571:
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583:
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44:
618:
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133:
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768:
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389:
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140:
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1536:
295:, who ultimately annexed most of the territory of Lagash and established the first reliably documented kingdom to encompass all of Sumer. The destruction of Lagash was described in a lament (possibly the earliest recorded example of what would become a prolific Sumerian literary genre), which stressed that "the men of Umma ... committed a sin against
570:
632:
793:, who ultimately annexed most of the territory of Lagash and established the first reliably documented kingdom to encompass all of Sumer. The destruction of Lagash was described in a lament (possibly the earliest recorded example of what would become a prolific Sumerian literary genre), which stressed that:
710:, and the aristocrat says to him, "I want to buy it from you"; whether he lets him buy it from him, having said to him, "Pay me the price I want! My house is a large container—fill it with barley for me!," or whether he does not let him buy it from him, that aristocrat must not strike at him in anger.
677:
Since time immemorial, since life began, in those days, the head boatman appropriated boats, the livestock official appropriated asses, the livestock official appropriated sheep, and the fisheries inspector appropriated.... The shepherds of wool sheep paid a duty in silver on account of white sheep,
672:
Some insight into
Sumerian values can be gained from praise poems written for kings. While the kings may not always live up to this praise they show the type of achievements that they wished to be remembered by. Extracts below praise Urukagina who appears as a social reformer, getting rid of gross
350:
Despite these apparent attempts to curb the excesses of the elite class, it seems elite or royal women enjoyed even greater influence and prestige in his reign than previously. Urukagina greatly expanded the royal "Household of Women" from about 50 persons to about 1500 persons, renamed it the
370:
in his country, on pain of the woman taking multiple husbands being stoned with rocks upon which her crime is written. Second is a statute stating that "if a woman says to a man, her mouth is crushed with burnt bricks." No comparable laws from
Urukagina addressing penalties for
271:. Although the actual text has not been discovered, much of its content may be surmised from other references to it that have been found. In it, he exempted widows and orphans from taxes; compelled the city to pay funeral expenses (including the ritual food and drink
355:", gave it ownership of vast amounts of land confiscated from the former priesthood, and placed it under the supervision of his wife, Shasha (or Shagshag). In his second year of reign, Shasha presided over the lavish funeral of his predecessor's queen,
536:
priestess take away. 420 loaves of bread that have sat are the bread duty, 40 loaves of hot bread are for eating, and 10 loaves of hot bread are the bread of the table. 5 loaves of bread are for the persons of the levy, 2 mud vessels and 1
692:-priests, he removed the bureaucrat responsible for the paying of duties in silver on account of white sheep and young lambs, and he removed the bureaucrat responsible for the delivery of duties by the temple administrators to the palace.
275:
for the journey of the dead into the lower world); and decreed that the rich must use silver when purchasing from the poor, and if the poor does not wish to sell, the powerful man (the rich man or the priest) cannot force him to do so.
701:, and his foreman says to him, "I want to buy it from you"; whether he lets him buy it from him and says to him "Pay me the price I want!," or whether he does not let him buy it from him, the foreman must not strike at him in anger.
681:
When
Ningirsu, warrior of Enlil, granted the kingship of Lagash to Urukagina, selecting him from among the myriad people, he replaced the customs of former times, carrying out the command that Ningirsu, his master, had given
343:, burdensome controls, hunger, theft, murder, and seizure (of people's property and persons); as he states, "The widow and the orphan were no longer at the mercy of the powerful man". Here, the word "freedom" ("
4279:
549:
vessel of beer are for the other lamentation singers. 250 loaves of bread and one mud vessel of beer are for the old wailing women. 180 loaves of bread and 1 mud vessel of beer are for the men of Nigin.
48:
Fragment of an inscription of
Urukagina; it reads as follows: "He dug (…) the canal to the town-of-NINA. At its beginning, he built the Eninnu; at its ending, he built the Esiraran."
552:
The blind one who stands in ..., his bread for eating is one loaf, 5 loaves of bread are his at midnight, one loaf is his bread at midday, and 6 loaves are his bread in the evening.
685:
He removed the head boatman from control over the boats, he removed the livestock official from control over asses and sheep, he removed the fisheries inspector from control....
600:
678:
and the surveyor, chief lamentation-singer, supervisor, brewer and foremen paid a duty in silver on account of young lambs. . . These were the conventions of former times!
375:
by men have survived. The discovery of these fragments has led some modern critics to assert that they provide "the first written evidence of the degradation of women".
1298:
by
Elizabeth Meier Tetlow, 2004 – a comprehensive examination of all the ways Uruinimga's reforms both positively and adversely affected the status of women in Lagash.
1365:
713:
He cleared and cancelled obligations for those indentured families, citizens of Lagash living as debtors because of grain taxes, barley payments, theft or murder.
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For a corpse being brought to the grave, his beer shall be 3 jugs and his bread 80 loaves. One bed and one lead goat shall the undertaker take away, and 3
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Cone fragment inscribed with part of the text of the reforms of
Uruinimgina (Urukagina) - Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago
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Urukagina's code has been widely hailed as the first recorded example of government reform, seeking to achieve a higher level of
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1288:"Inscriptions from the Ancient Near East" – includes a complete translation of the reform document and the lament in Italian
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155:
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132:
1090:
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in 1964, have attracted controversy in recent decades. First, he seems to have abolished the former custom of
311:
make him carry his sin upon his neck". Lugal-Zage-Si himself was soon defeated and his kingdom was annexed by
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5551:
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Reform text of
Urukagina, king of Lagash. From Girsu, Iraq. 24th century BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul
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4255:
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He is best known for his reforms to combat corruption, which are sometimes cited as the first example of a
716:
Urukagina solemnly promised
Ningirsu that he would never subjugate the waif and the widow to the powerful.
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1302:
Urukagina, the reformist king. A complete description of the reign of
Urukagina and his social reforms.
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The... administrators no longer plunder the orchards of the poor. When a high quality ass is born to a
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vessel of beer are for the lamentation singers of Lagash. 406 loaves of bread, 2 mud vessels, and 1
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In addition to such changes, two of his other surviving decrees, first published and translated by
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vessel of beer are for the lamentation singers of Girsu. 490 loaves of bread, 2 mud vessels and 1
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1731:
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821:
make him carry his sin upon his neck" (alternatively – "may she carry his sin upon her neck").
6445:
Israel and the
Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History
6366:
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6128:
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4771:
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1005:
912:
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1780:
1287:
1260:– 2015 composite Sumerian text with translation, together with editions of individual cones
1156:
THUREAU-DANGIN, F. (1904). "La Ruine de Shirpourla (Lagash): Sous le Règne d'Ouroukagina".
876:
THUREAU-DANGIN, F. (1904). "La Ruine de Shirpourla (Lagash): Sous le Règne d'Ouroukagina".
324:
5157:
256:, claiming to have been divinely appointed, upon the downfall of his corrupt predecessor,
8:
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751:
664:
on clay tablet, written in year 4 of King Urukagina (circa 2350 BC). From Girsu, Iraq.
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From the border territory of Ningirsu to the sea, no person shall serve as officers.
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1328:
777:
Urukagina participated in several conflicts, notably a losing border conflict with
268:
214:
1343:
1301:
514:
a person has been brought, his beer will be 4 jugs, and his bread 420 loaves. One
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2758:
1858:
1836:
1603:
1281:
826:
312:
279:
He also participated in several conflicts, notably a losing border conflict with
229:
77:
6285:
1523:
6144:
5688:
5581:
5470:
5423:
5384:
5327:
5229:
5165:
5083:
5042:
5036:
5026:
5014:
4798:
4786:
4774:
4694:
4583:
4537:
4447:
4417:
4381:
4245:
4090:
4069:
4063:
4054:
4006:
3976:
3958:
3933:
3921:
3833:
3690:
3561:
3412:
3274:
3268:
3171:
3163:
3099:
3072:
3036:
2869:
2636:
2633:
2534:
1942:
1707:
1613:
1590:
1482:
665:
218:
6484:
6439:
6362:
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6219:
6151:
6031:
5676:
5673:
5426:
5420:
5380:
5336:
5244:
5205:
5039:
4978:
4879:
4876:
4804:
4789:
4750:
4747:
4690:
4629:
4511:
4217:
4210:
4187:
4081:
4075:
4039:
3961:
3917:
3874:
3666:
3564:
3558:
3516:
3415:
3218:
3180:
2953:
2839:
2753:
2563:
2514:
2269:
2253:
1946:
1872:
1833:
1807:
1801:
1762:
1703:
1674:
1399:
1169:
889:
810:
782:
590:
467:
363:
352:
284:
97:
3301:
526:
of barley shall the persons of ... take away. One woman's headband, and one
477:
6392:
6189:
6067:
6001:
5919:
5910:
5841:
5767:
5670:
5414:
5315:
5238:
5092:
5048:
4928:
4853:
4813:
4744:
4741:
4735:
4674:
4626:
4614:
4528:
4505:
4498:
4414:
4408:
4378:
4190:
4162:
4144:
4135:
4084:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3770:
3740:
3546:
3458:
3355:
3292:
3240:
3069:
2794:
2729:
2719:
2630:
2581:
2466:
2446:
2442:
2227:
2091:
1951:
1931:
1884:
1843:
1630:
1585:
1434:
1419:
608:
489:
356:
252:, and the last ruler of the 1st Dynasty of Lagash. He assumed the title of
767:
648:
168:
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6004:
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5980:
5974:
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4662:
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4492:
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4399:
4387:
4358:
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4184:
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4018:
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2900:
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2342:
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2330:
2300:
2286:
2249:
2099:
2008:
1923:
1893:
1879:
1648:
1634:
1579:
1514:
1444:
1414:
1335:
742:
249:
3370:
1177:
897:
688:
He removed the silo supervisor from control over the grain taxes of the
6213:
6210:
6192:
6169:
6154:
6148:
6028:
6025:
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5971:
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5809:
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4620:
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4489:
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4132:
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3862:
3821:
3811:
3805:
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3755:
3743:
3731:
3728:
3698:
3644:
3641:
3454:
3433:
3409:
3385:
3214:
3105:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3003:
2894:
2780:
2735:
2723:
2567:
2405:
2401:
2350:
2171:
2079:
2005:
2001:
1745:
1618:
1568:
1562:
825:
Lugal-Zage-Si himself was soon defeated and his kingdom was annexed by
757:
Transcription of the lamentation about the fall of Lagash: "The man of
653:
378:
336:
332:
264:
237:
4364:
781:. In the seventh year of his reign, Uruk fell under the leadership of
483:
Cone of Urukagina (transcription). Here Urukagina appears as "King of
283:. In the seventh year of his reign, Uruk fell under the leadership of
6222:
6165:
6022:
5992:
5986:
5977:
5962:
5956:
5938:
5913:
5791:
5773:
5560:
5557:
5417:
5344:
5330:
5301:
5289:
5211:
5182:
4922:
4916:
4681:
4611:
4568:
4565:
4514:
4297:
4214:
4200:
4197:
4153:
4147:
4129:
4051:
4042:
4012:
4009:
4000:
3982:
3979:
3817:
3814:
3678:
3674:
3650:
3598:
3585:
3555:
3450:
3446:
3324:
3184:
2921:
2912:
2881:
2798:
2775:
2739:
2624:
2547:
2470:
2462:
2429:
2326:
2310:
2282:
2245:
2114:
2072:
1889:
1768:
1654:
1317:
706:
697:
661:
367:
272:
257:
87:
388:
6172:
5998:
5959:
5953:
5830:
5411:
5408:
5353:
5350:
5292:
5223:
5173:
5136:
4989:
4531:
4390:
4372:
4355:
4293:
4220:
4194:
4141:
4123:
4033:
3908:
3799:
3790:
3778:
3746:
3710:
3686:
3636:
3604:
3580:
3552:
3522:
3510:
3503:
3489:
3483:
3418:
3328:
3310:
3222:
3200:
3196:
3081:
3007:
2836:
2790:
2767:
2762:
2693:
2688:
2657:
2474:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2265:
2186:
2031:
1863:
1853:
1848:
1839:
1775:
1758:
1529:
1476:
802:
606:
Transcription of cone AO3149. Urkagina appears as "King of Lagash".
372:
296:
6401:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
5390:
6225:
6053:
6034:
6019:
6013:
6007:
5341:
5286:
5179:
5176:
5124:
4975:
4717:
4656:
4577:
4571:
4312:
4306:
4078:
4048:
3903:
3793:
3758:
3549:
3492:
3393:
3362:
3066:
2615:
2558:
2487:
2382:
2374:
2239:
2174:
1981:
1978:
1963:
1959:
1771:
1765:
1749:
1627:
761:
set fire to the Ekisurra...". Here Urukagina appears as "King of
175:
108:
3478:
814:
304:
58:
6016:
6010:
5968:
5879:
5347:
5298:
4873:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
4671:
4574:
4559:
4543:
4288:
4273:
4138:
4045:
4036:
3970:
3927:
3796:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3682:
3654:
3595:
3486:
3381:
3208:
3087:
2999:
2987:
2618:
2575:
2540:
2521:
2493:
2390:
2322:
2260:
2203:
2155:
2064:
2035:
1991:
1988:
1938:
1868:
1786:
1739:
1689:
1664:
1659:
1638:
1455:
1429:
1404:
818:
657:
484:
344:
308:
241:
160:
146:
63:
31:
3473:
3025:
2697:
2295:
2290:
2118:
2103:
1293:"The Law Reforms of King Uru-inimgina of Lagash", pp. 8–10 in
6216:
6198:
4713:
4319:
4300:
3366:
3277:
3248:
3175:
2907:
2571:
2458:
2377:
2305:
2182:
2178:
2060:
1998:
1994:
1955:
1742:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1642:
1424:
941:. History-world.org. Archived from the original on 2018-11-17
806:
762:
340:
300:
253:
245:
178:
67:
3590:
2552:
5170:
4934:
4861:
4705:
4461:
3572:
3427:
3349:
3190:
3118:
2947:
2833:
2664:
2639:
2527:
2508:
2277:
2235:
2190:
2130:
2068:
2015:
1984:
1913:
1813:
1755:
1752:
1699:
1543:
1535:
1505:
1465:
1449:
1439:
1409:
798:
790:
778:
758:
511:
292:
280:
720:
3167:
660:
rations issued monthly to adults and children written in
6336:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
745:, Urukagina period, circa 2350 BCE Tello, ancient Girsu.
359:, who had been an important personage in her own right.
2804:
1460:
990:"Social Reform in Mesopotamia", Benjamin R. Foster, in
704:
When the house of an aristocrat adjoins the house of a
6315:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
1295:
Women, Crime and Punishment in Ancient Law and Society
559:
of barley are for the person who is to perform as the
211:
207:
173:
3836:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
2904:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
1194:
The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character
379:
Excerpt of some regulations from the Reform document
347:"), appears for the first time in recorded history.
186:), in the "Lamentation for the destruction of Umma".
1373:
2707:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
1007:Archaeological History Of The Ancient Middle East
914:Archaeological History Of The Ancient Middle East
6482:
555:60 loaves of bread, 1 mud vessel of beer, and 3
520:of barley shall the undertaker take away, and 3
1158:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
878:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
673:abuses of power that had taken hold in Lagash.
1155:
875:
1359:
6350:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
6324:
3828:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
2421:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
1263:Urukagina's "reform document" (in Sumerian)
1197:. University of Chicago Press. p. 322.
994:, K. Irani and M. Silver eds., 1995, p. 169.
6360:
5577:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
805:. ... Offence there was none in Urukagina,
643:
417:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
299:. ... Offence there was none in Urukagina,
1366:
1352:
801:(Lugalzagesi) ... committed a sin against
6277:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
2873:"King of the four quarters of the world"
437:Learn how and when to remove this message
6448:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
741:Lamentation about the fall of Lagash to
647:
507:of barley shall the person(s) take away.
167:
6293:
1003:
910:
721:Lament about the fall of Lagash to Umma
6483:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6158:
5388:
5186:
2966:
2957:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
2861:
1785:
1190:
6438:
6283:
6250:
6245:
6236:
6188:
6127:
6122:
6113:
6108:
6099:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6065:
5931:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5883:
5874:
5864:
5859:
5848:
5839:
5733:
5468:
5375:
5273:
5263:
5149:
4997:
4906:
4728:
4721:
4679:
4603:
4581:
4549:
4535:
4504:
4488:
4362:
4334:
4310:
4265:
4226:
4171:
4107:
3940:
3925:
3902:
3889:
3852:
3702:
3659:
3533:
3509:
3501:
3464:
3402:
3391:
3361:
3345:
3314:
3281:
3261:
3239:
3206:
3115:
3047:
3035:
2994:
2906:
2898:
2826:
2607:
2361:
2354:
2316:
2243:
2225:
2194:
2147:
2113:
2098:
2090:
2077:
2058:
2046:
2029:
2013:
1976:
1929:
1903:
1825:
1790:
1718:
1542:
1511:
1504:
1493:
1474:
1347:
6391:
1060:From Eve to Dawn: A History of Women
728:Lamentation about the fall of Lagash
415:adding citations to reliable sources
382:
303:of Girsu, but as for Lugal-Zage-Si,
6415:
992:Social Justice in the Ancient World
13:
6371:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
6290:Chronology of the Neolithic period
5942:
5572:
5389:
5371:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
5156:
5047:
4363:
4335:
4278:
4108:
3715:
3369:
1730:
1237:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
1219:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
1139:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
1091:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
1073:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
974:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
859:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
339:owners, and took measures against
14:
6522:
5947:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
4283:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
2094:("made the land of Elam submit")
1284: (archived November 17, 2018)
1251:
172:Title "Urakagina king of Girsu" (
16:24th century BC Mesopotamian King
6368:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
6294:
6284:
3589:
3477:
3472:
3300:
3029:
3024:
2855:
2701:
2696:
2551:
2450:
2381:
2294:
2289:
2159:
2122:
2117:
2107:
2102:
1897:
1547:
1534:
1522:
1487:
1278:A partial translation in English
766:
750:
734:
631:
616:
607:
599:
581:
569:
532:of princely fragrance shall the
488:
476:
458:
387:
138:
131:
42:
6432:
6385:
6354:
6340:
6318:
6309:
5365:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
1229:
1211:
1184:
1149:
1131:
1120:
1101:
1083:
1065:
1052:
6491:24th-century BC Sumerian kings
6300:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
5438:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
4985:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
4909:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
3471:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
1037:
1024:
997:
984:
966:
931:
904:
869:
851:
626:. 20th century reconstitution.
331:. It limited the power of the
139:
1:
6270:Muslim conquest of the Levant
5516:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
5459:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
5444:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
5282:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
5152:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
4953:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
4652:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
226:
4819:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
1553:(Uruk influence or control)
1191:Kramer, Samuel Noah (1971).
212:
7:
5513:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
4552:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4351:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
3898:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
3892:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
3152:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
2139:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
1540:(Anonymous "King-priests")
1495:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
839:List of ancient legal codes
832:
452:"Reforms" cone of Urukagina
10:
6527:
6305:
6140:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
5567:
5450:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
5334:
5308:
5260:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
4606:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
4371:Third Babylonian dynasty (
4268:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4230:Second Intermediate Period
3040:(vassal of the Akkadians)
2428:
1573:Early or legendary kings:
939:"The Reforms of Urukagina"
318:
206:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6231:
6181:
6178:
6137:
6096:
6062:
6043:
5885:Parthamaspates of Parthia
5871:
5836:
5695:
5663:
5456:
5435:
5362:
5359:
5265:Assyrian conquest of Elam
5258:
5146:
5112:
5046:
5007:
4871:
4860:
4817:
4645:Third Intermediate Period
4460:
4331:
4175:Second Babylonian dynasty
4120:("Old Babylonian Period")
3886:
3838:
3602:
3570:
3542:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
3514:
3498:
3445:
3442:
3425:
3347:
3332:
3291:
3258:
3204:
3188:
3162:
3154:
3125:
3050:First Intermediate Period
3044:
3020:
2976:
2961:
2945:
2920:
2911:
2885:
2880:
2692:
2671:
2652:
2643:
2604:
2579:
2562:
2538:
2525:
2520:
2506:
2491:
2482:
2434:
2410:
2335:
2275:
2258:
2223:
2202:
2196:Early Dynastic Period III
2144:
2128:
2056:
2054:
2043:
1970:
1921:
1911:
1822:
1799:
1715:
1646:
1577:
1560:
1557:
1498:
1471:
1398:
1382:
1332:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1010:. Routledge. p. 46.
958:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
917:. Routledge. p. 46.
817:of Umma, may his goddess
307:of Umma, may his goddess
117:
107:
103:
93:
83:
73:
56:
41:
26:
21:
6511:3rd-millennium BC deaths
6506:3rd-millennium BC births
6263:Muslim conquest of Egypt
5727:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
5558:Cleopatra VII Philopator
5055:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
4117:First Babylonian dynasty
3855:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
3359:(vassal of the Gutians)
3056:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
2048:Early Dynastic Period II
844:
644:Praise poem of Urukagina
624:The Reforms of Urukagina
588:Reform cone of Urukagina
184:Urukagina lugal Girsu-ki
6348:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
6091:Province of Mesopotamia
5900:Province of Mesopotamia
5876:Province of Mesopotamia
5851:Roman conquest of Egypt
5692:Antigonus II Mattathias
5486:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
5059:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
3536:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
3062:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
2370:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
1905:Early Dynastic Period I
1828:Second Dynasty of Egypt
5948:
5730:Philip II Philoromaeus
5724:Antiochus XII Dionysus
5718:Demetrius III Eucaerus
5715:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
5706:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
5578:
5546:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
5501:Arsinoe III Philopator
5394:
5162:
5052:
4889:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
4821:Second Dynasty of Isin
4368:
4341:
4284:
4113:
3996:(Non-dynastic usurpers
3720:
3405:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
3374:
3264:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
2829:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
2610:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
2437:Second kingdom of Mari
2150:Third Dynasty of Egypt
2084:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
1736:
1727:First Dynasty of Egypt
1004:Finegan, Jack (2019).
911:Finegan, Jack (2019).
823:
669:
351:"Household of goddess
187:
159:Urukagina was king of
6334:The Ancient Near East
6252:Byzantine Mesopotamia
6166:Province of Asoristan
6129:Byzantine Mesopotamia
5946:
5939:Province of Asoristan
5721:Philip I Philadelphus
5709:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
5703:Antiochus VIII Grypus
5700:Seleucus V Philometor
5655:Antiochus VII Sidetes
5649:Antiochus VI Dionysus
5576:
5549:Berenice IV Epiphanea
5510:Ptolemy VI Philometor
5498:Ptolemy IV Philopator
5495:Berenice II Euergetis
5492:Ptolemy III Euergetes
5393:
5311:Neo-Babylonian Empire
5221:Marduk-apla-iddina II
5218:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
5209:Marduk-apla-iddina II
5160:
5115:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
5051:
4772:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
4462:Middle Elamite period
4367:
4339:
4282:
4112:
3719:
3373:
3128:Third kingdom of Mari
2849:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1924:First kingdom of Mari
1734:
1721:Early Dynastic Period
1563:Proto-Dynastic period
1032:Archaeology and Women
1030:Katherine I. Wright,
809:of Girsu, but as for
795:
651:
563:priest, king, or god.
510:When to the reeds of
171:
113:1st Dynasty of Lagash
5697:Alexander II Zabinas
5561:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
5537:Ptolemy XI Alexander
5519:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
5074:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
5062:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
4886:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
4827:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
4451:Marduk-apla-iddina I
4345:New Kingdom of Egypt
4168:Early Kassite rulers
3462:(Vassals of Ur III)
3443:(Vassals of UR III)
2843:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
2813:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
2364:Old Kingdom of Egypt
1258:Reforms of Urukagina
1110:"CDLI-Archival View"
1049:by Walter Wink, 1992
411:improve this section
156:class=notpageimage|
6501:Ancient legislators
6202:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
5712:Antiochus X Eusebes
5540:Ptolemy XII Auletes
5531:Ptolemy X Alexander
5525:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
5504:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
5189:Neo-Assyrian Empire
5077:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
5010:Neo-Assyrian Empire
4833:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
4724:Syro-Hittite states
4430:Shagarakti-Shuriash
4103:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
3097:Neferkare Pepiseneb
2996:Akkadian Governors:
1500:Pre-Dynastic period
1127:Praise of Urukagina
6428:Sumerian King List
6242:Palaestina Secunda
6119:Palaestina Secunda
5949:
5680:Alexander Jannaeus
5579:
5569:Hellenistic Period
5395:
5163:
5141:Humban-haltash III
5105:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
5053:
5018:Tukulti-Ninurta II
4999:Kingdom of Samaria
4895:Mar-biti-apla-usur
4892:Shirikti-shuqamuna
4862:Neo-Elamite period
4845:Marduk-shapik-zeri
4830:Itti-Marduk-balatu
4811:Tiglath-Pileser II
4808:Ashur-resh-ishi II
4763:Enlil-kudurri-usur
4454:Zababa-shuma-iddin
4439:Kadashman-Harbe II
4424:Kadashman-Enlil II
4369:
4342:
4285:
4114:
4100:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
4097:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
4088:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
3847:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
3721:
3375:
2750:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
2131:Old Elamite period
2023:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
1876:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
1793:Jemdet Nasr period
1737:
1241:cartelfr.louvre.fr
1223:cartelfr.louvre.fr
1143:cartelfr.louvre.fr
1095:cartelfr.louvre.fr
1077:cartelfr.louvre.fr
978:cartelfr.louvre.fr
863:cartelfr.louvre.fr
670:
465:Cone of Urukagina,
236:) was King of the
188:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6455:978-1-62564-606-4
6440:Unger, Merrill F.
6408:978-0-14-193825-7
6378:978-1-60606-649-2
6145:Province of Egypt
6076:Province of Egypt
5856:Province of Egypt
5598:Antigonid dynasty
5398:Achaemenid Empire
5319:Nebuchadnezzar II
5227:Ashur-nadin-shumi
5096:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
5068:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
4883:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
4851:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
4842:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
4784:Asharid-apal-Ekur
4781:Tiglath-Pileser I
4778:Ashur-resh-ishi I
4766:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
4754:Tukulti-Ninurta I
4701:Kingdom of Israel
4669:Osorkon the Elder
4590:Shutrukid dynasty
4475:Igehalkid dynasty
4442:Adad-shuma-iddina
4436:Enlil-nadin-shumi
4403:Kadashman-Enlil I
4397:Kadashman-harbe I
3841:Sukkalmah dynasty
3705:Isin-Larsa period
3527:Shimashki Dynasty
3253:Puzur-Inshushinak
2852:Netjerkare Siptah
2622:Neferirkare Kakai
2167:Egyptian pyramids
1376:Ancient Near East
1342:
1341:
1333:Succeeded by
1204:978-0-226-45238-8
1107:Transliteration:
1017:978-0-429-72638-5
924:978-0-429-72638-5
447:
446:
439:
234:middle chronology
221:
127:
126:
122:Sumerian religion
6518:
6460:
6459:
6436:
6430:
6424:
6413:
6412:
6389:
6383:
6382:
6361:Thomas, Ariane;
6358:
6352:
6351:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6322:
6316:
6313:
6298:
6288:
6238:Palaestina Prima
6184:Byzantine Empire
6115:Palaestina Prima
6102:Byzantine Empire
6081:Syria Palaestina
6046:Palmyrene Empire
6032:Bahram VI Chobin
5895:Syria Palaestina
5683:Salome Alexandra
5666:Kingdom of Judea
5652:Diodotus Tryphon
5507:Cleopatra I Syra
5483:Ptolemy Keraunos
5251:Ashur-uballit II
5248:Sin-shumu-lishir
5242:Ashur-etil-ilani
5197:Sargonid dynasty
5090:Marduk-apla-usur
5071:Nabu-apla-iddina
5065:Shamash-mudammiq
5021:Ashurnasirpal II
5004:Kingdom of Judah
4848:Adad-apla-iddina
4839:Enlil-nadin-apli
4836:Nebuchadnezzar I
4760:Ashur-nirari III
4757:Ashur-nadin-apli
4595:Shutruk-Nakhunte
4480:Untash-Napirisha
4469:Kidinuid dynasty
4067:Shamshi-Adad III
3775:Dynasty of Larsa
3593:
3481:
3476:
3304:
3157:Shar-Kali-Sharri
3091:Neferkare Tereru
3079:Neferkare Khendu
3033:
3028:
2859:
2818:Kiku-siwe-tempti
2705:
2700:
2555:
2484:Kish III dynasty
2454:
2385:
2298:
2293:
2198:(2600–2340 BCE)
2163:
2126:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2050:(2700–2600 BCE)
1907:(2900–2700 BCE)
1901:
1818:(3100–2700 BCE)
1797:(3100–2900 BCE)
1551:
1538:
1526:
1502:(4000–2900 BCE)
1491:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1329:24th century BCE
1315:Preceded by
1307:
1306:
1245:
1244:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1069:
1063:
1058:Marilyn French,
1056:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1001:
995:
988:
982:
981:
970:
964:
963:
957:
949:
947:
946:
935:
929:
928:
908:
902:
901:
873:
867:
866:
855:
770:
754:
738:
635:
620:
611:
603:
585:
573:
492:
480:
462:
442:
435:
431:
428:
422:
391:
383:
269:recorded history
228:
224:
213:
210:
209:
181:
163:, circa 2400 BC.
142:
141:
135:
46:
19:
18:
6526:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6496:Kings of Lagash
6481:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6473:
6464:
6463:
6456:
6437:
6433:
6425:
6416:
6409:
6390:
6386:
6379:
6359:
6355:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6310:
6247:Byzantine Syria
6233:Byzantine Egypt
6208:Farrukh Hormizd
6168:
6164:
6161:Sasanian Empire
6147:
6143:
6124:Byzantine Syria
6110:Byzantine Egypt
6049:
5941:
5937:
5934:Sasanian Empire
5854:
5759:Mithridates III
5739:
5736:Parthian Empire
5669:
5608:Seleucid Empire
5605:
5595:
5571:
5480:Ptolemy I Soter
5478:
5475:Ptolemaic Egypt
5447:
5441:
5401:
5383:
5379:
5377:Kings of Byblos
5368:
5340:
5314:
5285:
5279:
5253:
5233:Mushezib-Marduk
5203:Tiglath-Pileser
5201:
5192:
5169:
5155:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5110:
5108:Nabu-mukin-zeri
5102:Nabu-nadin-zeri
5087:Marduk-bel-zeri
5080:Baba-aha-iddina
5057:
5034:Adad-nirari III
5024:Shalmaneser III
5013:
5002:
5001:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:Menkheperre Ini
4956:
4949:
4948:
4912:
4898:Nabû-mukin-apli
4875:
4864:(1100–540 BCE)
4857:Nabu-shum-libur
4825:
4802:Ashur-nirari IV
4796:Ashurnasirpal I
4793:Shamshi-Adad IV
4739:Ashur-uballit I
4734:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4687:Kings of Byblos
4685:
4655:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4610:
4609:
4593:
4587:
4555:
4542:
4541:
4523:Neferneferuaten
4483:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4465:(1500–1100 BCE)
4457:Enlil-nadin-ahi
4445:Adad-shuma-usur
4433:Kashtiliashu IV
4421:Kadashman-Turgu
4406:Burnaburiash II
4385:Kashtiliash III
4377:
4354:
4348:
4318:
4317:(1600–1260 BCE)
4316:
4286:
4277:
4271:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4213:
4208:Peshgaldaramesh
4203:
4193:
4183:
4179:Sealand Dynasty
4176:
4173:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4128:
4121:
4119:
4094:Ashur-nirari II
4073:Puzur-Ashur III
4061:Shamshi-Adad II
4032:
4030:
4028:Adaside dynasty
4025:
4024:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3946:
3937:
3931:
3920:
3916:
3914:Kings of Byblos
3912:
3906:
3895:
3858:
3845:
3844:
3826:Uruk VI dynasty
3824:
3773:
3724:Dynasty of Isin
3714:
3708:
3697:
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3358:
3354:
3340:
3336:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3286:(2150–2000 BCE)
3267:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3199:
3195:
3183:
3179:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3076:Djedkare Shemai
3065:
3059:
3053:
3039:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2985:Sargon of Akkad
2983:
2982:
2979:Akkadian Empire
2971:(2340–2150 BCE)
2969:Akkadian Period
2956:
2952:
2940:
2936:
2915:
2903:
2893:
2889:
2872:
2868:
2854:
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2677:
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2473:
2469:
2465:
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2432:(2500-539 BCE)
2420:
2416:
2386:
2380:
2373:
2367:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2309:
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2271:
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2264:
2252:
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2238:
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2232:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2137:
2136:
2135:(2700–1500 BCE)
2134:
2082:
2071:
2034:("conqueror of
2020:
2004:
1997:
1987:
1973:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1936:
1927:
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1896:
1832:
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1811:
1805:
1796:
1738:
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1711:
1652:
1583:
1572:
1566:
1552:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1519:(4000–3100 BCE)
1518:
1512:
1486:
1480:
1452:
1433:
1423:
1396:
1394:
1378:
1372:
1338:
1326:
1324:King of Lagash
1320:
1282:Wayback Machine
1254:
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1230:
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1102:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1062:, 2008, p. 100.
1057:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1034:, 2007, p. 206.
1029:
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936:
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909:
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874:
870:
857:
856:
852:
847:
835:
827:Sargon of Akkad
775:
774:
773:
772:
771:
755:
747:
746:
739:
730:
729:
723:
646:
639:
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621:
612:
604:
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593:
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392:
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321:
313:Sargon of Akkad
230:24th century BC
166:
165:
164:
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152:
151:
150:
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143:
78:24th century BC
52:
50:Musée du Louvre
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6524:
6514:
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6508:
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6431:
6414:
6407:
6384:
6377:
6363:Potts, Timothy
6353:
6339:
6317:
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6303:
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6292:
6281:
6280:
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6266:
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5888:
5887:
5882:
5873:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5846:
5845:
5838:
5837:30 BCE–116 CE
5834:
5833:
5771:Mithridates IV
5753:Mithridates II
5732:
5694:
5689:Aristobulus II
5662:
5658:
5657:
5582:Argead dynasty
5566:
5471:Argead dynasty
5467:
5463:
5462:
5454:
5453:
5433:
5432:
5424:Artaxerxes III
5387:
5385:Kings of Sidon
5374:
5361:
5357:
5356:
5333:
5328:Labashi-Marduk
5307:
5272:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5230:Nergal-ushezib
5185:
5166:Black Pharaohs
5148:
5144:
5143:
5111:
5084:Ninurta-apla-X
5045:
5043:Ashur-nirari V
5037:Shalmaneser IV
5027:Shamshi-Adad V
5015:Adad-nirari II
5006:
4996:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4859:
4816:
4799:Shalmaneser II
4787:Ashur-bel-kala
4775:Mutakkil-Nusku
4731:Middle Assyria
4727:
4720:
4695:Kings of Sidon
4678:
4602:
4601:1155–1025 BCE
4598:
4597:
4584:Elamite Empire
4580:
4547:
4546:
4538:Hittite Empire
4534:
4502:
4501:
4486:
4485:
4459:
4448:Meli-Shipak II
4418:Nazi-Maruttash
4382:Burnaburiash I
4361:
4333:
4332:1531–1155 BCE
4329:
4328:
4309:
4264:
4224:
4223:
4170:
4106:
4091:Enlil-Nasir II
4070:Ashur-nirari I
4064:Ishme-Dagan II
4055:Sharma-Adad II
4007:Ashur-apla-idi
3998:1735–1701 BCE)
3977:Ashur-apla-idi
3959:Shamshi-Adad I
3954:1808–1736 BCE)
3939:
3934:Yamhad dynasty
3924:
3922:Kings of Sidon
3901:
3888:
3887:1800–1595 BCE
3884:
3883:
3850:
3849:
3837:
3701:
3691:Puzur-Ashur II
3658:
3601:
3568:
3567:
3562:Mentuhotep III
3531:
3530:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3499:2025-1763 BCE
3496:
3495:
3467:Ur III dynasty
3463:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3424:
3413:Neferkare VIII
3401:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3388:
3360:
3346:
3344:
3331:
3317:Gutian dynasty
3313:
3289:
3288:
3280:
3275:Nebkaure Khety
3269:Meryibre Khety
3260:
3256:
3255:
3238:
3205:
3203:
3187:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3124:
3114:
3100:Neferkamin Anu
3073:Neferkare Neby
3046:
3042:
3041:
3037:Lugal-ushumgal
3034:
3019:
3015:
3014:
2993:
2974:
2973:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2944:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2910:
2905:
2897:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2870:Lugalannemundu
2860:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2801:
2784:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2742:
2726:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2637:Djedkare Isesi
2634:Menkauhor Kaiu
2606:
2602:
2601:
2578:
2561:
2537:
2535:Pabilgagaltuku
2524:
2519:
2505:
2494:Akshak dynasty
2490:
2481:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2409:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2334:
2319:Enun-dara-anna
2314:
2313:
2274:
2257:
2242:
2224:
2222:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2127:
2112:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2087:
2076:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2027:
2026:
2012:
1975:
1968:
1967:
1943:Kullassina-bel
1928:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1798:
1789:
1784:
1735:Narmer Palette
1717:
1716:3100–2900 BCE
1713:
1712:
1645:
1575:
1574:
1559:
1558:3200–3100 BCE
1555:
1554:
1541:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1492:
1473:
1472:4000–3200 BCE
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1374:Rulers of the
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
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1339:
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1331:
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1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:Regnal titles
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1304:
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1275:
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1253:
1252:External links
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1016:
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843:
842:
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666:British Museum
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464:
457:
456:
455:
451:
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444:
395:
393:
386:
380:
377:
337:large property
320:
317:
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153:
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137:
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115:
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39:
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35:
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32:King of Lagash
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6523:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6457:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6410:
6404:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6393:Roux, Georges
6388:
6380:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6357:
6349:
6343:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6321:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6287:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6272:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6239:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6220:Yazdegerd III
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6186:
6185:
6177:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6156:
6153:
6152:Sahralanyozan
6150:
6146:
6141:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6116:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6095:
6092:
6087:
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6077:
6073:
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5958:
5955:
5952:
5945:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5908:Mithridates V
5906:
5905:Sinatruces II
5901:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5881:
5877:
5870:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5828:Artabanus III
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5798:Tiridates III
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5741:Mithridates I
5738:
5737:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5677:Aristobulus I
5675:
5674:John Hyrcanus
5672:
5668:
5667:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5643:Alexander III
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5628:Antiochus III
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5587:Alexander III
5584:
5583:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5522:Cleopatra III
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5427:Artaxerxes IV
5425:
5422:
5421:Artaxerxes II
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5392:
5386:
5382:
5381:Kings of Tyre
5378:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5337:Median Empire
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5245:Sinsharishkun
5243:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5198:
5191:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5167:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:(five kings)
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5040:Ashur-Dan III
5038:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4880:Ea-mukin-zeri
4878:
4877:Simbar-shipak
4874:
4869:1025–934 BCE
4868:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4805:Ashur-rabi II
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4790:Eriba-Adad II
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:Shalmaneser I
4749:
4748:Adad-nirari I
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4696:
4692:
4691:Kings of Tyre
4688:
4684:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4630:Ramesses VIII
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4512:Amenhotep III
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4281:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4218:Melamkurkurra
4216:
4212:
4211:Ayadaragalama
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4188:Itti-ili-nibi
4186:
4182:
4180:
4169:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4082:Ashur-shaduni
4080:
4077:
4076:Enlil-nasir I
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4040:Sharma-Adad I
4038:
4035:
4031:1700–722 BCE)
4029:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3962:Ishme-Dagan I
3960:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3918:Kings of Tyre
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3875:Amenemhat III
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3667:Puzur-Ashur I
3664:
3663:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3574:
3573:Third Eblaite
3569:
3566:
3565:Mentuhotep IV
3563:
3560:
3559:Mentuhotep II
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:Wahkare Khety
3414:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:Ur III period
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:Neferkare VII
3270:
3266:
3265:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3219:Ur-Ningirsu I
3216:
3212:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:Lugal-kisalsi
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2140:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1947:Nangishlishma
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1914:First Eblaite
1910:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:Seth-Peribsen
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:Hotepsekhemwy
1830:
1829:
1821:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:Proto-Elamite
1795:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:Double Falcon
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1115:
1114:cdli.ucla.edu
1111:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1000:
993:
987:
979:
975:
969:
961:
955:
940:
934:
926:
920:
916:
915:
907:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
864:
860:
854:
850:
840:
837:
836:
830:
828:
822:
820:
816:
812:
811:Lugal-Zage-Si
808:
804:
800:
794:
792:
788:
784:
783:Lugal-Zage-Si
780:
769:
764:
760:
753:
744:
737:
715:
712:
709:
708:
703:
700:
699:
694:
691:
687:
684:
680:
676:
675:
674:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
634:
629:
625:
619:
614:
610:
602:
597:
592:
591:Louvre Museum
584:
579:
572:
567:
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:
548:
544:
540:
535:
531:
530:
525:
524:
519:
518:
513:
509:
506:
502:
499:
498:
491:
486:
479:
469:
468:Louvre Museum
461:
441:
438:
430:
420:
416:
412:
406:
405:
401:
396:This section
394:
390:
385:
384:
376:
374:
369:
365:
364:Samuel Kramer
360:
358:
354:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:Lugal-Zage-Si
282:
277:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
223:
220:
216:
204:
200:
196:
195:Uru-inim-gina
192:
185:
180:
177:
170:
162:
157:
148:
134:
123:
120:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
99:
98:Lugal-zage-si
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
29:
25:
20:
6444:
6434:
6398:Ancient Iraq
6397:
6387:
6367:
6356:
6342:
6333:
6320:
6311:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6190:Ardashir III
6182:
6159:
6100:
6068:Roman Empire
6066:
6044:
6002:Yazdegerd II
5932:
5923:Artabanus IV
5920:Vologases VI
5911:Vologases IV
5842:Roman Empire
5840:
5825:Vologases II
5801:Artabanus II
5795:Artabanus II
5780:Tiridates II
5768:Phraates III
5734:
5671:Simon Thassi
5664:
5646:Demetrius II
5634:Antiochus IV
5625:Seleucus III
5619:Antiochus II
5606:
5596:
5593:Alexander IV
5580:
5568:
5552:Ptolemy XIII
5534:Berenice III
5528:Cleopatra IV
5469:
5466:331–141 BCE
5457:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5415:Artaxerxes I
5396:
5363:
5360:539–331 BCE
5335:
5316:Nabopolassar
5309:
5280:
5274:
5271:626–539 BCE
5239:Ashurbanipal
5194:
5193:
5187:
5150:
5147:745–609 BCE
5113:
5093:Eriba-Marduk
5054:
5008:
4983:
4951:
4950:
4940:
4929:Shoshenq III
4907:
4904:911–745 BCE
4872:
4854:Marduk-zer-X
4818:
4814:Ashur-dan II
4745:Arik-den-ili
4742:Enlil-nirari
4736:Eriba-Adad I
4729:
4722:
4699:
4680:
4675:Psusennes II
4650:
4649:
4643:
4627:Ramesses VII
4615:Ramesses III
4604:
4588:
4582:
4550:
4536:
4517:
4506:Amenhotep II
4499:Thutmose III
4473:
4467:
4464:
4415:Kurigalzu II
4409:Kara-hardash
4379:Agum-Kakrime
4370:
4349:
4343:
4311:
4294:'Aper-'Anati
4292:
4287:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4191:Damqi-ilishu
4174:
4163:Samsu-Ditana
4145:Sin-muballit
4136:Sin-muballit
4115:
4085:Ashur-rabi I
3950:Shamshi-Adad
3947:
3941:
3926:
3896:
3890:
3878:Amenemhat IV
3872:Senusret III
3866:Amenemhat II
3853:
3839:
3825:
3774:
3771:Damiq-ilishu
3741:Lipit-Eshtar
3722:
3703:
3660:
3628:
3624:
3608:Shakkanakkus
3571:
3547:Mentuhotep I
3540:
3534:
3515:
3502:
3465:
3459:Puzur-Ishtar
3426:
3421:
3403:
3356:Lugalannatum
3348:
3315:
3282:
3262:
3241:Hishep-Ratep
3207:
3189:
3126:
3116:
3070:Neferkare II
3060:
3054:
3048:
2995:
2977:
2967:
2946:
2916:
2899:Invasion by
2862:
2827:
2803:
2795:Enannatum II
2759:E-iginimpa'e
2728:
2720:Igrish-Halam
2631:Nyuserre Ini
2608:
2582:Awan dynasty
2580:
2539:
2526:
2507:
2492:
2483:
2467:Ishtup-Ishar
2447:Iku-Shamagan
2443:Ikun-Shamash
2435:
2413:Ur I dynasty
2411:
2404:
2393:
2368:
2362:
2336:
2317:
2276:
2259:
2244:
2226:
2185:
2177:
2148:
2129:
2092:Enmebaragesi
2078:
2059:
2030:
2021:
2014:
1977:
1972:
1952:En-tarah-ana
1937:
1930:
1922:
1912:
1888:
1885:Neferkasokar
1883:
1878:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1826:
1806:
1800:
1791:
1779:
1774:
1725:
1719:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
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1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1633:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1586:Finger Snail
1584:
1578:
1561:
1530:Anu Ziggurat
1513:
1481:
1475:
1393:Territories/
1323:
1294:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1193:
1186:
1164:(1): 26–32.
1161:
1157:
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1142:
1133:
1122:
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1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1059:
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1031:
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1006:
999:
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977:
968:
943:. Retrieved
933:
913:
906:
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881:
877:
871:
862:
853:
824:
797:"the man of
796:
786:
776:
705:
696:
689:
671:
623:
560:
556:
546:
542:
538:
534:eresh-dingir
533:
527:
521:
515:
504:
433:
424:
409:Please help
397:
361:
357:Baranamtarra
349:
322:
288:
278:
262:
198:
194:
190:
189:
183:
57:
27:
6330:Simpson, W.
6258:639–651 CE
6205:Azarmidokht
6196:Khosrow III
6179:628–641 CE
6135:618–628 CE
6097:395–618 CE
6063:273–395 CE
6051:Vaballathus
6041:270–273 CE
6005:Hormizd III
5990:Yazdegerd I
5981:Ardashir II
5975:Adur Narseh
5929:224–270 CE
5917:Vologases V
5891:117–224 CE
5872:116–117 CE
5819:Vardanes II
5816:Vologases I
5807:Gotarzes II
5777:Phraates IV
5747:Hyspaosines
5686:Hyrcanus II
5661:141–30 BCE
5640:Demetrius I
5637:Antiochus V
5631:Seleucus IV
5622:Seleucus II
5616:Antiochus I
5603:Antigonus I
5555:Ptolemy XIV
5543:Cleopatra V
5325:Neriglissar
5322:Amel-Marduk
5305:Psamtik III
5276:Late Period
5215:Sennacherib
5206:Shalmaneser
5133:Tammaritu I
5030:Shammuramat
4973:Takelot III
4970:Osorkon III
4967:Shoshenq VI
4942:Pedubast II
4932:Shoshenq IV
4920:Shoshenq II
4769:Ashur-dan I
4710:Ish-bosheth
4663:Psusennes I
4639:Ramesses XI
4633:Ramesses IX
4624:Ramesses VI
4618:Ramesses IV
4563:Ramesses II
4526:Tutankhamun
4509:Thutmose IV
4493:Thutmose II
4427:Kudur-Enlil
4412:Nazi-Bugash
4400:Kurigalzu I
4388:Ulamburiash
4359:Amenhotep I
4340:Tutankhamun
4326:Parshatatar
4323:Shuttarna I
4256:Seventeenth
4185:Ilum-ma-ili
4160:Ammi-saduqa
4157:Ammi-ditana
4151:Samsu-iluna
4058:Erishum III
4019:Adad-salulu
4016:Ipqi-Ishtar
4004:Ashur-dugul
3989:Adad-salulu
3986:Ipqi-Ishtar
3974:Ashur-dugul
3943:Old Assyria
3938:(Amorites)
3881:Sobekneferu
3869:Senusret II
3860:Amenemhat I
3832:Sîn-iribam
3809:Sin-Iqisham
3803:Sin-Iddinam
3753:Erra-imitti
3750:Lipit-Enlil
3738:Ishme-Dagan
3735:Iddin-Dagan
3671:Shalim-ahum
3662:Old Assyria
3648:Yasmah-Adad
3625:Lim Dynasty
3617:Hanun-Dagan
3613:Hitial-Erra
3378:Ur-Ningirsu
3334:Kuda (Uruk)
3307:Ishgum-Addu
3297:Ishtup-Ilum
3149:Ishma-Dagan
3134:Shakkanakku
3112:Neferirkare
3109:Neferkauhor
3012:Ili-ishmani
2991:Manishtushu
2954:Lugalzagesi
2950:III dynasty
2934:Puzur-Nirah
2649:Ishar-Malik
2628:Shepseskare
2418:Mesannepada
2343:Nin-kisalsi
2331:Lugal-kitun
2301:Meskalamdug
2287:Ur-Pabilsag
2100:Aga of Kish
2009:Barsal-nuna
1894:Khasekhemwy
1880:Neferkara I
1859:Weneg-Nebty
1837:Nebra/Raneb
1649:Lower Egypt
1635:Scorpion II
1580:Upper Egypt
1532:, 4000 BCE)
1515:Uruk period
1336:Lugalzagesi
743:Lugalzagesi
250:Mesopotamia
238:city-states
199:Iri-ka-gina
191:Uru-ka-gina
84:Predecessor
6485:Categories
6214:Khosrow IV
6211:Hormizd VI
6193:Shahrbaraz
6170:Khosrow II
6155:Shahrbaraz
6149:Shahrbaraz
6029:Khosrow II
6026:Hormizd IV
5984:Shapur III
5972:Hormizd II
5966:Bahram III
5951:Ardashir I
5822:Pacorus II
5813:Vonones II
5810:Meherdates
5804:Vardanes I
5789:Orodes III
5786:Phraates V
5765:Sinatruces
5613:Seleucus I
5590:Philip III
5564:Arsinoe IV
5489:Arsinoe II
5430:Darius III
5296:Psamtik II
5236:Esarhaddon
5129:Ummanigash
5099:Nabonassar
4993:Bakenranef
4964:Pedubast I
4961:Takelot II
4958:Harsiese A
4946:Osorkon IV
4938:Shoshenq V
4926:Osorkon II
4914:Shoshenq I
4660:Amenemnisu
4636:Ramesses X
4621:Ramesses V
4569:Amenmesses
4557:Ramesses I
4519:Smenkhkare
4496:Hatshepsut
4490:Thutmose I
4394:Karaindash
4133:Sumu-la-El
3965:Mut-Ashkur
3956:(Amorites)
3863:Senusret I
3822:Rim-Sin II
3812:Silli-Adad
3806:Sin-Eribam
3768:Suen-magir
3765:Ur-du-kuga
3762:Iter-pisha
3756:Enlil-bani
3744:Ur-Ninurta
3732:Shu-Ilishu
3729:Ishbi-Erra
3699:Erishum II
3645:Yahdun-Lim
3642:Yaggid-Lim
3455:Tura-Dagan
3434:Utu-hengal
3410:Meryhathor
3386:Nam-mahani
3352:II dynasty
3321:(21 kings)
3215:Puzer-Mama
3211:II dynasty
3193:IV dynasty
3106:Neferkaure
3103:Qakare Ibi
3094:Neferkahor
3085:Neferkamin
3004:Ilshu-rabi
2895:Ishqi-Mari
2891:Ikun-Ishar
2887:Enna-Dagan
2807:II dynasty
2781:Bara-irnun
2736:Puzur-Suen
2732:IV dynasty
2724:Irkab-Damu
2669:(3 kings)
2595:Ukkutahesh
2568:Meskiagnun
2564:A'annepada
2511:II dynasty
2406:Thamphthis
2402:Shepseskaf
2351:Lugal-dalu
2250:Udulkalama
2230:II dynasty
2172:Sekhemkhet
2080:Lugalbanda
2006:Melem-Kish
2002:En-me-nuna
1787:Canaanites
1781:Horus Bird
1746:Neithhotep
1619:Scorpion I
1569:Naqada III
1045:The Powers
945:2019-12-03
333:priesthood
265:legal code
6326:Hallo, W.
6223:Peroz III
6057:Antiochus
6023:Khosrow I
5993:Shapur IV
5987:Bahram IV
5978:Shapur II
5963:Bahram II
5957:Hormizd I
5914:Osroes II
5792:Vonones I
5774:Orodes II
5750:Artabanus
5418:Darius II
5345:Phraortes
5331:Nabonidus
5302:Ahmose II
5290:Psamtik I
5183:Tanutamun
5032:(regent)
4923:Takelot I
4917:Osorkon I
4682:Phoenicia
4666:Amenemope
4612:Setnakhte
4566:Merneptah
4515:Akhenaten
4298:Sakir-Har
4236:Sixteenth
4215:Akurduana
4201:Gulkishar
4198:Shushushi
4154:Abi-eshuh
4148:Hammurabi
4130:Sumu-abum
4052:Shu-Ninua
4043:Iptar-Sin
4013:Sin-namir
4010:Nasir-Sin
4001:Puzur-Sin
3983:Sin-namir
3980:Nasir-Sin
3834:Sîn-gāmil
3830:Sîn-kāšid
3818:Rim-Sin I
3815:Warad-Sin
3695:Naram-Sin
3679:Erishum I
3675:Ilu-shuma
3651:Zimri-Lim
3599:Indilimma
3586:Ibbit-Lim
3556:Intef III
3519:invasions
3506:invasions
3451:Ili-Ishar
3447:Iddi-ilum
3440:2100 BCE
3430:V dynasty
3400:2125 BCE
3338:Puzur-ili
3325:La-erabum
3259:2150 BCE
3185:Shu-turul
3178:(3 years)
3145:Shu-Dagan
3045:2200 BCE
3022:Naram-Sin
3018:2250 BCE
2962:2340 BCE
2928:2350 BCE
2922:Luh-ishan
2917:Urukagina
2913:Lugalanda
2882:Isar-Damu
2878:2370 BCE
2824:2380 BCE
2799:Enentarzi
2787:Enannatum
2776:Gishakidu
2740:Ur-Zababa
2716:Adub-Damu
2712:2400 BCE
2685:2425 BCE
2679:Napilhush
2667:invasions
2645:Enar-Damu
2625:Neferefre
2605:2450 BCE
2548:Ur-Nanshe
2543:I dynasty
2530:I dynasty
2471:Ikun-Mari
2430:Phoenicia
2426:2500 BCE
2359:2575 BCE
2327:Melamanna
2311:Akalamdug
2283:A-Imdugud
2246:Ur-Nungal
2233:(5 kings)
2220:Baba-Damu
2216:Ibbi-Damu
2145:2600 BCE
2115:Gilgamesh
2073:Iltasadum
2044:2700 BCE
2018:I dynasty
1971:2800 BCE
1934:I dynasty
1890:Hudjefa I
1823:2900 BCE
1769:Semerkhet
1761:(regent)
1748:(regent)
1655:Hedju Hor
1483:Naqada II
1318:Lugalanda
1170:0373-6032
890:0373-6032
707:shublugal
698:shublugal
668:, London.
662:Cuneiform
427:June 2023
398:does not
368:polyandry
273:libations
258:Lugalanda
174:𒌷𒅗𒄀𒈾
94:Successor
88:Lugalanda
22:Urukagina
6442:(2014).
6395:(1992).
6365:(2020).
6332:(1971).
6173:Kavad II
5999:Bahram V
5960:Bahram I
5954:Shapur I
5831:Osroes I
5762:Orodes I
5756:Gotarzes
5744:Phraates
5409:Darius I
5406:Cambyses
5354:Astyages
5351:Cyaxares
5293:Necho II
5224:Bel-ibni
5174:Shebitku
5137:Indabibi
4990:Tefnakht
4532:Horemheb
4391:Agum III
4373:Kassites
4356:Ahmose I
4221:Ea-gamil
4205:DIŠ+U-EN
4195:Ishkibal
4142:Apil-Sin
4124:Amorites
4034:Bel-bani
3909:Biblical
3800:Nur-Adad
3791:Gungunum
3779:Naplanum
3747:Bur-Suen
3711:Amorites
3687:Sargon I
3637:Amorites
3581:Amorites
3553:Intef II
3523:Kindattu
3511:Ibbi-Sin
3490:Amar-Sin
3484:Ur-Nammu
3419:Merykare
3311:Apil-kin
3223:Pirig-me
3201:Ur-gigir
3197:Ur-nigin
3137:dynasty)
3082:Merenhor
3008:Epirmupi
2837:Userkare
2791:Entemena
2768:Ur-Lumma
2763:Meskigal
2694:Eannatum
2689:Kun-Damu
2673:Shushun-
2658:Enakalle
2517:kushanna
2503:Undalulu
2475:Iblul-Il
2399:Menkaure
2395:Bikheris
2388:Djedefre
2347:Me-durba
2272:shaengur
2266:En-hegal
2254:Labashum
2212:Agur-lim
2208:Abur-lim
2187:Qahedjet
2032:Enmerkar
1864:Wadjenes
1854:Horus Sa
1849:Nubnefer
1840:Nynetjer
1814:Susa III
1776:Sneferka
1759:Merneith
1477:Naqada I
1178:23275695
954:cite web
898:23275695
833:See also
815:governor
803:Ningirsu
471:AO 3278.
373:adultery
329:equality
305:governor
297:Ningirsu
208:𒌷𒅗𒄀𒈾
203:Sumerian
118:Religion
6226:Narsieh
6054:Zenobia
6035:Vistahm
6020:Kavad I
6014:Kavad I
6008:Peroz I
5996:Khosrow
5342:Deioces
5299:Wahibre
5287:Necho I
5180:Taharqa
5177:Shabaka
5161:Taharqa
5125:Teumman
4976:Rudamun
4718:Solomon
4657:Smendes
4578:Twosret
4572:Seti II
4313:Mitanni
4307:Khamudi
4261:Dynasty
4251:Dynasty
4241:Dynasty
4079:Nur-ili
4049:Lullaya
3952:dynasty
3904:Abraham
3794:Abisare
3759:Zambiya
3653:(Queen
3605:Amorite
3576:Kingdom
3550:Intef I
3517:Elamite
3504:Amorite
3493:Shu-Sin
3394:Tirigan
3363:Ur-Baba
3293:Nûr-Mêr
3231:Lu-gula
3227:Lu-Baba
3141:Ididish
3122:Kingdom
3119:Eblaite
3117:Second
3067:Menkare
2942:Shu-Sin
2938:Ishu-Il
2866:dynasty
2846:Pepi II
2779:(Queen
2665:Elamite
2616:Userkaf
2559:Akurgal
2488:Ku-Baba
2304:(Queen
2240:Mesilim
2175:Sanakht
2165:(First
1982:Zuqaqip
1979:Kalumum
1964:Kalibum
1960:Puannum
1917:Kingdom
1766:Anedjib
1750:Hor-Aha
1695:Nat-Hor
1628:Iry-Hor
1624:Shendjw
1596:Pen-Abu
1544:Susa II
1280:at the
654:account
594:AO 3149
419:removed
404:sources
325:freedom
319:Reforms
109:Dynasty
6452:
6405:
6375:
6017:Jamasp
6011:Balash
5969:Narseh
5880:Trajan
5878:under
5412:Xerxes
5348:Madyes
5212:Sargon
4672:Siamun
4575:Siptah
4560:Seti I
4544:Ugarit
4289:Semqen
4274:Hyksos
4246:Abydos
4139:Sabium
4046:Bazaya
4037:Libaya
3971:Asinum
3968:Rimush
3928:Yamhad
3820:(...)
3797:Sumuel
3788:Zabaia
3785:Samium
3782:Emisum
3683:Ikunum
3655:Shibtu
3596:Immeya
3487:Shulgi
3382:Ur-gar
3342:Ur-Utu
3209:Lagash
3088:Nikare
3000:Eshpum
2988:Rimush
2840:Pepi I
2675:tarana
2619:Sahure
2599:Hishur
2576:Balulu
2541:Lagash
2522:Mug-si
2515:Ensha-
2463:Sa'umu
2391:Khafre
2375:Snefru
2323:Mes-he
2270:Lugal-
2261:Lagash
2204:Sagisu
2156:Djoser
2065:Tizqar
2036:Aratta
1992:Arwium
1989:Mashda
1939:Jushur
1869:Senedj
1808:period
1740:Narmer
1690:Wazner
1665:Hsekiu
1660:Ny-Hor
1639:Narmer
1609:Canide
1600:Animal
1506:Susa I
1456:Lagash
1430:Akshak
1405:Canaan
1201:
1176:
1168:
1014:
921:
896:
888:
819:Nisaba
658:barley
561:sagbur
485:Lagash
345:ama-gi
309:Nisaba
242:Lagash
222:-gi.na
179:𒄈𒋢𒆠
161:Lagash
147:Lagash
64:Lagash
6217:Boran
6199:Boran
6086:Syria
5866:Syria
5861:Judea
5403:Cyrus
5121:Urtak
4714:David
4320:Kirta
4304:Apepi
4301:Khyan
4022:Adasi
3992:Adasi
3620:(...)
3367:Gudea
3329:Si'um
3278:Setut
3249:Khita
3235:Ka-ku
3176:Ilulu
3172:Nanum
3164:Igigi
2908:Ukush
2810:Nanni
2572:Elulu
2459:Ansud
2378:Khufu
2306:Puabi
2183:Khaba
2179:Nebka
2061:Zamug
1999:Balih
1995:Etana
1956:Babum
1743:Menes
1685:Neheb
1680:Thesh
1670:Khayu
1643:Menes
1604:Stork
1435:Akkad
1425:Assur
1400:Egypt
1395:dates
1174:JSTOR
1047:p. 40
894:JSTOR
845:Notes
763:Girsu
547:sadug
543:sadug
539:sadug
517:barig
341:usury
246:Girsu
197:, or
74:Reign
68:Lugal
6450:ISBN
6426:Per
6403:ISBN
6373:ISBN
5783:Musa
5473:and
5171:Piye
4935:Pami
4706:Saul
3631:Mari
3428:Uruk
3350:Umma
3245:Helu
3191:Uruk
3181:Dudu
2948:Uruk
2901:Mari
2864:Adab
2834:Teti
2745:Urur
2730:Kish
2640:Unas
2591:Tata
2587:Peli
2528:Umma
2509:Uruk
2499:Unzi
2479:Nizi
2338:Adab
2236:Uhub
2228:Kish
2191:Huni
2069:Ilku
2016:Uruk
1985:Atab
1932:Kish
1772:Qa'a
1756:Djet
1753:Djer
1708:Wash
1700:Mekh
1614:Bull
1591:Fish
1466:Elam
1450:Umma
1445:Adab
1440:Uruk
1420:Kish
1415:Mari
1410:Ebla
1327:ca.
1199:ISBN
1166:ISSN
1012:ISBN
960:link
919:ISBN
886:ISSN
807:king
799:Umma
791:Umma
787:énsi
779:Uruk
759:Umma
690:guda
682:him.
529:sila
512:Enki
402:any
400:cite
335:and
327:and
301:king
293:Umma
289:énsi
281:Uruk
254:king
244:and
59:Ensí
3629:of
3168:Imi
2654:Ush
1763:Den
1675:Tiu
789:of
656:of
652:An
557:ban
523:ban
505:ban
413:by
353:Bau
291:of
267:in
248:in
240:of
215:URU
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