260:
129:. Thalwegs can have local proprietorial and administrative significance because their formerly somewhat shifting position, reliant on renewed soundings, now more fixed as described internationally, is part of centuries-old custom and practice in some jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions and between some states the median line (between banks) is the preferred boundary presumption as may extend from estuaries. Also being easy to map, drawing "turning points" are the solution for a few major rivers such as the
1085:
290:, a median line, right bank, eastern shore, low-tide line, etc.), the boundary follows the thalweg of that watercourse. A thalweg is the center of the principal navigable channel of the waterway (which is presumed to be the deepest part). If there are multiple navigable channels in a river, the one principally used for downstream travel (likely having the strongest current) is used. The definition has been used in specific descriptions as well. The
20:
246:
to form artificial sills helps to slow the sedimentary erosion and deposit of watercourses, while keeping the esteem (fishing, local wildlife, and recreation) and natural resources of the running water source intact. Placement of boulders along a thalweg and the creation of instream sills makes
247:
drying up rarer and less severe during late summer, and abates cases of severe sediment erosion and deposit in the spring and fall months when the flow rates are high, particularly if those rates have increased. Such partial infilling of a thalweg was prototyped in
Meacham Creek in
232:
in its downward slope, defining its deepest channel. The thalweg thus marks the natural direction (the profile) of a watercourse. The term is sometimes used to refer to a subterranean stream that percolates under the surface and in the same general direction as the surface stream.
241:
Slowing stream-bed erosion by bouldering a thalweg helps stabilize natural rivers' course and depth. Placing boulders along the thalweg helps to protect the channel's sedimentary erosion and deposit balance. In concurrence with this, doing so along an
464:
592:
294:, for example, specifies that "In the case of boundaries which are defined by a waterway" the boundary is to follow "the median line of the principal channel of navigation."
1121:
208:, in daily German to describe a path or road which follows the bottom of a valley, or in geography with the more technical meaning also adopted by English.
357:
held that the
Thalweg principle supported their position. The doctrine is also applied to sub-national boundaries, such as those between American states.
588:
547:
Umatilla River Basin
Anadromous Fish Habitat Enhancement Project 1990 Annual Report Carl A. Sheeler, Fish Habitat Biologist Slatick, January 1991
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The precise drawing of river boundaries has been important on countless occasions. Notable examples include the
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1993:
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2018:
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played a role in the ruling. In the 20th century dispute between the USSR and China (PRC) over
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maritime borders in the Gulf of Oman and
Persian Gulf are defined by the midpoint of the water
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1872:
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1988:
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between two political entities is stated to be a waterway without further description (
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landforms, the thalweg is a line drawn to join the lowest points along the length of a
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2008:
1968:
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28:
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113:, a thalweg is instead taken to be the middle of the primary
62:
465:"The Doctrine of the Thalweg as a Rule of International Law"
202:
It means "valley way" and is used, with its modern spelling
2176:
2141:
1697:
1657:
1622:
978:
525:. Washington State Department of Ecology. 18 January 2013.
263:
71:
657:
China under Threat: The
Politics of Strategy and Diplomacy
19:
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1537:
968:
74:
561:
The
Settlement of Boundary Disputes in International Law
333:
in 1999), and the 2004 dispute settlement under the UN
653:
591:. International Court of Justice. 13 December 1999.
68:
65:
59:
56:
16:
Line of lowest elevation in a watercourse or valley
707:, 291 U.S. 361, 78 L.Ed. 847, 54 S.Ct. 407 (1934).
147:is of 19th-century German origin. The German word
2359:
1129:
121:which is the default legal presumption for the
430:
1115:
740:
404:
237:Bouldering of thalweg of non-canalised rivers
563:, Manchester University Press, 1967, pp. 51
510:"C - St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes"
203:
193:
179:
165:
161:) is a compound noun that is built from the
154:
148:
1071:List of rivers that have reversed direction
589:"Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia)"
1122:
1108:
747:
733:
555:
553:
369: – Surface slope along a watercourse
337:concerning the offshore boundary between
654:Gurton, Melvin; Byong-Moo Hwang (1980).
258:
18:
1721:International scale of river difficulty
550:
2360:
462:
98:in maps is the nadir (greatest depth,
1103:
728:
529:from the original on 27 December 2015
469:American Journal of International Law
282:) is the legal principle that if the
754:
254:
418:from the original on 9 October 2017
13:
14:
2399:
713:
595:from the original on 3 March 2016
512:International Boundary Commission
82:) is the line or curve of lowest
1084:
1083:
444:from the original on 18 May 2017
52:
1878:Flooded grasslands and savannas
780:Drainage system (geomorphology)
694:
647:
629:
607:
581:
393:from the original on 2018-06-24
790:Strahler number (stream order)
662:Johns Hopkins University Press
614:Permanent Court of Arbitration
569:
541:
515:
503:
456:
379:
345:, in which the thalweg of the
331:International Court of Justice
1:
720:USGS: Stream Modeling website
373:
315:Croatia–Serbia border dispute
2044:Universal Soil Loss Equation
1994:Hydrological transport model
1888:Storm Water Management Model
211:
136:
7:
360:
10:
2404:
1548:Antecedent drainage stream
176:orthography reform of 1901
2312:
2284:River valley civilization
2246:
2185:
2167:Riparian-zone restoration
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1929:
1901:
1802:
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1395:
1312:
1234:
1145:
1079:
1028:
992:
959:
931:
813:
762:
463:Garner, James W. (1935).
125:between entities such as
2347:Countries without rivers
2322:Rivers by discharge rate
2034:Runoff model (reservoir)
1999:Infiltration (hydrology)
2019:River Continuum Concept
1784:Agricultural wastewater
903:River channel migration
321:Island dispute between
2342:River name etymologies
2269:Hydraulic civilization
2127:Floodplain restoration
1903:Point source pollution
1678:Sedimentary structures
833:Bar (river morphology)
705:New Jersey v. Delaware
267:
204:
194:
180:
166:
155:
149:
24:
23:The thalweg of a river
1954:Discharge (hydrology)
1916:Industrial wastewater
1397:Sedimentary processes
1015:Erosion and tectonics
1010:Degradation (geology)
636:Award of the Tribunal
262:
133:-Great Lakes system.
22:
2059:Volumetric flow rate
1643:Riffle-pool sequence
1036:Deposition (geology)
763:Large-scale features
576:Treaty of Versailles
387:"Webster Dictionary"
292:Treaty of Versailles
2233:Whitewater kayaking
2228:Whitewater canoeing
2029:Runoff curve number
1873:Flood pulse concept
440:. Merriam-Webster.
274:(also known as the
2259:Aquatic toxicology
2172:Stream restoration
2137:Infiltration basin
1989:Hydrological model
1505:Sediment transport
1328:Estavelle/Inversac
1206:Subterranean river
1066:Sediment transport
1020:River rejuvenation
993:Regional processes
641:2011-01-02 at the
623:2013-02-08 at the
414:. dictionary.com.
268:
25:
2378:Fluvial landforms
2355:
2354:
2332:Whitewater rivers
2238:Whitewater slalom
2069:River engineering
1969:Groundwater model
1930:River measurement
1858:Flood forecasting
1673:Sedimentary basin
1530:Fluvial landforms
1435:Bed material load
1211:River bifurcation
1097:
1096:
898:River bifurcation
559:A. Oye Cukwurah,
438:"Merriam-Webster"
272:thalweg principle
255:Thalweg principle
192:in English), and
153:(modern spelling
131:St Lawrence River
115:navigable channel
111:international law
96:vertical position
2395:
2317:Rivers by length
2152:River morphology
2054:Wetted perimeter
1959:Drainage density
1470:Headward erosion
1299:Perennial stream
1171:Blackwater river
1124:
1117:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1087:
1086:
828:Avulsion (river)
756:River morphology
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523:"Instream Flows"
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428:
427:
425:
423:
412:"dictionary.com"
408:
402:
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347:Courantyne River
329:(settled by the
276:thalweg doctrine
249:Umatilla, Oregon
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2327:Drainage basins
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2181:
2157:Retention basin
2117:Erosion control
2112:Detention basin
2063:
1979:Hjulström curve
1931:
1925:
1897:
1841:Non-water flood
1798:
1770:
1716:Helicoidal flow
1702:
1603:Fluvial terrace
1598:Floating island
1524:
1399:
1391:
1382:Rhythmic spring
1316:
1308:
1289:Stream gradient
1230:
1216:River ecosystem
1181:Channel pattern
1149:
1141:
1128:
1098:
1093:
1075:
1056:Helicoidal flow
1024:
988:
955:
927:
843:Channel pattern
815:Alluvial rivers
809:
805:River sinuosity
758:
753:
716:
711:
699:
695:
672:
664:. p. 210.
652:
648:
643:Wayback Machine
634:
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625:Wayback Machine
618:Guyana/Suriname
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481:10.2307/2190498
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367:Stream gradient
363:
319:Kasikili/Sedudu
280:rule of thalweg
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163:German elements
139:
55:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2256:
2250:
2248:
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2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2218:Stone skipping
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
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2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
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2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2102:Drop structure
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:Balancing lake
2079:
2073:
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2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
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2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Playfair's law
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1964:Exner equation
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Bradshaw model
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
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1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1836:Urban flooding
1828:
1823:
1821:Crevasse splay
1818:
1816:100-year flood
1812:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1776:Surface runoff
1772:
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1756:Stream capture
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1668:Rock-cut basin
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1510:Suspended load
1507:
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1500:Secondary flow
1497:
1492:
1490:Retrogradation
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1455:Dissolved load
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1406:
1404:
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1387:Spring horizon
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Mineral spring
1369:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:list in the US
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1279:Stream channel
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1203:
1201:Drainage basin
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1161:Alluvial river
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1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1061:Playfair's law
1058:
1053:
1048:
1046:Exner equation
1043:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
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1007:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
989:
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986:
984:Current ripple
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954:
953:
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920:
915:
913:Slip-off slope
910:
905:
900:
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890:
885:
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870:
865:
863:Meander cutoff
860:
855:
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819:
817:
811:
810:
808:
807:
802:
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787:
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775:Drainage basin
772:
770:Alluvial plain
766:
764:
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752:
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723:
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714:External links
712:
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502:
475:(2): 309–310.
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359:
351:Zhenbao Island
335:Law of the Sea
256:
253:
238:
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213:
210:
188:(cognate with
138:
135:
104:stream profile
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2388:Water streams
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2373:Geomorphology
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2300:
2299:Surface water
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2294:Sacred waters
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2290:
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2279:Riparian zone
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2264:Body of water
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2213:Riverboarding
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2208:River surfing
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2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:and modelling
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1893:Return period
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Flood control
1851:
1849:
1848:Flood barrier
1846:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
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1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Palaeochannel
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:Granular flow
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
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1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1186:Channel types
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:Braided river
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
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1136:
1132:
1125:
1120:
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1111:
1106:
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1090:
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1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
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1054:
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1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:Water erosion
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
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1008:
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1003:
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958:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
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938:
936:
934:
933:Bedrock river
930:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
893:Riparian zone
891:
889:
886:
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881:
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876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
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849:
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844:
841:
839:
838:Braided river
836:
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831:
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824:
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820:
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731:
730:
727:
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706:
702:
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689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
671:0-8018-2397-8
667:
663:
659:
658:
650:
644:
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637:
632:
626:
622:
619:
615:
610:
594:
590:
584:
578:, Article 30.
577:
572:
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443:
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417:
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352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:Iraq and Iran
300:
299:Shatt al-Arab
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
265:
261:
252:
250:
245:
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196:
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177:
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164:
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146:
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124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
79:
49:
45:
41:
40:geomorphology
38:
34:
30:
21:
2337:Flash floods
2289:River cruise
2186:River sports
2039:Stream gauge
2024:Rouse number
2014:Relief ratio
1863:Flood-meadow
1794:Urban runoff
1708:Fluvial flow
1693:River valley
1687:
1663:River island
1628:Meander scar
1543:Alluvial fan
1485:Progradation
1360:Karst spring
1304:Winterbourne
1259:Chalk stream
1221:River source
1196:Distributary
922:
795:River valley
704:
700:
696:
656:
649:
631:
609:
597:. Retrieved
583:
571:
564:
560:
543:
531:. Retrieved
517:
505:
472:
468:
458:
446:. Retrieved
432:
420:. Retrieved
406:
395:. Retrieved
381:
296:
287:
279:
275:
271:
269:
240:
218:hydrological
215:
199:
189:
185:
142:
140:
108:
47:
43:
26:
2198:Fly fishing
2122:Fish ladder
2107:Daylighting
1826:Flash flood
1789:First flush
1736:Plunge pool
1460:Downcutting
1445:Debris flow
1420:Aggradation
1294:Stream pool
1000:Aggradation
951:Plunge pool
918:Stream pool
908:River mouth
800:River delta
599:10 February
309:in central
92:watercourse
33:hydrography
2362:Categories
2304:Wild river
1984:Hydrograph
1974:Hack's law
1939:Baer's law
1883:Inundation
1868:Floodplain
1808:stormwater
1766:Whitewater
1638:Oxbow lake
1475:Knickpoint
1450:Deposition
1343:Hot spring
1284:Streamflow
1274:Stream bed
1191:Confluence
1051:Hack's law
1005:Base level
946:Knickpoint
873:Oxbow lake
853:Floodplain
533:30 October
397:2008-12-25
374:References
226:stream bed
198:, meaning
184:) meaning
2383:Hydrology
2368:Landforms
2274:Limnology
2223:Triathlon
2193:Canyoning
2162:Revetment
2092:Check dam
2004:Main stem
1761:Waterfall
1648:Point bar
1633:Mouth bar
1573:Billabong
1520:Water gap
1515:Wash load
1495:Saltation
1415:Anabranch
1338:Holy well
1226:Tributary
1029:Mechanics
878:Point bar
868:Mouth bar
823:Anabranch
688:470966163
489:0002-9300
448:8 October
422:8 October
212:Hydrology
141:The word
137:Etymology
102:) in the
86:within a
84:elevation
29:geography
2077:Aqueduct
1944:Baseflow
1911:Effluent
1588:Cut bank
1553:Avulsion
1430:Bed load
1410:Abrasion
1089:Category
974:Antidune
961:Bedforms
848:Cut bank
639:Archived
621:Archived
593:Archived
527:Archived
442:Archived
416:Archived
391:Archived
361:See also
343:Suriname
327:Botswana
301:between
284:boundary
244:instream
178:written
123:boundary
119:waterway
100:sounding
2254:Aquifer
2247:Related
2203:Rafting
1731:Meander
1726:Log jam
1688:Thalweg
1593:Estuary
1465:Erosion
1402:erosion
1314:Springs
1269:Current
1236:Streams
1176:Channel
1139:springs
1135:streams
923:Thalweg
858:Meander
785:Estuary
680:80-7990
497:2190498
323:Namibia
317:), the
278:or the
264:Iranian
222:fluvial
170:(since
150:Thalweg
144:thalweg
44:thalweg
37:fluvial
2049:WAFLEX
1921:Sewage
1804:Floods
1746:Riffle
1741:Rapids
1683:Strath
1653:Ravine
1578:Canyon
1333:Geyser
1264:Coulee
1249:Bourne
1244:Arroyo
1147:Rivers
1131:Rivers
941:Canyon
888:Rapids
883:Riffle
686:
678:
668:
495:
487:
339:Guyana
311:Europe
307:Danube
305:, the
230:valley
205:Talweg
186:valley
157:Talweg
127:states
109:Under
94:. Its
88:valley
48:talweg
35:, and
2147:Levee
2132:Flume
2087:Canal
1831:Flood
1751:Shoal
1618:Gully
1613:Gulch
1583:Chine
1568:Bayou
1425:Armor
1377:Ponor
1152:lists
493:JSTOR
355:China
172:Duden
117:of a
2177:Weir
2142:Leat
1806:and
1698:Wadi
1658:Rill
1623:Glen
1608:Gill
1558:Bank
1400:and
1365:list
1348:list
1319:list
1254:Burn
1137:and
979:Dune
701:E.g.
684:OCLC
676:LCCN
666:ISBN
601:2012
535:2014
485:ISSN
450:2017
424:2017
341:and
325:and
288:e.g.
270:The
220:and
200:way.
190:dale
167:Thal
42:, a
2097:Dam
1563:Bar
1538:Ait
969:Ait
565:ff.
477:doi
228:or
216:In
195:Weg
181:Tal
174:'s
90:or
46:or
27:In
2364::
1133:,
703:,
682:.
674:.
660:.
616:-
552:^
491:.
483:.
473:29
471:.
467:.
389:.
353:,
251:.
106:.
63:ɑː
31:,
1321:)
1317:(
1154:)
1150:(
1123:e
1116:t
1109:v
748:e
741:t
734:v
690:.
603:.
537:.
499:.
479::
452:.
426:.
400:.
313:(
78:/
75:ɡ
72:ɛ
69:v
66:l
60:t
57:ˈ
54:/
50:(
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