213:
229:
481:
440:
432:
108:
4311:
489:
North
Vietnamese government accused both France and Japan of the famine and said that 1–2 million Vietnamese had died. Võ An Ninh took photographs of dead and dying Vietnamese during the great famine. Starving Vietnamese died throughout northern Vietnam in 1945 from the Japanese seizure of their crops when the Chinese came to disarm the Japanese, and Vietnamese corpses were all throughout the streets of Hanoi and had to be cleaned up by students.
38:
488:
According to the Việt Minh, 1 to 2 million
Vietnamese starved to death in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam because of the Japanese since they seized Vietnamese rice and failed to pay. In Phat Diem, the Vietnamese farmer Di Ho was one of the few survivors who saw the Japanese steal grain. The
468:
successfully directed public resentment and encouraged the peasants to seize the rice granaries of the occupation powers. In response, the
Japanese imposed harsh punishment upon the transgressors and sometimes even mutilated them physically, which further inflamed popular anger. In the process, the
447:
By early 1945, many were forced to walk from town to town in search of food. The exact number of deaths caused by the 1944–1945 famine is unknown and is a matter of controversy. Various sources estimate between 400,000 and 2 million people starved in northern
Vietnam during this time. In May 1945,
203:
According to a 2018 study, typhoons which struck coastal areas resulted in a shortfall of available food and were the proximate cause of famine. The
Japanese in occupation of Vietnam, the American government directing attacks on the transport system, or the country's French colonial administration
285:
for every 10 kilograms, which they continued paying even as the market rates soared from 2.50 to 3 piastres in 1943 to 6 to 7 in June 1944. It ballooned tenfold to 60-70 piastres the following year. This meant farmers could no longer afford to repurchase rice needed for new harvests or to feed
399:
against roads, warehouse and transportation facilities, which made the transport of rice from the south to the north extremely difficult. In the meantime, the Vichy civilian administration was highly corrupt, dysfunctional and unable to distribute remaining food stocks to areas where needed.
268:
as fuel for power stations. According to the diplomat Bui Minh Dung, "the
Japanese occupation of Vietnam was the direct cause, in the final analysis, of several other factors, in turn affecting the famine, but their military efforts together with their economic policy for the
452:
asked the northern provinces to report their casualties. Twenty provinces reported that a total of 380,000 people starved to death and 20,000 more died because of disease. In
October, a report from a French military official estimated half-a-million deaths. Governor General
276:
The mismanagement of the French administration in
Vietnam was another cause. The French reformed the economy to serve the administration and to meet the needs of war, including the Japanese occupation. They imposed a compulsory system of government rice purchases with a
390:
The militaries of both France and Japan forcibly seized food from farmers to feed their troops. By 1941, there were 140,000 Japanese troops in French
Indochina in addition to the Vichy French forces. During the occupation, the
300:
The crop failures of 1943–1945 were compounded by lack of dike maintenance after the US bombing of the north and the catastrophic rainfall of August–September 1944, causing flooding and loss of rice plants.
423:
In northern
Vietnam, drought and pests caused the winter-to-spring harvest of 1944 to decrease by 20%. Then, a flood during the harvest season caused the crisis to occur, which led to famine in 1945.
861:
379:, instead of rice, thus depriving them of needed food, but France had already started the same policy to a smaller degree. The land set aside for growing staple crops such as maize and
474:
415:. While this new government increased efforts to alleviate the famine, the inadequate food supply and the hoarding of food by the Imperial Japanese Army made their efforts futile.
387:, jute and other industrial plants. Because of the decreased land available for growing, harvests of staple crops decreased considerably. Crops were also exported to Japan.
204:
could have acted to limit, or even reverse, the famine. However, under the pressure of war, no government or institution opted for an effective famine alleviation strategy.
2882:
2627:
2235:
4233:
2251:
212:
4364:
2571:
2174:
2146:
1290:
4212:
2891:
2578:
1712:
900:
3194:
2557:
1866:
1491:
640:
477:
on 2 September 1945, would refer to the famine and quote a figure of 2 million deaths. Modern Vietnamese historians estimate between 1 and 2 million deaths.
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in Vietnam caused detrimental effects to the economic activities of the Vietnamese. In 1944, after US bombing had cut off supplies of coal from the north to
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2153:
1339:
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1776:
1186:
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1997:
1873:
1850:
1230:
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1599:
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2106:
1408:
831:
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404:
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1281:
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2051:
1258:
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Vietnam: Corpses in a mass grave following the 1944–45 famine during the Japanese occupation. Up to 2 million Vietnamese died of starvation
544:
3748:
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2671:
2634:
1916:
732:
2720:
1452:
1035:
4226:
2854:
1244:
1202:
375:, with France and Japan competing in administration, often with Japan gaining the advantages. Japanese troops forced farmers to grow
17:
4075:
1894:
1668:
1431:
1297:
1108:
2970:
2767:
1804:
1304:
1216:
1152:
3173:
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1535:
1073:
751:
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1908:
1882:
1739:
1445:
1362:
233:
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When the war started, France was weakened. In East Asia, Japan began to expand and viewed French Indochina as a bridge into
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per se seem to have systematically played a role considerably greater than any other factors in the Vietnamese starvation."
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1927:
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2875:
2430:
1682:
1521:
1369:
1223:
780:
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3124:
3096:
2913:
2495:
2214:
2181:
998:
815:
356:
342:
314:
81:
1397:
63:
4404:
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3437:
3374:
2509:
2345:
1468:
518:
338:
2022:
3803:
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3228:
3187:
3080:
3018:
2405:
1675:
1544:
1512:
523:
2192:
1760:
55:
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4039:
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3069:
2520:
2446:
2242:
1613:
1332:
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967:
48:
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of French Indochina. The people in French Indochina had to increase the economic value of the area by growing
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962:. Vietnam war era classics series (illustrated, reprint ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 39, 40.
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2018:
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Severely malnourished village children. Impoverished villagers suffered the most from the famine.
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200:. Between 400,000 and 2 million people are estimated to have starved to death during this time.
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2011:
1981:
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MacLean, Ken (2016). "History Reformatted: Vietnam's Great Famine (1944–45) in Archival Form".
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1040:
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1829:
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752:"Vietnam in turmoil : the Japanese coup, the OSS, and the August revolution in 1945"
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in the 1930s, France returned to its policy of economic protectorate and monopolized the
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567:
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in place of lower-value agricultural produce, but only the French, a small minority of
901:"The Good, the Bad, and the Not Beautiful: In the Street and on the Ground in Vietnam"
29:
Famine in Vietnam during World War II that killed between 400,000 and 2,000,000 people
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In the ruins of empire : the Japanese surrender and the battle for postwar Asia
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Vietnamese villagers attacking a rice warehouse built by Japanese forces during the
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1606:
372:
253:
221:
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4310:
615:
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Viet Minh transformed itself from a guerilla organization into a mass movement.
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1719:
1578:
990:
Rice Wars in Colonial Vietnam: The Great Famine and the Viet Minh Road to Power
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367:. Germany's Axis partner Japan then increased pressure on France and
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66:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
161:– the 1945 famine, due to most of the deaths came in 1945) was a
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Charles Hirschman; Samuel Preston; Vu Manh Loi (December 1995).
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http://japanfocus.org/data/agricultural_hydrolics_indochina.png
545:"Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate"
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693:"Causes and consequences of the Great Vietnam Famine, 1944–5"
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from October 1944 to late 1945, which at the time was under
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and replaced it with the Japanese-backed government of the
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that about a million northerners had starved to death.
1713:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
862:"Japan's Role in the Vietnamese Starvation of 1944–45"
772:
A history of Southeast Asia : critical crossroads
660:"The Great Second World War Vietnam and Java Famines"
733:"Horrific photos recall Vietnamese Famine of 1945"
641:"The Great Vietnamese Famine of 1944–45 Revisited"
603:"The Great Vietnamese Famine of 1944-45 Revisited"
484:People are collecting bodies to prepare for burial
289:Natural causes included natural disasters such as
619:http://japanfocus.org/data/japanese_indochina.png
443:The bodies of the starving were lying in the open
304:
4346:
4365:Military history of Vietnam during World War II
625:http://japanfocus.org/data/faminevictims_1.jpeg
351:and a means to isolate and further weaken the
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616:http://www.japanfocus.org/-Geoffrey-Gunn/3483
810:(1st ed.). New York. pp. 104–105.
622:http://japanfocus.org/data/indochina_map.png
224:, and insect plague, the cause of the famine
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872:(3). Cambridge University Press: 573–618.
830:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
371:that September. Vietnam was pulled into a
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801:
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634:http://japanfocus.org/-Geoffrey-Gunn/3483
329:and some people in the cities benefited.
240:A cause of the famine was the effects of
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
628:http://japanfocus.org/data/famvic.2.jpeg
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383:was decreased to make land for growing
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2899:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
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775:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 323.
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271:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
3770:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3202:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
2848:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2804:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
1909:Rape during the occupation of Germany
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1047:Famine fed farmers' fight for freedom
2892:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
1924:Rape during the liberation of France
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1398:Weather events during World War II
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956:Bui, Diem; Chanoff, David (1999).
601:Gunn, Geoffrey (24 January 2011).
297:, which destroyed northern crops.
25:
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4360:History of Vietnam (1945–present)
3749:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1029:
845:Gunn, Geoffrey (17 August 2015).
552:Population and Development Review
315:exploitation of natural resources
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1081:
905:Local Culture/Global Photography
645:Mass Violence & Résistance,
639:Gunn, Geoffrey (15 April 2019).
339:French Indochina in World War II
36:
949:
931:
915:
892:
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405:ousted the Vichy administration
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260:, the French and Japanese used
216:Caricatures of the policies of
3996:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
1706:Territorial changes of Germany
1614:Indonesian National Revolution
1036:Vietnam famine's living legacy
943:Japanese Occupation of Vietnam
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725:
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305:French colonial administration
13:
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3396:Japanese invasion of Thailand
3347:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3111:German invasion of Luxembourg
1492:Mediterranean and Middle East
529:
343:1940–1946 in French Indochina
4395:French war crimes in Vietnam
3303:Invasion of the Soviet Union
2992:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
2310:Independent State of Croatia
993:. Rowman & Littlefield.
750:Wise, Edward Taylor (1991).
613:(5). No. 4. Article ID 3483.
403:In March 1945, the Japanese
143:Vietnamese famine of 1944–45
98:Vietnamese Famine of 1944–45
7:
4370:Health disasters in Vietnam
4287:End of World War II in Asia
4127:Western invasion of Germany
3634:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
3611:Second Battle of El Alamein
3181:Hundred Regiments Offensive
3153:Battle of the Mediterranean
3006:Italian invasion of Albania
1180:Air warfare of World War II
939:"Vietnamese Famine of 1945"
806:Spector, Ronald H. (2007).
697:The Economic History Review
524:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
492:
62:the claims made and adding
10:
4421:
4213:Naval bombardment of Japan
3581:First Battle of El Alamein
3500:Battle of Christmas Island
3445:Japanese invasion of Burma
3209:Italian invasion of Greece
3125:German invasion of Belgium
3097:German invasion of Denmark
3070:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
2939:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1203:Comparative military ranks
987:Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2014).
899:Hien, Nina (Spring 2013).
847:"The great Vietnam famine"
658:Huff, Gregg (March 2020).
336:
181:occupation from 1940 with
4302:
4134:Bratislava–Brno offensive
4074:
4065:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
3802:
3689:Allied invasion of Sicily
3643:
3549:Aleutian Islands campaign
3521:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
3468:
3459:Greek famine of 1941–1944
3354:Second Battle of Changsha
3259:German invasion of Greece
3227:
3104:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
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2793:
2519:
2429:
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1980:
1971:
1729:
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1446:North and Central Pacific
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1169:
1162:
1089:
878:10.1017/S0026749X00014001
756:UR Scholarship Repository
677:10.1017/S0026749X18000148
504:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
459:A la barre de l'Indochine
207:
131:
117:
105:
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18:Vietnamese famine of 1945
3726:Allied invasion of Italy
3703:Solomon Islands campaign
3452:Third Battle of Changsha
3049:First Battle of Changsha
2955:Second Sino-Japanese War
1895:German military brothels
1761:United States war crimes
647:(published 12 May 2011).
607:The Asia-Pacific Journal
369:entered French Indochina
4405:Vichy French war crimes
4385:20th century in Vietnam
4148:Second Guangxi campaign
4003:Philippines (1944–1945)
3507:Battle of the Coral Sea
3410:Fall of the Philippines
3056:Battle of South Guangxi
2962:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
2368:Italian Social Republic
1010:Southeast Asian Studies
860:Dũng, Bùi Minh (1995).
519:Vietnam in World War II
3733:Armistice of Cassibile
3535:Battle of Dutch Harbor
3486:Battle of the Java Sea
3389:Attack on Pearl Harbor
3289:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3282:Battle of South Shanxi
3252:Invasion of Yugoslavia
3035:Battle of the Atlantic
2649:Korean Liberation Army
2362:(until September 1943)
2319:(until September 1944)
2297:(until September 1944)
959:In the Jaws of History
769:Reid, Anthony (2015).
485:
444:
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353:Nationalist government
237:
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150:
112:Children in the famine
3897:Second Battle of Guam
3793:Bengal famine of 1943
3763:Second Battle of Kiev
3719:Battle of the Dnieper
3424:Battle of Wake Island
3296:East African campaign
3238:Battle of South Henan
2883:atrocities by Germans
2656:Korean Volunteer Army
1637:Occupation of Germany
1391:Music in World War II
1022:10.20495/seas.5.2_187
499:Bengal famine of 1943
483:
457:wrote in his memoirs
442:
434:
248:. The involvement of
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4390:20th-century famines
4183:Surrender of Germany
3661:Battle of West Hubei
3618:Guadalcanal campaign
3588:Battle of Stalingrad
3514:Battle of Madagascar
2288:Albania protectorate
2075:(formerly Swaziland)
1784:Wehrmacht war crimes
1600:Expulsion of Germans
1384:Art and World War II
1282:British contribution
1231:Governments in exile
1041:Images of the famine
866:Modern Asian Studies
691:Huff, Gregg (2018).
664:Modern Asian Studies
4400:Japanese war crimes
4273:Potsdam Declaration
4162:Italy (Spring 1945)
3925:Liberation of Paris
3382:Siege of Sevastopol
2400:(until August 1944)
2303:Wang Jingwei regime
2125:from September 1943
2085:from September 1944
2023:from September 1944
1883:Romanian war crimes
1874:Persecution of Jews
1860:Croatian war crimes
1830:Japanese war crimes
1644:Occupation of Japan
1593:First Indochina War
1305:Military production
1217:Declarations of war
637: •
361:Metropolitan France
234:Japanese occupation
4266:Surrender of Japan
4099:Battle of Iwo Jima
3948:Belgrade offensive
3361:Siege of Leningrad
3245:Battle of Shanggao
3174:British Somaliland
3139:Dunkirk evacuation
3090:Norwegian campaign
3028:Invasion of Poland
2855:Japanese prisoners
1823:Italian war crimes
1754:British war crimes
1669:Soviet occupations
1453:South-West Pacific
1340:Allied cooperation
1298:Military equipment
739:. 15 January 2015.
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47:possibly contains
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4141:Battle of Okinawa
4040:Burma (1944–1945)
3874:Mariana and Palau
3654:Tunisian campaign
3479:Fall of Singapore
3403:Fall of Hong Kong
3146:Battle of Britain
2999:Operation Himmler
2908:
2907:
2572:Dutch East Indies
2215:Southern Rhodesia
1967:
1966:
1867:Genocide of Serbs
1770:German war crimes
1747:Soviet war crimes
1740:Allied war crimes
1586:Division of Korea
1565:Chinese Civil War
1363:Strategic bombing
1275:Manhattan Project
710:10.1111/ehr.12741
419:Natural disasters
409:Empire of Vietnam
165:that occurred in
139:
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135:400,000—2,000,000
126:Empire of Vietnam
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3842:
3835:
3833:Korsun–Cherkassy
3828:
3817:
3795:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3675:Bombing of Gorky
3670:
3663:
3656:
3636:
3629:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3542:Battle of Midway
3537:
3530:
3528:Battle of Gazala
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3438:Battle of Borneo
3433:
3431:Malayan campaign
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3375:Bombing of Gorky
3370:
3368:Battle of Moscow
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3220:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3132:Battle of France
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2985:Munich Agreement
2980:
2973:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2941:
2934:
2919:
2918:
2901:
2894:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2870:Soviet prisoners
2864:
2857:
2850:
2841:
2834:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2810:German prisoners
2806:
2786:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2348:
2346:French Indochina
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2270:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2193:from August 1944
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2076:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1978:
1977:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1919:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1837:Nanjing Massacre
1832:
1825:
1816:
1814:Nuremberg trials
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1547:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1418:Asia and Pacific
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1347:Mulberry harbour
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1182:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1025:
1004:
974:
973:
953:
947:
946:
935:
929:
928:
919:
913:
912:
896:
890:
889:
857:
851:
850:
842:
836:
835:
829:
821:
803:
794:
793:
791:
789:
766:
760:
759:
747:
741:
740:
729:
723:
722:
712:
688:
682:
681:
679:
655:
649:
648:
614:
598:
583:
582:
581:on 20 June 2010.
580:
574:. Archived from
549:
540:
363:was occupied by
311:Great Depression
246:French Indochina
171:French Indochina
167:northern Vietnam
153:– famine of the
122:French Indochina
110:
99:
94:
93:
87:
80:
76:
73:
67:
64:inline citations
40:
39:
32:
21:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4380:1945 in Vietnam
4375:1944 in Vietnam
4355:Famines in Asia
4345:
4344:
4341:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4308:
4306:
4294:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4232:
4227:Atomic bombings
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4070:
4063:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3985:
3976:
3969:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3930:
3923:
3918:Eastern Romania
3916:
3911:Warsaw Uprising
3909:
3904:Tannenberg Line
3902:
3895:
3890:Western Ukraine
3888:
3879:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3820:
3811:
3798:
3791:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3682:Battle of Kursk
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3639:
3632:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3493:St Nazaire Raid
3491:
3484:
3477:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3317:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3275:Anglo-Iraqi War
3273:
3266:Battle of Crete
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3223:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3195:Eastern Romania
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3013:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2937:
2930:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2837:
2830:
2821:
2814:
2809:
2802:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2756:Western Ukraine
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2700:Northeast China
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2406:Slovak Republic
2404:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2377:Empire of Japan
2375:
2366:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2286:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2250:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2079:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1963:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1922:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1889:Sexual violence
1888:
1881:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1619:
1612:
1607:Greek Civil War
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1550:
1543:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1432:South-East Asia
1430:
1423:
1416:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1291:Military awards
1289:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1043:(in Vietnamese)
1032:
1001:
983:
981:Further reading
978:
977:
970:
954:
950:
937:
936:
932:
921:
920:
916:
897:
893:
858:
854:
843:
839:
823:
822:
818:
804:
797:
787:
785:
783:
767:
763:
748:
744:
737:Thanh Nien News
731:
730:
726:
689:
685:
656:
652:
636:
599:
586:
578:
564:10.2307/2137774
547:
541:
537:
532:
495:
429:
421:
373:wartime economy
359:. In mid-1940,
345:
335:
307:
222:Japanese Empire
210:
113:
100:
97:
88:
77:
71:
68:
53:
41:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4418:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4246:
4243:South Sakhalin
4239:
4238:
4237:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3983:
3974:
3967:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3877:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3722:
3715:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3668:Battle of Attu
3664:
3657:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3630:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3474:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3417:Battle of Guam
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3340:Battle of Kiev
3336:
3329:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2851:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:United Kingdom
2835:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2807:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2243:British Empire
2236:United Kingdom
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2077:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2052:Czechoslovakia
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1984:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1949:Rape of Manila
1945:
1938:
1931:
1920:
1905:
1898:
1886:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1826:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1787:
1780:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1720:United Nations
1716:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1579:Decolonization
1575:
1568:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1271:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1252:United Kingdom
1248:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1175:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1098:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1030:External links
1028:
1027:
1026:
1016:(2): 187–218.
1005:
999:
982:
979:
976:
975:
968:
948:
930:
914:
891:
852:
837:
816:
795:
782:978-1118513002
781:
761:
742:
724:
683:
670:(2): 618–653.
650:
584:
558:(4): 783–812.
534:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
494:
491:
428:
425:
420:
417:
413:Trần Trọng Kim
395:made frequent
349:Southeast Asia
334:
331:
306:
303:
209:
206:
159:Nạn đói năm 45
151:Nạn đói Ất Dậu
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72:September 2018
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4017:Syrmian Front
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3188:Baltic states
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2768:Quốc dân Đảng
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1902:Camp brothels
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1791:The Holocaust
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1630:Marshall Plan
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1483:Eastern Front
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1476:Western Front
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1370:Puppet states
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1312:Naval history
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448:the envoy at
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279:price ceiling
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51:
50:
45:This article
43:
34:
33:
27:
19:
4342:
4324:Bibliography
4307:
4120:Project Hula
4085:Vistula–Oder
4054:
3995:
3987:
3978:
3962:
3932:
3881:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3813:
3710:
3625:
3601:
3571:
3322:
3215:
3160:North Africa
2862:Soviet Union
2816:Soviet Union
2742:Soviet Union
2510:Vatican City
2420:Vichy France
2325:German Reich
2222:Soviet Union
2208:South Africa
2201:Sierra Leone
2154:Newfoundland
1973:Participants
1956:Marocchinate
1660:
1651:
1621:
1499:North Africa
1460:Indian Ocean
1319:Nazi plunder
1210:Cryptography
1083:World War II
1013:
1009:
989:
958:
951:
942:
933:
923:
917:
908:
904:
894:
869:
865:
855:
840:
807:
788:24 September
786:. Retrieved
771:
764:
755:
745:
736:
727:
700:
696:
686:
667:
663:
653:
644:
610:
606:
576:the original
555:
551:
538:
509:Greek famine
487:
463:
458:
446:
427:Consequences
422:
411:, headed by
402:
389:
365:Nazi Germany
346:
333:World War II
308:
299:
288:
286:themselves.
275:
242:World War II
239:
202:
191:Nazi Germany
183:Vichy France
175:World War II
158:
142:
140:
132:Total deaths
78:
69:
46:
26:
4055:Bodenplatte
3941:Gothic Line
3167:West Africa
2714:Philippines
2693:Netherlands
2558:Czech lands
2496:Switzerland
2440:Afghanistan
2391:Philippines
2259:Puerto Rico
2175:Philippines
2161:New Zealand
2147:Netherlands
2100:Free France
1851:Prosecution
1652:Osoaviakhim
1522:West Africa
1506:East Africa
1153:Conferences
703:: 286–316.
471:Ho Chi Minh
455:Jean Decoux
397:air strikes
155:Ất Dậu Year
4349:Categories
4155:West Hunan
3988:Pointblank
3324:Silver Fox
3310:Summer War
3063:Winter War
3042:Phoney War
2823:Azerbaijan
2784:Yugoslavia
2679:Luxembourg
2521:Resistance
2268:Yugoslavia
2133:Luxembourg
1935:Sook Ching
1731:War crimes
1333:Technology
1326:Opposition
1268:Lend-Lease
1245:Australian
1238:Home front
1196:Blitzkrieg
1146:Casualties
1137:Commanders
1109:Operations
969:0253335396
530:References
337:See also:
323:Vietnamese
319:cash crops
309:After the
147:Vietnamese
56:improve it
4220:Manchuria
4106:Indochina
3882:Bagration
3333:Lithuania
2978:Anschluss
2775:Viet Minh
2672:Lithuania
2614:Hong Kong
2384:Manchukuo
2339:Azad Hind
1998:Australia
1798:Aftermath
1661:Paperclip
1556:Aftermath
1356:Total war
1224:Diplomacy
1187:In Europe
886:145374444
826:cite book
719:1468-0289
514:Holodomor
473:, in his
466:Viet Minh
60:verifying
4331:Category
4280:document
4190:document
4047:Ardennes
4031:Budapest
3979:Crossbow
3857:Overlord
3696:Smolensk
2914:Timeline
2749:Slovakia
2735:Thailand
2586:Ethiopia
2551:Bulgaria
2475:Portugal
2413:Thailand
2295:Bulgaria
2073:Eswatini
2066:Ethiopia
2019:Bulgaria
1844:Unit 731
1805:Response
1622:Keelhaul
1572:Cold War
1545:Americas
1536:timeline
1529:Atlantic
1409:Theaters
493:See also
381:potatoes
325:and the
291:droughts
283:piastres
281:of 1.40
179:Japanese
4257:Shumshu
4024:Hungary
3971:Estonia
3955:Lapland
3933:Dragoon
3866:Neptune
3848:Ichi-Go
3814:Tempest
3756:Changde
3711:Cottage
3603:Jubilee
3319:Finland
3217:Compass
2923:Prelude
2876:Finland
2762:Vietnam
2728:Romania
2600:Germany
2579:Estonia
2565:Denmark
2544:Belgium
2537:Austria
2530:Albania
2461:Ireland
2447:Andorra
2431:Neutral
2398:Romania
2332:Hungary
2317:Finland
2189:Romania
2081:Finland
2059:Denmark
2005:Belgium
1991:Algeria
1697:Romania
1683:Hungary
1439:Pacific
1163:General
1117:Leaders
1102:Battles
1095:Outline
572:2137774
195:Western
173:during
118:Country
54:Please
4234:Debate
4206:Taipei
4199:Borneo
3777:Tarawa
2971:Europe
2932:Africa
2721:Poland
2707:Norway
2686:Malaya
2665:Latvia
2607:Greece
2593:France
2489:Sweden
2454:Bhutan
2182:Poland
2168:Norway
2140:Mexico
2107:Greece
2093:France
2031:Canada
2012:Brazil
1982:Allies
1928:Serbia
1917:Poland
1690:Poland
1676:Baltic
1469:Europe
1171:Topics
1123:Allied
997:
966:
884:
814:
779:
717:
570:
393:Allies
385:cotton
295:floods
258:Saigon
250:France
236:, 1945
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