121:. The 1992 treaty aims to protect the European archaeological heritage "as a source of European collective memory and as an instrument for historical and scientific study". All remains and objects and any other traces of humankind from past times are considered to be elements of the archaeological heritage. The archaeological heritage shall include structures, constructions, groups of buildings, developed sites, moveable objects, monuments of other kinds as well as their context, whether situated on land or under water." (Art. 1)
836:
729:
1573:
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It is essential that "archaeologists, town and regional planners systematically consult one another" (Art. 5, para. iii) to modify development plans that may have an adverse effect on archaeological heritage (para. iv), saving a considerable amount of time and money. The consultation process can only
396:
set up a committee of experts to monitor the implementation and application of the revised
Convention (Art. 13). This monitoring includes: periodic reports on the situation of archaeological heritage protection policies and the realisation of the Convention’s principles in the States (Art. 13, para.
383:
or private, who is responsible for the concerning development project, has the obligation to allocate funding of any necessary related archaeological activities, such as rescue excavations (Art. 6, para. ii). This means, that public or private development plans should provide funds in the budget for
366:
when feasible". However, that paragraph does not say how this will be done. An option may be to excavate the site and conserve the remains with soil or a special covering afterwards, so that the construction can occur on top of it. The site and its elements are thus partially or fully available for
464:
The revised
Convention shall enter into force six months after the date of the deposit of the instrument of ratification by any signatory State (Art. 14, para. 5). In the process of signing or ratifying the treaty, States may specify/limit the territory to which this revised Convention shall apply
319:. That principle includes that every investigation shall be as minimal as possible in its impact and uncovered findings are proper conserved during or after excavation. Excavations must be under the control of qualified, specially authorised persons (see Art. 3, para ii). In addition, "the use of
213:, which was discovered by archaeological techniques. Therefore, not only artefacts of an archaeological site are of value but "all remains and objects and any other traces of mankind". Furthermore, the article gives examples of elements that are included in its concept of archaeological heritage:
197:
Charter for the
Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage 1990, "archaeological knowledge is based principally on the scientific investigation of the archaeological heritage". Consequentially, destructive as well as non-destructive scientific methods can be carried out with the
358:
Though damage will be caused to some archaeological heritage, important projects are implemented anyway. In that case, emergency excavations should be carried out; and it is necessary that States ensure "sufficient time and resources for an appropriate scientific study of the site" and the
176:
To foster international co-operation and joint action among all
European countries in the field of archaeological resource management by means of developing and exchanging relevant scientific information, technologies and
143:
heritage in Europe. In particular, the revised
Convention focuses on the problem of conservation of archaeological heritage in the face of development projects. Other threats to the archaeological heritage are:
1084:
879:
384:
archaeological survey work and full recording and publication of the findings in the same way that provision is made for environmental impact studies (Art. 6, para. ii b).
359:
publication of its findings are allocated. Article 6 of the revised
Convention gives details about the source of funds for archaeological research and rescue archaeology.
1327:
1849:
272:
of its archaeological heritage and designate protected monuments and areas", which activities are allowed in a protected area are left to the States party;
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1074:
869:
405:, multilateral activities, informing the public (Art. 13, para. ii), or invitations to other States to accede to this Convention (Art. 13, para. iii).
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To promote educational actions and public awareness of the necessity of the protection and investigation of archaeological heritage in Europe; and
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393:
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Implement a "mandatory reporting to the competent authorities" for a finder of a "chance discovery of elements of the archaeological heritage".
465:(Art. 16). Every State party can denounce the revised Convention by notification to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe (Art. 17).
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use of such equipment leads to destruction of context by digging up anything that the machine registers without knowing what it actually is.
401:. Furthermore, the committee of experts may propose measures to improve the implementation of the revised Convention by recommendations for
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In
Article 1 of the revised Convention archaeological heritage is defined. The article aims to emphasise the importance of both protection
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An element of archaeological heritage is given if there is any trace of human existence of the past displaying an interaction with the
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To set standards for funding and archaeological and conservational methods used in studying the “knowledge of the history of mankind”;
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307:. Article 3, paragraph i states that each Party needs to implement a controlled procedure of archaeological activities preventing “
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If excavation works discover elements of archaeological heritage during a project, Article 5, paragraph vii makes provisions for “
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To integrate the conservation and archaeological investigation of archaeological heritage in urban and regional planning policies;
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Article 5 deals with the relationship between the preservation of archaeological heritage and development projects. Each
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and any other detection equipment must be subject to specific prior authorization" (see Art. 3, para ii). Otherwise the
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within Europe. It places the revised
Convention in the framework of activities of the Council of Europe concerning the
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As of 2018, the convention has been ratified by 46 states, which includes 44 Council of Europe member states plus the
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1709:
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Before or simultaneously depositing the ratification to the revised
Convention, the State party must denounce The
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European convention on the protection of the archaeological heritage (revised) (ETS â„– 143) (Russian, English)
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needs to follow a procedure so the treaty can come into effect on the national and international level:
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is "open for signature by the member States of the
Council of Europe and the other States party to the
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To establish a co-operation and consultation processes between archaeologists, and project developers;
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scientific investigation of archaeological heritage as "a source of the European collective memory".
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579:"European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised). Explanatory Report"
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343:(Art. 5, para. i). For example, archaeological sites and their settings shall be considered if
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601:"Archaeological Heritage.The Council of Europe Initiatives and the Valletta Convention (1992)"
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in 2017. The two Council of Europe states that have not signed or ratified the convention are
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648:"The ICAHM Charter. Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage"
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An English copy of the Valletta Treaty, Council of Europe web site, retrieved 7 July 2012
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States are required to arrange public, either on local, regional or national level,
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for archaeological research. In addition, and that is important, the actor, either
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626:"European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised)"
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i). The reports and any other recommendations or proposals are directed to the
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European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (revised)
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European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised)
27:
European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised)
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454:. It is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval" (Art. 14, para. 1).
355:, inventories and maps of archaeological sites" (Art. 7, para. i) available.
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any illicit excavation or removal of elements of the archaeological heritage
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Whether on public or private land, each Party agrees to establish a certain
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In accordance with the Preamble, objectives of the revised Convention are:
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It deals with the protection, preservation and scientific research of
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European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage
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to gain knowledge about the archaeological heritage of Europe.
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are restricted and supervised by the relevant authorities; and
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The Valletta Convention is an international legally binding
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Identification of the heritage and measures for protection
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Control of the application of the (revised) Convention
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Integrated conservation of the archaeological heritage
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Financing of archaeological research and conservation
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571:
569:
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Every State party that is consent to be bound by an
351:be successful, if the State parties make "relevant
1428:Mediterranean Conference Centre (Sacra Infermeria)
472:. The last signatory to ratify the convention was
552:
339:agrees to involve archaeologists in the complete
1591:
691:CoE Treaty Office Website, retrieved 7 July 2012
261:States parties to the revised Convention shall:
408:
399:Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe
394:Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe
1568:†Destroyed, demolished, in ruins or relocated
1850:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
711:
640:
275:“Create archaeological reserves" designating
16:Multilateral treaty of the Council of Europe
198:provision that an excavation is seen as an
718:
704:
618:
182:Definition of the archaeological heritage
367:potential investigations in the future.
1538:Valletta International Baroque Festival
593:
1592:
699:
686:ICOMOS Website, retrieved 7 July 2012
548:Chart of signatures and ratifications
1860:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
1249:Fortifications Interpretation Centre
153:Illicit and unscientific excavations
1610:Treaties entered into force in 1995
1510:Games of the Small States of Europe
279:, in which forms of land use, e.g.
13:
1650:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
954:Circumcision of Our Lord (Jesuits)
834:
313:archaeological resource management
14:
1881:
1865:Historic preservation legislation
669:
347:are required (Art. 5, para. vi).
22:Valletta Treaty (or Malta Treaty)
1572:
1571:
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345:environmental impact assessments
209:and enhancing our knowledge of
1840:Treaties of the United Kingdom
1670:Treaties of the Czech Republic
1269:National Museum of Archaeology
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1:
1695:Treaties of Georgia (country)
1344:Wignacourt Aqueduct fountains
1305:Laparelli and Cassar Monument
534:
514:Cultural resources management
1055:St Mary of Jesus (ta' Ä ieĹĽu)
819:Valletta Summit on Migration
519:Cultural Heritage Management
461:of 1969 (Art. 14, para. 2).
452:European Cultural Convention
437:of the Ratification Document
409:Signatures and ratifications
392:As compliance mechanism the
294:
256:
134:European Cultural Convention
7:
1855:Treaties extended to Jersey
1825:Treaties of North Macedonia
1760:Treaties of the Netherlands
765:Gunpowder factory explosion
504:Archaeological field survey
487:
303:of archaeological work and
10:
1886:
1605:Treaties concluded in 1992
1600:Council of Europe treaties
1156:Courts of Justice building
1735:Treaties of Liechtenstein
1564:
1530:
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1384:
1352:
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813:25th European Film Awards
747:Design and construction (
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247:The context (land or sea)
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84:Secretary General of the
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72:
64:
56:
46:
35:16 January 1992
31:
26:
1870:20th century in Valletta
1710:Treaties of the Holy See
1615:Art and culture treaties
1025:St Dominic (Porto Salvo)
975:Our Lady of Mount Carmel
839:Coat of arms of Valletta
156:Lack of public awareness
1820:Treaties of Switzerland
1490:Valletta FC Futsal Club
1460:Valletta Design Cluster
1433:Old University Building
1328:Siege Bell War Memorial
1070:St Paul's Pro-Cathedral
1790:Treaties of San Marino
1640:Treaties of Azerbaijan
1485:Valletta United W.P.C.
1402:Casa del Commun Tesoro
1376:Upper Barrakka Gardens
1371:Lower Barrakka Gardens
1045:St John's Co-Cathedral
1020:St Catherine monastery
840:
499:Archaeological culture
1740:Treaties of Lithuania
1323:Queen Victoria statue
1015:St Catherine of Italy
838:
777:Rising of the Priests
1805:Treaties of Slovenia
1800:Treaties of Slovakia
1775:Treaties of Portugal
1655:Treaties of Bulgaria
1418:Malta Stock Exchange
1408:Forni della Signoria
1300:Great Siege Monument
1161:Grandmaster's Palace
1030:St Francis of Assisi
965:Our Lady of Damascus
415:international treaty
364:conservation in situ
311:” and assuring that
305:preservation methods
109:, also known as the
1835:Treaties of Ukraine
1780:Treaties of Romania
1750:Treaties of Moldova
1720:Treaties of Ireland
1715:Treaties of Hungary
1700:Treaties of Germany
1685:Treaties of Finland
1680:Treaties of Estonia
1675:Treaties of Denmark
1660:Treaties of Croatia
1645:Treaties of Belgium
1635:Treaties of Austria
1630:Treaties of Armenia
1625:Treaties of Andorra
1620:Treaties of Albania
1500:24th Chess Olympiad
1274:National War Museum
1259:Malta Postal Museum
1197:Archbishop's Palace
1141:Auberge de Provence
1125:Auberge de Castille
1104:Auberge d'Allemagne
1075:St Paul's Shipwreck
985:Our Lady of Victory
949:Christ the Redeemer
771:Muslim slave revolt
754:Francesco Laparelli
221:, walls, groups of
217:Immovable objects:
207:natural environment
115:multilateral treaty
23:
1830:Treaties of Turkey
1815:Treaties of Sweden
1795:Treaties of Serbia
1785:Treaties of Russia
1770:Treaties of Poland
1765:Treaties of Norway
1755:Treaties of Monaco
1730:Treaties of Latvia
1705:Treaties of Greece
1690:Treaties of France
1665:Treaties of Cyprus
1495:Valletta Lions RFC
1254:Lascaris War Rooms
1207:Hostel de Verdelin
1202:Casa Rocca Piccola
1120:Auberge de Bavière
1115:Auberge d'Auvergne
970:Our Lady of Liesse
923:St John's Cavalier
880:St George's Square
841:
529:Rescue archaeology
95:English and French
21:
1810:Treaties of Spain
1745:Treaties of Malta
1725:Treaties of Italy
1587:
1586:
1556:Notarial Archives
1468:
1467:
1439:Royal Opera House
1333:Tritons' Fountain
1318:Ponsonby's Column
1131:Auberge de France
1060:St Mary Magdalene
980:Our Lady of Pilar
918:St James Cavalier
789:Carnival stampede
509:Council of Europe
377:financial support
283:of the soil, and
236:Movable objects:
149:Natural disasters
136:came into force.
130:cultural heritage
119:Council of Europe
99:
98:
86:Council of Europe
1877:
1575:
1574:
1505:Malta Grand Prix
1366:Hastings Gardens
1223:Palazzo Ferreria
1176:Parliament House
1136:Auberge d'Italie
1109:Auberge d'Aragon
928:Saluting Battery
913:Lascaris Battery
885:St John's Square
870:Merchants Street
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441:Entry into Force
315:is applied in a
193:Considering the
111:Malta Convention
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1455:Is-Suq tal-Belt
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1361:Ä nien is-Sultan
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1228:Palazzo Parisio
1192:Admiralty House
1180:
1146:Banca Giuratale
1095:
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937:
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875:Republic Square
865:Republic Street
856:
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801:Valletta Treaty
783:French blockade
759:Girolamo Cassar
749:Jean de Valette
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341:planning policy
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321:metal detectors
301:code of conduct
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103:Valletta Treaty
68:4 ratifications
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1005:St Augustine
908:Fort St Elmo
847:Architecture
800:
795:Sette Giugno
655:. Retrieved
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630:. Retrieved
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608:. Retrieved
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583:. Retrieved
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425:Ratification
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200:ultima ratio
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18:
1551:Manderaggio
1397:Bibliotheca
1151:Castellania
1065:St Nicholas
855:Streets and
785:(1798–1800)
494:Archaeology
285:excavations
281:disturbance
60:25 May 1995
1594:Categories
1166:Main Guard
1094:Government
1010:St Barbara
628:. CoE 1992
606:. CoE 2002
581:. CoE 1992
535:References
482:Montenegro
474:Luxembourg
435:Deposition
429:Acceptance
403:amendments
238:Sculptures
219:Structures
177:expertise.
132:since the
81:Depositary
39:1992-01-16
1288:Monuments
1096:buildings
1085:St Ursula
1035:St George
990:St Andrew
903:City Gate
431:/Approval
421:Signature
325:arbitrary
295:Article 3
270:inventory
257:Article 2
242:artefacts
227:monuments
225:, sites,
223:buildings
65:Condition
57:Effective
1413:La Borsa
1080:St Roque
1040:St James
942:Churches
734:Valletta
488:See also
470:Holy See
92:Language
51:Valletta
47:Location
1353:Gardens
1242:Museums
1185:Palaces
1050:St Lucy
857:Piazzas
741:History
478:Iceland
353:surveys
231:burials
117:of the
113:) is a
73:Parties
37: (
827:(2015)
821:(2015)
815:(2012)
809:(2005)
803:(1992)
797:(1919)
791:(1823)
779:(1775)
773:(1749)
767:(1634)
657:7 July
632:7 July
610:7 July
585:7 July
524:ICOMOS
381:public
244:, etc.
195:ICOMOS
126:treaty
32:Signed
1545:Maori
1531:Other
1473:Sport
1385:Other
825:CHOGM
807:CHOGM
651:(PDF)
604:(PDF)
337:Party
1543:HMS
1520:2003
1515:1993
1264:MUŻA
659:2012
634:2012
612:2012
587:2012
480:and
446:The
233:etc.
101:The
188:and
1596::
554:^
484:.
240:,
229:,
76:45
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761:)
719:e
712:t
705:v
661:.
636:.
614:.
589:.
427:/
41:)
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