3437:
3516:
55:
7345:„Crainich Miochouich et Stiepanus Glegieuich ad meliustenendem super se et omnia eorum bona se obligando promiserunt ser Тhome de Bona presenti et acceptanti conducere et salauum dare in Souisochi in Bosna Dobrassino Veselcouich nomine dicti ser Тhome modia salis mille quingenta super equis siue salmis sexcentis. Et dicto sale conducto et presentato suprascripto Dobrassino in Souisochi medietatem illius salis dare et mensuratum consignare dicto Dobrassino. Et aliam medietatem pro eorum mercede conducenda dictum salem pro ipsius conductoribus retinere et habere. Promittentes vicissim omnia et singularia suprascripta firma et rata habere et tenere ut supra sub obligatione omnium suorum bonorum. Renuntiando" (09.08. 1428.g.), Div. Canc., XLV, 31v.
3528:
862:
496:
3548:
4672:
practice, are mutually intelligible) diverged only in the ninth or tenth century. While
Romanian historians have tried to argue that the Romanian-speakers have always lived in the territory of Romania (originating, it is claimed, from Romanized Dacian tribes and/or Roman legionaries), there is compelling evidence to show that the Romanian-speakers were originally part of the same population as the Vlachs, whose language and way of life were developed somewhere to the south of the Danube. Only in the twelfth century did the early Romanian-speakers move northwards into Romanian territory.
3480:
1303:
874:
2429:
3453:
2887:
3500:
715:
1469:
7429:"Et qui e regione Danubio item adiacent Ripenses Daci, sive Valachi, originem, quam ad decus prae se ferunt praedicantque Romanam, loquela ostendunt, quos catholice christianos Romam quotannis et Apostolorum limina invisentes aliquando gavisi sumus ita loquentes audire, ut, quae vulgari communique gentis suae more dicunt, rusticam male grammaticam redoleant latinitatem."
901:. On the other hand, opponents of this theory say that the Romanians and the Vlachs, including the ancestors of present-day Aromanians, were originally part of the same group of speakers of Eastern Romance languages, and that their origins should be sought in the southern Balkans. Early Romanian-speakers would have then moved northwards from the 12th century onwards.
7116:
7411:"Apud superiores Sarmatas colonia est ab Traiano, ut aiunt, derelicta, quae nunc etiam inter tantam barbariem multa retinet latina vocabula, ab Italis, qui eo profecti sunt, notata. Oculum dicunt, digitum, manum, panem multaque alia quibus apparet ab Latinis, qui coloni ibidem relicti fureant manasse, eamque coloniam fuisse latino sermone usam."
2154:, confirms the right of the archdiocese to tithes from mining wages and from animal taxes collected from the Szeklers and Vlachs to the king or anyone else, among the judicial, accommodation and taxation privileges of the archdiocese, with the exception of land rents from Saxons, but also from Vlachs from everywhere and from anywhere they came.
1220:
opinion they should not be believed even if the Vlachs take an oath. Kekaumenos arbitrarily identified the Vlachs with the
Dacians according to the archaizing efforts of his time, because the tendency to refer to later peoples with classical names was common in Byzantium at the time of Kekaumenos. Kekaumenos also confused the Roman province
1928:, but they are not credible in the subject and the chronicle is not evidence for presence of Vlachs in Transylvania. Madgearu attempts to prove that a Vlach-Slav population existed in Transylvania before the arrival of the Hungarians by recounting place names of Slavic origin he believes weren't adopted to Romanian via Hungarian.
2139:, for his services in various foreign embassies, donates to Vince, Comes of the Szekler of Sebus, the land called Zek between the territory of the Vlachs of Kyrch, the Saxons of Barasu, and the Szeklers of Sebus, which once belonged to a Saxon estate called Fulkun, but has been uninhabited since the Mongol invasion.
1219:
According to
Hungarian historians, Kekaumenos made the Dacians the ancestors of the Vlachs because he knew about the deceitfulness of the Dacians against the Romans, and according to him the Dacians and Vlachs had a perfectly matching nature, treachery and political unreliability, so much that in his
4671:
The name 'Vlach' was a word used by the Slavs for those they encountered who spoke a strange, usually
Latinate, language; the Vlachs' own name for themselves is 'Aromanians' (Aromani). As this name suggests, the Vlachs are closely linked to the Romanians: their two languages (which, with a little
1267:
region is made, the document is kept in the archive of the monastery Great Lavra on Mount Athos. According to this
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos replies to the monks of the monastery complaining that people on their domain are not paying taxes. The document contains some of the first Romanian names,
2560:
In 1335, a royal commissioner, on the orders of the King of
Hungary, arranges for a Vlach voivode named Bogdan to move to the Kingdom of Hungary "with his entire household and people". According to the charter, the settlement of the Vlach voivode and his people lasted from 1 November 1334 to 15
2415:
to keep the 60 households of
Romanians (mansiones Olacorum) free from all taxes and services on the lands of Dalya, Ompaycza, Fylesd and Enugd, separated from the episcopal estates. These Romanians should not be forced by any royal tax collector to pay taxes, dues, or fiftieths. The charter,
5662:
3436:
738:, one that was also often engaged in the transport of goods, colonisation of empty lands, and military service. It will then expand to local interpretations with religious, ethnic, and social status particularities across the wider region, being employed as a name for
2280:
only in the 12th century, therefore
Hungarian chroniclers identified the semi-nomadic lifestyle of the Vlachs as a distinguishing characteristic. Kézai wrote that the Vlachs gave script to the Székelys, but the reality is different, because Kézai wrote about the
3527:
3059:
In addition to the ethnic groups of
Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians and Istro-Romanians who emerged during the Migration Period, other Vlachs could be found as far north as Poland, as far west as Moravia and Dalmatia. In search of better pasture, they were called
1867:, are not a sufficient reason to discredit the entire document as a historical source. It is important to note, however, that the chronicle mentions many rulers, but none of them is mentioned in any other contemporary chronicle. According to Romanian historian
804:(also known under other names, such as "Koutsovlachs", "Tsintsars", "Karagouni", "Chobani", "Vlasi", etc.) is used in scholarship for the Romance-speaking communities in the Balkans, especially those in Greece, Albania and North Macedonia. In Serbia the term
2187:
From 1276 King
Ladislaus allows the chapter of Alba Iulia to settle 60 Romanian households (mansiones) on the border of his estates called Fülesd and Enyed, separated from the episcopal lands, and to exempt them from all royal taxes, fiftieth and tithes.
6045:, Românii în secolul al XIII-lea între cruciată şi imperiul mongol, București, 1993, 36; A. Lukács, Ţara Făgăraşului, 156; T. Sălăgean, Transilvania în a doua jumătate a secolului al XIII-lea. Afirmarea regimului congregaţional, Cluj-Napoca, 2003, 26-27
2683:
cities bloom with industry and commerce, while the fertile lands of Hungarian farmers produce good wine, fat cattle, and plenty of grain for bread. High upon the mountains Vlach herdsmen tend to their sheep, and bring down good tasting cheese to the
3004:
notes that "the Dacians or Vlachs claim to have Roman origins and they think this fact is a decoration in itself" and that "when they spoke the language of their common and simple people it scent of a grammatically incorrect peasant Latin".
746:
population in opposition to Catholic population, for the rural population of the hinterlands, the Christian population in general as opposed to Muslim population, or a combination of these aspects. During the early history of the
831:, more commonly apprentice shepherds. The term originated following Vlachian arrival in mounts and hills of present-day Slovakia in 14th century and coinciding development in sheep herding and dairy industry. Further west, in
7816:
Though focussed on the Vlachs of North Macedonia, has in-depth discussion of many topics, including the origins of the Vlachs, their status as a minority in various countries, their political use in various contexts, and so
3515:
5341:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Balassi Kiadó, Szegedi Tudományegyetem - Középkori Egyetemes Történeti Tanszék (University of Szeged - Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences - Department of Medieval History). pp. 18–20.
1885:, however no archaeological evidence was found to prove the subject. Hungarian archaeologist István Bóna also accused Romanian archaeologists of hiding evidence that did not fit their interpretation regarding the
3575:, but the problem is that many migrations were in multiple directions during the same time. These migrations were not just part of the history of the Balkans and the Carpathians, they exist in the Caucasus, the
6138:
History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 – III. Transylvania in the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom (896–1526) – 1. Transylvania's Indigenous Population at the Time of the Hungarian Conquest
1077:
in contexts taking place decades before the earliest appearance of the Cumans in the Pontic steppe, and that translating the name to "Black Cumans" is not concordant with the Varangian ethnic terminology.
2285:, and his opinion was based on the observation that the Vlach shepherds engraved symbols while counting their sheep. Kézai confused the Székely runs with the Cyrillic script which was used by the Vlachs.
1682:. The chronicle describes how the Crusaders captured several Vlachs who told them that the Vlachs live in Macedonia, Thessaly and Bulgaria, and that because they were heavily taxed, they were rebelling.
3374:
groups. During the Middle Ages, many Vlachs were shepherds who drove their flocks through the mountains of Central and Eastern Europe. Vlach shepherds may be found as far north as southern Poland (
1484:
living in the theme of Paristrion of the Byzantine Empire, caused by a tax increase. It began on 26 October 1185, the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki, and ended with the creation of the
2878:
included segregation policies stating that "a Serb shall not marry a Vlach". However, these laws were not successful and intermarriage between Slavs, Vlachs and also Albanians did take place.
2408:, publishes an "angry" charter to the Transylvanian nobility, mentions that all the Vlachs were supposed to be settled on the royal crown's property called "Székes", not on their own estates.
2248:) "Vlach newcomer", the adjective classifying Romanians as immigrants was omitted from the Romanian translation. Some Hungarian scholars noted that Simon of Kéza used different spellings for
1228:, and even he placed it further west where it actually was, that is why he mentioned the Serbian territory as the homeland, the Bessus tribe was a neighbor of the Roman province Macedonia.
1916:
shows that is too naive to claim it is an immaculate source, just as it is foolhardy to totally discredit its reliability, and the conclusion, the cases for and against the existence of
7275:
6829:
6580:
sed siculi, olachi et Saxones omnes vias ipsorum cum indaginibus stipaverunt sive giraverunt et sic (de vita ipsorum omnino sunt de) necessitate cogente ibidem castra eorum sunt metati
2689:
In 1359, the King of Hungary allowed a Vlach noble family and their household to settle in the country, first giving them 13 villages, and then 6 years later another 5 villages in the
6848:
History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 - III. Transylvania in the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom (896–1526) - 2. From the Hungarian Conquest to the Mongol Invasion
2542:
1069:
people, since the "Blakumen" in the texts are "non-christian heathens" and nomadic horsemans. Spinei contrasts Pritsak's view by claiming that there are several mentions of the
1053:
is mentioned in Nordic sagas dating between the 11th and 13th centuries, with respect to events that took place in either 1018 or 1019 somewhere at the northwestern part of the
3569:
for several recent centuries the investigation of the Vlachian ethnogenesis was so much dominated by political issues that any progress in this respect was incredibly difficult
2853:
In 1383 the so-called "Peace convention of Christian" is signed by Saxons and Romanians (Vlachs) from the area of Sibiu, aimed to ensure the peace between the two communities.
2173:
on 12 July 1260, on the border between Hungary and Austria, near the castle and town of Hemburg on the Moraua River. Among the people that fought in Béla's army Vlachs, called
1795:
Sándor Timaru-Kast alleges that the Venetian Chronicle refers to the land that would become Wallachia as "Black Cumania", "the colony of black Vlachs who migrated northwards".
7978:
Octavian Ciobanu, "The Role of the Vlachs in the Bogomils' Expansion in the Balkans.", Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies, Year 4, Issue 7, December 2021, pp. 11–32.
1461:
described Leon Vatatzes' military expedition along the northern Danube, where Vatatzes mentioned the participation of Vlachs in battles with the Magyars (Hungarians) in 1166.
7981:
A.J.B Wace, M.A. & M.S. Thompson, M.A. 'The Nomads of The Balkans' An Account Of Life And Customs Among The Vlachs of Northen Pindus, Methuen & Co. LTD. London, 1914.
4015:
1871:
and leading Romanian medievalist Radu Popa, during the 1960–1989 period, the archaeological evidences were manipulated to meet the demands of the nationalist policies of the
1499:
lost his wife, he wanted to marry the daughter of Bela III of Hungary, but there was not enough money for the wedding, so he imposed taxes in the regions and cities of the
1005:, Alans, Greeks and many other peoples." According to other non-Romanian historians, based on the context, the "Waladj" are not the Vlachs, but a people living around the
7957:
1599:, and among the defenders there were many Vlachs. The King used the opportunity and "... took home a number of these valiant mountain soldiers, and settled them in the
759:, made up of Christians who served as auxiliary forces and were exempted of certain taxes until the beginning of the 17th century. In this context, a large part of the
3479:
2006:
around 1202, which was granted land, mentions it was built in the land of the Vlachs/Romanians. This is also the first mention of the Vlachs in Hungarian documents.
1362:
away, took their land and settled among the Slavs. The Primary Chronicle thus contains a possible reference to Romanians. Other non-Romanian historians consider the
5327:
Ferincz, István; Balogh, László; Font, Márta; Kovács, Szilvia; Polgár, Szabolcs; Zimonyi, István (2015). Zimonyi, István; Balogh, László; Kovács, Szilvia (eds.).
4751:
Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. Editor și traducător: B. Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82
7028:
6651:
7627:
Z. Konečný, F. Mainus, Stopami minulosti: Kapitoly z dějin Moravy a Slezska/Traces of the Past: Chapters from the History of Moravia and Silesia, Brno:Blok,1979
2807:
Papal documents from late 14th century reference the conquest of Medieș fortress "from the hands of schismatic Vlachs" by an unnamed King of Hungary. Historian
3547:
6042:
1143:). The same text describes that the homeland of the Vlachs is Thessaly, precisely the part of the region divided by the river Pleres. Florin Curta adds that
5560:
provoking the barbarians who lived in the vicinity of Mount Haimos, formerly called Mysians and now named Vlachs, to declare war against him and the Romans.
1847:, a Turkic people. László Makkai writes that "this hypothesis does not bear the test of scholarly scrutiny". The chronicle's authenticity is in question in
58:
5921:
Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1996). Românii şi maghiarii în secolele IX-XIV. Geneza statului medieval în Transilvania] . Center for Transylvanian Studies. pages 84-85
5518:
5506:
1256:
According to the Alexiad, in 1094–1095, Emperor Alexius Komnenos was notified by a Vlach chieftain called Poudila about the crossing of the Danube by a
3673:
2804:" and to "settle them on his estates". Also in the same letter, he asks the "border nobles" that "if strangers come from Wallachia, do not stop them".
1674:
789:) and is still used as a derogatory term to refer to the rural inhabitants of the hinterland, both Croats and Serbs, as "peasants" and "ignorants". In
54:
3051:"—"This Inscription was translated from Valachian (Romanian) into Latin, but the King has received it written in the Ruthenian language (Slavic)."
7967:
Adina Berciu-Drăghicescu, Aromâni, meglenoromâni, istroromâni : aspecte identitare şi culturale, Editura Universităţii din București, 2012.
2401:
In 1292, Andrew III of Hungary allows some Hungarian nobles to invite Vlachs to the country, to their estates called "Ilye", "Szád" and "Fenes".
1678:
mention the Vlachs as people living in the mountains and forests of the Balkans. The chronicle also describes the Vlachs' homeland as being near
1439:, and from there they sometimes come down to plunder, which they do quickly, as swift as deers, for which reasons there is no king to rule them.
7933:, a documentary film by Alastair Kenneil and Tod Sedgwick (US) 1971 describes life in the Vlach village of Samarina in Epiros, Northern Greece.
7313:
5597:
4729:
3534:
5439:
4760:
Spinei, Victor, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century. Brill. 2009, p. 83
5465:
V. Spinei, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta From the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, 2009, p. 132.
4742:
Spinei, V. (2009). The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century. Brill, p. 152
7673:
4373:"Zef Mirdita, Vlasi u historiografiji [Vlachs in historiography], "Hrvatski institut za povijest", Zagreb 2004., 562 str"
1851:, because it confuses the peoples living in the area in the 12th century and the peoples of the 9th century. Among others, it includes the
1611:
6680:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana"
6413:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana"
6387:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana"
6361:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana"
6335:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana"
6309:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana"
6261:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana"
4473:
1139:, in the high mountains of Bulgaria, where it is very cold. (it is clear from the text that we are talking about the mountains of today's
7748:
7598:, vol. IV, ed. Kister, Geneve, Switzerland, 1970, pp. 290-291, and many other maps & old atlases – these names disappear after 1980.
4653:
is an obvious fact: Thraco-Romans haven't vanished in the soil & Vlachs haven't appeared after 1000 years by spontaneous generation.
4529:
1882:
1812:
3160:), mentioned by Pope Honorius III in 1222. Vlachs led by Ploskanea supported the Tatars in the 1223 Battle of Kalka. Vlach lands near
2767:
special privileges to the Transylvanian noblemen to take measures against malefactors belonging to any nation, especially the Vlachs.
1260:
army, and that to prepare himself for the attack, then the Vlachs likewise led the Cumans through the gorges of the Balkan Mountains.
1135:
In 1071, a Byzantine document mentions that the herds of the Vlachs and their household spend the months of April to September beyond
5147:[Mátyás Gyóni: The oldest opinion about the origin of the Romanian people. Kekaumenos' works as sources of Romanian history]
3645:
3452:
2621:
appears, which can be interpreted as an expression of the papal chancellery's conviction about the Roman origin of the Wallachians.
4290:
Locators of the settlements under Wallachian law in the Sambor starosty in XVth and XVIth c. Territorial, ethnic and social origins
4019:
2925:
2079:
to let them into his country: "for the sake of God, give refuge to those poor Vlachs who tried to escape from their Cuman rulers."
3590:
of Vlach heritage in the Balkans, denial of Vlach descend of various groups and personalities, and exclusion from political life.
3499:
2574:
styles himself "Imperator Raxie et Romanie, dispotus Lartae et Blachie comes" – Emperor of Rascia and Romania, despot of Arta and
7616:
that in 1550 a foreign writer, the Italian Gromo, called the Banat "Valachia citeriore" (the Wallachia that stands on this side).
6172:
J. DEER, Der Weg zur Goldenen Bulle Andreas II. Von 1222, în Schweizer Beitrage zur Allgemeinen Geschichte, 10, 1952, pp. 104-138
2200:
4346:"Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity(ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th–18th Centuries)"
8015:
6850:. New York: Columbia University Press, (The Hungarian original by Institute of History Of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences).
515:
found in Western sources derived from medieval German, while the Germanic population from Transylvania used also the variants
7972:
7954:
7936:
John Kennedy Campbell, 'Honour Family and Patronage' A Study of Institutions and Moral Values in a Greek Mountain Community,
7906:
7862:
7846:
7727:
The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor
7544:
7485:
7297:
6534:
6473:
6118:
6099:
5972:
5944:
5695:
5346:
4491:
4427:
4205:
3973:
3924:
3869:
2564:
In 1341, a Hungarian royal document notes that the Hungarian Czibak noble family can invite and settle more Vlachs to their
1967:. After this, all Hungarian battles in the Carpathian region were supported by Romance-speaking soldiers from Transylvania.
1342:
people attacked the Slavs, settled among them and did them violence, leading to the Slavs departing and settling around the
4910:
3026:
wrote about Vlachs in Medieval Poland – Małopolska region, theorizing their origin as a population that came from Italy or
2147:
5374:. Translated by A. S. Dawes, Elizabeth. Ontario: In parentheses Publications Byzantine Series Cambridge. pp. 90, 141.
5177:"Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii Cruciadei a IV-a. Până unde răzbate ecoul discuțiilor intelectuale de la Constantinopol?"
4962:
David Jacoby, Byzantium, Latin Romania and the Mediterranean, St Edmundsbury Press, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, 1984, p. 522
4831:
A. Decei, V. Ciocîltan, "La mention des Roumains (Walah) chez Al-Maqdisi", in Romano-arabica I, Bucharest, 1974, pp. 49–54
4067:
3989:
1409:
and Androneia. In the same work she also describes the Vlachs as "the nomadic tribes, called Vlachs in popular parlance".
6084:". Povijesni Prilozi (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Croatian History Institute. 14 (14): 27-31 (Serbian), 31-33 (Crusades).
1025:. On the peninsula, the Vlachs were famous for their cheese and meat products. In these texts sometimes they are called "
958:
mentions that 300 Vlach families live near the mountain, and in their own language they call their settlements "Catuns".
827:, other than denoting people of Vlachian ethnicity or origin, is synonymously and even more prominently used to describe
6960:
5760:
5535:
2997:
and many other things, from which it appears that the Latins, who remained there as settlers, used the Latin language."
8078:
6881:(in Hungarian). Szeged: University of Szeged, Magyar Medievisztikai Kutatócsoport (Hungarian Medieval Research Group).
5093:
3583:. Because of this, our knowledge concerning primary migrations of the Vlachs and the ethnogenesis is more than modest.
2184:
donates the royal lands or villages of Budula and Tohou, also known as Olahteleky, to Simon's son, Nicholas of Brașov.
734:, the word also acquired a socio-economic component, being used as an internal name for the pastoral population in the
352:
took on the meaning 'foreigner' or 'Romance-speaker' and later "shepherd', 'nomad'. The term was adopted into Greek as
8005:
7700:
Ilie Gherghel, Câteva consideraţiuni la cuprinsul noţiunii cuvântului "Vlach". Bucuresti: Convorbiri Literare, (1920).
6679:
6412:
6386:
6360:
6334:
6308:
6260:
4093:
7877:
7829:
7394:
6855:
6794:
6551:"The Mongol domination and the detachment of the Romanians of Wallachia from the domination of the Hungarian Kingdom"
6145:
5871:
5470:
5286:
5027:
4935:
4816:
4638:
4611:
4273:
3821:
3763:
2301:
1739:
1627:
1413:
1022:
6140:. Columbia University Press, (The Hungarian original by Institute of History Of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences).
5628:
5212:
Historical Aspects Regarding the Megleno-Romanian Groups in Greece, the FY Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Romania
6443:"IUS VALACHICUM – The Valachian Way of Life in Stories About Domestic Origins in the Hungarian Medieval Chronicles"
4170:
3640:
3610:
3490:
2461:
Stefan Milutin, in another medieval Serbian document, mentions that 30 Vlach families live on a church estate near
8028:
5211:
4461:
Studii şi cercetări. Actele Simpozionului "Banat – istorie şi multiculturalitate". Zrenianin – 2012, Reşiţa – 2013
1925:
555:. But testimonies from the 13th and the 14th centuries show that, although in Europe and beyond, they were called
8073:
217:
for the social category of shepherds, and was also used for non-Romance-speaking peoples, in recent times in the
7750:
SLA 218. Ukrainian Literature and Culture. Excerpts from The Rus' Primary Chronicle (Povest vremennykh let, PVL)
1863:
states that some exaggerations and inaccuracies, typical of a chronicle at the time and mostly in favour of the
7991:
7797:
Victor A. Friedman, "The Vlah Minority in Macedonia: Language, Identity, Dialectology, and Standardization" in
7263:
6001:
5581:
5311:
4313:
2531:
2476:
839:
and the inhabitants as Valaši, names usually translated in English as Wallachia and Wallachians, respectively.
797:
Croatian inhabitants to refer to the Istro-Romanians and the Slavs who settled in the 15th and 16th centuries.
7786:
6550:
3034:(Slavic) population from the Danube settlements, and then they themselves settled in the fertile lands there.
1435:
for a Romance-speaking population. In his work he mentions that these Vlachs live high up in the mountains of
7838:
The Forgotten Minorities of Eastern Europe: The History and Today of Selected Ethnic Groups in Five Countries
5145:"Gyóni Mátyás: A legrégibb vélemény a román nép eredetéről. Kekaumenos művei, mint a román történet forrásai"
4888:
Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana, in Drei lygisogur, ed. Å. Lagerholm (Halle/Saale, 1927), p. 29
4041:
2917:
2812:
1253:. Melissenos recruited, among others, Bulgarians and "the nomadic tribes called Vlachs in popular parlance".
495:
6638:
D. CĂPRĂROIU, ON THE BEGINNINGS OF THE TOWN OF CÂMPULUNG, ″Historia Urbana″, t. XVI, nr. 1-2/2008, pp. 37-64
2640:
2053:, in his writing about the conquests of Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen, notes that the "Magna Vlachia" is next to
551:
The term 'Vlach' first appeared in medieval sources and was generally used as an exonym for speakers of the
500:
7780:
A. Koukoudis, Oi mitropoleis kai i diaspora ton Vlachon , publ. University Studio Press, Thessaloniki 1999.
4971:
Alan Harvey, Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900-1200, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 172
3625:
3037:
An attested reference to Romanian comes from a Latin title of an oath made in 1485 by the Moldavian Prince
2875:
2868:
2212:
735:
8058:
6872:
5830:
The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century
4903:
The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century
3949:
Romanians and Hungarians from the 9th to the 14th Century. The Genesis of the Transylvanian Medieval State
2487:
2472:, a priest gave land to the church, and the given land extended to the land of Kneže, where Vlachs lived.
1196:
live now. They feigned loyalty to the Romans while they were constantly attacked and pillaged, therefore,
4793:
G. Murnu, Când si unde se ivesc românii întâia dată în istorie, în "Convorbiri Literare", XXX, pp. 97-112
3620:
2276:
who were confused with the Vlachs. According to Polish historian Ryszard Grzesik, the Vlachs appeared in
1758:
7756:. Toronto: Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature, University of Toronto. p. 16. Archived from
2651:
2236:) in the border mountains, mingling with them, and adopting their alphabet. After the withdrawal of the
909:
During the Middle Ages, the term "Magna Vlachia" appears in Byzantine documents. This name was used for
7813:
4118:
3965:
Culture and Power at the Edges of the State: National Support and Subversion in European Border Regions
2821:
complained that the Vlachs living in its territory are not willing to give up their nomadic lifestyle.
1481:
1231:
Alexius Komnenos mentions that in 1082 he passed through a Vlach settlement called Exeva in Macedonia.
1205:
861:
3736:
2599:
1689:
documents from the very end of the 12th century speak of Vlach shepherds in the mountains between the
4597:
3635:
2891:
2335:
1746:
1715:
1176:
967:
856:
739:
719:
552:
178:
155:
7713:
A.Hâciu, Aromânii, Comerţ. Industrie. Arte. Expasiune. Civiliytie, tip. Cartea Putnei, Focşani 1936.
7117:"Seasonal pastoral exploitation of forests in the area of Subcarpathia in the 15th and 16th century"
6876:
5328:
3571:". The transhumance of Vlachs, the heirs of Roman citizens, may be a key for solving the problem of
1088:
In 1022, Vlach shepherds from Thessaly and the Pindus mountains provided cheese for Constantinople.
3161:
2240:, the only people left in Pannonia were immigrants, Slavs, Greeks, Germans, Moravians, and Vlachs (
2030:
The Orthodox Vlachs spread further northward along the Carpathians to the present day territory of
1989:
1970:
1921:
1658:
42:
7434:
Ad Alphonsum Aragonensem serenissimum regem de expeditione in Turchos Blondus Flavius Forliviensis
4452:
3168:
in the north, Moldova in the south and the Bolohoveni lands in the east were conquered by Galicia.
2742:
46:
7937:
7478:
Romanische Sprachgeschichte: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Geschichte der romanischen Sprachen
7476:. In Ernst, Gerhard; Gleßgen, Martin-Dietrich; Schmitt, Christian; Schweickard, Wolfgang (eds.).
6754:"In the Name of the Morlachs. The Memory of an Identity Along Centuries: Some working Hypotheses"
3135:
2800:
complains that he has only 9 Vlach villages, and asks for permission "to invite more Vlachs into
2358:
2327:, but after the victorious battle, the Vlachs refused to go home and settled in the territory of
2308:
2181:
2050:
1948:
1832:
1485:
1473:
1209:
886:
852:
31:
17:
4144:
919:
mentioned the Vlachs in 976, as guides and guards of Byzantine caravans in the Balkans. Between
7863:
Les Aroumains, un peuple qui s'en va (Paris, 2005); Cincari, narod koji nestaje (Beograd, 2010)
7855:
Th Capidan, Aromânii, Dialectul Aromân, ed2 Εditură Fundaţiei Culturale Aromâne, București 2005
7783:
A. Keramopoulos, Ti einai oi koutsovlachoi , publ 2 University Studio Press, Thessaloniki 2000.
7757:
6875:[The list of papal tithes from 1332–1337 and the number of Romanians in Transylvania].
3887:"Decadence, Rome and Romania, the Emperors Who Weren't, and Other Reflections on Roman History"
3587:
3288:
3092:
2940:
2166:
2111:
1443:
38:
7836:
7663:
7473:
7436:
in: Mirko Tavoni, Latino, grammatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica, 1984, p. 58
7418:
in: Mirko Tavoni, Latino, grammatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica, 1984, p. 58
6578:] (in Hungarian). Kolozsvár: Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület (Transylvanian Museum Association).
5611:
5265:
C. A. Macartney, The Habsburg Empire: 1790–1918, Faber & Faber, 4 sept. 2014, paragraf.185
3963:
3442:
Théodore Valerio, Paysans valaques des environs de Lugos. Vlach/Romanian peasants from around
3370:, new state borders were developed that divided the summer and winter habitats of many of the
3012:
confirmed the liberties of the Vlachs in an open letter, issued March 31, 1474 in the town of
1924:
writes in his critical and analytical guide of Anonymus that all Romanian historians refer to
1588:
63:
7522:"The Slavonian Census of 1698. Part I: Structure and Meaning, European Journal of Population"
5237:
5235:
4293:
3914:
3753:
2786:
2411:
In November 1293, King Andrew confirms King Ladislaus's earlier concession to the chapter of
2405:
2391:
2380:
2158:
1940:
1765:
1735:
1379:
1302:
1246:
1132:, nephew of the homonymous 10th century military commander, and father in law of the writer.
1129:
752:
695:". In late Byzantine documents, the Vlachs are sometimes mentioned as Bulgaro-Albano-Vlachs (
673:
6442:
5996:. Vol. East European Monographs. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 71, 85.
4521:
2833:
2170:
2143:
2136:
2083:
2076:
2064:
1287:
1036:
In 1013, a Byzantine document mentions the settlement of "Kimbalongu" in the mountains near
3078:
3048:
Haec Inscriptio ex Valachico in Latinam versa est sed Rex Ruthenica Lingua scriptam accepta
3042:
2979:
2716:
2680:
2647:
2535:
2297:
2282:
2091:
2024:
2016:
2003:
1993:
1932:
1307:
760:
7594:
Map of Yugoslavia, file East, sq. B/f, Istituto Geografico de Agostini, Novara, in :
5899:
Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History
5780:
5683:
The Asanids: the political and military history of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1280)
5232:
2387:
noble families the right to invite Vlachs into the country "from South of the mountains".
1872:
8:
7787:
Birgül Demirtaş-Coşkun; Ankara University. Center for Eurasian Strategic Studies (2001).
6576:
The role of Székelys in border defense during the Middle Ages and the age of Principality
4716:
Eroberer und Eingesessene. Geographische Lehnnamen Sùdosteuropas im 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr
4391:
3916:
Entangled Histories of the Balkans: Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies
2936:
2829:
2585:
2118:
1750:
1718:
1705:
1515:
816:) is also used to refer to Romanian speakers, especially those living in eastern Serbia.
210:
8055: – a short Czech film from 1955 depicting life of Vlachs in Czech Moravia
7725:
7521:
5712:
5244:. Demetrius Dvoichenko-Markov Byzantion Vol. 49 (1979), pp. 175-187, Peeters Publishers.
4603:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
3816:
qui illo tempore Romani vocabantur, modo vero Moroulachi, hoc est Nigri Latini vocantur.
2943:, and juzi from Croatia vow to respect the property right of the local St. John church.
2837:
2735:
939:
7307:
5990:"Ethnos and Mythos in the History of Transylvania: the case of the chronicler Anonymus"
5803:
5591:
5537:
A románok eredetéről, Magna Vlachiától Ungrovlachiáig. A Kárpát -régió magyar földrajza
5300:"Ethnos and Mythos in the History of Transylvania: the case of the chronicler Anonymus"
4723:
4572:
4265:
A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language: Reconstruction of Proto-Albanian
3615:
3391:
3338:
3252:
3238:
2982:
2921:
2801:
2771:
2720:
2676:
2655:
2633:
2550:
2216:
mentions the Vlachs in his work three times: After the land had been conquered by King
2196:
1864:
1647:
1428:
1424:
1242:
1115:
988:
848:
836:
756:
700:
454:
398:
292:
222:
7697:("History of the Romanians of the Pindus, Greater Vlachia, 980–1259"), Bucharest, 1913
6962:
A románok eredetéről, Magna Vlachiától Ungrovlachiáig. A Kárpát-régió magyar földrajza
5762:
A románok eredetéről, Magna Vlachiától Ungrovlachiáig. A Kárpát-régió magyar földrajza
4455:[Vlachs from the Island Krk in the Primary Historical and Literature Sources]
2905:, who lived in Ostravica, whose castle has even been taken by them. The leader of the
2516:
2497:
Goods sold by the Vlachs are mentioned in after 1328 by Ragusan documents, among them
2228:) were elected to remain in Pannonia who had been their shepherds and husbandmen. The
1661:, most probably 1198–1199, and it is related to a donation act towards restoration of
7968:
7945:
Memory, Identity, Typology: An Interdisciplinary Reconstruction of Vlach Ethnohistory
7912:
7902:
7873:
7842:
7825:
7636:
Silviu Dragomir: "Vlahii din nordul peninsulei Balcanice în evul mediu"; 1959, p. 172
7540:
7481:
7390:
7356:
7293:
7259:
7199:
6882:
6851:
6790:
6530:
6469:
6141:
5997:
5968:
5940:
5867:
5807:
5720:
5691:
5577:
5466:
5352:
5342:
5307:
5282:
5023:
4931:
4906:
4812:
4634:
4607:
4576:
4433:
4423:
4309:
4269:
4222:
4201:
3969:
3920:
3865:
3759:
3580:
3303:
3148:
3038:
3009:
2793:
2643:
Szeri Pósa invited Vlachs to Hungary, to populate the area around the Mutnok stream.
2455:
2417:
2162:
2087:
2011:
1777:
1754:
1657:
The first mention of Vlachs in Serbian medieval chronicles is dated from the time of
1562:
1546:
brothers' court was given military command by Emperor Isaac and expanded his rule to
1519:
1492:
1451:
1447:
1319:
1311:
1001:, "They say that in the Turkic neighbourhood there are the Khazars, Russians, Slavs,
928:
893:. For proponents of this theory, Eastern Romance languages prove the survival of the
743:
367:
206:
7743:(First edition published in 1930. The first 50 pages are a scholarly introduction.)
3731:
3600:
3521:
Vlach women in traditional dress, North Macedonia/Greece, Van Den Brule Alfred, 1907
2724:
2492:
etiam vicinorum populorum, videlicet Ruthenorum, Walachorum et Lithwanorum stipatusc
7416:
Historia convivalis, utrum priscis Romanis latina lingua omnibus communis fuerit...
6125:
5795:
5687:
4650:
4564:
3576:
3387:
3350:
3309:
3140:
2957:
2708:
2598:
Morlachs are first recorded in 1344, during the struggle between the counts of the
2192:
1912:
1887:
1877:
1816:
1800:
1728:
1592:
1577:
1523:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1163:
1103:
1092:
898:
873:
731:
418:
376:
163:
159:
115:
89:
7329:"Esad Kurtović, Konj u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni, Filozofski fakultet, Sarajevo 2014"
5519:
Octavian Ciobanu: The Role of the Vlachs in the Bogomils’ Expansion in the Balkans
5507:
Octavian Ciobanu: The Role of the Vlachs in the Bogomils’ Expansion in the Balkans
5144:
4664:
3864:. Dept. of Slavonic and Baltic Languages and Literatures, University of Helsinki.
3802:
3293:
2857:
2617:
A letter from 1345 from Pope Clement VI to the Hungarian king Louis I, the phrase
2520:
2207:
1944:
1875:
regime, and Romanian archaeologists made every possible attempt to prove that the
1306:
Map of Central-Southern Europe during the late Middle Ages/early Modern period by
8032:
7961:
7788:
7703:
7609:
6524:
6018:
5681:
5496:(in Hungarian) (I. ed.). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia . p. 274.
5440:"Aging levee. On the 25th anniversary of Gottfried Schramm's Ein Damm Bricht"
4601:
4263:
3945:
Românii şi maghiarii în secolele IX–XIV. Geneza statului medieval în Transilvania
3859:
3674:"On the Significance of Certain Names: Romanian/Wallachian and Romania/Wallachia"
3418:
3395:
3185:
3176:
3096:
3087:
2775:
2764:
2712:
2060:
1907:
1639:
1225:
1140:
1062:
820:
727:
422:
338:
230:
218:
194:
6948:(in Hungarian) (IV. ed.). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. p. 79.
3837:
Inheritance versus lexical borrowing: a case with decisive sound-change evidence
3329:
2592:
2581:
2571:
2545:
in the Kingdom of Hungary, one settlement mentioned in the source as Romanian: "
934:
866:
771:
by the inhabitants of the Dalmatian coast and islands. In these areas, the term
7858:
7559:
A. Boldur, Istoria Basarabiei, Editura Victor Frunza, Bucuresti 1992, pp 98-106
7276:
State and Society in the Balkans Before and After Establishment of Ottoman Rule
6843:
6830:
State and Society in the Balkans Before and After Establishment of Ottoman Rule
5412:
3836:
3463:
3406:
3367:
3354:
3342:
2856:
In 1385, the King of Hungary settles 10 Vlachs villages on the royal estate of
2808:
2757:
2741:
counties in the Kingdom of Hungary, and he was also invested with the title of
2451:
2316:
2039:
1860:
1848:
1619:
1539:
1213:
1085:
was founded, which was responsible for "the spiritual care of all the Vlachs".
1066:
980:
916:
832:
748:
691:
In historical sources the term "Vlach" could also refer to different peoples: "
524:
334:
326:
310:
8050:
7687:
G. Weigand, Die Aromunen, Bd.Α΄-B΄, J. A. Barth (A.Meiner), Leipzig 1895–1894.
6133:
5859:
4641:, chap. II, "Historical landmarks", p. 50 (English text), the survival of the
4437:
4247:
H. C. Darby (1957). "The face of Europe on the eve of the great discoveries".
4119:"Italians in Malá Strana / English – Open House Praha : Open House Praha"
3019:
2947:
2350:. The same emperor, in 1289, confirms the rights of St. Andrew Monastery from
1576:
According to Niketas Choniates, the Vlachs are the barbarians who live in the
507:
Other forms which were recognised by linguists to designate the "Vlachs" are:
8067:
7916:
7645:
Marian Wenzel, "Bosnian and Herzegovinian Tombstobes—Who Made Them and Why?"
6886:
5749:
Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 29, 2015
5740:
Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 27, 2015
5724:
5482:
Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 40, 2015
5356:
5165:
Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 39, 2015
5075:
Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 37, 2015
3410:
3001:
2993:
which still retains much of the Latin vocabulary, and that its members say: "
2731:
2428:
2320:
1804:("The deeds of the Hungarians"), written in the early 13th century, when the
1694:
1600:
1462:
1458:
1283:
763:
was repopulated by Slavic settlers, both Orthodox and Catholic, speaking the
7888:
7718:
Romanus şi valachus sau Ce este romanus, roman, român, aromân, valah şi vlah
6490:
5713:"Ideas of federation and personal union with regard to Bulgaria and Romania"
4552:
3013:
2954:, as part of the local population subject to mayor of Busk legal authority.
2244:) who had been servants of Attila. Hungarian historians point out that the (
1881:
is a reliable source for the Romanian presence in Transylvania prior to the
7950:
7690:
7674:
Octavian Ciobanu: Cultural appropriation of the Vlachs' heritage in Balkans
5558:. Translated by Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
5306:. Vol. East European Monographs. New York: Columbia University Press.
4642:
4417:
3857:
3572:
3506:
3383:
3371:
2670:
2629:
2624:
In 1349, another Hungarian royal charter mentions the Vlachs, allowing the
2554:
2526:
Croatian chronicler Miha de Barbazanis writes that Vlachs from the area of
2384:
2289:
2277:
1999:
A royal chancellery document from 1223, connected to the foundation of the
1868:
1856:
1679:
1543:
1398:
1234:
998:
894:
878:
613:
7537:
Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365
6526:
Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365
5799:
2659:
2549:". This Romanian place-name is the first recorded Romanian toponym in the
2373:
2328:
2129:
2121:
is excepted, while the voivodate of Seneslaus the king keeps for himself.
1488:, also known in its early history as the Empire of Bulgarians and Vlachs.
221:
derogatively. The term is also used to refer to the ethnographic group of
8045:
Consiliul A Tinirlor Armanj, Youth Aromanian community and their Projects
7777:Τ. Winnifrith, The Vlachs. The History of a Balkan People, Duckworth 1987
7733:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 325
7227:"Northern Extent of Settlements on the Wallachian Law in Medieval Poland"
5939:(Urbańczyk, Przemysław ed.). Warsaw: Wydawn. DiG. pp. 141–165.
3108:
2886:
2782:
2099:
2000:
1892:
1551:
1276:
1221:
955:
441:
has also been used to designate Italians. The same name is still used in
225:
who speak a Slavic language but originate from Romanians, as well as for
147:
73:
2723:
the confiscated domains of his opponent. Later, Balc became the head of
2293:
2229:
8025:
8010:
8000:
6983:
6933:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. pp. 287–298.
6726:
6184:"Traces of Vlach Migrations in the Toponymy of Polish Podtatrze Region"
4419:
Multiethnic regionalisms in Southeastern Europe: statehood alternatives
3886:
3697:
3031:
2990:
2412:
2395:
2365:
2343:
1974:
1952:
1824:
1809:
1805:
1417:
1371:
1355:
1272:
1167:
1148:
1144:
1121:
1030:
1018:
962:
764:
202:
151:
7200:"Enacted "Jus Valachicum" in South Transylvania (14th-18th Centuries)"
6873:"Az 1332-1337. évi pápai tizedjegyzék és az erdélyi románság létszáma"
6249:]. Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române. pp. 329–333.
5247:
2968:
2603:
703:, the name "Vlach" in medieval sources had the same rank as the name "
699:), or Serbo-Albano-Bulgaro-Vlachs. According to the Serbian historian
537:
Rumer, Tzintzars, Morlachs, Maurovlachs, Armâns, Cincars, Koutzovlachs
7955:
a photo-essay on the Valchs published by GEO magazine (France), 2010.
7506:
6571:
A székelység szerepe a középkori és fejedelemség kori határvédelemben
6506:
6504:
6502:
5781:"The Gesta Hungarorum of Anonymus, the Anonymous Notary of King Béla"
4568:
3630:
3220:
3207:
3073:
2951:
2913:
2625:
2394:
presides over a meeting of "Nobles, Saxons, Szeklers, and Vlachs" in
2369:
2151:
2072:
2043:
1982:
1960:
1936:
1387:
1250:
1201:
1054:
1037:
984:
972:
794:
714:
174:
8020:
7710:("Aromanians, Aromanian dialect, Linguistic Study"), Bucharest, 1932
7447:
7328:
7226:
7172:
7142:
7072:
6753:
6613:
6183:
6081:
6055:
5989:
5386:
5299:
5176:
4688:
The Medieval Hungarian Historians: A Critical & Analytical Guide
4372:
3414:
2103:
1350:. According to the chronicle the Slavs settled there first, and the
693:
Slovak, Hungarian, Balkan, Transylvanian, Romanian, or even Albanian
535:
appear, respectively. In the Balkan Peninsula various names such as
7383:
Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din peninsula Balcanică]
6783:
Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din peninsula Balcanică]
6569:
5848:; Rásonyi, László (1979), Bulaqs and Oguzs in Medieval Transylvania
5016:
Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din peninsula Balcanică]
4805:
Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din peninsula Balcanică]
4463:(in Croatian). Novi Sad, Zrenjanin: Editura Fundaţiei. p. 348.
4345:
4333:. Belgrade: Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji. p. 309.
3605:
3280:
3228:
3193:
3165:
3157:
3112:
3103:
2906:
2902:
2832:
from settle further "foreigners" to the border areas of Bónafalva,
2663:
2523:
monastery the Vlach pastures and katuns along Drim and Lim rivers.
2462:
2437:
2433:
2351:
2221:
2191:
In a grant (around 1280) Queen Helena confirmed the grant given by
2035:
1662:
1651:
1436:
1136:
1125:
1102:
The same chronicle the Annales Barenses describes that in 1027 the
1045:
976:
924:
910:
828:
768:
414:
349:
226:
186:
7480:(in German). Vol. 1. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 738.
6499:
6020:
The medieval Hungarian historians: a critical and analytical guide
5932:
4626:
According to Cornelia Bodea, Ştefan Pascu, Liviu Constantinescu: "
4042:"Nyelvek, többnyelvűség, nyelvhasználati szabályok | Európai Unió"
3333:
2575:
2125:
1420:
and that the presence of women disturbed the monachal activities.
1033:" a Slavic tribe who settled in the same area in the 7th century.
37:"Vlach", "Wallach", and "Oláh" redirect here. For other uses, see
7573:
Since Theophanes Confessor and Kedrenos, in : A.D. Xenopol,
7103:
Documenta Romaniae Historica, vol. XIII, Transilvania (1366-1370)
5911:
Magyar historiográfia I.: Történetírás a középkori Magyarországon
5826:
Magyar historiográfia I.: Történetírás a középkori Magyarországon
4928:
The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas
4399:
Facta Universitatis. Series: Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology
3486:
3379:
3375:
3256:
3242:
3215:
3203:
2753:
2565:
2362:
2114:
2054:
1666:
1566:
1547:
1535:
1531:
1406:
1402:
1383:
1375:
1343:
1264:
1238:
1181:
1152:
992:
890:
592:
322:
214:
182:
7519:
6464:
Simon, of Kéza (1999). Veszprémy, László; Schaer, Frank (eds.).
5649:
A román nemzetiségi törekvések története és jelenlegi állapota 1
3306:, an older name for the region of Muntenia, southeastern Romania
2971:, allowing the Vlachs to enter the town if they call themselves
2639:
A Hungarian charter of 1352 states that, the lord lieutenant of
1906:
or not is disputed among historians. British-Romanian historian
1843:
are the Vlachs, some Hungarian scholars claim that they are the
1534:. A similar event is recorded by the same author in the area of
1065:, however, point out that the texts probably refer to a nomadic
7387:
The Medieval Origin of Conflict Centers in the Balkan Peninsula
6787:
The Medieval Origin of Conflict Centers in the Balkan Peninsula
6297:. Florida, Astor: The Danubian Research Centre. pp. 15–19.
5967:(in Romanian). Cetatea de Scaun. pp. 42, 43, 78, 150–151.
5183:(in Romanian). București/Suceava: Romanian Academy. p. 38.
5020:
The Medieval Origin of Conflict Centers in the Balkan Peninsula
4809:
The Medieval Origin of Conflict Centers in the Balkan Peninsula
4646:
4553:"Contested Landscape: Moravian Wallachia and Moravian Slovakia"
3961:
3554:
3422:
3312:, an older name for the region of Oltenia, southwestern Romania
3269:
3260:
3246:
3211:
3180:
3082:
2986:
2972:
2825:
2818:
2797:
2701:
2697:
2611:
2527:
2509:
2480:
2347:
2339:
2324:
2273:
2217:
2068:
2031:
1956:
1852:
1844:
1711:
imperator Caloihannes dominus omnium Bulgarorum atque Blachorum
1643:
1607:
1581:
1570:
1555:
1527:
1508:
1391:
1367:
1335:
1257:
1197:
1185:
1171:
1107:
1096:
920:
889:, the ancestors of modern Vlachs and Romanians originated from
790:
704:
442:
318:
306:
297:
242:
198:
190:
167:
143:
5242:
The Russian Primary Chronicle and the Vlachs of Eastern Europe
1631:, the authenticity of which is highly disputed by historians,
1291:
1286:
were attacked by Vlachs, in the mountains along the road from
8001:
The Vlach Connection and Further Reflections on Roman History
7747:
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (2013) .
5629:
Octavian Ciobanu : The heritage of Western Balkan Vlachs
5119:
5117:
5115:
3538:
3459:
3443:
3316:
3296:, a former county of southern Wallachia (derived from Slavic
2924:
was recorded on 9 August 1428, where Vlachs transported 1500
2898:
2690:
1964:
1917:
1896:
1820:
1690:
1686:
1615:
1596:
1331:
1193:
1156:
1111:
1082:
1006:
708:
410:
288:
177:, the term "Vlach" today refers primarily to speakers of the
101:
7724:
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (1953).
4998:
A felhasználhatatlan Bizánci forrás a Román nép történetéhez
4068:"Olaszország – Az uniós tagország bemutatása | Európai Unió"
3421:
between 12th and 16th century, could be attributed to Vlach
3277:, a region in southwestern part of Croatia mentioned in 1373
3068:
by the Slavs. States mentioned in medieval chronicles were:
1526:
who established an autonomous polity in the upper region of
931:. The Vlachs killed David in their first documented battle.
7357:"Kolonizacja wołoska na obszarach Wołynia w XV i XVI wieku"
4878:(in Hungarian). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. pp. 60–71.
4479:
3990:"Włochy – profil kraju członkowskiego UE | Unia Europejska"
3810:. Split: Muzej hrvatski arheoloških spomenika. p. 66 (
3224:
3027:
2929:
2864:
2847:
2843:
In 1376 the ban of Knin is also called "comes Holachorum".
2749:
2607:
2490:
attacks Brandenburg with neighboring Vlach reinforcements "
2312:
2288:
Several sources cite that the passes of the Carpathians in
2237:
1978:
1569:
and Acarnata are called "Little Vlachia" and north-eastern
1405:, mentions a Vlach settlement called Ezeba, which was near
1189:
672:, 'vlach'. Megleno-Romanians designate themselves with the
104:
6154:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5112:
4944:
2901:
saved 3000 ducats to organise an army against the looting
2669:
In 1358, a Hungarian royal chronicler named Márk mentions
2124:
In 1247, a Hungarian royal document allowed the nobles of
2117:
which was left to the Vlachs as they held it. The land of
1992:
proclaimed that all Vlachs of his kingdom belonged to the
1920:
and the Vlachs simply cannot be proven. British historian
1714:("Emperor Kaloyan, Lord of All Bulgarians and Vlachs") by
7607:
7290:
The Morlachs of Dalmatia during the 15th and 16th century
6228:
Separating Myths and Facts In the History of Transylvania
6062:(in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Croatian History Institute.
2763:
In June 1366 King Louis I of Hungary grants through the
2469:
2432:
Fra Mauro's map, sector XXIX, showing Vlachia Piccola in
2368:
and his people across the Carpathians, where they formed
2361:
was assassinated; the new Hungarian king allegedly drove
2323:. Constantinople sent an army of Vlachs from what is now
1468:
1095:
mentions a people called "Vlach" who live near the river
409:, etc. The root word was notably adopted in Germanic for
287:, etc.) is etymologically derived from the ethnonym of a
127:
8038:
5736:
5734:
5000:(in Hungarian). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. p. 514.
4453:"Vlasi i krčki Vlasi u literaturi i povijesnim izvorima"
4016:"Dlaczego mówimy "Włochy", a nie "Italia"? – Nasz Swiat"
3858:
Juhani Nuorluoto; Martti Leiwo; Jussi Halla-aho (2001).
2075:). In one of his letters he mentions the Vlachs, asking
1891:
during the excavation of the early medieval hillfort at
1606:
A Byzantine church document mentions that in 1190, "the
1174:
in connection about their origin and way of life in the
8044:
7662:
p. 14; BALCANICA POSNANIENSIA XXII/1 IUS VALACHICUM I,
5419:
5330:
Régmúlt idők elbeszélése - A Kijevi Rusz első krónikája
5326:
5187:
5071:
5069:
4606:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 10.
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
2071:
who lived in the southern part of present-day Romania (
1859:, who arrived only centuries later. Romanian historian
1749:
mentions twelve times the Vlachs part of the armies of
1204:
was also killed, and then the Vlachs were scattered in
1180:
in 1075–1078. According to Kekaumenos, the Vlachs were
7746:
7723:
7503:
Istoria cărții românești de la începuturi până la 1918
7105:, Editura Academiei Române, Bucharest 1994, p. 161-162
6106:
5253:
5009:
5007:
4200:. Ljubljana: Modrijan Založba ZRC. pp. 106, 227.
3366:
As national states appeared in the area of the former
2595:, mentions that, Dobrodoliane is inhabited by Vlachs.
7799:
Selected Papers in Slavic, Balkan, and Balkan Studies
7448:"Census Valachorum in mid 16th century Upper Hungary"
6087:
6082:
Balkanski Vlasi u svijetlu podataka Bizantskih autora
6056:
Balkanski Vlasi u svijetlu podataka Bizantskih autora
5731:
1147:
calls Vlachs "migrants from the northern parts", as
130:
7577:, Nicolae Iorga, Teodor Capidan, C. Giurescu :
6776:
6774:
6134:"Anonymus on the Hungarian Conquest of Transylvania"
5866:, vol. 1, New York: Columbia University Press,
5864:
History of Transylvania: From the Beginnings to 1606
5860:"Anonymus on the Hungarian Conquest of Transylvania"
5066:
3951:]. Center for Transylvanian Studies. p. 32.
3853:
3851:
3849:
3772:
2789:
was first documented in 1373 as a Vlach settlement.
2416:
confirmed by a double seal, is dated by the hand of
1839:) inhabited Pannonia. Most researchers say that the
1565:, Thessaly and Macedonia is called "Magna Vlachia",
1279:
by order of the Byzantine emperor Alexios Komnenos.
869:
between Latin- and Greek-language Roman inscriptions
124:
121:
98:
95:
7901:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyarságkutató Intézet.
7601:
6977:
6975:
6905:Az erdélyi Románok a középkori Magyar oklevelekben
5096:[Romanization of the Danube-Balkan region]
5004:
4308:. New York: New York University Press. p. 74.
4223:"Vlachs and Scandinavians in the Early Middle Ages"
3099:
or Wallachia Transalpina in administrative sources;
1837:
sclauij, Bulgarij et Blachij, ac pastores romanorum
1798:According to the medieval Hungarian chronicle, the
1788:(Slav). From there on the country will be known as
1029:", which may be a mixture of the name "Vlach" and "
667:
661:
173:Although it has also been used to name present-day
118:
92:
7596:Le Million, encyclopédie de tous les pays du monde
7031:, Edit. „George Barițiu”, Cluj-Napoca, 1997, p.473
6844:"The Cumanian Country and the Province of Severin"
6654:, Edit. „George Barițiu”, Cluj-Napoca, 1997, p.467
4498:
4490:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDemirtaş-Coşkun2001 (
4450:
2719:, moves to the Kingdom of Hungary and is given by
2199:, the Vlachs are separately mentioned, along with
1675:History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick
1503:, but he angered the "barbarians who dwelt in the
1021:around 1000, according to monastic documents from
437:became an exonym for Italians. The Slovenian term
7812:, Helsinki: University of Helsinki. 2001. 26–50.
7465:
7171:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004).
7141:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004).
7071:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004).
6771:
6612:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004).
6076:
6074:
6072:
5385:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004).
5153:Századok – A magyar történelmi társulat közlönye
3846:
3755:Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804
3541:(today in northern Greece), between 1900 and 1908
2946:Vlachs are mentioned in a document of Grand Duke
2756:, are rewarded for their military support by the
2704:that "the first Vlach inhabitants have arrived".
1465:says Vlachs were "colonists brought from Italy".
1124:writes about the revolt in 1066 in the region of
8065:
7994: – Maria Magiru about Aromanians
7695:Istoria românilor din Pind, Vlahia Mare 980–1259
7539:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 142–143.
7170:
7140:
7070:
6972:
6646:
6644:
6611:
6436:
6434:
5556:O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates
5384:
4392:"Elements of Ethnic Identification of the Serbs"
3955:
2828:obliges his successors not to prevent the Vlach
2774:decreed that only those Vlach settlers who were
2632:, thus encouraging more Vlachs to settle in the
2354:over the village Praktikatous or Vlachokatouna.
2067:, in which he talks about the conversion of the
201:. These people include the ethnic groups of the
8021:French Vlachs Association (in Vlach, EN and FR)
7790:The Vlachs: a forgotten minority in the Balkans
7058:Magyarország világi archontológiája (1301-1457)
7045:. Budapest: Szent István Társulat. p. 729.
6984:"Obraz Wołochów w piśmiennictwie Jana Długosza"
6981:
6727:"Obraz Wołochów w piśmiennictwie Jana Długosza"
6724:
5842:Az Árpád-kori Magyarország Történeti Földrajza;
4783:(in Hungarian). Székely és Illés. pp. 4–7.
4485:
2967:In 1450, the Vlachs are granted a privilege in
2658:, crosses the mountains with other Vlachs from
2614:, when a region called "Morlacorum" mentioned.
643:
633:
627:
617:
8006:Orbis Latinus: Wallachians, Walloons, Welschen
7708:Aromânii, dialectul aromân. Studiul lingvistic
7569:
7567:
7565:
7166:
7164:
6907:(in Hungarian). Minerva Nyomda. pp. 7–15.
6069:
5062:(in Spanish). Translated by J. Signes Codoner.
4198:Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen
3938:
3936:
3884:
3758:. University of Washington Press. p. 39.
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3535:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1650:and the "land of the black Latins, now called
1480:The uprising of brothers Asen and Peter was a
1354:seized the territory of the Slavs; later, the
751:in the Balkans, there was a military class of
601:
595:
370:
7947:, B.A., University of British Columbia, 1992.
6958:
6641:
6431:
6292:
5958:
5956:
5857:
5794:(4). Modern Humanities Research Association.
5758:
4896:
4894:
3820:In some Croatian and Latin redactions of the
2874:In the 14th century, royal charters from the
2748:Vlachs from the domain of Vidčeselo, between
1727:("King of the Bulgarians and the Vlachs") by
1665:with aid from the inhabitants of the area of
1431:was one of the first writers to use the word
1271:In 1097, many Vlachs were resettled from the
1184:and Bessi, who lived near and south from the
1017:Vlachs were present in large numbers, on the
835:, the area of Moravian Wallachia is known as
7895:Timely questions of the Romanian Middle Ages
7250:
7248:
6295:Documented Facts and Figures on Transylvania
6017:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer (2 January 1953).
3861:Papers in Slavic, Baltic, and Balkan studies
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3586:Researcher have also raised a concern about
3268:("the Old Vlach"), a region in southwestern
1268:such as Stan, Radu cel Şchiop, and Peducel.
1263:Also in 1094 the first mention of Vlachs in
1106:army led by Orestes that tried to recapture
531:. In English and in modern German the forms
361:
342:
7562:
7427:
7409:
7173:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică"
7161:
7143:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică"
7073:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică"
6614:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică"
6516:
5574:Magyar Térvesztés Román Térnyerés Erdélyben
5387:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică"
5047:(in German). Translated by Hans Georg Beck.
4422:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 110.
4415:
4292:. p. 274–275; BALCANICA POSNANIENSIA xxVI,
4246:
3933:
3804:Hrvatska kronika u Ljetopisu pop Dukljanina
3658:
3579:and possibly over the entire region of the
3402:became a synonym for apprentice shepherds.
3046:
2346:, fearing their possible alliance with the
2266:
2258:
2250:
2132:to settle Vlach families on their estates.
1722:
1709:
1114:, also included many Vlachs recruited from
655:
649:
607:
27:Romance-speaking populations in the Balkans
8016:Cultural appropriation of Vlachs' heritage
7474:"Externe Sprachgeschichte des Rumänischen"
7445:
7312:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7040:
6982:Obara-Pawłowska, Anna (20 February 2018).
6725:Obara-Pawłowska, Anna (20 February 2018).
6712:Vlasi u starijoj hrvatskoj historiografiji
6529:, Cambridge University Press, p. 29,
6225:
5994:Historians and the History of Transylvania
5953:
5596:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5304:Historians and the History of Transylvania
5057:
5042:
4891:
4855:
4728:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4698:
4515:
4513:
4389:
3962:Thomas M. Wilson; Hastings Donnan (2005).
3800:
3671:
3024:Annales seu cronici incliti regni Poloniae
2696:Also in 1359, the village of Lakság "near
2292:were defended by the Vlachs together with
1587:In 1183 Hungarian documents mention, that
1450:, captured Andronicus and returned him to
1057:and believed by some to be related to the
718:Map depicting the current distribution of
7886:
7245:
7029:Istoria României. Transilvania, Volumul I
6652:Istoria României. Transilvania, Volumul I
6510:
6213:Szkenderbég, a történelmi és irodalmi hős
6117:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMakkai1994 (
6016:
5616:Medieval Historical Sources East and West
5425:
5198:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5123:
4950:
4550:
3829:
3716:
3646:Vlachs in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina
3425:of Bosnia and Herzegovina of that times.
3119:; Bogdan's Wallachia, Moldo-Wallachia or
1646:, then, attacking further south, ravaged
539:were used, while Muslim sources speak of
142:(and many other variants), is a term and
7614:. Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică.
7380:
7326:
6809:
6780:
6668:. Magyar Történelmi Társulat. p. 7.
6548:
6098:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCurta2006 (
5987:
5962:
5822:Romanitatea românilor: Istoria unei idei
5710:
5679:
5297:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5013:
4802:
4328:
4220:
2885:
2700:", reports in a letter to the bishop of
2427:
2420:, provost of Fehérvár, vice-chancellor.
2307:According to the old Russian chronicle,
2042:, and were granted autonomy under the ''
1467:
1301:
881:paths of the Vlach shepherds in the past
872:
860:
713:
494:
213:. The term also became a synonym in the
53:
7500:
7008:
7006:
7004:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6898:
6896:
6818:]. Cultura Națională. pp. 3–4.
6705:
6703:
6701:
6567:
6440:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6206:
6204:
6066:(14): 27-31 (Serbian), 31-33 (Crusades)
5553:
5369:
5022:]. Editura Corint. pp. 57–58.
4925:
4713:
4662:
4519:
4510:
4303:
3747:
3745:
951:could refer to Wallachians/Romanians.
14:
8066:
7867:
7834:
7660:The Vlachs – several research problems
7534:
7520:Hammel, E. A. and Kenneth W. Wachter.
7471:
7287:
6902:
6870:
6841:
6812:Originea coloniilor române din Istria]
6751:
6596:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6522:
6447:Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia
6240:
6210:
6160:
6131:
6112:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5529:
5527:
5273:
5271:
5223:
5129:
5094:"A dunai-balkáni térség romanizációja"
4995:
4980:
4900:
4869:
4867:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4504:
4474:The Balkan Vlachs: Born to Assimilate?
4370:
4343:
3891:The Proceedings of the Friesian School
3785:
2458:to the church of St. Nikita in Bania.
947:". According to B. Dodge the ethnonym
7354:
7224:
7197:
7114:
6864:
6816:Origin of Romanian Colonies in Istria
6709:
6463:
6181:
6093:
5930:
5571:
5437:
5174:
5091:
5078:
4860:. Societatea Académica Moscopolitană.
4682:
4680:
4520:Horváth, Stanislav (9 October 2017).
3968:. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 122–.
3796:
3794:
3751:
3553:Vlachs returning to their village in
2912:The biggest caravan shipment between
2475:In a battle, Vlachs fought alongside
2319:because he feared an invasion by the
1370:, as their country is placed west to
897:in the lower Danube basin during the
7611:From Ancient Dacia to Modern Romania
7608:Mircea Mușat; Ion Ardeleanu (1985).
7583:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie
7528:
7001:
6911:
6893:
6698:
6657:
6279:
6247:Documents Regarding Romanian History
6243:Documente privind istoria românilor]
6201:
5965:Expansiunea maghiară în Transilvania
5778:
5491:
5444:Historical Studies on Central Europe
4669:. London: Macmilan. pp. 22–40.
4596:
4261:
4195:
3742:
3382:) by following the Carpathians, the
2863:Vlachs are a documented presence in
1973:donates 200 families of Vlachs from
1780:conquers this land and awards it to
793:, the ethnonym Vlach is used by the
591:in Spanish), the Romanians used the
7822:The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora
7575:Istoria Românilor din Dacia Traiană
7389:]. Editura Corint. p. 58.
6789:]. Editura Corint. p. 59.
6585:
6492:Kézai Simon mester Magyar Krónikája
5891:
5879:
5834:
5633:
5612:"Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja"
5524:
5268:
4864:
4811:]. Editura Corint. p. 52.
4763:
4590:
4526:Centrum pre tradičnú ľudovú kultúru
3942:
3361:
3322:("Wallachia on this side") in 1550.
2543:list of Papal Tithes from 1332–1337
2146:, upon the complaint of Archbishop
1442:Vlachs living by the border of the
1397:The Byzantine princess and scholar
681:
639:
623:
616:'. Also Aromanians use the endonym
511:found in Western medieval sources,
488:) it was replaced with the endonym
24:
7924:
7890:A román középkor időszerű kérdései
7841:. East-West Books. pp. 203–.
7509:: Editura Științifică. p. 40.
7012:
6943:
6928:
5646:
5533:
5254:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 2013
5142:
4876:Hogyan csinálódik némely história?
4778:
4686:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer (1953).
4677:
4656:
3791:
3493:), Christian Geissler, before 1844
3378:) and the eastern Czech Republic (
3139:, between the Carpathians and the
3091:in Romanian); Bassarab-Wallachia (
2890:Map showing the migrations of the
2850:mention "universitas Valachorum".
2817:In 1374, the Cathedral chapter of
2628:voivode to send a Vlach priest to
2584:donates 320 Vlach families to the
1768:writes about the country he calls
1738:mentions the Vlachs as enemies of
1610:and the Vlachs take the relics of
1249:to raise an army against invading
546:
25:
8090:
7985:
7055:
6663:
6488:
5788:Slavonic and East European Review
5335:The first chronicle of Kievan Rus
4840:
4628:România: Atlas Istorico-geografic
4451:Spicijarić Paškvan, Nina (2014).
3822:Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
2336:Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos
2302:Second Mongol invasion of Hungary
1628:Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
913:and present-day North Macedonia.
181:who live south of the Danube, in
7667:
7652:
7639:
7630:
7621:
7588:
7553:
7513:
7494:
7439:
7421:
7403:
7374:
7348:
7339:
7320:
7281:
7268:
7218:
7191:
7134:
7108:
7091:
7064:
7049:
7034:
7021:
6952:
6937:
6835:
6822:
6803:
6745:
6718:
6672:
6632:
6605:
6561:
6542:
6482:
6457:
6405:
6379:
6353:
6327:
6301:
6253:
6234:
6219:
6175:
6166:
6048:
6036:
6027:
6010:
5981:
5924:
5915:
5903:
5851:
5814:
5772:
5752:
5743:
5438:Curta, Florin (1 January 2022).
4532:from the original on 29 May 2023
4249:The New Cambridge Modern History
3641:Vlachs in the history of Croatia
3611:Romania in the Early Middle Ages
3546:
3537:against the Ottoman Empire from
3526:
3514:
3498:
3478:
3451:
3435:
3413:, theorized that the origins of
3045:, in which it is reported that "
2846:In 1381 Croatian documents from
2504:First mention of a Vlach called
2338:decides to move the Vlachs from
2272:were actually the Turkic people
2203:(Albanians), Latins, and Serbs.
1902:Whether archeology supports the
1522:who writes about a Vlach called
1507:mountains, who were once called
1040:, which was a Vlach settlement.
877:Hypothetical map projecting the
114:
88:
7327:Kurtović, Esad (January 2014).
6601:(in Hungarian). pp. 61–66.
6468:. Central European University.
5933:"Transylvania around A.D. 1000"
5820:E.g. Armbruster, Adolf (1972).
5704:
5673:
5655:
5622:
5604:
5565:
5547:
5512:
5500:
5485:
5476:
5459:
5450:
5431:
5405:
5378:
5363:
5320:
5291:
5259:
5217:
5204:
5168:
5159:
5051:
5036:
4989:
4974:
4965:
4956:
4919:
4882:
4873:
4849:
4834:
4825:
4796:
4787:
4754:
4745:
4736:
4707:
4692:
4620:
4544:
4467:
4444:
4409:
4383:
4371:Škegro, Ante (1 January 2004).
4364:
4337:
4322:
4297:
4282:
4255:
4240:
4221:Pintescu, Florin (April 2020).
4214:
4189:
4163:
4137:
4111:
4086:
4060:
4034:
4008:
3982:
3907:
3198:Small Wallachia (Μικρή Βλαχία,
2909:was a person called Sandallor.
2881:
2811:places this event close to the
2792:In a letter dates to 1374, the
2423:
2376:, as a Hungarian vassal state.
2357:According to a legend, in 1290
1700:
1482:revolt of Bulgarians and Vlachs
1297:
1012:
971:(1078), writes about a leader,
943:mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and
904:
887:theory of Daco-Roman continuity
301:, which meant 'stranger', from
7355:Jawor, Grzegorz (April 2023).
6959:Timaru - Kast, Sándor (2019).
6752:Caciur, Dana (4 August 2023).
6293:Wass de Czege, Albert (1977).
5759:Timaru - Kast, Sándor (2019).
3878:
3690:
3567:According to Ilona Czamańska "
3417:tombstones, which appeared in
3145:Regnum Bulgarorum et Blachorum
2995:oculum, digitum, manum, panem,
2675:It is the richest part of the
2606:families, in the regions near
2383:, in a document, grants three
2232:were settled with the Vlachs (
1753:, either as defenders against
1591:, in his campaign against the
1511:, but are now called Vlachs".
1200:launched a war, their leader,
780:
384:
13:
1:
7870:Early Transylvania (895–1324)
7681:
7333:Filozofski Fakultet, Sarajevo
7274:Srđan Rudić, Selim Aslantaş:
7198:Cosma, Ela (September 2022).
7015:A Váradi Püspökség Története
6828:Srđan Rudić, Selim Aslantaş:
5840:E.g. Györffy, György (1963).
5779:Rady, Martyn (October 2009).
5279:Early Transylvania (895–1324)
4390:Gavrilović, Danijela (2003).
4377:Časopis za suvremenu povijest
4018:. 21 May 2022. Archived from
3919:. Brill. 2013. pp. 42–.
3533:Vlach revolutionaries in the
3467:
3315:An Italian writer called the
3233:Upper Wallachia (Άνω Βλαχία,
2871:, probably as early as 1388.
2813:Fourth Council of the Lateran
2441:
2372:along with its first capital
2063:wrote several letters to the
1632:
1324:
519:. French sources used mostly
7381:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001).
7017:(in Hungarian). p. 192.
6781:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001).
6549:Madgearu, Alexandru (2018).
5963:Madgearu, Alexandru (2019).
5711:Nyagulov, Blagovest (2012).
5680:Madgearu, Alexandru (2016).
5543:(in Hungarian). p. 334.
5228:. Magna Lingua. p. 212.
5226:Út a trianoni békeparancshoz
5181:Archeologia Moldovei XXXVIII
5014:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001).
4930:. Harvard University Press.
4803:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001).
3702:Dicționare ale limbii române
3626:Vlach (Ottoman social class)
2869:Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia
2778:could receive royal grants.
2213:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
2021:silva blacorum et bissenorum
1931:In 1213, an army of Vlachs,
1081:In 1020, the Archdiocese of
767:dialect and called Vlach or
660:are also the Albanian forms
457:for Italy, while in Slovak (
255:(and other variants such as
236:
7:
7992:Romănii Balcanici Aromânii
7524:. University of California.
7446:Diaconescu, Marius (2015).
6466:The Deeds of the Hungarians
6226:Dr. Balogh, Sándor (2010).
6215:(in Hungarian). p. 79.
5937:Europe around the year 1000
5717:Bulgarian Historical Review
5554:Niketas, Choniates (1984).
4905:. Brill. pp. 106–107.
4856:Bujduveanu, Tănase (2002).
4781:Az Oláh erdei pásztornépről
4714:Schramm, Gottfried (1981).
4416:Stjepanović, Dejan (2018).
3621:Supplex Libellus Valachorum
3593:
3491:Vlachs that live in Croatia
3054:
2654:, but now in conflict with
1910:states the analysis of the
1724:Rex Bulgarorum et Blachorum
1573:is called "Upper Vlachia".
1378:by the author of the work,
1170:writes about the Vlachs in
927:, they met and fought with
72:("Wallachian Shepherd from
10:
8095:
7887:Miskolczy, Ambrus (2021).
5885:Thoroczkay, Gábor (2009).
5456:A. Decei, op. cit., p. 25.
4699:Blagojević, Miloš (1997).
4251:. Vol. 1. p. 34.
3902:Note: The Vlach Connection
3428:
3405:Some researchers, such as
3251:Magna Vlachia in southern
2824:In 1374, Bishop László of
2568:estate, "from the south".
1542:, formerly a boyar at the
1476:, seat of Dobromir Chrysos
975:, who is given command by
937:published in 998 the work
846:
842:
736:medieval Kingdom of Serbia
291:tribe, adopted into Proto-
240:
162:—south of the Danube (the
36:
29:
8079:Transhumant ethnic groups
7472:Dahmen, Wolfgang (2008).
7258:p. 130; Wiley-Blackwell,
6810:Dragomir, Silviu (1924).
6441:Grzesik, Ryszard (2016).
5988:Deletant, Dennis (1992).
5828:; Spinei, Victor (2009).
5298:Deletant, Dennis (1992).
4926:Pritsak, Omeljan (1981).
4551:Košťálová, Petra (2022).
3636:Vlachs in medieval Serbia
3562:
2962:Bosniae and Valachiae Rex
2532:Mladen II Šubić of Bribir
2468:In 1321 on the island of
2436:and Monte de Murlachi in
1747:Geoffrey of Villehardouin
954:A monastic document from
857:History of the Aromanians
688:) in their own language.
553:Eastern Romance languages
417:, and in Switzerland for
362:
330:
179:Eastern Romance languages
156:Eastern Romance languages
154:to designate speakers of
7658:Ilona Czamańska; (2015)
7501:Tomescu, Mircea (1968).
7225:Jawor, Grzegorz (2016).
7115:Jawor, Grzegorz (2016).
6568:Sófalvi, András (2012).
5824:; Kristó, Gyula (2002).
4996:Olajos, Terézia (1988).
4858:Aromâni si Muntele Athos
4701:Lexikon des Mittelalters
4633:, Academia Română 1996,
4072:european-union.europa.eu
4046:european-union.europa.eu
3994:european-union.europa.eu
3943:Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1996).
3752:Sugar, Peter F. (1996).
3652:
3353:(Czech: Beskydy) of the
3172:Regions and places are:
2989:left a colony among the
2897:In 1412, the captain of
2860:in the area of Szilágy.
1990:Stefan the First-Crowned
1971:Stefan the First-Crowned
1922:Carlile Aylmer Macartney
1759:attackers of Adrianopole
1719:Basil I of Bulgaria
1589:King Béla III of Hungary
1497:Emperor Isaac II Angelos
720:Eastern Romance-speaking
503:, Bosnia and Herzegovina
70:Pâtre valaque de Zabalcz
43:Wallach (disambiguation)
8035:, by Asterios Koukoudis
7938:Oxford University Press
7820:Asterios I. Koukoudis,
7801:, ed. Juhani Nuoluoto,
7535:Vásáry, István (2005).
7292:. Poznań. p. 154.
7041:Dr. Karácsonyi, János.
6842:Makkai, László (2001).
6523:Vásáry, István (2005),
6513:, p. 127, 155–156.
6241:Roller, Mihail (1951).
6211:Lóránt, Ballai (1990).
6132:Makkai, László (2001).
5897:Róna-Tas, András (1999)
5572:Árpád, Kosztin (2003).
5534:Sándor, Timaru - Kast.
5060:Consilia et Narrationes
4901:Spinei, Victor (2009).
4666:Kosovo, a short history
4557:Revue des Études Slaves
4476:at culturalsurvival.org
4344:Kursar, Vjeran (2013).
4329:Ćirković, Sima (2020).
4306:Bosnia. A Short History
4304:Malcolm, Noel (1996) .
4262:Orel, Vladimir (2000).
3885:Kelley L. Ross (2003).
3737:Encyclopædia Britannica
3505:Romanian immigrants in
3136:Second Bulgarian Empire
2892:Eastern Romance peoples
2454:Serbian king donated 6
2309:Ladislaus IV of Hungary
2077:King Béla IV of Hungary
2051:Constantine Akropolites
1949:Second Bulgarian Empire
1833:shepherds of the Romans
1486:Second Bulgarian Empire
995:by the Bulgarian Tsar.
853:Origin of the Romanians
668:
662:
644:
634:
628:
618:
499:Medieval necropolis in
344:
32:Vlachs (disambiguation)
8074:Eastern Romance people
8031:13 August 2007 at the
7868:Kristó, Gyula (2003).
7428:
7410:
7254:Sima Ćirković; (2004)
6871:Kristó, Gyula (1986).
6684:library.hungaricana.hu
6417:library.hungaricana.hu
6391:library.hungaricana.hu
6365:library.hungaricana.hu
6339:library.hungaricana.hu
6313:library.hungaricana.hu
6265:library.hungaricana.hu
5931:Curta, Florin (2001).
5909:Gyula, Kristó (2002).
5887:Írások az Árpád-korról
5858:László Makkai (2001),
5370:Comnena, Anna (2000).
5277:Kristó, Gyula (2003).
5224:László, Botos (2001).
5175:Curta, Florin (2015).
5092:Mócsy, András (1987).
4663:Malcolm, Noel (1998).
3588:cultural appropriation
3390:in the south, and the
3346:
3289:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3131:in Byzantine sources);
3047:
2894:
2679:, where Hungarian and
2538:and Ban John Babonić.
2448:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2220:, several people left
1740:Boniface of Montferrat
1723:
1710:
1514:Mentions of Vlachs in
1495:, after the Byzantine
1477:
1444:Principality of Halych
1416:mention the Vlachs in
1314:
991:after the conquest of
882:
870:
723:
656:
650:
608:
602:
596:
575:(Воло́хи) in Russian,
504:
447:Włochy, Włosi, włoskie
426:
371:
314:
77:
39:Vlach (disambiguation)
8059:Western Balkan Vlachs
8047:(in Vlach, EN and RO)
8026:Studies on the Vlachs
7872:. Budapest: Lucidus.
7835:Tanner, Arno (2004).
7716:Steriu T. Hagigogu, "
7288:Caciur, Dana (2021).
7043:Történelmi hazugságok
7013:István, Lipovniczky.
6931:Biharvármegye Oláhjai
6597:Dr. Jancsó, Benedek.
6080:Zef Mirdita (1995). "
6054:Zef Mirdita (1995). "
5846:Térképészeti földrajz
5844:Faragó, Imre (2017).
5800:10.1353/see.2009.0062
4985:. Budapest: ELTE BTK.
4983:A román nép története
4981:Sándor, Bíró (1977).
4268:. Brill. p. 58.
4123:www.openhousepraha.cz
4098:slovnik.juls.savba.sk
2889:
2743:Count of the Székelys
2591:A charter, issued by
2431:
2406:Andrew III of Hungary
2392:Andrew III of Hungary
2381:Andrew III of Hungary
2159:Ottokar II of Bohemia
1766:Henry of Valenciennes
1764:Around the same time
1736:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
1729:Pope Innocent II
1538:where a Vlach called
1472:Plan of the fortress
1471:
1380:Nestor the Chronicler
1305:
1247:Nikephoros Melissenos
1151:associates them with
1130:Nikoulitzas Delphinas
987:switched alliance to
876:
864:
717:
533:Wallachians, Walachen
509:Blaci, Blauen, Blachi
498:
241:Further information:
57:
47:Oláh (disambiguation)
7960:14 July 2014 at the
7806:Slavica Helsingiensa
7581:, Petre Ș. Năsturel
7414:Poggio Bracciolini,
7097:I. Dani, K. Gündish
6903:Dr. Makkai, László.
6710:Mužić, Ivan (2010).
6182:Oczko, Anna (2016).
5663:"A "ROMÁNOK FÖLDJE""
5494:Az Oláhok Története
4598:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
4486:Demirtaş-Coşkun 2001
4196:Snoj, Marko (2009).
4145:"Fran/iskanje/laški"
4094:"Slovenské slovníky"
3824:, from 16th century.
3093:Bassarab's Wallachia
3079:Southern Carpathians
2985:claims in 1450 that
2652:Voivode of Maramureș
2536:Charles I of Hungary
2501:, a type of cheese.
2488:Władysław I Łokietek
2311:asked for help from
2092:Knights Hospitallers
2017:Andrew II of Hungary
1708:was given the title
1622:with a great pomp."
1457:Byzantine historian
1446:during the reign of
1273:Chalcidice peninsula
1019:Chalcidice peninsula
761:Dalmatian hinterland
697:Bulgaralbanitoblahos
209:and, in Serbia, the
30:For other uses, see
6832:, 2017, pages 33-34
6033:Curta, 2006, p. 385
5651:. pp. 126–129.
5058:Kekaumenos (2000).
5043:Kekaumenos (1964).
4331:Živeti sa istorijom
4288:Jan Gawron; (2020)
3801:Ivan Mužić (2011).
3326:Valahia transalpina
3123:; Black Wallachia,
3041:to the Polish King
2960:styled himself as "
2499:formaedi vlacheschi
2359:Ladislaus the Cuman
2094:with two polities (
2023:" was given to the
1751:Kaloyan of Bulgaria
1427:(1130–1173) of the
1386:stretched from the
1334:settled beside the
1308:Transylvanian Saxon
999:Mutahhar al-Maqdisi
979:over the Vlachs in
800:Nowadays, the term
571:(Βλάχοι) in Greek,
523:while the medieval
166:) and north of the
7720:", Bucharest, 1939
7649:21 (1962): 102–143
7647:Sudost-Forschungen
7179:. pp. 282–283
7121:bibliotekanauki.pl
6929:Vincze, Bunyitay.
6163:, p. 140–141.
6043:Papacostea, Șerban
6023:. pp. 61, 75.
4352:. pp. 116–118
3616:Statuta Valachorum
3458:Vlach shepherd of
3392:Caucasus Mountains
3339:Moravian Wallachia
3320:Valachia citeriore
2983:Poggio Bracciolini
2922:Republic of Ragusa
2895:
2867:since the rule of
2834:Királybányatoplica
2772:Louis I of Hungary
2721:Louis I of Hungary
2673:and its peoples: "
2656:Louis I of Hungary
2619:quod Olachi Romani
2551:Kingdom of Hungary
2449:
2197:Vranjina monastery
2171:Béla IV of Hungary
2144:Béla IV of Hungary
2137:Béla IV of Hungary
2084:Béla IV of Hungary
1883:Hungarian conquest
1810:Grand Prince Árpád
1792:(Great Valachia).
1663:Hilandar monastery
1478:
1429:Kingdom of Navarre
1425:Benjamin of Tudela
1412:In 1109, monks on
1346:under the name of
1315:
989:Samuel of Bulgaria
883:
871:
849:History of Romania
795:Chakavian-speaking
724:
505:
451:Olasz, Olaszország
78:
8039:Vlachs' in Greece
7973:978-606-16-0148-6
7943:Gheorghe Bogdan,
7908:978-615-6117-41-0
7848:978-952-91-6808-8
7579:Istoria Românilor
7546:978-0-521-83756-9
7487:978-3-11-014694-3
7299:978-83-66355-68-2
6714:. pp. 10–11.
6536:978-1-139-44408-8
6475:978-963-9116-31-3
6060:Povijesni Prilozi
5974:978-606-537-443-0
5946:978-83-7181-211-8
5697:978-90-04-33319-2
5647:Jancsó, Benedek.
5348:978-963-506-970-5
5210:Emil Țîrcomnicu:
5045:DAS "STRATEGIKON"
4845:. pp. 62–63.
4649:basin during the
4429:978-1-137-58585-1
4207:978-961-241-360-6
4125:. 2 November 2022
3975:978-3-8258-7569-5
3926:978-90-04-25076-5
3871:978-952-10-0246-5
3581:Mediterranean Sea
3386:in the west, the
3347:Moravské Valašsko
3304:Greater Wallachia
3154:Terra Prodnicorum
3149:Pope Innocent III
3117:Bogdano-Wallachia
3039:Stephen the Great
3030:who expeled the
2932:with 600 horses.
2876:Kingdom of Serbia
2794:Cathedral chapter
2711:, son of Voivode
2677:Hungarian Kingdom
2634:Hungarian kingdom
2510:Istrian Peninsula
2163:Pope Alexander IV
2012:Diploma Andreanum
1778:Henry of Flanders
1755:Henry of Flanders
1734:In 1204 and 1205
1625:According to the
1563:Niketas Choniates
1520:Niketas Choniates
1516:Medieval Bulgaria
1493:Niketas Choniates
1448:Yaroslav Osmomysl
1320:Primary Chronicle
1312:Johannes Honterus
961:Byzantine writer
929:David of Bulgaria
885:According to the
757:Ottoman Macedonia
742:speaking people,
606:, from the Latin
541:Ulak, Ilak, Iflak
477:) and Slovenian (
449:) and Hungarian (
429:), and in Poland
207:Megleno-Romanians
16:(Redirected from
8086:
8011:Vlachs in Greece
7997:
7920:
7900:
7883:
7852:
7794:
7772:
7770:
7768:
7762:
7755:
7742:
7740:
7738:
7732:
7676:
7671:
7665:
7656:
7650:
7643:
7637:
7634:
7628:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7605:
7599:
7592:
7586:
7585:, vol. XVI, 1998
7571:
7560:
7557:
7551:
7550:
7532:
7526:
7525:
7517:
7511:
7510:
7498:
7492:
7491:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7443:
7437:
7431:
7425:
7419:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7378:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7352:
7346:
7343:
7337:
7336:
7324:
7318:
7317:
7311:
7303:
7285:
7279:
7272:
7266:
7252:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7168:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7154:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7112:
7106:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7068:
7062:
7061:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7038:
7032:
7027:Ioan Aurel Pop:
7025:
7019:
7018:
7010:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6979:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6941:
6935:
6934:
6926:
6909:
6908:
6900:
6891:
6890:
6868:
6862:
6861:
6839:
6833:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6778:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6707:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6676:
6670:
6669:
6661:
6655:
6650:Ioan Aurel Pop:
6648:
6639:
6636:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6599:Erdély Története
6594:
6583:
6582:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6520:
6514:
6508:
6497:
6496:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6461:
6455:
6454:
6438:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6290:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6208:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6194:
6179:
6173:
6170:
6164:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6129:
6123:
6122:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6091:
6085:
6078:
6067:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6014:
6008:
6007:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5960:
5951:
5950:
5928:
5922:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5855:
5849:
5838:
5832:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5785:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5756:
5750:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5729:
5728:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5644:
5631:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5595:
5587:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5531:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5489:
5483:
5480:
5474:
5463:
5457:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5340:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5295:
5289:
5281:.Lucidus Kiadó.
5275:
5266:
5263:
5257:
5256:, pp. 2, 8.
5251:
5245:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5221:
5215:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5185:
5184:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5150:
5140:
5127:
5126:, p. 97–98.
5121:
5110:
5109:
5104:(in Hungarian).
5099:
5089:
5076:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5011:
5002:
5001:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4978:
4972:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4954:
4953:, p. 96–97.
4948:
4942:
4941:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4912:9-789-04742880-0
4898:
4889:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4871:
4862:
4861:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4841:Huart, Clément.
4838:
4832:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4776:
4761:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4675:
4674:
4660:
4654:
4651:Migration Period
4632:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4569:10.4000/res.5138
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4517:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4458:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4301:
4295:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3931:
3930:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3855:
3844:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3809:
3798:
3789:
3783:
3770:
3769:
3749:
3740:
3729:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3672:Ioan-Aurel Pop.
3669:
3577:Adriatic islands
3550:
3530:
3518:
3502:
3482:
3472:
3469:
3455:
3439:
3394:in the east. In
3388:Pindus Mountains
3362:Shepherd culture
3351:Beskid Mountains
3310:Lesser Wallachia
3285:Romanija planina
3188:(Μεγάλη Βλαχία,
3147:in documents by
3141:Balkan Mountains
3050:
2958:Nicholas of Ilok
2636:from the south.
2508:in 1329, in the
2446:
2443:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2193:Stefan Vladislav
1913:Gesta Hungarorum
1888:Gesta Hungarorum
1878:Gesta Hungarorum
1817:Carpathian Basin
1801:Gesta Hungarorum
1726:
1713:
1637:
1634:
1593:Byzantine Empire
1578:Balkan mountains
1524:Dobromir Chrysos
1330:states that the
1329:
1326:
1284:crusading armies
1237:mentions in her
1093:Annales Barenses
965:, author of the
940:Kitāb al-Fihrist
899:Migration Period
788:
782:
744:Eastern Orthodox
732:High Middle Ages
683:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
637:
631:
625:
621:
611:
605:
599:
392:
386:
374:
365:
364:
347:
332:
164:Balkan peninsula
160:Southeast Europe
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
111:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
87:
67:
59:Théodore Valerio
21:
8094:
8093:
8089:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8064:
8063:
8033:Wayback Machine
7995:
7988:
7962:Wayback Machine
7927:
7925:Further reading
7909:
7898:
7880:
7859:Trifon, Nicolas
7849:
7766:
7764:
7760:
7753:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7704:Theodor Capidan
7684:
7679:
7672:
7668:
7657:
7653:
7644:
7640:
7635:
7631:
7626:
7622:
7606:
7602:
7593:
7589:
7572:
7563:
7558:
7554:
7547:
7533:
7529:
7518:
7514:
7505:(in Romanian).
7499:
7495:
7488:
7470:
7466:
7456:
7454:
7444:
7440:
7432:Flavio Biondo,
7426:
7422:
7408:
7404:
7397:
7379:
7375:
7365:
7363:
7353:
7349:
7344:
7340:
7325:
7321:
7305:
7304:
7300:
7286:
7282:
7278:, 2017, page 31
7273:
7269:
7253:
7246:
7236:
7234:
7223:
7219:
7209:
7207:
7196:
7192:
7182:
7180:
7169:
7162:
7152:
7150:
7139:
7135:
7125:
7123:
7113:
7109:
7096:
7092:
7082:
7080:
7069:
7065:
7054:
7050:
7039:
7035:
7026:
7022:
7011:
7002:
6992:
6990:
6980:
6973:
6968:(in Hungarian).
6965:
6957:
6953:
6942:
6938:
6927:
6912:
6901:
6894:
6869:
6865:
6858:
6840:
6836:
6827:
6823:
6808:
6804:
6797:
6779:
6772:
6762:
6760:
6750:
6746:
6736:
6734:
6723:
6719:
6708:
6699:
6689:
6687:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6662:
6658:
6649:
6642:
6637:
6633:
6623:
6621:
6610:
6606:
6595:
6586:
6566:
6562:
6547:
6543:
6537:
6521:
6517:
6509:
6500:
6495:(in Hungarian).
6489:Szabó, Károly.
6487:
6483:
6476:
6462:
6458:
6439:
6432:
6422:
6420:
6411:
6410:
6406:
6396:
6394:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6370:
6368:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6344:
6342:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6318:
6316:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6291:
6280:
6270:
6268:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6239:
6235:
6224:
6220:
6209:
6202:
6192:
6190:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6159:
6155:
6148:
6130:
6126:
6116:
6111:
6107:
6097:
6092:
6088:
6079:
6070:
6053:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6032:
6028:
6015:
6011:
6004:
5986:
5982:
5975:
5961:
5954:
5947:
5929:
5925:
5920:
5916:
5908:
5904:
5896:
5892:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5856:
5852:
5839:
5835:
5819:
5815:
5783:
5777:
5773:
5768:(in Hungarian).
5765:
5757:
5753:
5748:
5744:
5739:
5732:
5709:
5705:
5698:
5678:
5674:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5645:
5634:
5627:
5623:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5570:
5566:
5552:
5548:
5540:
5532:
5525:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5501:
5492:Hunfalvy, Pál.
5490:
5486:
5481:
5477:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5436:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5396:
5394:
5383:
5379:
5368:
5364:
5349:
5338:
5325:
5321:
5314:
5296:
5292:
5276:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5252:
5248:
5240:
5233:
5222:
5218:
5209:
5205:
5197:
5188:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5148:
5143:Elekes, Lajos.
5141:
5130:
5122:
5113:
5097:
5090:
5079:
5074:
5067:
5056:
5052:
5041:
5037:
5030:
5012:
5005:
4994:
4990:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4924:
4920:
4913:
4899:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4874:Pál, Hunfalvy.
4872:
4865:
4854:
4850:
4839:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4801:
4797:
4792:
4788:
4779:Földes, János.
4777:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4708:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4678:
4661:
4657:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4614:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4579:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4518:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4484:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4456:
4449:
4445:
4430:
4414:
4410:
4394:
4388:
4384:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4342:
4338:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4302:
4298:
4287:
4283:
4276:
4260:
4256:
4245:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4194:
4190:
4180:
4178:
4171:"Fran/Pravopis"
4169:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4077:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3960:
3956:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3895:
3893:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3856:
3847:
3834:
3830:
3807:
3799:
3792:
3784:
3773:
3766:
3750:
3743:
3730:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3670:
3659:
3655:
3650:
3596:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3542:
3531:
3522:
3519:
3510:
3509:, United States
3503:
3494:
3483:
3474:
3470:
3456:
3447:
3440:
3431:
3419:medieval Bosnia
3396:Slovak language
3364:
3186:Great Wallachia
3177:White Wallachia
3097:Ungro-Wallachia
3088:Ţara Românească
3057:
2884:
2838:Keresztényfalva
2781:The village of
2765:Decree of Turda
2713:Sas of Moldavia
2662:and takes over
2648:Bogdan of Cuhea
2517:Stefan Dečanski
2444:
2426:
2264:, arguing that
2088:Land of Severin
2061:Pope Gregory IX
2015:issued by King
1994:Eparchy of Žiča
1947:, attacked the
1908:Dennis Deletant
1831:, and also the
1819:, at that time
1790:Blakie la Grant
1703:
1659:Stefan Nemanjić
1635:
1518:also come from
1384:Frankish Empire
1327:
1300:
1243:Emperor Alexios
1226:Dacia Aureliana
1141:North Macedonia
1063:Omeljan Pritsak
1015:
907:
859:
845:
783:
740:Eastern Romance
728:Western Balkans
549:
547:Historical uses
513:Balachi, Walati
387:
245:
239:
231:Istro-Romanians
223:Moravian Vlachs
219:western Balkans
211:Timok Romanians
195:North Macedonia
117:
113:
91:
85:
84:
61:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8092:
8082:
8081:
8076:
8062:
8061:
8056:
8048:
8042:
8036:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7987:
7986:External links
7984:
7983:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7965:
7948:
7941:
7934:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7907:
7884:
7878:
7865:
7856:
7853:
7847:
7832:
7818:
7795:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7773:
7763:on 30 May 2014
7721:
7714:
7711:
7701:
7698:
7688:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7677:
7666:
7651:
7638:
7629:
7620:
7600:
7587:
7561:
7552:
7545:
7527:
7512:
7493:
7486:
7464:
7438:
7420:
7402:
7395:
7373:
7347:
7338:
7319:
7298:
7280:
7267:
7244:
7217:
7190:
7160:
7133:
7107:
7090:
7063:
7048:
7033:
7020:
7000:
6971:
6951:
6944:István, Nagy.
6936:
6910:
6892:
6878:Acta Historica
6863:
6856:
6834:
6821:
6802:
6795:
6770:
6744:
6717:
6697:
6671:
6664:Tamás, Lajos.
6656:
6640:
6631:
6604:
6584:
6560:
6541:
6535:
6515:
6511:Miskolczy 2021
6498:
6481:
6474:
6456:
6430:
6404:
6378:
6352:
6326:
6300:
6278:
6252:
6233:
6218:
6200:
6174:
6165:
6153:
6146:
6124:
6115:, p. 189.
6105:
6096:, p. 354.
6086:
6068:
6047:
6035:
6026:
6009:
6002:
5980:
5973:
5952:
5945:
5923:
5914:
5902:
5890:
5878:
5872:
5850:
5833:
5813:
5771:
5751:
5742:
5730:
5719:(3–4): 36–61.
5703:
5696:
5672:
5654:
5632:
5621:
5603:
5582:
5564:
5546:
5523:
5511:
5499:
5484:
5475:
5458:
5449:
5430:
5426:Miskolczy 2021
5418:
5404:
5377:
5362:
5347:
5319:
5312:
5290:
5267:
5258:
5246:
5231:
5216:
5203:
5199:Miskolczy 2021
5186:
5167:
5158:
5128:
5124:Miskolczy 2021
5111:
5077:
5065:
5050:
5035:
5028:
5003:
4988:
4973:
4964:
4955:
4951:Miskolczy 2021
4943:
4936:
4918:
4911:
4890:
4881:
4863:
4848:
4833:
4824:
4817:
4795:
4786:
4762:
4753:
4744:
4735:
4706:
4691:
4676:
4655:
4619:
4612:
4589:
4543:
4509:
4497:
4478:
4466:
4443:
4428:
4408:
4405:(10): 717–730.
4382:
4363:
4336:
4321:
4314:
4296:
4281:
4274:
4254:
4239:
4213:
4206:
4188:
4177:(in Slovenian)
4162:
4151:(in Slovenian)
4136:
4110:
4085:
4074:(in Hungarian)
4059:
4048:(in Hungarian)
4033:
4022:on 21 May 2022
4007:
3981:
3974:
3954:
3932:
3925:
3906:
3877:
3870:
3845:
3828:
3790:
3788:, p. 203.
3771:
3764:
3741:
3715:
3704:. dexonline.ro
3689:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3557:, Greece, 1915
3552:
3545:
3543:
3532:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3513:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3495:
3484:
3477:
3475:
3464:Auguste Raffet
3457:
3450:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3423:burial culture
3407:Bogumil Hrabak
3368:Ottoman Empire
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:Czech Republic
3336:
3323:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3291:
3278:
3272:
3263:
3249:
3237:) in southern
3231:
3218:
3196:
3183:
3170:
3169:
3151:
3132:
3129:Rousso-Vlachia
3107:– between the
3100:
3077:– between the
3056:
3053:
2935:In 1433 Vlach
2883:
2880:
2858:Aranyosmedgyes
2809:Ioan-Aurel Pop
2758:ban of Croatia
2715:, defeated by
2684:market-places.
2452:Stefan Milutin
2425:
2422:
2334:Also in 1285,
2317:Constantinople
2246:Ulahis advenis
2224:, the Vlachs (
2206:In the 1280s,
2180:In 1272, King
2135:In 1252 King
2065:Hungarian king
2040:Czech Republic
2004:abbey at Cârța
1988:In 1220, king
1941:Count of Sibiu
1861:Ioan-Aurel Pop
1849:historiography
1721:and the title
1702:
1699:
1452:Emperor Manuel
1401:, in her book
1299:
1296:
1159:of Antiquity.
1027:Vlachorynhinii
1014:
1011:
917:John Skylitzes
906:
903:
844:
841:
833:Czech Republic
755:in Serbia and
749:Ottoman Empire
711:" or "Latin".
567:in Hungarian,
548:
545:
525:Song of Roland
433:or in Hungary
238:
235:
146:used from the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8091:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8060:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8052:Old Wallachia
8049:
8046:
8043:
8040:
8037:
8034:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7996:(in Romanian)
7993:
7990:
7989:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7952:
7949:
7946:
7942:
7939:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7904:
7896:
7892:
7891:
7885:
7881:
7879:963-9465-12-7
7875:
7871:
7866:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7844:
7840:
7839:
7833:
7831:
7830:960-7760-86-7
7827:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7793:. Frank Cass.
7792:
7791:
7785:
7782:
7779:
7776:
7759:
7752:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7729:
7728:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7705:
7702:
7699:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7661:
7655:
7648:
7642:
7633:
7624:
7617:
7613:
7612:
7604:
7597:
7591:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7556:
7548:
7542:
7538:
7531:
7523:
7516:
7508:
7504:
7497:
7489:
7483:
7479:
7475:
7468:
7453:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7430:
7424:
7417:
7412:
7406:
7398:
7396:973-653-191-0
7392:
7388:
7384:
7377:
7362:
7358:
7351:
7342:
7334:
7330:
7323:
7315:
7309:
7301:
7295:
7291:
7284:
7277:
7271:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7251:
7249:
7232:
7228:
7221:
7205:
7201:
7194:
7178:
7174:
7167:
7165:
7149:. p. 283
7148:
7144:
7137:
7122:
7118:
7111:
7104:
7100:
7094:
7078:
7074:
7067:
7059:
7052:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7024:
7016:
7009:
7007:
7005:
6989:
6985:
6978:
6976:
6964:
6963:
6955:
6947:
6940:
6932:
6925:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6915:
6906:
6899:
6897:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6874:
6867:
6859:
6857:0-88033-479-7
6853:
6849:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6825:
6817:
6813:
6806:
6798:
6796:973-653-191-0
6792:
6788:
6784:
6777:
6775:
6759:
6755:
6748:
6733:. p. 209
6732:
6728:
6721:
6713:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6686:. p. 300
6685:
6681:
6675:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6647:
6645:
6635:
6619:
6615:
6608:
6600:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6572:
6564:
6556:
6555:De Medio Aevo
6552:
6545:
6538:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6519:
6512:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6494:
6493:
6485:
6477:
6471:
6467:
6460:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6437:
6435:
6419:. p. 238
6418:
6414:
6408:
6393:. p. 231
6392:
6388:
6382:
6367:. p. 203
6366:
6362:
6356:
6341:. p. 197
6340:
6336:
6330:
6315:. p. 196
6314:
6310:
6304:
6296:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6267:. p. 191
6266:
6262:
6256:
6248:
6244:
6237:
6229:
6222:
6214:
6207:
6205:
6189:
6185:
6178:
6169:
6162:
6157:
6149:
6147:0-88033-479-7
6143:
6139:
6135:
6128:
6120:
6114:
6109:
6101:
6095:
6090:
6083:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6044:
6039:
6030:
6022:
6021:
6013:
6005:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5984:
5976:
5970:
5966:
5959:
5957:
5948:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5927:
5918:
5912:
5906:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5875:
5873:0-88033-479-7
5869:
5865:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5817:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5764:
5763:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5735:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5707:
5699:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5676:
5668:
5664:
5658:
5650:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5630:
5625:
5617:
5613:
5607:
5599:
5593:
5585:
5579:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5557:
5550:
5539:
5538:
5530:
5528:
5520:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5495:
5488:
5479:
5472:
5471:9789004175365
5468:
5462:
5453:
5445:
5441:
5434:
5428:, p. 96.
5427:
5422:
5414:
5408:
5392:
5388:
5381:
5373:
5366:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5323:
5315:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5294:
5288:
5287:963-9465-12-7
5284:
5280:
5274:
5272:
5262:
5255:
5250:
5243:
5238:
5236:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5207:
5201:, p. 98.
5200:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5182:
5178:
5171:
5162:
5154:
5146:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5125:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5107:
5103:
5102:Világtörténet
5095:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5072:
5070:
5061:
5054:
5046:
5039:
5031:
5029:973-653-191-0
5025:
5021:
5017:
5010:
5008:
4999:
4992:
4984:
4977:
4968:
4959:
4952:
4947:
4939:
4937:0-674-64465-4
4933:
4929:
4922:
4914:
4908:
4904:
4897:
4895:
4885:
4877:
4870:
4868:
4859:
4852:
4844:
4837:
4828:
4820:
4818:973-653-191-0
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4790:
4782:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4757:
4748:
4739:
4731:
4725:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4659:
4652:
4648:
4645:in the Lower
4644:
4643:Thraco-Romans
4640:
4639:973-27-0500-0
4636:
4629:
4623:
4615:
4613:0-472-08149-7
4609:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4531:
4528:(in Slovak).
4527:
4523:
4516:
4514:
4506:
4501:
4493:
4487:
4482:
4475:
4470:
4462:
4454:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4332:
4325:
4317:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4285:
4277:
4275:90-04-11647-8
4271:
4267:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4243:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4021:
4017:
4011:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3937:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3843:January 2009.
3842:
3841:Language Log,
3838:
3835:Ringe, Don. "
3832:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3805:
3797:
3795:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3765:0-295-96033-7
3761:
3757:
3756:
3748:
3746:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3675:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3657:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3556:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3411:Marian Wenzel
3408:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3294:Vlașca County
3292:
3290:
3287:) in eastern
3286:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3275:Maior Vlachia
3273:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:Megáli vlahía
3187:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3164:in the west,
3163:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3052:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3002:Flavio Biondo
2998:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2646:Around 1355,
2644:
2642:
2641:Krassó County
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2561:August 1335.
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2521:Visoki Dečani
2518:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2385:Transylvanian
2382:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2283:Székelys runs
2279:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2208:Simon of Kéza
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2177:, are named.
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:In 1256 King
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:Joachim Türje
1942:
1939:, led by the
1938:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1899:capital city.
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1757:or among the
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1601:Szeben County
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:According to
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:Philippopolis
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:According to
1489:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1463:John Kinnamos
1460:
1459:John Kinnamos
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1241:that in 1091
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:Dacia Traiana
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1091:In 1025, the
1089:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:
964:
959:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
941:
936:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
912:
902:
900:
896:
895:Thraco-Romans
892:
888:
880:
875:
868:
863:
858:
854:
850:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
787:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
730:, during the
729:
721:
716:
712:
710:
706:
702:
701:Sima Ćirković
698:
694:
689:
687:
679:
675:
670:
664:
658:
654:. From Latin
652:
646:
636:
630:
620:
615:
610:
604:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:Woloch, Blôch
514:
510:
502:
497:
493:
491:
487:
484:
483:Láh, Láhinja,
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
382:
378:
373:
369:
359:
355:
351:
346:
340:
336:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
244:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
135:
109:
82:
75:
71:
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
8051:
7951:Franck Vogel
7944:
7931:The Watchmen
7930:
7894:
7889:
7869:
7837:
7821:
7809:
7805:
7802:
7798:
7789:
7765:. Retrieved
7758:the original
7749:
7735:. Retrieved
7726:
7717:
7707:
7694:
7691:George Murnu
7669:
7659:
7654:
7646:
7641:
7632:
7623:
7615:
7610:
7603:
7595:
7590:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7555:
7536:
7530:
7515:
7502:
7496:
7477:
7467:
7455:. Retrieved
7452:Academia.edu
7451:
7441:
7433:
7423:
7415:
7405:
7386:
7382:
7376:
7364:. Retrieved
7361:ResearchGate
7360:
7350:
7341:
7332:
7322:
7289:
7283:
7270:
7255:
7235:. Retrieved
7233:. p. 44
7231:Academia.edu
7230:
7220:
7208:. Retrieved
7204:ResearchGate
7203:
7193:
7181:. Retrieved
7177:Academia.edu
7176:
7151:. Retrieved
7147:Academia.edu
7146:
7136:
7124:. Retrieved
7120:
7110:
7102:
7098:
7093:
7081:. Retrieved
7079:. p. 36
7077:Academia.edu
7076:
7066:
7057:
7056:Engel, Pál.
7051:
7042:
7036:
7023:
7014:
6991:. Retrieved
6987:
6961:
6954:
6945:
6939:
6930:
6904:
6877:
6866:
6847:
6837:
6824:
6815:
6811:
6805:
6786:
6782:
6761:. Retrieved
6758:Academia.edu
6757:
6747:
6735:. Retrieved
6730:
6720:
6711:
6688:. Retrieved
6683:
6674:
6665:
6659:
6634:
6622:. Retrieved
6620:. p. 33
6618:Academia.edu
6617:
6607:
6598:
6579:
6575:
6570:
6563:
6554:
6544:
6525:
6518:
6491:
6484:
6465:
6459:
6450:
6446:
6421:. Retrieved
6416:
6407:
6395:. Retrieved
6390:
6381:
6369:. Retrieved
6364:
6355:
6343:. Retrieved
6338:
6329:
6317:. Retrieved
6312:
6303:
6294:
6269:. Retrieved
6264:
6255:
6246:
6242:
6236:
6230:. p. 7.
6227:
6221:
6212:
6191:. Retrieved
6188:Academia.edu
6187:
6177:
6168:
6156:
6137:
6127:
6108:
6089:
6063:
6059:
6050:
6038:
6029:
6019:
6012:
5993:
5983:
5964:
5936:
5926:
5917:
5910:
5905:
5898:
5893:
5886:
5881:
5863:
5853:
5845:
5841:
5836:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5816:
5791:
5787:
5774:
5761:
5754:
5745:
5716:
5706:
5682:
5675:
5666:
5657:
5648:
5624:
5615:
5606:
5576:. Budapest.
5573:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5549:
5536:
5514:
5502:
5493:
5487:
5478:
5461:
5452:
5443:
5433:
5421:
5407:
5395:. Retrieved
5393:. p. 64
5391:Academia.edu
5390:
5380:
5371:
5365:
5334:
5329:
5322:
5303:
5293:
5278:
5261:
5249:
5241:
5225:
5219:
5206:
5180:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5105:
5101:
5059:
5053:
5044:
5038:
5019:
5015:
4997:
4991:
4982:
4976:
4967:
4958:
4946:
4927:
4921:
4902:
4884:
4875:
4857:
4851:
4842:
4836:
4827:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4789:
4780:
4756:
4747:
4738:
4718:. Stuttgart.
4715:
4709:
4703:. p. 8.
4700:
4694:
4687:
4670:
4665:
4658:
4627:
4622:
4602:
4592:
4580:. Retrieved
4560:
4556:
4546:
4534:. Retrieved
4525:
4500:
4481:
4469:
4460:
4446:
4418:
4411:
4402:
4398:
4385:
4376:
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4350:Academia.edu
4349:
4339:
4330:
4324:
4305:
4299:
4289:
4284:
4264:
4257:
4248:
4242:
4230:. Retrieved
4227:ResearchGate
4226:
4216:
4197:
4191:
4179:. Retrieved
4174:
4165:
4153:. Retrieved
4148:
4139:
4127:. Retrieved
4122:
4113:
4101:. Retrieved
4097:
4088:
4076:. Retrieved
4071:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4045:
4036:
4024:. Retrieved
4020:the original
4010:
3998:. Retrieved
3993:
3984:
3964:
3957:
3948:
3944:
3915:
3909:
3901:
3894:. Retrieved
3890:
3880:
3860:
3840:
3831:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3803:
3754:
3735:
3706:. Retrieved
3701:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3585:
3573:ethnogenesis
3568:
3566:
3507:Ellis Island
3404:
3399:
3384:Dinaric Alps
3372:transhumance
3365:
3328:, including
3325:
3319:
3297:
3284:
3274:
3265:
3234:
3200:Mikrí vlahía
3199:
3189:
3171:
3153:
3144:
3134:
3128:
3125:Moldovlachia
3124:
3121:Maurovlachia
3120:
3116:
3102:
3086:
3072:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3036:
3023:
3018:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2977:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2945:
2934:
2911:
2896:
2882:15th century
2873:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2845:
2842:
2823:
2816:
2806:
2791:
2780:
2769:
2762:
2747:
2738:
2727:
2706:
2695:
2688:
2674:
2671:Transylvania
2668:
2645:
2638:
2630:Transylvania
2623:
2618:
2616:
2597:
2593:Stefan Dušan
2590:
2582:Stefan Dušan
2580:
2578:of Vlachia.
2572:Stefan Dušan
2570:
2563:
2559:
2555:Transylvania
2553:, including
2546:
2540:
2528:Cetina River
2525:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2477:Mladen Šubić
2474:
2467:
2460:
2450:
2424:14th century
2410:
2403:
2400:
2389:
2378:
2356:
2333:
2306:
2290:Transylvania
2287:
2278:Transylvania
2265:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2225:
2211:
2205:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2167:the defeated
2156:
2141:
2134:
2123:
2107:
2095:
2081:
2059:
2048:
2029:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1998:
1987:
1969:
1930:
1911:
1903:
1900:
1886:
1876:
1869:Florin Curta
1857:Transylvania
1840:
1836:
1828:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1744:
1733:
1704:
1701:13th century
1684:
1680:Thessaloniki
1673:
1671:
1656:
1626:
1624:
1605:
1586:
1575:
1560:
1528:Vardar river
1513:
1490:
1479:
1456:
1441:
1432:
1422:
1411:
1399:Anna Komnene
1396:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1318:
1316:
1298:12th century
1281:
1270:
1262:
1255:
1235:Anna Komnene
1233:
1230:
1218:
1192:, where the
1175:
1161:
1134:
1120:
1101:
1090:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1026:
1016:
1013:11th century
1002:
997:
981:Hellas theme
966:
960:
953:
948:
944:
938:
935:Ibn al-Nadīm
933:
915:
908:
905:10th century
884:
879:transhumance
867:Jireček Line
824:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
799:
785:
776:
772:
725:
696:
692:
690:
685:
677:
588:
584:
583:in Italian,
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
550:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
516:
512:
508:
506:
489:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
450:
446:
438:
434:
430:
406:
402:
394:
389:
380:
357:
353:
302:
295:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
246:
197:and eastern
172:
139:
80:
79:
69:
51:
7206:. p. 4
6161:Kristó 2003
6113:Makkai 1994
5667:Arcanum.com
5372:The Alexiad
4505:Tanner 2004
3996:(in Polish)
3812:Crni Latini
3786:Tanner 2004
3471: 1837
3398:, the term
3109:Carpathians
3020:Jan Długosz
2948:Švitrigaila
2865:Belz region
2802:the country
2739:(Maramureș)
2588:monastery.
2566:Mező-Telegd
2530:fought for
2445: 1450
2300:during the
2165:that about
2161:reports to
2086:gives the "
1985:monastery.
1873:Ceaușescu's
1865:Royal House
1745:After 1207
1552:Mosynopolis
1414:Mount Athos
1338:, then the
1328: 1113
1277:Peloponnese
1177:Strategikon
1023:Mount Athos
968:Strategikon
956:Mount Athos
775:evolved to
612:, meaning '
587:in French,
579:in German,
561:Wallachians
421:-speakers (
189:, northern
148:Middle Ages
62: [
8068:Categories
8041:(in Greek)
7767:26 January
7737:26 January
7682:References
7264:0631204717
6988:Core.ac.uk
6731:Core.ac.uk
6557:: 219–220.
6094:Curta 2006
6003:0880332298
5583:9639289604
5313:0880332298
5155:: 310–312.
4563:: 99–124.
4438:1004716379
4315:0814755615
3896:13 January
3349:), in the
3283:mountain (
3266:Stari Vlah
3235:Áno Vlahía
3156:(or Terra
3014:Ružomberok
2991:Sarmatians
2626:Wallachian
2600:Kurjaković
2413:Alba Iulia
2396:Alba Iulia
2366:Radu Negru
2344:Asia-Minor
2175:Walachorum
2106:), except
2027:settlers.
2019:in 1224, "
2001:Cistercian
1975:Prokletije
1953:Bulgarians
1825:Bulgarians
1806:Hungarians
1776:(Borilă).
1642:conquered
1636: 600
1612:Saint Ryli
1418:Chalkidiki
1372:Baltic Sea
1358:drove the
1356:Hungarians
1323:, written
1168:Kekaumenos
1149:Kekaumenos
1145:Kekaumenos
1122:Kekaumenos
1043:The names
963:Kekaumenos
847:See also:
819:In modern
765:Shtokavian
674:Macedonian
473:), Czech (
253:Wallachian
203:Aromanians
158:living in
152:Modern Era
150:until the
140:Wallachian
86:English:
7917:2677-0261
7814:full text
7507:București
7308:cite book
7256:The Serbs
7210:31 August
7183:21 August
7153:21 August
7126:10 August
7101:. (eds.)
7083:21 August
6946:Anjou-kor
6887:0324-6965
6690:18 August
6624:21 August
6453:. Poznań.
6423:18 August
6397:18 August
6371:18 August
6345:18 August
6319:18 August
6271:18 August
5808:141192138
5725:0204-8906
5592:cite book
5397:21 August
5357:1215-4024
4724:cite book
4600:(1991) .
4577:249359362
3631:Vlach law
3253:Macedonia
3239:Macedonia
3221:Morlachia
3208:Acarnania
3074:Wallachia
3032:Ruthenian
3000:In 1453,
2952:Kremenets
2941:voievodes
2914:Podvisoki
2770:In 1370,
2736:Máramaros
2660:Maramureș
2650:, former
2547:Căprioara
2519:gifts to
2483:in 1322.
2404:In 1293,
2374:Câmpulung
2370:Wallachia
2329:Maramures
2304:in 1285.
2182:Ladislaus
2152:Esztergom
2130:Máramaros
2108:kenezatus
2096:kenezatus
2090:" to the
2082:In 1247,
2073:Wallachia
2044:Vlach law
1937:Pechenegs
1813:conquered
1772:ruled by
1716:Patriarch
1685:Numerous
1652:Morvlachs
1648:Macedonia
1595:, sacked
1423:Traveler
1388:North Sea
1374:and near
1310:humanist
1288:Braničevo
1282:In 1099,
1251:Pechenegs
1206:Macedonia
1202:Decebalus
1164:Byzantine
1116:Macedonia
1110:from the
1104:Byzantine
1055:Black Sea
1051:Blökumenn
1038:Strumitsa
985:Nikulitsa
973:Nikulitsa
829:shepherds
812:, plural
808:(Serbian
399:Hungarian
247:The word
237:Etymology
175:Romanians
8029:Archived
7958:Archived
7824:, 2003,
7457:8 August
7366:8 August
7237:8 August
6993:8 August
6763:4 August
6737:8 August
6193:8 August
5413:"Tudela"
4582:9 August
4530:Archived
4522:"Valasi"
4356:14 March
4232:9 August
3814:), 260 (
3606:Morlachs
3594:See also
3489:couple (
3281:Romanija
3229:Dalmatia
3194:Thessaly
3166:Volhynia
3158:Brodnici
3113:Dniester
3111:and the
3104:Moldavia
3081:and the
3055:Toponymy
3010:Matthias
2980:humanist
2978:Italian
2907:Morlahcs
2903:Morlachs
2787:Ruthenia
2776:Catholic
2728:(Sătmar)
2707:In 1365
2664:Moldavia
2586:Bistrica
2534:against
2515:In 1330
2463:Pristina
2438:Dalmatia
2434:Thessaly
2418:Theodore
2390:In 1291
2379:In 1290
2352:Thessaly
2294:Székelys
2230:Székelys
2222:Pannonia
2201:Arbanasi
2169:of King
2148:Benedict
2049:In 1230
2036:Slovakia
1961:fortress
1926:Anonymus
1782:Burile's
1770:Blasquie
1693:and the
1509:Moesians
1437:Thessaly
1245:ordered
1188:and the
1166:author,
1137:Thessaly
1126:Thessaly
1075:Blökumen
1071:Blakumen
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977:Basil II
925:Kastoria
911:Thessaly
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5521:page 14
5509:page 15
5214:page 15
4181:16 July
4155:16 July
4129:16 July
4103:16 July
4078:16 July
4052:16 July
4026:16 July
4000:16 July
3734:at the
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3698:"Valah"
3682:18 June
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3429:Gallery
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3257:Albania
3243:Albania
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3204:Aetolia
3162:Galicia
3115:river (
3043:Casimir
3022:in his
2969:Šibenik
2754:Zrmanja
2725:Szatmár
2604:Nelipić
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2321:Tartars
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2252:Blackis
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1153:Dacians
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3247:Epirus
3212:Dorida
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2973:Croats
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2242:Ulahis
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2032:Poland
1957:Cumans
1933:Saxons
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1853:Cumans
1845:Bulaqs
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1774:Burile
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1608:Cumans
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