625:
5127:
4434:
9249:
9019:
8969:
8924:
8709:
8521:
8307:
7822:
7700:
7268:
7196:
6920:
6517:
6491:
6440:
6360:
6292:
6236:
5972:
5752:
5717:
5557:
5537:
5516:
2349:
1983:
160:
28:
9004:
8908:
8758:
8671:
8495:
7714:
7110:
6578:
6411:
6402:
6385:
6264:
6180:
6000:
5738:
5699:
5653:
5589:
5184:
4587:
1967:
863:
326:
208:
121:
4801:
Lass, Roger (1987), "Intradiphthongal
Dependencies", in Anderson, John; Durand, Jacques (eds.),
8989:
8984:
8964:
8537:
7707:
7471:
7409:
7101:
7090:
7035:
6557:
6542:
6422:
6250:
5986:
5731:
5617:
5582:
5473:
5458:
5442:
4429:
3266:
2895:
1821:
1279:
645:
291:
67:
8959:
8842:
7533:
7460:
7440:
7398:
7378:
7117:
7014:
6524:
6498:
6473:
6447:
5759:
5603:
5564:
5523:
5453:
5414:
5258:
3960:
2902:
918:
881:
438:
302:
4618:
4558:
3094:
Only some northern and northwestern speakers. Formerly common over the whole speaking area.
9212:
8888:
7996:
7522:
7502:
7480:
7418:
7131:
7070:
6393:
5745:
5596:
5498:
4722:
3291:
2785:
2557:
2154:
1845:
1651:
1415:
1360:
514:
462:
216:
5176:
3219:
3187:
113:
that are not an alveolar trill. That is partly for ease of typesetting and partly because
8:
9068:
8994:
8797:
8060:
7664:
7551:
7542:
7451:
7389:
7138:
7124:
7042:
6564:
5624:
5478:
5435:
3259:
3254:
2941:
2867:
2851:
2627:
2486:
2374:
2319:
2123:
2075:
2029:
1930:
1841:
1814:
1635:
1628:
1392:
1326:
1139:
1110:
1068:
901:
633:
544:
455:
363:
141:
8083:
7513:
7079:
7028:
7007:
5766:
5610:
5468:
5448:
5402:
5138:
5115:
5057:
4940:
De la fonètica a la fonologia: les consonants i assimilacions consonàntiques del català
4505:
4372:
4201:
3740:
Investigating
Language Attitudes: Social Meanings of Dialect, Ethnicity and Performance
3438:
3364:
3074:
2949:
2945:
2909:
2847:
2816:, there are two contrasting alveolar trills. Besides the typical apical trill, written
2692:
2416:
2287:
2280:
1997:
1771:
1497:
1187:
926:
874:
684:
601:
530:
431:
371:
367:
316:
63:
298:, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
8508:
8039:
7434:
7285:
7049:
6976:
6590:
5503:
5483:
5425:
5311:
5145:
5103:
5087:
5073:
5061:
5047:
5012:
4943:
4916:
4847:
4826:
4806:
4788:
4769:
4730:
4687:
4604:
4544:
4526:
4510:
4376:
3744:
3503:
3298:
3040:
2953:
2934:
2906:
2843:
2645:
2506:
2404:
2256:
2178:
2140:
2106:
2061:
1621:
1463:
1456:
1227:
1170:
1163:
1126:
1091:
1034:
1005:
972:
825:
768:
761:
726:
714:
566:
507:
375:
356:
137:
125:
8873:
8835:
8318:
7372:
7063:
7021:
5493:
5463:
5430:
5420:
5039:
4994:
4965:
4898:
4869:
4709:
4669:
4647:
4500:
4490:
4481:
Chaubal, Tanay V.; Dixit, Mala
Baburaj (2011), "Ankyloglossia and its Management",
4439:
4364:
3387:
3380:
3247:
2879:
2620:
2541:
2479:
2411:
2364:
2147:
2113:
2068:
2022:
1806:
1757:
1700:
1605:
1598:
1429:
1422:
1201:
1194:
1104:
1057:
1017:
942:
908:
867:
800:
793:
719:
537:
335:
310:
129:
110:
102:
59:
36:
4352:
9098:
8893:
8642:
8376:
7833:
7363:
7056:
6485:
5488:
5354:
4820:
4783:
Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian",
4755:
4743:
4598:
3489:
3412:
3354:
3163:
3153:
3142:
3033:
2685:
2680:
2513:
2452:
2357:
2215:
1990:
1882:
1764:
1740:
1733:
1686:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1338:
1050:
999:
992:
947:
839:
832:
640:
295:
106:
70:
4729:, Languages of the World/Materials; 148, Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa,
9178:
9043:
8548:
3099:
2994:
2987:
2927:
2913:
2875:
2813:
2333:
2326:
2266:
2185:
1949:
1857:
1844:
retain the alveolar trill, and the trill is still dominant in rural areas. See
1726:
1669:
1658:
1526:
1505:
1399:
1244:
1155:
1024:
965:
349:
320:
5043:
4999:
4970:
4903:
4874:
4859:
4714:
4674:
4652:
4368:
3966:
3799:
9228:
9057:
8207:
7724:
7566:
6980:
5164:
5107:
4759:
3698:
3493:
3303:
2709:
2586:
2222:
1663:
1468:
1286:
1133:
495:
148:
133:
4495:
4098:
4084:
3587:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
8053:
5775:
5027:
Palatogrammy i
Rentgenogrammy Soglasnyx Fonem Russkogo Literaturnogo Jazyka
4514:
2578:
2192:
2014:
1533:
1374:
1234:
487:
3207:
2538:, medially between vowels within the morpheme, and finally in the morpheme
855:
9191:
9050:
8805:
8219:
8202:
7976:
7496:
6300:
5369:
5347:
5038:, vol. 23, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 135–139,
4839:
266:
4443:
3737:
Garrett, Peter; Coupland, Nikola; Williams, Angie, eds. (15 July 2003).
3235:
9205:
8903:
8684:
8212:
5510:
5364:
5034:Šuštaršič, Rastislav; Komar, Smiljana; Petek, Bojan (1999), "Slovene",
4978:Šimáčková, Šárka; Podlipský, Václav Jonáš; Chládková, Kateřina (2012),
3888:
3604:
Limba Română contemporană. Fonetică. Fonologie. Ortografie. Lexicologie
2923:
is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
2752:
1849:
345:
is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
183:
4559:"Goralské nárečia (poznámky na okraj hesla v Encyklopédii jazykovedy)"
3215:
9036:
8898:
8470:
7972:
7213:
7146:
6032:
5788:
5392:
3341:
3239:
2920:
2882:
also has a fricative trill, but the degree of frication is variable.
1693:
342:
47:
3813:
3211:
2912:, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the
8776:
8107:
8029:
8023:
7788:
6947:
5785:
3700:中国人能发大舌音"RR" ( Some Chinese can pronounciate alveolar trills "RR" )
2167:
914:
859:
51:
4401:, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, May 16, 2012
3936:
1383:
1347:
159:"Alveolar trill" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see
9078:
7880:
7084:
5640:
5342:
5171:
4319:
3223:
3199:
3191:
2799:
254:
78:
3540:
8827:
4010:
3912:
3203:
3195:
3118:
2948:, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
1685:
May be postalveolar approximant , or more commonly, flap . See
370:, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
4467:
The Greek Language in Cyprus from Antiquity to the Present Day
3967:
Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003)
3948:
3516:
2930:, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
352:, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
9184:
9118:
9113:
9103:
8183:
5337:
5092:: mutually excluding innovations? On the diffusion of dorsal
3231:
3227:
1719:
1331:
1268:
9108:
9093:
1738:
1278:. Usual in clusters, otherwise a tap or an approximant. See
5206:
5072:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 104–107,
4977:
4931:
Slovenščina za Poljake: Kurs podstawowy języka słoweńskiego
4805:, Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland, pp. 109–131,
4174:
3924:
3242:. Most speakers, as well as standard Polish, merge it with
2708:
Varies between apical dental and apical alveolar; may be a
1667:
1367:
1096:
117:
is the letter used in the orthographies of such languages.
9088:
9083:
9073:
4603:(in Danish) (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag,
2862:⟩, but it has also been written as laminal ⟨
2822:
785:
706:
338:, which means it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue.
4787:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69,
4782:
4543:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–74,
3894:
3417:
4469:, University of Athens, pp. 107–124, archived from
4042:
Outlines of the phonology of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni
3656:
2421:
1905:
Pronounced as a trill at the beginning of a word, or as
4956:
Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian",
3772:
3736:
3194:
and those south, west and northwest of them, area from
2540:
before a following vowel in the same word. It can be a
2296:
1016:
Corresponds to much more back in standard Danish. See
8879:
Perception of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese speakers
3998:
3706:
3646:
3644:
3528:
3054:
924:
735:
8859:
4955:
4460:"A (brief) review of Cypriot Phonetics and Phonology"
3864:
3819:
3798:, Ερευνητικό Πρόγραμμα Συντυσές, 2011, archived from
1887:
809:
553:
6985:
Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
4021:
sfnp error: no target: CITEREFRecasensPallarès1995 (
3132:
2173:
Allophone of the more common , especially with more
1965:
1954:
656:
5098:. In van de Velde, Hans; van Hout, Roeland (eds.).
5033:
4556:
4325:
4156:
3942:
3900:
3876:
3641:
3379:Only in a few dialects near the Polish border. See
2842:. Its manner of articulation is similar to but is
1539:
1301:
1254:
1125:Only some dialects. Corresponds to in others. See
5137:
5102:. Brussels: Etudes & Travaux. pp. 75–90.
4754:
4150:
3840:
3718:
3635:
3546:
3488:
2721:
2236:
4987:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4958:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4938:Recasens, Daniel; Pallarès, Maria Dolors (2001),
4891:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4862:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4702:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4662:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4640:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2890:Features of the voiced alveolar fricative trill:
2606:
2562:
467:
9226:
4937:
4630:
4016:
3918:
3852:
3830:
3828:
3264:
1819:
1633:
1397:
5006:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
3762:
3760:
3558:
3443:
3079:
2644:Contrasts with a palatalized dental trill. See
2285:
1709:
1698:
879:
689:
609:
436:
4581:, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
4294:
4292:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4110:
4108:
3308:
3045:
1478:
1473:
766:
724:
512:
8843:
8156:Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop
5192:
4928:
4589:A Short Reference Grammar of Standard Slovene
3930:
3825:
3677:湖北方言里有颤音r (There is trill r in Hubei Dialect)
3392:
2858:⟩ plus the raising diacritic, ⟨
2625:
2484:
2372:
2152:
2121:
2073:
2027:
1603:
1427:
1199:
1168:
798:
542:
4825:, Continuum International Publishing Group,
4480:
4309:
4307:
4034:
4032:
3757:
3522:
3362:
3161:
3126:
3110:Amount of frication variable. May also be a
2690:
2518:
1995:
1769:
1579:
1568:
837:
650:
482:. The language's two other rhotic phonemes,
16:Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨r⟩ in IPA
8935:Voiced alveolar or postalveolar approximant
4631:Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010),
4538:
4483:Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
4393:
4289:
4236:
4175:Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012)
4135:
4129:
4105:
3600:
3534:
2992:
2331:
2202:
2190:
1862:
1531:
1336:
1291:
1242:
1032:
970:
862:while many other dialects have adopted the
8850:
8836:
5199:
5185:
4576:
4357:The Annual of the British School at Athens
4038:
3662:
2820:, there is another laminal trill, written
2589:. Another rhotic phoneme in the language,
2230:
1372:
19:"r (IPA)" redirects here. For the English
5254:Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)
5007:Siptár, Péter; Törkenczy, Miklós (2000),
4998:
4969:
4902:
4873:
4742:
4713:
4673:
4651:
4585:
4520:
4504:
4494:
4433:
4313:
4304:
4219:
4217:
4146:
4144:
4029:
3988:
3986:
3954:
3834:
3743:. University of Wales Press. p. 73.
3627:
3625:
3623:
3234:and areas to the north, and roughly from
5024:
4700:Kleine, Ane (2003), "Standard Yiddish",
4616:
4457:
4412:
4275:, Gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl, archived from
4223:
3778:
3766:
3712:
3631:
386:
154:
4881:
4846:(6th ed.), Mannheim: Dudenverlag,
4838:
4596:
4415:"Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art"
4298:
4114:
4004:
286:Features of the voiced alveolar trill:
9227:
5424:
5135:
5067:
4721:
4699:
4659:
4214:
4168:
4141:
4071:
3992:
3983:
3906:
3882:
3870:
3620:
3574:
3562:
2052:, and variable between trill and tap
1158:influence. Corresponds to in others.
8831:
8181:
7663:
7362:
7078:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5434:
5429:
5419:
5390:
5225:
5180:
5011:, New York: Oxford University Press,
4980:"Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia"
4818:
4620:ON THE PHONETIC NATURE OF THE LATIN R
4525:, Wrocław: wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie,
4350:
4186:
4162:
3282:Possible realization of the sequence
3148:Corresponds to /ʃ/ in Logar dialect.
2556:
2118:Some West coast and Northern dialects
8192:
8133:
7826:
7036:
6997:
5406:
5085:
5029:, Izdatelstvo Kievskogo Universiteta
4929:Pretnar, Tone; Tokarz, Emil (1980),
4822:A Critical Introduction to Phonetics
4803:Explorations in Dependency Phonology
4800:
4681:
3846:
3796:Cypriot Greek Lexicographic Database
3724:
3650:
3127:
2870:, it had a dedicated symbol ⟨
8161:Voiceless nasal glottal approximant
7015:
6975:Symbols to the right in a cell are
5068:Szende, Tamás (1999), "Hungarian",
4910:
4765:The Sounds of the World's Languages
4600:Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk
4557:Dudášová-Kriššáková, Júlia (1995),
4539:Dankovičová, Jana (1999), "Czech",
3943:Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999)
3858:
3499:The Sounds of the World's Languages
2834:'fishermen' and the common surname
2373:
1941:intervocally and word-finally. See
1373:
651:
13:
7071:
5244:International Phonetic Association
3502:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 221.
2017:, particularly when not syllabic.
499:
14:
9266:
8874:Rhotic consonants (R-like sounds)
8757:
8741:
8721:
8708:
8692:
8670:
8650:
8630:
8614:
8601:
8585:
8572:
8556:
8536:
8520:
8507:
8494:
8478:
8458:
8442:
8429:
8413:
8400:
8384:
8364:
8342:
8326:
8306:
8290:
8277:
8261:
8248:
8232:
8088:
8073:
8066:
8046:
8022:
8010:
8003:
7989:
7982:
7956:
7943:
7931:
7924:
7912:
7905:
7893:
7886:
7867:
7853:
7839:
7770:
7763:
7756:
7749:
7740:
7729:
7713:
7706:
7699:
7692:
7683:
7672:
7641:
7609:
7577:
7550:
7541:
7532:
7521:
7512:
7501:
7479:
7470:
7459:
7450:
7439:
7417:
7408:
7397:
7388:
7377:
7342:
7322:
7315:
7308:
7297:
7274:
7267:
7260:
7253:
7246:
7239:
7232:
7225:
7218:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7181:
7174:
7167:
7160:
7153:
7137:
7130:
7123:
7116:
7109:
7100:
7089:
7043:
6919:
6910:
6901:
6894:
6883:
6876:
6840:
6831:
6822:
6813:
6800:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6712:
6705:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6619:
6612:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6541:
6534:
6523:
6516:
6497:
6490:
6472:
6463:
6446:
6439:
6428:
6421:
6410:
6401:
6392:
6376:
6359:
6350:
6341:
6328:
6311:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6081:
6074:
6067:
6060:
6053:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5774:
5765:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5698:
5691:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5563:
5556:
5545:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5499:Pharyngeal/epiglottal
5158:
5088:"Retroflex consonants and dorsal
4660:Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish",
4579:Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian
4272:Gwary polskie - Frykatywne rż (ř)
1090:
1084:
8975:Voiced velar bunched approximant
8857:
8781:
8749:
8729:
8700:
8658:
8622:
8593:
8564:
8528:
8486:
8450:
8421:
8392:
8356:
8334:
8298:
8269:
8240:
8224:
7793:
7029:
7008:
6952:
5297:Obsolete and nonstandard symbols
4151:Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)
4099:"Marshallese-English Dictionary"
4085:"Marshallese-English Dictionary"
3636:Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)
3588:"Marshallese-English Dictionary"
3547:Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)
2767:
2722:Voiced alveolar fricative trill
2446:
271:
198:
7050:
5208:International Phonetic Alphabet
4344:
4331:
4180:
4120:
4091:
4077:
4065:
3972:
3820:Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004)
3784:
3730:
3691:
3668:
2729:Voiced alveolar fricative trill
313:(behind the upper front teeth),
56:International Phonetic Alphabet
8141:Nasal labial–velar approximant
7064:
7022:
5391:
5317:IPA chart for English dialects
5226:
5144:, University of Hawaii Press,
4942:, Barcelona: Editorial Ariel,
4933:, Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski
4592:, Kansas: University of Kansas
4351:Scutt, C. A. (November 1913).
4126:For example, Ladefoged (1971).
4017:Recasens & Pallarès (1995)
3919:Hanulíková & Hamann (2010)
3594:
3580:
3568:
3552:
3482:
2846:and the body of the tongue is
2436:Underlyingly two sequences of
2403:; can be uvular instead. See
1955:
1:
7057:
4386:
3559:Siptár & Törkenczy (2000)
2885:
1095:may become a single trill in
382:
77:⟩, and the equivalent
8955:Voiced retroflex approximant
8950:Voiced alveolar lateral flap
8884:Pronunciation of English /r/
8151:Voiceless bidental fricative
5259:Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)
4750:(Second ed.), Blackwell
4577:Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009),
4422:Journal of Greek Linguistics
4395:"Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia)"
3133:
1384:
1348:
329:(behind the alveolar ridge).
85:. It is commonly called the
7:
9199:Registered trademark symbol
9015:Voiceless glottal fricative
9010:Voiced pharyngeal fricative
5360:Phonetic symbols in Unicode
4882:Merrill, Elizabeth (2008),
4682:Kara, Dávid Somfai (2003),
4586:Greenberg, Mark L. (2006),
3931:Pretnar & Tokarz (1980)
3471:Index of phonetics articles
3464:
3055:
2960:
2866:⟩. (Before the 1989
2653:
2594:
2297:
2237:
2203:
1966:
1710:
1580:
1540:
1479:
1302:
1255:
810:
736:
657:
574:
554:
281:
10:
9271:
9000:Voiceless uvular fricative
8182:
5009:The Phonology of Hungarian
4326:Dudášová-Kriššáková (1995)
4153:, pp. 228–230 and 233
3523:Chaubal & Dixit (2011)
3444:
3433:Initial allophone of /r/.
2450:
925:
158:
50:sound used in some spoken
18:
9028:
8980:Voiceless velar fricative
8917:
8866:
8683:
8641:
8547:
8469:
8375:
8317:
8218:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8190:
8177:
8146:Nasal palatal approximant
7823:Co-articulated consonants
7723:
7668:
7631:
7599:
7564:
7495:
7433:
7371:
7332:
7284:
7212:
7145:
7083:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7013:
7006:
7004:
6856:
6778:
6685:
6589:
6484:
6384:
6299:
6126:
6030:
5882:
5784:
5639:
5509:
5441:
5413:
5399:
5386:
5325:
5279:
5236:
5232:
5221:
5044:10.1017/S0025100300004874
5025:Skalozub, Larisa (1963),
5000:10.1017/S0025100312000102
4971:10.1017/S0025100304001628
4904:10.1017/S0025100308003344
4875:10.1017/S0025100303001373
4715:10.1017/S0025100303001385
4675:10.1017/S0025100303001191
4653:10.1017/S0025100310000162
4458:Arvaniti, Amalia (2010),
4413:Arvaniti, Amalia (2007),
4369:10.1017/s0068245400009163
4206:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3979:Schachter and Reid (2008)
3437:
3411:
3386:
3336:in most Polish dialects.
3323:
3297:
3286:for speakers who realize
3098:
3073:
3046:
3039:
2986:
2967:
2798:
2793:
2766:
2761:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2728:
2714:Standard German phonology
2660:
2626:
2619:
2573:
2512:
2478:
2459:
2325:
2286:
2279:
2270:
2265:
2231:
2191:
2184:
2146:
2067:
2021:
1989:
1948:
1943:Scottish Gaelic phonology
1881:
1856:
1813:
1763:
1739:
1732:
1699:
1692:
1657:
1627:
1597:
1569:
1562:
1532:
1525:
1516:
1511:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1474:
1472:
1462:
1421:
1391:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1325:
1292:
1243:
1233:
1193:
1162:
1056:
964:
941:
880:
873:
831:
799:
792:
760:
725:
683:
581:
543:
536:
506:
461:
430:
411:
404:
265:
253:
242:
229:
224:
197:
192:
182:
173:
168:
9020:Voiced glottal fricative
8970:Voiced velar approximant
8925:Voiceless alveolar trill
4844:Das Aussprachewörterbuch
4617:Pultrová, Lucie (2013),
4521:Dąbrowska, Anna (2004),
3476:
3186:. Present in areas from
2350:voiceless alveolar trill
1984:Serbo-Croatian phonology
161:Voiceless alveolar trill
29:Postalveolar approximant
23:sound often transcribed
9005:Voiced uvular fricative
8909:Linking and intrusive R
6995:Non-pulmonic consonants
6127:Non-sibilant fricative
5883:Non-sibilant affricate
5249:History of the alphabet
5165:List of languages with
4496:10.4103/0972-124X.85673
4353:"The Tsakonian Dialect"
4190:The Grammar of Dzongkha
3455:'justice of the peace'
3418:
3309:
3080:
2850:. It is thus partially
2519:
2422:
1909:, or before consonants
1863:
991:; may be syllabic. See
864:voiced uvular fricative
854:Dominant in and around
767:
671:In free variation with
122:Indo-European languages
97:. Quite often, ⟨
8990:Voiceless uvular trill
8985:Voiced velar fricative
8965:Voiced retroflex trill
8940:Voiceless alveolar tap
5307:Sinological extensions
5136:Bender, Byron (1969),
4597:Grønnum, Nina (2005),
4226:"Fonetyka i fonologia"
3634:, p. ?; cited in
3393:
3363:
3265:
3162:
3022:non-sibilant fricative
2993:
2896:manner of articulation
2691:
2607:
2563:
2485:
2332:
2153:
2122:
2074:
2044:Also described as tap
2028:
1996:
1888:
1820:
1770:
1668:
1634:
1604:
1496:Allophone of /ɾ/. See
1428:
1398:
1280:Modern Greek phonology
1200:
1169:
1033:
971:
838:
690:
610:
513:
468:
437:
401:
292:manner of articulation
35:-like consonants, see
8960:Voiced retroflex flap
8930:Voiced alveolar trill
4768:. Oxford: Blackwell.
4748:Vowels and Consonants
4341:vol. 25, 2020, p.153.
3957:, pp. 17 and 20.
3123:Standard (Kaniguram)
2903:place of articulation
2433:'go out (habitually)'
2395:More commonly a flap
2175:conservative speakers
1982:May be syllabic. See
1083:A sequence of tapped
919:Southwestern Mandarin
399:
303:place of articulation
169:Voiced alveolar trill
155:Voiced alveolar trill
44:voiced alveolar trill
27:for convenience, see
9213:Medical prescription
8889:Rhoticity in English
6779:Lateral approximant
4911:Nau, Nicole (1998),
4884:"Tilquiapan Zapotec"
4074:, p. xvii-xviii
3895:Landau et al. (1999)
3292:Portuguese phonology
3210:, south and east of
3024:. It contrasts with
2956:, as in most sounds.
1846:Portuguese phonology
1797:Usually realized as
1652:Lithuanian phonology
1416:Indonesian phonology
1361:Hindustani phonology
1154:Some dialects under
1004:Few speakers of the
454:Laminal dental. See
378:, as in most sounds.
54:. The symbol in the
9245:Pulmonic consonants
9235:Alveolar consonants
8995:Voiced uvular trill
8945:Voiced alveolar tap
5403:Pulmonic consonants
5086:Torp, Arne (2001).
4819:Lodge, Ken (2009),
4444:10.1075/jgl.8.08arv
4187:van Driem, George.
3525:, pp. 270–272.
3413:Chicahuaxtla Trique
2950:intercostal muscles
2942:airstream mechanism
2868:IPA Kiel Convention
2826:, in words such as
2348:Contrasts with the
2320:Ukrainian phonology
1931:voiced alveolar tap
1727:Malayalam phonology
1089:between unstressed
902:Bulgarian phonology
634:Afrikaans phonology
456:Hungarian phonology
372:intercostal muscles
364:airstream mechanism
9255:Central consonants
7333:Lateral fricative
6979:, to the left are
6686:Lateral fricative
5474:Postalveolar
5459:Linguolabial
5302:Naming conventions
5265:Journal of the IPA
5140:Spoken Marshallese
4136:Dankovičová (1999)
3561:, pp. 75–76,
3535:Mayo Clinic (2012)
1498:Japanese phonology
1469:Shitamachi dialect
1188:Estonian phonology
679:by many speakers.
531:Romanian phonology
402:
136:, and a number of
9222:
9221:
8825:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8816:
8815:
8768:
8767:
8173:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8126:
8125:
7951:Uvular–epiglottal
7818:
7817:
7780:
7779:
6991:
6990:
6939:
6938:
6857:Lateral tap/flap
5454:Labiodental
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5312:World Orthography
5079:978-0-521-65236-0
5053:978-0-521-65236-0
5018:978-0-19-823841-6
4949:978-84-344-2884-3
4922:978-3-89586-228-1
4915:, Lincom Europa,
4853:978-3-411-04066-7
4832:978-0-8264-8873-2
4794:978-0-521-65236-0
4736:978-3-89586-161-1
4686:, Lincom Europa,
4610:978-87-500-3865-8
4550:978-0-521-65236-0
4532:978-83-7384-063-8
3663:Dum-Tragut (2009)
3601:Ovidiu Drăghici,
3462:
3461:
3359:Northern dialects
3220:Ostrów Mazowiecka
3188:Starogard Gdański
2954:abdominal muscles
2935:central consonant
2810:
2809:
2788:
2772:
2719:
2718:
2651:
2650:
2646:Russian phonology
2507:Catalan phonology
2444:
2443:
2405:Yiddish phonology
2179:Tagalog phonology
2141:Swedish phonology
2107:Spanish phonology
2062:Slovene phonology
1933:. Contrasts with
1842:northern dialects
1622:Latvian phonology
1552:'fish' or 'three'
1457:Italian phonology
1228:Finnish phonology
1127:English phonology
1080:'out of the city'
1006:Jutlandic dialect
826:Bengali phonology
572:
571:
567:Russian phonology
397:
376:abdominal muscles
357:central consonant
334:It is most often
279:
278:
219:
203:
115:⟨r⟩
111:rhotic consonants
9262:
9240:Trill consonants
8852:
8845:
8838:
8829:
8828:
8809:
8785:
8762:
8761:
8753:
8752:
8746:
8745:
8733:
8732:
8726:
8725:
8713:
8712:
8704:
8703:
8697:
8696:
8675:
8674:
8662:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8635:
8634:
8626:
8625:
8619:
8618:
8606:
8605:
8597:
8596:
8590:
8589:
8577:
8576:
8568:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8541:
8540:
8532:
8531:
8525:
8524:
8512:
8511:
8499:
8498:
8490:
8489:
8483:
8482:
8463:
8462:
8454:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8434:
8433:
8425:
8424:
8418:
8417:
8405:
8404:
8396:
8395:
8389:
8388:
8369:
8368:
8360:
8359:
8347:
8346:
8338:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8311:
8310:
8302:
8301:
8295:
8294:
8282:
8281:
8273:
8272:
8266:
8265:
8253:
8252:
8244:
8243:
8237:
8236:
8228:
8227:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8179:
8178:
8131:
8130:
8092:
8077:
8070:
8050:
8026:
8014:
8007:
7993:
7986:
7960:
7947:
7935:
7928:
7919:Labial–retroflex
7916:
7909:
7897:
7890:
7871:
7861:Labial–retroflex
7857:
7843:
7827:
7797:
7774:
7767:
7760:
7753:
7744:
7733:
7717:
7710:
7703:
7696:
7687:
7676:
7647:
7615:
7583:
7554:
7547:
7538:
7527:
7518:
7507:
7485:
7476:
7465:
7456:
7445:
7423:
7414:
7403:
7394:
7383:
7369:bottom: uvular)
7346:
7326:
7319:
7312:
7301:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7257:
7250:
7243:
7236:
7229:
7222:
7206:
7199:
7192:
7185:
7178:
7171:
7164:
7157:
7141:
7134:
7127:
7120:
7113:
7104:
7093:
7073:
7066:
7059:
7052:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7024:
7017:
7010:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6986:
6956:
6923:
6914:
6905:
6898:
6887:
6880:
6844:
6835:
6826:
6817:
6804:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6727:
6716:
6709:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6634:
6623:
6616:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6560:
6545:
6538:
6527:
6520:
6501:
6494:
6476:
6467:
6450:
6443:
6432:
6425:
6414:
6405:
6396:
6380:
6363:
6354:
6345:
6332:
6315:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6155:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5778:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5702:
5695:
5684:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5656:
5649:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5567:
5560:
5549:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5388:
5387:
5234:
5233:
5223:
5222:
5216:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5178:
5177:
5168:
5154:
5143:
5131:
5125:
5121:
5119:
5111:
5096:in Scandinavian"
5095:
5091:
5082:
5064:
5030:
5021:
5003:
5002:
4984:
4974:
4973:
4952:
4934:
4925:
4907:
4906:
4888:
4878:
4877:
4856:
4835:
4815:
4797:
4779:
4756:Ladefoged, Peter
4751:
4744:Ladefoged, Peter
4739:
4723:Kordić, Snježana
4718:
4717:
4696:
4678:
4677:
4656:
4655:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4613:
4593:
4582:
4573:
4563:
4553:
4535:
4517:
4508:
4498:
4477:
4475:
4464:
4454:
4452:
4446:, archived from
4437:
4419:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4381:
4380:
4348:
4342:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4314:Dąbrowska (2004)
4311:
4302:
4296:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4267:
4234:
4233:
4228:. Archived from
4221:
4212:
4211:
4205:
4197:
4195:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4139:
4138:, pp. 70–71
4133:
4127:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4054:
4048:, archived from
4047:
4039:L.F. Brosnahan,
4036:
4027:
4026:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3955:Greenberg (2006)
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3835:Ladefoged (2005)
3832:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3802:on 13 April 2021
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3769:, pp. 14–18
3764:
3755:
3754:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3639:
3629:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3490:Ladefoged, Peter
3486:
3450:
3449:
3424:
3399:
3381:Slovak phonology
3371:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3316:
3289:
3285:
3274:
3248:Polish phonology
3245:
3185:
3181:
3170:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3086:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3031:
3027:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3002:
2965:
2964:
2880:Papua New Guinea
2873:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2806:
2783:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2726:
2725:
2700:
2658:
2657:
2635:
2634:
2610:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2566:
2551:
2542:postalveolar tap
2537:
2526:
2504:
2493:
2457:
2456:
2439:
2428:
2402:
2382:
2381:
2355:
2340:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2161:
2131:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2083:
2059:
2051:
2036:
2005:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1940:
1936:
1897:
1870:
1839:
1828:
1807:Polish phonology
1804:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1779:
1758:Nepali phonology
1747:
1746:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1677:
1642:
1612:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1547:
1537:
1536:
1488:
1477:
1476:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1437:
1406:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1320:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1277:
1262:
1252:
1251:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1178:
1094:
1088:
1063:African-American
1041:
1018:Danish phonology
990:
979:
930:
929:
892:
891:
868:Breton phonology
846:
816:
807:
806:
776:
751:
750:
749:
748:
739:
733:
732:
697:
678:
663:
654:
653:
631:
616:
579:
578:
557:
551:
550:
521:
493:
485:
471:
446:
409:
408:
398:
275:
261:
246:
238:
233:
214:
207:
205:
204:
178:
177:
166:
165:
116:
100:
84:
76:
58:that represents
37:Rhotic consonant
26:
9270:
9269:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9261:
9260:
9259:
9250:Oral consonants
9225:
9224:
9223:
9218:
9024:
8913:
8894:R-colored vowel
8862:
8856:
8826:
8817:
8807:
8806:unrounded
8802:
8764:
8763:
8756:
8754:
8750:
8747:
8740:
8735:
8734:
8730:
8727:
8720:
8715:
8714:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8698:
8691:
8677:
8676:
8669:
8664:
8663:
8659:
8656:
8649:
8637:
8636:
8629:
8627:
8623:
8620:
8613:
8608:
8607:
8600:
8598:
8594:
8591:
8584:
8579:
8578:
8571:
8569:
8565:
8562:
8555:
8543:
8542:
8535:
8533:
8529:
8526:
8519:
8514:
8513:
8506:
8501:
8500:
8493:
8491:
8487:
8484:
8477:
8465:
8464:
8457:
8455:
8451:
8448:
8441:
8436:
8435:
8428:
8426:
8422:
8419:
8412:
8407:
8406:
8399:
8397:
8393:
8390:
8383:
8371:
8370:
8363:
8361:
8357:
8349:
8348:
8341:
8339:
8335:
8332:
8325:
8313:
8312:
8305:
8303:
8299:
8296:
8289:
8284:
8283:
8276:
8274:
8270:
8267:
8260:
8255:
8254:
8247:
8245:
8241:
8238:
8231:
8225:
8186:
8165:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8122:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8095:Labial–alveolar
8093:
8086:
8081:
8078:
8071:
8063:
8058:
8057:
8051:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8027:
8019:
8018:
8015:
8008:
8000:
7999:
7994:
7987:
7979:
7969:
7968:
7967:
7966:
7961:
7953:
7948:
7940:
7939:
7936:
7929:
7921:
7920:
7917:
7910:
7902:
7901:
7900:Labial–alveolar
7898:
7891:
7883:
7878:
7877:
7872:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7850:
7849:
7847:Labial–alveolar
7844:
7836:
7819:
7814:
7644:
7612:
7600:Voiced lateral
7580:
7555:
7544:
7535:
7524:
7515:
7504:
7482:
7473:
7462:
7453:
7442:
7420:
7411:
7400:
7391:
7380:
7368:
7366:
6984:
6973:
5479:Retroflex
5395:
5374:
5333:ASCII encodings
5321:
5275:
5228:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5123:
5122:
5113:
5112:
5080:
5054:
5019:
4982:
4950:
4923:
4886:
4854:
4833:
4813:
4795:
4776:
4737:
4694:
4635:
4623:
4611:
4561:
4551:
4533:
4473:
4462:
4450:
4435:10.1.1.692.1365
4417:
4404:
4402:
4389:
4384:
4349:
4345:
4336:
4332:
4324:
4320:
4312:
4305:
4297:
4290:
4282:
4280:
4269:
4268:
4237:
4222:
4215:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4161:
4157:
4149:
4142:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4113:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4070:
4066:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4037:
4030:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4003:
3999:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3973:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3833:
3826:
3818:
3814:
3805:
3803:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3781:, pp. 3–4.
3779:Arvaniti (2010)
3777:
3773:
3767:Arvaniti (2007)
3765:
3758:
3751:
3735:
3731:
3723:
3719:
3713:Pultrová (2013)
3711:
3707:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3683:
3681:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3649:
3642:
3632:Skalozub (1963)
3630:
3621:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3557:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3533:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3467:
3324:Contrasts with
3218:, southeast of
3178:Contrasts with
3034:Czech phonology
3007:
3006:
3005:
2963:
2888:
2874:⟩.) The
2804:
2789:
2781:
2768:
2743:
2734:
2724:
2656:
2539:
2501:Contrasts with
2455:
2453:Retroflex trill
2449:
2358:Welsh phonology
2305:
2304:
2303:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2216:Tamil phonology
2101:Contrasts with
2088:
2087:
2086:
1883:Scottish Gaelic
1836:Contrasts with
1784:
1783:
1782:
1687:Malay phonology
1557:Khmer phonology
1442:
1441:
1440:
1317:Contrasts with
1213:
1212:
1211:
1051:Dutch phonology
993:Czech phonology
987:Contrasts with
911:
744:
743:
742:
646:Modern Standard
577:
407:
387:
385:
284:
259:
244:
236:
231:
220:
212:
199:
174:
164:
157:
114:
82:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9268:
9258:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9220:
9219:
9217:
9216:
9209:
9202:
9195:
9188:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9054:
9047:
9040:
9032:
9030:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8921:
8919:
8918:Pronunciations
8915:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8870:
8868:
8864:
8863:
8855:
8854:
8847:
8840:
8832:
8823:
8822:
8819:
8818:
8814:
8813:
8801:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8779:
8773:
8770:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8755:
8748:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8728:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8706:
8699:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8657:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8639:
8638:
8628:
8621:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8599:
8592:
8583:
8582:
8580:
8570:
8563:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8545:
8544:
8534:
8527:
8518:
8517:
8515:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8492:
8485:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8467:
8466:
8456:
8449:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8427:
8420:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8398:
8391:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8373:
8372:
8362:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8350:
8340:
8333:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8304:
8297:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8275:
8268:
8259:
8258:
8256:
8246:
8239:
8230:
8229:
8222:
8216:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8191:
8188:
8187:
8175:
8174:
8171:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8137:
8135:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8094:
8087:
8082:
8079:
8072:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8044:
8038:
8028:
8021:
8020:
8016:
8009:
8002:
8001:
7997:Labial–palatal
7995:
7988:
7981:
7980:
7971:
7970:
7962:
7955:
7954:
7949:
7942:
7941:
7937:
7930:
7923:
7922:
7918:
7911:
7904:
7903:
7899:
7892:
7885:
7884:
7879:
7873:
7866:
7865:
7859:
7852:
7851:
7845:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7820:
7816:
7815:
7813:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7791:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7768:
7761:
7754:
7747:
7745:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7727:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7711:
7704:
7697:
7690:
7688:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7670:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7652:
7650:
7648:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7633:
7632:Nasal lateral
7629:
7628:
7626:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7548:
7539:
7530:
7528:
7519:
7510:
7508:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7477:
7468:
7466:
7457:
7448:
7446:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7415:
7406:
7404:
7395:
7386:
7384:
7375:
7370:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7353:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7334:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7320:
7313:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7272:
7265:
7258:
7251:
7244:
7237:
7230:
7223:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7200:
7193:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7165:
7158:
7151:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7135:
7128:
7121:
7114:
7107:
7105:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7087:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7068:
7061:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6993:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6972:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6950:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6926:
6924:
6917:
6915:
6908:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6890:
6888:
6881:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6838:
6836:
6829:
6827:
6820:
6818:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6721:
6719:
6717:
6710:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6617:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6539:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6495:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6470:
6468:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6408:
6406:
6399:
6397:
6390:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6357:
6355:
6348:
6346:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5772:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5543:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5449:Bilabial
5446:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5280:Special topics
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5230:
5229:
5219:
5218:
5204:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5160:
5159:External links
5157:
5150:
5133:
5132:
5124:|journal=
5083:
5078:
5065:
5052:
5031:
5022:
5017:
5004:
4993:(2): 225–232,
4975:
4964:(1): 117–121,
4953:
4948:
4935:
4926:
4921:
4908:
4897:(1): 107–114,
4879:
4868:(2): 255–259,
4857:
4852:
4836:
4831:
4816:
4812:978-9067652971
4811:
4798:
4793:
4780:
4774:
4760:Maddieson, Ian
4752:
4740:
4735:
4727:Serbo-Croatian
4719:
4708:(2): 261–265,
4697:
4693:978-3895868436
4692:
4679:
4668:(1): 103–107,
4657:
4646:(3): 373–378,
4628:
4614:
4609:
4594:
4583:
4574:
4554:
4549:
4536:
4531:
4518:
4489:(3): 270–272,
4478:
4455:
4410:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4343:
4330:
4328:, pp. 98.
4318:
4303:
4299:Grønnum (2005)
4288:
4235:
4232:on 2016-03-04.
4224:Jerzy Treder.
4213:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4140:
4128:
4119:
4115:Mangold (2005)
4104:
4090:
4076:
4064:
4028:
4019:, p. 288.
4009:
4007:, p. 109.
4005:Merrill (2008)
3997:
3982:
3971:
3969:, p. 255.
3959:
3947:
3945:, p. 135.
3935:
3923:
3921:, p. 374.
3911:
3899:
3887:
3875:
3873:, p. 103.
3863:
3851:
3839:
3824:
3822:, p. 117.
3812:
3783:
3771:
3756:
3749:
3729:
3717:
3705:
3690:
3667:
3655:
3653:, p. 117.
3640:
3619:
3593:
3579:
3567:
3551:
3549:, p. 228.
3539:
3527:
3515:
3508:
3494:Maddieson, Ian
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3332:. Merges with
3322:
3319:
3317:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3159:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3124:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:fricative flap
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3018:
3015:
3003:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2938:
2931:
2928:oral consonant
2924:
2917:
2914:alveolar ridge
2899:
2887:
2884:
2876:Kobon language
2808:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2775:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2603:
2602:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2301:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2253:
2241:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2096:
2084:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2006:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1952:
1950:Serbo-Croatian
1946:
1945:
1929:; otherwise a
1903:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1795:
1792:
1780:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1716:
1714:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:Kansai dialect
1502:
1501:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1438:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1002:
996:
995:
985:
982:
980:
968:
962:
961:
959:
956:
954:
945:
939:
938:
936:
933:
931:
922:
912:
905:
904:
898:
895:
893:
877:
871:
870:
852:
849:
847:
835:
829:
828:
822:
819:
817:
796:
790:
789:
784:Allophone of /
782:
779:
777:
764:
758:
757:
755:
752:
740:
722:
717:
711:
710:
705:Allophone of /
703:
700:
698:
687:
681:
680:
669:
666:
664:
648:
643:
637:
636:
622:
619:
617:
607:
604:
598:
597:
594:
591:
586:
583:
576:
573:
570:
569:
563:
560:
558:
540:
534:
533:
527:
524:
522:
510:
504:
503:
477:
474:
472:
465:
459:
458:
452:
449:
447:
434:
428:
427:
424:
421:
416:
413:
406:
403:
384:
381:
380:
379:
360:
353:
350:oral consonant
346:
339:
331:
330:
324:
321:alveolar ridge
314:
307:
306:
299:
283:
280:
277:
276:
269:
263:
262:
257:
251:
250:
247:
240:
239:
234:
227:
226:
222:
221:
206:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
180:
179:
171:
170:
156:
153:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9267:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9214:
9210:
9207:
9203:
9200:
9196:
9193:
9189:
9186:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9059:
9058:R with stroke
9055:
9052:
9048:
9045:
9041:
9038:
9034:
9033:
9031:
9027:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8916:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8871:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8853:
8848:
8846:
8841:
8839:
8834:
8833:
8830:
8812:
8811:
8810: rounded
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8784:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8760:
8744:
8737:
8724:
8717:
8711:
8695:
8688:
8686:
8682:
8679:
8673:
8666:
8653:
8646:
8644:
8640:
8633:
8617:
8610:
8604:
8588:
8581:
8575:
8559:
8552:
8550:
8546:
8539:
8523:
8516:
8510:
8503:
8497:
8481:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8461:
8445:
8438:
8432:
8416:
8409:
8403:
8387:
8380:
8378:
8374:
8367:
8353:
8351:
8345:
8329:
8322:
8320:
8316:
8309:
8293:
8286:
8280:
8264:
8257:
8251:
8235:
8223:
8221:
8217:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8198:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8185:
8180:
8176:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8132:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8102:
8091:
8085:
8076:
8069:
8062:
8055:
8049:
8041:
8034:
8032:
8025:
8013:
8006:
7998:
7992:
7985:
7978:
7974:
7965:
7964:Labial–uvular
7959:
7952:
7946:
7934:
7927:
7915:
7908:
7896:
7889:
7882:
7876:
7870:
7862:
7856:
7848:
7842:
7835:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7796:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7776:
7773:
7769:
7766:
7762:
7759:
7755:
7752:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7739:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7728:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7709:
7705:
7702:
7698:
7695:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7671:
7666:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7640:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7608:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7570:
7568:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7553:
7549:
7546:
7540:
7537:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7520:
7517:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7478:
7475:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7458:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7438:
7436:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7416:
7413:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7396:
7393:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7376:
7374:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7321:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7283:
7280:
7277:
7273:
7270:
7266:
7263:
7259:
7256:
7252:
7249:
7245:
7242:
7238:
7235:
7231:
7228:
7224:
7221:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7205:
7201:
7198:
7194:
7191:
7187:
7184:
7180:
7177:
7173:
7170:
7166:
7163:
7159:
7156:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7133:
7129:
7126:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7086:
7081:
7077:
7074:
7067:
7060:
7053:
7046:
7039:
7032:
7025:
7018:
7011:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6987:
6982:
6978:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6955:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6882:
6879:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6750:
6747:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6664:
6661:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5292:Case variants
5290:
5288:
5287:Cursive forms
5285:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5209:
5202:
5197:
5195:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5153:
5151:0-87022-070-5
5147:
5142:
5141:
5129:
5117:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5084:
5081:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5032:
5028:
5023:
5020:
5014:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4981:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4951:
4945:
4941:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4924:
4918:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4808:
4804:
4799:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4775:0-631-19815-6
4771:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4689:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4622:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4566:Slovenská Reč
4560:
4555:
4552:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4476:on 2016-01-23
4472:
4468:
4461:
4456:
4453:on 2013-12-11
4449:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4416:
4411:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4334:
4327:
4322:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4301:, p. 157
4300:
4295:
4293:
4279:on 2013-11-13
4278:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4218:
4209:
4203:
4192:
4191:
4183:
4177:, p. 226
4176:
4171:
4165:, p. 46.
4164:
4159:
4152:
4147:
4145:
4137:
4132:
4123:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4094:
4086:
4080:
4073:
4072:Bender (1969)
4068:
4055:on 2013-04-03
4051:
4044:
4043:
4035:
4033:
4024:
4018:
4013:
4006:
4001:
3995:, p. 263
3994:
3993:Kleine (2003)
3989:
3987:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3951:
3944:
3939:
3933:, p. 21.
3932:
3927:
3920:
3915:
3908:
3907:Kordić (2006)
3903:
3897:, p. 66.
3896:
3891:
3884:
3883:Kordić (2006)
3879:
3872:
3871:Jassem (2003)
3867:
3860:
3855:
3849:, p. 11.
3848:
3843:
3837:, p. 165
3836:
3831:
3829:
3821:
3816:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3761:
3752:
3750:9781783162086
3746:
3742:
3741:
3733:
3727:, p. 78.
3726:
3721:
3715:, p. 22.
3714:
3709:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3665:, p. 19.
3664:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3638:, p. 221
3637:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3606:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3583:
3576:
3575:Bender (1969)
3571:
3565:, p. 104
3564:
3563:Szende (1999)
3560:
3555:
3548:
3543:
3536:
3531:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3509:0-631-19815-6
3505:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3481:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3304:Gmina Istebna
3302:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3281:
3279:'the kidneys'
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3158:Some dialects
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2779:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2727:
2715:
2712:instead. See
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2534:Allophone of
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2447:Post-alveolar
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1274:Allophone of
1273:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
976:
969:
967:
963:
960:
957:
955:
953:
952:ăслан/araslan
951:
946:
944:
940:
937:
934:
932:
928:
923:
920:
916:
913:
910:
907:
906:
903:
899:
896:
894:
890:
888:
884:
878:
876:
872:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
842:
836:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
805:
803:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
765:
763:
759:
756:
753:
747:
741:
738:
731:
729:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
708:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
688:
686:
682:
676:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
635:
632:instead. See
629:
624:May be a tap
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
592:
590:
587:
584:
580:
568:
564:
561:
559:
556:
549:
547:
541:
539:
535:
532:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
517:
511:
509:
505:
501:
500:post-alveolar
497:
489:
481:
478:
476:'to be small'
475:
473:
470:
466:
464:
460:
457:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
442:
435:
433:
429:
425:
422:
420:
417:
414:
410:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
354:
351:
347:
344:
340:
337:
333:
332:
328:
327:post-alveolar
325:
322:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
288:
287:
274:
270:
268:
264:
258:
256:
252:
248:
241:
235:
228:
223:
218:
210:
196:
191:
187:
185:
181:
172:
167:
162:
152:
150:
149:ankyloglossia
145:
143:
139:
135:
134:Cypriot Greek
131:
127:
123:
118:
112:
108:
104:
96:
92:
88:
80:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:is a type of
45:
38:
34:
30:
22:
8929:
8803:
8080:Labial–velar
8030:
8017:Labial–velar
7938:Labial–velar
7875:Labial–velar
7821:
7367:(top: velar;
6994:
6974:
5401:
5268:
5264:
5139:
5134:
5099:
5069:
5035:
5026:
5008:
4990:
4986:
4961:
4957:
4939:
4930:
4912:
4894:
4890:
4865:
4861:
4843:
4840:Mangold, Max
4821:
4802:
4784:
4764:
4747:
4726:
4705:
4701:
4683:
4665:
4661:
4643:
4639:
4626:, p. 22
4619:
4599:
4588:
4578:
4569:
4565:
4540:
4523:Język polski
4522:
4486:
4482:
4471:the original
4466:
4448:the original
4425:
4421:
4403:, retrieved
4398:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4338:
4333:
4321:
4281:, retrieved
4277:the original
4271:
4230:the original
4189:
4182:
4170:
4163:Lodge (2009)
4158:
4131:
4122:
4117:, p. 53
4093:
4079:
4067:
4057:, retrieved
4050:the original
4041:
4012:
4000:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3938:
3926:
3914:
3909:, p. 4.
3902:
3890:
3885:, p. 5.
3878:
3866:
3861:, p. 6.
3854:
3842:
3815:
3804:, retrieved
3800:the original
3795:
3786:
3774:
3739:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3699:
3693:
3682:, retrieved
3676:
3670:
3658:
3611:, retrieved
3603:
3596:
3582:
3577:, p. xv
3570:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3498:
3484:
3445:
3419:
3394:
3365:
3311:
3268:
3222:and west of
3164:
3081:
3056:
3047:
2996:
2889:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2762:Audio sample
2694:
2629:
2521:
2487:
2423:
2384:
2376:
2335:
2288:
2194:
2155:
2125:
2077:
2030:
1999:
1968:
1957:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1891:
1865:
1822:
1773:
1742:
1701:
1671:
1637:
1606:
1582:
1572:
1542:
1482:
1431:
1401:
1376:
1340:
1304:
1294:
1257:
1246:
1202:
1172:
1141:
1138:
1112:
1109:
1070:
1067:
1035:
974:
949:
886:
882:
840:
811:
801:
770:
754:'cannonball'
727:
692:
668:'saw' (verb)
658:
611:
545:
529:Apical. See
515:
440:
285:
193:Audio sample
147:People with
146:
119:
94:
90:
86:
68:postalveolar
43:
41:
32:
31:. For other
20:
9192:Real number
9051:R with tail
8858:The letter
8042:approximant
7977:approximant
6301:Approximant
5370:IPA Braille
5348:Kirshenbaum
5167:[r]
4572:(2): 92–102
4399:Mayo Clinic
4316:, p. ?
3847:Kara (2003)
3725:Torp (2001)
3684:26 December
3651:Lass (1987)
3321:'(he) died'
2615:'ebb tide'
2599:palatalized
2558:Marshallese
480:Palatalized
463:Marshallese
73:is ⟨
48:consonantal
9229:Categories
9206:Enclosed R
9029:Variations
8904:Guttural R
8793:full chart
8319:Near-close
8113:full chart
8035:(variable)
7805:full chart
7288:affricate
6964:full chart
6593:affricate
5393:Consonants
5365:IPA number
5227:IPA topics
4428:: 97–208,
4405:22 October
4387:References
4283:2013-11-06
4059:2013-11-24
3859:Nau (1998)
3255:Portuguese
2753:IPA Number
2705:'nonsense'
2544:or simply
2451:See also:
2417:Tilquiapan
2345:'December'
1850:Guttural R
1815:Portuguese
1629:Lithuanian
1393:Indonesian
1327:Hindustani
984:'chlorine'
702:'basement'
451:'that way'
383:Occurrence
237:r
184:IPA Number
144:dialects.
142:Portuguese
109:that have
81:symbol is
9037:R rotunda
8899:Rhotacism
8643:Near-open
8377:Close-mid
8061:Implosive
8054:Velarized
7973:Fricative
7725:Voiceless
7665:Implosive
7214:Fricative
7147:Affricate
6981:voiceless
6033:fricative
6031:Sibilant
5789:affricate
5436:Laryngeal
5326:Encodings
5126:ignored (
5116:cite book
5108:0777-3692
5062:249404451
4842:(2005) ,
4430:CiteSeerX
4377:163493476
4202:cite book
3613:April 19,
3439:Tsakonian
3342:Jablunkov
3290:as . See
3240:Nowy Targ
3214:, around
3208:Działdowo
3075:Kashubian
3020:May be a
2926:It is an
2921:phonation
2852:fricative
2641:'to play'
2579:velarized
2552:instead.
2281:Ukrainian
2013:May be a
1694:Malayalam
1411:'vibrate'
875:Bulgarian
685:Aragonese
602:Afrikaans
562:'zealous'
526:'quickly'
488:velarized
432:Hungarian
348:It is an
343:phonation
232:(decimal)
95:trilled R
91:rolling R
52:languages
8804:Legend:
8798:template
8777:IPA help
8549:Open-mid
8118:template
8108:IPA help
8084:Ejective
8056:alveolar
7810:template
7789:IPA help
7080:Ejective
6969:template
6948:IPA help
6386:Tap/flap
5786:Sibilant
5469:Alveolar
5100:'r-atics
4762:(1996).
4746:(2005),
4725:(2006),
4633:"Slovak"
4515:22028516
4339:Tlalocan
3792:"βορράς"
3496:(1996).
3465:See also
3448:ινοδίτζη
3299:Silesian
3260:European
3236:Racibórz
3091:'river'
3041:Dzongkha
2968:Language
2961:Examples
2946:pulmonic
2933:It is a
2910:alveolar
2886:Features
2794:Encoding
2686:Standard
2661:Language
2654:Variable
2498:'donkey'
2460:Language
2392:'bridge'
2369:Standard
2315:'motion'
2257:Chonburi
2238:chonbùri
2227:Standard
2168:rambutan
1875:'bright'
1753:'drawer'
1464:Japanese
1239:Standard
1164:Estonian
1151:'bright'
1105:Scottish
1046:'window'
1029:Standard
915:Dangyang
860:Morbihan
762:Asturian
715:Armenian
606:Standard
582:Language
575:Alveolar
508:Romanian
412:Language
368:pulmonic
355:It is a
319:(at the
317:alveolar
282:Features
243:Unicode
225:Encoding
138:Armenian
126:Albanian
120:In many
87:rolled R
64:alveolar
9044:Insular
8867:General
8808:•
8208:Central
8040:Lateral
7881:Plosive
7669:Voiced
7567:lateral
7565:Tenuis
7556:
7286:Lateral
6591:Lateral
5641:Plosive
5504:Glottal
5484:Palatal
5426:Coronal
5343:X-SAMPA
5172:PHOIBLE
4913:Latvian
4506:3200025
3806:5 March
3430:'hand'
3404:'frog'
3388:Spanish
3376:'river'
3226:, from
3224:Siedlce
3216:Wołomin
3200:Olsztyn
3192:Malbork
3175:'river'
3066:'bone'
2979:Meaning
2907:laminal
2844:laminal
2800:X-SAMPA
2757:122 429
2672:Meaning
2621:Russian
2587:rounded
2571:'whale'
2480:Catalan
2471:Meaning
2412:Zapotec
2365:Yiddish
2273:'girls'
2211:'bird'
2204:paravai
2158:ambutan
2148:Tagalog
2114:Swedish
2069:Spanish
2023:Slovene
1840:. Many
1833:'mouse'
1748:/ghórra
1599:Latvian
1493:'from'
1452:'earth'
1423:Italian
1385:patthar
1356:'stone'
1349:patthar
1314:'north'
1287:Cypriot
1195:Finnish
1183:'floor'
1058:English
958:'lion'
943:Chuvash
909:Chinese
897:'work'
821:'night'
794:Bengali
773:amienta
720:Eastern
593:Meaning
538:Russian
498:), are
496:rounded
423:Meaning
267:Braille
255:X-SAMPA
230:Entity
130:Spanish
103:English
79:X-SAMPA
8786:
8184:Vowels
8033:-sound
7798:
7435:Voiced
7373:Tenuis
6977:voiced
6957:
5948:t̠ɹ̠̊˔
5494:Uvular
5464:Dental
5443:Manner
5431:Dorsal
5421:Labial
5148:
5106:
5076:
5060:
5050:
5015:
4946:
4919:
4850:
4829:
4809:
4791:
4772:
4733:
4690:
4684:Kyrgyz
4607:
4547:
4529:
4513:
4503:
4432:
4375:
4363:: 20.
3747:
3680:, 1984
3506:
3355:Slovak
3212:Wieleń
3204:Olecko
3196:Lubawa
3154:Polish
3143:summer
3134:tařgab
3119:Ormuri
3032:. See
3017:'four'
2982:Notes
2848:raised
2782:·
2780:
2778:source
2681:German
2675:Notes
2636:/igrať
2595:dental
2514:Gokana
2505:. See
2474:Notes
2356:. See
2334:Rhagfy
2232:ชลบุรี
2177:. See
2136:'good'
2105:. See
2060:. See
2041:'rice'
2010:'neck'
1991:Slovak
1979:'cape'
1902:'true'
1805:. See
1794:'step'
1765:Polish
1734:Nepali
1682:'less'
1617:'horn'
1591:'song'
1564:Kyrgyz
1122:'curd'
1073:e city
1071:tta th
1000:Danish
885:абота/
866:. See
851:'king'
833:Breton
781:'tool'
641:Arabic
596:Notes
490:) and
426:Notes
405:Dental
336:apical
311:dental
305:may be
249:U+0072
213:·
211:
209:source
107:German
71:trills
66:, and
60:dental
9185:Raidô
8788:audio
8220:Close
8203:Front
8134:Other
8068:ɠ̊͜ɓ̥
7834:Nasal
7800:audio
7497:Nasal
7364:Click
6959:audio
6486:Trill
5955:d̠ɹ̠˔
5511:Nasal
5489:Velar
5415:Place
5338:SAMPA
5213:chart
5058:S2CID
4983:(PDF)
4887:(PDF)
4636:(PDF)
4624:(PDF)
4562:(PDF)
4474:(PDF)
4463:(PDF)
4451:(PDF)
4418:(PDF)
4373:S2CID
4194:(PDF)
4053:(PDF)
4046:(PDF)
3608:(PDF)
3477:Notes
3232:Opole
3228:Brzeg
3100:Kobon
3059:u-tog
2988:Czech
2814:Czech
2784:
2693:Schma
2593:, is
2550:]
2546:[
2401:]
2397:[
2327:Welsh
2267:Titan
2186:Tamil
2098:'dog'
2058:]
2054:[
2050:]
2046:[
1858:Scots
1803:]
1799:[
1720:rummy
1711:rummy
1659:Malay
1647:'and'
1527:Khmer
1519:'leg'
1332:Hindi
1269:artos
1235:Greek
1223:'raw'
1156:Welsh
1134:Welsh
1025:Dutch
966:Czech
935:quilt
889:abota
677:]
673:[
630:]
626:[
621:'red'
555:ŕjaný
518:epede
323:), or
296:trill
245:(hex)
215:
93:, or
9109:R̄r̄
9094:R̃r̃
9056:Ɍɍ (
9049:Ɽɽ (
9042:Ꞃꞃ (
9035:Ꝛꝛ (
8685:Open
8213:Back
8090:t͡pʼ
7324:q𝼄ʼ
7317:k𝼄ʼ
7310:c𝼆ʼ
7176:t̠ʃʼ
7162:t̪θʼ
7155:p̪fʼ
7085:Stop
6536:ɽ̊r̥
6202:ɹ̠̊˔
5934:tɹ̝̊
5355:TIPA
5269:JIPA
5146:ISBN
5128:help
5104:ISSN
5074:ISBN
5048:ISBN
5013:ISBN
4944:ISBN
4917:ISBN
4848:ISBN
4827:ISBN
4807:ISBN
4789:ISBN
4770:ISBN
4731:ISBN
4688:ISBN
4605:ISBN
4545:ISBN
4527:ISBN
4511:PMID
4407:2013
4208:link
4023:help
3808:2014
3745:ISBN
3686:2020
3615:2013
3504:ISBN
3427:or
3328:and
3284:/sr/
3182:and
3128:تڒګب
3050:་ཏོག
3028:and
2971:Word
2952:and
2940:Its
2919:Its
2901:Its
2894:Its
2828:rybá
2786:help
2664:Word
2597:and
2591:/rʲ/
2583:/rʷ/
2581:and
2575:/rˠ/
2531:'we'
2463:Word
2354:/r̥/
2318:See
2223:Thai
2214:See
2139:See
1937:and
1935:/ɾʲ/
1868:icht
1848:and
1756:See
1743:र्रा
1725:See
1704:മ്മി
1664:کورڠ
1650:See
1620:See
1555:See
1534:ត្រី
1513:Kele
1455:See
1414:See
1400:geta
1368:Urdu
1359:See
1339:पत्थ
1226:See
1205:aaka
1186:See
1144:ight
1097:AAVE
1049:See
989:/r̝/
973:chlo
900:See
858:and
856:Léon
737:ŕumb
730:ումբ
691:sota
585:Word
548:яный
492:/rʷ/
484:/rˠ/
415:Word
374:and
362:Its
341:Its
301:Its
290:Its
217:help
140:and
105:and
42:The
9211:℞ (
9204:Ⓡ (
9197:® (
9190:ℝ (
9183:ᚱ (
9179:Rnd
8471:Mid
8075:ɠ͡ɓ
7958:q͡p
7945:q͡ʡ
7933:ɡ͡b
7926:k͡p
7914:ɖ͡b
7907:ʈ͡p
7895:d͡b
7888:t͡p
7869:ŋ͡m
7855:ɳ͡m
7841:n͡m
7536:ɴ𝼊
7534:ŋ𝼊
7474:ɢ𝼊
7472:ɡ𝼊
7412:q𝼊
7410:k𝼊
7299:tɬʼ
7204:qχʼ
7197:kxʼ
7190:tɕʼ
7183:tʂʼ
7169:tsʼ
6896:𝼈̥
6667:ɡʟ̝
6660:k𝼄
6653:ɟʎ̝
6646:c𝼆
6639:d𝼅
6216:ɻ̊˔
6209:ɹ̠˔
5941:dɹ̝
5927:d̪ð
5920:t̪θ
5909:b̪v
5902:p̪f
5832:d̠ʒ
5825:t̠ʃ
5237:IPA
5170:on
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