389:
Byzantine and
Chinese sources and argue that definitively conflating Ziebel with Tong Yabghu is an exaggeration of the extant evidence. The latest research on this topic proves that they were right: if Tong indeed died in 628, Ziebel is to be identified with Sipi khagan, Tong Yabghu's uncle, who murdered him and rose briefly to the throne. Sipi was by then pronounced Zibil and he was a small khagan in charge of the western part of Tong Yabghu's empire, exactly as Ziebel was according to the Byzantine sources. Ziebel is described as the brother of Tong in the Byzantine sources, and as his uncle in the Chinese sources, a discrepancy which long precluded the identification. However uncle and elder brother is the same word in ancient Turkish,
334:
213:
397:
305:) to the south. All countries are subjected to him. He controlled ten thousands of men with arrow and bow, establishing his power over the western region. He occupied the land of Wusun and moved his tent to Qianquan north of Tashkent. All of the princes of western region assumed the Turk office of
388:
in 627–628. It has long been maintained by some scholars, including
Chavannes, Uchida, Gao and Xue Zhongzeng that Tong Yabghu cannot be positively identified with Ziebel (or any Khazar ruler) and may actually have died as early as 626. These scholars point to discrepancies in the dates between
441:
faction. Following the death of Tong Yabghu, the might of the
Western Göktürks largely collapsed. Although the khaganate lingered for a few decades before falling to the Chinese Empire, many of the client tribes became independent and a number of successor states, including the
730:
The identification of Ziebel as "Khagan of the
Khazars" rather than of the Western Turks is likely because the Khazars, as Göktürk vassals, made up the largest contingent of the Göktürk army with whom the Greeks had contact. Klyashtorny 96–97; Golden,
250:
and left a description of the khagan. Scholars believe the khagan described by
Xuanzang was Tong Yabghu. Gao and La Vaissière argue that the khagan Xuanzang met was his son Si Yabghu, rather than Tong Yabghu. Xuanzang described the khagan as follows:
268:
wound round his forehead and hung down behind. The ministers of the presence, numbering two hundred in number, all wearing embroidered robes, stood on his right and left. The rest of his military retinue clothed in fur,
425:, the westernmost of the tribes owing allegiance to the Western Göktürks; this branch of the family may have provided the Khazars with their first khagans in the mid seventh century.
1824:
568:
Structural
Metaphor at the Heart Of Untranslatability in Ancient Chinese and Ancient Chinese Texts: a Preliminary Study Of The Case Of The Lexical Field of 'Norm'" in
851:
899:
La Vaissière, E. de "Ziebel Qaghan identified" in C. Zuckerman (ed.), Constructing the 7th century (Travaux et mémoires 17), Paris 2013, pp. 741–748
808:
836:
337:
Sassanian fortress in
Derbent, built to protect against nomads from the north. Derbent played a vital role in Tong Yabghu's campaigns against Persia.
1672:
1184:
1177:
895:
837:"Revision of Zhongguo Lishi Da Cidian's Sui Tang Wudai Juan (Comprehensive Dictionary of Chinese History, vol. Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties)"
1498:
894:
La Vaissière, E. de "Oncles et frères : les qaghans
Ashinas et le vocabulaire turc de la parenté" Turcica 42, 2010, p. 267–277
1834:
1677:
1689:
176:
His name is transcribed with
Chinese character 統, which means "main silk thread > guideline, to unite, to command, to govern".
1667:
990:
630:
135. According to
Chinese historical sources, the marriage was never carried out because of interference by the Eastern Göktürk
1829:
820:
641:
514:
900:
930:
27:
1607:
890:
634:, whose territory sat between his territory and Tang territory and who felt threatened by the proposed marriage.
1819:
1682:
1635:
393:
and the Chinese sources could not render this double meaning with their very precise system of kinship names.
889:
La Vaissière, E. de "Notes sur la chronologie de Xuanzang" Journal Asiatique 298.1 2010 pp. 157–168.
404:
stretched between the Caspian seashore and the Caucasus for forty kilometers; they are still in existence.
983:
825:
677:
La Vaissière 2010. If 630 is correct for Xuanzang the son business must be related to the 628 death date.
1839:
1587:
1267:
417:
to manage the various tribes and people under his overlordship. In all likelihood Tong Yabghu's nephew
1416:
1781:
1202:
1106:
950:
153:
31:
313:
to monitor them for imposition. The power of Western Turks had never reached such a state before".
293:
Tong Yehu Kaghan is a man of bravery and astuteness. He is good at art of war. Thus he controlled
1645:
1330:
517:. 630 in Baumer,2,198, Christian, p260, Sinor,309 has alive in 630. Baumer starts the reign c617.
324:
1662:
1650:
1640:
1007:
976:
858:
328:
713:
1657:
1630:
1597:
1582:
911:
8:
1814:
1572:
1562:
1370:
288:, Tong Yabghu's reign was once considered as the golden age of Western Göktürk Khaganate:
122:
1592:
1149:
798:
401:
354:
181:
126:
492:
The Archaeology of Afghanistan: From Earliest Times to the Timurid Period: New Edition
168:
clan; his reign is generally regarded as the zenith of the Western Göktürk Khaganate.
1602:
1567:
1505:
1375:
926:
816:
462:
1694:
1355:
1242:
1237:
1163:
960:
434:
366:
284:
59:
1360:
1514:
1459:
1423:
1345:
1340:
870:
Khazar Studies: An Historio-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars.
1493:
1488:
1388:
1222:
1191:
1170:
1072:
1049:
846:
636:
594:
509:
447:
385:
270:
197:
1808:
1715:
1577:
1483:
1434:
1365:
1260:
1252:
1156:
1126:
1039:
999:
277:
and bows in order, and the riders of camels and horses stretched far out of .
189:
161:
1786:
1454:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1247:
1131:
1088:
1059:
1054:
1034:
1029:
1024:
631:
467:
294:
257:
225:
165:
83:
1298:
418:
350:
1520:
1469:
1464:
1439:
1350:
1285:
1280:
1217:
1136:
1116:
1018:
601:. Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature. Vol. 2. p. 337.
914:. История агван Моисея Каганкатваци, писателя X века (trans. and ed. by
1612:
1380:
1291:
1275:
1141:
1121:
1079:
438:
247:
177:
137:
841:
Journal of Yantai Normal Institute's Philosophy & Social Sciences,
1402:
1395:
374:
342:
1065:
1730:
1557:
1537:
1409:
915:
715:
Western Turks and Byzantine gold coins found in China - Transoxiana
382:
378:
264:
robe; his hair, which was ten feet long, was free. A band of white
239:
233:
98:
94:
1765:
1755:
687:
471:
443:
422:
370:
333:
306:
302:
236:
212:
78:
1791:
1750:
1725:
1710:
1547:
1227:
1095:
942:
573:. Vol. 4. Charles University: Karolinum Press. p. 42.
396:
358:
298:
217:
157:
149:
130:
49:
232:, and may have married into the Imperial family. The Chinese
1760:
1740:
1735:
1720:
1552:
1542:
1212:
1044:
414:
310:
274:
261:
243:
229:
193:
614:
An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish
361:
territory. Many scholars have identified Tong Yabghu as the
968:
346:
265:
815:. 3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2018.
1745:
156:
from 618 to 628 AD. Tong Yanghu was the brother of
852:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
489:
879:. Washington, D.C.: American Historical Society, 1998.
496:
Tong Yabgu was favourably inclined towards Buddhism...
160:(r. 611–618), the previous khagan of the western
528:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples
421:, and son of Zibil/Ziebel was the commander of the
877:Nomads and Sedentary Societies in Medieval Eurasia
863:Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples.
592:
1806:
925:. Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press, 1992.
652:
650:
224:Tong Yabghu maintained close relations with the
16:Khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate (618–628)
1825:People of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
830:A History of Russia, Mongolia and Central Asia.
611:
301:to the west, connected with Kasmira (nowadays
984:
647:
726:The campaign is described in detail in the
565:
318:
204:means vaguely "hero, outstanding warrior".
991:
977:
534:. Wiesbaden: Otto-Harrassowitz. p. 135, 71
349:. In the early 620's the khagan's nephew
395:
332:
211:
200:argues against Kashgari and states that
616:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 515.
184:, writing in the 11th century, glossed
1807:
664:
662:
972:
906:The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor
882:Klyashtorny, S.G. and T.I. Sultanov.
341:Tong Yabghu's empire fought with the
369:sources as having (as khagan of the
242:visited the western Göktürk capital
904:Mango, C. & R. Scott (trans.),
659:
413:Tong Yabghu appointed governors or
109:(r. 618–628 or 630) (also known as
13:
728:Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor.
437:, his uncle and a partisan of the
14:
1851:
1835:Ashina house of the Turkic Empire
774:Christian 283; Artamanov 170–180.
353:led a series of raids across the
908:, Oxford University Press, 1997.
872:Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.
490:Allchin Raymond Allchin (2019).
297:tribes to the north, confronted
1608:Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription
777:
768:
759:
750:
738:
720:
706:
697:
680:
671:
620:
309:. Tong Yehu Kaghan also sent a
605:
586:
577:
559:
546:
537:
520:
501:
483:
433:In ca. 630 he was murdered by
373:) campaigned with the Emperor
273:and fine wool, the spears and
1:
1631:Battle of Gol-Zarriun/Bukhara
865:Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1992.
792:
703:Adapted from Watters I:74,77.
408:
1830:7th-century monarchs in Asia
998:
7:
1678:Tang Western Turk campaigns
10:
1856:
1668:Tang Eastern Turk campaign
1588:Turks in the Tang military
1268:Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
593:Maħmūd al-Kašğari (1982).
322:
220:at their height, c. 600 AD
164:, and was a member of the
1774:
1703:
1621:
1530:
1433:
1329:
1201:
1105:
1006:
957:
947:
939:
453:
146:t'uong d'źiap-ġuo k'â-ġân
89:
77:
69:
65:
55:
45:
37:
26:
21:
1203:Western Turkic Khaganate
1107:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
951:Western Turkic Khaganate
918:). St. Petersburg, 1861.
875:Golden, Peter Benjamin.
868:Golden, Peter Benjamin.
612:Clauson, Gerard (1972).
477:
458:He had at least 2 sons:
428:
319:Campaigns against Persia
207:
154:Western Turkic Khaganate
144:; < Middle Chinese: *
32:Western Turkic Khaganate
1331:Second Turkic Khaganate
530:. Series: Turcologica,
325:Second Perso-Turkic War
171:
1008:First Turkic Khaganate
859:Golden, Peter Benjamin
597:; James Kelly (eds.).
450:, became independent.
405:
338:
329:Third Perso-Turkic War
316:
280:
221:
1598:Tonyukuk inscriptions
1583:Shoroon Bumbagar tomb
686:"ta-Kuan"", probably
399:
336:
290:
253:
215:
192:as basically meaning
1636:Göktürk–Persian wars
1476:Mengchi Protectorate
1447:Kunling Protectorate
912:Movses Kagankatvatsi
813:The Jews of Khazaria
786:, Christian 260–285.
566:Zadrapa, L. (2017).
142:T'ung Yeh-hu K'o-han
1782:Göktürk family tree
1573:Orkhon inscriptions
1563:Old Turkic language
1371:Kutluk Yabgu Khagan
735:135; Christian 260.
599:Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk
123:Traditional Chinese
1417:Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun
1233:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
1150:Ashina Jiesheshuai
923:A History of Turks
805:. Leningrad, 1962.
799:Artamonov, Mikhail
765:La Vaissière 2010b
756:La Vaissière 2013.
406:
402:Gates of Alexander
400:The 20-metre-high
355:Caucasus Mountains
339:
222:
182:Mahmud al-Kashgari
127:Simplified Chinese
115:Tong Yabghu Khagan
107:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
22:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
1840:Buddhist monarchs
1800:
1799:
1663:Göktürk civil war
1658:Goguryeo–Tang War
1603:Ongin inscription
1568:Old Turkic script
1506:Anxi Protectorate
967:
966:
958:Succeeded by
886:. Alma-Ata, 1992.
821:978-1-5381-0342-5
809:Brook, Kevin Alan
494:. pp. 5–96.
470:(達頭设) - Yabgu of
282:According to the
104:
103:
1847:
1695:Battle of Bolchu
1690:Li-Sun rebellion
1243:Sy Yabghu Khagan
993:
986:
979:
970:
969:
940:Preceded by
937:
936:
921:Xue, Zongzheng.
832:Blackwell, 1999.
826:Christian, David
787:
781:
775:
772:
766:
763:
757:
754:
748:
742:
736:
724:
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684:
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563:
557:
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544:
541:
535:
524:
518:
505:
499:
498:
487:
444:Khazar Khaganate
285:Old Book of Tang
19:
18:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1820:Göktürk khagans
1805:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1770:
1699:
1623:
1617:
1531:Göktürk culture
1526:
1515:Tokhara Yabghus
1460:Ashina Yuanqing
1437:
1429:
1424:El Bilga Khatun
1346:Qapaghan Qaghan
1341:Ilterish Qaghan
1333:
1325:
1205:
1197:
1109:
1101:
1010:
1002:
997:
963:
954:
945:
855:. London, 1845.
803:Istoriya Khazar
795:
790:
782:
778:
773:
769:
764:
760:
755:
751:
743:
739:
725:
721:
711:
707:
702:
698:
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681:
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621:
610:
606:
591:
587:
582:
578:
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547:
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538:
525:
521:
506:
502:
488:
484:
480:
456:
431:
411:
331:
323:Main articles:
321:
210:
174:
134:Tǒng Yèhù Kěhán
60:Baghatur Qaghan
17:
12:
11:
5:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1494:Ashina Huaidao
1491:
1489:Ashina Huseluo
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1389:Ashina Duoxifu
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:Heshana Qaghan
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1192:Ashina Shibobi
1188:
1181:
1174:
1171:Ashina Nishufu
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1073:Empress Ashina
1069:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:Ishbara Qaghan
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1004:
1003:
996:
995:
988:
981:
973:
965:
964:
959:
956:
949:Qaghan of the
946:
941:
935:
934:
919:
909:
902:
897:
892:
887:
880:
873:
866:
856:
847:Gibbon, Edward
844:
833:
823:
806:
794:
791:
789:
788:
776:
767:
758:
749:
747:, Xue 286–289.
737:
719:
705:
696:
694:Christian 260.
679:
670:
658:
656:Christian 260.
646:
637:Zizhi Tongjian
619:
604:
595:Robert Dankoff
585:
576:
558:
545:
536:
519:
510:Zizhi Tongjian
500:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
465:
455:
452:
448:Great Bulgaria
430:
427:
410:
407:
386:Persian Empire
320:
317:
209:
206:
198:Gerard Clauson
173:
170:
102:
101:
91:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1852:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1803:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1578:Orkhon Valley
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Ashina Buzhen
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1435:Western Turks
1432:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Tengri Qaghan
1364:
1362:
1361:Yollıg Khagan
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:El Kulug Shad
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:Ishbara Tolis
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
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1193:
1189:
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1185:Ashide Fengji
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:Ashina She'er
1161:
1158:
1157:Ashina Funian
1154:
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1147:
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1140:
1138:
1137:Qilibi Qaghan
1135:
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1041:
1040:Taspar Qaghan
1038:
1036:
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1016:
1015:
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690:is intended;
689:
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543:Christian 260
540:
533:
529:
526:Golden, P.B.
523:
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365:mentioned in
364:
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267:
263:
260:wore a green
259:
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190:Middle Turkic
187:
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179:
169:
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159:
155:
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147:
143:
139:
135:
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128:
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44:
40:
36:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1802:
1787:Ashina tribe
1622:Göktürk wars
1455:Ashina Mishe
1376:Özmiş Khagan
1320:Ashina Tuizi
1313:Tardush Shad
1306:Ashina Duzhi
1248:Duolu Qaghan
1232:
1178:Ashide Wenfu
1142:Chebi Qaghan
1132:Illig Qaghan
1127:Chulo Qaghan
1122:Shibi Qaghan
1089:Yangsu Tegin
1060:Tulan Qaghan
1055:Bagha Qaghan
1045:Ashina Anluo
1035:Muqan Qaghan
1030:Issik Qaghan
1025:Bumin Qaghan
948:
922:
905:
883:
876:
869:
862:
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840:
829:
812:
802:
783:
779:
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744:
740:
733:Introduction
732:
727:
722:
714:
708:
699:
691:
682:
673:
635:
632:Illig Qaghan
628:Introduction
627:
622:
613:
607:
598:
588:
579:
571:
567:
561:
553:
548:
539:
531:
527:
522:
507:
503:
495:
491:
485:
468:Tardush Shad
457:
432:
412:
390:
381:against the
362:
340:
292:
291:
283:
281:
255:
254:
226:Tang dynasty
223:
201:
185:
175:
145:
141:
133:
118:
114:
111:T'ung Yabghu
110:
106:
105:
1624:and battles
1593:Ülüş system
1521:Turk Shahis
1470:Ashina Zhen
1465:Ashina Xian
1440:Jimi system
1356:Bilgä Qaǧan
1351:Inel Qaghan
1281:Irbis Seguy
1238:Külüg Sibir
1218:Niri Qaghan
1117:Yami Qaghan
1019:Ashina Tuwu
961:Külüg Sibir
712:Ying, Lin.
570:Philologica
472:Tokharistan
435:Külüg Sibir
46:Predecessor
1815:628 deaths
1809:Categories
1613:Qara bodun
1499:Ashina Xin
1381:Ashina Shi
1292:Bagha Shad
1276:Yukuk Shad
1080:Apa Qaghan
884:Kazakhstan
793:References
409:Governance
248:Kyrgyzstan
246:in modern
218:khaganates
178:Karakhanid
138:Wade-Giles
119:Tong Yabğu
1673:Xueyantuo
1523:(665–870)
1517:(625-758)
1403:Kul Tigin
1396:Kulun Beg
1334:(682–744)
1299:Böri Shad
1206:(581–657)
1110:(581–630)
1011:(552–581)
835:Gao Lei.
508:628 from
463:Si Yabghu
419:Böri Shad
375:Heraclius
367:Byzantine
351:Böri Shad
343:Sassanids
275:standards
129:: 统叶护可汗,
93:probably
56:Successor
1683:Conquest
1558:Kurultai
1538:Tengrism
1410:Tonyukuk
1000:Göktürks
955:618–628
916:Patkanov
668:Gao 113.
642:vol. 192
626:Golden,
552:Golden,
515:vol. 193
383:Sassanid
379:Caucasus
240:Xuanzang
234:Buddhist
216:Göktürk
180:scholar
162:Göktürks
99:Tengrism
95:Buddhism
90:Religion
1766:Elteber
1756:Tarkhan
688:tarkhan
583:Xue 284
423:Khazars
377:in the
371:Khazars
359:Persian
307:Jielifa
303:Kashmir
237:pilgrim
152:of the
125:統葉護可汗,
41:618-628
30:of the
1792:Ashide
1775:Family
1751:Khatun
1726:Yabghu
1711:Khagan
1704:Titles
1646:Second
1548:Otuken
1438:under
1286:Hallig
1228:Sheguy
1096:Tamgan
1066:Istämi
943:Sheguy
929:
819:
554:Nomads
454:Family
415:tuduns
363:Ziebel
299:Persia
166:Ashina
158:Sheguy
150:khagan
148:) was
131:pinyin
117:, and
84:Ashina
50:Sheguy
28:Qaghan
1761:Ishad
1741:Tudun
1736:Boyla
1731:Bagha
1721:Tegin
1651:Third
1641:First
1553:Suyab
1543:Asena
1213:Tardu
843:2001.
478:Notes
429:Death
357:into
311:Tutun
295:Tiele
271:serge
262:satin
244:Suyab
230:China
208:Reign
194:tiger
79:House
38:Reign
1716:Shad
927:ISBN
817:ISBN
784:E.g.
745:E.g.
446:and
439:Dulu
391:äçi,
347:Iran
327:and
266:silk
258:khan
256:The
202:toŋa
186:toŋa
172:Name
70:Died
1746:Beg
692:see
556:30.
345:of
228:of
188:in
97:or
73:628
1811::
861:.
849:.
839:.
828:.
811:.
801:.
661:^
649:^
640:,
513:,
196:.
140::
136:,
121:,
113:,
1426:)
1422:(
1419:)
1415:(
1412:)
1408:(
1405:)
1401:(
1398:)
1394:(
1391:)
1387:(
1322:)
1318:(
1315:)
1311:(
1308:)
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1301:)
1297:(
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1270:)
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1194:)
1190:(
1187:)
1183:(
1180:)
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1173:)
1169:(
1166:)
1162:(
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1155:(
1152:)
1148:(
1098:)
1094:(
1091:)
1087:(
1082:)
1078:(
1075:)
1071:(
1068:)
1064:(
1021:)
1017:(
992:e
985:t
978:v
933:.
644:.
532:9
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