Venetian navy - Knowledge

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a set amount of merchandise on board the ship free of taxes or fares, allowing them to make considerable profits through what was in effect legalized smuggling. Demand for a place aboard such ships was so high that legislation had to be introduced repeatedly to combat the practice of sailors paying kickbacks to their captains so that they would be selected. Payment was considerably higher for the war galleys—12 lire at the turn of the 16th century—but the crews suffered deductions for clothing, medicine and clerical services, etc. On the other hand, while the chances for smuggling were smaller (but still extant) on a warship, a crewman could also hope to receive a share in any booty. Many of the galleys were manned in Venice's overseas positions, however, where galley service was unpopular, and where either conscripts or hired substitutes were used.

31: 894: 567:) the size of the "guard fleet" or "Squadron of the Gulf" mobilized each year was much reduced: instead of the usual ten galleys, in 1385 only four were mobilized, and of these two in Crete rather than Venice, since the colonies were obliged to cover the maintenance of galleys out of their own pockets, rather than the state treasury. This set the pattern for the next decade; when the Senate mobilized ten galleys in 1395, of which only four in Venice, it was considered an extraordinary effort. This was also dictated by the Senate's reluctance to interrupt the peaceful relations with the Ottomans, and thereby also the extremely lucrative trade with the East; even when Venice pledged to support the 3481: 2541: 1020:, the Republic complemented its galley war fleet with chartered armed merchant vessels. As the domestic merchant fleet was insufficient, the Venetians also chartered foreign vessels, usually Dutch or English. From 1651 on, the Venetians began putting captured Ottoman ships into service. Chartered vessels were still widely used, but the use of the Ottoman ships alleviated some of their drawbacks: the high cost of renting them, and the uncertain availability of foreign ships. The high cost of renting foreign ships, which were not even purpose-built warships, demonstrated the need for a state-owned fleet, a project pressed forward particularly by admiral 583:, although the customary distrust of the two maritime republics still meant that they pursued their own agendas and eyed each other's military and diplomatic moves warily. Nevertheless, Venice's policy in this period was ambivalent: while it strengthened its overseas garrisons, it avoided an open rupture with the Sultan, and sought to negotiate with him, indeed allowing its local colonies to make their own deals with regional Turkish potentates. As Camillo Manfroni writes, "it was not real war, it was not even peace". This situation was brought to an end by the decisive Ottoman defeat in the 149: 1622: 1041: 1501: 387: 240:. It was an uncomfortable ship as, save for perhaps a tent for the officers, the entire crew had to live exposed to the elements, the hold being devoted to supplies and cargo. However, the size of the crew, speed and maneuverability in combat, and the fact that it could sail against the wind or be rowed in the absence of the wind, made it ideal both as a warship and as a transport of the most valuable of cargoes. Length was about 45 metres and the beam 5, provision was made for about 25 banks of rowers. 648: 659: 1121: 1160: 536:, from which the wider conflict takes its name, is notable in being the first recorded use of ship-mounted gunpowder weapons being used in combat. The Venetians, who were already using gunpowder siege weapons on land, mounted small bombards to many of their galleys during the battle to keep the Genoese force cordoned off in Chioggia. 1032:

worked on, at the same time. This existence of a permanent fleet was a new and distinct advantage over the Ottomans, who did not have a standing sailing fleet, but built their ships as needed, or relied on their Barbary vassals. It was not until 1690 that the Ottomans began building a standing sailing squadron of their own.

715:, unrelated to the Northern European brigantine, was a small fast ship, sail- and oar-driven, it was lateen rigged on two masts and had between eight and twelve oars on each side. Like the galley it was used both as an escort and a transport, Venetian brigantines were about 20 metres long and 3 metres wide, 1344:

had been used to man fleets, but in the 15th century and on the Republic relied on wages for crewing both its warships and its merchant vessels. Pay was not very high in the merchant galleys—some 8–9 lire per month for an oarsman at the turn of the 16th century—but each crewman had the right to carry

539:

The conflict was nearly equally disastrous for both sides, and Genoa was certainly crippled, losing the naval ascendency that the city-state had enjoyed prior to the war. Venice might have suffered equally as badly, but for the existence of the Arsenal, which allowed Venice to make good its losses in

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L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia. Indice Generale, Storico, Descrittivo ed Analitico. Tomo II: Archivi dell'Amministrazione Provinciale della Repubblica Veneta, archivi delle rappresentanze diplomatiche e consolari, archivi dei governi succeduti alla Repubblica Veneta, archivi degli istituti religiosi

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with real military fleets. In inland waters, the Venetians used galleons, a different type of vessel than the vessel of the same name used at sea. The galleons had a flat bottom, on average between 35 and 40 meters long, and were provided with fortified wooden structures along the sides. Their crew

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and consequently a reduction in hydrodynamic performance in exchange for enhanced cargo capacity. Essentially a compromise between military and commercial needs the merchant galley was particularly suitable for the trade in high value cargoes with the East. Length was about 50 metres and beam about

76:

for many centuries between the medieval and early modern periods, providing Venice with control and influence over trade and politics far in excess of the republic's size and population. It was one of the first navies to mount gunpowder weapons aboard ships, and through an organised system of naval

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type, driven by increased French presence in the Mediterranean as well as the increase in attacks by the Barbary corsairs, who began operating in squadrons of six to eight vessels. An expansion of the Arsenal also created a large covered shipyard where up to thirteen vessels could be conserved, or

353:

Towards the end of this period Venice had accumulated a large and powerful fleet. Although still nominally a vassal of the Byzantine Empire, Venice was increasingly independent and a rival of the Byzantines for primacy in the Eastern Mediterranean. Rather than depending on the Byzantines for their

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and it utilised Byzantine naval and military techniques. At this time there was little difference between the merchant and naval fleets; all ships had to be able to defend themselves if the need arose. In the event of hostilities ships and crews were taken up from trade to reinforce the war fleet,

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During the 1600s galleys remained an important protagonists in Mediterranean warfare, but they were no longer the decisive weapons they had once been; since the 1500s galleons and other "round ships" (i.e. triple masted sailing ships with a deep draught) had become the most important component of

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Faced with a constant threat to its maritime possessions, Venice had little choice but to maintain a standing fleet of dozens of galleys on a war footing in peacetime, bolstered in times of actual war by over a hundred galleys held in reserve. To oversee the efficient supply and administration of

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in 1396, this was done half-heartedly, particularly since the crusade was led by the Republic's arch-rival over control of Dalmatia, the King of Hungary. The Turks were well aware of these factors, and sought to placate the Venetians whenever possible so as to dissuade them from allying with the

509:, which saw the loss of 83 galleys out of a fleet of 95, 7,000 men killed and another 7,000 captured. However, Venice was able to immediately equip a second fleet of 100 galleys and was able to obtain reasonable peace conditions that did not significantly hamper its power and prosperity. 949:), first appearing in the early 16th century and intended to fight piracy, Multi-decked and carrying a broadside of guns on a gun deck the galleon was adopted by other European powers and readopted by Venice. Initially at least it was hybridised by the provision to allow rowing. 1113:—whose raids against Christian shipping continued unabated. The Republic concluded a series of peace agreements with these states in 1763–1765, but these were not honoured for long. This set the stage for the last actions of the Venetian navy, bound up with the name of 100:

of Pisa and Genoa for primacy over trade with the Levant, the Venetian navy was at times technically innovative and yet operationally conservative. With the final fall of Constantinople it played a key role in checking the maritime advance of the

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consisted of about fifty sailors, a few dozen crossbowmen and infantrymen and each ship was equipped with at least one bombard. Alongside the galleons, the Venetians also used galleys, which however proved to be unsuitable for river navigation.

416:, under the direct control of the Republic, were concentrated all that was needed to construct and maintain the Venetian fleet. With this move, control of the galleys also passed into public ownership, private citizens being limited to 878:, also known as the "War of Candia", which saw a Venetian expeditionary fleet outside the gates of Istanbul, the former Constantinople, but ended with the loss of Venice's last and most important Eastern Mediterranean possession, the 482:; the government of the Republic began to take on the shape that it would keep for the following centuries, until its final demise. Additionally, the desire to maintain mastery of newly conquered seas and a growing conflict with the 432:

The 13th century opened with overseas conquest and an expansion of the Stato da Màr, giving the Venetian a chain of bases, outposts and colonies across the trade routes to the Levant. Partially at the instigation of Venice, the

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and beyond; Venice's commercial and military strength, and continued survival, was founded on the strength of its fleet. This allowed it for centuries to check the maritime advance of the numerically superior forces of the

3785: 3777: 867:. By the sixteenth century, Venice, though significant, was no longer the predominant naval power it had once been; the long conflict with the Ottoman's had cut the trade routes to the East, and with the 501:, the Gulf. With this naval force, Venice imposed its authority on the Adriatic, which it regarded as its own, patrolling, inspecting all ships passing, and attacking those it considered hostile. At the 3801: 3740: 800:, convicts sentenced to forced labour. Unfree rowers were always a rarity in Venice, it being one of few major naval powers that used almost exclusively free rowers, a result of their reliance on 3756: 3748: 3764: 3732: 3724: 1089:(1714–1718), Venice was left a minor power. In a sequence of wars lasting almost 75 years, the Republic lost most of its overseas empire and impoverished itself in the process. after the 2799: 35: 405:(for which Venice had provided transport of men and supplies), Venetian commercial interests in the Levant led to the first great revolution of the Venetian navy, the building of the 2804: 181:

being dispersed back to the pursuit of commerce on the ending of the emergency. Even so, there were two types of vessels one primarily military and one predominantly mercantile.

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for over three centuries. The navy's long decline mirrored that of the republic, beginning in the 16th century and ending with the capitulation of the city to Napoleon in 1797.

2982: 606:, a "round ship" designed to cope with the rough waters of the North Sea, the hulls of Venetian built cogs had a pronounced teardrop shape, with a narrow bow mounting a high 3175: 1489: 1271:

A number of junior and subordinate commanders could be added to these, and a number of temporary or specialized posts were created over the centuries as well, such as the

748:, had a fuller hull and was more strongly built, allowing it to accommodate a fourth, later a fifth, rower per bench, its increased size made it suitable for use as a 579:

of the Squadron of the Gulf to assist beleaguered Constantinople. The Venetian ships were instructed to co-operate with the Genoese fleets operating in the area under

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Modern scholars have discerned three phases in the Venetians' adoption of sailing ships. Initially, from the 1617–1620 conflict with Naples to the early phase of the

220:, and were therefore less maneuverable and more vulnerable to enemy attack than oar-propelled vessels. However, in the event of war, they would be used as supply and 3560: 1220: 551:

Nevertheless, the severe financial strain of the War of Chioggia imposed drastic economies in the post-war, which also affected the navy. Thus, despite the mounting

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of Austria, which got hold of ten ships of the line, seven frigates and corvettes, several dozens of gunboats and small ships, roughly one half of the 1797 fleet.

2754: 966: 1397:, as well as filling the positions of the sailing fleet. The selection of the other higher commands and of the galley fleet remained with the Great Council. 1295:("Captain on the watch of the islands of Quarnero and the Coasts of Istria"). In the 15th and 16th centuries, Venice also maintained riverine fleets in the 3590: 1412:

were established to supervise the provisioning and equipment of the fleet and its crews, while the enlistment of crews and officers was the charge of the

3969: 2435: 1066:, the international development of the navy obliged Venice to follow the other European States, competing with them to build new types of sailing ships: 497:

From 1268, virtually uniquely for the time, Venice maintained a standing fleet so as to maintain control of the Adriatic, which for Venetians was simply

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in 1204, Venice had become the pre-eminent maritime power in the Eastern Mediterranean. Venice also developed a new type of galley more suitable for the

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Le armi di San Marco: Atti del Convegno di Venezia e Verona, 29–30 settembre 2011. La potenza militare veneziana dalla Serenissima al Risorgimento

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Guilmartin, John Francis (2007). "The Earliest Shipboard Gunpowder Ordnance: An Analysis of Its Technical Parameters and Tactical Capabilities".

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threat in the Balkans, the continuing rivalry with Genoa, and the simultaneous expansion of Venetian holdings in the southern Balkans (including

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in 1718, the Republic enjoyed peace with the Ottoman Empire, but remained in a state of quasi-war with the Ottomans' North African vassals, the

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The 17th century was marked by the loss and the gains of series of overseas possessions; Venice found itself fighting the twenty five year long

3954: 1332:. Like the higher command positions and the senior commissariat of the fleet, all of them were filled by members of the Venetian patriciate. 216:

and multiple decks. It was designed for a profitable transport of cargo. Propelled mainly by the wind, the round ship was limited to sailing

3687: 3470: 3094: 2897: 1268:("Captain Extraordinary of the Sailing Ships") was created during the last Ottoman–Venetian war, but this was a wartime appointment only. 1024:. His death in 1657 delayed things, but in 1666, the Senate finally ordered the construction of 64-gun ships of the line in the Arsenal. 614:

Alongside the naval squadrons that operated at sea, at least from the mid-13th century Venice began to deploy military fleets along the

3236: 2902: 2860: 2133: 1484: 958: 355: 114: 3711: 272:, similar to contemporary Byzantine ships of the same name, but often larger, they were twin decked and equipped with "castles" and 3448: 3332: 3320: 3298: 1086: 3679: 3129: 3033: 2428: 890:

was proposed with which to attack the Turkish fortifications; however, a peace treaty was signed before it could be constructed.

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was the earliest of the three offices and remained the highest in the sailing squadrons, albeit always under the command of the

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rowing (one oar per man, with two to three sharing the same bench), which required skilled professional rowers. The use of the

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was also created at this time. The use of convicts to row the galleys increased over time, except for the flagships and the

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by Venice was prompted by her experience with sailing ships chartered from the English and Dutch against the forces of

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seminar, held by the Fondazione Querini Stampalia – Dipartimento di Studi Storici, Venice, 25 May 2001) (in Italian).

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and the opening of the Atlantic trade routes, the focus of European maritime trade had moved from the Mediterranean.

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For much of the navy's history, Venice employed free men as crewmen in its fleets. In the 13th and 14th centuries,

682:"commissioner of naval forces" responsible for the construction and maintenance of ships and cannon, provision of 3964: 3959: 3426: 3192: 3065: 2530: 2277: 1473: 1136: 1055: 524:, a radical change in the nature of going out to sea. This century saw the culmination of the long smouldering 442: 17: 3695: 2809: 2495: 1662: 1646: 3540: 3241: 3165: 3018: 2892: 2814: 1175: 981:

and the Ottomans. Its adoption led to a division of the Venetian navy into two, one a sailing branch, the

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of the fleet, instead such ships were formed into a separate flotilla under the command of the so-called

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I Vascelli della Serenissima: Guerra, politica e costruzioni navali a Venezia in età moderna, 1650-1720

1361: 1218:("Governor of the condemned ones"). The galeasses were sometimes placed under their own commander, the 1214: 1017: 875: 814: 678:

such a force required an extensive organisational effort, leading to the creation of the office of the

127:. From the very beginning, it focused on establishing and maintaining maritime trade routes across the 2360: 1254:

were appointed to command the divisions of the sailing fleet, but eventually the more junior ranks of

1081:, a large multi-deck ship armed with dozens of cannons and designed to form the backbone of the fleet. 825:

in 1571 was a Venetian invention that was soon adopted by other fleets in the Mediterranean. Venetian

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In the immediate aftermath of the crushing Ottoman victory at Nicopolis, the Venetians instructed the

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The end of the Venetian navy coincided with the end of the entire state in 1797, with the arrival of

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The 14th century saw a great change in construction techniques, with the replacement of the twin

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form of government saw the Doge gradually lose the ability to appoint military commanders to the

1406:, but gradually a more complex and professional administration was built up. In 1545, the three 598:, it then spread to the rest of Europe, and was adopted by Venice for its trade with the North. 3949: 3369: 3344: 3308: 3278: 3115: 2335: 2287:

Manfroni, Camillo (1902a). "La battaglia di Gallipoli e la politica veneto-turca (1381–1420)".

2049: 737:, a small narrow galley, 35 metres long and 7 metres wide, with provision for 20 banks of oars. 667: 2749: 2026: 1672: 1656: 851:

was a very large galley, carrying a substantial complement of naval artillery on a continuous

358:, and was able to use it to leverage concessions from both the Byzantines and their rivals in 236:(thin galley), an agile narrow-beamed ship with a single deck, propelled as needed by oars or 3453: 3436: 3394: 3359: 3202: 3043: 2829: 2789: 1140: 417: 128: 86: 2151: 2114:

Vox Navalis: Articoli di storia navale dell'antica Roma pubblicati sulla rivista Voce Romana

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Up to the mid-16th century, naval matters were supervised by the five-member board of the

1369:. Finally, as the number of galleys in the Venetian fleet diminished in favour of sailing 201:. When not in use as warships, galleys were used to transport low bulk high value cargoes. 119:

Giving shelter to refugees fleeing Hunnic invaders in the 6th century, Venice grew in the

8: 3585: 3550: 3315: 3053: 1481:, a Spanish trade route that bypassed the Ottoman and Arab controlled lands of the Levant 1226: 1090: 752:

in both trade and war fleets. It was so named because the vessel was a cross between the

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Towards the end of the 9th century there appeared the main instrument of Venetian power:

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Storia della marina italiana dalla caduta di Constantinopoli alla battaglia di Lepanto

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the Byzantine Emperor granted the Venetians far-reaching commercial privileges in the

3895: 3850: 3595: 3502: 3463: 3337: 3325: 3303: 3293: 3246: 3229: 3217: 2737: 2715: 2668: 2606: 2586: 2564: 2384: 2345: 2273: 2232: 2197: 2176: 2143: 2118: 2097: 2080: 2034: 2013: 1792: 1602: 1423: 1382: 1370: 1148: 1125: 879: 856: 855:, located above the rowers, allowing for the first time the firing of a concentrated 822: 556: 502: 487: 198: 173: 148: 73: 65: 51: 3885: 3875: 3865: 3825: 3667: 3507: 3349: 3212: 2882: 2744: 2698: 2591: 2508: 2252: 2243:(1973). "Naval actions and fleet organization, 1499–1502". In Hale, John R. (ed.). 2240: 2220: 1455: 1402: 1144: 1110: 1078: 1051: 1040: 1021: 868: 728:, length was about 25 metres, beam 4 metres and with provision for 15 pairs of oars 595: 590:

The early 15th century saw the spread of a new ship type, developed for use in the

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Storia della marina italiana dal Trattato di Ninfeo alla caduta di Constantinopoli

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in the 17th century. Crete and Cyprus also had their own fleet squadrons, under a

3870: 3855: 3266: 3107: 2943: 2727: 2601: 2581: 2378: 2191: 2170: 2112: 2007: 1390: 1106: 1098: 859:. Length was about 50 metres, beam 8 metres, with provision for 25 banks of oars. 809: 764:

The 16th century saw the gradual replacement of the traditional missile weapons (

529: 462: 386: 212:(a sail-driven merchant vessel), this was a stubby broad-beamed ship with a high 120: 2576: 1418:. The technical administration was exercised by the College of the Sea Militia ( 1359:, when the first institutions to administer them are also attested. The post of 1192:

Following the division of the fleet in the mid-17th century into a rowed fleet (

532:(1378–1381), after which Genoese ships were not seen again in the Adriatic. The 347: 3860: 3840: 3224: 3187: 2970: 2962: 2955: 2950: 2732: 2643: 2513: 2485: 2003: 1478: 978: 627: 623: 552: 438: 434: 312: 221: 209: 165: 137: 102: 2017: 1598:

La guerra d'acqua dolce. Navi e conflitti medievali nell'Italia settentrionale

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was always quite limited in the Venetian navy and did not fit into the normal

690:, weapons and gunpowder, recruitment of crews and the management of finances. 362:, profiting from both. In return for Venetian aid against the Normans, in the 244:

In addition a number of other types of ships are mentioned in the Chronicles,

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Storia della marina italiana dalle invasioni barbariche al trattato di Ninfeo

2147: 2084: 1200:), the former formed three distinct squadrons, each under the command of the 1094: 909: 765: 687: 541: 424: 217: 78: 2369:] (in Italian). Rome: Tipo lit. Ministero della Marina – Uff. Gabinetto. 2341:

The Age of the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-Classical Times

724:, a small galley type ship powered by both oars and sail, also known as the 330:

With these ships, Venice fought alongside the Byzantines against the Arabs,

307:, the great war galley, twin or triple masted, a possible progenitor of the 2975: 2683: 2518: 2503: 2374: 2065: 1467: 1341: 1189:("Captain general of the Sea"), with very extensive powers, was appointed. 1180: 863:

The contemporaneous decline in commercial traffic led to the disappearance

797: 789: 517: 513: 506: 420: 237: 169: 168:. Before developing into the Empire's archnemesis, Venice was originally a 85:

was one of the greatest concentrations of industrial capacity prior to the

2224: 1393:. In the 18th century, the Senate appropriated the right of selecting the 1352:) and Muslim captives began to be employed as rowers in the Venetian navy 81:

was able to continually keep ships at sea and rapidly replace losses. The

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during the Cretan War. For the same reason, an even higher post, that of

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Traditionally, all senior naval offices were occupied by members of the

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Construction accelerated in the 1670s, including smaller vessels of the

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A new chapter for Venice and the Venetian navy opened in 1453, with the

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Aken, tjalken en kraken: zeilschepen van de Lage Landen: de binnenvaart

1373:, after 1721 all Venetian galleys were exclusively manned by convicts. 1304: 1296: 1293:

Capitano alla guardia delle isole del Quarnero e delle Rive dell’Istria

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History of the Venetian navy: from Lepanto to the fall of the Republic

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Storia della marina veneziana: da Lepanto alla caduta della Repubblica

2066:"Lo sviluppo dell'Armata grossa nell'emergenza della guerra marittima" 2050:"L'evoluzione della flotta veneziana durante la prima guerra di Morea" 338:, winning by the year 1000 dominance of the Adriatic, subjugating the 68:

which played an important role in the history of the republic and the

3657: 3060: 2648: 2413: 1596: 887: 702: 591: 318: 308: 2409:(in Italian). Società Italiana di Storia Militare. pp. 123–154. 1196:), comprising galleys and galeasses, and sailing ships of the line ( 474:

At this time, the decline of ducal power and an entrenchment of the

3652: 2096:(in Italian). Venice: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. 1132: 1124:

Former Venetian ships of the line in Austrian service, painting by

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The Venetian navy continued to introduce and adopt new ship types.

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Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations

1860: 697:

technology, the previous Greek fire projectors were replaced with

658: 2255:(1982). "Wages and Recruitment of Venetian Galeotti, 1470–1580". 1366: 1071: 1063: 1028: 941: 930:(barstardling galley), a galley intermediate in size between the 826: 694: 560: 335: 194: 1470:, the Venetian navy's long time rival that had a similar history 1173:

The high command of the fleet in peacetime was entrusted to the

1062:

During the 18th century, in addition to the introduction of the

945:, the galleon was a Venetian development of a sailing ship (the 3627: 3617: 2662: 2559: 1634: 792:

serving in time of war, was supplemented by the first Venetian

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In the 12th century, following the Chrysobull of 1082, and the

331: 268: 190: 132: 1940: 1928: 1918: 1916: 1848: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1707: 1705: 256:), a masted galley, with a raised archery platform or "castle" 160:

The origins of the Venetian navy lay in the traditions of the

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Habsburg Empire and the Sea: Austrian Naval Policy, 1797–1866

1300: 1224:. The commanders of the ships of the line squadrons were the 883: 733: 662:

The Venetian fleet at the Siege of Sopot - 27th of June, 1570

622:(small flat-bottomed boats), but during the wars against the 548:

that could be rearmed and brought rapidly back into service.

1981: 796:"forced galleys" in which the crews were composed solely of 505:

in 1298, Venice suffered a major defeat at the hands of the

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led to Venice keeping a larger fleet under arms for longer.

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and responsible for the bulk of the republic's naval power.

1913: 1831: 1768: 1741: 1702: 1690: 1678: 1288: 61: 1964: 1952: 1758: 1756: 1120: 674:, a centuries long confrontation with the Ottoman Empire. 1576: 1564: 1552: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1540: 1518: 1516: 1490:

Venetian bombardments of the Beylik of Tunis (1784–1788)

618:. Initially they consisted of a few units, six or seven 1889: 1753: 1729: 1717: 197:, which for a millienium was the principle ship of the 1879: 1877: 1875: 1179:("Superintendent general of the Sea"), who resided at 705:. This era saw the development of further ship types. 634:

in 1509, the Serenissima operated along the Po and on

382:

Twelfth century to first half of the fifteenth century

2027:"Venice's Maritime Empire in the Early Modern Period" 1806: 1513: 287:, a term mostly associated with Muslim heavy warships 36:

The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena

354:

survival, the Venetians held, with their fleet, the

1901: 1872: 788:, debtors and convicts serving out their debt, and 3137: 1528: 1389:, and only in particularly important cases by the 1279:("Captain of the light galleys in the Gulf"), the 1246:. As the size of the sailing fleet grew, a second 457:(great merchant galley), also known simply as the 1791:. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press. 1786: 346:, the first domain in what would become Venice's 276:projectors, making them useful in maritime sieges 143: 108: 3941: 2400:"Angelo Emo e la riforma della marina veneziana" 2334: 2142:(in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca d'arte editrice. 2031:A Companion to Venetian History, 1400–1797 1640: 1442:, "regarding the biscuits"), and the artillery ( 540:next to no time. By this time the Arsenal had a 2330:(in Italian). Livorno: Regia Accademia navale. 2321:(in Italian). Livorno: Regia Accademia navale. 2247:. London: Faber & Faber. pp. 146–173. 2168: 1628: 3123: 2429: 2358: 2057:Venezia e il Mediterraneo. La guerra di Morea 1987: 1975: 1958: 1946: 1934: 1922: 1866: 1854: 1842: 1154: 1004: 982: 916:(College for Young Nobles), on the island of 898: 953: 27:Naval militants of the Venetian armed forces 2193:Archaeology and the Social History of Ships 1446:), as well as the paymasters of the fleet ( 988: 295: 3970:Military history of the Republic of Venice 3130: 3116: 2436: 2422: 2210: 1522: 1485:List of sailing ships of the Venetian navy 1283:of bastard galleys and heavy galleys, the 465:"); with a greater beam than the previous 115:List of sailing ships of the Venetian navy 2787: Administrative magistracies 2383:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2286: 2012:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1582: 1570: 1558: 1546: 908:In 1619 the Venetian Senate instituted a 528:which came to an end of sorts during the 2397: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2131: 2091: 2063: 2047: 2002: 1825: 1774: 1762: 1747: 1735: 1723: 1711: 1696: 1684: 1594: 1158: 1143:seized the best ships and plundered the 1119: 1039: 957: 892: 776:. At this time the traditional Venetian 657: 646: 470:7, provision was for 25 banks of rowers. 385: 147: 29: 1314:Individual galleys were commanded by a 780:"free galleys", with crews composed of 744:"bastard galley", a development of the 14: 3942: 2443: 1787:Lawrence Sondhaus (1 September 1989). 1230:("Captain of the Sailing Ships"), the 423:aboard the vessels that undertook the 92:Driven at first by a rivalry with the 3955:Military history of the Mediterranean 3111: 2417: 2373: 2267: 2189: 2110: 2024: 1668: 1652: 1534: 1507: 1206:("Superintendent of the fleet"), the 1163:Portrait of a Venetian navy officer, 572:other Christian powers against them. 391:The Capture of Constantinople in 1204 2251: 2239: 2169:Haalmeijer, Hans; Vuik, Dik (2006). 1907: 1895: 1883: 1601:. Bologna: Clueb. pp. 102–103. 1147:before handing the city over to the 1013:Northern European and other fleets. 670:and the beginning in earnest of the 208:(round ship) derived from the Roman 2762: Judicial magistracies 2270:The Renaissance and the Reformation 969:, showing a Venetian 30-gun frigate 654:, unknown artist, late 16th century 294:, a cavalry transport (from Greek: 24: 2835:Riformatori dello studio di Padova 2009:Naval Wars in the Levant 1559–1853 1273:Capitano della Riviera della Marca 25: 3981: 3581:Capitano Straordinario delle Navi 2800:Provveditori sopra beni communali 2777: Fiscal magistracies 2344:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 2338:; Gardiner, Robert, eds. (1995). 1376: 1324:, and the ships of the line by a 1265:Capitano Straordinario delle Navi 1212:("Captain of the Gulf"), and the 821:Making a victorious debut at the 784:or free men serving for pay, and 520:and with the introduction of the 72:. It was the premier navy in the 3479: 2539: 2312:(in Italian). Rome: Forzani e C. 973:The large scale adoption of the 2805:Provveditori sopra beni inculti 2213:The Journal of Military History 1780: 1054:in May 1797, just prior to the 843:was a warship derived from the 2641: Principal organs 2196:. Cambridge University Press. 1588: 1474:Hemp in the Republic of Venice 1420:Colleggio della Milizia da Mar 1137:Fall of the Republic of Venice 1074:, small warship for patrolling 1056:fall of the Republic of Venice 920:to provide a naval education. 829:fought in Lepanto, created as 680:Magistrato alla milizia da mar 544:of at least 50 decommissioned 144:Origins, 8th to 11th centuries 109:Evolution of the Venetian navy 13: 1: 3795:San Giovanni Battista piccolo 2810:Esecutori contro la bestemmia 2496:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio 2359:Nani Mocenigo, Mario (1935). 1495: 1353: 1277:Capitano delle fuste in Golfo 1164: 1003:), and the rowing fleet, the 818:"Governor of the condemned". 189:(thin ship), a narrow-beamed 3541:Provveditore Generale da Mar 3449:Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War 3237:1296–1302 War with Byzantium 2983:Venetian commercial shipping 2893:Provveditore Generale da Mar 2398:Zampieri, Francesco (2011). 1641:Morrison & Gardiner 1995 1395:Provveditore generale da Mar 1176:Provveditore Generale da Mar 1087:Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War 1044:The 70-gun ship of the line 1035: 642: 263:, another type of war galley 152:Model of a Venetian galley, 7: 3333:Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War 3299:Second Ottoman–Venetian War 2500:Wars of expansion in Italy 2073:Storia di Venezia - Rivista 2033:. BRILL. pp. 125–253. 1461: 1422:), a body analogous to the 1385:, and were selected by the 914:Collegio dei Giovani Nobili 283:, mentioned in the time of 10: 3986: 3566:Governatore dei condannati 3321:Third Ottoman–Venetian War 2888:Captain General of the Sea 2825:Cinque savi alla mercanzia 2326:Manfroni, Camillo (1902). 2317:Manfroni, Camillo (1899). 2308:Manfroni, Camillo (1897). 2190:Gould, Richard A. (2011). 1996: 1629:Haalmeijer & Vuik 2006 1434:in charge of the Arsenal ( 1362:governatore dei condannati 1215:Governatore dei condannati 1155:Rank and command structure 815:Governatore dei condannati 112: 3926: 3914: 3818: 3666: 3616: 3609: 3526: 3495: 3488: 3477: 3153: 3083: 3049:Accademia degli Incogniti 3009: 3002: 2924: 2917: 2853: 2706:Procurators of Saint Mark 2633: 2626: 2555: 2548: 2537: 2454: 2272:. Harper & Brothers. 2132:Da Mosto, Andrea (1940). 1085:Following the end of the 954:Adoption of sailing ships 701:positioned in the bow as 296: 77:dockyards, armouries and 2268:Lucas, Henry S. (1960). 2111:Carro, Domenico (2015). 2092:Candiani, Guido (2009). 2064:Candiani, Guido (2003). 2048:Candiani, Guido (2001). 2025:Arbel, Benjamin (2013). 1595:Romanoni, Fabio (2023). 1335: 1285:Capitano contro Uscocchi 1252:Vice Capitano delle Navi 886:). In September 1669, a 712:Mediterranean brigantine 455:galea grossa da merchado 311:(the state barge of the 3561:Capitano delle galeazze 3556:Provveditore all'Armata 3536:Capitano general da Mar 3471:Campaigns against Tunis 3183:1171 War with Byzantium 3014:Scuole Grandi of Venice 1387:Great Council of Venice 1244:Capitano general da Mar 1221:Capitano delle galeazze 1186:Capitano general da Mar 865:galea grossa mercantile 693:With the maturation of 393:, 1580 oil painting by 55: 3965:Naval history of Italy 3960:1796 disestablishments 3787:Sant'Antonio da Padova 3513:Provveditori all'Armar 2840:Magistrato alla Sanità 2795:Provveditori all'Armar 1428:Provveditori all'Armar 1409:Provveditori all'Armar 1309:Capitano della Guardia 1287:("Captain against the 1170: 1128: 1059: 1005: 983: 970: 905: 899: 897:Beflagged galley of a 876:Cretan War (1645–1669) 668:Fall of Constantinople 663: 655: 443:Sack of Constantinople 398: 342:and taking control of 157: 43: 3689:San Lorenzo Zustinian 3161:Byzantine–Norman wars 2866:Conflicts and battles 2830:Magistrato alle pompe 2790:Magistrato alle acque 2755:Correttori alle Leggi 2526:Ottoman–Venetian wars 2491:Venetian–Genoese wars 2225:10.1353/jmh.2007.0204 1869:, pp. 24ff., 47. 1234:("Admiral"), and the 1203:Provveditore d'armata 1183:. In times of war, a 1162: 1141:French First Republic 1123: 1043: 961: 901:Provveditore d'Armata 896: 672:Ottoman–Venetian wars 661: 652:The Battle of Lepanto 650: 526:Venetian–Genoese wars 412:At this great public 389: 364:Byzantine–Norman wars 151: 129:Eastern Mediterranean 87:Industrial Revolution 33: 3831:Bartolomeo Contarini 3779:Madonna della Salute 3518:Savio alla Scrittura 3024:Venetian Renaissance 2780:Camerlenghi di Comun 2572:Domini di Terraferma 2055:(Paper presented at 1415:Savio alla Scrittura 1103:Ottoman Tripolitania 967:Gianfranco Munerotto 569:Crusade of Nicopolis 376:Golden Bull, of 1082 154:Museo Storico Navale 3586:Capitano delle Navi 3054:Accademia Veneziana 3019:Gothic architecture 2750:Avogadoria de Comùn 1898:, pp. 160–161. 1777:, pp. 308–317. 1750:, pp. 128–129. 1714:, pp. 126–127. 1699:, pp. 125–126. 1687:, pp. 124–125. 1426:. It comprised the 1383:Venetian patriciate 1326:governatore di nave 1248:Capitano delle Navi 1240:Capitano delle Navi 1227:Capitano delle Navi 1091:Treaty of Karlowitz 632:battle of Polesella 360:Western Christendom 193:, derived from the 70:Mediterranean world 3713:San Carlo Borromeo 3551:Capitano del Golfo 3257:War of the Straits 3242:Adramyttion (1334) 3198:War of Saint Sabas 3146:Republic of Venice 3071:Carnival of Venice 2770:Lords of the Night 2694:Savi di Terraferma 2689:Savi del Consiglio 2679:Signoria of Venice 2655:promissione ducale 2481:Chrysobull of 1082 2446:Republic of Venice 2245:Renaissance Venice 1988:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1976:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1959:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1947:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1935:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1923:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1867:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1855:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1843:Nani Mocenigo 1935 1448:Pagadori all'Armar 1438:), of provisions ( 1209:Capitano del Golfo 1171: 1135:'s troops. At the 1129: 1060: 971: 963:Return from Levant 906: 772:) with the modern 664: 656: 581:Marshal Boucicault 534:Battle of Chioggia 484:maritime republics 399: 368:Alexios I Komnenos 300:, "horse-carrier") 285:Pietro II Candiano 158: 98:maritime republics 44: 3937: 3936: 3896:Sebastiano Venier 3851:Lodovico Flangini 3814: 3813: 3669:Ships of the line 3605: 3604: 3596:Patron delle Navi 3534:Supreme command: 3503:Arsenal of Venice 3410:29 September 1662 3294:Galeas per montes 3284:Gallipolli (1416) 3105: 3104: 3079: 3078: 2998: 2997: 2913: 2912: 2738:State Inquisitors 2669:Commune of Venice 2622: 2621: 2336:Morrison, John S. 2253:Lane, Frederic C. 2241:Lane, Frederic C. 2203:978-1-139-49816-6 2182:978-90-6013-274-6 2124:978-88-911-9590-6 2103:978-88-95996-20-2 2040:978-90-04-25252-3 1949:, pp. 41–42. 1937:, pp. 5, 23. 1857:, pp. 45–46. 1608:978-88-31365-53-6 1585:, pp. 21–25. 1573:, pp. 19–24. 1561:, pp. 14–18. 1424:British Admiralty 1371:ships of the line 1320:, galeasses by a 1149:Habsburg monarchy 1126:Alexander Kircher 1009:('light fleet'). 928:galea bastardella 880:Kingdom of Candia 823:Battle of Lepanto 557:Argos and Nauplia 503:Battle of Curzola 74:Mediterranean Sea 66:Venetian Republic 16:(Redirected from 3977: 3931: 3876:Benedetto Pesaro 3866:Lazzaro Mocenigo 3826:Vettore Cappello 3803:Scudo Della Fede 3742:San Marco grande 3681:Giove Fulminante 3670: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3508:Savi agli Ordini 3493: 3492: 3483: 3316:Polesella (1509) 3154:Wars and battles 3147: 3141: 3132: 3125: 3118: 3109: 3108: 3097: 3090: 3007: 3006: 2929:Economic history 2922: 2921: 2883:Venetian Arsenal 2861:Military history 2845:Grand chancellor 2788: 2778: 2763: 2745:Council of Forty 2699:Savi agli Ordini 2665:(abolished 1423) 2642: 2631: 2630: 2592:Venetian Albania 2553: 2552: 2543: 2509:Wars in Lombardy 2447: 2438: 2431: 2424: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2404: 2394: 2375:Nicol, Donald M. 2370: 2355: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2283: 2264: 2248: 2236: 2207: 2186: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2156: 2150:. Archived from 2141: 2136:e archivi minori 2128: 2107: 2088: 2070: 2060: 2054: 2044: 2021: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1962: 1956: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1870: 1864: 1858: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1829: 1823: 1804: 1802: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1666: 1660: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1592: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1549:, pp. 8–14. 1544: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1511: 1505: 1456:ducal councillor 1450:), three of the 1440:sopra i biscotti 1403:savi agli ordini 1358: 1355: 1303:, as well as in 1169: 1166: 1145:Venetian Arsenal 1111:Alaouite Morocco 1079:ship of the line 1052:Venetian Arsenal 1022:Lazzaro Mocenigo 1008: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 986: 904: 869:Age of Discovery 596:Hanseatic League 585:Battle of Ankara 542:mothballed fleet 522:magnetic compass 407:Venetian Arsenal 356:balance of power 299: 298: 178:Byzantine Empire 166:Byzantine navies 123:in the northern 96:, and later the 94:Byzantine Empire 83:Venetian Arsenal 41:Francesco Guardi 39:(c. 1766–70) by 21: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3922: 3910: 3871:Pietro Mocenigo 3856:Antonio Grimani 3810: 3809: 3772: 3719: 3705:Leon Trionfante 3668: 3662: 3618: 3601: 3600: 3579:Sailing fleet: 3575: 3545: 3522: 3484: 3475: 3400:4th Dardanelles 3385:3rd Dardanelles 3380:2nd Dardanelles 3375:1st Dardanelles 3267:War of Chioggia 3149: 3145: 3139: 3136: 3106: 3101: 3095: 3088: 3075: 2994: 2909: 2849: 2820:Savi all'eresia 2786: 2776: 2761: 2640: 2618: 2544: 2535: 2450: 2445: 2442: 2402: 2391: 2352: 2289:L'Ateneo Veneto 2280: 2257:Studi Veneziani 2204: 2183: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2139: 2125: 2117:. Youcanprint. 2104: 2068: 2052: 2041: 2004:Anderson, R. C. 1999: 1994: 1990:, pp. 4–5. 1986: 1982: 1974: 1965: 1957: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1873: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1849: 1841: 1832: 1824: 1807: 1799: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1761: 1754: 1746: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1722: 1718: 1710: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1679: 1667: 1663: 1651: 1647: 1639: 1635: 1627: 1623: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1565: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1533: 1529: 1523:Guilmartin 2007 1521: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1464: 1444:alle Artiglerie 1391:Venetian Senate 1379: 1356: 1338: 1167: 1157: 1107:Ottoman Tunisia 1099:Ottoman Algeria 1038: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 956: 810:order of battle 645: 530:War of Chioggia 516:for the single 429:trade convoys. 384: 218:before the wind 146: 121:Venetian Lagoon 117: 111: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3983: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3935: 3934: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3886:Niccolò Pisani 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3861:Pietro Loredan 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3841:Jacopo Dondulo 3838: 3836:Andrea Dandolo 3833: 3828: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3799: 3791: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3762: 3758:Fede Guerriera 3754: 3746: 3738: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3709: 3701: 3693: 3685: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3638:Galea bastarda 3635: 3630: 3624: 3622: 3619:Oared warships 3611: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3549:Galley fleet: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3496:Administration 3490: 3486: 3485: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3407: 3405:27 August 1661 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3330: 3329: 3328: 3318: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3247:Pallene (1344) 3244: 3239: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3225:War of Curzola 3222: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3195: 3193:Constantinople 3190: 3188:Fourth Crusade 3185: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3135: 3134: 3127: 3120: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3092: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3021: 3016: 3010: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2971:Via Argentaria 2965: 2963:Venetian glass 2960: 2959: 2958: 2956:Banco del Giro 2951:Bank of Venice 2948: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2875: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2783: 2782: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2740: 2733:Council of Ten 2730: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2708: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2637: 2635: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2597:Ionian Islands 2594: 2589: 2584: 2574: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2556: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2514:War of Ferrara 2511: 2506: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2486:Fourth Crusade 2483: 2478: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2441: 2440: 2433: 2426: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2395: 2389: 2371: 2356: 2350: 2332: 2323: 2314: 2305: 2303:, pp. 129–169. 2295:(II). Venice. 2291:(in Italian). 2284: 2278: 2265: 2249: 2237: 2219:(3): 649–669. 2208: 2202: 2187: 2181: 2166: 2129: 2123: 2108: 2102: 2089: 2075:(in Italian). 2061: 2045: 2039: 2022: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1980: 1963: 1951: 1939: 1927: 1912: 1910:, p. 161. 1900: 1888: 1886:, p. 160. 1871: 1859: 1847: 1830: 1805: 1797: 1779: 1767: 1765:, p. 308. 1752: 1740: 1738:, p. 128. 1728: 1726:, p. 127. 1716: 1701: 1689: 1677: 1661: 1645: 1643:, p. 248. 1633: 1621: 1607: 1587: 1583:Manfroni 1902a 1575: 1571:Manfroni 1902a 1563: 1559:Manfroni 1902a 1551: 1547:Manfroni 1902a 1539: 1527: 1512: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1479:Manila galleon 1476: 1471: 1463: 1460: 1378: 1377:Administration 1375: 1337: 1334: 1330:nobile di nave 1194:armata sottile 1156: 1153: 1083: 1082: 1075: 1037: 1034: 1006:Armada sottile 979:Habsburg Spain 955: 952: 951: 950: 938: 932:galea bastarda 861: 860: 806:galee sforzate 794:galee sforzate 762: 761: 742:galea bastarda 738: 729: 716: 644: 641: 630:and up to the 628:war of Ferrara 624:duchy of Milan 612: 611: 587:in July 1402. 472: 471: 439:Constantinople 435:Fourth Crusade 383: 380: 328: 327: 321: 316: 301: 288: 277: 264: 257: 242: 241: 226: 225: 210:navis oneraria 202: 145: 142: 138:Ottoman Empire 110: 107: 103:Ottoman Empire 26: 18:Venetian fleet 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3982: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3950:Venetian navy 3948: 3947: 3945: 3932: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3901:Girolamo Zane 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3891:Vettor Pisani 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3881:Andrea Pisani 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3767: 3766:San Spiridion 3763: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3734:Venere Armata 3731: 3729: 3727: 3726:Drago Volante 3723:Second-rate: 3722: 3721: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3633:Galea sottile 3631: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3454:Corfu Channel 3452: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3262:Megara (1359) 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3252:Imbros (1347) 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3113: 3110: 3098: 3093: 3091: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2967:Trade routes 2966: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2904: 2903:Sailing ships 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2878:Venetian navy 2876: 2874: 2873:Venetian army 2871: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2711:Great Council 2709: 2707: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2674:Minor Council 2672: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2475:Pax Nicephori 2472: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2408: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2390:0-521-34157-4 2386: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2357: 2353: 2351:0-85177-554-3 2347: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2188: 2184: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2167: 2157:on 2016-03-04 2153: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2137: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1989: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1960: 1955: 1948: 1943: 1936: 1931: 1925:, p. 42. 1924: 1919: 1917: 1909: 1904: 1897: 1892: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1868: 1863: 1856: 1851: 1845:, p. 23. 1844: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1827: 1826:Da Mosto 1940 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1800: 1798:0-911198-97-0 1794: 1790: 1783: 1776: 1775:Anderson 1952 1771: 1764: 1763:Anderson 1952 1759: 1757: 1749: 1748:Zampieri 2011 1744: 1737: 1736:Zampieri 2011 1732: 1725: 1724:Zampieri 2011 1720: 1713: 1712:Zampieri 2011 1708: 1706: 1698: 1697:Zampieri 2011 1693: 1686: 1685:Zampieri 2011 1681: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1642: 1637: 1630: 1625: 1610: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1591: 1584: 1579: 1572: 1567: 1560: 1555: 1548: 1543: 1537:, p. 42. 1536: 1531: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1198:armata grossa 1195: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1161: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095:Barbary Coast 1092: 1088: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1042: 1033: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1010: 1007: 985: 984:Armada grossa 980: 976: 968: 964: 960: 948: 944: 943: 939: 937: 936:galea sottile 933: 929: 926: 925: 924: 921: 919: 915: 911: 910:naval academy 903: 902: 895: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 841: 836: 835: 834: 832: 828: 824: 819: 817: 816: 811: 807: 803: 799: 798:galley slaves 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 759: 755: 754:galea sottile 751: 747: 746:galea sottile 743: 739: 736: 735: 730: 727: 723: 722: 717: 714: 713: 708: 707: 706: 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 688:ship's stores 685: 681: 675: 673: 669: 660: 653: 649: 640: 637: 633: 629: 626:, during the 625: 621: 617: 609: 605: 601: 600: 599: 597: 593: 588: 586: 582: 578: 573: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 549: 547: 543: 537: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 510: 508: 504: 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 480:Great Council 477: 468: 467:galea sottile 464: 460: 456: 452: 451: 450: 448: 444: 441:and with the 440: 436: 430: 428: 427: 422: 419: 415: 410: 408: 404: 396: 392: 388: 379: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 326: 322: 320: 317: 314: 310: 306: 302: 293: 289: 286: 282: 278: 275: 271: 270: 265: 262: 258: 255: 251: 247: 246: 245: 239: 235: 234:galea sottile 231: 230: 229: 223: 222:support ships 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 200: 199:Mediterranean 196: 192: 188: 184: 183: 182: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 155: 150: 141: 139: 134: 130: 126: 122: 116: 106: 104: 99: 95: 90: 88: 84: 80: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 58: 53: 49: 48:Venetian navy 42: 38: 37: 32: 19: 3802: 3794: 3786: 3778: 3776:Third-rate: 3765: 3757: 3749: 3741: 3733: 3725: 3712: 3704: 3696: 3688: 3680: 3678:First-rate: 3489:Organization 3370:10 July 1651 3345:24 June 1618 3279:Modon (1403) 3138: 3029:Architecture 2976:Via de Zenta 2877: 2684:Full College 2653: 2577:Stato da Màr 2519:Italian Wars 2504:War of Padua 2473: 2406: 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Retrieved 2152:the original 2134: 2113: 2093: 2076: 2072: 2056: 2030: 2008: 1983: 1978:, p. 4. 1961:, p. 3. 1954: 1942: 1930: 1903: 1891: 1862: 1850: 1828:, p. 5. 1788: 1782: 1770: 1743: 1731: 1719: 1692: 1680: 1664: 1648: 1636: 1624: 1612:. Retrieved 1597: 1590: 1578: 1566: 1554: 1542: 1530: 1503: 1468:Genoese navy 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1436:all'Arsenale 1435: 1432:provveditori 1431: 1427: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1380: 1360: 1349: 1347: 1342:conscription 1339: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1292: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1191: 1184: 1174: 1172: 1130: 1084: 1061: 1045: 1026: 1015: 1011: 974: 972: 962: 946: 940: 935: 931: 927: 922: 913: 907: 873: 864: 862: 848: 844: 838: 831:Fanti da Mar 830: 820: 813: 805: 802:alla sensile 801: 793: 785: 781: 778:galee libere 777: 763: 758:galea grossa 757: 753: 745: 741: 732: 725: 719: 710: 692: 679: 676: 665: 651: 619: 613: 589: 574: 550: 538: 518:stern rudder 514:steering oar 511: 507:Genoese navy 498: 496: 473: 466: 458: 454: 446: 437:diverted to 431: 425: 411: 400: 390: 352: 348:Stato da Màr 329: 324: 304: 291: 280: 267: 260: 253: 249: 243: 238:lateen sails 233: 227: 205: 187:nave sottile 186: 159: 118: 91: 56: 47: 45: 34: 3920:Oltremarini 3750:Sant'Andrea 3571:Sopracomito 3527:Naval ranks 3437:6 July 1697 3395:18 May 1657 3360:26 May 1646 3166:Dyrrhachium 1631:, p. . 1510:, p. . 1357: 1542 1322:governatore 1317:sopracomito 1291:") and the 1168: 1780 998:heavy fleet 782:buonavoglia 726:half galley 463:merchantman 172:, later an 3944:Categories 3906:Carlo Zeno 3846:Angelo Emo 3819:Commanders 3643:Brigantine 3442:Samothrace 3417:Morean War 3390:3 May 1657 3355:Cretan War 3208:Settepozzi 2716:Patriciate 2634:Government 2279:0404198155 2175:. De Alk. 2161:2017-11-17 2018:1015099422 1671:, p. 1669:Gould 2011 1655:, p. 1653:Carro 2015 1535:Lucas 1960 1508:Nicol 1988 1496:References 1350:condannati 1348:Convicts ( 1305:Lake Garda 1115:Angelo Emo 1018:Cretan War 845:da mercato 790:conscripts 686:and other 636:Lake Garda 608:forecastle 565:Monemvasia 476:republican 459:da mercato 421:freightage 418:chartering 395:Tintoretto 372:Chrysobull 340:Narentines 274:Greek fire 206:nave tonda 113:See also: 60:) was the 3658:Bucentaur 3591:Almirante 3427:Oinousses 3289:Po (1431) 3176:Buthrotum 3061:Bucentaur 3034:Humanists 2649:Dogaressa 2549:Geography 2233:162353666 2148:889222113 2085:1724-7446 2079:: 89–96. 1908:Lane 1973 1896:Lane 1973 1884:Lane 1973 1367:galeasses 1256:Almirante 1232:Almirante 1036:1718–1797 888:submarine 857:broadside 833:in 1550. 786:zontaroli 770:crossbows 643:1453–1718 592:North Sea 319:fireships 309:Bucentaur 297:ἱππαγωγόν 261:palandria 254:zalandria 250:galandria 214:freeboard 79:chandlers 3653:Galleass 3422:Mytilene 3365:Focchies 3272:Chioggia 3089:Category 3044:Painting 2854:Military 2765:Auditors 2627:Politics 2587:Dalmatia 2565:Sestieri 2467:Timeline 2377:(1988). 2301:Fasc. II 2263:: 15–43. 2006:(1952). 1614:28 April 1462:See also 1454:, and a 1281:capitani 1133:Napoleon 1047:Vittoria 947:gallioni 918:Giudecca 853:gun deck 849:galleass 840:galleass 774:arquebus 756:and the 750:flagship 695:firearms 684:hardtack 577:captains 499:il Golfo 414:shipyard 403:Crusades 344:Dalmatia 292:ippogogo 281:gumbaria 156:, Venice 125:Adriatic 52:Venetian 3930:Commons 3464:Matapan 3338:Lepanto 3326:Preveza 3304:Zonchio 3230:Curzola 3218:Trapani 3143:of the 3003:Culture 2934:Coinage 2918:Economy 2815:Censori 2462:History 2455:History 2297:Fasc. I 1997:Sources 1260:Patrona 1236:Patrona 1072:frigate 1064:sextant 1050:in the 1029:frigate 992: 975:galleon 942:galleon 827:marines 703:chasers 594:by the 561:Durazzo 553:Ottoman 336:Normans 195:trireme 176:of the 131:to the 64:of the 3805:-class 3797:-class 3789:-class 3781:-class 3768:-class 3760:-class 3752:-class 3744:-class 3736:-class 3728:-class 3715:-class 3707:-class 3699:-class 3697:Corona 3691:-class 3683:-class 3628:Dromon 3459:Imbros 3432:Andros 3350:Ragusa 3213:Saseno 2728:Senate 2663:Concio 2602:Cyprus 2582:Istria 2560:Dogado 2449: 2387: 2348: 2276: 2231: 2200: 2179: 2146: 2121: 2100: 2083: 2037: 2016: 1795: 1605: 1430:, the 1289:Uskoks 1275:, the 1238:. The 1139:, the 1109:, and 912:, the 847:, the 721:galiot 699:cannon 620:scaule 563:, and 332:Franks 269:dromon 191:galley 170:vassal 133:Levant 57:Armada 3915:Other 3648:Fusta 3610:Ships 3309:Modon 3171:Corfu 3096:Index 3039:Music 2944:Zecca 2898:Ranks 2721:Zonta 2612:Morea 2607:Crete 2403:(PDF) 2365:[ 2229:S2CID 2155:(PDF) 2140:(PDF) 2069:(PDF) 2053:(PDF) 1336:Crews 1328:, or 1301:Adige 1250:or a 1181:Corfu 884:Crete 882:(now 734:fusta 546:hulks 488:Genoa 374:, or 325:gatto 313:Doges 290:the 162:Roman 3203:Acre 3140:Navy 3066:Flag 2988:Muda 2939:Lira 2644:Doge 2531:Fall 2385:ISBN 2346:ISBN 2274:ISBN 2198:ISBN 2177:ISBN 2144:OCLC 2119:ISBN 2098:ISBN 2081:ISSN 2035:ISBN 2014:OCLC 1803:p. 6 1793:ISBN 1616:2023 1603:ISBN 1452:savi 1299:and 1258:and 1077:The 1070:The 989:lit. 934:and 837:The 768:and 766:bows 740:The 731:The 718:The 709:The 602:The 492:Pisa 490:and 453:The 447:muda 426:muda 334:and 323:the 305:buzo 303:the 279:the 266:the 259:the 252:(or 248:the 232:The 204:The 185:The 174:ally 164:and 62:navy 46:The 2293:XXV 2221:doi 1673:216 1657:107 965:by 604:cog 486:of 3946:: 2405:. 2261:VI 2259:. 2227:. 2217:71 2215:. 2071:. 2029:. 1966:^ 1915:^ 1874:^ 1833:^ 1808:^ 1755:^ 1704:^ 1515:^ 1458:. 1354:c. 1311:. 1297:Po 1165:c. 1117:. 1105:, 1101:, 616:Po 559:, 461:(" 449:. 409:. 378:. 366:, 350:. 140:. 54:: 3131:e 3124:t 3117:v 2437:e 2430:t 2423:v 2393:. 2354:. 2282:. 2235:. 2223:: 2206:. 2185:. 2164:. 2127:. 2106:. 2087:. 2077:I 2043:. 2020:. 1801:. 1675:. 1659:. 1618:. 1525:. 1097:— 1058:. 1001:' 995:' 987:( 760:. 610:. 397:. 315:) 224:. 50:( 20:)

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