5603:
5588:
5654:
5618:
5640:
7381:
1085:
5668:
38:
8031:
400:
505:, which was officially adopted in 1958, with exceptions for the romanized forms of some of the most commonly used names of locations and persons, and other proper nouns. The romanized name for most locations, persons and other proper nouns in Taiwan is based on the Wade–Giles derived romanized form, for example
2229:
People unfamiliar with Wade–Giles often ignore the spiritus asper, sometimes omitting them when copying texts, unaware that they represent vital information. Hànyǔ Pīnyīn addresses this issue by employing the Latin letters customarily used for voiced stops, unneeded in
Mandarin, to represent the
5953:– Support Simplified and Traditional Chinese; Support most popular Romanization systems, including Hànyŭ Pīnyīn, Tongyòng Pinyin, Wade–Giles, MPS2, Yale and Gwoyeu Romatzyh; Support multiple pronunciations of a single character; Support customized output, such as ü or tone marks.
493:, but Wade–Giles was based on the Beijing dialect and was the system of transcription familiar in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century. Both of these kinds of transcription were used in
602:(DPP) along with the majority of the people in Taiwan, both native and overseas, use spelling and transcribe their legal names based on the Wade–Giles system, as well as the other aforementioned systems.
5912:), Shanghai: Hong Kong: Singapore: Yokohama: London: Kelly & Walsh, Limited; Bernard Quaritch, 1912. Rpt. of the 2nd ed. but in 2 vols. and bound as 1, New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp., 1964.
3391:
are indicated in Wade–Giles using superscript numbers (1–4) placed after the syllable. This contrasts with the use of diacritics to represent the tones in Pīnyīn. For example, the Pīnyīn
5561:
It denotes the neutral tone by placing a dot (if the neutral tone is compulsory) or a circle (if the neutral tone is optional) before the syllable. The dot or circle replaces the hyphen.
3603:
to separate all syllables within a word (whereas Pīnyīn separates syllables only in specially defined cases, using hyphens or closing (right) single quotation marks as appropriate).
557:
in
English, which became the basis for the system later known as Wade–Giles. The system, designed to transcribe Chinese terms for Chinese specialists, was further refined in 1892 by
5602:
6259:
6804:
5372:
Note: In Hànyǔ Pīnyīn, the so-called neutral tone is written leaving the syllable with no diacritic mark at all. In Tongyòng Pinyin, a ring is written over the vowel.
6766:
3614:. The use of apostrophe-like characters, hyphens, and capitalization is frequently not observed in place names and personal names. For example, the majority of
7506:
6288:
7313:
7303:
5751:
Yü-yen Tzŭ-erh Chi: A Progressive Course
Designed to Assist the Student of Colloquial Chinese, As Spoken in the Capital and the Metropolitan Department
389:
7308:
7067:
6615:
7222:
5587:
5432:
2203:
2256:, including in many proper names. However, if the apostrophe-like characters are kept, the system reveals a symmetry that leaves no overlap:
8058:
7389:
6627:
5681:
6016:
5847:
5392:
5868:(Yü Yen Tzǔ Êrh Chi) in two volumes. Third edition Shanghai: Hong Kong: Singapore: Yokohama: London: Kelly & Walsh, Limited, 1903.
574:
Taiwan used Wade–Giles for decades as the de facto standard, co-existing with several official romanizations in succession, namely,
6591:
6579:
5976:
5792:
6603:
6095:
5547:
to denote a second tone which comes from an original third tone, but only if the following syllable has the neutral tone and the
102:
7687:
74:
6926:
5924:
Library of
Congress Pinyin Conversion Project Frequently Asked Questions What's the difference between Wade–Giles and Pinyin?
5776:
3815:
7737:
5691:
81:
7579:
876:
832:
3892:
929:
5726:
2236:
Partly because of the popular omission of apostrophe-like characters, the four sounds represented in Hànyǔ Pīnyīn by
454:
121:
88:
8053:
5833:
5819:
2788:, depending on historical pronunciation (at the time Wade–Giles was developed). Specifically, after velar initials
1659:
563:
482:
7659:
2953:
2513:
2199:
896:
615:
371:
55:
5942:– Convert between Hànyǔ Pīnyīn, Wade–Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or (un-)common Romanization systems.
6366:
6009:
5348:
3417:
2777:
2372:
70:
59:
5617:
594:'s successful presidential bid in 2008 and in a number of cities with Kuomintang mayors. However, the current
7975:
7429:
3654:
3413:
3388:
2541:
2364:
2352:
865:
821:
323:
8034:
7945:
7469:
2569:
2356:
960:
918:
854:
810:
599:
579:
333:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2015:
1912:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1423:
1326:
1213:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
385:
381:
7950:
7822:
7747:
7404:
2679:
2496:
907:
291:
7992:
7965:
7842:
7754:
7501:
7481:
3680:
2191:
2139:, and visually similar characters are sometimes seen in various electronic documents using the system.
770:
759:
726:
715:
611:
529:, a scholar of Chinese and a British ambassador in China who was the first professor of Chinese at the
17:
5880:
7544:
6242:
6002:
3890:
3835:
3826:
3824:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3789:
3773:
3703:
3701:
3678:
3652:
940:
658:
7918:
7903:
7893:
7607:
5875:. 2-vol. & 3-vol. versions both. London: Shanghai: Bernard Quaritch; Kelly and Walsh, 1892.
5706:
3837:
3791:
3775:
7930:
6169:
5701:
2198:
instead of an apostrophe-like character to indicate aspiration. (This is similar to the obsolete
785:
741:
530:
465:
48:
7923:
7772:
95:
7864:
7707:
6305:
2931:) did not originally carry the medial . Peking dialect does not have phonemic contrast between
2651:
2484:
2384:
2101:
367:
7859:
7782:
7496:
7474:
6229:
6062:
3709:
2211:
2116:
971:
7627:
7595:
7424:
6549:
6044:
5571:
2163:
5973:– Wade–Giles pronunciation and English definitions for Chinese text snippets or web pages.
5548:
8:
7871:
7837:
7672:
7639:
7486:
7414:
7331:
7172:
7167:
6921:
6731:
6237:
5956:
5927:
3421:
891:
847:
803:
798:
754:
710:
653:
526:
494:
473:
159:
2943:(except in interjections when used alone) and a medial is usually inserted in front of
407:, featuring names using Wade–Giles in Taiwan versus those using pinyin in mainland China
7987:
7854:
7817:
7702:
7600:
7534:
7529:
7419:
7409:
7035:
7013:
6906:
6714:
6709:
6632:
6620:
6608:
6596:
6584:
6108:
5796:
5696:
5593:
3875:
3615:
3547:
3117:
2735:
2504:
2360:
2183:
648:
2623:
2476:
2210:
to denote aspiration is also found in romanizations of other Asian languages, such as
2179:
7898:
7888:
7767:
7732:
7587:
7539:
7491:
7258:
7111:
7045:
6901:
6886:
6557:
6534:
6488:
6413:
6339:
6219:
6187:
6141:
6080:
6070:
6035:
5902:
5891:
5772:
5608:
3687:
3625:
like "Tai Lun" or "Tai-Lun", whereas the Wade–Giles is actually "Tai-lun". (See also
489:
The romanization systems in common use until the late 19th century were based on the
349:
343:
5923:
8004:
7524:
7399:
7263:
7253:
7238:
7184:
7106:
7057:
7018:
6967:
6881:
6833:
6817:
6697:
6657:
6652:
6539:
6493:
6439:
6434:
6424:
6418:
6247:
6192:
6177:
6053:
6025:
5988:
5673:
3907:
3842:. By contrast it is always present to mark the front vowel in Wade–Giles.) Because
3618:
1720:
953:
644:
639:
554:
514:
469:
417:
246:
210:
181:
7955:
7935:
7832:
7792:
7777:
7516:
7366:
7356:
7336:
7293:
7288:
7154:
7118:
7101:
7091:
7030:
6848:
6784:
6726:
6674:
6669:
6571:
6467:
6462:
6371:
6318:
6313:
6293:
6278:
6273:
6214:
6209:
6199:
6182:
6154:
6126:
6103:
5984:
5970:
5766:
5749:
5686:
5624:
5290:
4997:
4669:
4383:
4103:
3644:
2707:
2500:
2215:
2187:
670:
663:
583:
575:
550:
490:
313:
5939:
227:
8009:
7999:
7970:
7677:
7649:
7361:
7346:
7248:
7199:
7194:
7179:
7123:
7062:
6944:
6916:
6896:
6843:
6812:
6789:
6779:
6774:
6736:
6719:
6664:
6529:
6511:
6429:
6403:
6344:
6264:
6252:
6204:
6159:
6149:
6075:
2128:
2112:
2104:
686:
675:
498:
7380:
8047:
7810:
7622:
7617:
7189:
7133:
7128:
7096:
7083:
6959:
6911:
6838:
6794:
6684:
6521:
6444:
6283:
6131:
6118:
5945:
5645:
2223:
2124:
2120:
558:
510:
477:
404:
163:
5946:
A conversion table of
Chinese provinces and cities from Wade–Giles to Pīnyīn
7682:
7632:
7008:
6891:
6864:
6408:
6398:
5659:
3673:) to represent a Northern Mandarin pronunciation of what is represented as
3626:
3584:
2182:(POJ, often called Missionary Romanization) is similar to Wade–Giles. POJ,
2171:
1084:
623:
595:
591:
568:
502:
253:
7827:
7801:
7697:
7667:
7644:
7612:
7351:
7341:
7145:
7040:
7025:
6988:
6936:
6757:
6748:
6644:
6483:
6358:
6085:
5866:
A progressive course designed to assist the student of
Colloquial Chinese
3821:
3611:
3236:
5876:
618:
phonetic symbol (in square brackets), and equivalent representations in
7243:
7217:
6983:
6949:
6454:
6381:
3832:
3622:
2132:
2108:
587:
3869:
3542:
3515:
2773:
in Wade–Giles has two pronunciations in modern Peking dialect: and .
224:
221:
218:
7692:
7443:
7434:
7162:
7052:
6704:
6692:
6503:
6334:
5428:
5427:
while Wade–Giles uses the left apostrophe, similar to the aspiration
3796:
can occur in those cases in pinyin where the diaeresis are indicated
3691:
3607:
2433:
2295:
2261:
2219:
506:
193:
37:
7982:
7568:
7209:
6390:
5994:
5985:
Key to Wade–Giles romanization of
Chinese characters: November 1944
5964:
5950:
5667:
5325:
5236:
5101:
4831:
4734:
4551:
4436:
4241:
4135:
3977:
2399:
2136:
619:
377:
263:
147:
8014:
3606:
If a syllable is not the first in a word, its first letter is not
2856:
depending on the character. In all other circumstances, it writes
7881:
7561:
7448:
7277:
6873:
5433:
International
Phonetic Alphabet before the revisions of the 1970s
3926:
2175:
705:
2848:
in Pīnyīn. When forms a syllable on its own, Wade–Giles writes
2804:, which had been dropped by the time Wade–Giles was developed),
2100:
A feature of the Wade–Giles system is the representation of the
399:
7940:
7742:
5268:
4933:
4623:
4328:
4054:
3600:
2863:
What is pronounced in Peking dialect as is usually written as
2167:
476:
during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with
7453:
5581:
Examples of Wade–Giles derived
English language terminology:
610:
The tables below show the Wade–Giles representation of each
3854:"jade") must have an umlaut in Wade–Giles, the umlaut-less
440:
426:
3913:
3799:
2915:. This is because characters like 羅, 多, etc. (Wade–Giles:
437:
497:(romanized place-names standardized for postal uses). In
5768:
The
Politics of Language in Chinese Education: 1895–1919
3780:
cannot otherwise appear after those letters. (The vowel
5960:, Chinese phrasebook by Herbert Giles with Romanization
5951:
Pinyin4j: Java library supporting Chinese to Wade–Giles
5793:"Chinese Language Transliteration Systems – Wade–Giles"
2487:(hence distinguishable only by the initial from as in
3916:
3783:
3767:
2776:
What is pronounced in vernacular Peking dialect as a
2402:
written in this position (and this position only) as
2206:). The convention of an apostrophe-like character or
2131:(‘) for the same purpose. A third group used a plain
1750:
455:
446:
423:
420:
5635:
5390:
The Romanization system used in the 1943 edition of
3910:
3712:
above, while pinyin only employs it in the cases of
2144:
p, pʻ, t, tʻ, k, kʻ, ch, chʻ
443:
429:
376:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1568:. When forms a syllable on its own, it is written
434:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5795:. UCLA film and television archive. Archived from
3939:After a consonant, both Wade–Giles and Pīnyīn use
3860:in Wade–Giles is freed up for what corresponds to
3855:
3574:Simplified and traditional characters are the same
2095:
8045:
3632:
2174:(which has a full set of voiced consonants) and
614:(in bold type), together with the corresponding
390:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
5967:– Converts between Wade–Giles and other formats
5541:in accordance with their modern pronunciations.
5396:differs from Wade–Giles in the following ways:
3889:in Wade–Giles, reflecting the pronunciation of
2127:and others used a left (opening) curved single
3931:
3861:
3843:
3820:; in which cases it serves to distinguish the
3742:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
6010:
5380:There are several adaptations of Wade–Giles.
3867:
3849:
2832:) have shifted to , thus they are written as
535:
216:
7809:
3395:(fourth tone) has the Wade–Giles equivalent
567:), a British diplomat in China and his son,
5682:Comparison of Chinese transcription systems
2341:
472:. It developed from the system produced by
8030:
7800:
6017:
6003:
590:(KMT) has previously promoted pinyin with
5483:for the syllable , while Wade–Giles uses
5468:for the syllable , while Wade–Giles uses
501:, Wade–Giles has been mostly replaced by
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
5758:
2891:(as in 過, 霍, etc.), which contrast with
1651:
1018:
398:
27:Romanization scheme for Mandarin Chinese
7725:
3557:
3526:
3499:
3474:
3453:
14:
8046:
3686:
2359:, Wade–Giles renders the two types of
2346:
2146:. The use of this character preserves
2107:pairs using a character resembling an
605:
549:) in 1867, the first textbook on the
348:
5998:
5764:
1757:
1031:
6024:
5747:
536:
380:. For the distinction between ,
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
5848:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
5393:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
5346:
5324:
5164:
5100:
4779:
4733:
4490:
4435:
4183:
4134:
3947:instead of the complete syllables:
2142:Examples using the spiritus asper:
2079:Wade–Giles writes the syllable as
571:, a curator at the British Museum.
24:
8059:Writing systems introduced in 1892
5916:
2828:after velars (and what used to be
2115:(ʽ or ʻ), borrowed from the
2111:. Thomas Wade and others used the
2090:
1751:Syllables that begin with a medial
25:
8070:
5933:
2471:These finals are both written as
8029:
7507:Literary and colloquial readings
7379:
5965:Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool
5692:Daoism–Taoism romanization issue
5666:
5652:
5638:
5616:
5601:
5586:
3906:
2503:. They are typically omitted in
1715:), both of which are pronounced
1083:
416:
36:
5858:
2232:b, p, d, t, g, k, j, q, zh, ch.
2059:
2049:
2029:
2019:
1992:
1970:
1879:
1869:
1839:
1807:
1797:
1437:
1360:
1340:
1291:
1281:
1227:
1200:
1180:
1170:
1150:
1090:
1074:
372:International Phonetic Alphabet
47:needs additional citations for
5940:Chinese Romanization Converter
5840:
5826:
5812:
5785:
5754:(in Chinese). London: Trübner.
5741:
5719:
5551:is therefore not predictable:
5509:It does not use the spellings
5400:It uses the right apostrophe:
5375:
3868:
3850:
3594:
3577:
3568:
3541:
3537:
3514:
3510:
3489:
3485:
3443:
3439:
3356:Zhùyīn and Pīnyīn write as ㄛ
2778:close-mid back unrounded vowel
2376:
2368:
2096:Consonants and initial symbols
546:
542:
268:
217:
13:
1:
5748:Wade, Thomas Francis (1867).
5712:
5494:It offers the choice between
3748:, while leaving it out after
3677:in pinyin (Northern Mandarin
3651:(implying a sound like IPA's
3633:Comparison with other systems
2879:) and the three syllables of
2808:is used; for example, "哥" is
2178:(Hō-ló-oē) whose century-old
8035:List of varieties of Chinese
5873:A Chinese–English Dictionary
5834:A Chinese–English Dictionary
5820:A Chinese–English Dictionary
5502:, while Wade–Giles requires
5345:
5323:
5163:
5099:
4778:
4732:
4489:
4434:
4182:
4133:
3764:as a simplification because
2357:Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
2087:depending on the character.
1660:A Chinese–English Dictionary
1639:depending on the character.
1576:depending on the character.
600:Democratic Progressive Party
580:Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
564:A Chinese–English Dictionary
525:Wade–Giles was developed by
483:A Chinese–English Dictionary
365: This article contains
7:
5881:Vol. I: front-matter &
5877:Rev. & enlarged 2nd ed.
5631:
5491:depending on the character.
5476:depending on the character.
3932:
3862:
3856:
3844:
3743:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
2279:) are always before either
629:
10:
8075:
7993:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
5727:"Language Subtag Registry"
5611:Hospital and Health Bureau
5576:
5569:
5383:
3610:, even if it is part of a
3380:after all other initials.
2903:that correspond to Pīnyīn
2867:in Wade–Giles, except for
2764:
2192:EFEO Chinese transcription
1759:
1033:
520:
8027:
7911:
7880:
7791:
7716:
7658:
7578:
7553:
7515:
7462:
7388:
7377:
7324:
7276:
7231:
7208:
7153:
7144:
7082:
7001:
6976:
6958:
6935:
6872:
6863:
6826:
6803:
6765:
6756:
6747:
6683:
6643:
6570:
6548:
6520:
6502:
6476:
6453:
6389:
6380:
6357:
6327:
6304:
6228:
6168:
6140:
6117:
6094:
6061:
6052:
6043:
6032:
5958:Chinese without a teacher
5765:Kaske, Elisabeth (2008).
5302:
5289:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5267:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5036:
4996:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4937:
4932:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4690:
4668:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4648:
4645:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4622:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4395:
4382:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4109:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3637:
3464:
2734:
2706:
2678:
2650:
2622:
2596:
2568:
2540:
2512:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1663:also includes the finals
1068:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1024:
952:
890:
797:
704:
669:
636:
363:
359:
342:
332:
322:
312:
300:
290:
262:
252:
245:
240:
236:
209:
205:
192:
187:
177:
169:
155:
142:
136:
5707:Cyrillization of Chinese
5565:
4546:Non-sibilant consonants
3963:
3383:
2342:Vowels and final symbols
2162:for the romanization of
8054:Romanization of Chinese
5702:Romanization of Chinese
5544:It uses an underscored
3690:; generally considered
531:University of Cambridge
368:phonetic transcriptions
198:BCP 47 variant subtag:
5864:Wade, Thomas Francis.
5525:, replacing them with
2824:). In Peking dialect,
2780:is written usually as
2204:revisions of the 1970s
2202:convention before the
1579:Wade–Giles writes as
408:
307:Wei Chai Shih Pʻin-yin
5971:Wade–Giles Annotation
5771:. Brill. p. 68.
5464:It consistently uses
3643:Wade–Giles chose the
2117:polytonic orthography
2102:unaspirated-aspirated
402:
318:Wei Jhái Shìh Pin-yin
4826:Sibilant consonants
3957:⟨-uen⟩
3953:⟨-uên⟩
3949:⟨-iou⟩
3887:⟨-ung⟩
3883:⟨-ong⟩
3685:/ Southern Mandarin
2313:) are always before
2170:consonants, such as
1001:, Wade–Giles writes
495:postal romanizations
296:Uei Jair Shyh Pin'in
56:improve this article
5928:Library of Congress
5871:Giles, Herbert A.
5232:
4827:
4547:
4237:
3973:
3945:⟨-un⟩
3941:⟨-iu⟩
3881:The Pīnyīn cluster
3403:
2784:, but sometimes as
2373:traditional Chinese
2347:Syllabic consonants
2230:unaspirated stops:
606:Initials and finals
598:administration and
527:Thomas Francis Wade
474:Thomas Francis Wade
466:romanization system
338:Wēi Jái Shr̀ Pīnyīn
328:Wēi Jái Shr̀ Pīnyīn
258:Wēi-Zhái Shì Pīnyīn
7988:Cantonese Bopomofo
7855:Chinese characters
7783:Written Sichuanese
6367:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
5799:on 28 January 2007
5697:Legge romanization
5594:Tzu Chi University
5349:Chinese characters
5228:
4825:
4545:
4232:
3968:
3519:; 'scold'
3492:; 'horse'
3402:
2800:(and a historical
2432:is used after the
2398:is used after the
2365:simplified Chinese
2361:syllabic consonant
2184:Legge romanization
1489:Wade–Giles writes
537:Yü-yen Tzŭ-erh Chi
409:
8041:
8040:
8023:
8022:
7850:
7849:
7768:Written Cantonese
7763:
7762:
7545:Classical grammar
7540:Cantonese grammar
7375:
7374:
7272:
7271:
7078:
7077:
6997:
6996:
6859:
6858:
6566:
6565:
6353:
6352:
6243:Chengdu–Chongqing
6036:Sinitic languages
5778:978-9-004-16367-6
5609:Lienchiang County
5370:
5369:
5226:
5225:
4823:
4822:
4543:
4542:
4230:
4229:
3675:⟨r⟩
3649:⟨j⟩
3564:
3563:
3482:3. low (dipping)
3467:; 'hemp'
3354:
3353:
2762:
2761:
2505:Zhùyīn (Bōpōmōfō)
2252:often all become
2212:McCune–Reischauer
2208:⟨h⟩
2196:⟨h⟩
2164:Chinese varieties
2077:
2076:
1487:
1486:
987:
986:
533:. Wade published
397:
396:
355:
354:
324:Yale Romanization
247:Standard Mandarin
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
8066:
8033:
8032:
8005:Taiwanese Hangul
7894:Mainland Chinese
7807:
7806:
7798:
7797:
7723:
7722:
7400:Standard Chinese
7383:
7151:
7150:
6870:
6869:
6763:
6762:
6754:
6753:
6636:
6624:
6612:
6600:
6588:
6387:
6386:
6059:
6058:
6050:
6049:
6026:Chinese language
6019:
6012:
6005:
5996:
5995:
5989:Army Map Service
5981:
5852:
5844:
5838:
5830:
5824:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5723:
5676:
5674:Languages portal
5671:
5670:
5662:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5648:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5620:
5605:
5590:
5572:Wade–Giles table
5461:
5426:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5233:
5227:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4828:
4824:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4548:
4544:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4238:
4231:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3967:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3896:
3888:
3884:
3873:
3872:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3830:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3746:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3708:) always has an
3707:
3689:
3684:
3676:
3658:
3650:
3619:Taiwanese people
3599:Wade–Giles uses
3588:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3559:
3545:
3539:
3528:
3518:
3512:
3501:
3491:
3487:
3476:
3466:
3455:
3446:; 'mom'
3445:
3441:
3404:
3401:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2510:
2509:
2391:) differently:
2378:
2370:
2209:
2197:
2017:
1914:
1795:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1755:
1754:
1721:Standard Chinese
1631:, it is written
1425:
1328:
1215:
1087:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1029:
1028:
634:
633:
548:
544:
539:
515:Chiang Ching-kuo
470:Mandarin Chinese
461:
458:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
432:
431:
428:
425:
422:
393:
387:
383:
351:
308:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
238:
237:
232:
231:
230:
201:
182:Mandarin Chinese
134:
133:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
8074:
8073:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8044:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8019:
7956:Tongyong Pinyin
7936:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
7924:Dungan Cyrillic
7907:
7876:
7846:
7787:
7778:Written Hokkien
7759:
7718:
7712:
7688:Middle Mandarin
7654:
7574:
7549:
7511:
7458:
7391:
7384:
7371:
7320:
7268:
7227:
7204:
7140:
7074:
6993:
6972:
6954:
6931:
6855:
6822:
6799:
6743:
6679:
6639:
6630:
6618:
6606:
6594:
6582:
6562:
6544:
6516:
6498:
6472:
6449:
6376:
6349:
6323:
6300:
6224:
6164:
6136:
6113:
6090:
6039:
6028:
6023:
5979:
5936:
5919:
5917:Further reading
5861:
5856:
5855:
5845:
5841:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5813:
5802:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5779:
5763:
5759:
5746:
5742:
5732:
5730:
5725:
5724:
5720:
5715:
5687:Simplified Wade
5672:
5665:
5658:
5653:
5651:
5644:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5627:
5625:Pingtung County
5621:
5612:
5606:
5597:
5591:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5436:
5401:
5388:
5378:
5291:Tongyong Pinyin
4998:Tongyong Pinyin
4670:Tongyong Pinyin
4384:Tongyong Pinyin
4104:Tongyong Pinyin
3966:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:as an example.)
3909:
3905:
3886:
3882:
3797:
3781:
3765:
3674:
3648:
3640:
3635:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3386:
2767:
2708:Simplified Wade
2680:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
2624:Tongyòng Pinyin
2501:Simplified Wade
2497:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
2477:Tongyòng Pinyin
2381:kʻung-yün
2349:
2344:
2207:
2195:
2194:use the letter
2188:Simplified Wade
2098:
2093:
2091:System features
2066:
2065:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2008:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1753:
1599:, otherwise as
1544:, otherwise as
1474:
1473:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1027:
978:
975:
967:
964:
947:
944:
936:
933:
925:
922:
914:
911:
903:
900:
883:
880:
872:
869:
861:
858:
839:
836:
828:
825:
817:
814:
792:
789:
777:
774:
766:
763:
748:
745:
733:
730:
722:
719:
693:
690:
682:
679:
659:Alveolo-palatal
632:
608:
584:Tongyong Pinyin
576:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
551:Beijing dialect
523:
491:Nanjing dialect
459:
456:
433:
419:
415:
364:
314:Tongyong Pinyin
306:
292:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
282:
278:
274:
270:
215:
199:
150:
138:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8072:
8062:
8061:
8056:
8039:
8038:
8028:
8025:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
8000:Taiwanese kana
7997:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7980:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7971:Lessing-Othmer
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7915:
7913:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7884:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7869:
7868:
7867:
7862:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7813:
7804:
7795:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7773:Written Dungan
7770:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7751:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7729:
7727:
7720:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7678:Middle Chinese
7675:
7670:
7664:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7647:
7645:Wubi (Wang Ma)
7642:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7604:
7603:
7593:
7590:
7584:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7565:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7521:
7519:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7478:
7477:
7466:
7464:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7396:
7394:
7386:
7385:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7362:Xiangnan Tuhua
7359:
7354:
7349:
7347:Shaozhou Tuhua
7344:
7339:
7334:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7298:
7297:
7296:
7291:
7282:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7235:
7233:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7214:
7212:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7159:
7157:
7148:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7016:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6980:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6964:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6878:
6876:
6867:
6861:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6836:
6830:
6828:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6809:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6771:
6769:
6760:
6751:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6689:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6649:
6647:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6625:
6613:
6601:
6589:
6576:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6554:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6508:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6459:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6363:
6361:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6308:
6302:
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6260:Renshou–Fushun
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2113:spiritus asper
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499:mainland China
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388:⟩, see
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241:Transcriptions
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7919:Cyrillization
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5809:(Web archive)
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5646:Taiwan portal
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3921:
3904:
3902:
3894:
3880:
3878:") in Pinyin.
3877:
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3864:
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3682:
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3670:
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3646:
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3641:
3630:
3628:
3627:Chinese names
3624:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3602:
3586:
3580:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3548:interrogative
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3428:Hanyu Pinyin
3427:
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2835:
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2827:
2823:
2819:
2816:) and "刻" is
2815:
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2259:
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2239:
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2201:
2193:
2189:
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2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:Herbert Giles
2122:
2121:Ancient Greek
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2088:
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2073:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2054:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2024:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
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1911:
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917:
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895:
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886:
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685:
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674:
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665:
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660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
646:
643:
641:
638:
635:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:Chinese sound
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
565:
560:
559:Herbert Giles
556:
552:
540:
538:
532:
528:
518:
516:
512:
511:Matsu Islands
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
484:
479:
478:Herbert Giles
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:
451:
413:
406:
405:Taiwan Strait
401:
391:
379:
375:
373:
369:
362:
358:
350:
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345:
341:
337:
335:
331:
327:
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220:
214:
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208:
204:
197:
195:
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186:
183:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
164:Herbert Giles
161:
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154:
149:
145:
141:
135:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
7960:
7941:Hanyu Pinyin
7931:Romanization
7838:Semi-cursive
7683:Old Mandarin
7640:Stroke count
7567:
7560:
7482:Old National
7325:Unclassified
6230:Southwestern
6063:Northeastern
6045:Major groups
6034:
5980:(in Chinese)
5957:
5908:
5904:
5897:
5893:
5886:
5882:
5879:in 3 vols. (
5872:
5865:
5859:Bibliography
5846:
5842:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5814:
5801:. Retrieved
5797:the original
5787:
5767:
5760:
5750:
5743:
5731:. Retrieved
5721:
5660:China portal
5580:
5554:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5534:
5531:chʻüeh
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5431:used in the
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5391:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5371:
5303:
5229:
5037:
4691:
4396:
4234:
4110:
3970:
3925:
3900:
3898:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3719:
3697:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3621:write their
3605:
3598:
3585:neutral tone
3579:
3570:
3556:
3525:
3498:
3473:
3452:
3411:
3410:Sample text
3397:chʻien
3396:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3376:, and as ㄨㄛ
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2652:Hànyǔ Pīnyīn
2492:
2488:
2485:Hànyǔ Pīnyīn
2480:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2388:
2385:Hànyǔ Pīnyīn
2380:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2287:, but never
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2172:Shanghainese
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2099:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2060:
2050:
2030:
2020:
2003:
1993:
1981:
1971:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1927:
1917:
1900:
1890:
1880:
1870:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1830:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:chʻüeh
1732:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:, otherwise
1498:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1468:
1458:
1438:
1428:
1409:
1395:
1385:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1075:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
988:
972:
961:
941:
930:
919:
908:
897:
877:
866:
855:
833:
822:
811:
786:
771:
760:
742:
727:
716:
687:
676:
624:Hanyu Pinyin
609:
596:Tsai Ing-wen
592:Ma Ying-jeou
586:(2000). The
582:(1986), and
573:
569:Lionel Giles
562:
534:
524:
503:Hanyu Pinyin
488:
481:
411:
410:
384:and ⟨
366:
301:
254:Hanyu Pinyin
173:19th century
151:romanization
118:
112:January 2014
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
71:"Wade–Giles"
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
8010:Xiao'erjing
7872:Punctuation
7865:Traditional
7818:Oracle bone
7802:Logographic
7698:Proto-Hakka
7673:Eastern Han
7668:Old Chinese
7530:Classifiers
7497:Northern Wu
7425:Singaporean
6631: [
6619: [
6607: [
6595: [
6583: [
5549:tone sandhi
5515:chʻio
5376:Adaptations
5063:chʻih
5048:chʻin
3924:. (Compare
3822:front vowel
3665:in English
3623:given names
3612:proper noun
3608:capitalized
3595:Punctuation
3534:5. neutral
3507:4. falling
3431:Wade–Giles
3055:Wade–Giles
2597:Wade–Giles
2166:containing
1701:chʻüo
1677:chʻio
1637:chʻuo
1523:chʻui
1507:kʻuei
989:Instead of
804:Unaspirated
711:Unaspirated
403:Map of the
160:Thomas Wade
143:Script type
8048:Categories
7961:Wade–Giles
7860:Simplified
7755:Vernacular
7748:in Vietnam
7601:Simplified
7588:Biaoxingma
7535:Honorifics
7470:Historical
7415:Philippine
7405:Sichuanese
7332:Badong Yao
7036:Shao–Jiang
6907:Philippine
6715:Xiangxiang
6710:Shuangfeng
6455:Taizhou Wu
6238:Sichuanese
5903:Vol. III:
5713:References
5623:Emblem of
5458:tzʻŭ
5423:tzʼŭ
5304:Wade–Giles
5090:tzʻŭ
5087:tsʻê
5060:chʻê
5038:Wade–Giles
4692:Wade–Giles
4397:Wade–Giles
4111:Wade–Giles
3833:back vowel
3692:allophones
3461:2. rising
2947:to form .
2923:; Pīnyīn:
2885:kʻuo
2875:(e.g. "說"
2491:), and as
2180:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
2135:('). The
2133:apostrophe
2123:language.
2109:apostrophe
1719:in modern
1633:chʻo
1605:kʻuo
1566:chʻê
588:Kuomintang
412:Wade–Giles
302:Wade–Giles
137:Wade–Giles
82:newspapers
18:Wade-Giles
7899:Taiwanese
7889:Cantonese
7733:Classical
7693:Proto-Min
7628:Microsoft
7487:Cantonese
7463:Phonology
7444:Cantonese
7435:Singdarin
7420:Malaysian
7410:Taiwanese
7314:Rongjiang
7304:Yongjiang
7300:Southern
7285:Northern
7259:Luo–Guang
7168:Hong Kong
7163:Guangzhou
7119:Taiwanese
7112:Changting
7046:Zhanjiang
6960:Zhongshan
6927:Malaysian
6922:Singapore
6887:Zhangzhou
6839:Zhongshan
6732:Yong–Quan
6628:Jing-Zhan
6558:Xuancheng
6535:Jiangshan
6414:Changzhou
6335:Junjiahua
6188:Guanzhong
6071:Changchun
5892:Vol. II:
5837:, p. 761.
5596:, Hualien
5454:tsʻ
5450:chʻ
5429:diacritic
5419:tsʼ
5415:chʼ
5347:example (
4726:kʻo
4714:tʻê
3831:from the
3587:for more.
2897:kʻo
2818:kʻo
2441:chʻ
2434:retroflex
2408:tzʻ
2400:sibilants
2307:chʻ
2296:retroflex
2273:chʻ
2262:retroflex
2220:ISO 11940
1629:chʻ
1550:kʻo
1348:ㄛ/ㄨㄛ o/uo
1007:tzʻ
995:tsʻ
892:Fricative
848:Aspirated
799:Affricate
755:Aspirated
654:Retroflex
507:Kaohsiung
194:ISO 15924
188:ISO 15924
178:Languages
7983:Bopomofo
7912:Phonetic
7904:Two-cell
7833:Clerical
7743:in Japan
7738:Adoption
7726:Official
7717:Literary
7592:Boshiamy
7569:Xiehouyu
7525:Numerals
7502:Mandarin
7430:Standard
7390:Standard
7264:Qin–Lian
7254:Yong–Xun
7239:Gao–Yang
7185:Jiujiang
7173:Malaysia
7107:Tingzhou
7058:Wenchang
7019:Jianyang
7009:Northern
6968:Sanxiang
6882:Quanzhou
6865:Southern
6834:Manjiang
6698:Changsha
6658:Nanchang
6653:Chang–Du
6550:Xuanzhou
6540:Qingtian
6494:Wencheng
6440:Jiangyin
6435:Jinxiang
6425:Shaoxing
6419:Hangzhou
6399:Shanghai
6340:Qinjiang
6248:Minjiang
6220:Xinjiang
6178:Dongping
6142:Jiaoliao
6081:Shenyang
6054:Mandarin
5803:4 August
5733:13 March
5632:See also
5479:It uses
5446:kʻ
5442:tʻ
5438:pʻ
5411:kʼ
5407:tʼ
5403:pʼ
5326:Bopomofo
5165:example
5102:Bopomofo
4780:example
4735:Bopomofo
4699:pʻ
4491:example
4437:Bopomofo
4184:example
4136:Bopomofo
3876:there is
3874:"have"/"
3802:⟩
3798:⟨
3786:⟩
3782:⟨
3770:⟩
3766:⟨
3659:, as in
3616:overseas
3436:1. high
3360:after ㄅ
2820:(Pīnyīn
2812:(Pīnyīn
2794:kʻ
2451:(Pīnyīn
2414:(Pīnyīn
2309:(Pīnyīn
2301:(Pīnyīn
2275:(Pīnyīn
2267:(Pīnyīn
2260:The non-
2137:backtick
2067:ㄩㄢ yuan
2010:ㄨㄤ wang
1907:ㄧㄤ yang
1657:Giles's
1627:. After
1585:kʻ
1534:kʻ
1495:kʻ
1416:ㄨㄤ uang
1319:ㄧㄤ iang
649:Alveolar
630:Initials
620:Bopomofo
578:(1928),
555:Mandarin
486:(1892).
382:/ /
378:Help:IPA
264:Bopomofo
200:wadegile
148:Alphabet
7882:Braille
7843:Cursive
7793:Scripts
7660:History
7650:ZhengMa
7596:Cangjie
7562:Chengyu
7517:Grammar
7492:Hokkien
7449:Hokkien
7357:Waxiang
7337:Danzhou
7309:Guandao
7294:Younian
7289:Tongdao
7278:Pinghua
7218:Taishan
7134:Raoping
7102:Huizhou
7092:Meixian
7068:Banqiao
7041:Leizhou
7031:Pu–Xian
7026:Central
7014:Jian'ou
6989:Longyan
6937:Teochew
6874:Hokkien
6849:Nanlang
6805:Fu–Ning
6785:Changle
6767:Houguan
6758:Eastern
6705:Loushao
6693:Changyi
6675:Da–Tong
6670:Ying–Yi
6616:Yanzhou
6484:Wenzhou
6477:Oujiang
6468:Tiantai
6463:Taizhou
6372:Zhi–Yan
6319:Nantong
6314:Nanjing
6289:Gui–Liu
6279:Nanping
6274:Kunming
6200:Luoyang
6155:Qingdao
6127:Tianjin
6104:Beijing
6096:Beijing
5977:國語拼音對照表
5577:Gallery
5385:Mathews
4235:i, u, y
4233:Vowels
3971:a, e, o
3969:Vowels
3927:kung-fu
3848:(as in
3601:hyphens
2765:Vowel o
2389:kōngyùn
2176:Min Nan
2119:of the
2000:ㄨㄥ weng
1988:ㄨㄢ wan
1964:ㄨㄞ wai
1897:ㄧㄥ ying
1887:ㄩㄥ yong
1877:ㄧㄢ yan
1857:ㄧㄠ yao
1837:ㄧㄞ yai
1790:Medial
1475:ㄩㄢ üan
1402:ㄨㄢ uan
1378:ㄨㄞ uai
1299:ㄩㄥ iong
1289:ㄧㄢ ian
1269:ㄧㄠ iao
1069:Medial
1013:before
706:Plosive
521:History
464:) is a
370:in the
211:Chinese
170:Created
156:Creator
96:scholar
7951:Postal
7946:MPS II
7823:Bronze
7703:Ba–Shu
7623:Google
7618:Pinyin
7554:Idioms
7367:Yeheni
7249:Wu–Hua
7244:Goulou
7223:Xinhui
7200:Dapeng
7195:Weitou
7180:Xiguan
7155:Yuehai
7124:Sixian
7063:Haikou
7053:Hainan
6984:Zhenan
6950:Haklau
6945:Swatow
6917:Penang
6902:Taiwan
6897:Chawan
6844:Longdu
6813:Ningde
6790:Gutian
6780:Fuqing
6775:Fuzhou
6737:Qiyang
6720:Wugang
6665:Yi–Liu
6592:Xiu-Yi
6580:Ji-She
6530:Quzhou
6522:Chu–Qu
6512:Jinhua
6504:Wuzhou
6489:Rui'an
6430:Ningbo
6404:Suzhou
6294:Wuming
6265:Zigong
6253:Leshan
6215:Lanyin
6210:Dungan
6205:Xuzhou
6183:Gangou
6160:Weihai
6150:Dalian
6109:Taiwan
6076:Harbin
5901:, and
5775:
5729:. IANA
5556:•chieh
5269:Pinyin
5045:chiung
4934:Pinyin
4624:Pinyin
4329:Pinyin
4055:Pinyin
3933:gōngfu
3710:umlaut
3647:-like
3645:French
3638:Pinyin
3372:and ㄈ
3237:Pīnyīn
3118:Zhùyīn
3034:t͡sʰwo
3019:ʈ͡ʂʰwo
2911:, and
2899:, and
2887:, and
2769:Final
2736:Zhùyīn
2570:MPS II
2533:t͡sʰɹ̩
2521:ʈ͡ʂʰɻ̩
2463:, and
2447:, and
2375::
2367::
2305:) and
2271:) and
2248:, and
2216:Korean
2190:, and
2168:voiced
2158:, and
2057:ㄩㄣ yun
2037:ㄩㄝ yue
1978:ㄨㄣ wen
1954:ㄨㄟ wei
1944:ㄨㄚ wa
1867:ㄧㄣ yin
1847:ㄧㄡ you
1825:ㄧㄚ ya
1691:) and
1650:, see
1583:after
1532:after
1493:after
1363:ui/uei
1309:ㄧㄥ ing
1245:ㄧㄚ ia
1198:ㄤ ang
1178:ㄨㄥ ong
1025:Finals
954:Liquid
645:Dental
640:Labial
509:, the
386:
283:
279:
275:
271:
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
8015:Nüshu
7719:forms
7633:Sogou
7580:Input
7454:Hakka
7392:forms
7232:Other
7190:Shiqi
7129:Hailu
7097:Wuhua
7084:Hakka
7002:Other
6977:Other
6912:Pedan
6827:Other
6818:Fu'an
6795:Matsu
6727:Ji–Xu
6685:Xiang
6635:]
6623:]
6611:]
6604:Qi-De
6599:]
6587:]
6445:Shadi
6391:Taihu
6345:Gyami
6328:Other
6284:Wuhan
6193:Xi'an
6132:Jinan
5566:Table
5553:hsiao
5535:hsüeh
5527:chüeh
5252:ma˨˩˦
5230:Tones
5051:hsüan
5042:chien
5008:syuan
5002:jyong
4941:jiong
4847:tɕʰin
4842:tɕjʊŋ
4837:tɕjɛn
4391:wong
3964:Chart
3895:]
3891:[
3840:]
3836:[
3829:]
3825:[
3818:]
3814:[
3810:]
3806:[
3794:]
3790:[
3778:]
3774:[
3683:]
3679:[
3657:]
3653:[
3407:Tone
3389:Tones
3384:Tones
3029:t͡swo
3014:ʈ͡ʂwo
2603:chʻih
2530:t͡sɹ̩
2518:ʈ͡ʂɻ̩
2479:, as
2351:Like
2333:, or
1934:ㄨㄛ wo
1815:ㄧㄝ ye
1760:Coda
1737:hsüeh
1729:chüeh
1652:below
1465:ㄩㄣ ün
1445:ㄩㄝ üe
1392:ㄨㄣ un
1368:ㄨㄟ ui
1358:ㄨㄚ ua
1279:ㄧㄣ in
1259:ㄧㄡ iu
1235:ㄧㄝ ie
1208:ㄦ er
1188:ㄥ eng
1168:ㄢ an
1148:ㄠ ao
1128:ㄞ ai
1034:Coda
1019:below
1017:(see
926:ㄕ sh
873:ㄔ ch
829:ㄓ zh
671:Nasal
664:Velar
547:语言自迩集
543:語言自邇集
460:JYLZE
374:(IPA)
103:JSTOR
89:books
7976:Yale
7966:EFEO
7828:Seal
7613:Dayi
7210:Siyi
6892:Amoy
6409:Wuxi
6306:Huai
6119:Jilu
5926:" –
5905:shao
5898:shao
5805:2007
5773:ISBN
5735:2024
5539:yüeh
5519:hsio
5511:chio
5498:and
5342:˙ㄇㄚ
5257:ma˥˩
5247:ma˧˥
5242:ma˥˥
5096:ssŭ
5069:shih
5057:chih
5032:sih
5020:shih
5017:chih
5014:jhih
4947:xuan
4938:jian
4917:tsʰɨ
4912:tsʰɤ
4902:tswo
4872:ʈʂʰɨ
4867:ʈʂʰɤ
4852:ɕɥɛn
4702:fêng
4686:lyu
4680:duei
4677:diou
4674:fong
4637:feng
4587:twən
4582:twei
4577:tjou
4465:ㄨㄛ/ㄛ
4431:yün
4428:yüan
4425:yüeh
4419:wêng
4413:yung
4401:i/yi
4378:yun
4375:yuan
4366:weng
4357:wo/o
4351:yong
4348:ying
4130:êrh
3951:and
3943:and
3760:and
3744:lüan
3740:and
3583:See
3393:qiàn
3368:, ㄇ
3364:, ㄆ
3103:tsʻo
3094:chʻo
2984:tʰwo
2964:pʰwo
2935:and
2877:shuo
2873:shuo
2844:and
2796:and
2727:tshy
2715:chhy
2646:sih
2634:shih
2631:chih
2628:jhih
2618:ssŭ
2615:tzʻŭ
2606:shih
2600:chih
2542:Yale
2536:sɹ̩
2499:and
2422:and
2410:and
2355:and
2353:Yale
2294:The
2224:Thai
2222:for
2218:and
2214:for
2062:yüan
2032:yüeh
2027:ㄩ yu
2005:wang
1995:wêng
1924:ㄨ wu
1902:yang
1892:ying
1882:yung
1805:ㄧ yi
1800:i/yi
1745:nüeh
1743:and
1741:lüeh
1725:yüeh
1717:-üeh
1711:and
1705:hsüo
1697:chüo
1695:(in
1687:and
1681:hsio
1673:chio
1667:(in
1646:and
1642:For
1617:shuo
1595:and
1540:and
1519:shui
1511:kuei
1497:and
1491:-uei
1411:uang
1343:o/uo
1314:iang
1294:iung
1158:ㄣ en
1138:ㄡ ou
1118:ㄟ ei
1108:ㄚ a
1077:ih/ŭ
1009:and
997:and
948:ㄏ h
937:ㄒ x
915:ㄙ s
904:ㄈ f
862:ㄘ c
818:ㄗ z
793:ㄎ k
767:ㄆ p
749:ㄍ g
723:ㄅ b
622:and
561:(in
513:and
468:for
457:WAYD
334:MPS2
162:and
75:news
7708:Gan
7608:CKC
7475:Old
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