42:
1239:
parts, which are therefore invisible. The Vaiśeṣikas visualized the smallest composite thing as a "triad" (tryaṇuka) with three parts, each part with a "dyad" (dyaṇuka). Vaiśeṣikas believed that a dyad has two parts, each of which is an atom. Size, form, truths and everything that human beings experience as a whole is a function of parmanus, their number and their spatial arrangements.
1376:(प्रत्यक्ष) means perception. It is of two types: external and internal. External perception is described as that arising from the interaction of five senses and worldly objects, while internal perception is described by this school as that of inner sense, the mind. The ancient and medieval texts of Hinduism identify four requirements for correct perception:
1178:), and one's experiences are derived from the interplay of substance (a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements), quality, activity, commonness, particularity and inherence. Everything was composed of atoms, qualities emerged from aggregates of atoms, but the aggregation and nature of these atoms was predetermined by cosmic forces.
1396:(definite; correct perception excludes judgments of doubt, either because of one's failure to observe all the details, or because one is mixing inference with observation and observing what one wants to observe, or not observing what one does not want to observe). Some ancient scholars proposed "unusual perception" as
1155:, accepted only two reliable means to knowledge: direct observation and inference. The Vaiśeṣika school and Buddhism both consider their respective scriptures as indisputable and valid means to knowledge, the difference being that the scriptures held to be a valid and reliable source by Vaiśeṣikas were the
1238:
and composite. A paramāṇu is that which is indestructible, indivisible, and has a special kind of dimension, called "small" (aṇu). A composite is that which is divisible into paramāṇu. Whatever human beings perceive is composite, and even the smallest perceptible thing, namely, a fleck of dust, has
1211:
of
Hinduism, the two became similar and are often studied together. In its classical form, however, the Vaiśeṣika school differed from the Nyāya in one crucial respect: where Nyāya accepted four sources of valid knowledge, the Vaiśeṣika accepted only two.
2206:) is an indestructible particle of matter. The atom is indivisible because it is a state at which no measurement can be attributed. They used invariance arguments to determine properties of the atoms. It also stated that
1432:(अनुमान) means inference. It is described as reaching a new conclusion and truth from one or more observations and previous truths by applying reason. Observing smoke and inferring fire is an example of
1412:(a form of perception of prior processes and previous states of a 'topic of study' by observing its current state). Further, the texts considered and refined rules of accepting uncertain knowledge from
1140:
with its own metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and soteriology. Over time, the Vaiśeṣika system became similar in its philosophical procedures, ethical conclusions and soteriology to the
1367:) as reliable means of valid knowledge. Yoga accepts the first three of these six as pramāṇa; and the Nyaya school, related to Vaiśeṣika, accepts the first four out of these six.
2169:
defined it as the relationship existing between the substances that are inseparable, standing to one another in the relation of the container and the contained. The relation of
1392:(does not wander; correct perception does not change, nor is it the result of deception because one's sensory organ or means of observation is drifting, defective, suspect) and
2213:
They postulated four different kinds of atoms: two with mass, and two without. Each substance is supposed to consist of all four kinds of atoms. Atoms can be combined into
1436:. In all except one Hindu philosophies, this is a valid and useful means to knowledge. The method of inference is explained by Indian texts as consisting of three parts:
2065:
s (qualities) have no separate existence, they belong to the substances. But while a quality is a permanent feature of a substance, an activity is a transient one.
2711:
Karl Potter (1977), Meaning and Truth, in
Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 2, Princeton University Press, Reprinted in 1995 by Motilal Banarsidass,
2694:
Karl Potter (1977), Meaning and Truth, in
Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 2, Princeton University Press, Reprinted in 1995 by Motilal Banarsidass,
2677:
Karl Potter (1977), Meaning and Truth, in
Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 2, Princeton University Press, Reprinted in 1995 by Motilal Banarsidass,
3084:
Gopi
Kaviraj (1961), Gleanings from the history and bibliography of the Nyaya-Vaisesika literature, Indian Studies: Past & Present, Volume 2, Number 4,
2105:(generality): Since there are plurality of substances, there will be relations among them. When a property is found common to many substances, it is called
1234:, that the reality is composed of five substances (examples are earth, water, air, fire, and space). Each of these five are of two types, explains Ganeri:
1079:
1468:(negative examples as counter-evidence) are absent. For rigor, the Indian philosophies also state further epistemic steps. For example, they demand
2456:
4106:
3259:
2584:
1708:
s (literal meaning: the meaning of a word), the objects of experience. All objects of experience can be classified into six categories,
1062:
2790:
Monier
Williams (1893), Indian Wisdom - Religious, Philosophical and Ethical Doctrines of the Hindus, Luzac & Co, London, page 61
4201:
1188:
According to the Vaiśeṣika school, knowledge and liberation were achievable by a complete understanding of the world of experience.
2597:
P Bilimoria (1993), Pramāṇa epistemology: Some recent developments, in Asian philosophy - Volume 7 (Editor: G Floistad), Springer,
2392:
John A. Grimes, A Concise
Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English, State University of New York Press,
1388:, according to ancient Indian scholars, where one's sensory organ relies on accepting or rejecting someone else's perception),
4466:
3200:
3179:
3158:
3127:
3106:
3027:
2602:
2504:
2436:
2362:
3232:
1400:
and called it internal perception, a proposal contested by other Indian scholars. The internal perception concepts included
4487:
3071:
2663:
2622:
2571:
2555:
2538:
2486:
2416:
2397:
2386:
3141:
3046:
3008:
2779:
2762:
2733:
2716:
2699:
2682:
2131:, we are able to perceive substances as different from one another. As the ultimate atoms are innumerable so are the
1855:
s, the substances having some specific qualities so that they could be perceived by one or the other external senses.
680:
4517:
3667:
3252:
2649:
MM Kamal (1998), The
Epistemology of the Carvaka Philosophy, Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies, 46(2): 13-16
2381:
Eliot
Deutsch (2000), in Philosophy of Religion : Indian Philosophy Vol 4 (Editor: Roy Perrett), Routledge,
3307:
2431:
Kak, S. 'Matter and Mind: The
Vaisheshika Sutra of Kanada' (2016), Mount Meru Publishing, Mississauga, Ontario,
3599:
1055:
2244:. It is eternal and it cannot generate the measure of any other substance. Its measure is its own absolutely.
4301:
2550:
J Ganeri (2012), The Self: Naturalism, Consciousness, and the First-Person Stance, Oxford University Press,
4401:
4000:
1448:(examples). The hypothesis must further be broken down into two parts, state the ancient Indian scholars:
1585:, this treatise is basically an independent work on the subject. The next Vaisheshika treatise, Candra’s
3880:
2757:
James Lochtefeld, "Anumana" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing.
1291:, in his work 'Ṣaḍdarśanasamuccaya' describes the followers of Vaiśeṣika as worshippers of Pashupati or
3970:
3865:
3245:
3216:
2935:
1776:(which can perceived) and they have real objective existence. The last three categories are defined as
990:
619:
263:
3825:
412:
4507:
4146:
3732:
3302:
1048:
3786:
3769:
3366:
2289:
956:
951:
715:
3830:
4046:
4026:
3716:
3408:
2658:
B Matilal (1992), Perception: An Essay in Indian Theories of Knowledge, Oxford University Press,
1163:
665:
112:
49:
1170:
in natural philosophy. It postulated that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to
4326:
4291:
3727:
3452:
2453:
2309:
1698:
According to the Vaisheshika school, all things that exist, that can be cognized and named are
3743:
2337:
2332:
Amita Chatterjee (2011), Nyāya-vaiśeṣika Philosophy, The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy,
4502:
3504:
554:
534:
242:
235:
2357:
DPS Bhawuk (2011), Spirituality and Indian Psychology (Editor: Anthony Marsella), Springer,
2304:
3890:
2314:
1597:’s treatise is available only in Chinese translation. The earliest commentary available on
1476:(reason) must necessarily and separately account for the inference in "all" cases, in both
941:
879:
544:
3546:
1380:(direct experience by one's sensory organ(s) with the object, whatever is being studied),
8:
4236:
4176:
3950:
3524:
3448:
3282:
2253:
387:
4111:
3845:
3371:
2177:
is not perceivable but only inferable from the inseparable connection of the substances.
443:
397:
91:
3750:
3561:
3391:
2101:
293:
4492:
4091:
3761:
3594:
884:
4141:
4121:
4076:
3945:
3722:
3698:
3691:
3268:
3196:
3175:
3154:
3137:
3123:
3102:
3085:
3075:
3067:
3042:
3023:
3004:
2775:
2758:
2729:
2712:
2695:
2678:
2659:
2618:
2598:
2567:
2551:
2534:
2482:
2432:
2412:
2393:
2382:
2358:
1881:
added another 7. While a substance is capable of existing independently by itself, a
1573:(c. 4th century) is the next important work of this school. Though commonly known as
1522:
1121:
1036:
975:
946:
705:
377:
70:
25:
4406:
3441:
4497:
4346:
3980:
3915:
3703:
3637:
3566:
3347:
3339:
2333:
2258:
1129:
1085:
903:
599:
589:
279:
256:
179:
33:
3925:
2774:
Karl Potter (2002), Presuppositions of India's Philosophies, Motilal Banarsidass,
4296:
4166:
4041:
3940:
3616:
3534:
3509:
3431:
3190:
3169:
3148:
3117:
3096:
3063:
2728:
W Halbfass (1991), Tradition and Reflection, State University of New York Press,
2460:
1144:
school of Hinduism, but retained its difference in epistemology and metaphysics.
569:
458:
427:
214:
189:
4386:
3457:
1219:
of Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism accepted only two reliable means to knowledge –
4512:
4371:
4321:
4311:
3960:
3855:
3737:
3680:
3650:
3519:
3292:
2279:
2225:(dyad)before they aggregate into bodies of a kind that can be perceived. Each
1260:(substance: a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements),
1009:
564:
483:
473:
382:
221:
4356:
3541:
3472:
1305:
4481:
3820:
3793:
3656:
3643:
3630:
3584:
3529:
1560:
1000:
936:
931:
898:
777:
710:
685:
670:
660:
514:
337:
321:
228:
3398:
2284:
1196:
1185:
included a theory of atoms which was later adapted in the Vaiśeṣika school.
773:
417:
4366:
4266:
4251:
3985:
3815:
3623:
3556:
3436:
3416:
3297:
1310:
1216:
1179:
1148:
980:
629:
494:
448:
286:
133:
3386:
3079:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2193:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2142:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2106:
2086:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2040:
2032:
2006:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1792:
1784:(product of intellectual discrimination) and they are logical categories.
1777:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1713:
1699:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1508:
1498:
1356:
1342:
1253:
is essentially "the most distant or last small (i.e. smallest) particle".
4446:
4336:
4316:
4086:
3910:
3870:
3860:
3662:
3477:
3089:
2909:
2614:
1182:
908:
863:
816:
695:
579:
504:
329:
307:
249:
197:
4281:
3222:
2566:
M Hiriyanna (1993), Outlines of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass,
2299:
2274:
1702:
1541:). This treatise is divided into ten books. The two commentaries on the
4396:
4376:
4286:
4241:
4216:
4156:
4151:
4101:
4021:
3995:
3930:
3756:
3709:
3514:
3462:
1352:
1288:
1220:
1137:
985:
871:
499:
207:
3686:
3098:
Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism
1521:
The earliest systematic exposition of the Vaisheshika is found in the
1192:
4421:
4256:
4081:
4056:
3975:
3935:
3920:
3875:
3673:
3467:
2942:(Winter 2022 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1364:
1224:
995:
853:
757:
675:
609:
438:
300:
3421:
3237:
154:
4416:
4306:
4246:
4196:
4191:
4036:
4031:
3990:
3955:
3905:
3840:
3835:
3589:
3426:
3227:
2263:
1859:
1408:(a form of induction from perceived specifics to a universal), and
1284:
1152:
1031:
858:
793:
647:
524:
468:
271:
140:
126:
4426:
2511:
1504:
826:
4436:
4431:
4411:
4351:
4341:
4331:
4271:
4221:
4211:
4136:
4126:
4116:
4061:
3895:
3775:
3499:
3376:
3351:
3287:
2934:
Berryman, Sylvia (2022), Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.),
2294:
1385:
1231:
1167:
970:
963:
918:
848:
786:
734:
407:
356:
147:
98:
63:
4161:
4441:
4391:
4381:
4276:
4261:
4181:
4171:
4131:
4071:
4066:
4051:
4016:
3965:
3885:
3551:
3381:
3322:
3219:
English translation by Nandalal Sinha, 1923 (includes glossary)
1768:
1256:
Vaiśeṣika postulated that what one experiences is derived from
1207:
Although the Vaiśeṣika system developed independently from the
831:
741:
642:
4456:
4451:
4361:
4231:
4186:
4096:
3900:
3850:
3799:
3780:
3356:
3317:
3167:
3136:
Kak, Subhash: Matter and Mind: The Vaiśeṣika Sūtra of Kaṇāda
2411:
Dale Riepe (1996), Naturalistic Tradition in Indian Thought,
2268:
2051:
1292:
1208:
1156:
1141:
1133:
1017:
922:
840:
367:
77:
4461:
4226:
4206:
3312:
2617:, An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press,
2203:
1772:(non-existence). The first three categories are defined as
1175:
1112:
1100:
1091:
750:
314:
1103:
1097:
2210:
can have two states—absolute rest and a state of motion.
1106:
2492:
1329:"(word, testimony of past or present reliable experts),
1136:. In its early stages, the Vaiśeṣika was an independent
1460:
is predicated). The inference is conditionally true if
41:
1959:
1280:(inherence, inseparable connectedness of everything).
2585:"Shad Darshan Samucchaya, by Acharya Haribhadra Suri"
1341:(non-perception, negative/cognitive proof). Of these
1109:
1657:
which also belongs to the same period, presents the
1464:(positive examples as evidence) are present, and if
1313:
reliable means to accurate knowledge and to truths:
1088:
2163:as the relation between the cause and the effect.
1452:(that idea which needs to proven or disproven) and
1094:
3094:
2517:
1791:(substance): There are nine substances. They are,
1337:(postulation, derivation from circumstances), and
1245:means "most distant, remotest, extreme, last" and
1162:The Vaiśeṣika school is known for its insights in
4479:
3064:A History of Indian Literature - Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika
1615:(8th century). The other three commentaries are
1484:. A conditionally proven hypothesis is called a
1384:(non-verbal; correct perception is not through
3171:Hegel's Philosophy of the Historical Religions
2998:
2959:
2915:. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
2835:
2634:
2240:The measure of the partless atoms is known as
3253:
3036:
2971:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2823:
2811:
2799:
2463:J Ganeri, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1690:
1513:to the 5 members of syllogism are different.
1056:
1283:The followers of this philosophy are mostly
3115:
2454:Analytical philosophy in early modern India
2375:
2373:
2371:
1887:(quality) cannot exist so. The original 17
1507:school of Hinduism, but the names given by
3260:
3246:
1151:of the Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism, like
1063:
1049:
3217:Vaisheshika-sutra with three commentaries
3001:Indian Philosophy: A Popular Introduction
2907:
2753:
2751:
2503:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBasham1951 (
2449:
2447:
2445:
2093:(self), though substances, are devoid of
1249:means "atom, very small particle", hence
3168:Bart Labuschagne; Timo Slootweg (2012).
3150:Naturalistic Tradition in Indian Thought
3017:
3003:, People’s Publishing House, New Delhi,
2983:
2933:
2673:
2671:
2645:
2643:
2368:
3119:Physics and Philosophy: Selected Essays
2940:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2338:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195328998.003.0012
4480:
3192:A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy
3188:
3153:. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprint 1996).
3041:, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,
3020:A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. I
2748:
2608:
2498:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2442:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
3267:
3241:
3233:GRETIL e-text of the Vaiśeṣika Sūtras
3146:
2668:
2640:
2427:
2425:
1420:(definite judgment, conclusion) from
2910:"Space, Time and Anu in Vaisheshika"
2305:Nyaya#Sixteen categories (padārthas)
2531:Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy.
2479:Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy.
2466:
2342:
1669:principles as a part of one whole.
13:
3056:
2422:
2231:(atom) possesses its own distinct
1847:(mind). The first five are called
1503:school was similar to that of the
1199:around the 6th to 2nd century BC.
14:
4529:
3228:Shastra Nethralaya - Vaisheshika
3210:
3223:A summary of Vaisheshika physics
1084:
40:
3018:Dasgupta, Surendranath (1975),
2977:
2965:
2953:
2927:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2784:
2768:
2745:Carvaka school is the exception
2739:
2722:
2705:
2688:
2652:
2628:
2591:
2577:
2560:
2544:
2523:
1298:
1230:Vaisheshika espouses a form of
1128:) is one of the six schools of
3600:Progressive utilization theory
3022:, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi,
2405:
2326:
1949:(conjunction/accompaniments),
1:
2992:
2123:(particularity): By means of
1516:
1347:epistemology considered only
3189:Sharma, Chandradhar (2000).
3147:Riepe, Dale Maurice (1961).
3066:, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,
1492:
7:
3095:Jeaneane D. Fowler (2002).
2999:Chattopadhyaya, D. (1986),
2247:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2194:
2171:
2165:
2157:
2151:
2143:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2107:
2087:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2041:
2033:
2007:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1960:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1933:(size/dimension/quantity),
1927:
1919:
1911:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1817:
1809:
1793:
1778:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1714:
1700:
1687:is also an important work.
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1509:
1499:
1472:- the requirement that the
1357:
1343:
1202:
10:
4534:
3039:Indian Philosophy, Vol. II
3037:Radhakrishnan, S. (2006),
2187:
1766:) added one more category
1333:(comparison and analogy),
991:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
620:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
264:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
4488:Ancient Indian philosophy
4009:
3808:
3608:
3577:
3492:
3407:
3338:
3331:
3275:
3101:. Sussex Academic Press.
1456:(the object on which the
1125:
1037:Other Indian philosophies
785:
765:
749:
733:
16:Ancient Indian philosophy
3787:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2320:
1875:s (qualities), to which
1303:Hinduism identifies six
681:Kamalakanta Bhattacharya
4518:Metaphysics of religion
3717:Samkhyapravachana Sutra
3195:. Motilal Banarsidass.
2518:Jeaneane D. Fowler 2002
1406:samanyalaksanapratyaksa
666:Nigamananda Paramahansa
3453:Early Buddhist schools
3062:Bimal Matilal (1977),
2529:Oliver Leaman (1999),
2310:Categories (Aristotle)
1570:Padārthadharmasaṁgraha
1424:(indefinite judgment).
308:Shakti Vishishtadvaita
2459:18 March 2019 at the
1497:The syllogism of the
1410:jnanalaksanapratyaksa
1378:Indriyarthasannikarsa
555:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
535:Achintya Bheda Abheda
243:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
236:Achintya Bheda Abheda
3891:Brihadratha Ikshvaku
3728:Sarvadarsanasangraha
3505:Acintya bheda abheda
3122:. Springer Science.
3116:H. Margenau (2012).
2315:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
2242:parimaṇḍala parimāṇa
2059:s (activities) like
1740:(particularity) and
1559:are no more extant.
1416:, so as to contrast
1276:(particularity) and
880:Principal Upanishads
545:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
3951:Dayananda Saraswati
3525:Nimbarka Sampradaya
3449:Buddhist philosophy
2960:Chattopadhyaya 1986
2836:Chattopadhyaya 1986
2635:Chattopadhyaya 1986
2501:, pp. 262–270.
2005:(effort). To these
1893:s (qualities) are,
1843:(self or soul) and
1748:(inherence). Later
1633:(10th century) and
388:Raghunatha Siromani
3562:Pashupata Shaivism
3392:Pashupata Shaivism
3174:. BRILL Academic.
2972:Radhakrishnan 2006
2896:Radhakrishnan 2006
2884:Radhakrishnan 2006
2872:Radhakrishnan 2006
2860:Radhakrishnan 2006
2848:Radhakrishnan 2006
2824:Radhakrishnan 2006
2812:Radhakrishnan 2006
2800:Radhakrishnan 2006
1691:The Categories or
1588:Daśapadārthaśāstra
1166:. It is a form of
4475:
4474:
4327:Pratītyasamutpāda
3488:
3487:
3269:Indian philosophy
3202:978-81-208-0365-7
3181:978-90-04-22618-0
3160:978-81-208-1293-2
3129:978-94-009-9845-2
3108:978-1-898723-93-6
3029:978-81-208-0412-8
2962:, pp. 169–70
2936:"Ancient Atomism"
2898:, pp. 216–19
2862:, pp. 208–09
2826:, pp. 183–86
2814:, pp. 180–81
2603:978-94-010-5107-1
2520:, pp. 98–99.
2489:, 1999, page 269.
2437:978-1-988207-13-1
2363:978-1-4419-8109-7
2237:(individuality)
2192:According to the
1941:(individuality),
1627:(991), Udayana’s
1414:Pratyakṣa-pranama
1073:
1072:
805:
804:
801:
800:
163:
162:
107:
106:
4525:
4508:Hindu philosophy
3981:Satyakama Jabala
3916:Akshapada Gotama
3866:Gārgī Vāchaknavī
3846:Vāchaspati Misra
3704:Nyayakusumanjali
3638:Bhagavata Purana
3595:Radical Humanism
3567:Shaiva Siddhanta
3336:
3335:
3308:Vedic philosophy
3262:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3206:
3185:
3164:
3133:
3112:
3051:
3032:
3013:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2772:
2766:
2755:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2726:
2720:
2709:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2675:
2666:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2612:
2606:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2564:
2558:
2548:
2542:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2496:
2490:
2475:
2464:
2451:
2440:
2429:
2420:
2409:
2403:
2389:, pages 245-248;
2377:
2366:
2355:
2340:
2330:
2259:Hindu philosophy
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2197:
2176:
2168:
2162:
2154:
2148:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2112:
2092:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2055:(activity): The
2046:
2038:
2010:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1969:(posteriority),
1963:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1900:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1798:
1783:
1765:
1760:and Udayana and
1759:
1753:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1645:(11th century).
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1527:
1512:
1502:
1444:(a reason), and
1362:
1346:
1209:Nyāya philosophy
1130:Hindu philosophy
1127:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1065:
1058:
1051:
904:Agama (Hinduism)
892:Other scriptures
885:Minor Upanishads
731:
730:
600:Ekasarana Dharma
444:Vāchaspati Misra
364:
363:
280:Shaiva Siddhanta
257:Ekasarana Dharma
120:
119:
57:
56:
44:
34:Hindu philosophy
21:
20:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4297:Parameshashakti
4005:
3941:Ramana Maharshi
3826:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
3804:
3770:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
3744:Tattvacintāmaṇi
3617:Abhinavabharati
3604:
3573:
3547:Sikh Philosophy
3535:Vishishtadvaita
3484:
3403:
3327:
3271:
3266:
3213:
3203:
3182:
3161:
3130:
3109:
3059:
3057:Further reading
3049:
3030:
3011:
2995:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2943:
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2928:
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2916:
2912:
2908:Roopa Narayan.
2906:
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2890:
2882:
2878:
2870:
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2858:
2854:
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2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2773:
2769:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2727:
2723:
2719:, pages 170-172
2710:
2706:
2702:, pages 168-169
2693:
2689:
2685:, pages 160-168
2676:
2669:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2605:, pages 137-154
2596:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2574:, pages 228-237
2565:
2561:
2549:
2545:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2477:Oliver Leaman,
2476:
2467:
2461:Wayback Machine
2452:
2443:
2430:
2423:
2419:, pages 227-246
2410:
2406:
2378:
2369:
2356:
2343:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2290:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
2250:
2219:s (triads) and
2190:
2183:(non-existence)
2001:(aversion) and
1957:(disjunction),
1866:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
1863:(quality): The
1696:
1684:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
1603:’s treatise is
1591:(648) based on
1582:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
1556:Bhāradvājavṛtti
1544:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
1525:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
1519:
1495:
1301:
1289:Haribhadra Suri
1205:
1197:Kaṇāda Kashyapa
1195:was founded by
1087:
1083:
1069:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1005:
952:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
913:
836:
821:
820:
807:
806:
720:
690:
652:
634:
614:
594:
574:
570:Srinivasacharya
549:
529:
509:
478:
459:Vishishtadvaita
453:
422:
413:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
392:
378:Akṣapāda Gotama
361:
360:
344:
343:
315:Shiva Bhedabeda
215:Vishishtadvaita
175:
174:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4531:
4521:
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4515:
4510:
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4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4372:Shabda Brahman
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:Pratibimbavada
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
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4024:
4019:
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4011:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3961:Vedanta Desika
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3856:Gautama Buddha
3853:
3851:Uddalaka Aruni
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3738:Tarka-Sangraha
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3681:Mimamsa Sutras
3677:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3651:Buddhist texts
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
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3305:
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3264:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3212:
3211:External links
3209:
3208:
3207:
3201:
3186:
3180:
3165:
3159:
3144:
3134:
3128:
3113:
3107:
3092:
3082:
3072:978-3447018074
3058:
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3028:
3015:
3009:
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2900:
2888:
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2840:
2828:
2816:
2804:
2802:, p. 75ff
2792:
2783:
2767:
2747:
2738:
2721:
2704:
2687:
2667:
2664:978-0198239765
2651:
2639:
2627:
2623:978-0521438780
2607:
2590:
2576:
2572:978-8120810860
2559:
2556:978-0199652365
2543:
2539:978-0415173629
2522:
2510:
2491:
2487:978-0415173629
2465:
2441:
2421:
2417:978-8120812932
2404:
2402:
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2398:978-0791430675
2390:
2387:978-0815336112
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1856:
1732:(generality),
1695:
1689:
1518:
1515:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1440:(hypothesis),
1425:
1394:Vyavasayatmaka
1317:(perception),
1300:
1297:
1272:(commonness),
1204:
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1071:
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964:Pramana Sutras
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4305:
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4302:Parinama-vada
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3929:
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3926:Padmasambhāva
3924:
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3909:
3907:
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3899:
3897:
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3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Maṇḍana Miśra
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:Abhinavagupta
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3794:Yoga Vasistha
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:All 108 texts
3685:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3657:Dharmashastra
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3631:Bhagavad Gita
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Integral yoga
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3530:Shuddhadvaita
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3142:9781988207148
3139:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3050:
3048:0-19-563820-4
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3010:81-7007-023-6
3006:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2986:, p. 314
2985:
2984:Dasgupta 1975
2980:
2974:, p. 202
2973:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2886:, p. 215
2885:
2880:
2874:, p. 209
2873:
2868:
2861:
2856:
2850:, p. 204
2849:
2844:
2838:, p. 169
2837:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2787:
2781:
2780:81-208-0779-0
2777:
2771:
2764:
2763:0-8239-2287-1
2760:
2754:
2752:
2742:
2735:
2734:0-7914-0362-9
2731:
2725:
2718:
2717:81-208-0309-4
2714:
2708:
2701:
2700:81-208-0309-4
2697:
2691:
2684:
2683:81-208-0309-4
2680:
2674:
2672:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2637:, p. 170
2636:
2631:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2586:
2580:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2149:(inherence):
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2023:(viscosity),
2022:
2018:
2015:(heaviness),
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1973:(knowledge),
1972:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1712:(substance),
1711:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1672:Śaṁkara Miśra
1667:
1661:
1655:
1654:Saptapadārthī
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1488:(conclusion).
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:anadhyavasaya
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:(intuition),
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:(inference),
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:epistemically
1308:
1307:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:from ancient
1131:
1123:
1117:
1082:: Vaiśeṣika;
1081:
1077:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:Shiva Samhita
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
965:
962:
961:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
932:Brahma Sutras
930:
929:
926:
925:
924:
920:
915:
914:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Bhagavad Gita
897:
896:
893:
890:
889:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
869:
868:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
838:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
819:
818:
811:
810:
795:
792:
791:
790:
788:
784:
779:
778:Prashastapada
775:
772:
771:
770:
768:
764:
759:
756:
755:
754:
752:
748:
743:
740:
739:
738:
736:
732:
729:
728:
724:
723:
717:
716:Radhakrishnan
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
700:
697:
694:
693:
687:
686:Anandamayi Ma
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
671:Ramprasad Sen
669:
667:
664:
662:
661:Abhinavagupta
659:
658:
656:
655:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
637:
631:
628:
627:
625:
624:
621:
618:
617:
611:
608:
607:
605:
604:
601:
598:
597:
591:
588:
587:
585:
584:
581:
578:
577:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
556:
553:
552:
546:
543:
542:
540:
539:
536:
533:
532:
526:
523:
522:
520:
519:
516:
515:Shuddhadvaita
513:
512:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
490:
489:
485:
482:
481:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
464:
463:
460:
457:
456:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
433:
429:
426:
425:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
403:
402:
399:
396:
395:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
373:
372:
369:
366:
365:
358:
354:
348:
347:
340:
339:
338:Integral yoga
335:
334:
331:
328:
327:
324:
323:
322:Shiva Advaita
319:
317:
316:
312:
310:
309:
305:
303:
302:
298:
296:
295:
291:
289:
288:
284:
282:
281:
277:
276:
273:
270:
269:
266:
265:
261:
259:
258:
254:
252:
251:
247:
245:
244:
240:
238:
237:
233:
231:
230:
229:Shuddhadvaita
226:
224:
223:
219:
217:
216:
212:
210:
209:
205:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
187:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
167:
166:
157:
156:
152:
150:
149:
145:
143:
142:
138:
136:
135:
131:
129:
128:
124:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
110:
101:
100:
96:
94:
93:
89:
87:
86:
82:
80:
79:
75:
73:
72:
68:
66:
65:
61:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
4503:Epistemology
4402:Iccha-mrityu
4367:Satkaryavada
4267:Nididhyasana
4252:Matsya Nyaya
3986:Madhvacharya
3816:Adi Shankara
3809:Philosophers
3792:
3785:
3768:
3749:
3742:
3733:Shiva Sutras
3723:Sangam texts
3715:
3708:
3699:Nyāya Sūtras
3679:
3672:
3655:
3645:Brahma Sutra
3644:
3636:
3629:
3624:Arthashastra
3622:
3615:
3557:Pratyabhijna
3437:Anekantavada
3361:
3191:
3170:
3149:
3118:
3097:
3038:
3019:
3000:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2944:, retrieved
2939:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2903:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2843:
2831:
2819:
2807:
2795:
2786:
2770:
2765:, page 46-47
2741:
2736:, page 26-27
2724:
2707:
2690:
2654:
2630:
2610:
2593:
2579:
2562:
2546:
2530:
2525:
2513:
2494:
2478:
2407:
2328:
2271:(philosophy)
2241:
2239:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2180:
2172:
2166:Praśastapāda
2158:
2144:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2085:(space) and
2082:
2076:
2068:
2056:
2050:
2042:
2039:(sound) and
2034:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:(fluidity),
2016:
2012:
2008:Praśastapāda
2002:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1977:(pleasure),
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:(priority),
1958:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1878:Praśastapāda
1869:mentions 17
1858:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1780:budhyapekṣam
1779:
1773:
1767:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1724:(activity),
1721:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1624:Nyāyakandalī
1600:Praśastapāda
1594:Praśastapāda
1563:Praśastapāda
1550:Rāvaṇabhāṣya
1520:
1510:Praśastapāda
1496:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1299:Epistemology
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:(activity),
1265:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1217:epistemology
1214:
1206:
1190:
1187:
1171:
1161:
1149:epistemology
1146:
1075:
1074:
1008:
981:Arthashastra
976:Dharmaśāstra
947:Nyāya Sūtras
917:
916:
891:
870:
839:
815:
766:
630:Swaminarayan
495:Madhvacharya
486:(Tattvavada)
449:Adi Shankara
352:
336:
320:
313:
306:
299:
292:
287:Pratyabhijna
285:
278:
262:
255:
248:
241:
234:
227:
220:
213:
206:
188:
171:
153:
146:
139:
132:
125:
97:
90:
84:
83:
76:
69:
62:
18:
4447:Vivartavada
4337:Rājamaṇḍala
4292:Paramananda
4092:Apauruṣheyā
4087:Anupalabdhi
3946:Vivekananda
3911:Dharmakirti
3871:Buddhaghosa
3861:Yājñavalkya
3668:Jain Agamas
3663:Hindu texts
3542:Navya-Nyāya
3478:Svatantrika
3473:Sautrāntika
3362:Vaisheshika
2615:Gavin Flood
2533:Routledge,
2499:Basham 1951
2481:Routledge,
2097:(activity).
2031:(demerit),
1720:(quality),
1538:Kaṇabhaksha
1390:Avyabhicara
1382:Avyapadesya
1339:Anupalabdhi
1264:(quality),
1183:metaphysics
1076:Vaisheshika
957:Yoga Sutras
909:Vachanamrut
864:Atharvaveda
817:Major texts
767:Vaisheshika
706:Vivekananda
696:Neo-Vedanta
590:Chakradhara
580:Mahanubhava
505:Vyasatirtha
330:Neo-Vedanta
301:Pramanavada
294:Panchartika
250:Mahanubhava
198:Vaishnavite
172:Sub-schools
85:Vaisheshika
4482:Categories
4397:Svātantrya
4287:Paramatman
4242:Kshetrajna
4217:Ishvaratva
4157:Cittabhumi
4152:Chidabhasa
4102:Asiddhatva
4022:Abhasavada
3996:Guru Nanak
3931:Vasubandhu
3757:Upanishads
3751:Tirukkuṟaḷ
3710:Panchadasi
3515:Bhedabheda
3463:Madhyamaka
3303:Monotheism
2993:References
2625:, page 225
2541:, page 269
2400:, page 238
2365:, page 172
2198:school, a
2047:(faculty).
1993:(desire),
1925:(number),
1901:(colour),
1630:Kiranāvali
1517:Literature
1353:perception
1335:Arthāpatti
1287:. Acharya
1221:perception
1191:Vaiśeṣika
1164:naturalism
1138:philosophy
986:Kama Sutra
872:Upanishads
500:Jayatirtha
430:(Mayavada)
418:Prabhākara
208:Bhedabheda
4257:Mithyatva
4147:Chaitanya
4142:Catuṣkoṭi
4107:Asatkalpa
4082:Anavastha
4057:Aishvarya
3976:Sakayanya
3971:Sadananda
3936:Gaudapada
3921:Nagarjuna
3876:Patañjali
3692:Principal
3674:Kamasutra
3468:Yogachara
3387:Raseśvara
3080:489575550
2946:6 October
2254:Darshanas
2195:Vaiśeṣika
2073:(ether),
2027:(merit),
1937:pṛthaktva
1917:(touch),
1909:(smell),
1905:(taste),
1835:(space),
1823:(ether),
1803:(water),
1799:(earth),
1763:Śivāditya
1751:Vaiśeṣika
1666:Vaiśeṣika
1648:Śivāditya
1612:Vyomavatī
1606:Vyomaśiva
1500:Vaiśeṣika
1493:Syllogism
1446:drshtanta
1373:Pratyakṣa
1365:inference
1349:pratyakṣa
1344:Vaiśeṣika
1315:Pratyakṣa
1225:inference
996:Tirumurai
854:Yajurveda
758:Patanjali
711:Aurobindo
676:Bamakhepa
610:Sankardev
439:Gaudapada
113:Heterodox
4422:Tanmatra
4417:Tajjalan
4407:Syādvāda
4307:Pradhana
4282:Padārtha
4247:Lakshana
4192:Ekagrata
4037:Adrishta
4032:Adarsana
4010:Concepts
3991:Mahavira
3956:Ramanuja
3906:Chanakya
3841:Avatsara
3836:Valluvar
3776:Vedangas
3590:Gandhism
3493:Medieval
3442:Syādvāda
3427:Charvaka
3399:Pāṇiniya
3293:Idealism
3090:24469380
2457:Archived
2300:Padārtha
2275:Padārtha
2264:Hinduism
2248:See also
2228:paramāṇu
2222:dvyaṇuka
2216:tryaṇuka
2200:paramanu
2173:samavāya
2159:samavāya
2155:defined
2145:Samavāya
2081:(time),
2043:saṁskāra
2017:dravatva
2003:prayatna
1985:(pain),
1967:aparatva
1929:parimāṇa
1831:(time),
1807:(fire),
1757:Śrīdhara
1744:samavāya
1703:padārtha
1693:Padārtha
1678:Upaskāra
1663:and the
1642:Līlāvatī
1636:Śrivatsa
1618:Śridhara
1486:nigamana
1482:vipaksha
1478:sapaksha
1466:vipaksha
1462:sapaksha
1438:pratijna
1402:pratibha
1306:Pramāṇas
1278:samavaya
1274:vishesha
1251:paramāṇu
1236:paramāṇu
1203:Overview
1193:darshana
1172:paramāṇu
1153:Buddhism
1122:Sanskrit
1032:Hinduism
919:Shastras
859:Samaveda
794:Valluvar
565:Nimbarka
525:Vallabha
469:Ramanuja
357:Acharyas
353:Teachers
272:Shaivite
180:Smartist
141:Buddhism
127:Charvaka
50:Orthodox
26:a series
24:Part of
4498:Atomism
4467:More...
4437:Upekkhā
4432:Uparati
4412:Taijasa
4387:Śūnyatā
4357:Saṃsāra
4352:Samadhi
4317:Prakṛti
4272:Nirvāṇa
4222:Jivatva
4212:Ikshana
4167:Devatas
4137:Bhumika
4127:Brahman
4117:Avyakta
4062:Akrodha
4042:Advaita
4001:More...
3896:Jaimini
3800:More...
3510:Advaita
3500:Vedanta
3458:Śūnyatā
3417:Ājīvika
3409:Nāstika
3377:Vedanta
3372:Mīmāṃsā
3352:Samkhya
3332:Ancient
3288:Atomism
3283:Atheism
2295:Atomism
2188:Atomism
2109:sāmānya
2102:Sāmānya
2029:adharma
2013:gurutva
1961:paratva
1953:vibhāga
1945:saṁyoga
1921:saṁkhyā
1815:(air),
1728:sāmānya
1434:Anumana
1429:Anumāna
1418:nirnaya
1398:pramāṇa
1386:hearsay
1359:anumāna
1331:Upamāna
1319:Anumāna
1285:Shaivas
1270:samanya
1232:atomism
1180:Ājīvika
1168:atomism
1126:वैशेषिक
971:Puranas
849:Rigveda
787:Secular
735:Samkhya
428:Advaita
408:Jaimini
398:Mīmāṃsā
190:Advaita
148:Jainism
134:Ājīvika
99:Vedanta
92:Mīmāṃsā
64:Samkhya
4493:Āstika
4442:Utsaha
4392:Sutram
4382:Sthiti
4377:Sphoṭa
4347:Sakshi
4332:Puruṣa
4312:Prajna
4277:Niyama
4237:Kasaya
4182:Dravya
4172:Dharma
4132:Bhuman
4122:Bhrama
4077:Ananta
4072:Anatta
4067:Aksara
4052:Ahimsa
4027:Abheda
4017:Abhava
3966:Raikva
3886:Kapila
3881:Kanada
3578:Modern
3552:Shaiva
3520:Dvaita
3422:Ajñana
3382:Shaiva
3340:Āstika
3323:Moksha
3276:Topics
3199:
3178:
3157:
3140:
3126:
3105:
3088:
3078:
3070:
3045:
3026:
3007:
2919:29 May
2778:
2761:
2732:
2715:
2698:
2681:
2662:
2621:
2601:
2570:
2554:
2537:
2485:
2435:
2415:
2396:
2385:
2361:
2285:Kaṇāda
2234:viśeṣa
2181:Abhava
2152:Kaṇāda
2135:viśeṣa
2127:viśeṣa
2119:Viśeṣa
2025:dharma
2011:added
1981:duḥkha
1971:buddhi
1913:sparśa
1907:gandha
1795:pṛthvī
1789:Dravya
1769:abhava
1736:viśeṣa
1710:dravya
1576:bhāṣya
1532:Kaṇāda
1470:Vyapti
1458:sadhya
1454:paksha
1450:sadhya
1355:) and
1258:dravya
1243:Parama
923:Sutras
832:Smriti
774:Kaṇāda
742:Kapila
725:Others
648:Shakta
643:Tantra
484:Dvaita
222:Dvaita
155:Ajñana
4513:Logic
4457:Yamas
4452:Viraj
4427:Tyāga
4362:Satya
4262:Mokṣa
4232:Karma
4187:Dhrti
4112:Ātman
4097:Artha
3901:Vyasa
3781:Vedas
3762:Minor
3609:Texts
3357:Nyaya
3348:Hindu
3318:Artha
3298:Logic
2913:(PDF)
2321:Notes
2269:Nyaya
2095:karma
2089:ātman
2069:Ākāśa
2057:karma
2052:Karma
2035:śabda
2021:sneha
1997:dveṣa
1989:icchā
1975:sukha
1851:bhūta
1845:manas
1839:ātman
1819:ākaśa
1805:tejas
1774:artha
1722:karma
1660:Nyāya
1505:Nyāya
1327:āgama
1323:Śabda
1293:Shiva
1266:karma
1176:atoms
1157:Vedas
1142:Nyāya
1134:India
1018:Kural
841:Vedas
827:Śruti
368:Nyaya
78:Nyaya
4462:Yoga
4227:Kama
4207:Idam
4202:Hitā
4197:Guṇa
4162:Dāna
4047:Aham
3451:and
3432:Jain
3367:Yoga
3313:Kama
3197:ISBN
3176:ISBN
3155:ISBN
3138:ISBN
3124:ISBN
3103:ISBN
3086:OCLC
3076:OCLC
3068:ISBN
3043:ISBN
3024:ISBN
3005:ISBN
2948:2023
2921:2013
2776:ISBN
2759:ISBN
2730:ISBN
2713:ISBN
2696:ISBN
2679:ISBN
2660:ISBN
2619:ISBN
2599:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2552:ISBN
2535:ISBN
2505:help
2483:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2413:ISBN
2394:ISBN
2383:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2204:atom
2077:kāla
2062:guṇa
1903:rasa
1897:rūpa
1890:guṇa
1884:guṇa
1872:guṇa
1860:Guṇa
1827:kāla
1811:vāyu
1716:guṇa
1553:and
1535:(or
1480:and
1474:hetu
1442:hetu
1262:guna
1223:and
1215:The
1147:The
1080:IAST
921:and
751:Yoga
71:Yoga
4342:Ṛta
4177:Dhi
2334:doi
2208:anu
2083:dik
1833:dik
1754:s (
1681:on
1675:’s
1651:’s
1639:’s
1621:’s
1609:’s
1579:of
1567:’s
1529:of
1325:or
1309:as
1247:aṇu
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3350::
3074:,
2938:,
2750:^
2670:^
2642:^
2468:^
2444:^
2424:^
2370:^
2344:^
2139:s.
1801:ap
1547:,
1295:.
1227:.
1159:.
1124::
1120:;
1092:aɪ
776:,
28:on
3261:e
3254:t
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2923:.
2587:.
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2439:.
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1107:ɪ
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1101:ɛ
1098:ʃ
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