44:
505:), who did not want to cooperate with the Varpininkai. To bridge the gap between the LSDP and the Varpininkai he founded the social-patriotic organization Draugas in 1904, although he still technically remained a member of the LSDP. After prolonged negotiations, in 1905 Draugas merged with the LSDP and Mickevičius was elected a member of the Central Committee of the LSDP. He at that time belonged to the federalist wing of the LSDP, which promoted the idea of an independent Lithuania in a federation with Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and Latvia (former territories of the
812:
1008:
949:
Kapsukas was literally the social democratic party's and
Lithuanian idea's martyr. Always breathless, hungry, without real shelter he travelled across Lithuania spreading national awareness and enlightenment. Of course, social democratic voices mattered most to him, but he also passionately loved his
802:
and farm laborers. Lithuanian farmers mostly supported the
Council of Lithuania, who promised land to those who cultivate it. In an agrarian country, as Lithuania was at that time, farmers' support was essential. Understanding his limited support base, Mickevičius resisted Lenin's demands to recruit
745:
and 15 LSDP members (social democrats). On
December 8, the Vilnius Soviet formed the Provisional Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Government of Lithuania. Mickevičius was elected the new government's chairman (Prime Minister) and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. On December 16, the Mickevičius
933:
During the 1905 revolution, Mickevičius dedicated all his energy to fighting for free
Lithuania. He already saw the freedom of Lithuania through the glasses of social justice. To him social justice, human dignity and individual freedom were more important than national independence. According to
539:
and northern
Lithuania. Mickevičius was briefly detained by authorities but, with no evidence against him, he managed to talk his way out. In December 1905, he was arrested under the name of J. Jaks-Tyris and convicted of revolutionary activities, but managed to escape from a prison hospital in
1030:(now Jelgava, Latvia). They divorced in 1913 after the death of their daughter Vanda in 1913. He married Elena Domicėlė Tautkaitė (1893–1937) in 1922 in Moscow, Russia. They had three children: Jūra Mickevičiūtė (1921–2008), Vincas Mickevičius (1925–2014), and Lena Mickevičiūtė (1927–2001).
1390:
Kapsukas buvo stačiai socialdemokratų partijos ir lietuvių idėjos kankinys. Visuomet uždusęs, alkanas, be tikros pastogės slankiojo jis po Lietuvą nešiodamas tautinį supratimą ir šviesą. Be abejo socialdemokratų balsai jam rupejo labiausiai, bet ir savo Lietuvą jis mylėjo
1419:
635:, Scotland. In 1916, he left Great Britain for the United States where he lived until 1917. He joined the American Lithuanian Socialist Union (ALSU) and took over management of all major left press. He edited left wing science and literature monthly magazine
496:
By 1903, Mickevičius felt that the LDP did not go far enough in its political goals. The LDP sought autonomy within Russia as opposed to full independence. They also did not adequately address social issues. In 1903 he left the LDP and joined the
1041:
Between 1937 and 1953, Mickevičius was on Stalin's "gray list," not officially an "enemy of state," but not to be mentioned in public. After Stalin's death in 1953, the communist government of
Lithuania, especially the first secretary of the
455:. A secret police search at his home produced a large amount of illegal Lithuanian literature. Mickevičius was indicted in a political case for anti-tsarist activities. To avoid arrest, he escaped via East Prussia to Switzerland.
587:
In
December 1913, Mickevičius escaped from the exile with fake documents. For several weeks in early 1914 he was in hiding in Latvia and Lithuania (count Nikolai Zubov offered him a hiding place in his Medemrodė estate, now in
692:
831:. Working on the executive committee of the Comintern from 1923 to 1935, he became a candidate member of the executive committee of the Comintern in 1924 and a member in 1928. Kapsukas was a delegate to the
1054:
of
Mickevičius. Gradually, the commemoration of Mickevičius' legacy grew to the point of idolization. Streets, squares, museums and ships were named after him, and several monuments were erected.
409:, but was expelled after a year for his illegal political activities. He was a member of the secret Lithuanian Clerical Society and participated in the dissemination of illegal Lithuanian press.
680:
1038:
Vincas
Mickevičius-Kapsukas was the author of more than 50 works on politics, history, philosophy, and literature and around 2000 articles. He also wrote memoirs, essays, and short stories.
1444:
1439:
998:
The same could be noticed through his entire communist activities in
Vilnius: he cared about Lithuania not in a communist way. Everybody felt that, even his fellow Bolsheviks.
1454:
935:
791:
was liberating previously Communist-occupied parts of Lithuania, so that by August 1919, almost all of Lithuania and Belarus was freed from the Soviets. In July 1920, the
696:
718:, there were German, Polish, and Soviet forces. Expecting an occupation by the Soviet Red Army, pro-Communist groups such as the Lithuanian Social Democrats, Bolsheviks,
372:
which outlawed materials printed in the Lithuanian language. Vincas's father Simonas and elder brother Juozas were Lithuanian patriots. His uncle Antanas Mickevičius was
844:
840:
596:
to act abroad on behalf of the LSDP. With the help of local activists, Mickevičius crossed the border to Prussia and traveled to Austria with fake documents. In 1914 in
552:) back in 1893. In 1909, after authorities discovered that Mickevičius was the same person who escaped from prison in 1906, he was sentenced to an additional 8 years of
836:
832:
1424:
912:
were responsible for the nationalist character of this movement, while their peasant roots shaped the social program. Many social ideas were carried over from the
852:
783:(Litbel) was formed. Mickevičius served as the chairman and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Litbel government. Poland pushed back against the Red Army in the
803:
more Lithuanians to the Red Army and reported to Lenin that such an effort would be counter-productive and would reduce Lithuanian support for his government.
576:
decreed the amnesty for certain non-violent prisoners. Mickevičius, as a political prisoner of non-violent nature, was released from prison and exiled to the
780:
65:
747:
320:
544:
in 1906. He was arrested again in May 1907 and sentenced to 3 years for anti-tsarist activities. Among his defenders in the Suwałki court were attorneys
652:
316:
108:
509:). Russia was not part of their designs. The federalists fought with the autonomist wing of the LSDP, who promoted Lithuanian autonomy within Russia.
1434:
670:
1237:
Ta pat galėjai pasergėti per visą jo komunistišką veikimą Vilniuje: jam Lietuva ne komunistiškai rūpėjo. Tai visi jautė, net jo sėbrai bolševikai.
426:
newspaper, aimed at raising Lithuanian consciousness, promoting education, Lithuanian language and culture. Mickevičius was contributing to
1429:
757:
589:
982:
who also influenced his views. By 1918 he considered himself a Marxist. However, until his last days Mickevičius venerated his mentor
620:
editorial staff. He stayed in Kraków until the beginning of the World War I and then emigrated through Switzerland to Great Britain.
385:
Around 1888–1892 he was tutored at home and attended a Lithuanian school run by his uncle. From 1892 to 1897, Mickevičius studied at
881:
Kapsukas died on 17 February 1935 in a hospital in Moscow. The official report listed the cause of death as the complications from
776:
479:. During his stay in Tilsit, Mickevičius gained access to the Printing House archives and published historic materials from the
613:
548:, who, after the 1917 February revolution, was the head of Russian government, and M. F. Volkenstein, who employed V. Ulyanov (
451:. In 1901 he was expelled for storing illegal Lithuanian press and belonging to yet another Lithuanian book smuggling society,
376:, a founder of and a teacher at underground Lithuanian schools. Vincas Mickevičius was early exposed to old illegal issues of
1015:
His father, Simonas (Simas) Mickevičius (1830–1915), was a wealthy farmer. From his first marriage to Barbora Kriaučiūnaitė (
765:
700:
349:
1449:
824:
238:
405:, smuggled them and disseminated in Lithuania. After graduating from the Gymnasium in 1897, Mickevičius enrolled at the
1459:
792:
738:
623:
From 1914 to 1916, he lived in Great Britain. Mickevičius headed the LSDP chapter in Scotland. In 1915–1916, he edited
506:
501:(LSDP). Mickevičius was not willing to sever his ties with the Varpininkai, however, and clashed with LSDP leadership (
498:
304:
231:
715:
908:. The leaders of this movement came mostly from emancipated peasants. Their Lithuanian origin and relatively weak
772:
the same day. The Red Army entered Vilnius on 5 January and the Mickevičius government reestablished its control.
848:
17:
691:, Mickevičius served as the Commissar of the Soviet government for Lithuanian affairs and was a member of the
940:
753:
German occupying forces were still stationed in Vilnius but started leaving in late December 1918, while the
746:
government issued a manifesto, in which they dismissed German occupational administration and proclaimed the
723:
278:
901:
734:
966:
and other Marxists and his views drifted profoundly toward Marxism. Later in exile and emigration, he met
436:. Mickevičius chose his pen name Kapsukas, a diminutive version of Vincas Kapsas, one of the pen names of
905:
490:
390:
300:
1043:
719:
312:
1228:
991:
656:
1420:
Candidates of the Central Committee of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
386:
1051:
858:
From 1921 until 1935, Mickevičius was on the editorial board of Lithuanian communist periodicals
761:
684:
328:
1464:
1202:
43:
1302:
916:
of 1863. Therefore, many future social democrats belonged to the Lithuanian National Revival.
420:. Since 1888, he was active Varpininkas – a member of the patriotic organization, named after
784:
601:
593:
502:
406:
1414:
1409:
711:
557:
369:
213:
987:
417:
8:
1324:
921:
662:
1047:
1071:
688:
545:
532:
464:
289:
285:
258:
463:
From 1901 to 1903, Mickevičius studied philosophy, sociology and political economy at
1207:
706:
In late 1918, Mickevičius returned to Lithuania (then still occupied by Germany; see
673:(RSDLP(b)). He became the editor of Lithuanian socialist (later communist) newspaper
448:
1023:
1850–1934), his second wife, Simonas had two sons: Juozapas (1872–1950) and Vincas.
994:, Bolsheviks knew that for him Lithuania mattered more than narrow party directives:
1019:
1840–1870), Simonas had a daughter, Konstancija Mickevičiūtė. With Ona Kuršėnaitė (
975:
963:
913:
811:
365:
897:
Mickevičius is a case study of gradual drift from social-patriotic nationalist to
741:
electing 96 communists and their non-affiliated sympathizers, 60 Bund members, 22
788:
569:
565:
357:
175:
983:
971:
967:
917:
889:" and their three children were adopted and taken home by their maternal aunt.
605:
437:
394:
361:
323:(Litbel) in 1918–1919. After the fall of these republics, Mickevičius left for
179:
1064:
345:
171:
1403:
904:. His early views were greatly influenced by his patriotic family and by the
795:
was concluded, and the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic ceased to exist.
665:, Mickevičius was no longer a fugitive. He arrived from the United States to
324:
293:
1186:. Vol. XVIII. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapocius. pp. 354–356.
1332:. Washington: The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research.
979:
909:
882:
535:, Mickevičius organized anti-tsarist peasant demonstrations and strikes in
512:
Around the same time (1904–1906), Mickevičius founded and edited magazines
402:
203:
199:
467:
in Switzerland. Around the same time (1902–1903) he became a co-editor of
432:
327:, where he continued to lead the Lithuanian communists and worked for the
311:, and then to communism, he became one of the founders and leaders of the
1206:. Vol. III. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 38–40.
926:
799:
573:
1011:
Postage stamp of the USSR with a portrait of Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas
886:
819:
From late 1921 until the end of his life in 1935, Mickevičius lived in
742:
253:
242:
541:
303:, he wrote for and edited many Lithuanian publications and joined the
1007:
828:
666:
632:
609:
592:
village). There he prepared for his emigration and was authorized by
536:
353:
308:
282:
597:
1200:
Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Kapsukas-Mickevičius, Vincas".
1027:
1026:
Vincas Mickevičius married Vanda Didžiulytė (1881–1941) in 1901 in
754:
707:
798:
The support for Mickevičius' government mostly came from the city
768:) took control over Vilnius. The Council of Lithuania withdrew to
1211:
959:
898:
727:
581:
577:
568:
until 1913. In 1913, to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the
553:
1182:
Jonas Puzinas, ed. (1953–1966). "Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Vincas".
885:. His wife, Elena Domicėlė Tautkaitė, was executed in 1937 for "
737:
took place in Vilnius. In December, elections were held for the
954:
During his prison years (1907–1914), Mickevičius read works of
820:
769:
561:
481:
476:
422:
378:
195:
281:
23 March] 1880 – 17 February 1935), was a Lithuanian
1364:
1350:
A. M. Prokhorov, ed. (1979). "Mickevicius-Kapsukas, Vincas".
675:
549:
847:
RCP(b) Congresses. He was elected a candidate member of the
1288:
Pirmoji Lietuvos Proletarinė Revoliucija ir Sovietu Valdzia
1285:
1263:
955:
401:, a group that printed Lithuanian books and periodicals in
1367:
The Years of the First Republic, 1918–1940 (Paperback ed.)
1141:
Pirmoji Lietuvos proletarinė revoliucija ir Tarybų valdžia
1057:
107:
1st Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the
64:
1st Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the
1087:
Lietuvos buržuazijos stiprėjimas ir jos reikalų reiškėjai
1445:
Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic people
1380:
Rudokas, Jonas (2005). "Pirmasis Lietuvos komunistas".
1227:
520:. From 1906 to 1907 he also contributed to and edited
1440:
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–19) people
1199:
924:
and was arrested when he was helping re-print Marx's
781:
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
393:
when his brother Juozas introduced him to the secret
1076:
1964–1989: Award of the Lithuanian Journalists Union
493:(LDP). Mickevičius became one of its first members.
1455:
People granted political asylum in the Soviet Union
930:, and Mickevičius called himself a social-patriot.
458:
1181:
892:
764:. On 2 January 1919, the Polish Committee forces (
710:). Lithuania was contested by many as besides the
389:. In 1895, he became an active participant in the
1326:From "Russian" to "Polish": Vilna-Wilno 1900–1925
760:trying to seize as many of the lands lost by the
671:Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolshevik)
485:days and materials pertaining to the founding of
1401:
489:. In 1902, the Varpininkai Congress founded the
321:Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1349:
733:In early October, the founding congress of the
683:in Petrograd and supported the creation of the
1123:Keturių teismo komedija ir paskutinės valandos
653:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–19)
1425:People from Vilkaviškis District Municipality
352:, to a family of wealthy Lithuanian farmers.
368:of 1863, the tsarist government imposed the
344:Mickevičius was born in 1880 in the town of
1322:
779:(created on January 1) were merged and the
775:On 27 February 1919 the Lithuanian SSR and
339:
121:8 December 1918 – 27 February 1919
1365:A. Eidintas; V. Žalys; A. E. Senn (1999).
646:
307:. As his views turned from nationalism to
42:
1303:"Pilietinis karas tarp Amerikos lietuviu"
1117:Pirmoji Gegužės nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje
693:Central Bureau of the Lithuanian Sections
679:. In August 1917, he participated in the
616:. In 1914 Mickevičius became a member of
412:Around 1898–1899, Mickevičius tutored at
1435:Communist Party of Lithuania politicians
1373:
1307:Draugas (The Lithuanian World-Wide Daily
1006:
810:
777:Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
78:27 February 1919 – 19 July 1919
1379:
1318:
1316:
1223:
1221:
1058:Named after Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas
726:and more, began actively organizing in
382:monthly magazine hidden at their home.
14:
1402:
1300:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
614:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1294:
1195:
1193:
766:Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus
447:In 1900, Mickevičius was admitted to
1313:
1286:Vincas Kapsukas-Mickevicius (1934).
1264:Vincas Mickevicius-Kapsukas (1929).
1218:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
945:, a witness of the 1905 revolution,
748:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
701:Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
317:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
1272:
1242:
739:Vilnius Soviet of Workers' Deputies
24:
1358:
1336:
1190:
499:Lithuanian Social Democratic Party
305:Lithuanian Social Democratic Party
232:Lithuanian Social Democratic Party
25:
1476:
1382:Opozicija (Lithuanian Periodical)
1268:. Philadelphia: "Laisvės" spauda.
1164:
1153:, vols. 1–10), Vilnius, 1960–1971
697:Central Committee of the RSDLP(b)
1002:
827:through Sixth Congresses of the
716:independence on 16 February 1918
459:Social democrat and imprisonment
1430:People from Suwałki Governorate
1369:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1235:. Kaunas: "Švyturio" bendrove.
1080:
893:Political views and personality
849:Central Committee of the RCP(b)
1099:Lietuvos Bresto taikos derybos
986:and retained deep respect for
793:Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty
639:in Philadelphia and newspaper
507:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
13:
1:
1157:
1111:1905 m. revoliucija Lietuvoje
1020:
1016:
806:
730:and other Lithuanian towns.
416:, a Lithuanian school run by
49:
1290:. Chicago: "Vilnies" spauda.
735:Communist Party of Lithuania
600:, then part of the Austrian
334:
7:
1052:started reviving the memory
906:Lithuanian National Revival
823:. He was a delegate to the
661:In 1917, after the Russian
491:Lithuanian Democratic Party
391:Lithuanian National Revival
315:and headed the short-lived
301:Lithuanian National Revival
299:As an active member of the
273:, known under his pen name
66:Lithuanian–Byelorussian SSR
36:Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas
10:
1481:
1450:Lithuanian revolutionaries
1044:Lithuanian Communist Party
787:, while newly-established
650:
313:Lithuanian Communist Party
1460:University of Bern alumni
1352:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1033:
724:Socialist Revolutionaries
556:. He did his time in the
264:
252:
227:
219:
209:
185:
158:
153:
149:
137:
125:
114:
106:
94:
82:
71:
63:
59:
41:
34:
1301:Januta, Donatas (2012).
681:6th congress of RSDLP(b)
340:Early life and education
1229:Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas
992:Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas
762:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
687:(Comintern). After the
685:Communist International
647:Communist revolutionary
329:Communist International
239:Russian Communist Party
1354:. New York: MacMillan.
1203:Encyclopedia Lituanica
1184:Lietuvių enciklopedija
1012:
1000:
952:
816:
1093:J. Biliūno biografija
1010:
996:
947:
936:Ona Pleirytė-Puidienė
887:Trotskyist activities
815:Kapsukas in the 1930s
814:
657:Lithuanian–Soviet War
602:Grand Duchy of Cracow
503:Augustinas Janulaitis
407:Sejny Priest Seminary
387:Marijampolė Gymnasium
27:Lithuanian politician
1323:T. R. Weeks (2005).
1105:Trumpa LSDP istorija
920:was a member of the
712:Council of Lithuania
608:, the leader of the
370:Lithuanian press ban
350:Vilkaviškis district
214:Novodevichy Cemetery
132:Position established
89:Position established
663:February Revolution
277:(7 April [
1072:Vilnius University
1013:
817:
689:October Revolution
546:Alexander Kerensky
533:Revolution of 1905
471:and the editor of
465:University of Bern
286:political activist
271:Vincas Mickevičius
259:University of Bern
144:Position abolished
101:Position abolished
1107:, 2 d., 1918–1920
988:Povilas Višinskis
922:Proletariat Party
785:Polish–Soviet War
758:attacked westward
449:Jelgava Gymnasium
418:Povilas Višinskis
268:
267:
248:
236:
16:(Redirected from
1472:
1394:
1393:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1355:
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1334:
1333:
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1270:
1269:
1261:
1240:
1239:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1048:Antanas Sniečkus
1022:
1018:
976:Nikolai Bukharin
944:
914:January Uprising
902:internationalist
714:that proclaimed
699:and then of the
625:Socialdemokratas
594:Mykolas Biržiška
566:Vladimir Prisons
366:January Uprising
364:. Following the
246:
234:
192:
189:17 February 1935
168:
166:
154:Personal details
140:
128:
119:
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85:
76:
54:
51:
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32:
31:
21:
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1359:
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1321:
1314:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1266:Caro kalėjimuos
1262:
1243:
1226:
1219:
1198:
1191:
1180:
1165:
1160:
1129:Caro kalėjimuos
1083:
1067:city and region
1060:
1036:
1005:
990:. According to
938:
895:
853:Eighth Congress
809:
789:Lithuanian Army
720:Jewish Bundists
669:and joined the
659:
651:Main articles:
649:
612:faction of the
570:Romanov Dynasty
461:
358:Congress Poland
342:
337:
237:
228:Political party
194:
190:
176:Congress Poland
170:
164:
162:
138:
126:
120:
115:
95:
83:
77:
72:
55:
52:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Vincas Kapsukas
15:
12:
11:
5:
1478:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
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1335:
1312:
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1082:
1079:
1078:
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1059:
1056:
1035:
1032:
1004:
1001:
984:Vincas Kudirka
972:Vladimir Lenin
968:Yakov Sverdlov
918:Vincas Kudirka
894:
891:
808:
805:
648:
645:
637:Naujoji Gadynė
606:Vladimir Lenin
522:Naujoji Gadynė
460:
457:
438:Vincas Kudirka
395:book smuggling
362:Russian Empire
360:, part of the
341:
338:
336:
333:
266:
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262:
261:
256:
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229:
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193:(aged 54)
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109:Lithuanian SSR
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39:
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9:
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1465:Tiesa editors
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1003:Personal life
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331:(Comintern).
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210:Resting place
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1143:, 1934; 1958
1140:
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1131:, 1929; 1975
1128:
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1104:
1098:
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1086:
1081:Bibliography
1040:
1037:
1025:
1014:
997:
980:Leon Trotsky
953:
948:
932:
925:
910:Polonization
896:
883:tuberculosis
880:
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403:East Prussia
398:
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356:was then in
343:
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204:Soviet Union
200:Russian SFSR
191:(1935-02-17)
169:7 April 1880
143:
139:Succeeded by
131:
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100:
96:Succeeded by
88:
73:
29:
1415:1935 deaths
1410:1880 births
1149:, t. 1–10 (
1119:, 1919–1920
1070:1956–1989:
1065:Marijampolė
1063:1955–1989:
950:Lithuania.
939: [
927:Das Kapital
845:Seventeenth
800:proletariat
574:Nicholas II
560:, Suwałki,
531:During the
518:Darbininkas
374:daraktorius
346:Vilkaviškis
247:(1917–1935)
235:(1903–1917)
220:Nationality
172:Vilkaviškis
127:Preceded by
84:Preceded by
53: 1918
1404:Categories
1309:(21 July).
1158:References
876:Komunistas
864:Kibirkstis
841:Fourteenth
807:Later life
743:Mensheviks
703:(RCP(b)).
695:under the
629:Rankpelnis
580:region in
254:Alma mater
243:Bolsheviks
223:Lithuanian
165:1880-04-07
1233:Rastai IV
1212:74-114275
964:Plekhanov
872:Komunaras
829:Comintern
667:Petrograd
633:Bellshill
610:Bolshevik
604:, he met
537:Suvalkija
473:Ūkininkas
433:Ūkininkas
354:Suvalkija
335:Biography
309:socialism
290:publicist
283:communist
117:In office
74:In office
48:Kapsukas
1231:(1922).
1028:Mintauja
855:(1919).
843:through
833:Eleventh
755:Red Army
708:Ober Ost
590:Agluonai
399:Sietynas
397:society
275:Kapsukas
1391:karštai
1388:(666).
1135:Lietuva
960:Kautsky
934:writer
899:Marxist
851:at the
837:Twelfth
728:Vilnius
582:Siberia
578:Yenisei
572:, Tsar
558:Vilnius
554:katorga
542:Suwałki
526:Skardas
514:Draugas
453:Kūdikis
414:Sakalai
1210:
1147:Raštai
1137:, 1931
1125:, 1929
1113:, 1926
1101:, 1918
1095:, 1917
1089:, 1914
1034:Legacy
874:, and
868:Balsas
839:, and
825:Second
821:Moscow
770:Kaunas
618:Vilnis
598:Kraków
564:, and
562:Warsaw
487:Varpas
482:Auszra
477:Tilsit
469:Varpas
442:Varpas
428:Varpas
423:Varpas
379:Auszra
196:Moscow
1330:(PDF)
1151:Works
943:]
860:Tiesa
676:Tiesa
550:Lenin
1208:LCCN
978:and
956:Marx
655:and
641:Kova
627:and
524:and
516:and
430:and
319:and
292:and
279:O.S.
186:Died
159:Born
750:.
631:in
475:in
1406::
1386:14
1384:.
1338:^
1315:^
1305:.
1274:^
1244:^
1220:^
1192:^
1166:^
1050:,
1046:,
1021:c.
1017:c.
974:,
970:,
962:,
958:,
941:lt
878:.
870:,
866:,
862:,
835:,
722:,
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584:.
528:.
444:.
348:,
296:.
288:,
245:)
202:,
198:,
178:,
174:,
50:c.
1214:.
241:(
167:)
163:(
20:)
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