45:
1997:
1571:
2480:
1889:
1579:
2267:
1819:
2074:
414:
1944:
2424:
1804:
2518:
2930:
1936:
1869:
1524:
640:, born in Vĩnh Lộc commune, Thanh Hóa province. Trịnh Kiểm was raised in a poor family. He often stole chickens from his neighbors because chicken was his mother's favorite food. When his neighbors found out, they became angry. One day, when Trịnh Kiểm left home, his neighbors abducted his mother and threw her down an abyss. Trịnh Kiểm returned home and panicked due to her disappearance. When he found his mother's body, it was infested with
688:
2837:
2783:
2309:
1765:
63:
2734:
648:. Because of Trịnh Kiểm's talent, he was given the hand of Kim's daughter Ngọc Bảo. In 1539, Trịnh Kiểm was promoted to general and received the title of Duke of Dực (Dực quận công). In 1545, after the assassination of Nguyễn Kim, Trịnh Kiểm replaced his father-in-law as the commander of the Lê dynasty's royal court and military.
3012:
2972:
2626:
2577:
2886:
2685:
2055:
region of the northern Red River delta area of
Vietnam as military leaders. Trịnh-ruled northern Vietnam used its eunuchs in the military and civilian bureaucracy. Many Buddhist temples had money and land donated by eunuchs who had gained wealth and influence. Field army units, secret police, customs
2350:
refugees into their lands, the Trịnh did not. When the Qing conquered the Ming and extended the Qing Empire's borders to
Northern Vietnam, the Trịnh treated them as they had treated the Ming Emperors, sending tribute and formal acknowledgements. The Qing intervened twice during the rule of the Trịnh
2320:
arrived in Trịnh-controlled
Vietnam. He arrived at a mission that had been established at the court in Hanoi around 1615. The priest was a significant figure in relations between Europe and Vietnam. He gained thousands of converts, created a script for writing Vietnamese using a modified version of
1916:
became increasingly secure in his rule over the southern province and increasingly independent. While he cooperated with the Trịnh against the Mạc, he ruled the frontier lands. With the conquest of the north, the independence of the Nguyễn was less and less tolerable to the Trịnh. In 1600, with the
1702:
that the Trịnh clan restored the Lê dynasty to power after
Vietnam was struck by disease, thunder and winds when the Lê ruler was dethroned, and they initially could not find Lê and Trần dynasty royals to restore to the throne. Pan also said that only the Lê ruler was met by official diplomats from
1971:
with the help of
European engineers. Third, the geography favored them, as the flat land suitable for large, organized armies was narrow at the border between the Nguyễn lands and the Trinh territories – mountains reach nearly to the sea. After the first offensive was beaten off after four months,
2369:
The Trịnh had lost nearly all popularity by the last half of the 18th century. While the Nguyễn lords, or at least Nguyễn Ánh, enjoyed a great deal of support – as his repeated attempts to regain power in the south show – no equivalent support for the Trịnh survived in the north after the Tây Sơn
2060:
military governor were delegated to eunuchs. The supervisor services, military, civil service and court all had eunuchs appointed to work in them and they were faithful followers of the Trịnh lords and a check on the power of civil and military officials. Eunuchs were employed as building project
2008:
The Trịnh lords ruled reasonably well, maintaining the fiction that the Lê monarch was the emperor. However, they selected and replaced the emperor as they saw fit, having the hereditary right to appoint many top government officials. Unlike the Nguyễn lords, who engaged in frequent wars with the
3168:
Hoang Anh Tuan, “Letter from the King of Tonkin concerning the termination of the trading relation with the VOC, 10 February 1700”. In: Harta Karun: Hidden
Treasures on Indonesian and Asian-European History from the VOC Archives in Jakarta, document 3. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia,
2246:
also joined Bồng's faction and pressured Chiêu Thống to grant him the title prince, to which the emperor reluctantly agreed. He then sent a request to Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh, who had raised a considerable army, to aid the emperor once again. Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh obeyed and marched north, where he defeated
2105:
saw the Tây Sơn rebellion as a chance to end Nguyễn rule over the south. Inner struggle among the Nguyễn had put a 12-year-old boy in power. The real ruler was corrupt regent Trương Phúc Loan. Using the popular rule of the regent as an excuse for intervention, in 1774, the hundred-year truce was
1742:
After seizing Tây Đô citadel and attacking Ninh Bình, on 20/5/1545, Dương Chấp Nhất invited Kim to visit his military camp. Dương Chấp Nhất treated Kim to watermelon. After returning for from the party, Kim felt ill and died the same day. Dương Chấp Nhất later again pledged allegiance to the Mạc
2277:
In the next months, Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh carried campaigned against Bồng. He captured and executed Dương Trọng Tế and Hoàng Phùng Cơ. Trịnh Bồng took refuge at Đinh Tích Nhưỡng's camp. Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh organized a large assault and defeated Bồng in fall 1787. Đinh Tích Nhưỡng and Bồng ran away,
2360:
The Trịnh Lords were, for the most part, intelligent, able, industrious, and long-lived rulers. The unusual dual form of government they developed over two centuries was a creative response to the internal and external obstacles to their rule. They lacked, however, both the power and the
1690:
determined that Mạc Đăng Dung's usurpation of power was not legitimate. In 1537, a large Ming army was sent to the border to threaten Mạc emperor to return the authority back to Lê emperor . Although Mạc Đăng Dung managed to negotiate this issue with the Ming to control northern part of
1695:, he was forced to recognize the Lê emperor's legitimacy over the southern part of realm. However, the war was continued because the Nguyễn–Trịnh alliance refused to recognize Mạc's authority over the northern region. Mạc Đăng Dung passed away in 1541 and succeeded by his son.
2329:
in
Vietnam, with moderate success. When the Nguyễn successfully used Portuguese cannon to defend their walls, the Trịnh made contact with the Dutch. The Dutch were willing to sell advanced cannons to the Trịnh. The Dutch, and later the Germans, set up trading posts in
2121:), in early 1775. The Trịnh army advanced south, defeated the Tây Sơn and forced them to surrender. In the middle of 1775, the Trịnh army, include Hoàng Ngũ Phúc, were hit by a plague. The plagued forced them to withdraw and left the rest of the south to the Tây Sơn.
1921:, Hoàng broke relations with the Trịnh-dominated court, although he continued to acknowledge the Lê emperor. Matters continued like this until Hoàng's death in 1613. The historical victory of the Trịnh over the Mạc was a common theme in public Vietnamese theaters.
2214:) that would help them gain support from northern people. The Trịnh and Three Prefectures armiews were quickly defeated. Trịnh Tông committed suicide. Emperor Cảnh Hưng died of old age shortly after and passed the throne to Lê Duy Kì (emperor Chiêu Thống).
2217:
Nguyễn Nhạc, after having heard of Nguyễn Huệ's insubordination, hastily marched to Thăng Long and ordered all Tây Sơn troops to withdraw. They intentionally left Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh behind. Chỉnh chased them and then stayed in his hometown in Nghệ An.
2334:. For a time, Dutch trade was profitable, but after the war with the Nguyễn ended in 1673, the demand for European weapons rapidly declined. By 1700, the Dutch and English trading posts had closed. The Trịnh were careful in their dealings with the
2147:, who was favored by his father. In 1780, Trịnh Sâm became seriously ill, and Trịnh Tông used this to stage a coup d'état. The plan was discovered, many high-ranking mandarins on Trịnh Tông's side were purged, Tông himself was imprisoned.
1570:
44:
2195:
and Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh to attack Trịnh lords, but warned them not to advance further north. After taking Phú Xuân, Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh convinced Nguyễn Huệ to overthrow Trịnh lords under the banner "Destroy the Trịnh and Aid the Lê
1966:
First, they initially were on the defensive and rarely launched operations into the north. Second, the Nguyễn were able to take advantage of their contacts with
Europeans, specifically the Portuguese, to produce advanced
2229:
marched into Thăng Long and forced Chiêu Thống to grant him the title
Viceroy, which would make him a Trịnh lord. Emperor Chiêu Thống did not want to reinstall Trịnh lords and rejected Lệ's request. At the same time,
2021:, which turned into a multi-sided war with Laotian factions as well as the Siamese army. A decade later, Laos had settled into an uneasy peace with three new Lao kingdoms paying tribute to both Vietnam and Siam.
2190:
defected to Tây Sơn. He was welcomed by the king and became an army commander. In summer 1786, Nguyễn Nhạc, who wanted to reclaim the land of the Nguyễn lords taken by the Trịnh in 1775, ordered his brother
1963:. After five years of increasingly hostile talks, fighting broke out between the Trịnh and the Nguyễn in 1627. While the Trịnh ruled over much more populous territory, the Nguyễn had several advantages.
2289:). After the Qing's defeat in early 1789, Bồng fled to the western region of the country, proclaimed himself to be a lord and built a resistance army against the Tây Sơn. He died in early 1791.
2029:
made many reforms, but these reforms made the government more powerful and more of a burden to the people, which increased their dislike of the government. During the wasteful and inept rule of
1594:
began to decline followed by some peasant rebellions due to adversities and corruption in central and regional government that led to rising social unrest and grievances of civilians . In 1527,
2351:
lords, once in 1537, and again in 1788. Both times, the Qing sent an army south because of a formal request for help from the Lê emperors – and both times the intervention was unsuccessful.
1888:
1274:
1818:
3404:
1980:). The walls were about 20 feet tall and seven miles long. The Nguyễn defended these lines against numerous Trịnh offensives that lasted (off and on) from 1631 till 1673, when
1729:
3112:(A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles. pp. 85, 110.
2243:
1785:, who was living in seclusion. Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm advised Trịnh Kiểm not to take the Lê dynasty's throne, although the Lê dynasty was just a puppet. Trịnh Kiểm decided to put
2226:
2325:, decided that De Rhodes represented a threat to Vietnamese society and forced him to leave the country. From this point on, the Trịnh lords periodically tried to suppress
2151:
389:
375:
1739:, the Mạc-appointed mandarin governing Tây Đô fortress in Thanh Hoa province, decided to surrender to Lê authorities when Nguyễn Kim recaptured the province in 1543.
2239:
2033:, peasant revolts became more frequent. The key problem was a lack of land to farm, though Giang made the situation worse by his actions. The reign of successor
1768:
Vietnam circa 1540, showing the Mạc in control of the north (pink) while the Nguyễn-Trịnh alliance controls the south (yellow). Champa (green) was a vassal state
1959:, refused to send tax money to the court in Đông Đô to protest the dictatorship of the Trịnh lords. In 1623, Trịnh Tung died and was succeeded by oldest son
1747:
2222:
1996:
2150:
In 1782, Trịnh Sâm died and passed power to Trịnh Cán. However, Cán was five years old at the time; the real ruler was Hoàng Ngũ Phúc's adopted son
3573:
2479:
2172:) to kill Hoàng Đình Bảo and overthrow Trịnh Cán. However, because Tông was indebted to the army, he could not control it. The army then released
3234:
Hoàng Xuân Hãn, Phe chống đảng Tây Sơn ở Bắc với tập "Lữ Trung Ngâm" (The anti-Tây Sơn factions in the north and the "Lữ Trung Ngâm" collection)
1868:
3338:
2238:, marched into Thăng Long. Dương Trọng Tế thought Trịnh Lệ was unpopular and defected to Bồng's side, helping him defeat Trịnh Lệ. Generals
1552:
3348:
2282:
1781:
died without an heir. Trịnh Kiểm wanted to seize the throne, but worried about public opinion. He sought advice from the former mandarin
2154:, who was appointed by Sâm as Cán's assistant. A few weeks after Cán was crowned, Trịnh Tông conspired with the Three Prefectures Army (
3558:
3309:, Volumes 1–4. 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. – "Trịnh Lords" Article by James M. Coyle, based on the work of Thomas Hodgkin.
603:
in the north. However in early 17th century, the relationships of both clans started becoming deteriorated and Trịnh clan on behalf of
3301:
2439:
2056:
duty taxes, finance, land deeds and military registers and tax harvesting in son Nam province (Binh phien) as well as the position of
1778:
3411:
1651:
1228:
3092:
1972:
the Nguyễn built two massive, fortified lines that stretched a few miles from the sea to the hills. These walls were built north of
3509:
1803:
3106:
Fraught
Collaboration: Diplomacy, Intermediaries, and Governance at the China-Vietnam Border, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
3553:
1728:
was restored in 1533 with Lê Trang Tông as emperor, Nguyễn Kim was head of government and wielded real authority in the nation.
1474:
3271:
1205:
2017:, the Trịnh lords maintained relatively peaceable relations with neighboring states. In 1694, they got involved in a war in
2929:
2001:
951:
971:
931:
619:
refused to pay tax and tribute to imperial court in the North. The conflicts was ended until both clan were destroyed by
3216:
1136:
1479:
1459:
1345:
1068:
989:
872:
1545:
3152:"Letter from the King of Tonkin concerning the termination of the trading relation with the VOC, 10 February 1700"
2266:
1858:
and his four sons to flee. Later, Trịnh Tùng enthroned Emperor Lê Anh Tông's youngest son, prince Đàm, with title
3578:
3568:
1734:
1578:
1415:
1746:
The government fell into chaos after Kim's death. The successor as the head of government was Kim's eldest son,
1598:, a courtier of government began to seize control of imperial court and emperor gradually and overthrew emperor
2037:
was preoccupied with putting down peasant revolts and wiping out armed gangs that terrorized the countryside.
1622:
back after searching the Lê dynasty's surviving descendant called prince '"Lê Ninh"', who was a son of emperor
2221:
The Tây Sơn's invasion and sudden withdrawal caused a power vacuum in the North. Trịnh Sâm's younger brother
922:
814:
2285:, Trịnh Bồng turned himself in to emperor Chiêu Thống. He was pardoned but was demoted to Duke of Huệ Địch (
3069:
3059:
2187:
1930:
1464:
1435:
1165:
612:
2098:
1782:
697:
2256:
2073:
1956:
1538:
1504:
1489:
1484:
1469:
1155:
941:
667:
616:
244:
195:
2941:
1724:
remained at large in the north, Trịnh Kiểm turned to eliminating the Nguyễn lords' power. Although the
1008:
3223:
1985:
1846:
army attacked the Lê dynasty from the north and Trịnh Cối surrendered to the Mạc dynasty. The emperor
3194:(2). Centre for Vietnamese Studies, Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow University, Russia: 161–168.
804:
3335:
3548:
3397:
2041:
1499:
171:
1647:
881:
769:
3023:
2173:
1638:. After several years of civil war, most of the southern provinces of Đại Việt was recaptured by
230:
1943:
1682:, followed by more southern province in later years and installed prince Lê Ninh as the emperor
2796:
2747:
2639:
1686:. War raged with the Nguyễn–Trịnh army on one side and the Mạc on the other, until an official
1595:
1395:
1249:
3206:
3180:
2300:
in 1802, he pardoned the Trịnh clan and allowed their descendants to worship their ancestors.
2107:
1988:, dividing Vietnam between the two families. This division continued for the next 100 years.
759:
3104:
2850:
2541:
2177:
1952:
1587:
188:
2248:
2113:
Trịnh Sâm's army did what no previous Trịnh army had done and conquered the Nguyễn capital,
1789:
on the throne, who was a 6th-generation descendant of Lê Trừ , the older brother of emperor
1752:
1679:
1639:
1623:
1619:
1098:
657:
588:
380:
3465:
3381:
3151:
2724:
2531:
2184:
2062:
2026:
1859:
1108:
844:
407:
2588:
2536:
2312:
Map of Vietnam in the 18th century, published by a Dutch company in Amsterdam around 1760.
1918:
1797:
while the Trịnh lords continued to control the government with the emperor as figurehead.
8:
2698:
2317:
2260:
2197:
2155:
2129:
779:
455:
449:
435:
149:
3370:
2321:
the European alphabet, and built several churches. However, by 1630 the new Trịnh lord,
2252:
1913:
1909:
1692:
1675:
1591:
1028:
961:
608:
584:
565:
547:
543:
129:
3495:
3490:
3432:
3002:
2962:
2435:
2414:
2297:
2231:
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2124:
The Tây Sơn army conquered the rest of the Nguyễn lands. The Nguyễn lords retreated to
1758:
1683:
1671:
1627:
1599:
1145:
1118:
676:
637:
592:
576:
293:
263:
215:
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3330:
2567:
2322:
2052:
1960:
1879:
1298:
489:
3455:
3439:
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3212:
3132:
2616:
2470:
1981:
1835:
1425:
1187:
904:
620:
3445:
3324:
2801:
2508:
2140:
2128:
but lost the city in 1776; the Nguyễn lords were nearly wiped out. Tây Sơn's leader
1908:
Both Trịnh and Nguyễn declared that the Lê dynasty was the legitimate government of
1851:
1839:
824:
717:
278:
3064:
2644:
2444:
2143:, the eldest son of Trịnh Sâm, feared that power would fall to his younger brother
2080:
1862:. After that, Trịnh Tùng searched for, captured, and murdered Emperor Lê Anh Tông.
1855:
1847:
1794:
1786:
1494:
1238:
1176:
1048:
834:
525:
159:
88:
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to resolve the contradictions inherent in their system of ruling without reigning.
2144:
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2022:
1875:
1405:
854:
51:
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2407:
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1843:
1721:
1655:
1611:
1603:
1088:
600:
394:
346:
97:
2733:
1018:
3563:
1809:
1667:
1607:
1528:
1509:
1288:
1058:
645:
596:
572:
2205:
2163:
1850:
supported Trịnh Cối as the next Trịnh lord and co-operated with him to defeat
998:
551:
533:
463:
443:
3542:
3524:
3511:
3136:
3011:
2971:
2339:
2114:
1977:
1824:
Court dress of mandarins and ladies under Lê dynasty- Trịnh lords government.
1260:
1214:
599:'s daughter "Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Bảo", led to political alliances in war against
2625:
2346:
of China. Unlike the Nguyễn lords who were happy to accept large numbers of
2097:
revolt in the south against Trương Phúc Loan, the regent of the Nguyễn lord
1725:
1698:
Pan Dinggui, a Chinese man shipwrecked in Vietnam in 1688, said in his book
1078:
1038:
894:
604:
580:
564:
in Japan. Trịnh clan produced 12 lords who dominated the royal court of the
514:
499:
139:
125:
74:
3045:", but the Trịnh family had held a great amount of power since Trịnh Kiểm.
2576:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2326:
2094:
2010:
2000:
Silk painting of Trịnh Đình Kiên (1715–1786) in 18th century, exhibited in
1704:
1687:
1385:
1375:
506:
2517:
2176:, son of prince Lê Duy Vĩ who was killed by Trịnh Sâm in 1771, and forced
2057:
1615:
2885:
2684:
2402:
2086:
1316:
707:
1834:
In 1570, Trịnh Kiểm died and a power struggle erupted between his sons
790:
738:
728:
644:. After her death, he joined the army of the revived Lê dynasty led by
2836:
2782:
1935:
3054:
2255:
with Dương Trọng Tế, Đinh Tích Nhưỡng and Hoàng Phùng Cơ withdrew to
749:
615:
against their in law family in the south from 1627 to 1777 when lord
181:
3318:
3315:
by R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy. Harper & Row (New York).
1650:
was founded as the temporary capital and it marked the beginning of
2293:
1635:
1631:
794:
687:
485:
184:
163:
1951:
In 1620, after the enthronement of another figurehead Lê emperor (
3181:"THE TRINH RULING FAMILY IN VIETNAM IN THE 16TH – 18TH CENTURIES"
2118:
2048:
1973:
1764:
1365:
641:
1903:
1757:. However, Uông was secretly assassinated by his brother-in-law
2308:
2125:
1968:
1895:
1790:
1355:
1335:
561:
494:
167:
107:
3389:
1854:. Trịnh Tùng found out about this conspiracy, forcing Emperor
62:
2331:
1643:
1325:
2018:
2014:
510:
121:
1646:
was recaptured and an imperial court moved back to there.
3041:
Traditionally, Trịnh Tùng is considered to be the first "
1939:
Model of a naval battleship during the Trịnh era in XVII
568:
and ruled northern Vietnam for more than two centuries.
2068:
2263:
respectively. Chiêu Thống set Trịnh's palace on fire.
1582:
A view of Dong Kinh (Hanoi) from the Red River in 1685
550:
emperors only titular authority. The title of “Chúa” (
2271:
Call to punish Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh, the Bằng commandery
1761:, who later took control of the imperial government.
2044:
ceased doing business with the Trịnh lords in 1700.
3302:
List of the Trịnh lords and the nominal Lê emperors
3123:Knosp, Gaston (1902). "Das annamitische Theater".
2462:Minh Khang Nhân Trí Vũ Trinh Hùng Lược Thái vương
1947:the headquarter of Trịnh lords in Dong Kinh(Hanoi)
2183:After Hoàng Đình Bảo's death, his subordinate in
560:) in this context is comparable to the office of
3540:
1642:, but not until 1592, the imperial capital city
1565:
2079:Maps for the Pacification of the South in year
528:, were referred to by their subjects as title "
3089:A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tự Đức
1710:
1658:was defeated by alliance of Southern dynasty.
591:in 16th century and become in-law family when
3405:
1904:Trịnh–Nguyễn alliance against the Mạc dynasty
1793:. Lê Duy Bang took the throne with the title
1661:
1546:
3287:Vietnam, Trials and Tribulations of a Nation
3259:
3178:
3091:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. p119ff.
2273:by Lê Huy Dao, one of Trịnh Bồng's followers
2251:. Trịnh Bồng heard the news and withdrew to
3345:by George Dutton (has a great bibliography)
3211:. Cambridge University Press. p. 351.
2135:
1874:Northern Vietnamese nobleman and wife from
50:The seal "Tĩnh Đô vương tỷ" (靖都王璽) of lord
3412:
3398:
2303:
2278:officially ending over 200 of Trịnh rule.
1574:Army of the Trinh lords, late 18th century
1553:
1539:
61:
3260:Asia Society (1988). "The Trinh Lords".
2307:
2265:
2085:, drawn by Bùi Thế Đạt, the governor of
2072:
2061:supervisors and provincial governors by
1995:
1942:
1934:
1772:
1763:
1577:
1569:
3574:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2093:The long peace came to an end with the
1924:
1606:. In 1533, the general and Lê royalist
542:) and controlled northern and Southern
3541:
3204:
2283:the Qing army was occupying Thăng Long
1829:
1715:
3393:
3122:
524:The Trịnh clan and their rivals, the
446:: 主鄭; 1545–1787), formally titled as
3313:The Encyclopedia of Military History
3149:
3102:
2069:Tây Sơn Revolt and Southern Conquest
2002:Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts
1275:Provisional Revolutionary Government
886:
1976:(between the Nhật Lệ River and the
1812:'s villa tea party and troop parade
651:
13:
2047:The Trịnh lords started employing
14:
3590:
3559:1787 disestablishments in Vietnam
3295:
3250:by W. Sheldon (1969), p. 26.
3156:Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia
2559:Cung Hoà Khoan Chính Triết vương
3010:
2970:
2928:
2884:
2835:
2781:
2732:
2683:
2624:
2575:
2516:
2478:
2422:
2180:to appoint Kì as the successor.
2106:ended and the Trịnh army led by
1887:
1867:
1817:
1802:
1522:
1219:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
686:
412:
387:
373:
347:Copper-alloy and zinc cash coins
43:
3419:
3349:A glimpse of Vietnamese history
3280:
3253:
3179:Antoshchenko, Vladimir (2002).
2316:In 1620, French Jesuit scholar
2132:declared himself king in 1778.
1654:from 1533 last until 1677 when
1652:Northern and Southern dynasties
3554:1533 establishments in Vietnam
3241:
3228:
3198:
3172:
3162:
3143:
3116:
3096:
3081:
2373:
2210:
2168:
1984:concluded a peace treaty with
1229:Provisional Central Government
579:joined together in supporting
556:
538:
468:
1:
3331:World Statesmen.org – Vietnam
3321:– with short historical notes
3307:Encyclopedia of Asian History
3263:Encyclopedia of Asian History
3075:
2354:
1626:and enthroned him as emperor
1566:Government exiled to Lan Xang
626:
3289:D. R. SarDesai, pg. 39, 1988
3060:List of Vietnamese dynasties
1634:, a territory of Kingdom of
1346:Cát Tiên archaeological site
636:The founder of the clan was
30:Trịnh Vương (鄭王) (1545-1787)
16:Noble feudal Vietnamese clan
7:
3208:A History of the Vietnamese
3048:
1711:Trịnh military dictatorship
1586:After the death of emperor
1279:(Republic of South Vietnam)
607:as legitimate authority of
10:
3595:
1955:), the new Nguyễn leader,
1928:
1720:Despite the fact that the
1662:Lê emperor as a figurehead
1009:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
655:
3427:
3378:
3367:Ruler of northern Vietnam
3365:
3357:
3188:Asian and African Studies
1894:Two women and a child in
631:
571:Both founder of the clan
352:
342:
338:
328:
318:
314:
306:
302:
287:
272:
257:
253:
243:
239:
224:
209:
205:
194:
177:
155:
145:
135:
116:
67:Map of Vietnam circa 1650
60:
40:
35:
21:
2136:End of the Trịnh Viceroy
2101:(1765–1777). Trịnh lord
2042:Dutch East India Company
1991:
942:Trung sisters' rebellion
583:to reclaim authority of
172:Vietnamese folk religion
2399:Highest attained title
2304:Trịnh foreign relations
1620:restored the Lê dynasty
1436:Principality of Hà Tiên
623:in late 18th century.
502:. The Trịnh lords were
3579:Military dictatorships
3569:Positions of authority
3351:– contains some errors
3325:Southeast Asia to 1875
3205:Taylor, K. W. (2013).
2367:
2313:
2274:
2201:
2159:
2090:
2005:
1948:
1940:
1842:. Simultaneously, the
1769:
1707:, not the Trịnh lord.
1666:In 1539 the armies of
1602:, and established the
1583:
1575:
1317:Non-Vietnamese history
1069:4th Chinese domination
972:3rd Chinese domination
952:2nd Chinese domination
932:1st Chinese domination
546:respectively, leaving
521:ruler of the dynasty.
459:
439:
330:• Disestablished
3103:Herr, Joshua (2017).
2379:List of Trịnh rulers
2358:
2311:
2269:
2076:
1999:
1946:
1938:
1917:ascension of emperor
1773:Usurpation conspiracy
1767:
1610:revolted against the
1581:
1573:
1265:(Republic of Vietnam)
1182:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
1170:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
1160:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
1150:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
189:military dictatorship
146:Common languages
120:Lordship and de jure
2225:with the support of
1925:The Trịnh–Nguyễn War
1250:North–South division
1099:Later Lê Restoration
805:Phùng Nguyên culture
611:state, led a brutal
472:) also known as the
3521: /
3327:– by Sanderson Beck
2380:
2318:Alexandre de Rhodes
2051:extensively in the
1830:Legitimacy struggle
1716:Death of Nguyễn Kim
1640:restored Lê dynasty
1630:during in exile at
1475:Historical capitals
1396:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
743:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
722:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
498:) during the Later
320:• Established
3525:16.467°N 107.600°E
3341:2003-07-29 at the
3248:Tigers in the Rice
2378:
2314:
2275:
2249:Thanh Hoa Province
2091:
2006:
1957:Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
1949:
1941:
1770:
1680:Thanh Hóa province
1584:
1576:
1529:Vietnam portal
1146:French Cochinchina
764:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
617:Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
517:however they were
381:Revival Lê dynasty
3504:
3503:
3388:
3387:
3379:Succeeded by
3273:978-0-684-18619-1
3236:, Tập san Sử Địa,
3150:Anh Tuan, Hoang.
3039:
3038:
2202:Diệt Trịnh phù Lê
2099:Nguyễn Phúc Thuần
1898:around the 1700s.
1783:Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm
1777:In 1556, Emperor
1563:
1562:
1444:
1443:
1426:Sip Song Chau Tai
1307:
1306:
1280:
1266:
1220:
1196:
1195:
1188:Empire of Vietnam
1127:
1126:
980:
979:
913:
912:
882:Hồng Bàng dynasty
863:
862:
849:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
839:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
819:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
809:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
784:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
774:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
770:Quỳnh Văn culture
621:Tây Sơn rebellion
484:), were a feudal
428:
427:
424:
423:
420:
419:
400:
399:
298:
289:• 1786–1787
283:
274:• 1572–1623
268:
259:• 1545–1570
235:
226:• 1786–1788
220:
211:• 1533–1548
106: Kingdom of
3586:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3371:Later Lê dynasty
3369:(along with the
3358:Preceded by
3355:
3354:
3336:Tay Sơn Web Site
3319:Coins of Vietnam
3290:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3185:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3100:
3094:
3087:Chapuis, Oscar.
3085:
3070:Trịnh–Nguyễn War
3014:
2974:
2944:acts as regent)
2932:
2888:
2839:
2785:
2736:
2687:
2628:
2579:
2520:
2482:
2426:
2381:
2377:
2253:Gia Lâm District
2244:Đinh Tích Nhưỡng
2213:
2212:
2188:Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh
2185:Nghệ An province
2171:
2170:
1978:Sông Hương River
1931:Trịnh–Nguyễn War
1891:
1871:
1821:
1806:
1756:
1738:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1322:
1321:
1278:
1264:
1239:State of Vietnam
1218:
1211:
1210:
1177:French Indochina
1142:
1141:
1079:Later Lê dynasty
1039:Later Lý dynasty
1029:Early Lê dynasty
995:
994:
962:Early Lý dynasty
928:
927:
888:
878:
877:
845:Sa Huỳnh culture
835:Dong Son culture
815:Đồng Đậu culture
703:
702:
690:
680:
662:
661:
652:Lê–Mạc Civil War
589:Lê–Mạc civil war
566:Later Lê dynasty
559:
558:
541:
540:
490:Northern Vietnam
488:clan that ruled
471:
470:
416:
415:
404:
403:
391:
390:
377:
376:
370:
369:
354:
353:
296:
281:
266:
233:
218:
160:Neo-Confucianism
105:
95:
86:
72:
65:
47:
28:Chúa Trịnh (主鄭)
19:
18:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3539:
3538:
3530:16.467; 107.600
3529:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3423:
3418:
3384:
3382:Tây Sơn dynasty
3375:
3368:
3363:
3343:Wayback Machine
3298:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3203:
3199:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3163:
3148:
3144:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3055:Trịnh (surname)
3051:
2986:Đoan Nam vương
2939:
2489:
2450:Thái quốc công
2408:Posthumous name
2393:Ruling year(s)
2376:
2363:moral authority
2357:
2306:
2209:
2167:
2138:
2071:
1994:
1986:Nguyễn Phúc Tần
1933:
1927:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1872:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1813:
1807:
1775:
1750:
1732:
1730:Dương Chấp Nhất
1718:
1713:
1688:Ming delegation
1664:
1568:
1559:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1277:
1263:
1217:
1208:
1198:
1197:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1109:Tây Sơn dynasty
992:
982:
981:
925:
915:
914:
875:
865:
864:
760:Bắc Sơn culture
700:
678:
671:
660:
654:
634:
629:
555:
537:
467:
413:
408:Tây Sơn dynasty
388:
374:
331:
321:
290:
275:
260:
227:
212:
112:
110:
103:
101:
93:
91:
84:
82:
70:
68:
56:
55:
48:
31:
29:
26:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3592:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3436:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3297:
3296:External links
3294:
3292:
3291:
3279:
3272:
3252:
3240:
3227:
3218:978-1107244351
3217:
3197:
3171:
3161:
3142:
3115:
3095:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3050:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:Điện Đô vương
2948:
2945:
2936:
2933:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2757:
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2737:
2730:
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2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2547:Bình An vương
2545:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2375:
2372:
2356:
2353:
2305:
2302:
2298:Nguyễn dynasty
2247:Trịnh army in
2240:Hoàng Phùng Cơ
2227:Dương Trọng Tế
2152:Hoàng Đình Bảo
2137:
2134:
2108:Hoàng Ngũ Phúc
2070:
2067:
1993:
1990:
1929:Main article:
1926:
1923:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1884:
1876:Hải Môn harbor
1873:
1866:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1801:
1774:
1771:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1663:
1660:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:Indochina Wars
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1416:Jarai kingdoms
1412:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1289:Subsidy period
1285:
1284:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1119:Nguyễn dynasty
1115:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
993:
988:
987:
984:
983:
978:
977:
974:
968:
967:
964:
958:
957:
954:
948:
947:
944:
938:
937:
934:
926:
921:
920:
917:
916:
911:
910:
907:
901:
900:
897:
891:
890:
884:
876:
871:
870:
867:
866:
861:
860:
857:
851:
850:
847:
841:
840:
837:
831:
830:
827:
825:Gò Mun culture
821:
820:
817:
811:
810:
807:
801:
800:
798:
786:
785:
782:
780:Đa Bút culture
776:
775:
772:
766:
765:
762:
756:
755:
753:
745:
744:
741:
735:
734:
732:
724:
723:
720:
718:Sơn Vi culture
714:
713:
711:
701:
696:
695:
692:
691:
683:
682:
673:
672:
665:
656:Main article:
653:
650:
633:
630:
628:
625:
474:House of Trịnh
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
410:
401:
398:
397:
392:
384:
383:
378:
366:
365:
360:
350:
349:
344:
340:
339:
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335:
332:
329:
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300:
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276:
273:
270:
269:
261:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
247:
241:
240:
237:
236:
231:Lê Chiêu Thống
228:
225:
222:
221:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
192:
191:
179:
175:
174:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
118:
114:
113:
102:
92:
83:
69:
66:
58:
57:
49:
42:
41:
38:
37:
33:
32:
27:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3591:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3537:
3534:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3372:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3288:
3283:
3275:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3249:
3244:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3080:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3028:Yến Đô vương
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2925:
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2918:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2893:
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2887:
2883:
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2878:
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2871:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2855:
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2834:
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2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
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2793:
2790:
2787:
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2778:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2764:
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2758:
2756:
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2703:
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2700:
2695:
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2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2654:
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2647:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
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2627:
2623:
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2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2601:
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2565:
2562:
2558:
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2550:
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2534:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2496:Tuấn Đức hầu
2495:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2455:
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2398:
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2382:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2287:Huệ Địch công
2284:
2279:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2003:
1998:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:Lê Trung Tông
1766:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1684:Lê Trang Tông
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1628:Lê Trang Tông
1625:
1624:Lê Chiêu Tông
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:Lê Cung Hoàng
1597:
1596:Mạc Đăng Dung
1593:
1589:
1580:
1572:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
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1520:
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1498:
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1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1394:
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1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
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1369:
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1364:
1363:
1359:
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1349:
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1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1261:South Vietnam
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1215:North Vietnam
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1166:French Tonkin
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1087:
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1080:
1077:
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1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
991:
986:
985:
975:
973:
970:
969:
965:
963:
960:
959:
955:
953:
950:
949:
945:
943:
940:
939:
935:
933:
930:
929:
924:
919:
918:
909:204 BC–111 BC
908:
906:
905:Triệu dynasty
903:
902:
899:257 BC–179 BC
898:
896:
893:
892:
885:
883:
880:
879:
874:
869:
868:
858:
856:
855:Óc Eo culture
853:
852:
848:
846:
843:
842:
838:
836:
833:
832:
828:
826:
823:
822:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
806:
803:
802:
799:
797:
796:
792:
788:
787:
783:
781:
778:
777:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
752:
751:
747:
746:
742:
740:
737:
736:
733:
731:
730:
726:
725:
721:
719:
716:
715:
712:
710:
709:
705:
704:
699:
694:
693:
689:
685:
684:
681:
675:
674:
669:
664:
663:
659:
649:
647:
643:
639:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
553:
549:
545:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
496:
492:(then called
491:
487:
483:
482:Trịnh thị; 鄭氏
479:
475:
465:
461:
457:
453:
451:
445:
441:
437:
433:
411:
409:
406:
405:
402:
396:
393:
386:
385:
382:
379:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
327:
323:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
295:
292:
286:
280:
277:
271:
265:
262:
256:
252:
248:
246:
242:
238:
232:
229:
223:
217:
216:Lê Trang Tông
214:
208:
204:
200:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
109:
100:as rump state
99:
90:
80:
76:
64:
59:
53:
46:
39:
34:
20:
3506:
3438:
3431:
3420:
3366:
3312:
3306:
3286:
3282:
3266:. Scribner.
3262:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3207:
3200:
3191:
3187:
3174:
3164:
3155:
3145:
3131:(1): 11–15.
3128:
3124:
3118:
3105:
3098:
3088:
3083:
3065:Nguyễn lords
3042:
3040:
3029:
3005:
2995:
2987:
2965:
2951:
2942:Đặng Thị Huệ
2923:
2913:
2912:Thịnh vương
2907:
2901:
2879:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2849:
2830:
2820:
2819:Thuận vương
2814:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2776:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2727:
2717:
2716:Khang vương
2711:
2705:
2697:
2678:
2668:
2667:Dương vương
2662:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2619:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2596:Thanh vương
2591:
2570:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2511:
2497:
2473:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2443:
2438:
2417:
2370:took power.
2368:
2359:
2344:Qing dynasty
2336:Ming dynasty
2327:Christianity
2315:
2296:founded the
2291:
2286:
2281:Later, when
2280:
2276:
2270:
2220:
2216:
2182:
2178:Lê Hiển Tông
2160:Tam phủ quân
2149:
2139:
2123:
2117:(modern-day
2112:
2092:
2078:
2046:
2039:
2011:Khmer Empire
2007:
1965:
1953:Lê Thần Tông
1950:
1919:Lê Kính Tông
1914:Nguyễn Hoàng
1907:
1833:
1776:
1745:
1741:
1719:
1700:Annan Ji You
1699:
1697:
1674:returned to
1665:
1588:Lê Hiến Tông
1585:
1386:Dali Kingdom
1376:Khmer Empire
1303:1986–present
1248:
1175:
1156:French Annam
1049:Trần dynasty
1019:Đinh dynasty
936:111 BC–40 AD
895:Thục dynasty
829:1,000–800 BC
789:
748:
727:
706:
635:
587:'s crown in
570:
529:
523:
518:
507:subordinates
503:
493:
481:
477:
473:
447:
431:
429:
363:Succeeded by
362:
357:
78:
3549:Trịnh lords
3528: /
3476:Trịnh Doanh
3471:Trịnh Giang
3466:Trịnh Cương
3451:Trịnh Tráng
3421:Trịnh lords
3361:Mạc dynasty
3024:Chiêu Thống
2994:Linh vương
2900:Tĩnh vương
2856:Minh vương
2828:Trịnh Doanh
2774:Trịnh Giang
2765:Nhân vương
2725:Trịnh Cương
2704:Định vương
2608:Nghị vương
2568:Trịnh Tráng
2490:(6 months)
2464:明康仁智武貞雄畧太王
2403:Temple name
2396:Emperor(s)
2374:Trịnh lords
2323:Trịnh Tráng
2236:Trịnh Giang
2130:Nguyễn Nhạc
2063:Trịnh Cương
2035:Trịnh Doanh
2031:Trịnh Giang
2027:Trịnh Cương
1961:Trịnh Tráng
1860:Lê Thế Tông
1856:Lê Anh Tông
1848:Lê Anh Tông
1844:Mạc dynasty
1795:Lê Anh Tông
1787:Lê Duy Bang
1751: [
1748:Nguyễn Uông
1733: [
1722:Mạc dynasty
1678:, captured
1656:Mạc dynasty
1612:Mạc dynasty
1604:Mạc dynasty
1480:Immigration
1460:Agriculture
1089:Mạc dynasty
999:Ngô dynasty
708:Paleolithic
698:Prehistoric
677:History of
601:Mạc dynasty
526:Nguyễn clan
460:Trịnh vương
432:Trịnh lords
395:Mạc dynasty
358:Preceded by
187:hereditary
25:(1545-1787)
23:Trịnh lords
3543:Categories
3496:Trịnh Bồng
3491:Trịnh Khải
3446:Trịnh Tùng
3433:Trịnh Kiểm
3376:1545–1787
3238:1971–1972.
3076:References
3020:1786–1787
3017:1749–1791
3003:Trịnh Bồng
2983:Hiển Tông
2980:1782–1786
2977:1763–1786
2963:Trịnh Tông
2947:Hiển Tông
2940:(1 month,
2935:1777–1782
2897:Hiển Tông
2894:1767–1782
2891:1739–1782
2845:1740–1767
2842:1720–1767
2797:Thuần Tông
2791:1729–1740
2788:1711–1762
2742:1709–1729
2739:1686–1729
2693:1682–1709
2690:1633–1709
2655:Tây vương
2640:Huyền Tông
2637:Thần Tông
2634:1657–1682
2631:1606–1682
2592:Thần Tông
2585:1623–1657
2582:1577–1657
2526:1570–1623
2523:1550–1623
2509:Trịnh Tùng
2440:Trung Tông
2436:Trang Tông
2432:1545–1570
2429:1503–1570
2415:Trịnh Kiểm
2355:Assessment
2232:Trịnh Bồng
2198:Vietnamese
2193:Nguyễn Huệ
2156:Vietnamese
2141:Trịnh Tông
2110:attacked.
2053:Đàng Ngoài
1882:) in 1595.
1880:Đàng Ngoài
1852:Trịnh Tùng
1840:Trịnh Tùng
1810:Trịnh lord
1791:Lê Thái Tổ
1759:Trịnh Kiểm
1726:Lê dynasty
1672:Trịnh Kiểm
1668:Nguyễn Kim
1608:Nguyễn Kim
1592:Lê dynasty
1059:Hồ dynasty
859:(1–630 AD)
739:Hoabinhian
729:Mesolithic
658:Lê–Mạc War
646:Nguyễn Kim
638:Trịnh Kiểm
627:Background
605:Lê dynasty
597:Nguyễn Kim
593:Trịnh Kiểm
581:Lê dynasty
577:Trịnh Kiểm
573:Nguyễn Kim
532:" (Lord) (
515:Lê dynasty
500:Lê dynasty
478:Trịnh clan
456:Vietnamese
452:” of Trịnh
440:Chúa Trịnh
436:Vietnamese
294:Trịnh Bồng
279:Trịnh Tùng
264:Trịnh Kiểm
198:(Hoàng đế)
178:Government
150:Vietnamese
126:Lê dynasty
81:'s control
75:Lê dynasty
3486:Trịnh Cán
3481:Trịnh Sâm
3461:Trịnh Căn
3456:Trịnh Tạc
3440:Trịnh Cối
3137:0935-0535
2921:Trịnh Cán
2906:Thánh Tổ
2877:Trịnh Sâm
2868:Ân vương
2851:Hiển Tông
2807:Uy vương
2794:Duệ Tông
2753:An vương
2710:Chiêu Tổ
2676:Trịnh Căn
2661:Hoằng Tổ
2617:Trịnh Tạc
2589:Chân Tông
2553:Thành Tổ
2542:Thần Tông
2537:Kính Tông
2529:Anh Tông
2493:Anh Tông
2471:Trịnh Cối
2390:Lifespan
2257:Hải Dương
2234:, son of
2174:Lê Duy Kì
2145:Trịnh Cán
2103:Trịnh Sâm
2077:A map in
2058:Thanh Hóa
2023:Trịnh Căn
1982:Trịnh Tạc
1836:Trịnh Cối
1743:dynasty.
1644:Đông Kinh
1616:Thanh Hóa
1590:in 1504,
1465:Dynasties
1440:1707–1832
1430:1600–1954
1420:1100–1904
1410:1061–1432
1406:Ngưu Hống
1400:1042–1052
1293:1975–1986
1283:1969–1976
1269:1955–1975
1255:1954–1976
1243:1949–1955
1233:1948–1949
1223:1945–1976
1123:1802–1945
1113:1778–1802
1103:1533–1789
1093:1527–1592
1083:1428–1527
1073:1407–1427
1063:1400–1407
1053:1225–1400
1043:1009–1225
923:Dominated
795:Iron Ages
750:Neolithic
613:civil war
282:(as king)
245:Duke/King
156:Religion
140:Đông Kinh
52:Trịnh Sâm
36:1545–1787
3516:107°36′E
3339:Archived
3049:See also
2862:Nghị Tổ
2748:Duệ Tông
2745:Dụ Tông
2696:Hy Tông
2645:Gia Tông
2532:Thế Tông
2445:Anh Tông
2294:Gia Long
2223:Trịnh Lệ
2115:Phú Xuân
2081:Giáp Ngọ
1910:Đại Việt
1693:Đại Việt
1676:Đại Việt
1636:Lan Xang
1632:Xam Neua
1490:Monarchs
1485:Military
1453:By topic
1390:937–1253
1380:802–1431
1340:192–1832
1206:Republic
1137:Colonial
1033:980–1009
990:Dynastic
668:a series
666:Part of
609:Đại Việt
595:married
585:Đại Việt
548:Later Lê
544:Đại Việt
519:de facto
486:nobility
462: ;
343:Currency
185:dynastic
164:Buddhism
130:Đại Việt
3513:16°28′N
3224:Alt URL
2848:Ý Tông
2699:Dụ Tông
2650:Hy Tông
2602:Văn Tổ
2561:恭和寬正哲王
2485:?-1584
2456:Thế Tổ
2261:Sơn Tây
2206:chữ Hán
2164:chữ Hán
2095:Tây Sơn
2087:Nghệ An
2049:eunuchs
1969:cannons
1470:Economy
1370:738–902
1366:Nanzhao
1360:550–781
1350:300–800
1299:Đổi Mới
1023:968–980
1013:965–968
1003:939–965
976:602–938
966:544–602
889:–258 BC
887:2879 BC
873:Ancient
679:Vietnam
642:maggots
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513:of the
504:de jure
476:or the
464:chữ Hán
450:Viceroy
444:Chữ Hán
307:History
267:(first)
219:(first)
196:Emperor
136:Capital
124:within
3270:
3215:
3135:
3125:Globus
2813:Dụ Tổ
2802:Ý Tông
2759:Hi Tổ
2387:Image
2340:Manchu
2292:After
2126:Saigon
2083:(1774)
1896:Tonkin
1648:Tây Đô
1356:Chenla
1336:Champa
1330:68–627
956:43–544
791:Bronze
670:on the
632:Origin
562:Shogun
495:Tonkin
310:
297:(last)
249:
234:(last)
201:
182:Feudal
168:Taoism
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108:Champa
104:
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89:Nguyễn
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3564:Lords
3184:(PDF)
3169:2013.
3110:(PDF)
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2332:Hanoi
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1737:]
1505:Women
1500:Naval
1495:Names
1326:Funan
946:40–43
79:Trịnh
3268:ISBN
3213:ISBN
3133:ISSN
3043:lord
3030:晏都王
2988:端南王
2952:奠都王
2938:1782
2549:平安王
2498:俊德侯
2488:1570
2452:太國公
2348:Ming
2338:and
2259:and
2242:and
2211:滅鄭扶黎
2040:The
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2019:Laos
2015:Siam
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575:and
530:Chúa
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334:1787
324:1545
122:fief
3006:鄭槰
2996:靈王
2966:鄭棕
2924:鄭檊
2914:盛王
2908:聖祖
2902:靖王
2880:鄭森
2870:恩王
2864:毅祖
2858:明王
2831:鄭楹
2821:順王
2815:裕祖
2809:威王
2777:鄭杠
2767:仁王
2761:禧祖
2755:安王
2728:鄭棡
2718:康王
2712:昭祖
2706:定王
2679:鄭根
2669:陽王
2663:弘祖
2657:西王
2620:鄭柞
2610:誼王
2604:文祖
2598:清王
2571:鄭梉
2555:成祖
2512:鄭松
2474:鄭檜
2458:世祖
2418:鄭檢
2169:三府軍
2119:Huế
1974:Huế
1614:in
128:of
98:Mạc
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