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960:. Enki senses his thoughts and creates a giant turtle, which he releases behind Ninurta and which bites the hero's ankle. As they struggle, the turtle digs a pit with its claws, which both of them fall into. Enki gloats over Ninurta's defeat. The end of the story is missing; the last legible portion of the account is a lamentation from Ninurta's mother Ninmah, who seems to be considering finding a substitute for her son. According to Charles Penglase, in this account, Enki is clearly intended as the hero and his successful foiling of Ninurta's plot to seize power for himself is intended as a demonstration of Enki's supreme wisdom and cunning.
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1304:'s demons. Nisroch, who is described as frowning and wearing beaten armor, calls into question Satan's argument that the fight between the angels and demons is equal, objecting that they, as demons, can feel pain, which will break their morale. According to Milton scholar Roy Flannagan, Milton may have chosen to portray Nisroch as timid because he had consulted the Hebrew dictionary of C. Stephanus, which defined the name "Nisroch" as "Flight" or "Delicate Temptation".
1089:
969:
1326:, the child protagonists summon an eagle-headed "Nisroch" to guide them. Nisroch opens a portal and advises them, "Walk forward without fear" and asks, "Is there aught else that the Servant of the great Name can do for those who speak that name?" Some modern works on art history still repeat the old misidentification, but Near Eastern scholars now generally refer to the "Nisroch" figure as a "griffin-demon".
1187:). Due to the obvious visual similarities of the letters involved and the fact that no Assyrian deity by the name of "Nisroch" has ever been attested, most scholars consider this error to be the most likely explanation for the name. If "Nisroch" is Ninurta, this would make Ninurta's temple at Kalhu the most likely location of Sennacherib's murder. Other scholars have attempted to identify Nisroch as
580:
551:, the god of scribes, over Ninurta. Nonetheless, Ninurta still remained an important deity. Even after the kings of Assyria left Kalhu, the inhabitants of the former capital continued to venerate Ninurta, who they called "Ninurta residing in Kalhu". Legal documents from the city record that those who violated their oaths were required to "place two
1039:", written sometime between 1700 and 1500 BC, Ninurta delivers detailed advice on agricultural matters, including how to plant, tend, and harvest crops, how to prepare fields for planting, and even how to drive birds away from the crops. The poem covers nearly every aspect of farm life throughout the course of the year.
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to request
Ninurta to return the Tablet of Destinies. Ninurta's reply to Birdu is fragmentary, but it is possible he may initially refuse to return the Tablet. In the end, however, Ninurta does return the Tablet of Destinies to his father. This story was particularly popular among scholars of the
781:
has been causing sickness and poisoning the rivers. Ninurta confronts Asag, who is protected by an army of stone warriors. Ninurta slays Asag and his armies. Then
Ninurta organizes the world, using the stones from the warriors he has defeated to build the mountains, which he designs so that the
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proposes that the gods should send
Ninurta, Enlil's son. Ninurta confronts the Anzû and shoots it with his arrows, but the Tablet of Destinies has the power to reverse time and the Anzû uses this power to make Ninurta's arrows fall apart in midair and revert to their original components.
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art, possibly as a symbol of
Ninurta. A perched bird is also used as a symbol of Ninurta during the Neo-Assyrian Period. One speculative hypothesis holds that the winged disc originally symbolized Ninurta during the ninth century BC, but was later transferred to Aššur and the sun-god
1024:
for life. The poem ends with
Ninurta returning to Nippur. The account probably deals with a journey in which Ninurta's cult statue was transported from one city to another and the "guide" is the person carrying the cult statue. The story closely resembles the other Sumerian myth of
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genii at Kalhu. Remembering the
Biblical story of Sennacherib's murder, Layard mistakenly identified these figures as "Nisrochs". Such carvings continued to be known as "Nisrochs" in popular literature throughout the remaining portion of the nineteenth century. In
1333:(ISIL) demolished Ashurnasirpal II's ziggurat of Ninurta at Kalhu. This act was in line with ISIL's longstanding policy of destroying any ancient ruins which it deemed incompatible with its militant interpretation of Islam. According to a statement from the
475:
and
Anthony Green, the two gods' personalities are "closely intertwined". As the city-state of Girsu declined in importance, Ninĝirsu became increasingly known as "Ninurta". He became primarily characterized by the aggressive, warlike aspect of his nature.
618:. This idea is based on some early representations in which the god on the winged disc appears to have the tail of a bird. Most scholars have rejected this suggestion as unfounded. Astronomers of the eighth and seventh centuries BC identified Ninurta (or
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at Kalhu and dedicated a stone relief of himself to the god. On the carving, Shalmaneser III's boasts of his military exploits and credits all his victories to
Ninurta, declaring that, without Ninurta's aid, none of them would have been possible. When
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In March 2020, archaeologists announced the discovery of a 5,000-year-old cultic area filled with more than 300 broken ceremonial ceramic cups, bowls, jars, animal bones and ritual processions dedicated to
Ningirsu at the site of
479:
In later times, Ninurta's reputation as a fierce warrior made him immensely popular among the
Assyrians. In the late second millennium BC, Assyrian kings frequently held names which included the name of Ninurta, such as
728:. She and Ninĝirsu were believed to have two sons: the gods Ig-alima and Šul-šagana. Bau also had seven daughters, but Ninĝirsu was not claimed to be their father. As the son of Enlil, Ninurta's siblings include:
1111:
In the late seventh century BC, Kalhu was captured by foreign invaders. Despite this, Ninurta was never completely forgotten. Many scholars agree that Ninurta was probably the inspiration for the biblical figure
802:, meaning "Lady of the Mountain". Finally, Ninurta returns home to Nippur, where he is celebrated as a hero. This myth combines Ninurta's role as a warrior deity with his role as an agricultural deity. The title
2601:
Fadhil, Anmar Abdulillah, and Enrique Jiménez, "Literary Texts from the Sippar Library IV: A “Macranthropic” Hymn to Ninurta", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 113.2, pp. 193-215,
380:
from his father Enlil and, in a myth that is alluded to in many works but never fully preserved, he killed a group of warriors known as the "Slain Heroes". His major symbols were a perched bird and a plow.
563:-priest and a chief singer, who were supported by a cook, a steward, and a porter. In the late seventh century BC, the temple staff witnessed legal documents, along with the staff of the temple of Nabu at
400:. In the nineteenth century, Assyrian stone reliefs of winged, eagle-headed figures from the temple of Ninurta at Kalhu were commonly, but erroneously, identified as "Nisrochs" and they appear in works of
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is alluded to in many texts, but is never preserved in full. In this myth, Ninurta must fight a variety of opponents. Black and Green describe these opponents as "bizarre minor deities"; they include the
825:, which describes Ninurta's return to Nippur after slaying Asag. It contains little narrative and is mostly a praise piece, describing Ninurta in larger-than-life terms and comparing him to the god
496:(ruled 911–891 BC) claimed Ninurta and Aššur as supporters of his reign, declaring his destruction of their enemies as moral justification for his right to rule. In the ninth century BC, when
309:. In later times, as Mesopotamia grew more militarized, he became a warrior deity, though he retained many of his earlier agricultural attributes. He was regarded as the son of the chief god
912:, a sacred clay tablet belonging to Enlil that grants him his authority, while Enlil is preparing for his bath. The rivers dry up and the gods are stripped of their powers. The gods send
492:("Ninurta is the god Aššur's trusted one"). Tukulti-Ninurta I (ruled 1243–1207 BC) declares in one inscription that he hunts "at the command of the god Ninurta, who loves me." Similarly,
559:(ruled 681 – 669 BC). The temple of Ninurta at Kalhu flourished until the end of the Assyrian Empire, hiring the poor and destitute as employees. The main cultic personnel were a
857:
1531 BC), but the oldest surviving texts of it date to Old Babylonian Period. Numerous later versions of the text have also survived. It was translated into Akkadian during the
1265:
genius from the temple of Ninurta at Kalhu; such depictions were widely, but erroneously, identified as Ninurta in the nineteenth century and were popularly known as "Nisrochs"
2509:
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of silver and one mina of gold in the lap of Ninurta residing in Kalhu." The last attested example of this clause dates to 669 BC, the last year of the reign of
1337:(ASOR)'s Cultural Heritage Initiatives, ISIL may have destroyed the temple to use its destruction for future propaganda and to demoralize the local population.
650:, as it is read: "Mercury whose name is Ninurta travels the (same) path the Moon travels." However, in Babylonian times, Ninurta was associated with the planet
1071:, which represents a metal that was conceived as precious. This story of successive trials and victories may have been the source for the Greek legend of the
810:
is a modern title assigned to it by scholars. The poem was eventually translated into Akkadian after Sumerian became regarded as too difficult to understand.
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emblem from the Northwest Palace at Kalhu; some authors have speculated that this figure may be Ninurta, but most scholars reject this assertion as unfounded
940:
announces Ninurta's victory in the assembly of the gods and, as a reward, Ninurta is granted a prominent seat on the council. Enlil sends the messenger god
3083:
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952:, recorded in UET 6/1 2, is a fragment of what was originally a much longer literary composition. In it, after defeating the Anzû, Ninurta is honored by
1132:
is currently regarded as the most plausible etymology for Nimrod's name. Eventually, the ruins of the city of Kalhu itself became known in Arabic as
2642:, Lanham, Maryland, Boulder, Colorado, New York City, New York, Toronto, Ontario, and Plymouth, England: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.,
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467:. Though they may have originally been separate deities, in historical times, the god Ninĝirsu, who was worshipped in the Sumerian city-state of
515:, Ninurta's main cult center in the Assyrian Empire, might have originally looked like, based on the excavations of the British archaeologist
435:
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The walls of the temple were decorated with stone relief carvings, including one of Ninurta slaying the Anzû bird. Ashurnasirpal II's son
459:, and is one of the earliest attested deities in the region. His main cult center was the Eshumesha temple in the Sumerian city-state of
305:. In the earliest records, he is a god of agriculture and healing, who cures humans of sicknesses and releases them from the power of
908:
is a giant, monstrous bird. Enlil gives Anzû a position as the guardian of his sanctuary, but Anzû betrays Enlil and steals the
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2837:"ISIS Has Destroyed a Nearly 3,000-Year-Old Assyrian Ziggurat: The ziggurat of Nimrud was the ancient city's central temple"
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descends from Heaven to congratulate her son on his victory. Ninurta dedicates the mountain of stone to her and renames her
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2997:, in Bromiley, Geoffrey W.; Harrison, Everett F.; Harrison, Roland K.; LaSor, William Sanford; Smith, Edgar W. Jr. (eds.),
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372:", Ninurta provides agricultural advice to farmers. In an Akkadian myth, he was the champion of the gods against the
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1345:. One of the remains was a duck-shaped bronze figurine with eyes made from bark which is thought to be dedicated to
724:. Bau was worshipped "almost exclusively in Lagash" and was sometimes alternately identified as the wife of the god
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1356:(Temple of the White Thunderbird), the primary sanctuary of Ningirsu was identified during the excavations led by
1117:
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1191:, the Assyrian god of fire. Hans Wildberger rejects all suggested identifications as linguistically implausible.
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716:. Gula was the goddess of healing and medicine and she was sometimes alternately said to be the wife of the god
63:
3016:
2798:
Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C.: Revised Edition
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and his acolyte feeding a sacred herd; Ninurta was an agricultural deity and, in a poem known as the "Sumerian
543:
After the capital of Assyria was moved away from Kalhu, Ninurta's importance in the pantheon began to decline.
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of Lagash rebuilt the temple of Ninĝirsu in Lagash as the result of a dream in which he was instructed to do so
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Ninurta was worshipped in Mesopotamia as early as the middle of the third millennium BC by the ancient
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31:
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1167:", which is most likely a scribal error for "Nimrod". This hypothetical error would result from the
329:(ruled 2144–2124 BC), who rebuilt Ninĝirsu's temple in Lagash. Later, Ninurta became beloved by the
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associated with farming, healing, hunting, law, scribes, and war who was first worshipped in early
17:
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767:, Ninurta probably appears in more myths than any other Mesopotamian deity. In the Sumerian poem
3509:
3017:"Identifying Nimrod of Genesis 10 with Sargon of Akkad by Exegetical and Archaeological Means"
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2545:
1210:" as "in opposition against God." Because of this, Nimrod became envisioned as the archetypal
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1103:, is believed by many scholars to be inspired by either Ninurta himself or the Assyrian king
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rivers to make them useful for irrigation. In a poem sometimes referred to as the "Sumerian
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Although the Book of Genesis itself portrays Nimrod positively as the first king after the
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Mesopotamian astrology: an introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian celestial divination
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This article is about the Mesopotamian god. For the South African genus of lizard, see
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2959:(second ed.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company,
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Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and Influence in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod
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1155 BC), a plough is captioned as a symbol of Ninĝirsu. The plough also appears in
471:, was always identified as a local form of Ninurta. According to the Assyriologists
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means "O king!" and comes from the poem opening phrase in the original Sumerian.
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463:, where he was worshipped as the god of agriculture and the son of the chief-god
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3001:, vol. 1: A-D, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company,
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in Hebrew, the two figures bear mostly the same functions and attributes and
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2614:, Leiden, The Netherlands, Köln, Germany, and Boston, Massachusetts: Brill,
1010:, led by an unnamed guide. In Eridu, Ninurta sits in assembly with the gods
877:
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Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary
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van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem (1999),
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as a "mighty hunter". Though it is still not entirely clear how the name
921:
635:
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It has been suggested that Ninurta was the inspiration for the figure of
2737:
Kasak, Enn; Veede, Raul (2001), Kõiva, Mare; Kuperjanov, Andres (eds.),
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540:, they were sealed with both the seal of Aššur and the seal of Ninurta.
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536:(ruled 811–783 BC) dedicated a new endowment to the temple of Aššur in
392:, although the view has been disputed. He may also be mentioned in the
2722:
388:, a "mighty hunter" who is mentioned in association with Kalhu in the
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Gateways to Babylon: ASCII English translation from the ETCSL website
2948:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy
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The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary for General Knowledge
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is believed to have originally been written in Sumerian during the
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as "a deceiver, oppressor and destroyer of earth-born creatures."
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Gateways to Babylon: "Ninurta as the god of wisdom" by Amar Annus
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504:, the first temple he built there was one dedicated to Ninurta.
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2801:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press,
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500:(ruled 883–859 BC) moved the capital of the Assyrian Empire to
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Black, Jeremy A.; Cunningham, Graham; Robson, Eleanor (2006),
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2752:, Tartu, Estonia: Folk Belief and Media Group of ELM: 7–33,
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to defeat the Anzû, but all of them fail. Finally, the god
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of Assyria is reported to have been murdered by his sons
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1063:. Some of these foes are inanimate objects, such as the
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Beast with the body of a lion and the tail of a scorpion
2486:"Ancient cultic area for warrior-god uncovered in Iraq"
2462:"Ancient cultic area for warrior-god uncovered in Iraq"
1921:
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1818:
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2946:
Nimrud: Materialities of Assyrian Knowledge Production
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Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East
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337:(ruled 883–859 BC) built a massive temple for him at
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1269:In the sixteenth century, Nisroch became seen as a
1206:and mistranslates the Hebrew words meaning "before
1202:translation of the Hebrew Bible refers to him as a
2935:, New York City, New York: D. Appleton and Company
2858:The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible
2042:
936:for aid, which rips the Anzû's wings off. The god
419:dedication tablet to God Ningirsu: "For Ningirsu,
263:, possible meaning "Lord Barley"), also known as
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252:
75:, showing the god with his thunderbolts pursuing
3486:
2699:(1946), "Sumerian Mythology: A Review Article",
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1220:, described by the first-century AD philosopher
900:In the Old, Middle, and Late Babylonian myth of
682:Ninurta was believed to be the son of Enlil. In
2886:
2679:The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN
2612:Studies in the History of the Ancient Near East
2588:, New York City, New York: Three Rivers Press,
2585:Angels A to Z: A Who's Who of the Heavenly Host
2435:
2405:van der Toorn, Becking & van der Horst 1999
2367:van der Toorn, Becking & van der Horst 1999
2293:van der Toorn, Becking & van der Horst 1999
1789:van der Toorn, Becking & van der Horst 1999
3021:Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
2818:A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology
2739:"Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia"
2608:"Sennacherib's Campaign to Judah: New Studies"
44:
3118:
2999:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
2956:Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible
2847:
2316:
1311:uncovered numerous stone carvings of winged,
2675:
2568:, Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press,
1812:
1239:for refusing to participate in the project.
1035:from Enki. In a poem known as the "Sumerian
782:streams, lakes and rivers all flow into the
712:, but, as Ninĝirsu, his wife is the goddess
317:center in Sumer was the Eshumesha temple in
2893:, Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin,
333:as a formidable warrior. The Assyrian king
71:stone relief from the temple of Ninurta at
3125:
3111:
2979:, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press,
2972:
2926:
2736:
2563:
2416:
2354:
2304:
2234:
2112:
1951:
1903:
1884:
1836:
1755:
1707:
1508:
1489:
1099:. Nimrod, the "great hunter" mentioned in
688:, his mother is identified as the goddess
62:
3014:
2927:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (1883),
2605:
2381:
1520:
1136:because of its association with Ninurta.
2906:
2746:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore
2695:
2655:
2550:, Oxford University Press, p. 106,
2273:
2258:
2246:
2217:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2139:
2085:
2036:
2021:
2002:
1990:
1975:
1915:
1869:
1824:
1743:
1660:
1307:In the 1840s, the British archaeologist
1256:
1087:
967:
876:
665:
646:Ninurta is consistently identified with
634:, meaning "arrow". The constellation of
578:
506:
434:
411:
2992:
2635:
2335:
1857:
990:", he offers detailed advice on farming
654:, while Mercury became associated with
527:(ruled 859–824 BC) completed Ninurta's
14:
3487:
3132:
3027:(2), Chicago, Illinois, archived from
2976:Isaiah 28-39: A Continental Commentary
2939:
2913:, New York City, New York: Routledge,
2821:, New York City, New York: Routledge,
2791:
2676:Hunger, Hermann; Steele, John (2018),
2581:
2564:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992),
2507:
2447:
1927:
1645:
1061:Kulianna the Mermaid (or "fish-woman")
881:Ninurta with his thunderbolts pursues
488:("Ninurta is the heir of Ekur"), and
423:'s mighty warrior, his Master; Gudea,
3106:
3074:Gateways to Babylon: The Myth of Anzû
2887:Milton, John; Flannagan, Roy (1998),
2834:
2814:
2483:
2459:
2100:
2073:
2048:
1963:
1728:
1335:American Schools of Oriental Research
511:1853 restoration of what the city of
2871:10.1093/acref/9780195146417.001.0001
2771:
1800:
1404:
1331:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1300:(first published in 1667) as one of
1002:temple in Nippur and travels to the
700:, his mother is instead the goddess
56:God of agriculture, hunting, and war
1940:Black, Cunningham & Robson 2006
1198:and a builder of cities, the Greek
24:
1078:
794:and agriculture. Ninurta's mother
708:, his wife is usually the goddess
25:
3566:
3043:
2835:Lewis, Danny (15 November 2016),
2636:Holland, Glenn Stanfield (2009),
1320:'s classic 1906 children's novel
670:Limestone bust of a goddess from
630:, which was known in Akkadian as
3176:
1290:. Nisroch appears in Book VI of
902:Anzû and the Tablet of Destinies
484:("the trusted one of Ninurta"),
2702:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
2547:The Literature of Ancient Sumer
2536:
2501:
2477:
2453:
1252:
1083:
790:rivers, making them useful for
3080:ETCSL website: Unicode version
3058:ETCSL website: Unicode version
3015:Petrovich, Douglas N. (2013),
2606:Gallagher, William R. (1999),
1394:
1364:archaeologists at the site of
1286:(1577) as the "chief cook" of
963:
574:
13:
1:
2659:Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography
2460:Jarus, Owen (30 March 2020),
1383:
1243:refers to Nimrod in his book
977:
866:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
674:, possibly Ninurta's consort
606:
602:
444:
358:and uses stones to build the
3084:ETCSL website: ASCII version
3062:ETCSL website: ASCII version
1438:
1232:, who persecuted the Jewish
872:
751:
720:or the minor vegetation god
7:
3535:Deities in the Hebrew Bible
2778:, Museum Tusculanum Press,
2772:Koch, Ulla Susanne (1995),
2758:10.7592/FEJF2001.16.planets
2508:Thomas, Tobi (2023-02-17),
2436:Milton & Flannagan 1998
1371:
1261:Stone relief carving of an
763:Second only to the goddess
583:Male figure in an Assyrian
567:. The two temples shared a
10:
3571:
2907:Penglase, Charles (1994),
2815:Leick, Gwendolyn (1998) ,
1175:) being replacing with ס (
996:Ninurta's Journey to Eridu
823:Ninurta's Return to Nippur
756:
407:
350:, Ninurta slays the demon
321:. Ninĝirsu was honored by
272:
246:
45:
29:
3441:
3393:
3302:
3226:
3185:
3174:
3140:
3054:Narratives about Ninurta
2973:Wildberger, Hans (2002),
2942:"Ninurta, god of victory"
2843:, Smithsonian Institution
2317:Metzger & Coogan 1993
1429:
1412:
1183:) being replaced with ך (
1073:Twelve Labors of Heracles
661:
622:) with the constellation
226:
216:
206:
196:
191:
171:
148:
140:
132:
116:
99:
61:
54:
41:
32:Ninurta coeruleopunctatus
2993:Wiseman, D. J. (1979) ,
2940:Robson, Eleanor (2015),
2682:, Taylor & Francis,
2656:Horowitz, Wayne (1998),
2582:Bunson, Matthew (1996),
1813:Hunger & Steele 2018
1388:
1283:Pseudomonarchia Daemonum
1241:Saint Augustine of Hippo
1214:. Early works of Jewish
889:from Enlil's sanctuary (
859:Middle Babylonian Period
813:A companion work to the
376:bird after it stole the
299:ancient Mesopotamian god
27:Ancient Mesopotamian god
2863:Oxford University Press
2490:Most Interesting Things
1323:The Story of the Amulet
1018:and Enki gives him the
932:Ninurta calls upon the
354:using his talking mace
112:, during Assyrian times
2417:Ripley & Dana 1883
2305:Black & Green 1992
2235:Black & Green 1992
2113:Black & Green 1992
1952:Black & Green 1992
1904:Black & Green 1992
1885:Black & Green 1992
1837:Kasak & Veede 2001
1756:Black & Green 1992
1708:Black & Green 1992
1509:Black & Green 1992
1490:Black & Green 1992
1420:
1352:In February 2023, the
1280:listed Nisroch in his
1266:
1108:
991:
950:Ninurta and the Turtle
945:Assyrian royal court.
897:
845:2004 BC) or the early
679:
678:, wearing a horned cap
588:
520:
452:
447:2125 BC, describe how
432:
404:from the time period.
2261:, pp. 52–53, 62.
2249:, pp. 43–44, 61.
1260:
1091:
998:, Ninurta leaves the
976:impression dating to
971:
885:, who has stolen the
880:
847:Old Babylonian Period
669:
582:
510:
490:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
438:
415:
136:Plow and perched bird
79:, who has stolen the
3234:Dumuzid the Shepherd
2890:The Riverside Milton
2484:Gavin (2020-04-11),
2307:, pp. 138, 142.
1179:) and the letter ד (
1057:seven-headed serpent
894:Monuments of Nineveh
394:Second Book of Kings
207:Caananite equivalent
103:Eshumesha temple in
92:Monuments of Nineveh
3227:Other major deities
2861:, Oxford, England:
2793:Kramer, Samuel Noah
2419:, pp. 794–795.
2369:, pp. 627–629.
1918:, pp. 128–152.
1758:, pp. 142–143.
1309:Austen Henry Layard
1049:six-headed Wild Ram
980:3200 BC showing an
910:Tablet of Destinies
896:, 2nd Series, 1853)
891:Austen Henry Layard
887:Tablet of Destinies
835:Third Dynasty of Ur
777:, a demon known as
517:Austen Henry Layard
378:Tablet of Destinies
94:, 2nd Series, 1853)
89:Austen Henry Layard
81:Tablet of Destinies
3134:Sumerian mythology
2853:Coogan, Michael D.
2697:Jacobsen, Thorkild
2195:, pp. 46, 54.
1267:
1163:in the temple of "
1109:
992:
898:
808:Ninurta's Exploits
775:Ninurta's Exploits
692:, whom he renames
680:
589:
521:
519:there in the 1840s
453:
433:
402:fantasy literature
217:Eblaite equivalent
3550:Saturnian deities
3500:Agricultural gods
3495:Mesopotamian gods
3482:
3481:
3141:Primordial beings
3078:Hymns to Ninurta
2900:978-0-395-80999-0
2880:978-0-19-534095-2
2849:Metzger, Bruce M.
2808:978-0-8122-1047-7
2649:978-0-7425-9979-6
2557:978-0-19-929633-0
2276:, p. 53, 63.
2171:, pp. 53–54.
2088:, pp. 52–53.
1978:, pp. 42–43.
1930:, pp. 44–45.
1839:, pp. 25–26.
1107:, named after him
1105:Tukulti-Ninurta I
704:. Under the name
486:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
344:In the epic poem
293:, meaning "Lord
236:
235:
16:(Redirected from
3562:
3394:Demons, spirits,
3180:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3011:
2989:
2969:
2949:
2936:
2923:
2903:
2883:
2844:
2831:
2811:
2788:
2768:
2743:
2733:
2692:
2672:
2652:
2632:
2598:
2578:
2560:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2385:
2379:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2339:
2333:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2277:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2221:
2215:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2143:
2137:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2103:, pp. 9–10.
2098:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1711:
1705:
1664:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1493:
1487:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1414:
1406:
1401:Imperial Aramaic
1398:
1153:King Sennacherib
1042:The myth of the
979:
868:
864:
856:
852:
844:
840:
773:, also known as
744:, and sometimes
608:
604:
498:Ashurnasirpal II
446:
335:Ashurnasirpal II
292:
291:
276:
275:
262:
261:
250:
249:
227:Roman equivalent
197:Greek equivalent
66:
50:
49:
48:
39:
38:
21:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3437:
3395:
3389:
3298:
3222:
3186:Primary deities
3181:
3172:
3136:
3131:
3046:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3009:
2987:
2967:
2921:
2901:
2881:
2841:Smithsonian.com
2829:
2809:
2786:
2741:
2690:
2670:
2662:, Eisenbrauns,
2650:
2622:
2596:
2576:
2558:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2524:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2468:
2458:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2355:Wildberger 2002
2353:
2342:
2334:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2224:
2216:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2146:
2138:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1891:
1883:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1714:
1706:
1667:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1496:
1488:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1428:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1374:
1255:
1246:The City of God
1118:Genesis 10:8–12
1116:, mentioned in
1101:Genesis 10:8–12
1086:
1081:
1079:Later influence
1028:Inanna and Enki
966:
875:
761:
754:
664:
577:
557:King Esarhaddon
534:Adad-nirari III
525:Shalmaneser III
482:Tukulti-Ninurta
441:Gudea cylinders
410:
396:under the name
390:Book of Genesis
288:
279:
253:
181:
159:
107:
95:
57:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3568:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Destroyer gods
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3045:
3044:External links
3042:
3040:
3039:
3012:
3007:
2990:
2985:
2970:
2965:
2950:
2937:
2924:
2919:
2904:
2899:
2884:
2879:
2845:
2832:
2827:
2812:
2807:
2789:
2784:
2769:
2734:
2715:10.1086/370777
2709:(2): 128–152,
2693:
2688:
2673:
2668:
2653:
2648:
2633:
2620:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2579:
2574:
2561:
2556:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2500:
2476:
2452:
2450:, p. 199.
2440:
2438:, p. 521.
2421:
2409:
2407:, p. 629.
2386:
2384:, p. 252.
2382:Gallagher 1999
2371:
2359:
2357:, p. 405.
2340:
2338:, p. 337.
2321:
2319:, p. 218.
2309:
2297:
2295:, p. 627.
2278:
2263:
2251:
2239:
2237:, p. 179.
2222:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2144:
2117:
2115:, p. 173.
2105:
2090:
2078:
2053:
2041:
2026:
2007:
1995:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1954:, p. 108.
1944:
1942:, p. 106.
1932:
1920:
1908:
1889:
1887:, p. 101.
1874:
1872:, p. 100.
1862:
1860:, p. 117.
1841:
1829:
1827:, p. 172.
1817:
1815:, p. 127.
1805:
1803:, p. 127.
1793:
1791:, p. 628.
1760:
1748:
1733:
1712:
1710:, p. 143.
1665:
1650:
1525:
1523:, p. 273.
1521:Petrovich 2013
1513:
1511:, p. 138.
1494:
1492:, p. 142.
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1358:British Museum
1354:E-ninnu temple
1254:
1251:
1230:Tower of Babel
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1053:Palm Tree King
965:
962:
874:
871:
760:
755:
753:
750:
663:
660:
599:Kassite Period
576:
573:
494:Adad-nirari II
409:
406:
286:
234:
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228:
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96:
87:'s sanctuary (
67:
59:
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55:
52:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Tutelary gods
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3475:
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3470:
3467:
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3447:
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3444:
3442:Mortal heroes
3440:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
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3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
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3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:Minor deities
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3031:on 2020-10-31
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3008:0-8028-3781-6
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2986:0-8006-9510-0
2982:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:0-8028-2491-9
2962:
2958:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2920:0-415-15706-4
2916:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2828:0-415-19811-9
2824:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2785:9788772892870
2781:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:9781351686815
2685:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2669:9780931464997
2665:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2621:90-04-11537-4
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:0-517-88537-9
2591:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2444:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:Penglase 1994
2270:
2268:
2260:
2259:Penglase 1994
2255:
2248:
2247:Penglase 1994
2243:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2220:, p. 61.
2219:
2218:Penglase 1994
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:Penglase 1994
2189:
2183:, p. 54.
2182:
2181:Penglase 1994
2177:
2170:
2169:Penglase 1994
2165:
2159:, p. 45.
2158:
2157:Penglase 1994
2153:
2151:
2149:
2142:, p. 53.
2141:
2140:Penglase 1994
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2086:Penglase 1994
2082:
2076:, p. 10.
2075:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2039:, p. 52.
2038:
2037:Penglase 1994
2033:
2031:
2024:, p. 55.
2023:
2022:Penglase 1994
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2005:, p. 56.
2004:
2003:Penglase 1994
1999:
1993:, p. 68.
1992:
1991:Penglase 1994
1987:
1985:
1977:
1976:Penglase 1994
1972:
1966:, p. 88.
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1916:Jacobsen 1946
1912:
1906:, p. 39.
1905:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:Penglase 1994
1866:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1826:
1825:Horowitz 1998
1821:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1746:, p. 43.
1745:
1744:Penglase 1994
1740:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1663:, p. 42.
1662:
1661:Penglase 1994
1657:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1297:Paradise Lost
1294:'s epic poem
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:Flood of Noah
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:Hebrew letter
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:2 Kings 19:37
1142:
1141:Old Testament
1139:Later in the
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1069:strong copper
1066:
1065:Magillum Boat
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
984:
975:
974:cylinder seal
970:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
943:
939:
935:
930:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
895:
892:
888:
884:
879:
870:
860:
848:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
772:
771:
766:
759:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:
677:
673:
668:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
600:
596:
595:
586:
581:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
530:
526:
518:
514:
509:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
450:
442:
437:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
379:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:and his main
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
290:
282:
270:
266:
260:
256:
244:
240:
232:
229:
225:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
202:
199:
195:
190:
187:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
167:
163:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
119:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
60:
53:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3530:Hunting gods
3396:and monsters
3288:
3090:
3049:
3033:, retrieved
3029:the original
3024:
3020:
2998:
2975:
2955:
2945:
2932:
2929:"Demonology"
2909:
2889:
2857:
2840:
2817:
2797:
2774:
2749:
2745:
2706:
2700:
2678:
2658:
2638:
2611:
2584:
2565:
2546:
2537:Bibliography
2525:, retrieved
2514:The Guardian
2513:
2503:
2493:, retrieved
2489:
2479:
2469:, retrieved
2466:Live Science
2465:
2455:
2443:
2412:
2362:
2336:Wiseman 1979
2312:
2300:
2254:
2242:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2108:
2081:
2051:, p. 9.
2044:
1998:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1865:
1858:Holland 2009
1832:
1820:
1808:
1796:
1751:
1516:
1396:
1362:Getty Museum
1351:
1339:
1328:
1321:
1318:Edith Nesbit
1313:eagle-headed
1306:
1295:
1281:
1278:Johann Weyer
1275:demonologist
1273:. The Dutch
1268:
1263:eagle-headed
1253:In modernity
1244:
1225:
1215:
1193:
1149:Isaiah 37:38
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1110:
1092:
1084:In antiquity
1044:Slain Heroes
1043:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1019:
995:
993:
987:
981:
949:
948:The myth of
947:
931:
901:
899:
893:
830:
822:
818:
814:
812:
807:
803:
774:
768:
762:
757:
705:
697:
683:
681:
639:
631:
611:Neo-Assyrian
592:
590:
568:
560:
542:
522:
478:
473:Jeremy Black
454:
443:, dating to
383:
367:
345:
343:
264:
238:
237:
183:As Ninĝirsu:
182:
175:
91:
36:
3520:Savior gods
3515:Health gods
3320:Geshtinanna
3274:Ningishzida
2448:Bunson 1996
1928:Kramer 1961
1646:Robson 2015
1292:John Milton
1226:Quaestiones
1157:Adrammelech
1097:David Scott
964:Other myths
831:Angim dimma
819:Angim dimma
698:Angim dimma
636:Canis Major
624:Sagittarius
575:Iconography
571:-official.
192:Equivalents
176:As Ninurta:
3489:Categories
3469:Lugalbanda
3360:Nimintabba
3330:Hushbishag
3239:Ereshkigal
3158:Enmesharra
3091:Commentary
3035:2020-10-28
2575:0714117056
2527:2023-02-23
2495:2020-08-31
2471:2020-08-31
2101:Leick 1998
2074:Leick 1998
2049:Leick 1998
1964:Leick 1998
1729:Lewis 2016
1384:References
1200:Septuagint
1143:, in both
1095:(1832) by
934:south wind
869:1155 BC).
792:irrigation
696:, but, in
585:winged sun
449:King Gudea
323:King Gudea
297:"), is an
3555:Lion gods
3464:Gilgamesh
3355:Ninsianna
3325:Gugalanna
3284:Ninshubur
3213:Ninhursag
2995:"Assyria"
2795:(1961) ,
2766:1406-0957
2731:162344845
2630:0169-9024
2522:0261-3077
1801:Koch 1995
1439:Citations
1234:patriarch
972:Sumerian
873:Anzû myth
800:Ninhursag
788:Euphrates
752:Mythology
694:Ninhursag
597:from the
545:Sargon II
457:Sumerians
364:Euphrates
331:Assyrians
157:Ninhursag
3505:War gods
3474:Ziusudra
3454:Enmerkar
3423:Mušḫuššu
3244:Ishtaran
2855:(1993),
1430:נִסְרֹךְ
1405:ܢܝܼܫܪܵܟ݂
1378:Kajamanu
1372:See also
1212:idolator
1161:Sharezer
1059:and the
1037:Georgica
988:Georgica
742:Enbilulu
718:Pabilsaĝ
644:MUL.APIN
620:Pabilsaĝ
594:kudurrus
547:favored
529:ziggurat
369:Georgica
274:𒀭𒎏𒄈𒋢
269:Sumerian
265:Ninĝirsu
248:𒀭𒊩𒌆𒅁
243:Sumerian
69:Assyrian
47:𒀭𒊩𒌆𒅁
18:Ningirsu
3375:Sherida
3350:Ninkasi
3345:Ninimma
3289:Ninurta
3264:Ninegal
1421:Nesroch
1413:Νεσεραχ
1237:Abraham
1224:in his
1217:midrash
1165:Nisroch
1130:Ninurta
1124:became
1122:Ninurta
865:1600 —
853:1830 –
841:2112 –
815:Lugal-e
804:Lugal-e
770:Lugal-e
758:Lugal-e
706:Ninurta
685:Lugal-e
648:Mercury
616:Shamash
605:1600 –
408:Worship
398:Nisroch
347:Lugal-e
239:Ninurta
172:Consort
149:Parents
127:Mercury
42:Ninurta
3545:Nimrod
3540:Nimrud
3449:Enkidu
3433:Rabisu
3418:Huwawa
3370:Nungal
3365:Ninsun
3340:Namtar
3335:Isimud
3310:Azimua
3279:Ninlil
3269:Ningal
3259:Ninazu
3254:Nisaba
3249:Nergal
3203:Inanna
3005:
2983:
2963:
2917:
2897:
2877:
2825:
2805:
2782:
2764:
2729:
2723:542374
2721:
2686:
2666:
2646:
2628:
2618:
2592:
2572:
2554:
2520:
1425:Hebrew
1347:Nanshe
1208:Yahweh
1177:samekh
1134:Namrūd
1126:Nimrod
1114:Nimrod
1093:Nimrod
1055:, the
1051:, the
920:, and
904:, the
796:Ninmah
784:Tigris
765:Inanna
746:Inanna
738:Ninazu
734:Nergal
726:Zababa
702:Ninlil
690:Ninmah
662:Family
652:Saturn
632:šukūdu
628:Sirius
461:Nippur
429:Lagash
386:Nimrod
360:Tigris
356:Sharur
327:Lagash
319:Nippur
307:demons
231:Saturn
221:Aštabi
201:Cronus
133:Symbol
123:Saturn
118:Planet
108:Later
105:Nippur
3459:Etana
3413:Gallu
3294:Nuska
3208:Nanna
3198:Enlil
3168:Nammu
3050:Texts
2742:(PDF)
2727:S2CID
2719:JSTOR
1417:Latin
1409:Greek
1389:Notes
1366:Girsu
1343:Girsu
1302:Satan
1271:demon
1222:Philo
1204:giant
1189:Nusku
1181:dalet
1008:Eridu
958:Eridu
942:Birdu
938:Dagan
922:Shara
918:Girra
821:, or
730:Nanna
672:Girsu
640:qaštu
565:Ezida
561:šangû
553:minas
538:Assur
513:Kalhu
502:Kalhu
469:Girsu
465:Enlil
421:Enlil
417:Gudea
339:Kalhu
311:Enlil
303:Sumer
295:Girsu
162:Urash
153:Enlil
141:Mount
110:Kalhu
100:Abode
85:Enlil
83:from
73:Kalhu
3428:Udug
3408:Anzû
3403:Asag
3385:Uttu
3380:Ugur
3315:Bitu
3193:Enki
3148:Abzu
3082:and
3060:and
3003:ISBN
2981:ISBN
2961:ISBN
2915:ISBN
2895:ISBN
2875:ISBN
2823:ISBN
2803:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2762:ISSN
2684:ISBN
2664:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2626:ISSN
2616:ISBN
2602:2023
2590:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2552:ISBN
2518:ISSN
1360:and
1288:Hell
1159:and
1147:and
1016:Enki
1014:and
1004:Abzu
1000:Ekur
983:ensi
954:Enki
914:Adad
906:Anzû
883:Anzû
786:and
779:Asag
710:Gula
656:Nabu
569:qēpu
549:Nabu
439:The
425:ensi
374:Anzû
362:and
352:Asag
315:cult
259:URTA
179:Gula
155:and
77:Anzû
3218:Utu
2867:doi
2754:doi
2711:doi
1185:kaf
1173:mem
1171:מ (
1033:mes
1006:in
994:In
956:in
817:is
722:Abu
714:Bau
676:Bau
591:On
427:of
325:of
289:.SU
285:ĜIR
281:NIN
255:NIN
186:Bau
160:As
3491::
3163:Ki
3153:An
3025:56
3023:,
3019:,
2944:,
2931:,
2873:,
2865:,
2851:;
2839:,
2760:,
2750:16
2748:,
2744:,
2725:,
2717:,
2705:,
2624:,
2610:,
2516:,
2512:,
2488:,
2464:,
2424:^
2389:^
2374:^
2343:^
2324:^
2281:^
2266:^
2225:^
2200:^
2147:^
2120:^
2093:^
2056:^
2029:^
2010:^
1983:^
1892:^
1877:^
1844:^
1763:^
1736:^
1715:^
1668:^
1653:^
1528:^
1497:^
1446:^
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