469:
The transformation of the Aq
Qoyunlu tribal confederation into a regional power took place under Uthman Beg. As he augmented his power, he also started to develop the foundations of a Perso-Islamic administration. However, at the same time, he maintained a strong attachment to his own nomadic roots,
501:
Uthman Beg also warned his followers not to adopt a sedentary city life, for he believed it would lead to the disappearance of "sovereignty, Turkishness and liberty". Genghis Khan had once warned his Mongol followers with the same sort message. These remarks by Uthman Beg were contemporaneous with
574:
Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) (1378–1507) and
Qaraoyunlu (Black Sheep). They were Persianate Turkoman Confederations of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and
876:
369:
in 1402. After this expedition, he tried to consolidate his dominance in
Southeastern and Eastern Anatolia. In 1407, further increased his reputation by defeating
521:
would be the first Aq
Qoyunlu ruler to openly disembark on a campaign aimed at transforming the Aq Qoyunlu tribal confederation into a Perso-Islamic sultanate.
385:. When he was defeated by Qara Yusuf again in 1417, he made a peace agreement with Qara Yusuf, which lasted one year. In 1418, he besieged and pillaged
461:
and gave the city to his son Sheikh Hasan. In August 1435, he was defeated by Qara
Iskandar in the vicinity of Erzurum, and died soon after.
833:
482:(a traditional body of unwritten laws) in the process. This message of caution by Uthman Beg to his followers bears similarities to
987:
972:
445:, however Mamluks did not achieve a significant success. In 1432, he conquered Mardin. In 1434, upon Qara Iskandar's plunder of
783:
510:'s attempts aimed at re-energizing his own dynasty's Central Asian Oghuz roots, which, in light of the devastating Ottoman
654:
826:
682:
594:
644:
842:
819:
672:"AKKOYUNLULAR XV. yüzyılda Doğu Anadolu, Azerbaycan ve Irak'ta hüküm süren Türkmen hânedanı (1340-1514)."
474:. This is exemplified in the occurrence where he urged his followers to respect the validating force of
306:
and Aq
Qoyunlu sources, he later married his maternal cousin, a daughter of Alexios III and his consort
17:
948:
676:
275:
426:
295:
116:
397:
and defeated Yakub, son of Qara Yusuf. In 1421, he tried to take Mardin again but was defeated by
916:
590:
398:
433:
and its surrounding, and even captured one of Uthman's sons, Hâbil Beg, who died in the capital
321:. He eventually killed his opponents and took over their territories in 1398 but retreated from
758:(2020). "Turks, Turks and türk Turks: Anatolia, Iran and India in Comparative Perspective". In
733:(2020). "Turks, Turks and türk Turks: Anatolia, Iran and India in Comparative Perspective". In
708:(2020). "Turks, Turks and türk Turks: Anatolia, Iran and India in Comparative Perspective". In
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498:
referred to when he made mention of some inherited Mongol traditions of his
Timurid cousins.
307:
982:
977:
868:
546:
536:
330:
294:
Uthman Beg was the son of Fakhr-ud-Din
Qutlugh, likely by his Greek wife, Maria, sister of
205:
170:
67:
8:
221:
189:
57:
811:
314:
800:
650:
529:
378:
322:
125:
414:
381:
by defeating Timur's grandson Abu Bakr. In 1412, he was defeated by Qara Yusuf near
313:
He was afraid of the intentions of his brothers, Ahmed and Pir Ali when they joined
908:
788:
759:
734:
709:
511:
370:
303:
213:
764:
Turkish
History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections
739:
Turkish
History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections
714:
Turkish History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections
671:
358:
792:
503:
362:
318:
278:
argues that this interpretation is doubtful since "leech" in modern Turkish is
630:
The Aq-qoyunlu State from the Death of Osman Bey to Uzun Hasan Bey (1435-1456)
966:
900:
804:
450:
326:
366:
755:
730:
705:
483:
471:
458:
475:
422:
514:, was deemed necessary by him in order to strengthen Ottoman authority.
940:
924:
892:
860:
846:
518:
442:
374:
354:
243:
231:
227:
39:
596:
A History of Persian Literature Under Tartar Dominion (A.D, 1265-1502)
389:
causing Qara Yusuf to march on him again. He was defeated and fled to
932:
220:; 1356 – 1435) was a late 14th and early 15th-century leader of the
507:
394:
350:
346:
454:
446:
438:
406:
165:
418:
410:
390:
386:
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235:
495:
434:
342:
224:
642:
430:
402:
247:
239:
841:
646:
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
589:
781:
Langaroodi, Reza Rezazadeh; Negahban, Farzin (2008).
570:
Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400-1750
357:sided with him in support and fought alongside the
782:
780:
453:asked help from Uthman Beg. He besieged and took
964:
669:
585:
583:
401:. He further expanded his territory by talking
827:
612:
580:
425:, which he gave to his son Ali Beg. In 1429,
405:and Erzincan. He divided his land by giving
725:
723:
834:
820:
615:The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire
365:. For his services, Uthman Beg was given
750:
748:
720:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
14:
965:
608:
606:
815:
745:
689:
437:in 1430. The same year Mamluk Sultan
286:, which means cleanshaven or smooth.
754:
729:
704:
643:Facts On File, Incorporated (2009).
298:. He is estimated to have been born
649:. Infobase Publishing. p. 31.
603:
24:
373:emirs. However, he failed against
25:
999:
762:; McClary, Richard Piran (eds.).
737:; McClary, Richard Piran (eds.).
712:; McClary, Richard Piran (eds.).
627:
470:as well to his Turkic roots from
262:and was later given the nickname
490:, or the concept of the Mongol
417:to his son Yaqub. He also took
393:. Two years later, he besieged
988:15th-century Aq Qoyunlu rulers
973:14th-century Aq Qoyunlu rulers
663:
636:
632:, University of Ankara, Turkey
621:
562:
13:
1:
797:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
685:, Centre for Islamic Studies.
555:
299:
289:
81:
156:Baha-ud-Din Qara Yuluk Osman
7:
617:. University of Utah Press.
120:Niece of Rustam ibn Tarkhan
10:
1004:
774:
683:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
572:, (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38;"
856:
677:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam
670:Faruk Sümer (1988–2016).
543:
534:
526:
464:
409:to his nephew Qutlu Beg,
184:
176:
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155:
150:
146:
124:
111:
95:
77:
73:
63:
53:
45:
37:
32:
741:. Brill. pp. 72–73.
681:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
413:to his other nephew and
336:
296:Alexios III of Trebizond
117:Alexios III of Trebizond
27:Leader of the Aq Qoyunlu
591:Edward Granville Browne
537:Ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu
253:
234:in what is now eastern
756:Dale, Stephen Frederic
731:Dale, Stephen Frederic
706:Dale, Stephen Frederic
613:John E. Woods (1999).
517:Uthman Beg's grandson
478:heritage, quoting the
325:on the arrival of the
217:
209:
308:Theodora Kantakouzene
766:. Brill. p. 73.
716:. Brill. p. 72.
218:Kara Yülük Osman Bey
210:Qara Yuluq Osman Bəy
180:Fakhr-ud-Din Qutlugh
58:Fakhr-ud-Din Qutlugh
302:1356. According to
315:Kadi Burhan al-Din
260:Baha-ud-Din Uthman
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789:Madelung, Wilferd
553:
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544:Succeeded by
530:Ahmed bin Qutlugh
195:
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188:Maria Comnene of
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16:(Redirected from
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377:, who conquered
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331:Süleyman Çelebi
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599:. CUP Archive.
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38:Leader of the
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944:(1497–1504/5)
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901:Sultan-Khalil
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568:Kaushik Roy,
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451:Khalilullah I
448:
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436:
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399:Qara Iskandar
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36:
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19:
949:Sultan Murad
796:
784:"Āq-qūyūnlū"
763:
738:
713:
679:(44+2 vols.)
675:
665:
645:
638:
629:
623:
614:
595:
573:
569:
564:
535:
516:
500:
491:
487:
484:Genghis Khan
479:
472:Central Asia
468:
459:Qara Qoyunlu
361:against the
349:and eastern
345:invaded the
340:
312:
293:
283:
279:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:He was born
257:
201:
197:
196:
138:Shaikh Hasan
115:Daughter of
983:1435 deaths
978:1356 births
952:(1497–1508)
928:(1492–1497)
920:(1490–1493)
912:(1478–1490)
896:(1457–1478)
888:(1444–1457)
880:(1438–1444)
872:(1435–1438)
864:(1378–1435)
850:(1378–1514)
575:Azerbaijan.
441:marched on
423:Dulkadirids
274:. However,
206:Azerbaijani
54:Predecessor
49:1378 – 1435
967:Categories
941:Alvand Beg
925:Rustam Beg
917:Baysunghur
909:Ya'qub Beg
893:Uzun Hasan
861:Uthman Beg
847:Aq Qoyunlu
556:References
541:1378-1435
519:Uzun Hasan
429:plundered
379:Azerbaijan
375:Qara Yusuf
367:Diyarbakır
355:Aq Qoyunlu
290:Early life
268:Qara Yuluk
244:Azerbaijan
232:Aq Qoyunlu
228:federation
198:Uthman Beg
171:Aq Qoyunlu
40:Aq Qoyunlu
33:Uthman Beg
18:Uthman Beg
933:Ahmad Beg
877:Hamza Beg
805:1875-9831
457:from the
421:from the
304:Byzantine
264:Qara Iluk
202:Osman Beg
190:Trebizond
64:Successor
885:Jahangir
795:(eds.).
593:(2009).
508:Murad II
395:Erzincan
363:Ottomans
359:Timurids
351:Anatolia
347:Caucasus
327:Ottomans
323:Erzinjan
270:meaning
222:Turkoman
869:Ali Beg
845:of the
843:Leaders
775:Sources
547:Ali Beg
506:Sultan
504:Ottoman
455:Erzurum
447:Shirvan
439:Barsbay
427:Mamluks
407:Bayburt
214:Turkish
166:Dynasty
101: (
86: (
68:Ali Beg
936:(1497)
904:(1478)
803:
653:
465:Legacy
419:Harput
411:Tercan
391:Aleppo
387:Mardin
383:Ergani
371:Mamluk
353:, the
329:under
282:, not
236:Turkey
225:tribal
185:Mother
177:Father
134:Mahmud
787:. In
496:Babur
494:that
492:törah
480:yasak
476:Oghuz
435:Cairo
343:Timur
341:When
337:Reign
319:Sivas
284:yülük
280:sülük
151:Names
142:Habil
140:Murad
132:Hamza
130:Yaqub
126:Issue
112:Wives
46:Reign
801:ISSN
651:ISBN
488:yasa
443:Amid
431:Urfa
403:Urfa
254:Name
248:Iraq
246:and
240:Iran
103:1436
99:1435
96:Died
88:1356
84:1356
78:Born
486:'s
317:of
310:.
266:or
230:of
200:or
136:Ali
969::
791:;
747:^
722:^
691:^
674:.
605:^
582:^
449:,
333:.
300:c.
250:.
242:,
238:,
216::
212:;
208::
82:c.
835:e
828:t
821:v
807:.
659:.
577:"
204:(
105:)
90:)
20:)
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