548:, now called Madāʼin Ṣāliḥ, the Cities of Ṣāliḥ—in northwestern Arabia. When Salih began to preach monotheism, the Thamud demanded that he prove his prophethood by bringing forth a pregnant camel from solid rock. When God permitted the prophet to do this, some of the tribesmen followed Salih, while many powerful leaders continued to oppose him. After giving birth, the camel drank all the water from a well every two days and then produced enormous amounts of milk for the people. But it was hamstrung and eventually killed by nine people of Thamud, who then attempted but failed to kill Salih himself. Having failed to save his people, Salih warned that they would be destroyed after three days. On the first day, their skin would turn yellow; on the second day, red; and on the final day of destruction, black. This came to pass, and Thamud was annihilated. The traditional Muslim view is that the destruction of Thamud occurred before the prophethood of
525:
used to have such great hope in you. Will you forbid us to worship what our fathers worshiped? We are in grave doubt about what you are asking us to do." He said, "My people, just think: if I did have clear proof from my Lord, and if He had given me mercy of His own, who could protect me from God if I disobeyed Him? You would only make my loss greater. My people, this camel belongs to God, a sign for you, so leave it to pasture on God's earth and do not harm it, or you will soon be punished." But they hamstrung it, so he said, "Enjoy life for another three days: this warning will not prove false." And so, when Our command was fulfilled, by Our mercy We saved Ṣāliḥ and his fellow believers from the disgrace of that day. , it is your Lord who is the Strong, the Mighty One. The blast struck the evildoers and they lay dead in their homes, as though they had never lived and flourished there. Yes, the Thamūd denied their Lord—so away with the Thamūd!
530:
587:, a Meccan contemporary of Muhammad who refused to accept Islam, contains a reference to the camel and Thamud. In Umayya's account, there is no Salih. Instead, the camel is killed by a certain "accursed Aḥmar", and the camel's foal stands upon a rock and curses Thamud, leading to the tribe's annihilation except for a single lame woman who is spared to spread the message of the destruction. Whether the poem is genuinely by Umayya or is a post-Islamic creation is a matter of debate.
349:. Historian Israel Eph'al questions the plausibility of Sargon's account, as the briefness of Sargon's account seems to be at odds with the fact that such a campaign deep into Arabia would have been one of the longest wars in Assyrian history, and because no mention of plunder is provided. Eph'al instead speculates that the Thamūd and other Arab tribes may have made arrangements with Sargon to trade in Samaria, which Assyrian historians embellished as submission.
186:
1239:
389:, a 1st-century BCE Greek historian, mentions Thamūd in his description of the "Arabian Gulf" (the Red Sea): "This coast, then, is inhabited by Arabs who are called Thamudeni; but the coast next to it is bounded by a very large gulf, off which lie scattered islands which are in appearance very much like the islands called the
609:
is an aggregate name for some 15,000 inscriptions from all over Arabia, which have not been properly studied and identified as separate languages. The name is a misnomer from the nineteenth century, when such texts were discovered in areas associated with the Thamud in the
Islamic tradition. There is
469:
But despite the presence of a tribe called the Thamud as late as the fourth century, sixth-century Arab poets whose works are preserved in post-Islamic sources were already referring to the Thamud as an ancient and long-lost tribe whose very name recalled the transience of all things. It is possible
524:
To the Thamūd, We sent their brother, Ṣāliḥ. He said, "My people, worship God. You have no god other than Him. It was He who brought you into being from the earth and made you inhabit it, so ask forgiveness from Him, and turn back to Him: my Lord is near, and ready to answer." They said, "Ṣāliḥ, We
508:
or otherwise wounded it. God then destroyed the tribe, except for Salih and a few other righteous men. The means of God's destruction of Thamud include a thunderbolt, a storm, a shout, and an earthquake. The shout, which is an extremely loud sound, might have caused the earthquake, according to
571:
called Hegra "the land of Thamud" and did not allow his troops to drink from its wells or to use its water, and to never enter its ruins "unless weeping, lest occur to you what happened to them." The stone constructions of Hegra are actually mostly from the
461:, who are the conquerors of the Armenians. This is the temple that was built by the tribal unit of Thamūd, the leaders of their unit, so that it might be established by their hands and be their place of veneration forever... with the support of
404:, who lived in the second century, wrote that the "Thamuditai" tribe inhabited the Red Sea coastline, and that the "Thamoudenoi" tribe lived in inland northwestern Arabia—either or both may be references to the Thamūd—while his contemporary
449:, apparently the patron deity of the tribe, with the Roman government's support. Robathū is likely the ancient name of modern al-Ruwāfa. The Thamūd in question were Roman auxiliary troops, as the inscription states explicitly:
341:, the "Ibadidi", and the "Marsimani" as part of "the distant desert-dwelling Arabs who knew neither overseers nor officials and had not brought their tribute to any king". Sargon defeated these tribes, according to his
2558:
485:
as part of a moralistic lesson about God's destruction of sinful communities, a central motif in the Quran. According to the Quran, the Thamud were the successors of a previous community called the
429:
inscriptions carved some time between the first century BCE and the fourth century CE refer to "the year of the war between Gšm and the tribe of Thamūd ". An important exception is a temple at
139:. The Kingdom of Thamud was the first existing kingdom on the Arabian peninsula, according to Assyrian and Roman sources. Arabian tradition holds that the Thamud kingdom was destroyed by
5573:
516:
also mentions nine evil people of Thamud who are immediately responsible for God's punishment of their people in a narrative reminiscent of Jewish descriptions of the demise of
1271:
405:
1294:
4917:
1264:
2721:
430:
504:
as his sign, and Salih told his countrymen that they should not harm the camel and allow it to drink from their well. But the Thamud cut its
470:
that the Thamud were not one tribe, and that other tribes took on the name of Thamūd after the original tribe by that name had gone extinct.
375:, from the second century BCE, reports that the Thamud Arabs then inhabited a "stony and large shore" of the Arabian coastline, south of the
1257:
2458:
356:, a sixth-century BC king of Babylon, includes an order that a "Te-mu-da-a Ar-ba-a-a", apparently "Thamudi Arab", be given several
1172:
1151:
2045:
311:
that God had sent down for them, despite the prophet's warnings, they were annihilated, except for Salih and his followers.
4910:
3055:
563:
400:, a Roman historian of the first century CE, appears to locate the Thamūd at the unidentified inland town of "Baclanaza".
155:, by the Thamud themselves. It is possible that multiple unrelated groups took on the name of Thamud; they probably spoke
3873:
1068:
489:, who had also been destroyed for their sins. They lived in houses carved into the surface of the earth. God chose the
500:. The tribe refused to heed him, saying that Salih was merely a mortal, and demanded a sign from God. God sent down a
3270:
2969:
1191:
1130:
1047:
2049:
1807:
1201:
Sinai, Nicolai (2011), "Religious poetry from the
Quranic milieu: Umayya b. Abī l-Ṣalt on the fate of the Thamūd",
433:
in northwestern Saudi Arabia, built by the Thamūd themselves in the 160s CE. The temple inscriptions, known as the
2337:
143:. It had no written law, but the tribal leader played the role of ruler. The Thamud are mentioned in contemporary
4903:
1078:
Graf, David F.; Zwettler, Michael J. (2004), "The North
Arabian 'Thamudic E' Inscription from Uraynibah West",
735:
216:
91:
3732:
3276:
422:
mentions two units of Thamūd warriors serving the
Byzantine Empire, one in Egypt and the other in Palestine.
3584:
2464:
2087:
961:
544:
adds detail to the Quran's account. Accordingly, the Thamud were a powerful and idolatrous tribe living in
478:
Arab
Islamic sources state that the Thamud were an early Arab tribe that had gone extinct in ancient days.
5568:
5491:
4439:
2690:
2681:
1375:
2906:
462:
2924:
1140:
Macdonald, Michael C. A. (2015), "Arabs and
Empires before the Sixth Century", in Fisher, Greg (ed.),
5563:
2861:
1689:
598:
in the period of
Muhammad, was descended from a survivor of the Thamud (sometimes a slave of Salih).
4888:
Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
4462:
2711:
5558:
4759:
3861:
3549:
3449:
545:
534:
196:
66:
5096:
2548:
2291:
1951:
1243:
3624:
3407:
2486:
1925:
1161:
Munt, Harry (2015), "Arabic and
Persian Sources for Pre-Islamic Arabia", in Fisher, Greg (ed.),
4455:
3705:
2960:
2901:
2791:
2271:
1662:
584:
425:
The Thamūd are infrequently mentioned in contemporary indigenous
Arabian sources, although two
113:
3960:
3829:
3726:
2521:
2388:
2177:
2081:
1936:
1849:
1561:
1326:
619:
381:
151:, and Arabian sources, including in inscriptions in a temple erected in the 160s for the god
5539:
5527:
3982:
3577:
3461:
3443:
2592:
2418:
357:
2511:
360:. This individual was probably a merchant or official in service of the Babylonian court.
8:
4011:
3955:
3750:
3418:
3060:
2283:
1978:
1648:
1430:
1407:
434:
364:
321:
148:
2916:
2842:
1039:
The
Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 9th—5th Centuries B.C.
288:
people who were destroyed by God for their sins. According to the Quran and the Islamic
185:
4368:
4337:
3810:
3456:
3208:
3030:
2352:
1480:
1218:
1103:
1095:
517:
501:
418:
124:
53:
445:) state that it was constructed by a priest named Šʿdt of the "Thamūd of Robathū" for
4824:
4016:
4001:
3937:
3396:
3122:
2707:
2606:
2384:
2364:
2357:
1423:
1187:
1168:
1147:
1126:
1107:
1064:
1043:
490:
442:
297:
128:
761:
5079:
5039:
4927:
4796:
4396:
4389:
4309:
4068:
3996:
3943:
3851:
3671:
3258:
2997:
2940:
2798:
2726:
2587:
2132:
1982:
1957:
1915:
1589:
1448:
1210:
1087:
386:
308:
5461:
5147:
4586:
4347:
4303:
3433:
3117:
2819:
2731:
2212:
2035:
1883:
1566:
1530:
1249:
1162:
1141:
1116:
1058:
1037:
454:
397:
104:
2332:
5466:
5125:
4975:
4449:
4417:
4377:
4244:
4235:
4006:
3991:
3930:
3647:
3567:
3508:
3177:
3025:
2803:
2542:
2515:
2491:
2326:
2310:
2163:
2122:
2094:
2061:
1988:
1905:
1893:
1871:
1855:
1696:
163:
scripts, an aggregate term for understudied writing systems of Ancient Arabia.
3821:
1214:
5552:
5216:
5201:
5178:
5115:
5084:
5054:
4990:
4444:
4156:
4079:
4056:
3501:
2911:
2867:
2808:
2774:
2698:
2597:
2531:
2173:
2142:
1877:
1825:
438:
376:
368:
334:
22:
3229:
2835:
2003:
529:
21:
This article is about the ancient Arabian tribe. For the town in Yemen, see
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5283:
5273:
5233:
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5022:
5000:
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4540:
4297:
3883:
3816:
3482:
3439:
3131:
3112:
3107:
2896:
2852:
2347:
1932:
1845:
1599:
1514:
1497:
1389:
1316:
458:
285:
272:
140:
3035:
2553:
1899:
576:
period, especially the first century CE. The ninth-century Muslim scholar
5392:
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5186:
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5106:
5101:
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4730:
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4278:
4220:
4209:
3843:
3803:
3744:
3610:
3599:
3595:
3137:
3050:
3045:
1633:
591:
144:
2426:
2228:
1655:
1222:
1184:
The Arabs in Antiquity: Their history from the Assyrians to the Umayyads
577:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5397:
5378:
5366:
5356:
5317:
5278:
5258:
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5154:
4980:
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4139:
4043:
4034:
3618:
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3218:
3102:
2783:
2536:
1609:
1099:
206:
156:
81:
4555:
2315:
2276:
1616:
1439:
953:
5508:
5498:
5449:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5351:
5253:
5164:
5159:
5064:
5012:
4970:
4818:
4808:
4496:
3948:
3759:
3685:
3531:
3319:
3188:
2889:
2873:
2218:
1865:
1553:
1502:
1366:
1122:
1057:
Firestone, Reuven (2006), "Thamūd", in McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.),
610:
no special connection between these scripts and the tribe of Thamud.
573:
505:
409:
390:
353:
330:
304:
4936:
These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.
4513:
1091:
5454:
5444:
5329:
5302:
5268:
5238:
5211:
5137:
4995:
4960:
4945:
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3834:
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3127:
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1509:
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568:
486:
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226:
160:
77:
5513:
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5290:
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5196:
5120:
4786:
4581:
4085:
3898:
3855:
3784:
3779:
3716:
3651:
3637:
3539:
3194:
3183:
2982:
2945:
2675:
2619:
2525:
2136:
2108:
1961:
1919:
1835:
1772:
1723:
1644:
549:
513:
413:
401:
346:
337:. As the "Ta-mu-di", the peoples are mentioned together with the
326:
136:
132:
1118:
Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam
5402:
5248:
5221:
5091:
5069:
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5029:
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4704:
4576:
4491:
4410:
4352:
4168:
4162:
3868:
3694:
3679:
3476:
3428:
3365:
3333:
3246:
3156:
3091:
2735:
2716:
2611:
2577:
2222:
2191:
2168:
2039:
1947:
1839:
1711:
1547:
1490:
1470:
1412:
1399:
1384:
1238:
557:
541:
497:
289:
131:
between the late-eighth century BCE, when they are attested in
3576:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and
5228:
5017:
5007:
4965:
4750:
4405:
4382:
4360:
4150:
4144:
4114:
3796:
3698:
3521:
3494:
3470:
3380:
3251:
3163:
2935:
2884:
2847:
2753:
2471:
2454:
2183:
2126:
2098:
2021:
2007:
1992:
1968:
1942:
1909:
1887:
1859:
1783:
1753:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1577:
1535:
1330:
1281:
510:
496:
to warn the polytheistic Thamud that they should worship the
493:
482:
338:
300:
293:
281:
135:
sources, and the fifth century CE, when they served as Roman
46:
905:
680:
5503:
5439:
5297:
4550:
4474:
4105:
3888:
3561:
3350:
3240:
3224:
2769:
2481:
2187:
2146:
2017:
1972:
1829:
1678:
1582:
936:
934:
932:
736:"LacusCurtius • Diodorus Siculus — Book III Chapters 35–48"
446:
152:
1012:
821:
770:
4985:
4740:
4134:
3916:
1320:
393:". The coast being referred to lies just prior to Yemen.
5574:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
988:
929:
893:
881:
845:
787:
785:
692:
668:
833:
809:
797:
704:
656:
453:
For the well-being of the rulers of the whole world...
3411:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
1203:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1000:
869:
857:
716:
644:
1080:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
782:
4109:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
976:
632:
118:
917:
123:) were an ancient tribe or tribal confederation in
1279:
412:. The Thamūd also joined the Byzantine armies as
5550:
3719:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
2307:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
759:
284:mentions the Thamud as an example of an ancient
159:. The Thamud are not specially connected to the
481:Thamud is mentioned twenty-three times in the
4911:
1265:
1167:, Oxford University Press, pp. 434–500,
580:believed that the Thamud were the Nabateans.
567:collection narrates that the Islamic prophet
1379:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
1077:
1018:
954:"Al-Hijr Archaeological Site (Madâin Sâlih)"
1146:, Oxford University Press, pp. 11–90,
509:certain scholars. The account presented in
4925:
4918:
4904:
3737:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
3051:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
2853:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
2231:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)
1272:
1258:
1035:
698:
686:
674:
662:
184:
16:Tribal confederation in pre-Islamic Arabia
1598:
1139:
1056:
940:
911:
899:
887:
839:
827:
815:
803:
776:
766:. Internet Archive. London & Toronto.
722:
650:
1060:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān, Volume Five
528:
408:believed that the Thamūd neighbored the
1114:
1006:
863:
851:
791:
638:
5551:
2561:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)
2447:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
2251:
314:
296:tribe who rejected the message of the
4899:
4329:
3917:Events, incidents, occasions or times
3915:
3304:
2640:
2296:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
2250:
2024:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
1805:
1305:
1292:
1253:
1200:
1181:
994:
982:
875:
710:
4248:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
2727:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
1160:
923:
590:Some Islamic sources claim that the
345:, and had them forcibly deported to
367:sources. Surviving quotations from
108:
13:
601:
473:
14:
5585:
4273:('Before the rising of the Sun')
1231:
4440:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
2876:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
1237:
760:E. H. Warmington, M. A. (1934).
4082:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
3487:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')
2843:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
1517:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')
946:
753:
396:In a somewhat muddled passage,
333:(r. 722—705 BCE), inscribed at
319:The word Thamud appears in the
127:that occupied the northwestern
3386:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)
3279:at the time of Abraham and Lot
2743:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
2410:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
1902:(Joachim the father of Maryam)
1306:
1293:
1164:Arabs and Empires before Islam
1143:Arabs and Empires before Islam
728:
1:
3305:
625:
533:Ruins of carved buildings at
179:8th century BC–5th century AD
4178:(The Afternoon or the Night)
4076:12 months: Four holy months
3628:('Place-of-Landing Blessed')
3221:(s) or People of the Injil)
2559:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel
2088:names and titles of Muhammad
1806:
1333:found in the Quran, such as
962:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
363:Thamūd is also mentioned in
7:
3947:(Flood of the Great Dam of
2268:Adam's immediate relatives
1115:Hoyland, Robert G. (2001),
1063:, Brill, pp. 252–254,
613:
561:tradition preserved in the
292:, the Thamud were an early
119:
10:
5590:
4154:('Remembrance', including
3800:(literally 'The Barrier')
2828:('Companions of the Wood')
2717:Companions of the Elephant
2666:People of the Burnt Garden
2641:
2030:('Companion of the Whale')
1626:('The Trustworthy Spirit')
1028:
594:tribe, an Arab tribe from
455:Marcus Aurelius Anthoninus
20:
5536:
4941:
4934:
4883:
4842:
4770:
4693:
4654:
4603:
4569:
4533:
4506:
4428:
4421:('Mother of the Book(s)')
4336:
4330:
4325:
4291:
4125:
4096:
4065:
4047:(The Sabbath or Saturday)
4025:
3973:
3969:
3922:
3911:
3772:
3661:
3608:
3548:
3393:
3341:, literally 'The Garden')
3311:
3300:
3230:Qissis (Christian priest)
3146:
3082:
3009:
2933:
2764:
2651:
2647:
2636:
2568:
2504:
2435:
2374:
2261:
2257:
2246:
2205:
2156:
2059:
1818:
1814:
1801:
1764:
1721:
1676:
1528:
1459:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1312:
1301:
1288:
1280:People and things in the
1215:10.1017/S0041977X11000309
437:(composed bilingually in
268:
264:
254:
244:
240:
232:
222:
212:
202:
192:
183:
178:
168:
87:
73:
62:
52:
42:
37:
30:
3277:Mesopotamian polytheists
3225:Ruhban (Christian monks)
3099:(People of the Verandah)
2976:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
2779:(literally 'The Romans')
2699:Companions of Noah's Ark
2616:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
2545:(Korah, cousin of Moses)
2465:Magicians of the Pharaoh
2367:(Muhammad's adopted son)
1659:(Angel of Death, Azrael)
1443:(fish or whale) of Jonah
1019:Graf & Zwettler 2004
352:A surviving letter from
4760:Forbidden fruit of Adam
4230:('Decline of the Sun')
4118:(The Lesser Pilgrimage)
3848:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
3273:at the time of Muhammad
3247:Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
2704:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm
2600:the companion of Joshua
1434:(female ant) of Solomon
1036:Eph'al, Israel (1982),
4372:(Scroll(s) of Abraham)
4364:(The Book of Muhammad)
3874:Cave of Seven Sleepers
3697:, literally 'Place of
3585:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah
2961:Companions of the Rass
2862:Companions of Muhammad
2708:Companions of the Cave
1643:Angel of the Trumpet (
585:Umayya ibn Abi as-Salt
537:
527:
467:
256:• Disestablished
4613:(literally 'lamps'):
4526:statue) of Israelites
4459:(Casket of Shekhinah)
3961:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
3808:(Black Stone) &
3588:('The Blessed Place')
3056:Daughters of Muhammad
3046:Household of Muhammad
3022:Household of Abraham
2870:(literally 'Helpers')
2325:Disciples (including
1985:the son of Zechariah)
1574:(Honourable Scribes)
1562:Bearers of the Throne
740:penelope.uchicago.edu
620:Atlantis of the Sands
583:A poem attributed to
532:
522:
459:Lucius Aurelius Verus
451:
382:Bibliotheca historica
203:Common languages
4393:(Scroll(s) of Moses)
4271:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams
3988:('the Confederates')
3976:military expeditions
3751:The Prophet's Mosque
3709:('The Sacred Grove')
3505:(Station of Abraham)
3320:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah
2996:('Companions of the
2795:(Sodom and Gomorrah)
2787:(Children of Israel)
2482:Moses' sister-in-law
2461:, who adopted Moses)
2404:, Qatafir or Qittin)
2383:Brothers (including
2129:He who spoke to God)
1452:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ
1424:sleepers of the cave
1392:) of the Abyssinians
1246:at Wikimedia Commons
542:exegetical tradition
373:On the Erythrean Sea
303:. When they cut the
290:exegetical tradition
5492:Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat
4012:Expedition of Tabuk
3956:Farewell Pilgrimage
3706:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
3625:Munzalanm-Mubārakan
3444:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
3419:Iram of the Pillars
2722:People of al-Ukhdūd
2674:(Companions of the
2133:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh
1400:Domesticated donkey
1370:(cow) of Israelites
1182:Retsö, Jan (2003),
997:, pp. 407–410.
914:, pp. 253–254.
713:, pp. 297–299.
689:, pp. 105–107.
435:Ruwafa inscriptions
315:Pre-Islamic sources
246:• Established
5569:Arab ethnic groups
5097:Bakr ibn Abd Manat
4467:Trumpet of Israfil
4213:('The Late-Night')
4080:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām
3826:(Cave of the Bull)
3811:Al-Hijr of Isma'il
3723:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām
3415:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād
3400:(excluding Madyan)
3323:('The Holy Land')
3271:Meccan polytheists
3209:People of the Book
3067:Household of Salih
3042:Household of Moses
2990:(people of Ṣāliḥ)
2691:Disciples of Jesus
2663:People of Paradise
2455:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim
2344:People of Solomon
2304:People of Abraham
2284:Believer of Ya-Sin
2252:People of Prophets
1950:(Jethro, Reuel or
1757:('Rebellious one')
1481:Beast of the Earth
538:
463:Antistius Adventus
419:Notitia Dignitatum
217:Arabian polytheism
125:pre-Islamic Arabia
92:Arabian polytheism
38:Ancient Arab tribe
5546:
5545:
4893:
4892:
4879:
4878:
4852:(Water or fluid)
4838:
4837:
4825:Sidrat al-Muntahā
4669:(Garlic or wheat)
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4263:('The Afternoon')
4254:('The Afternoon')
4184:('The Mornings')
4017:Conquest of Mecca
4002:Battle of Khaybar
3938:Event of Mubahala
3934:(Night of Decree)
3907:
3906:
3862:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn
3805:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad
3768:
3767:
3760:Salat (Synagogue)
3713:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā
3564:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan
3397:Arabian Peninsula
3372:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3026:Brothers of Yūsuf
2897:Children of Ayyub
2890:Wife of Abu Lahab
2848:People of Fir'aun
2839:(People of Jonah)
2813:People of Shuaib
2799:People of Ibrahim
2732:People of Yathrib
2632:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2607:Nebuchadnezzar II
2500:
2499:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2201:
2200:
2070:and Strong Will')
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1672:
1671:
1612:(Gabriel, chief)
1524:
1523:
1242:Media related to
1174:978-0-19-965452-9
1153:978-0-19-965452-9
878:, pp. 34–37.
854:, pp. 68–69.
830:, pp. 54–56.
779:, pp. 46–47.
443:Nabataean Aramaic
358:talents of silver
278:
277:
170:Kingdom of Thamud
129:Arabian Peninsula
117:
97:
96:
5581:
5564:History of Hejaz
4920:
4913:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4779:Plants of Sheba
4691:
4690:
4534:Of Noah's people
4504:
4503:
4472:
4471:
4463:Throne of Bilqis
4456:Tābūt as-Sakīnah
4397:Tablets of Stone
4327:
4326:
4310:First Pilgrimage
4126:Times for prayer
4069:Islamic calendar
3997:Battle of Hunayn
3971:
3970:
3913:
3912:
3852:Bayt al-Muqaddas
3391:
3390:
3302:
3301:
3061:Muhammad's wives
3036:Progeny of Imran
2918:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj
2820:People of Madyan
2762:
2761:
2751:
2750:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2637:
2372:
2371:
2338:Zechariah's wife
2322:People of Jesus
2311:Ishmael's mother
2259:
2258:
2248:
2247:
2057:
2056:
1998:Isrāʾīl (Israel)
1983:John the Baptist
1816:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1596:
1595:
1590:Munkar and Nakir
1355:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1289:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1241:
1226:
1197:
1178:
1157:
1136:
1111:
1074:
1053:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
950:
944:
938:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
780:
774:
768:
767:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
564:Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī
465:, the governor.
188:
166:
165:
122:
112:
110:
69:, northern Hejaz
28:
27:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5559:Ancient peoples
5549:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5532:
4937:
4930:
4924:
4894:
4889:
4875:
4834:
4772:
4766:
4689:
4650:
4605:
4591:
4565:
4529:
4502:
4476:
4475:Mentioned idols
4470:
4432:
4430:
4424:
4369:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm
4332:
4313:
4304:Laylat al-Mabit
4287:
4239:('The Evening')
4228:Dulūk ash-Shams
4196:('The Morning')
4190:('The Morning')
4127:
4121:
4092:
4067:
4061:
4050:Days of battles
4021:
3975:
3965:
3926:Incident of Ifk
3918:
3903:
3894:Palestine River
3764:
3733:Masjid al-Dirar
3663:
3657:
3604:
3552:
3544:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3326:'Blessed' Land'
3307:
3284:
3148:
3142:
3123:Umayyad Dynasty
3084:
3070:
3031:Lot's daughters
3015:
3014:('People of the
3013:
3005:
2957:(people of Hud)
2943:
2929:
2921:(Gog and Magog)
2804:People of Ilyas
2757:
2755:
2749:
2682:Jesus' apostles
2659:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
2643:
2624:
2570:
2564:
2528:of Moses' time)
2496:
2472:Wise, pious man
2459:Wife of Pharaoh
2451:Imraʾat Firʿawn
2438:Aaron and Moses
2437:
2431:
2387:(Benjamin) and
2376:
2370:
2288:Family of Noah
2253:
2234:
2197:
2152:
2123:Mūsā Kalīmullāh
2069:
2067:
2065:
2055:
1981:ibn Zakariyyā (
1810:
1789:
1760:
1717:
1668:
1630:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus
1620:('The Spirit')
1594:
1572:Kirāman Kātibīn
1567:Harut and Marut
1544:Angels of Hell
1520:
1455:
1342:
1308:
1297:
1284:
1278:
1234:
1229:
1194:
1175:
1154:
1133:
1092:10.2307/4150069
1071:
1050:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
981:
977:
967:
965:
952:
951:
947:
939:
930:
922:
918:
910:
906:
898:
894:
886:
882:
874:
870:
862:
858:
850:
846:
838:
834:
826:
822:
814:
810:
802:
798:
790:
783:
775:
771:
763:Greek Geography
758:
754:
744:
742:
734:
733:
729:
721:
717:
709:
705:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
657:
649:
645:
637:
633:
628:
616:
604:
602:Thamudic script
476:
474:Islamic sources
398:Pliny the Elder
317:
257:
247:
174:
171:
32:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5587:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5544:
5543:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5359:
5349:
5344:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5254:Bakr ibn Wa'il
5251:
5246:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5140:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4864:(River or sea)
4859:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4812:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4790:
4776:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4754:
4744:
4734:
4724:
4714:
4708:
4697:
4695:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4620:
4609:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4501:
4500:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4373:
4365:
4356:
4342:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4307:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4255:
4240:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4204:('The Night')
4199:
4198:
4197:
4191:
4179:
4160:('Praising'),
4131:
4129:
4128:or remembrance
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4071:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4007:Battle of Uhud
4004:
3999:
3994:
3992:Battle of Badr
3989:
3979:
3977:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3940:
3935:
3931:Laylat al-Qadr
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3823:Ghār ath-Thawr
3819:
3814:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3735:
3730:
3720:
3710:
3688:
3683:
3676:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3646:('Township of
3641:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3574:Al-Wādil-Ayman
3568:Valley of Tuwa
3556:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3509:Safa and Marwa
3506:
3498:
3488:
3479:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3446:
3437:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3403:
3401:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3374:
3369:
3359:
3357:Door of Hittah
3354:
3342:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3192:
3180:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3157:Ahl al-Dhimmah
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3125:
3120:
3118:Iranian people
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2949:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2858:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad
2850:
2845:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2826:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah
2823:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2765:
2759:
2748:
2747:
2746:Nation of Noah
2744:
2738:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2679:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2601:
2598:Caleb or Kaleb
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2411:
2405:
2392:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2353:Queen of Sheba
2350:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2316:Isaac's mother
2313:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2229:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn
2226:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2181:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2157:Debatable ones
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2139:Friend of God)
2130:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2073:
2071:
2066:('Those of the
2054:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1986:
1976:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1940:
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1627:
1624:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn
1606:
1604:
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1569:
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1286:
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1269:
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1254:
1248:
1247:
1233:
1232:External links
1230:
1228:
1227:
1209:(3): 397–416,
1198:
1192:
1179:
1173:
1158:
1152:
1137:
1131:
1112:
1086:(335): 53–89,
1075:
1070:978-9004123564
1069:
1054:
1048:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1009:, p. 254.
999:
987:
985:, p. 407.
975:
958:whc.unesco.org
945:
943:, p. 254.
941:Firestone 2006
928:
926:, p. 479.
916:
912:Firestone 2006
904:
902:, p. 253.
900:Firestone 2006
892:
890:, p. 252.
888:Firestone 2006
880:
868:
866:, p. 224.
856:
844:
840:Macdonald 2015
832:
828:Macdonald 2015
820:
816:Macdonald 2015
808:
804:Macdonald 2015
796:
781:
777:Macdonald 2015
769:
752:
727:
723:Macdonald 2015
715:
703:
701:, p. 189.
691:
679:
677:, p. 105.
667:
655:
651:Macdonald 2015
643:
630:
629:
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612:
603:
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475:
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316:
313:
276:
275:
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260:5th century AD
258:
255:
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250:8th century BC
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5342:Sa'd ibn Nasr
5340:
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5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:Banu al-Hakam
5200:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5171:
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5149:
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4803:
4798:
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4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4771:Bushes, trees
4769:
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4758:
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4755:
4752:
4748:
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4525:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:Of Israelites
4505:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:(cult images)
4473:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4451:
4450:Staff of Musa
4448:
4446:
4443:
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4435:
4427:
4420:
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4415:
4412:
4408:
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4380:
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4130:
4124:
4117:
4116:
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4099:
4095:
4087:
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4077:
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4072:
4070:
4066:Months of the
4064:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
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4045:
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4030:
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3987:
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3978:
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3950:
3946:
3945:
3944:Sayl al-ʿArim
3941:
3939:
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3928:
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3914:
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3880:
3877:
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3865:(Mesopotamia)
3864:
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3758:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3738:
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3731:
3728:
3727:Sacred Mosque
3724:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3708:
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3700:
3696:
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3581:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
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3563:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:or Tīh Desert
3551:
3547:
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3538:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:Maqām Ibrāhīm
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
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3375:
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3343:
3340:
3336:
3335:
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3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3252:Rabbani/Rabbi
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
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3210:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3186:
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3181:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
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3089:
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3081:
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3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3008:
2999:
2995:
2994:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr
2992:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
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2964:
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2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2809:People of Nuh
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2789:
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2785:
2781:
2778:
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2730:
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2709:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2672:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt
2670:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2635:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Bal'am/Balaam
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:not specified
2567:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
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2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2493:
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2379:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2359:
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2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Mary's mother
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2292:Father Lamech
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2264:
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2256:
2249:
2245:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:(Son of Mary)
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:son of Jacob)
2041:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1964:son of David)
1963:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
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1857:
1854:
1851:
1847:
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1837:
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1823:
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1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1745:(the (chief)
1744:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
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1701:
1699:
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1675:
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1635:
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1628:
1625:
1622:
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1614:
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1611:
1608:
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1597:
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1588:
1584:
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1579:
1576:
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1570:
1568:
1565:
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1560:
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1527:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1477:Dābbat al-Arḍ
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1422:(dog) of the
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1193:0-7007-1679-3
1189:
1186:, Routledge,
1185:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1132:0-415-19535-7
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1049:9789652234001
1045:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1021:, p. 56.
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
984:
979:
963:
959:
955:
949:
942:
937:
935:
933:
925:
920:
913:
908:
901:
896:
889:
884:
877:
872:
865:
860:
853:
848:
842:, p. 54.
841:
836:
829:
824:
818:, p. 49.
817:
812:
806:, p. 47.
805:
800:
794:, p. 69.
793:
788:
786:
778:
773:
765:
764:
756:
741:
737:
731:
725:, p. 46.
724:
719:
712:
707:
700:
695:
688:
683:
676:
671:
665:, p. 36.
664:
659:
653:, p. 48.
652:
647:
641:, p. 68.
640:
635:
631:
621:
618:
617:
611:
608:
599:
597:
593:
588:
586:
581:
579:
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547:
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531:
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519:
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512:
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499:
495:
492:
488:
484:
479:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
450:
448:
444:
440:
439:Ancient Greek
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
377:Gulf of Aqaba
374:
370:
369:Agatharchides
366:
361:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:Dur-Sharrukin
332:
328:
324:
323:
312:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
274:
271:
269:Today part of
267:
263:
259:
253:
249:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
208:
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177:
167:
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142:
138:
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115:
106:
102:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
36:
29:
24:
23:Thamud, Yemen
19:
5522:
5284:Banu Yashkur
4885:
4869:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4814:
4804:
4792:
4782:
4756:In Paradise
4746:
4736:
4726:
4716:
4710:
4700:
4684:
4681:(Plant stem)
4678:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4655:Plant matter
4642:
4636:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4519:
4490:
4486:
4454:
4418:Umm al-Kitāb
4416:
4403:
4390:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā
4388:
4375:
4367:
4358:
4345:
4302:
4298:Ghadir Khumm
4282:('The Dawn')
4276:
4270:
4257:
4251:
4242:
4233:
4227:
4224:('The Noon')
4218:
4207:
4201:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4133:
4112:
4103:
4053:Days of Hajj
4041:
4038:(The Friday)
4032:
3984:
3942:
3929:
3897:Paradise of
3884:Jordan River
3879:Dār an-Nadwa
3878:
3860:
3822:
3817:Cave of Hira
3809:
3804:
3794:
3741:Masjid Qubāʾ
3740:
3722:
3712:
3704:
3690:
3678:
3670:
3644:Qaryat Yūnus
3643:
3633:
3623:
3583:
3573:
3559:
3550:Sinai Region
3532:Dam of Sheba
3527:
3515:
3500:
3490:
3481:
3466:
3448:
3426:
3414:
3406:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3344:
3331:
3318:
3236:
3214:
3205:Ahl al-Kitāb
3204:
3182:
3178:Zoroastrians
3174:
3169:disbelievers
3162:
3155:
3113:Banu Qurayza
3108:Banu Qaynuqa
3097:Ahl as-Suffa
3096:
3010:
2993:
2987:
2965:
2934:
2917:
2902:Sons of Adam
2857:
2833:
2825:
2816:
2790:
2784:Banī Isrāʾīl
2782:
2775:
2740:
2703:
2686:
2671:
2658:
2603:Luqman's son
2450:
2414:
2407:
2397:
2301:Luqman's son
2272:Martyred son
2164:Dhūl-Qarnain
2114:
2104:
2068:Perseverance
2060:
2038:ibn Ya‘qūb (
2028:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt
2027:
2016:('He of the
2013:
1926:Dhabih Ullah
1782:
1777:
1771:
1752:
1740:
1722:
1710:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1677:
1656:Malakul-Mawt
1654:
1629:
1623:
1615:
1600:
1571:
1552:
1529:
1508:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1419:
1415:) of Solomon
1406:
1395:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1334:
1206:
1202:
1183:
1163:
1142:
1117:
1083:
1079:
1059:
1038:
1014:
1007:Hoyland 2001
1002:
990:
978:
966:. Retrieved
957:
948:
919:
907:
895:
883:
871:
864:Hoyland 2001
859:
852:Hoyland 2001
847:
835:
823:
811:
799:
792:Hoyland 2001
772:
762:
755:
743:. Retrieved
739:
730:
718:
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
639:Hoyland 2001
634:
605:
589:
582:
562:
556:
554:
540:The Islamic
539:
523:
480:
477:
468:
452:
424:
417:
395:
380:
372:
362:
351:
342:
320:
318:
309:female camel
286:polytheistic
279:
273:Saudi Arabia
145:Mesopotamian
100:
98:
18:
5540:Arab tribes
5244:Abd al-Qays
4928:Arab tribes
4926:Historical
4731:Pomegranate
4631:(The Earth)
4524:golden calf
4097:Pilgrimages
3830:Hudaybiyyah
3745:Quba Mosque
3699:Prostration
3650:,' that is
3611:Mesopotamia
3600:Mount Tabor
3596:Mount Sinai
3578:Mount Sinai
3528:ʿArim Sabaʾ
3266:Polytheists
3016:Household')
3011:Ahl al-Bayt
2968:(People of
2966:Qawm Tubbaʿ
2912:Wife of Lut
2907:Wife of Nuh
2758:or families
2756:ethnicities
2477:Moses' wife
1960:ibn Dāwūd (
1742:ash-Shayṭān
1634:Holy Spirit
1460:Non-related
699:Eph'al 1982
687:Eph'al 1982
675:Eph'al 1982
663:Eph'al 1982
592:Banu Thaqif
502:milch camel
414:auxiliaries
137:auxiliaries
5553:Categories
5462:al-Samayda
5279:Taym Allah
5259:Banu Dhuhl
4625:(Planets)
4619:(The Moon)
4570:Of Quraysh
4445:Noah's Ark
4338:Holy books
4182:Al-Ghuduww
4176:Al-ʿAshiyy
4140:Invocation
4132:Times for
3983:Battle of
3974:Battles or
3566:(The Holy
3432:(formerly
3379:(Mainland
3189:Hypocrites
3136:People of
3103:Banu Nadir
3083:Implicitly
2925:Son of Nuh
2883:People of
2817:Ahl Madyan
2792:Muʾtafikāt
2712:Al-Raqaim?
2687:Ḥawāriyyūn
2569:Implied or
2514:(possibly
2444:Egyptians
2436:People of
2394:Egyptians
2215:(Jeremiah)
2115:Ibn Maryam
1868:(Ezekiel?)
1707:(Asmodeus)
1601:Muqarrabun
1337:(Generous)
1307:Non-humans
1295:Characters
995:Sinai 2011
983:Sinai 2011
876:Retsö 2003
711:Retsö 2003
626:References
416:, and the
223:Government
207:Old Arabic
173:مملكة ثمود
157:Old Arabic
82:Old Arabic
58:al-Thamūdi
5126:Abd-Shams
5065:Banu Kanz
4971:Banu Asad
4819:Date palm
4809:Palm tree
4797:Lote-tree
4773:or plants
4717:Qith-thāʾ
4645:(The Sun)
4643:Ash-Shams
4604:Celestial
4497:False god
4433:or beings
4431:of people
4413:of David)
4355:of Jesus)
4188:Al-Bukrah
3951:in Sheba)
3729:of Mecca)
3686:Monastery
3664:locations
3662:Religious
3619:Al-Jūdiyy
3312:Mentioned
3306:Locations
3219:Christian
3199:Believers
3184:Munāfiqūn
3147:Religious
3085:mentioned
2998:Stoneland
2874:Muhajirun
2652:Mentioned
2554:Abū Lahab
2549:As-Sāmirī
2539:(Goliath)
2505:Evil ones
2419:Zulaykhah
2375:People of
2262:Good ones
2062:Ulul-ʿAzm
2050:Zechariah
2046:Zakariyyā
1866:Dhūl-Kifl
1819:Mentioned
1665:(Michael)
1554:Zabāniyah
1531:Malāʾikah
1503:Honey bee
1123:Routledge
1108:162185795
1042:, Brill,
968:22 August
924:Munt 2015
574:Nabataean
506:hamstring
431:al-Ruwāfa
410:Nabateans
391:Echinades
365:Classical
354:Nabonidus
331:Sargon II
305:hamstring
213:Religion
149:Classical
114:romanized
43:Ethnicity
5538:Part of
5445:Juhaynah
5323:Tha'laba
5303:Ghatafan
5085:Mustaliq
5075:Khath'am
5040:Al-Haram
4961:Banu Amr
4807:(Tender
4787:Tamarisk
4721:Cucumber
4639:(Stars)
4617:Al-Qamar
4582:Al-ʿUzzā
4429:Objects
4243:Qabl al-
4194:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ
4057:Doomsday
3985:al-Aḥzāb
3675:(Church)
3408:Al-Aḥqāf
3346:Jahannam
3339:Paradise
2946:Bedouins
2741:Qawm Lūṭ
2583:Abu Bakr
2413:Wife of
2402:Potiphar
2385:Binyāmin
2105:Al-Masīḥ
2077:Muḥammad
2014:Dhūn-Nūn
1958:Sulaymān
1896:(Elijah)
1808:Prophets
1724:Shayāṭīn
1682:(Genies)
1510:Qaswarah
1491:Wild ass
1469:(Female
1467:ʿAnkabūt
1390:elephant
1223:41287978
614:See also
607:Thamudic
578:Ibn Saʿd
569:Muhammad
427:Safaitic
387:Diodorus
327:Assyrian
227:Monarchy
161:Thamudic
133:Assyrian
88:Religion
78:Thamudic
74:Language
63:Location
5514:Al Fadl
5487:Hanzala
5435:Balqayn
5408:Muharib
5384:Qushayr
5374:Khafaja
5337:Hawazin
5308:Dhubyan
5291:Taghlib
5274:Shayban
5234:Muzayna
5197:Madhhaj
5183:Khuthir
5121:Quraysh
5116:Jadhima
5080:Khuza'a
5045:Hudhayl
5001:Khazraj
4872:(Drink)
4858:(River)
4843:Liquids
4675:(Shoot)
4663:(Onion)
4623:Kawākib
4611:Maṣābīḥ
4556:Yaghūth
4292:Implied
4252:Al-Aṣīl
4202:Al-Layl
4086:Ramaḍān
4035:Jumuʿah
3899:Shaddad
3791:Arabia
3785:Antakya
3780:Antioch
3773:Implied
3717:Al-Aqsa
3652:Nineveh
3638:Babylon
3483:Ḥaraman
3453:(Hegra)
3450:Al-Ḥijr
3440:ʿArafāt
3434:Yathrib
3429:Madīnah
3259:Sabians
3195:Muslims
3164:Kāfirūn
3132:Khazraj
2983:Quraysh
2754:Tribes,
2676:Sabbath
2620:Shaddad
2593:Barṣīṣā
2526:Pharaoh
2522:Firʿawn
2219:Ṣamūʾīl
2206:Implied
2137:Abraham
2109:Messiah
1962:Solomon
1948:Shuʿayb
1920:Ishmael
1916:Ismāʿīl
1880:(Eber?)
1874:(Aaron)
1836:Al-Yasa
1773:Ghilmān
1649:Raphael
1645:Isrāfīl
1408:hud-hud
1358:Related
1351:Animals
1100:4150069
1029:Sources
550:Abraham
514:an-Naml
498:One God
491:prophet
406:Uranius
402:Ptolemy
347:Samaria
325:of the
298:prophet
233:History
193:Capital
116::
33:ثَمُوْد
5523:Thamud
5509:Jarrah
5499:Tanukh
5467:Sa'ida
5425:Bahra'
5420:Quda'a
5403:Bahila
5393:Sulaym
5347:Thaqif
5313:Fazara
5264:Hanifa
5249:Anizah
5239:Rabi'a
5222:Zubaid
5187:Lihyan
5143:Hashim
5131:Umayya
5107:Ghifar
5102:Damrah
5092:Kinana
5070:Kahlan
5060:Jurhum
5050:Judham
5035:Hamdan
5030:Bajila
5023:Zahran
4976:Ash'ar
4870:Sharāb
4830:Zaqqūm
4747:Zaytūn
4727:Rummān
4713:(Herb)
4705:Lentil
4694:Fruits
4687:(Seed)
4629:Al-Arḍ
4606:bodies
4577:Al-Lāt
4492:Ṭāghūt
4483:'Ansāb
4411:Psalms
4378:Tawrāt
4361:Qurʾān
4353:Gospel
4245:Ghurūb
4210:ʿIshāʾ
4169:Tasbīḥ
4163:Takbīr
4157:Taḥmīd
3949:Ma'rib
3869:Canaan
3856:'Ariha
3854:&
3695:Mosque
3691:Masjid
3680:Miḥrāb
3491:Kaʿbah
3485:Āminan
3477:Bakkah
3467:Makkah
3462:Ḥunayn
3394:In the
3366:Midian
3362:Madyan
3334:Jannah
3215:Naṣārā
3149:groups
3092:Amalek
2988:Thamūd
2776:Ar-Rūm
2736:Medina
2642:Groups
2612:Nimrod
2578:Abraha
2492:Sister
2487:Mother
2427:Mother
2389:Simeon
2377:Joseph
2358:Vizier
2348:Mother
2223:Samuel
2213:Irmiyā
2192:Gideon
2174:Maryam
2169:Luqmān
2086:Other
2040:Joseph
1989:Yaʿqūb
1900:ʿImrān
1840:Elisha
1778:Wildān
1765:Others
1729:Demons
1697:ʿIfrīt
1663:Mīkāil
1632:('The
1617:Ar-Rūḥ
1610:Jibrīl
1536:Angels
1471:spider
1431:namlah
1413:hoopoe
1367:baqara
1319:('The
1244:Thamud
1221:
1190:
1171:
1150:
1129:
1106:
1098:
1067:
1046:
964:. 2008
558:hadith
343:Annals
322:Annals
236:
109:ثَمُود
105:Arabic
101:Thamud
31:Thamud
5528:Yaman
5482:Tamim
5477:Shuja
5472:Shehr
5455:Salih
5415:Qedar
5398:Ghani
5379:Kilab
5367:Uqayl
5357:Hilal
5318:Murra
5229:Maqil
5217:Nukha
5192:Lakhm
5179:Kinda
5170:Zuhra
5155:Jumah
5148:Abbas
5055:Ju'fa
5018:Ghamd
5008:Bariq
4991:Ansar
4981:Aslam
4966:Anmar
4956:Amila
4886:Note:
4815:Nakhl
4805:Līnah
4751:Olive
4701:ʿAdas
4673:Shaṭʾ
4661:Baṣal
4637:Nujūm
4587:Manāt
4561:Yaʿūq
4546:Suwāʿ
4514:Baʿal
4409:(The
4406:Zabūr
4383:Torah
4381:(The
4351:(The
4348:Injīl
4331:Other
4236:Masāʾ
4151:Dhikr
4145:Ṣalāh
4135:Duʿāʾ
4115:Umrah
3891:River
3835:Ta'if
3797:Ḥijāz
3725:(The
3672:Bayʿa
3648:Jonah
3634:Bābil
3522:Sheba
3517:Sabaʾ
3495:Kaaba
3471:Mecca
3381:Egypt
3237:Yahūd
3175:Majūs
2970:Tubba
2941:Arabs
2936:Aʿrāb
2885:Mecca
2868:Anṣār
2836:Yūnus
2834:Qawm
2543:Qārūn
2537:Jālūt
2532:Hāmān
2516:Terah
2415:ʿAzīz
2408:Malik
2398:ʿAzīz
2327:Peter
2184:Ṭālūt
2127:Moses
2107:(The
2099:Jesus
2082:Aḥmad
2036:Yūsuf
2022:Whale
2008:Jonah
2004:Yūnus
1993:Jacob
1979:Yaḥyā
1969:Uzair
1952:Hobab
1943:Ṣāliḥ
1910:Isaac
1906:Isḥāq
1894:Ilyās
1888:Enoch
1884:Idrīs
1872:Hārūn
1860:David
1856:Dāwūd
1846:Ayyūb
1754:Mārid
1747:Devil
1738:Iblīs
1712:Qarīn
1704:Sakhr
1578:Raqib
1548:Mālik
1487:Ḥimār
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