Zoning - Knowledge

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continues to expand in its geographical range through its introduction in other urban centres and use in larger political and geographical boundaries. Regional zoning was the next step in increased geographical size of areas under zoning laws. A major difference between urban zoning and regional zoning was that "regional areas consequently seldom bear direct relationship to arbitrary political boundaries". This form of zoning also included rural areas which was counter-intuitive to the theory that zoning was a result of population density. Finally, zoning also expanded again but back to a political boundary again with state zoning.

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primarily composed of homeowners, it is the narrow interests of homeowners to block development because tax rates are lower in rural areas, and taxation is more likely to fall on the median homeowner. Business interests are unable to counteract the homeowners' interests in rural areas because business interests are weaker and business ownership is rarely controlled by people living outside the community. This translates into rural communities that have a tendency to resist development by using density regulations to make business opportunities less attractive. Density zoning regulations in the U.S increase

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the top, followed by commercial and industrial. Residential and commercial buildings are allowed in industrial zones and residential buildings are allowed in commercial zones. More complex hierarchical systems account for multiple levels within categories, such as multiple types of residential buildings in multifamily residential districts. Hierarchical zoning generally fell out of favor in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, with flat zoning becoming more popular, although many municipalities still incorporate some degree of hierarchy in their zoning ordinances.

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planning priorities also may be challenging and often requires extensive ongoing revision to maintain balance between incentive magnitude and value given to developers. Incentive zoning may be most effective in communities with well-established standards and where demand for both land and for specific amenities is high. However, hidden costs may still offset its benefits. Incentive zoning has also been criticized for increasing traffic, reducing natural light, and offering developers larger rewards than those reaped by the public.

1412:(TODs), and scenic corridors. Residential and commercial zones are further subdivided into subclasses defined by density, commercial zones also allow for residential uses, and industrial zones are subdivided by their intensity and the environmental impact of the uses allowed. Regulations on residential, commercial, and industrial zones may differ between municipalities, so one municipality may permit 4-storey buildings on medium-density residential zones, while another may only permit 2-storey buildings. 1882:. Rather than dividing municipal maps into land use zones, English planning law places all development under the control of local and regional governments, effectively abolishing the ability to develop land by-right. However, existing development allows land use by-right as long as the use does not constitute a change in the type of land use. A property owner must apply to change land use type of any existing building, and such changes must be consistent with the local and regional land use plans. 966: 144:, cultural and socio-economic shifts led to the rapid increase in the enforcement and invention of urban regulations. The shifts were informed by a new scientific rationality, the advent of mass production and complex manufacturing, and the subsequent onset of urbanisation. Industry leaving the home reshaped modern cities. The definition of home was tied to the definition of economy, which caused a much greater mixing of uses within the residential quarters of cities. 6764: 5877: 2096:. He claims a strong relationship exists between an area's allowance of building housing at higher density and racial integration between blacks and whites in the United States. The relationship between segregation and density is explained by Rothwell and Massey as the restrictive density zoning producing higher housing prices in white areas and limiting opportunities for people with modest incomes to leave segregated areas. Between 1980 and 2000, 36: 6756: 864: 750: 5903: 503:

options where a property developer can earn points or credits for limiting environmental impacts, including affordable housing units, or providing public amenities. In addition to the menu and points system, there may be additional discretionary criteria included in the review process. Performance zoning may be applied only to a specific type of development, such as housing, and may be combined with a system of use-based districts.

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state known for low zoning regulations, their GDP would increase by 12 percent due to more productive workers and opportunity. Furthermore, critics note that it impedes the ability of those that wish to provide charitable housing from doing so. For example, in 2022, Gloversville's Free Methodist Church in New York wished to provide 40 beds for the homeless population in -4 degree weather and were inhibited from doing so.

75:), they may combine several compatible activities by use, or in the case of form-based zoning, the differing regulations may govern the density, size and shape of allowed buildings whatever their use. The planning rules for each zone determine whether planning permission for a given development may be granted. Zoning may specify a variety of outright and conditional uses of land. It may indicate the size and dimensions of 117:. The ancient walled city was the predecessor for classifying and regulating land, based on use. Outside the city walls were the undesirable functions, which were usually based on noise and smell. The space between the walls is where unsanitary and dangerous activities occurred such as butchering, waste disposal, and brick-firing. Within the walls were civic and religious places, and where the majority of people lived. 1976: 5890: 507:

Performance zoning balances principles of markets and private property rights with environmental protection goals. However, performance zoning can be extremely difficult to implement due to the complexity of preparing an impact study for each project, and can require the supervising authority to exercise a lot of discretion. Performance zoning has not been adopted widely in the US.

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segregation; desegregation is higher in places with more liberal regulations on zoning, allowing the residents to integrate racially. Metropolitan areas that allowed higher density development moved rapidly toward racial integration than their counterparts with strict density limitations. The greater the allowable density, the lower the level of racial segregation.

1215:(called the Town Planning Code), a national law, guides regional and local planning and outlines procedures for obtaining building permits. Unlike England where planners must use their discretion to allow use or building type changes, private development in France is permitted as long as the developer follows the legally-binding regulations. 1175:, otherwise known as town planning, development control or development management, refers to the part of the planning process that is concerned with the regulation and management of changes to land use and development. Planning and zoning have a great political dimension, with governments often criticized for favouring developers; also 1203:). The provinces empowered the municipalities and regions to control the use of land within their boundaries, letting the municipalities establish their own zoning by-laws. There are provisions for control of land use in unorganized areas of the provinces. Provincial tribunals are the ultimate authority for appeals and reviews. 712:), a quasi-judicial process that enables land uses that, because of their special nature, may be suitable only in certain locations, or when arranged or operated in a particular manner. Uses which might be disallowed under current zoning, such as a school or a community center, can be permitted via conditional-use permits. 400:. In contrast to villages and towns, in which many residents know one another, and low-density outer suburbs that attract few visitors, cities and inner city areas have the problem of maintaining order between strangers. This order is maintained when, throughout the day and evening, there are sufficient people present with 677:. These land-based development rights can, in some jurisdictions, be used, unused, sold, or otherwise transferred by the owner of a parcel. These are typically used to transfer development rights from rural areas (sending sites) to urban areas (receiving sites) with more demand and infrastructure to support development. 692:

change would conflict with the policies and objectives of existing land-use plans. Other factors that may be considered in these cases are the size of the parcel, the zoning categories involved, how adjacent properties are zoned and used, and expected benefits and harms to the landowner, neighbors, and community.

1860:; residential, business, industrial, agricultural, and open space zoning. These five categories are further classified into subcategories. The zoning categories are governed by the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act enacted in 2016. To change a land use from one zone to another requires a process of 2361:, Lefcoe, George, "The Regulation of Superstores: The Legality of Zoning Ordinances Emerging from the Skirmishes between Wal-Mart and the United Food and Commercial Workers Union" (April 2005). USC Law, Legal Studies Research Paper No. 05-12; and USC Law and Economics Research Paper No. 05-12. Available at 1380:(DHSUD) and previously by the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), which lays out national zoning guidelines and regulations, and oversees the preparation and implementation of comprehensive land use plans (CLUPs) and zoning ordinances by city and municipal governments under their mandate in the 2100:

occurred faster in areas that did not have strict density regulations than those that did. Rothwell and Massey suggest homeowners and business interests are the two key players in density regulations that emerge from a political economy. They propose that in older states where rural jurisdictions are

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Single-use zoning is used by many municipalities due to its ease of implementation (one set of explicit, prescriptive rules), long-established legal precedent, and familiarity to planners and design professionals. Single-use zoning has been criticized, however, for its lack of flexibility. Separation

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has been introduced. Permitted development rules are largely form-based, but in the absence of zoning, are applied at the national level. Examples include allowing a two-storey extension up to three metres at the rear of a property, extensions up to 50% of the original width at each side, and certain

1848:(URA) through the Master Plan. The Master Plan is a statutory document divided into two sections: the plans and the Written Statement. The plans show the land use zoning allowed across Singapore, while the Written Statement provides a written explanation of the zones available and their allowed uses. 1705:

Some permitted uses are canning plants, rice or corn mills, animal feed mills medicine and pharmaceutical manufacturers, metal and plastic furniture manufacturers, glass factories garments and textile factories, rice mills, flour mills, cigar and cigarette factories, vehicle manufacturers, shipyards,

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Inclusionary zoning refers to policies to increase the number of housing units within a development that are affordable to low and middle-income households. These policies can be mandatory as part of performance zoning or based on voluntary incentives, such as allowing greater density of development.

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Cluster zoning permits residential uses to be clustered more closely together than normally allowed, thereby leaving substantial land area to be devoted to open space. Cluster zoning has been favored for its preservation of open space and reduction in construction and utility costs via consolidation,

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Performance zoning is flexible, logical, and transparent while offering a form of accountability. These qualities are in contrast with the seemingly arbitrary nature of use-based zoning. Performance zoning can also fairly balance a region's environmental and housing needs across local jurisdictions.

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There are a great variety of zoning types, some of which focus on regulating building form and the relation of buildings to the street with mixed uses, known as form-based, others with separating land uses, known as use-based, or a combination thereof. Use-based zoning systems can comprise single-use

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in metropolitan areas by reducing the availability of affordable housing in some jurisdictions; other zoning regulations like school infrastructure regulations and growth controls are also variables associated with higher segregation. With more permissive zoning regulations there are lower levels of

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Single-use zoning takes two forms, flat and hierarchical, also known as cumulative or pyramidal. Under flat zoning, each district is strictly designated for one use. In a simple hierarchical zoning system, districts are organized with residential (the most sensitive and least disruptive category) at

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The plan does not provide specific guidance on what type of buildings will be allowed in a given location, rather it provides general principles for development and goals for the management of urban change. Because planning committees (made up of directly elected local councillors) or in some cases

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Intended primarily for government or civic centers, police and fire stations, government buildings, higher education institutions (college, universities, vocational, technical or trade schools), learning facilities (libraries, training centres), scientific, cultural and academic centres, convention

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and small watercraft manufacturing, printing presses, most electronics factories, medical equipment manufacturing, wooden furniture manufacturing, garments factories, water pumping station, sewage or wastewater treatment plants, and warehouses for non-polluting and non-hazardous products. Areas can

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Environmental activists argue that putting everyday uses out of walking distance of each other leads to an increase in traffic, since people have to own cars in order to live a normal life where their basic human needs are met, and get in their cars and drive to meet their needs throughout the day.

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Pattern zoning is a zoning technique in which a municipality provides licensed, pre-approved building designs, typically with an expedited permitting process. Pattern zoning is used to reduce barriers to housing development, create more affordable housing, reduce burdens on permit-review staff, and

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Floating zones describe a zoning district's characteristics and codify requirements for its establishment, but its location remains unspecified until conditions exist to implement that type of zoning district. When the criteria for implementation of a floating zone are met, the floating zone ceases

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Form-based zoning codes have five main elements: a regulating plan, public standards, building standards, and precise definitions of technical terms. Form-based codes recognize the interrelated nature of all components of land-use planning—zoning, subdivision, and public works—and integrate them to

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Commonly defined single-use districts include: residential, commercial, and industrial. Each category can have a number of sub-categories, for example, within the commercial category there may be separate districts for small retail, large retail, office use, lodging and others, while industrial may

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Some economists claim that zoning laws work against economic efficiency, reduce responsiveness to consumer demands and hinder development in a free economy, as poor zoning restrictions hinder the more efficient usage of a given area. Even without zoning restrictions, a landfill, for example, would

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Contract zoning is a controversial practice in which there is a bilateral agreement between a property owner and a local government to rezone a property in exchange for a commitment from the developer. It typically involves loosening restrictions on how the property can be used. Contract zoning is

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Incentive zoning allows for a high degree of flexibility, but may be complex to administer. The more a proposed development takes advantage of incentive criteria, the more closely it has to be reviewed on a discretionary basis. The initial creation of the incentive structure in order to best serve

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Area designated for use by functional buildings and structures used for utilities, transportation, and other public services. Permitted uses include bus terminals and train stations, ports, airports, power plants, landfills and waste management facilities, weather and climate management stations,

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standard zoning ordinances, the developer negotiates terms with the local government. At best, a PUD provides flexibility to create convenient ways for residents to access commercial and other amenities. In the US, residents of a PUD have an ongoing role in management of the development through a

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The term planned unit development (PUD) can refer either to the regulatory process or to the development itself. A PUD groups multiple compatible land uses within a single unified development. A PUD can be residential, mixed-use, or a larger master-planned community. Rather than being governed by

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Incentive zoning allows property developers to develop land more intensively, such as with greater density or taller buildings, in exchange for providing some public benefits, such as environmental amenities or affordable housing units. The public benefits most often incentivised by US cities are

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Other critics of zoning argue that zoning laws are a disincentive to provide housing which results in an increase in housing costs and a decrease in productive economic output. For example, A 2017 study showed that if all states deregulated their zoning laws only halfway to the level of Texas, a

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Spot zoning is a controversial practice in which a small part of a larger zoning district is rezoned in a way that is not consistent with the community's broader planning process. While a jurisdiction can rezone even a single parcel of land in some cases, spot zoning is often disallowed when the

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Performance zoning, also known as flexible or impact zoning or effects-based planning, was first advocated by Lane Kendig in 1973. It uses performance-based or goal-oriented criteria to establish review parameters for proposed development projects. Performance zoning may use a menu of compliance

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and height (in absolute terms and in relation with adjacent buildings and roads). These controls are intended to allow adequate light and ventilation between buildings and on roads. Instead of single-use zoning, zones are defined by the "most intense" use permitted. Uses of lesser intensity are

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In August 2020, the UK Government published a consultation document called Planning for the Future. The proposals hint at a move toward zoning, with areas given a Growth, Renewal or Protected designation, with the possibility of "sub-areas within each category", although the document does not

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Early zoning practices were subtle and often debated. Some claim the practices started in the 1920s while others suggest the birth of zoning occurred in New York in 1916. Both of these examples for the start of zoning, however, were urban cases. Zoning becomes an increasing legal force as it

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Smart zoning is a broad term that consists of several alternatives to use-based zoning that incorporate information and communication technologies. There are a number of different techniques to accomplish smart zoning. Floating zones, cluster zoning, and planned unit developments (PUDs) are

659:. Overlay zoning has the advantage of providing targeted regulation to address a specific issue, such as a natural hazard, without having to significantly rewrite an existing zoning ordinance. However, development of overlay zoning regulation often requires significant technical expertise. 5080:

Researchers, national and state leaders, and professional and community interest groups argue that regulatory barriers contribute to housing shortages, emphasize that the strictness of land use regulation is correlated with high housing prices, and recommend zoning reform to address the

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elaborate on what the details of these might be. From February to April 2024, they have been running a permitted development consultation with the aim of allowing increased densities, "gentle densification" through the permitted development system, on a national rather than zoned scale.

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Conditional zoning is a legislative process in which site-specific standards and conditions become part of the zoning ordinance at the request of the property owner. The conditions may be more or less restrictive than the standard zoning. Conditional zoning can be considered

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The present zoning scheme used in the Philippines is detailed in the HLURB's Model Zoning Ordinance published in 2014, which outlines 26 basic zone types based on primary usage and building regulations (as defined in the National Building Code), and also includes

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The primary purpose of single-use zoning is to geographically separate uses that are thought to be incompatible. In practice, zoning is also used to prevent new development from interfering with existing uses and/or to preserve the character of a community.

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between conflicting land use zones. Allowed uses are parks and related structures, plant nurseries, agriculture, silviculture and horticulture. No permanent structures are permitted, and any buildings can be only up to a height of 6 meters (20 ft).

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have also been criticized as making work–family balance more difficult to achieve, as greater distances need to be covered in order to integrate the different life domains. These issues are especially acute in the United States, with its high level of

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Fraietta, Philip, Contract & Conditional Zoning Without Romance: A Public Choice Analysis (March 1, 2013). Fordham Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 4, 2013, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2207482 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2207482

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A hybrid zoning code combines two or more approaches, often use-based and form-based zoning. Hybrid zoning can be used to introduce form and design considerations into an existing community's zoning without completely rewriting the zoning ordinance.

1568:, and commercial accommodation (hotels, pension houses, hotel apartments, except motels), and parking buildings permitted. Subdivided into basic R-3 and maximum R-3, with the former having a height limit of three stories and 10 meters (33 ft). 404:. This can be accomplished in successful urban districts that have a great diversity of uses, creating interest and attracting visitors. Jacobs' writings, along with increasing concerns about urban sprawl, are often credited with inspiring the 1717:

Some permitted uses include meat processing plants (except those for ham, bacon, sausages and chicharon) soft drink factories, sugar mills, paper mills, cement factories, chemical plants, steel plants, textile factories, canned fish factories,

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Intended for medium- to high-rise, high-density, and multi-family dwellings such as high-rise residential condominiums. Buildings can be up to 18 stories and a height of 54 meters (177 ft). All uses in R-1 through R-4 zones permitted.

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possible—even as the conventional use-based code exists—or the conventional code may be completely replaced by a smart performance or form-based code, as the city of Miami did in 2019. The incorporation of ICTs to measure metrics such as

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Mandelker, Daniel R., Zoning for Mixed-Use Development (July 14, 2023). 58 Real Property, Trust and Estate Law Journal, Spring 2023, Washington University in St. Louis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 23-07-01, Available at SSRN:

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likely gravitate to cheaper land and not a residential area. Single-use zoning laws can get in the way of creative developments like mixed-use buildings and can even stop harmless activities like yard sales. The Houston example of

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and affordable small-scale commercial properties. In some cases, a municipality purchases design patterns and constructs the properties themselves while in other cases the municipality offers the patterns for private development.

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Fiscal zoning is a controversial practice in which local governments use land use regulation, including zoning, to encourage land uses that generate high tax revenue and exclude uses that place a high demand on public services.

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Form-based or intensity zoning regulates not the type of land use, but the form that land use may take. For instance, form-based zoning in a dense area may insist on low setbacks, high density, and pedestrian accessibility.

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Land intended for agricultural activities, including land cultivation, tree growing, livestock, poultry, fisheries and aquaculture. Subdivided into protection agriculture (agriculture protection zones as designated by the

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factories, oil depots, terminals and refineries, warehouses for highly polluting and hazardous products, and power plants. Areas can have parks or playgrounds. Buildings can be up to a height of 27 meters (89 ft).

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Beyond distinguishing between urban and non-urban land, most ancient cities further classified land types and uses inside their walls. This was practiced in many regions of the world – for example, in China during the

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in 1836 in order to physically separate the city centre from its suburbs. Low density residential areas surround the park, providing a pleasant walk between work in the city within and the family homes outside.

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The mixing of land uses is common throughout the world. Mixed-use zoning has particular relevance in the United States, where it is proposed as a remedy to the problems caused by widespread single-use zoning.

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All water bodies under the jurisdiction of the municipality, as defined in the Fisheries Code (Republic Act 8550), excluding areas designated as protected areas by the national government. Subdivided into

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Use-based zoning, especially single-use zoning, is by far the most common type of zoning in the US, where it is known as Euclidean zoning, after Euclid, Ohio's role in a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case,

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Intended for low- to medium-rise, medium- to high-density, multi-family dwellings. Buildings can be up to twelve stories and a height of 36 meters (118 ft) All uses in R-1 and R-2 zones, residential

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and residential development in a single area, mixed-use zones have been created within some zoning systems. These still use the basic regulatory mechanisms of zoning, excluding incompatible uses such as

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Mixed-use zoning combines residential, commercial, office, and public uses into a single space. Mixed-use zoning can be vertical, within a single building, or horizontal, involving multiple buildings.

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to minor modifications to individual houses. In order to prevent local authorities from being overwhelmed by high volumes of small-scale applications from individual householders, a separate system of

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Transferable development rights, also known as transfer of development credits and transferable development units, are based on the concept that with land ownership comes the right of use of land, or

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controversial and sometimes prohibited because it deviates from the broader planning process and has been considered an illegal bargaining away of the government's police powers to enforce zoning.

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Additional zoning provisions exist that are not their own distinct types of zoning but seek to improve existing varieties through the incorporation of flexible practices and other elements such as

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Kwong, J. W. Y., Lai, L. W. C., Chau, K. W., & Chan, V. N. (2021). A race between urban growth and regulation: An empirical case study on the layout plan. Land Use Policy, 101, Article 105184.

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Area intended for cemeteries or memorial parks, including columbaria, crematoria, and ossuaries. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft), and site subject to DHUSD regulations.

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hangars, warehouses for polluting and hazardous products, paint stores, and large slaughterhouses. Areas can have parks or playgrounds. Buildings can be up to a height of 21 meters (69 ft).

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In Canada, land-use control is a provincial responsibility deriving from the constitutional authority over property and civil rights. This authority had been granted to the provinces under the

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be subdivided into heavy manufacturing, light assembly and warehouse uses. Special districts may also be created for purposes like public facilities, recreational amenities, and green space.

1555:, high schools, technical schools, museums, and libraries permitted. Subdivided into basic R-2 and maximum R-2, with the former having a limit of three stories and 10 meters (33 ft). 1298:

Same permitted uses as Category 2 residential zone with addition of theatres, restaurants, stores and other entertainment facilities with more than 10,000 m of floor area and warehouses.

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The main approaches include use-based, form-based, performance and incentive zoning. There are also several additional zoning provisions used in combination with the main approaches.

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Zoning districts are classified into twelve use zones. Each zone determines a building's shape and permitted uses. A building's shape is controlled by zonal restrictions on allowable

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systems can comprise single-use zones, mixed-use zones—where a compatible group of uses are allowed to co-exist —or a combination of both single- and mixed-use zones in one system.

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Rothwell, Jonathan T. and Massey, Douglas S. (2009) "The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas" Urban Affairs Review. Volume 4, Number 6, pp. 779-806

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planning officers themselves (via delegated decisions) have discretion on each application for development or change of use made, the system is considered a 'discretionary' one.

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Knaap, Gerrit-Jan; Meck, Stuart; Moore, Terry; Parker, Robert (2007). "Do we know regulatory barriers when we see them? An exploration using zoning and development indicators".

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An overlay zone is a zoning district that overlaps one or more zoning districts to address a particular concern or feature of that area, such as wetlands, historic buildings or

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Rothwell, Jonathan T. and Massey, Douglas S. (2010) "Density Zoning and Class Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas" Social Science Quarterly. Volume 91, Issue 5, pp.1123-1141

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All uses in R-3, R-4, R-5, C-1 and C-2 zones allowed, with the addition of regional shopping malls. Buildings can be up to 60 stories and a height of 180 meters (590 ft).

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Intended for low-rise, medium-density, multi-family dwellings. Buildings can be up to five stories and a height of 15 meters (49 ft). All uses in R-1 zones, apartments,

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projects undertaken by the Philippine government or the private sector to house underprivileged citizens and the homeless. Allowed uses defined in Batas Pambansa No. 220.

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centres, hospitals and medical centres, places of worship, seminaries or convents, and embassies/consulates. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft).

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Intended for low-density, neighborhood-scale businesses. All uses in R-1 zones also permitted. Buildings can be up to 3 stories and a height of 10 meters (33 ft).

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Designated for residential with other permitted buildings including shops, offices and hotel buildings with floor areas up to 3,000 m and auto repair shops up to 50 m

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divides land into "zones", each of which has a set of regulations for new development that differs from other zones. Zones may be defined for a single use (e.g.

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rather than allow heritage buildings across the city to be demolished to make way for them, as is often the case in London or New York. The construction of the

4104:, Fordham Law Review, Vol. 76, 2008 Boston Univ. School of Law Working Paper No. 07-12. Downloaded on January 15, 2012, from: Social Science Research Network 1941:

types of outbuildings in the garden, provided that no more than 50% of the land area is built over. These are appropriately sized for a typical three bedroom

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Designated for medium to high-rise residential buildings with hospitals, university buildings and shop buildings with floor areas up to 500 m also permitted.

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An advantage of composite zoning is the ability to create flexible zoning districts for smoother transitions between adjacent properties with different uses.

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Lai, L. W. (2016). “As planning is everything, it is good for something!” A Coasian economic taxonomy of modes of planning. Planning Theory, 15(3), 255-273.

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in 1973 led to an outcry. As a result, two years after its completion the construction of buildings over seven storeys high in the city centre was banned.

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create quality housing designs within a certain neighborhood or jurisdiction. Pattern zoning may also be used to promote certain building types such as

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Single-use zoning is where only one kind of use is allowed per zone, or district. It is also known as exclusionary zoning or, in the United States, as

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zones, mixed-use zones - where a compatible group of uses are allowed to co-exist - or a combination of both single and mixed-use zones in one system.

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and water bodies within the municipality's jurisdiction. Local governments may also add overlays identifying special use zones such as areas prone to

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Intended for parks and recreational facilities like playgrounds, resort complexes, sports facilities, memorials/shrines and open spaces serving as

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Euclidean zoning is the most prevalent form of zoning in the United States, and thus is most familiar to planners and design professionals.

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The United Kingdom does not use zoning as a technique for controlling land use. British land use control began its modern phase after the

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telecommunications facilities, and large complexes for other public services. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft).

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Same as Category 1 residential zone, except karaoke boxes are permitted and there are no longer building size restrictions in this zone.

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Natoli, Salvatore J. (1971) "Zoning and the Development of Urban Land Use Patterns" Economic Geography. Volume 47, Number 2, pp. 171-184

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Whitnall, Gordon (1931) "History of Zoning" Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Volume 155, Part 2, pp.1-14

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Zoning is the most common regulatory urban planning method used by local governments in developed countries. Exceptions include the

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Same as Category 1 Medium and High-rise oriented Residential zone, except shops and office buildings up to 1,500 m are permitted

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permitted in zones where higher intensity uses are permitted but higher intensity uses are not allowed in lower intensity zones.

311: (1926), which established its constitutionality. It has been the dominant system of zoning in North America, especially the 3522:"The Third Place » Montgomery County Needs 'Cookie Cutter' Urban Design to 'bake' a Better Future | MontgomeryPlanning.org" 6315: 6017: 5831: 2045: 1890: 1256:

Designated for low-rise residential buildings with above permitted uses as well as shop buildings with floor area up to 150 m.

832:

with no restriction on particular land use but with other development code shows a combination of private and public planning.

4593: 3470: 1715:

Intended for high-intensity manufacturing or production activities that are usually highly polluting and extremely hazardous.

6327: 6297: 6275: 5221: 3305: 3259: 3151: 3056: 2755: 2499: 2459: 2318: 1401: 5177: 3798: 3771: 6309: 5821: 5113:

Politics, Planning and Housing Supply in Australia, England and Hong Kong (Routledge Research in Planning and Urban Design)

2393: 4196: 3205: 2930: 1331:

Same permitted uses as Commercial zone with addition of factories with some possible danger of environmental degradation.

6351: 6212: 5934: 1429:

Forested areas, subdivided into protection forests and productions forests. Protection forests includes forest reserves,

1035: 5052:"Housing Affordability Crisis and Inequities of Land Use Change: Insights From Cities in the Southern California Region" 4369: 476:

The French planning system is mostly form-based; zones in French cities generally allow many types of uses. The city of

6206: 5846: 5105: 2343: 2219: 1879: 1580:. Buildings can be up to three stories and a height of 10 meters (33 ft) All uses in R-1 and R-2 zones permitted. 1212: 4846: 4408: 3380: 6660: 6007: 5644: 5327: 4754: 3922: 2785: 2527: 1148: 1010: 947: 928: 789: 497: 6382: 2886: 900: 83:

into, or the form and scale of buildings. These guidelines are set in order to guide urban growth and development.

5144:

ZONING 101, originally published in 1993 by the National League of Cities, now available in a Third Edition, 2012.

6453: 1625:

Intended for medium- to high-density business activity complementing or supplementing the city or municipality's

1368:

New Zealand's planning system is grounded in effects-based Performance Zoning under the Resource Management Act.

668: 625:

the form (also known as architectural) component sets standards for building design, such as height and facades;

6728: 6559: 6377: 6367: 5927: 5801: 5781: 5246: 5158:– A searchable database of zoning maps and zoning codes for every county and municipality in the United States. 2132: 885: 771: 5161: 1539:

halls, and local health centers. Buildings can be up to three stories and a height of 10 meters (33 ft).

907: 6496: 6372: 6093: 5907: 1845: 1381: 1039: 618:

Composite zoning is a particular type of hybrid zoning that combines use, form, and site design components:

4036: 3440: 628:

the site design component specifies how buildings are situated on the site, such as setbacks and open space.

458: 6612: 6595: 6549: 6441: 6345: 6241: 5811: 5755: 5360: 1409: 1363: 1063: 656: 622:

the use component establishes how land can be used within a district, as in use-based or functional zoning;

3547:"MRSC - What's Not to Like? – Pre-Approved Plans Offer Faster Permitting, Cheaper Housing, Quality Design" 1068: 6106: 6053: 5760: 5750: 5317: 3811: 2274: 2162: 1970: 1950: 1839: 1309:

Same permitted uses as Quasi-residential zone with addition of auto-repair shops with areas up to 300 m.

1029: 312: 202: 3844: 1535:, local recreational facilities, nurseries and daycares, elementary schools, tutors, places of worship, 914: 6590: 5417: 5307: 4607: 3176: 1921:, which will be granted or refused with reference to the development plan as a material consideration. 1565: 1188: 359: 270: 183: 4498: 516:"mixed-use development, open space conservation, walkability, affordable housing, and public parks." 277:. The boundaries between low density residential, commercial and industrial zones are clearly visible. 6528: 6491: 5365: 5262: 5214: 4828: 2580: 2184: 1626: 339: 4471: 1861: 1247:

Permitted uses within these buildings include small shops, offices and elementary and high schools.

1038:, hence each State or Territory has different zoning rules. Land use zones are generally defined at 6640: 6533: 6511: 6413: 6286: 6012: 5974: 5277: 3572: 1898: 1199:, or land and the improvements constructed thereon that become part of the land itself (in Québec, 896: 582: 4086:

Blöchliger, Hansjörg; Hilber, Christian; Schöni, Olivier; Ehrlich, Maximilian von (7 March 2017).

3002: 6791: 6759: 6718: 6620: 6475: 6460: 6448: 6333: 6002: 5997: 5893: 5559: 5448: 5297: 3666: 1906: 881: 874: 767: 760: 20: 4670: 1827:, heritage/historical sites, tourist accommodation, souvenir shops, and outdoor sports grounds. 6564: 6523: 6516: 6470: 5659: 5619: 5385: 2004: 1342:

Residences and shopping can be constructed but schools, hospitals and hotels are impermissible

1192: 976: 602: 213: 198: 5051: 3038: 1499:

Lands intended for mining. Subdivided into mineral reservations, small-scale mining zones and

6767: 6709: 6554: 6465: 5969: 5720: 5700: 5674: 5664: 5624: 5492: 5453: 5355: 5312: 5302: 5287: 5267: 4235:

Tarnishing the Golden and Empire States: Land-Use Restrictions and the U.S. Economic Slowdown

3983: 2189: 2065: 1937: 1754: 589: 393: 375: 305: 141: 5167: 2801: 6602: 6292: 6264: 6140: 5881: 5634: 5564: 5427: 5370: 5292: 5282: 5272: 5207: 4155: 4064: 3717: 2816: 2110: 2069: 1980: 1762: 1389: 1143: 809: 480:

has used its zoning system to concentrate high-density office buildings in the district of

401: 322:

The application of single-use zoning has led to the distinctive form of many cities in the

260: 179: 137: 1519:

Intended for low-rise, low-density, single-family housing, such as single-detached homes,

473:

define districts based on the community's desired character and intensity of development.

8: 6733: 6506: 6436: 6145: 6088: 5979: 5791: 5614: 5609: 5443: 5348: 5343: 4435: 3939: 2259: 2224: 2209: 2179: 2152: 2147: 1918: 1885:

Development control or planning control is the element of the United Kingdom's system of

1703:

Intended for medium-intensity manufacturing or production activities that are polluting.

843: 641: 175: 164: 102: 5120:

The master plan, with a discussion of the theory of community land planning legislation.

4978:"The Elephant in the Zoning Code: Single Family Zoning in the Housing Supply Discussion" 1320:

Same permitted uses as Neighbourhood commercial zone with addition of public bathhouses

6625: 6607: 6048: 6043: 5841: 5715: 5669: 5649: 5482: 5463: 5405: 5380: 5071: 5032: 4997: 4953: 4928: 4904: 4879: 4307: 3124: 2249: 2244: 2204: 2167: 2097: 2093: 2011: 1598: 1532: 1524: 1296:

Designated primarily residential with introduction of vehicle-related road facilities.

1091: 813: 709: 388:

wrote extensively on the connections between the separation of uses and the failure of

355: 308: 191: 80: 4197:

Fulton, B. (2020, January 12). Houston doesn’t have zoning, but there are workarounds.

1694:

have parks or playgrounds. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft).

265: 6687: 6585: 6501: 6135: 6078: 6038: 5964: 5745: 5554: 5537: 5497: 5422: 5412: 5390: 5375: 5164:– Links to zoning maps and planning commissions of 50 most populous cities in the US. 5137: 5101: 5075: 5036: 5001: 4958: 4909: 4750: 4635: 4557: 4518: 4514: 4280:"Corruption in land-use issues: A crucial challenge for planning theory and practice" 4263: 4105: 3918: 3301: 3255: 3213: 3147: 3116: 3052: 2836: 2781: 2751: 2602: 2548: 2523: 2495: 2488: 2465: 2455: 2362: 2339: 2314: 2234: 1910: 1520: 1158: 485: 248: 242: 148: 3915:

The TDR Handbook: Designing and Implementing Transfer of Development Rights Programs

2733: 1631:

All uses in R-1, R-2, and C-1 zones allowed, with the addition of wholesale stores,

921: 708:

Conditional zoning should not be confused with conditional-use permits (also called

6635: 6408: 5765: 5740: 5639: 5581: 5542: 5502: 5063: 5024: 4989: 4948: 4940: 4899: 4891: 4549: 4510: 4344: 4299: 4291: 4259:"Zoning Officials Stop Church From Opening 40-Bed Shelter in Sub-Zero Temperatures" 4238: 4167: 3799:

Analysis of Zoning Code Best Practices: City of Salisbury, MD – Zoning Code Rewrite

3293: 3247: 3044: 2949: 2828: 2594: 2172: 2157: 1914: 1528: 1487:, lakes, aquaculture zones, commercial fishing zones, municipal fishing zones, and 1468: 1393: 1224: 674: 287: 68: 5067: 5028: 4993: 3355: 2598: 1679:

Intended for light manufacturing or production activities that are non-polluting.

846:. Empirical effectiveness estimates show some zoning approaches can contribute to 573:

although existing residents may often disapprove due to a reduction in lot sizes.

6786: 6655: 6650: 6073: 6063: 5629: 5576: 3085: 2269: 2127: 2092:

that do not occur elsewhere. Jonathan Rothwell has argued that zoning encourages

2023: 1946: 1749:

Intended primarily for social welfare institutions (orphanages, Boys/Girls Town,

1640: 1117: 1078: 721: 452: 445: 187: 156: 114: 44: 3872: 1999:

established the nation's first land-use restrictions for a portion of the city.

988: 197:

However, these planned or ideal cities were static designs embodied in a single

6743: 6068: 6058: 5856: 5836: 5796: 5735: 5517: 5487: 4537: 2137: 2081: 1548: 1397: 1172: 847: 425: 160: 52: 5134:

Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications of American Land-Use Regulation

4580:

Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications of American Land-Use Regulation

4553: 3408: 3285: 3239: 2452:

Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications of American Land-Use Regulation

6780: 6692: 6677: 6403: 5654: 5586: 5571: 5400: 5178:

Schindler's Land Use Page (Michigan State University Extension Land Use Team)

4944: 4895: 4561: 4522: 4380: 3297: 3251: 3217: 3120: 2840: 2832: 2606: 2552: 2483: 2469: 2089: 2000: 1992: 1942: 817: 389: 323: 210: 168: 72: 27: 4977: 2750:(4th ed.). Chapel Hill, NC, USA: UNC School of Government. p. 34. 2720:

Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (SC November 22, 1926).

481: 466: 6738: 6723: 6569: 6428: 6083: 5950: 5826: 5725: 5710: 5684: 5507: 5473: 4962: 4913: 4330: 4207: 4088:

Local taxation, land use regulation, and land use: A survey of the evidence

3641: 2194: 2061: 1945:

property, but must be applied across a wide variety of housing types, from

1750: 1659:. Buildings can be up to 6 stories and a height of 18 meters (59 ft). 804: 541: 405: 292: 130: 126: 122: 60: 5172: 1844:

The framework for governing land uses in Singapore is administered by the

19:

This article is about the land-use planning practice. For other uses, see

6682: 6672: 6185: 6150: 6120: 5851: 5705: 5527: 5522: 5395: 5230: 4279: 2931:"Londoners back limit on skyscrapers as fears for capital's skyline grow" 2857: 2408:

Baurecht und Bauordnung. Architektur, Staatsmedizin und Umwelt bei Vitruv

2239: 2085: 1996: 1954: 1820: 1774: 1758: 1636: 1480: 992: 702: 686: 552: 429: 412: 411:

To accommodate the New Urbanist vision of walkable communities combining

397: 385: 335: 206: 4929:"The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas" 4880:"The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas" 4311: 4303: 4295: 3128: 3104: 3003:"Fall Speaker Series: Using the New Performance Zoning with Lane Kendig" 2894: 2545:

Order before zoning : land use regulation in Los Angeles, 1880-1915

6699: 6630: 6165: 6160: 6125: 5806: 5679: 5098:

Town Planning for Australia (Studies in International Planning History)

4575: 2651: 2447: 1824: 1757:, military installations, prisons and other correctional institutions, 1726: 1682: 1405: 1104: 1034:

The legal framework for land use zoning in Australia is established by

888: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 839: 774: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 545: 416: 343: 64: 4684: 4102:

Women's Place: Urban Planning, Housing Design, and Work-Family Balance

3103:

Yannacone, Victor John; Rahenkamp, John; Cerchione, Angelo J. (1976).

2113:) are associated with reduced affordability and are a major factor in 842:

is a challenge for zoning. Some have argued that zoning laws increase

129:(1500 – 500 BC), and in the military camps that spread throughout the 35: 6704: 6170: 6130: 6033: 5173:

Michigan State University Extension Planning & Zoning information

4234: 3743:"South Bend's Infill Plans Include Pre-Approved Multi-Family Designs" 3144:

Arbitrary lines: how zoning broke the American city and how to fix it

1917:

are formed and the public consulted. Subsequent development requires

1798: 1686: 1651: 1577: 1552: 1472: 331: 3835: 2709: 2581:"Zoning Incentives: Exploring a Market-Based Land Use Planning Tool" 863: 749: 47:. Different urban zoning areas are represented by different colours. 6236: 6115: 5786: 5730: 5532: 5458: 5241: 5183:

Zoning Compliance and Zoning Certification - Analysis and Reporting

4410:

CLUP Guidebook – A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Plan Preparation

4243: 4233:

Herkenhoff, Kyle; Ohanian, Lee; Prescott, Edward (September 2017).

4171: 4109: 3048: 2954: 2366: 2142: 1933: 1894: 1778: 1668:

High-density commercial area forming a city or municipality's CBD.

1632: 1536: 1488: 1476: 1376:

Zoning and land use planning in the Philippines is governed by the

1176: 1130: 564:"to float" and its location is established by a zoning amendment. 152: 76: 16:

Government policy allowing certain uses of land in different places

4538:"Spluma, Zoning and Effective Land Use Management in South Africa" 4009:"A Conditional What? Clarifying Some Confusing Zoning Terminology" 2977: 1351:

Designated for factories. All non-factory uses are impermissible.

6175: 6155: 5187: 2254: 2019: 1929: 1797:

Yard, parks or open spaces intended to serve as a buffer zone or

1720: 1484: 1458:

Intended for integrated farms and processing of harvested crops.

91: 4744: 3441:"Planned Unit Developments: What Real Estate Agents Should Know" 2622:"Zoning Arrived 100 Years Ago. It Changed New York City Forever" 2088:

than other developed countries, and additional problems such as

6190: 6180: 5919: 4622:"Changes to various permitted development rights: consultation" 4184: 2682:"Types of Land Use Zoning | The Geography of Transport Systems" 1975: 1645: 1500: 420: 363: 351: 347: 327: 274: 40: 5199: 4220:"How zoning can restrict, or even prevent, affordable housing" 1307:

Designated for neighbourhood-based daily shopping activities.

6281: 5547: 4582:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 63–71. 4457: 4085: 3812:"Inclusionary Zoning and Mixed-Income Communities | HUD USER" 3086:"Performance Zoning: Shaping Land Development Patterns Today" 2264: 2199: 2109:

Zoning laws that limit the construction of new housing (like

2010:

The constitutionality of zoning ordinances was upheld by the

1781:. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft). 1765:. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft). 1656: 477: 462: 95: 4747:

The architecture student's handbook of professional practice

6645: 5512: 5155: 3102: 2229: 1901:(LPAs) in the United Kingdom. Generally they are the local 1819:

Areas dedicated for tourism activity. Allowed uses include

151:

designed before the advent of zoning. A notable example is

6322:

National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association

5168:

New York City Department of City Planning – Zoning History

4416:. Vol. 3. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. 2014 3327: 1913:. They each use a discretionary "plan-led system" whereby 1269:

Category 2 Medium and High-rise oriented Residential zone

1261:

Category 1 Medium and High-rise oriented Residential Zone

1109:

Sustainable Planning Act 2009 repealed. Planning Act 2016

4438:. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. 26 November 2007 4232: 3495:

Progress, Cydney Baron/Special to the (3 November 2020).

2891:

Planners Web: News & Information for Citizen Planners

2050: 3913:

Nelson, Arthur C.; Pruetz, Rick; Woodruff, Doug (2011).

3838:

Model Transit-Oriented District Overlay Zoning Ordinance

3105:"Impact Zoning: Alternative to Exclusion in the Suburbs" 2394:"Houston Doesn't have zoning, but there are workarounds" 1928:

Planning applications can differ greatly in scale, from

1329:

Designated for light industrial and service facilities.

6253:

Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering

4472:"Ultimate guide to rezoning a property in South Africa" 4377:

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

4123:"The Absurd Primacy of the Automobile in American Life" 3284:

Arif, Hassan; Cole, Roland J.; Cole, Isabel A. (2015),

3238:

Arif, Hassan; Cole, Roland J.; Cole, Isabel A. (2015),

2732:

American Society of Planning Officials. January, 1952.

2380: 2075: 4357:

Australian Urban Planning: New Challenges, New Agendas

4156:"The Choice of the Institutional Framework: A Comment" 2817:"Mixed Use by Default: How the Europeans (Don't) Zone" 2064:, loss of open space, heavy infrastructure costs, and 1527:. Also permitted are home occupations and businesses, 113:

The origins of zoning districts can be traced back to

39:

The Zoning Scheme of the General Spatial Plan for the

4689:

Planetizen - Urban Planning News, Jobs, and Education

3836:

Community Design + Architecture, Inc (29 June 2001).

1378:

Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development

1318:

Designated for banks, cinemas and department stores.

6247:

Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors

5014: 4927:

Rothwell, Jonathan; Massey, Douglas S. (July 2009).

4878:

Rothwell, Jonathan; Massey, Douglas S. (July 2009).

3912: 2522:. S Sonnenschein & Co, reprinted by Dodo Press. 2038: 1991:

rights, state governments may exercise over private

4370:"Introduction to Land use Planning System in Japan" 3693:"Urban infill project targets Kokomo neighborhoods" 3471:"'Pattern zone' enables quality infill development" 3292:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 173–199, 3246:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 173–199, 2414:, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt 1984, S. 259–277. 2018:Among large populated cities in the United States, 5188:Land Policy Institute at Michigan State University 3691:Tribune, George Myers Kokomo (18 September 2018). 3409:"FAQs • What is a Planned Unit Development (PUD)?" 2862:Form-Based Codes Institute at Smart Growth America 2487: 662: 101:Most zoning systems have a procedure for granting 3090:Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications 2748:Introduction to Zoning and Development Regulation 2579:Homsy, George C.; Kang, Ki Eun (2 January 2023). 2410:, in: Heiner Knell, Burkhardt Wesenberg (Hrsg.), 2396:. Rice Kinder Institute for Urban Research. 2020. 2080:The United States suffers from greater levels of 1253:Category 2 Exclusively Low-Rise Residential Zone 1242:Category 1 Exclusively Low-Rise Residential Zone 576: 6778: 4735:272 U.S. 365, 71 L.Ed. 303, 47 S.Ct. 114 (1926). 4237:(Report). National Bureau of Economic Research. 3286:"Experiments with Smart Zoning for Smart Cities" 3240:"Experiments with Smart Zoning for Smart Cities" 3146:. Washington Covelo : Island Press. p. 47. 3040:Urban Stormwater Management in the United States 2296:Urban Stormwater Management in the United States 2026:. Rather, land use is regulated by other means. 812:combined with insufficient or poorly maintained 6231:Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors 4277: 3381:"Residents object to cluster development plans" 2917:"How Paris is betting on mixed-use development" 2885:Madden, Mary; Russell, Joel (5 December 2014). 2734:The Special District — A New Zoning Development 1245:Designated for low-rise residential buildings. 1083:Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 392:projects in New York City. She advocated dense 6270:Construction Management Association of America 4926: 4877: 4847:"What to do about the expanding urban prairie" 4574: 4278:Chiodelli, Francesco; Moroni, Stefano (2015). 2736:, Information Report No. 34. Chicago, IL, USA. 739: 465:, looking toward the high density district of 159:, whose city centre, along with the suburb of 6304:National Association of Women in Construction 5935: 5862:List of housing markets by real estate prices 5215: 5196:, Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 4829:"America's Cities: An 'Urban Crisis' Ignored" 3917:. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. p. 3. 2884: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2513: 2511: 1609:Intended for businesses, trade and services. 973:The examples and perspective in this section 147:Separation between uses is a feature of many 6219:Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association 5056:Journal of the American Planning Association 4864: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4695: 3624:"Metrotrends Demographic Review and Outlook" 3283: 3237: 2586:Journal of the American Planning Association 2442: 2440: 2115:residential segregation in the United States 2016:Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co. 298:Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co. 231: 163:, is surrounded on all sides by a park, the 3468: 2778:The Death and Life of Great American Cities 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 346:, is surrounded by low density residential 5942: 5928: 5902: 5222: 5208: 4499:"A better zoning system for South Africa?" 4185:Zoning is Theft - Jim Fedako - Mises Daily 4137:"Why Did America Give Up on Mass Transit?" 3898:Transfer of Development Rights: Fact Sheet 2764: 2652:"Zoning - GIS Wiki | The GIS Encyclopedia" 2508: 1858:five (5) zoning categories in South Africa 995:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 530:information and communication technologies 6259:Civil Engineering Contractors Association 6225:Associated General Contractors of America 5136:(Cornell University Press, 2014) 245 pp. 5111:Gurran, N., Gallent, N. and Chiu, R.L.H. 5049: 4975: 4952: 4903: 4853: 4745:American Institute of Architects (2017). 4713: 4403: 4401: 4242: 3718:"Residential Plans Library | Roanoke, VA" 2947: 2578: 1874:Development control in the United Kingdom 1135:Land Use Planning and Approvals Act 1993 1011:Learn how and when to remove this message 948:Learn how and when to remove this message 790:Learn how and when to remove this message 6666:List of tallest buildings and structures 6340:Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors 5122:New York: Russell Sage foundation, 1938. 4801: 4464: 3769: 3497:"City forges ahead with zoning overhaul" 3494: 2417: 1974: 705:and can be challenged on those grounds. 523: 457: 264: 34: 6316:National Kitchen & Bath Association 5129:New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1940 4774:"Zoning 101 Frequently Asked Questions" 4654:"Ordinance #9774 Residential Districts" 4359:, Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, 2000. 4326:"How Zoning Laws Exacerbate Inequality" 4039:. Institute for Local Government. 2015. 3896:American Farmland Trust. April, 2008. " 3873:"Overlay Zoning | Planning For Hazards" 3690: 2613: 2542: 1807:Utilities, transportation and services 1191:of 1867 and was carried forward in the 6779: 4398: 4362: 4062: 4058: 4056: 4031: 4029: 4013:Coates’ Canons NC Local Government Law 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3944:Coates’ Canons NC Local Government Law 3908: 3906: 3867: 3865: 3794: 3792: 3765: 3763: 3596: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3403: 3401: 3350: 3348: 3279: 3277: 3206:"The Bulk-for-Benefits Deal in Zoning" 3199: 3197: 3065:from the original on 11 September 2014 2975: 2880: 2878: 2852: 2850: 2775: 2728: 2726: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2619: 2517: 2482: 2313:. Toronto: Thomson. pp. 388–390. 2051:Single-use zoning in the United States 2046:Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. 635: 6328:National Tile Contractors Association 6298:National Association of Home Builders 6276:Construction Specifications Institute 5923: 5203: 4187:. Mises.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-19. 4153: 4006: 3937: 3573:"Save the Suburbs with Pattern Zones" 3570: 3464: 3462: 3203: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3083: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 2976:Commission, Chester County Planning. 2887:"An Introduction to Form-Based Codes" 2745: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2333: 2308: 2298:. National Academy of Sciences. 2009. 1880:Town and Country Planning Act of 1947 1685:production, biscuit factories, boat, 695: 491: 125:(1046 – 256 BC), in India during the 6310:National Fire Protection Association 5889: 4568: 4037:"Zoning and Conditional Use Permits" 3599:""Good Design" Is Making Bad Cities" 3290:Smart Cities as Democratic Ecologies 3244:Smart Cities as Democratic Ecologies 3141: 2978:"Chester County Planning Commission" 2814: 2632:from the original on 1 December 2017 2446: 2383:. Bmvbs.de. Retrieved on 2013-07-19. 2076:Social problems in the United States 959: 886:adding citations to reliable sources 857: 772:adding citations to reliable sources 743: 439: 254: 6352:Society of Construction Arbitrators 6213:American Society of Civil Engineers 4804:"Singling Out Single-Family Zoning" 4535: 4496: 4053: 4026: 3993: 3957: 3903: 3862: 3789: 3760: 3469:Steuteville, Robert (12 May 2020). 3426: 3398: 3373: 3345: 3274: 3194: 2875: 2847: 2746:Owens, David W. (15 January 2014). 2723: 2696: 2669: 1211:In France, the Code of Urbanism or 510: 369: 236: 13: 6207:American Institute of Constructors 5847:Undergraduate real estate programs 5090: 3459: 3320: 3231: 3160: 3020: 2950:"Does Paris need new skyscrapers?" 2559: 2536: 2220:Principles of Intelligent Urbanism 1597:Intended for areas designated for 1511:Intended principally for housing. 1163:Planning and Development Act 2005 715: 358:. Some metropolitan areas such as 315:, since its first implementation. 209:zoning ordinances of 1904 and the 14: 6803: 6661:Lists of buildings and structures 5645:Investment rating for real estate 5192:By Bradley C. Karkkainen (1994). 5149: 5142:Stephani, Carl J. and Marilyn C. 4596:. United Kingdom Planning Portal. 4007:Owens, David (13 November 2012). 3967:Widner, Robert C. (Spring 2001). 3772:"The Five Steps to a Hybrid Code" 3204:Lueck, Thomas J. (23 July 1989). 2710:https://ssrn.com/abstract=4510458 2620:Dunlop, David W. (25 July 2016). 2302: 2039:Types in use in the United States 1867: 1639:, broadcasting and film studios, 1149:Planning and Environment Act 1987 650: 595: 567: 558: 498:Performance-based building design 6763: 6762: 6754: 5949: 5901: 5888: 5876: 5875: 5043: 5008: 4969: 4920: 4871: 4839: 4821: 4795: 4766: 4738: 4729: 4671:"Houston Chronicle, 12-10, 2007" 4515:10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.04.007 4160:The Journal of Law and Economics 3667:"Milwaukee's New Home Catalogue" 2948:Laurenson, John (18 June 2013). 1964: 1897:and new building. There are 421 1086:Local Environmental Plans (LEP) 964: 862: 748: 730: 609: 384:Planning and community activist 6755: 5229: 4749:. Hoboken: Wiley. p. 509. 4704: 4677: 4663: 4646: 4628: 4614: 4600: 4586: 4529: 4497:Nel, Verna (1 September 2016). 4490: 4450: 4428: 4349: 4338: 4318: 4271: 4251: 4226: 4212: 4201: 4190: 4178: 4147: 4129: 4115: 4094: 4079: 4043: 3931: 3890: 3829: 3804: 3735: 3710: 3684: 3659: 3634: 3616: 3597:Grabar, Henry (12 April 2021). 3590: 3571:Petty, Matthew (30 July 2018). 3564: 3539: 3514: 3488: 3328:"Miami21: Your City, Your Plan" 3135: 3096: 3084:Nolon, John (16 October 2002). 3077: 2995: 2969: 2941: 2923: 2919:. JLL website. 24 January 2019. 2909: 2808: 2794: 2739: 2714: 2644: 2494:. University of Chicago Press. 1979:Zoning scheme of the center of 1851: 873:needs additional citations for 759:needs additional citations for 669:Transferable development rights 663:Transferable development rights 535: 6729:Sustainability in construction 6560:Modern methods of construction 5802:Graduate real estate education 5247:Tertiary sector of the economy 5194:Zoning: A Reply To The Critics 5050:Garde, Ajay; Song, Qi (2022). 4594:"Permitted Development Rights" 4536:Nel, Verna (22 October 2015). 4458:"URA Master Plan 2008 website" 4379:. January 2003. Archived from 3976:Planning Commissioners Journal 3177:"Property Topics and Concepts" 2821:Journal of Planning Literature 2476: 2400: 2386: 2371: 2352: 2327: 2288: 2133:Agricultural protection zoning 2022:is unique in having no zoning 1371: 1357: 1304:Neighbourhood commercial zone 1195:. The zoning power relates to 680: 577:Planned unit development (PUD) 1: 6497:Building services engineering 5068:10.1080/01944363.2021.1911673 5029:10.1080/10511482.2007.9521619 4994:10.1080/10511482.2018.1506392 3938:Owens, David (9 March 2011). 3770:Strungys, Arista (May 2008). 3360:American Planning Association 3181:American Planning Association 2599:10.1080/01944363.2022.2050935 2311:Planning Canadian Communities 2281: 1846:Urban Redevelopment Authority 1450:) and production agriculture 1410:transit-oriented developments 1382:Local Government Code of 1991 1285:Category 2 residential zone: 853: 273:, Australia, looking towards 6613:Construction equipment theft 6346:Scottish Building Federation 6242:Construction History Society 5756:Real estate investment trust 5361:Extraterrestrial real estate 2815:Hirt, Sonia (12 July 2012). 2454:. Cornell University Press. 2007:to apply city-wide in 1916. 1833: 1469:fishery refuge and sanctuary 1364:Resource Management Act 1991 1277:Category 1 residential zone 1023: 657:transit-oriented development 7: 6054:Chartered Building Surveyor 6018:Water supply and sanitation 5761:Real property administrator 5751:Real estate investment club 4640:Urban Planning: Los Angeles 3642:"Pattern Zoning in Midtown" 2275:Zoning in the United States 2163:Greenspace (disambiguation) 2120: 1971:Zoning in the United States 1840:Urban planning in Singapore 1030:Urban planning in Australia 991:, discuss the issue on the 740:Effectiveness and Criticism 291:because of a court case in 167:. The park was designed by 10: 6808: 6591:List of building materials 5418:Private equity real estate 4100:Katharine Baird Silbaugh: 2858:"Form-Based Codes Defined" 2543:Kolnick, Kathy A. (2008). 2520:Garden Cities of To-morrow 2338:. Routledge. p. 784. 2060:of uses can contribute to 1968: 1899:Local Planning Authorities 1871: 1837: 1361: 1340:Designated for factories. 1189:British North America Acts 1027: 977:the English-speaking world 719: 684: 666: 639: 580: 539: 495: 443: 373: 258: 240: 184:Garden Cities of To-morrow 108: 25: 18: 6752: 6578: 6542: 6529:Environmental engineering 6492:Architectural engineering 6484: 6427: 6396: 6360: 6199: 6102: 6026: 5990: 5957: 5870: 5774: 5693: 5600: 5472: 5436: 5366:International real estate 5336: 5255: 5237: 4976:Monkkonen, Paavo (2019). 4781:Ohio Department of Health 4608:"Planning for the Future" 4554:10.1007/s12132-015-9265-5 4063:Trager, David G. (1963). 2518:Howard, Ebenezer (1902). 2185:Locally unwanted land use 1887:town and country planning 1627:central business district 1448:Department of Agriculture 1384:(Republic Act No. 7160). 1206: 1182: 366:have several such cores. 350:, characterised by large 232:Main Approaches to Zoning 6534:Geotechnical engineering 6512:Construction engineering 6287:Home Builders Federation 6013:Timeline of architecture 5975:Underground construction 4945:10.1177/1078087409334163 4896:10.1177/1078087409334163 4436:"4.15. Zoning Ordinance" 4284:The Town Planning Review 3843:(Report). Archived from 3501:Claremore Daily Progress 3298:10.1057/9781137377203_12 3252:10.1057/9781137377203_12 2833:10.1177/0885412212451029 2804:. Sustainable City Code. 2412:Vitruv – Kolloquium 1982 2336:Encyclopedia of the City 2029: 2005:first zoning regulations 1218: 1046:to challenge decisions. 583:Planned unit development 338:, in which a very dense 219: 26:Not to be confused with 6719:Real estate development 6621:Construction management 6476:Vernacular architecture 6461:Indigenous architecture 6449:Industrial architecture 6334:Railway Tie Association 5560:Real estate transaction 5449:Real estate development 4849:. Buffalo Rising. 2010. 4802:Infranca, John (2023). 4685:"Zoning Without Zoning" 4476:Glensburg Town Planners 4355:Gleeson B. and Low N., 4222:. PBS. 1 February 2021. 3982:(2): 15. Archived from 3801:. September, 2020. p. 5 3142:Gray, M. Nolan (2022). 2103:residential segregation 1786:Cemetery/memorial park 1635:, malls, supermarkets, 1404:(IPs), heritage zones, 1348:Exclusively industrial 1293:Quasi-residential zone 979:and do not represent a 590:homeowner's association 59:is a method in which a 21:Zoning (disambiguation) 6565:Monocrete construction 6524:Earthquake engineering 6517:Structural engineering 6471:Landscape architecture 6008:Structural engineering 5660:Real estate derivative 5620:Effective gross income 5386:Healthcare real estate 4811:Georgetown Law Journal 4624:. UK Government. 2024. 4610:. HM Government. 2020. 4090:(Report). Paris: OECD. 3969:"Avoiding Spot Zoning" 3877:planningforhazards.com 3526:montgomeryplanning.org 3356:"Cluster Subdivisions" 2982:www.chescoplanning.org 2309:Hodge, Gerald (2014). 1984: 1755:rehabilitation centres 1746:Special institutional 1737:General institutional 1681:Some allowed uses are 1193:Constitution Act, 1982 1040:local government level 1036:States and Territories 803:Single-use zoning and 603:missing middle housing 469: 394:mixed-use developments 360:Minneapolis–Saint Paul 278: 214:1916 Zoning Resolution 48: 6555:Earthbag construction 6466:Interior architecture 5970:Offshore construction 5817:Industry trade groups 5721:Exclusive buyer agent 5675:Real estate valuation 5665:Real estate economics 5625:Gross rent multiplier 5454:Real estate investing 5356:Corporate Real Estate 5017:Housing Policy Debate 4982:Housing Policy Debate 4636:"History of Planning" 4154:Coase, R. H. (1974). 4125:. The Atlantic. 2016. 3940:"Is This Spot Legal?" 2776:Jacobs, Jane (1961). 2334:Caves, R. W. (2004). 2190:Mixed use development 2066:automobile dependency 1978: 1938:permitted development 1770:Parks and recreation 1763:mental health asylums 1122:Development Act 1993 524:Additional Provisions 461: 376:Mixed-use development 268: 169:Colonel William Light 142:Industrial Revolution 38: 6603:Construction bidding 6293:Lighting Association 6265:The Concrete Society 6141:Construction foreman 5635:Highest and best use 5601:Economics, financing 5565:Real estate contract 5459:Real estate flipping 5428:Residential property 5371:Lease administration 5323:United Arab Emirates 5162:Crenex – Zoning Maps 4933:Urban Affairs Review 4884:Urban Affairs Review 4386:on 13 September 2014 3900:." Washington, D.C. 3646:City of Bryan, Texas 3043:. 17 February 2009. 2406:Cornelius Steckner: 2117:by income and race. 2111:single-family zoning 2070:single-family zoning 1981:Tallahassee, Florida 1585:Residential-5 (R-5) 1573:Residential-4 (R-4) 1560:Residential-3 (R-3) 1544:Residential-2 (R-2) 1516:Residential-1 (R-1) 1508:General residential 1058:Land use regulation 989:improve this section 975:deal primarily with 882:improve this article 768:improve this article 261:Single-family zoning 180:garden city movement 138:Age of Enlightenment 6734:Unfinished building 6507:Coastal engineering 6146:Construction worker 6089:Structural engineer 5980:Tunnel construction 5615:Capitalization rate 5610:Asset-based lending 5444:Property management 5349:Commercial building 5344:Commercial property 5100:, Routledge, 2018, 4833:The Huffington Post 4478:. 12 September 2022 4334:. 23 November 2015. 4296:10.3828/tpr.2015.27 4069:Maryland Law Review 3577:Build a Better Burb 2490:The Human Condition 2260:Variance (land use) 2225:Reverse sensitivity 2210:Planning permission 2180:Inclusionary zoning 2153:Fenceline community 2148:Exclusionary zoning 1951:detached properties 1919:planning permission 1712:Industrial-3 (I-3) 1700:Industrial-2 (I-2) 1676:Industrial-1 (I-1) 1665:Commercial-3 (C-3) 1622:Commercial-2 (C-2) 1614:Commercial-1 (C-1) 1606:General commercial 1594:Socialised housing 1213:Code de l’urbanisme 1179:is very prevalent. 1069:Territory Plan 2008 1055:Planning framework 844:economic inequality 710:special-use permits 642:Inclusionary zoning 636:Inclusionary zoning 342:, often containing 176:Sir Ebenezer Howard 165:Adelaide Park Lands 6626:Construction waste 6608:Construction delay 6049:Building officials 6044:Building estimator 5842:Real estate trends 5746:Real estate broker 5716:Chartered Surveyor 5670:Real estate bubble 5650:Mortgage insurance 5483:Adverse possession 5406:Luxury real estate 5381:Garden real estate 5115:, Routledge, 2016. 4267:. 14 January 2022. 4143:. Bloomberg. 2018. 3747:www.planetizen.com 3671:city.milwaukee.gov 3413:www.greenbaywi.gov 3210:The New York Times 2802:"Mixed-Use Zoning" 2381:BMVBS - Startseite 2250:Subdivision (land) 2245:Statutory planning 2205:Non-conforming use 2168:Open space reserve 2098:racial integration 2094:racial segregation 2012:U.S. Supreme Court 1985: 1751:homes for the aged 1599:socialised housing 1533:cottage industries 1402:indigenous peoples 1173:Statutory planning 1052:State / Territory 696:Conditional zoning 492:Performance zoning 486:Montparnasse Tower 470: 402:eyes on the street 279: 192:the Crystal Palace 133:(31 BC – 476 AD). 49: 6774: 6773: 6617:Construction loan 6586:Building material 6502:Civil engineering 6136:Concrete finisher 6079:Quantity surveyor 6039:Building engineer 5965:Home construction 5917: 5916: 5555:Property abstract 5538:Land registration 5498:Concurrent estate 5423:Real estate owned 5413:Off-plan property 5391:Vacation property 5376:Niche real estate 4065:"Contract Zoning" 3722:www.roanokeva.gov 3447:. 17 January 2024 3385:www.candgnews.com 3307:978-1-137-37719-7 3261:978-1-137-37719-7 3153:978-1-64283-254-9 3058:978-0-309-12539-0 3007:CAROLINA PLANNING 2757:978-1-56011-744-5 2684:. 2 December 2017 2501:978-0-226-02598-8 2461:978-0-8014-5305-2 2320:978-0-17-650982-8 2235:Single-use zoning 2068:. In particular, 2014:in the 1926 case 1915:development plans 1911:unitary authority 1831: 1830: 1794:Buffer/greenbelt 1463:Municipal waters 1394:natural disasters 1355: 1354: 1326:Quasi-industrial 1170: 1169: 1166:Planning Schemes 1153:Planning Schemes 1138:Planning Schemes 1125:Development Plan 1112:Planning Schemes 1021: 1020: 1013: 958: 957: 950: 932: 800: 799: 792: 440:Form-based zoning 255:Single-use zoning 249:functional zoning 243:Functional zoning 178:, founder of the 79:that land may be 63:or other tier of 6799: 6766: 6765: 6758: 6757: 6641:Design–bid–build 6409:Construction law 5944: 5937: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5905: 5904: 5892: 5891: 5879: 5878: 5822:Investment firms 5741:Property manager 5640:Home equity loan 5543:Leasehold estate 5503:Conditional sale 5224: 5217: 5210: 5201: 5200: 5084: 5083: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5012: 5006: 5005: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4956: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4907: 4875: 4869: 4866: 4851: 4850: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4808: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4778: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4711: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4415: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4385: 4374: 4366: 4360: 4353: 4347: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4216: 4210: 4205: 4199: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4119: 4113: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4060: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4033: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4004: 3991: 3990: 3989:on 3 March 2024. 3988: 3973: 3964: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3910: 3901: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3869: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3849: 3842: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3776: 3767: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3466: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3437: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3405: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3352: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3201: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3173: 3158: 3157: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3109:The Urban Lawyer 3100: 3094: 3093: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3035: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3013: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2893:. Archived from 2882: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2854: 2845: 2844: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2773: 2762: 2761: 2743: 2737: 2730: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2705: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2678: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2576: 2557: 2556: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2515: 2506: 2505: 2493: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2444: 2415: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2390: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2292: 2173:Urban open space 2158:Form-based codes 1907:district council 1891:local government 1823:, resort areas, 1529:sari-sari stores 1455:Agro-industrial 1415: 1414: 1337:Industrial zone 1315:Commercial zone 1231: 1230: 1225:floor area ratio 1099:Planning Scheme 1073:Land Use Policy 1049: 1048: 1016: 1009: 1005: 1002: 996: 968: 967: 960: 953: 946: 942: 939: 933: 931: 890: 866: 858: 795: 788: 784: 781: 775: 752: 744: 675:land development 511:Incentive zoning 453:Form-based codes 398:walkable streets 370:Mixed-use zoning 288:Euclidean zoning 237:Use-based zoning 6807: 6806: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6796: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6748: 6656:Interior design 6651:Heavy equipment 6574: 6538: 6480: 6423: 6392: 6356: 6195: 6104: 6098: 6074:Project manager 6064:Civil estimator 6022: 5986: 5953: 5948: 5918: 5913: 5866: 5770: 5689: 5630:Hard money loan 5602: 5596: 5577:Rent regulation 5468: 5432: 5332: 5251: 5233: 5228: 5152: 5125:Bassett, E. M. 5096:Taylor, George 5093: 5091:Further reading 5088: 5087: 5048: 5044: 5013: 5009: 4974: 4970: 4925: 4921: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4854: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4806: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4573: 4569: 4534: 4530: 4503:Land Use Policy 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4339: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4276: 4272: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4231: 4227: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4152: 4148: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4112:, see page 1825 4099: 4095: 4084: 4080: 4061: 4054: 4048: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4005: 3994: 3986: 3971: 3965: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3911: 3904: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3871: 3870: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3850:on 3 March 2024 3847: 3840: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3816:www.huduser.gov 3810: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3790: 3779:Zoning Practice 3774: 3768: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3701: 3699: 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3569: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3505: 3503: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3467: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3445:www.nar.realtor 3439: 3438: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3407: 3406: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3354: 3353: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3332:www.miami21.org 3326: 3325: 3321: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3282: 3275: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3202: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3175: 3174: 3161: 3154: 3140: 3136: 3101: 3097: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3059: 3037: 3036: 3021: 3011: 3009: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2946: 2942: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2900: 2898: 2897:on 3 March 2024 2883: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2856: 2855: 2848: 2813: 2809: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2788: 2780:. Bodley Head. 2774: 2765: 2758: 2744: 2740: 2731: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2680: 2679: 2670: 2660: 2658: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2618: 2614: 2577: 2560: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2516: 2509: 2502: 2481: 2477: 2462: 2445: 2418: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2332: 2328: 2321: 2307: 2303: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2270:Zoning district 2128:Activity centre 2123: 2078: 2053: 2041: 2032: 1983:, United States 1973: 1967: 1876: 1870: 1854: 1842: 1836: 1655:factories, and 1641:car dealerships 1549:boarding houses 1435:protected areas 1398:ancestral lands 1374: 1366: 1360: 1221: 1209: 1185: 1032: 1026: 1017: 1006: 1000: 997: 986: 969: 965: 954: 943: 937: 934: 891: 889: 879: 867: 856: 796: 785: 779: 776: 765: 753: 742: 733: 724: 722:Contract zoning 718: 716:Contract zoning 698: 689: 683: 671: 665: 653: 644: 638: 612: 598: 585: 579: 570: 561: 548: 538: 526: 513: 500: 494: 448: 446:Form-based code 442: 378: 372: 269:Aerial view of 263: 257: 245: 239: 234: 222: 188:shopping centre 157:South Australia 136:Throughout the 111: 92:City of Houston 45:North Macedonia 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6805: 6795: 6794: 6792:Urban planning 6789: 6772: 6771: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6744:Urban planning 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6702: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6520: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6499: 6494: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6446: 6445: 6444: 6433: 6431: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6400: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6388:United Kingdom 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6301: 6295: 6290: 6284: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6112: 6110: 6103:Trades workers 6100: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6094:Superintendent 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6069:Clerk of works 6066: 6061: 6059:Civil engineer 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5972: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5947: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5924: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5908:List of topics 5898: 5885: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5857:Urban planning 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5837:Property cycle 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5797:Gentrification 5794: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5736:Moving company 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5557: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5518:Eminent domain 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5488:Chain of title 5485: 5479: 5477: 5476:and regulation 5470: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5328:United Kingdom 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5249: 5244: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5227: 5226: 5219: 5212: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5159: 5151: 5150:External links 5148: 5147: 5146: 5140: 5130: 5123: 5118:Bassett, E.M. 5116: 5109: 5106:978-1138372580 5092: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5042: 5023:(4): 711–749. 5007: 4968: 4939:(6): 779–806. 4919: 4890:(6): 779–806. 4870: 4852: 4838: 4820: 4794: 4765: 4755: 4737: 4728: 4712: 4703: 4694: 4676: 4662: 4645: 4627: 4613: 4599: 4585: 4576:Hirt, Sonia A. 4567: 4528: 4489: 4463: 4449: 4427: 4397: 4361: 4348: 4337: 4317: 4290:(4): 437–455. 4270: 4250: 4244:10.3386/w23790 4225: 4211: 4200: 4189: 4177: 4172:10.1086/466803 4166:(2): 493–496. 4146: 4128: 4114: 4093: 4078: 4052: 4042: 4025: 3992: 3956: 3930: 3923: 3902: 3889: 3861: 3828: 3803: 3788: 3759: 3734: 3709: 3697:Kokomo Tribune 3683: 3658: 3633: 3615: 3603:Slate Magazine 3589: 3563: 3538: 3513: 3487: 3458: 3425: 3397: 3372: 3344: 3319: 3306: 3273: 3260: 3230: 3193: 3159: 3152: 3134: 3115:(3): 417–448. 3095: 3076: 3057: 3049:10.17226/12465 3019: 2994: 2968: 2940: 2922: 2908: 2874: 2846: 2827:(4): 375–393. 2807: 2793: 2786: 2763: 2756: 2738: 2722: 2713: 2695: 2668: 2643: 2626:New York Times 2612: 2558: 2535: 2528: 2507: 2500: 2484:Arendt, Hannah 2475: 2460: 2448:Hirt, Sonia A. 2416: 2399: 2385: 2370: 2351: 2345:978-0415862875 2344: 2326: 2319: 2301: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2138:Context theory 2135: 2130: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2090:urban prairies 2082:deurbanization 2077: 2074: 2052: 2049: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2028: 1969:Main article: 1966: 1963: 1947:small terraces 1889:through which 1872:Main article: 1869: 1868:United Kingdom 1866: 1853: 1850: 1838:Main article: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1633:public markets 1623: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1431:national parks 1427: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1373: 1370: 1362:Main article: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1220: 1217: 1208: 1205: 1184: 1181: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1028:Main article: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1018: 983:of the subject 981:worldwide view 972: 970: 963: 956: 955: 870: 868: 861: 855: 852: 848:housing crisis 830:private zoning 798: 797: 756: 754: 747: 741: 738: 732: 729: 720:Main article: 717: 714: 697: 694: 685:Main article: 682: 679: 667:Main article: 664: 661: 652: 651:Overlay zoning 649: 640:Main article: 637: 634: 630: 629: 626: 623: 611: 608: 597: 596:Pattern zoning 594: 581:Main article: 578: 575: 569: 568:Cluster zoning 566: 560: 559:Floating zones 557: 537: 534: 525: 522: 512: 509: 493: 490: 444:Main article: 441: 438: 426:heavy industry 371: 368: 256: 253: 241:Main article: 238: 235: 233: 230: 221: 218: 161:North Adelaide 149:planned cities 110: 107: 88:United Kingdom 53:urban planning 41:City of Skopje 28:Building codes 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6804: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6769: 6761: 6751: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6678:Megastructure 6676: 6674: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6577: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6404:Building code 6402: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200:Organizations 6198: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6101: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5938: 5933: 5931: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5910: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5655:Mortgage loan 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603:and valuation 5599: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5587:Torrens title 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5572:Real property 5570: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5401:Golf property 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5225: 5220: 5218: 5213: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5202: 5195: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5139: 5138:online review 5135: 5132:Hirt, Sonia. 5131: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4848: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4782: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4758: 4756:9781118738955 4752: 4748: 4741: 4732: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4707: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4672: 4666: 4655: 4649: 4641: 4637: 4631: 4623: 4617: 4609: 4603: 4595: 4589: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4493: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4459: 4453: 4437: 4431: 4412: 4411: 4404: 4402: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4365: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4341: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4266: 4265: 4260: 4254: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4204: 4198: 4193: 4186: 4181: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4142: 4141:Bloomberg.com 4138: 4132: 4124: 4118: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4089: 4082: 4075:(2): 121–155. 4074: 4070: 4066: 4059: 4057: 4046: 4038: 4032: 4030: 4014: 4010: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3961: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3926: 3924:9781610911597 3920: 3916: 3909: 3907: 3899: 3893: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3866: 3846: 3839: 3832: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3800: 3795: 3793: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3766: 3764: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3578: 3574: 3567: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3527: 3523: 3517: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3476: 3472: 3465: 3463: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3402: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3349: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3278: 3263: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3200: 3198: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3155: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3080: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2983: 2979: 2972: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2918: 2912: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2881: 2879: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2851: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2803: 2797: 2789: 2787:9781847926180 2783: 2779: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2759: 2753: 2749: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2727: 2717: 2711: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2683: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2539: 2531: 2529:9781409950318 2525: 2521: 2514: 2512: 2503: 2497: 2492: 2491: 2485: 2479: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2395: 2389: 2382: 2374: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2347: 2341: 2337: 2330: 2322: 2316: 2312: 2305: 2297: 2291: 2287: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2036: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2002: 2001:New York City 1998: 1994: 1993:real property 1990: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1965:United States 1962: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1943:semi-detached 1939: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1849: 1847: 1841: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1722: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1579: 1576:Intended for 1575: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1531:, home-based 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1496:Mineral land 1495: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1390:public domain 1385: 1383: 1379: 1369: 1365: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1216: 1214: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1197:real property 1194: 1190: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1096:Planning Act 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1031: 1015: 1012: 1004: 994: 990: 984: 982: 978: 971: 962: 961: 952: 949: 941: 930: 927: 923: 920: 916: 913: 909: 906: 902: 899: – 898: 894: 893:Find sources: 887: 883: 877: 876: 871:This section 869: 865: 860: 859: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 831: 827: 821: 819: 815: 811: 806: 794: 791: 783: 780:December 2020 773: 769: 763: 762: 757:This section 755: 751: 746: 745: 737: 731:Fiscal zoning 728: 723: 713: 711: 706: 704: 693: 688: 678: 676: 670: 660: 658: 648: 643: 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5827:Land banking 5726:Land banking 5711:Buyer broker 5685:Rental value 5591: 5508:Conveyancing 5318:Saudi Arabia 5143: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5112: 5097: 5079: 5062:(1): 67–82. 5059: 5055: 5045: 5020: 5016: 5010: 4988:(1): 41–43. 4985: 4981: 4971: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4841: 4832: 4823: 4814: 4810: 4797: 4785:. 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