1458:
725:
713:
1242:
610:
136:
448:
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642:
432:
338:
966:
323:
39:
208:
181:
196:
150:
1169:
1374:
1644:
166:
669:, a variety of transitional forms between V-, U- and plain valleys can form. The floor or bottom of these valleys can be broad or narrow, but all valleys have a shoulder. The broader a mountain valley, the lower its shoulders are located in most cases. An important exception is canyons where the shoulder almost is near the top of the valley's slope. In the Alps â e.g. the
1973:
1003:
and other areas where Gaelic was once widespread. Strath signifies a wide valley between hills, the floor of which is either level or slopes gently. A glen is a river valley which is steeper and narrower than a strath. A corrie is a basin-shaped hollow in a mountain. Each of these terms also occurs
774:
Glaciated terrain is not the only site of hanging streams and valleys. Hanging valleys are also simply the product of varying rates of erosion of the main valley and the tributary valleys. The varying rates of erosion are associated with the composition of the adjacent rocks in the different valley
747:
valley that is higher than the main valley. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys, where a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. The main glacier erodes a deep U-shaped valley with nearly vertical sides, while the tributary glacier, with a smaller volume of ice,
579:
A tunnel valley is a large, long, U-shaped valley originally cut under the glacial ice near the margin of continental ice sheets such as that now covering
Antarctica and formerly covering portions of all continents during past glacial ages. Such valleys can be up to 100 km (62 mi) long,
352:
The development of a river valley is affected by the character of the bedrock over which the river or stream flows, the elevational difference between its top and bottom, and indeed the climate. Typically the flow will increase downstream and the gradient will decrease. In the upper valley, the
510:. The shape of the valley which results from all of these influences may only become visible upon the recession of the glacier that forms it. A river or stream may remain in the valley; if it is smaller than one would expect given the size of its valley, it can be considered an example of a
376:
In the middle valley, as numerous streams have coalesced, the valley is typically wider, the flow slower and both erosion and deposition may take place. More lateral erosion takes place in the middle section of a river's course, as strong currents on the outside of its curve erode the bank.
775:
locations. The tributary valleys are eroded and deepened by glaciers or erosion at a slower rate than that of the main valley floor; thus the difference in the two valleys' depth increases over time. The tributary valley, composed of more resistant rock, then hangs over the main valley.
1069:) is widespread in southern England and describes a short valley set into a hillside. Other terms for small valleys such as hope, dean, slade, slack and bottom are commonly encountered in place-names in various parts of England but are no longer in general use as synonyms for
598:
In northern
Central Europe, the Scandinavian ice sheet during the various ice ages advanced slightly uphill against the lie of the land. As a result, its meltwaters flowed parallel to the ice margin to reach the North Sea basin, forming huge, flat valleys known as
459:
There are various forms of valleys associated with glaciation. True glacial valleys are those that have been cut by a glacier which may or may not still occupy the valley at the present day. Such valleys may also be known as glacial troughs. They typically have a
310:. All three processes can contribute to the development of a valley over geological time. The flat (or relatively flat) portion of a valley between its sides is referred to as the valley floor. The valley floor is typically formed by river sediments and may have
787:. By contrast with glacial U-shaped valleys, there is less downward and sideways erosion. The severe downslope denudation results in gently sloping valley sides; their transition to the actual valley bottom is unclear. Trough-shaped valleys occur mainly in
502:(or 'rock steps') can result from differing erosion rates due to both the nature of the bedrock (hardness and jointing for example) and the power of the moving ice. In places, a rock basin may be excavated which may later be filled with water to form a
609:
676:
valley â the shoulders are quite low (100â200 meters above the bottom). Many villages are located here (esp. on the sunny side) because the climate is very mild: even in winter when the valley's floor is filled with fog, these villages are in
404:. Rapid down-cutting may result from localized uplift of the land surface or rejuvenation of the watercourse as a result for example of a reduction in the base level to which the river is eroded, e.g. lowered global sea level during an
584:. They once served as subglacial drainage pathways carrying large volumes of meltwater. Their cross-sections exhibit steep-sided flanks similar to fjord walls, and their flat bottoms are typical of subglacial glacial erosion.
483:
by rock material embedded within the moving glacial ice causes the widening and deepening of the valley to produce the characteristic U or trough shape with relatively steep, even vertical sides and a relatively flat bottom.
306:; these typically have a U-shaped profile in cross-section, in contrast to river valleys, which tend to have a V-shaped profile. Other valleys may arise principally through tectonic processes such as
1160:
developed from these river valley communities. Siting of settlements within valleys is influenced by many factors, including the need to avoid flooding and the location of river crossing points.
2334:
Santa Clara Valley is a structural valley, created by mountain building, as opposed to an erosional valley, or one which has undergone the wearing away of the earth's surface by natural agents.
298:
and are known as river valleys. Typically small valleys containing streams feed into larger valleys which in turn feed into larger valleys again, eventually reaching the ocean or perhaps an
1958:
803:
Box valleys have wide, relatively level floors and steep sides. They are common in periglacial areas and occur in mid-latitudes, but also occur in tropical and arid regions.
616:
2676:
495:
1080:
or flat valley bottom. In
Southern England, vales commonly occur between the outcrops of different relatively erosion-resistant rock formations, where less
938:
392:
Some sections of a stream or river valleys may have vertically incised their course to such an extent that the valley they occupy is best described as a
282:, rather than erosion. Many different types of valleys are described by geographers, using terms that may be global in use or else applied only locally.
1044:
580:
4 km (2.5 mi) wide, and 400 m (1,300 ft) deep (its depth may vary along its length). Tunnel valleys were formed by subglacial
1457:
729:
377:
Conversely, deposition may take place on the inside of curves where the current is much slacker, the process leading to the river assuming a
2589:
1035:
occurs widely in place names in the north of
England and, to a lesser extent, in southern Scotland. As a generic name for a type of valley,
768:
2159:
JĂžrgensen, Flemming; Peter B.E. Sandersen (June 2006). "Buried and open tunnel valleys in
Denmarkâerosion beneath multiple ice sheets".
752:, the shallower valley appears to be 'hanging' above the main valley. Often, waterfalls form at or near the outlet of the upper valley.
2669:
2583:
2907:
2249:
Rowley, Taylor; Giardino, John R.; Granados-Aguilar, Raquel; Vitek, John D. (2015-01-01), Giardino, John R.; Houser, Chris (eds.),
3275:
2228:
2270:
557:
724:
2662:
2596:
767:
is about 400 meters (1,300 ft) deep while the main fjord nearby is 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) deep. The mouth of
2302:
1109:
620:
122:
103:
771:
is only 50 meters (160 ft) deep while the main fjord is around 1,300 meters (4,300 ft) at the same point.
494:, typical of glaciated mountain landscapes. The upper end of the trough below the ice-contributing cirques may be a
3901:
1703:
1647:
553:
75:
1920:(singular: 'vallis'). Deeper valleys with steeper sides (akin to canyons) on certain of these bodies are known as
712:
3432:
471:', excavated by the rotational movement downslope of a cirque glacier. During glacial periods, for example, the
3896:
2502:
2477:
2430:
2405:
2380:
2355:
2143:
2096:
2043:
1925:
1444:
1241:
60:
3457:
1076:
The term vale is used in
England and Wales to describe a wide river valley, usually with a particularly wide
82:
1673:
464:
and are characteristic landforms of mountain areas where glaciation has occurred or continues to take place.
243:
of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by
24:
3598:
3548:
3442:
1275:
853:
845:
624:
154:
3876:
2251:
1953:
1655:
1302:
1264:
467:
The uppermost part of a glacial valley frequently consists of one or more 'armchair-shaped' hollows, or '
1936:' or Latin term 'rima' (signifying 'cleft') is used for certain other elongate depressions on the Moon.
89:
3932:
3927:
3102:
2636:
1917:
1889:
3886:
3838:
3721:
1769:
479:
proceeds, extend downhill through valleys that have previously been shaped by water rather than ice.
3942:
3937:
3871:
3588:
3553:
3395:
1948:
1259:
1144:
and food (fish and game), as well as a place to wash and a sewer. The proximity of water moderated
71:
748:
makes a shallower U-shaped valley. Since the surfaces of the glaciers were originally at the same
3881:
3573:
3338:
1943:
381:
character. In the lower valley, gradients are lowest, meanders may be much broader and a broader
56:
49:
17:
1039:
typically refers to a wide valley, though there are many much smaller stream valleys within the
3823:
3681:
3232:
3117:
1157:
717:
455:
showing a characteristic U-shape, the bottom's rocky 'rubble' accretion and the broad shoulders
420:
200:
3661:
3508:
3470:
2919:
2858:
1775:
1727:
1200:
1081:
849:
526:
452:
346:
3891:
3613:
3437:
3197:
3054:
3004:
2798:
2168:
1781:
1542:
1855:
8:
3787:
3782:
3583:
3427:
3049:
2902:
2823:
2730:
2626:
2013:
1793:
1610:
1228:
1089:
913:
2172:
2001: â Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
357:
to produce a steep-sided V-shaped valley. The presence of more resistant rock bands, of
139:
3813:
3726:
3691:
3543:
3059:
2964:
2868:
2760:
2693:
2262:
1817:
1536:
1296:
480:
409:
362:
3533:
2318:
603:. Unlike the other forms of glacial valleys, these were formed by glacial meltwaters.
490:
associated with the development of river valleys are preferentially eroded to produce
290:
Valleys may arise through several different processes. Most commonly, they arise from
3792:
3631:
3623:
3563:
3523:
3412:
3227:
2989:
2979:
2765:
2536:
2498:
2473:
2426:
2401:
2376:
2351:
2298:
2266:
2257:, Developments in Earth Surface Processes, vol. 19, Elsevier, pp. 397â447,
2139:
2092:
2069:
2039:
1829:
1799:
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1620:
1354:
1246:
1205:
1195:
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487:
370:
2180:
2112:
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96:
3922:
3706:
3608:
3513:
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3112:
3107:
3084:
3024:
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2725:
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2258:
2176:
1978:
1823:
1787:
1763:
1757:
1721:
1661:
1307:
919:
135:
16:
This article is about the physical-geographic term. For places named "Valley", see
2518:
1047:
is a word in common use in northern
England for a narrow valley with steep sides.
941:: A valley formed by geologic events such as drop faults or the rise of highlands.
517:
447:
247:. These glaciers may remain present in valleys in high mountains or polar areas.
3711:
3671:
3666:
3270:
3157:
3152:
2936:
2873:
2843:
2808:
2803:
2770:
2735:
2706:
2648:
2292:
1835:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1715:
1500:
1484:
1426:
1408:
1349:
1325:
1101:
1040:
1036:
1032:
996:
859:
830:
697:
685:
536:
475:
ice ages, it is in these locations that glaciers initially form and then, as the
461:
358:
311:
299:
641:
600:
3772:
3656:
3636:
3518:
3503:
3390:
3375:
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3330:
3310:
3222:
3064:
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2926:
2833:
2755:
2715:
2059:
1630:
1518:
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1462:
1432:
1402:
1390:
1334:
1190:
1025:
1020:
1005:
925:
818:
491:
431:
386:
366:
173:
2654:
2194:
2138:(Seventh ed.). London: University of London Press Ltd. pp. 230â234.
2091:(Seventh ed.). London: University of London Press Ltd. pp. 161â164.
2038:(Seventh ed.). London: University of London Press Ltd. pp. 152â157.
795:
regions of variable wetness. Both climates are dominated by heavy denudation.
184:
3916:
3853:
3848:
3833:
3818:
3767:
3762:
3528:
3493:
3447:
3407:
3402:
3162:
3034:
2994:
2740:
2720:
2495:
Place-names in the
Landscape: the Geographical roots of Britain's place-names
2470:
Place-names in the
Landscape: the Geographical roots of Britain's place-names
1867:
1849:
1811:
1805:
1751:
1709:
1691:
1685:
1560:
1554:
1490:
1438:
1414:
1396:
1344:
1287:
1216:
992:
878:
Hollow: A term used regionally for a small valley surrounded by mountains or
670:
581:
574:
511:
440:
413:
1572:
369:
may determine the course of the stream and result in a twisting course with
3843:
3593:
3578:
3568:
3417:
3348:
3217:
3182:
3097:
3039:
2914:
2813:
2775:
2750:
2630:
1992:
1913:
1697:
1679:
1584:
1548:
1524:
1478:
1378:
1359:
1313:
1269:
1133:
1125:
822:
646:
2007: â An inactive river or stream channel that has been filled or buried
965:
337:
262:
areas, valleys may be entirely dry or carry a watercourse only rarely. In
3752:
3676:
3380:
3343:
3290:
3014:
2999:
2974:
2848:
2004:
1861:
1616:
1420:
1339:
1281:
1250:
1222:
1210:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1077:
969:
887:
848:: A small valley, closed at one or both ends, in the central or southern
812:
788:
693:
628:
542:
503:
499:
472:
436:
275:
2613:
2214:
Nesje, A., & Whillans, I. M. (1994). Erosion of
Sognefjord, Norway.
2073:
916:: An elongated valley found between two nearly-parallel mountain chains.
841:
There are many terms used for different sorts of valleys. They include:
385:
may result. Deposition dominates over erosion. A typical river basin or
3858:
3538:
3422:
3362:
3320:
3192:
3029:
2897:
2838:
2828:
2745:
1588:
1512:
1177:
1149:
1137:
907:
891:
865:
784:
760:
658:
593:
382:
267:
251:
2558:
1932:
terms for 'valley, 'gorge' and 'ditch' respectively. The German term '
3828:
3777:
3747:
3716:
3646:
3558:
3315:
3202:
3187:
3127:
3074:
3069:
2969:
2892:
2882:
2780:
2640:
2253:
Chapter 13 - Periglacial Processes and Landforms in the Critical Zone
2063:
1900:
Numerous elongate depressions have been identified on the surface of
1598:
1578:
1566:
1470:
1382:
1085:
749:
744:
701:
673:
662:
354:
279:
169:
143:
1995: â Meadow within a forested and relatively small drainage basin
322:
38:
3498:
3465:
3142:
2984:
2951:
2248:
2229:"Illustrated Glossary of Alpine Glacial Landforms - Hanging Valley"
1604:
1506:
1319:
1058:
1000:
973:
903:
899:
792:
737:
689:
678:
228:
207:
180:
1173:
506:
or else by sediments. Such features are found in coastal areas as
195:
3808:
3757:
3285:
3280:
3242:
3147:
3019:
2956:
1924:(singular: 'chasma'). Long narrow depressions are referred to as
1121:
1054:
883:
872:
666:
561:
546:
476:
468:
405:
378:
342:
331:
327:
307:
303:
302:. In polar areas and at high altitudes, valleys may be eroded by
295:
291:
255:
244:
240:
212:
188:
158:
1168:
783:
Trough-shaped valleys also form in regions of heavy topographic
149:
3603:
3475:
3300:
3295:
3237:
3207:
3132:
2887:
2818:
2790:
2689:
1986:
1921:
1624:
1530:
1466:
1373:
1291:
1117:
1014:
988:
980:
954:
932:
895:
401:
397:
259:
236:
2604:, SAR interferometry (analysis of valley forms in Fig.2 and 6)
1959:
List of largest rifts, canyons and valleys in the Solar System
1012:
is used more widely by geographers as a synonym for (glacial)
239:
running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by
3701:
3686:
3641:
3385:
3358:
3305:
3172:
3167:
3137:
3122:
2931:
2701:
2685:
2446:
2158:
1998:
1933:
1929:
1905:
1643:
1113:
1062:
1053:
is used to describe a ravine containing a mountain stream in
950:
946:
922:: A deep, narrow, flat-bottomed valley with an abrupt ending.
879:
826:
756:
522:
507:
393:
263:
232:
30:
Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
165:
3731:
3696:
3252:
3212:
3177:
1909:
1901:
1592:
1105:
1049:
984:
733:
650:
389:
will incorporate each of these different types of valleys.
271:
258:
but now are ice-free and occupied by streams or rivers. In
224:
2607:
3651:
3092:
2068:. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. pp. 956â957.
2009:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
868:: A valley not created by sustained surface water flow.
700:. Smaller streams flow into rivers as deep canyons or
999:
terms and are commonly encountered in place-names in
960:
763:
are much shallower than the main fjord. The mouth of
2537:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, feature types"
1968:
532:
Other interesting glacially carved valleys include:
521:
A panoramic view of two merging U-shaped valleys in
2350:(First ed.). Edinburgh: Birlinn. p. 203.
353:stream will most effectively erode its bed through
63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
23:"River valley" redirects here. For other uses, see
2400:(First ed.). Edinburgh: Birlinn. p. 53.
2375:(First ed.). Edinburgh: Birlinn. p. 99.
2250:
1104:originated in river valleys, such as that of the
636:
549:for their parallel directions and hanging mouths.
254:valleys may have been created or enlarged during
3914:
2497:(First ed.). London: J M Dent. p. 99.
2472:(First ed.). London: J M Dent. p. 88.
2684:
2425:(First ed.). London: Penguin. p. 83.
270:may also result from drainage now taking place
223:is an elongated low area often running between
199:The Frades Valley in the mountainous region of
2559:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, Welcome"
852:which sometimes results from the erosion of a
2670:
2620:
2420:
862:: A small, secluded, and often wooded valley.
1895:
931:A valley typically developed parallel to a
2677:
2663:
957:, are not usually referred to as valleys.
2133:
2086:
2033:
341:Valley of Palakaria river springing from
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
2421:Whitten, D.G.A.; Brooks, J.R.V. (1972).
2058:
1642:
1456:
1372:
1240:
1167:
1043:which are named "(specific name) Dale".
964:
723:
711:
640:
516:
446:
430:
419:For various lists of river valleys, see
336:
321:
250:At lower latitudes and altitudes, these
206:
194:
179:
164:
148:
134:
3276:International scale of river difficulty
2492:
2467:
972:running through the Kohistan Valley in
684:In some stress-tectonic regions of the
285:
3915:
2592:, Glossary of Alpine Glacial Landforms
2290:
2197:. U.S. Geological Survey. May 28, 2004
1140:, the rivers were used as a source of
945:Similar geographical features such as
833:activity beneath the Earth's surface.
2658:
871:Erosional valley: A valley formed by
412:may also result in the production of
345:Mountain, seen in the background, in
2395:
2370:
2345:
2062:(1968). Rhodes W. Fairbridge (ed.).
906:, a hollow is a small valley or dry
836:
759:systems underwater. The branches of
707:
696:are parallel to each other, and are
645:Look from Paria View to a valley in
61:adding citations to reliable sources
32:
2319:"Early History, Santa Clara County"
2311:
1928:(singular: 'fossa'). These are the
1163:
1148:extremes and provided a source for
1095:
1088:has been eroded. An example is the
825:are formed by the expansion of the
13:
2561:. International Astronomical Union
2539:. International Astronomical Union
2263:10.1016/B978-0-444-63369-9.00013-6
961:British regional terms for valleys
426:
14:
3954:
2637:Valles Marineris and Ophir Chasma
2577:
2195:"Glossary of Glacier Terminology"
1989: â Deep chasm between cliffs
1152:, stimulating the development of
621:Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park
2297:. Psychology Press. p. 98.
2152:
2136:Principles of Physical Geography
2089:Principles of Physical Geography
2036:Principles of Physical Geography
1971:
1843:
1638:
1551:with its famous castles (France)
935:from more readily eroded strata.
778:
608:
317:
37:
3433:Flooded grasslands and savannas
2551:
2529:
2511:
2486:
2461:
2439:
2414:
2389:
2364:
2339:
2284:
2242:
2181:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.006
1004:in parts of the world formerly
619:New Zealand's Hooker Valley at
326:The valley of Halikko River in
48:needs additional citations for
2221:
2208:
2187:
2127:
2105:
2080:
2052:
2027:
755:Hanging valleys also occur in
653:, with very striking shoulders
637:Transition forms and shoulders
1:
2294:Encyclopedia of Geomorphology
2020:
1883:
1648:Hell's Gate, British Columbia
1213:(Egypt/Sudan/Ethiopia/Uganda)
720:flowing from a hanging valley
3599:Universal Soil Loss Equation
3549:Hydrological transport model
3443:Storm Water Management Model
2523:MerriamâWebster's Dictionary
2291:Goudie, Andrew, ed. (2004).
2016: â Narrow body of water
1914:planets and their satellites
1627:system. (France and Germany)
587:
274:rather than at the surface.
7:
1964:
1954:List of valleys on the Moon
1265:List of valleys in Pakistan
231:and typically containing a
10:
3959:
3103:Antecedent drainage stream
2633:, bisecting the Lunar Alps
2493:Gelling, Margaret (1984).
2468:Gelling, Margaret (1984).
2161:Quaternary Science Reviews
1890:West Antarctic Rift System
1778:(British Columbia/Montana)
1515:(Scotland, United Kingdom)
1509:(Scotland, United Kingdom)
1368:
817:Rift valleys, such as the
810:
591:
572:
451:A glaciated valley in the
418:
264:areas of limestone bedrock
176:has almost vertical walls.
22:
15:
3867:
3839:River valley civilization
3801:
3740:
3722:Riparian-zone restoration
3622:
3484:
3456:
3357:
3329:
3261:
3083:
2950:
2867:
2789:
2700:
2586:, University of Wisconsin
1784:(Ontario/Quebec/New York)
1601:(MĂžre Og Romsdal, Norway)
1452:
1183:
568:
3902:Countries without rivers
3877:Rivers by discharge rate
3589:Runoff model (reservoir)
3554:Infiltration (hydrology)
2621:Extraterrestrial valleys
2525:. MerriamâWebster. 2011.
2134:Monkhouse, F.J. (1971).
2087:Monkhouse, F.J. (1971).
2065:Classification of Rivers
2034:Monkhouse, F.J. (1971).
1949:List of chasmata on Mars
1896:Extraterrestrial valleys
1802:(Virginia/West Virginia)
1700:(Arizona, United States)
1260:List of valleys in India
1100:Some of the first human
3574:River Continuum Concept
3339:Agricultural wastewater
1944:List of valleys on Mars
1670:(Maryland/Pennsylvania)
1613:(Wales, United Kingdom)
1563:(Wales, United Kingdom)
1236:
806:
435:U-shaped valley on the
300:internal drainage basin
278:arise principally from
18:Valley (disambiguation)
3897:River name etymologies
3824:Hydraulic civilization
3682:Floodplain restoration
3458:Point source pollution
3233:Sedimentary structures
2610:, Valleys of the World
1650:
1473:
1385:
1254:
1180:
976:
798:
743:A hanging valley is a
740:
721:
718:Yosemite National Park
654:
545:of the Austrian river
529:
462:U-shaped cross-section
456:
444:
421:Category:River valleys
349:
334:
216:
204:
192:
191:, a rather flat valley
177:
162:
146:
3509:Discharge (hydrology)
3471:Industrial wastewater
2952:Sedimentary processes
2423:Dictionary of Geology
2323:National Park Service
1782:Saint Lawrence Valley
1776:Rocky Mountain Trench
1728:Missouri River Valley
1646:
1460:
1376:
1244:
1201:Ethiopian Rift Valley
1171:
1065:(also encountered as
968:
850:Appalachian Mountains
727:
716:Bridal Veil Falls in
715:
644:
558:Glacier National Park
520:
453:Mount Hood Wilderness
450:
434:
340:
325:
294:over long periods by
210:
198:
183:
168:
155:Glacier National Park
152:
138:
3614:Volumetric flow rate
3198:Riffle-pool sequence
2398:Scottish Place-names
2396:Ross, David (2001).
2373:Scottish Place-names
2371:Ross, David (2001).
2348:Scottish Place-names
2346:Ross, David (2001).
2167:(11â12): 1339â1363.
1543:Lauterbrunnen Valley
1377:The Harau Valley in
1006:colonized by Britain
286:Formation of valleys
211:Baemsagol valley of
201:Rio de Janeiro state
57:improve this article
3788:Whitewater kayaking
3783:Whitewater canoeing
3584:Runoff curve number
3428:Flood pulse concept
2173:2006QSRv...25.1339J
1794:San Fernando Valley
1611:South Wales Valleys
1545:(Bern, Switzerland)
1229:Valley of the Kings
1158:first civilizations
1132:, and arguably the
1090:Vale of White Horse
914:Longitudinal valley
153:U-shaped valley in
3814:Aquatic toxicology
3727:Stream restoration
3692:Infiltration basin
3544:Hydrological model
3060:Sediment transport
2883:Estavelle/Inversac
2761:Subterranean river
2614:Valley definitions
1871:Valley of the Moon
1818:Valley of the Gods
1748:(British Columbia)
1706:(British Columbia)
1694:(British Columbia)
1688:(British Columbia)
1651:
1569:(Buskerud, Norway)
1557:(Telemark, Norway)
1533:(Telemark, Norway)
1527:(Buskerud, Norway)
1487:(Telemark, Norway)
1481:(Vestland, Norway)
1474:
1435:(Papua New Guinea)
1399:(Papua New Guinea)
1386:
1297:Jordan Rift Valley
1255:
1181:
977:
741:
722:
688:or the Alps (e.g.
655:
530:
488:Interlocking spurs
457:
445:
371:interlocking spurs
350:
335:
217:
205:
193:
178:
163:
147:
3933:Fluvial landforms
3928:Erosion landforms
3910:
3909:
3887:Whitewater rivers
3793:Whitewater slalom
3624:River engineering
3524:Groundwater model
3485:River measurement
3413:Flood forecasting
3228:Sedimentary basin
3085:Fluvial landforms
2990:Bed material load
2766:River bifurcation
2272:978-0-444-63369-9
1916:and are known as
1856:CalchaquĂ Valleys
1830:Willamette Valley
1800:Shenandoah Valley
1770:Rio Grande Valley
1764:Valley of the Sun
1668:Cumberland Valley
1621:Upper Rhine Plain
1575:(Hedmark, Norway)
1521:(Oppland, Norway)
1355:Jiuzhaigou Valley
1331:Valleys of China
1299:(Jordan - Israel)
1247:Valley of Flowers
1206:Great Rift Valley
1196:East African Rift
1102:complex societies
1018:, as is the word
939:Structural valley
837:Terms for valleys
708:Hanging tributary
657:Depending on the
631:in the background
359:geological faults
133:
132:
125:
107:
3950:
3872:Rivers by length
3707:River morphology
3609:Wetted perimeter
3514:Drainage density
3025:Headward erosion
2854:Perennial stream
2726:Blackwater river
2679:
2672:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2616:, YourDictionary
2603:
2601:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2449:. Microsoft Bing
2443:
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2288:
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2279:
2256:
2246:
2240:
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2225:
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2205:
2203:
2202:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2156:
2150:
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2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2031:
2010:
1981:
1979:Geography portal
1976:
1975:
1974:
1824:Valley of Mexico
1788:Salt Lake Valley
1758:Palo Duro Canyon
1754:(Ontario/Quebec)
1722:Las Vegas Valley
1662:Coachella Valley
1591:to Grenoble and
1539:(Romania/Serbia)
1493:(Eastern Europe)
1164:Notable examples
1110:Tigris-Euphrates
1096:Human settlement
1092:in Oxfordshire.
920:Steephead valley
829:'s crust due to
728:Hanging valley,
612:
564:, United States.
312:fluvial terraces
252:glacially formed
140:CalchaquĂ Valley
128:
121:
117:
114:
108:
106:
65:
41:
33:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3943:Bodies of water
3938:Slope landforms
3913:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3882:Drainage basins
3863:
3797:
3736:
3712:Retention basin
3672:Erosion control
3667:Detention basin
3618:
3534:Hjulström curve
3486:
3480:
3452:
3396:Non-water flood
3353:
3325:
3271:Helicoidal flow
3257:
3158:Fluvial terrace
3153:Floating island
3079:
2954:
2946:
2937:Rhythmic spring
2871:
2863:
2844:Stream gradient
2785:
2771:River ecosystem
2736:Channel pattern
2704:
2696:
2683:
2623:
2599:
2595:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2562:
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2556:
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2542:
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2450:
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2433:
2419:
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2408:
2394:
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2383:
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2344:
2340:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2289:
2285:
2277:
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2247:
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2234:
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2227:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2085:
2081:
2060:Morisawa, Marie
2057:
2053:
2046:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2008:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1898:
1886:
1846:
1841:
1836:Yosemite Valley
1746:Okanagan Valley
1736:(Arizona, Utah)
1734:Monument Valley
1716:Imperial Valley
1674:Cuyahoga Valley
1641:
1636:
1607:(Agder, Norway)
1485:Dalen, Telemark
1455:
1450:
1427:Kangaroo Valley
1409:Capertee Valley
1371:
1366:
1350:Insukati Valley
1326:Panjshir Valley
1278:(Western Nepal)
1239:
1234:
1186:
1166:
1098:
1041:Yorkshire Dales
963:
854:geologic window
839:
815:
809:
801:
791:regions and in
781:
710:
686:Rocky Mountains
639:
634:
633:
632:
627:'s terminus at
618:
613:
596:
590:
577:
571:
539:(United States)
537:Yosemite Valley
492:truncated spurs
429:
427:Glacial valleys
424:
320:
288:
280:earth movements
161:, United States
129:
118:
112:
109:
66:
64:
54:
42:
31:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3956:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3773:Stone skipping
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
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3734:
3729:
3724:
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3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3657:Drop structure
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3637:Balancing lake
3634:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Playfair's law
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:Exner equation
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Bradshaw model
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3391:Urban flooding
3383:
3378:
3376:Crevasse splay
3373:
3371:100-year flood
3367:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3331:Surface runoff
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3311:Stream capture
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3223:Rock-cut basin
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
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3145:
3140:
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3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3065:Suspended load
3062:
3057:
3055:Secondary flow
3052:
3047:
3045:Retrogradation
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3010:Dissolved load
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2942:Spring horizon
2939:
2934:
2929:
2927:Mineral spring
2924:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2908:list in the US
2905:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Stream channel
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:Drainage basin
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2716:Alluvial river
2712:
2710:
2698:
2697:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2634:
2622:
2619:
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2617:
2611:
2605:
2593:
2587:
2579:
2578:External links
2576:
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2431:
2413:
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2388:
2381:
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2356:
2338:
2310:
2303:
2283:
2271:
2241:
2220:
2218:, 9(1), 33-45.
2207:
2186:
2151:
2144:
2126:
2113:"Vale of Eden"
2104:
2097:
2079:
2051:
2044:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:Stream channel
2011:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:ParaĂba Valley
1874:
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1845:
1842:
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1659:
1656:Central Valley
1652:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1631:Vestfjorddalen
1628:
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1608:
1602:
1596:
1582:
1576:
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1552:
1546:
1540:
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1528:
1522:
1519:Gudbrandsdalen
1516:
1510:
1504:
1497:Evrotas Valley
1494:
1488:
1482:
1475:
1463:Gudbrandsdalen
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1433:Markham Valley
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1403:Cagayan Valley
1400:
1394:
1391:Barossa Valley
1387:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1335:Baligou Valley
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1238:
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1233:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1191:Albertine Rift
1187:
1185:
1182:
1165:
1162:
1156:. Most of the
1097:
1094:
1024:borrowed from
993:Anglicisations
962:
959:
943:
942:
936:
923:
917:
911:
876:
869:
863:
857:
838:
835:
819:Albertine Rift
811:Main article:
808:
805:
800:
797:
780:
777:
765:FjĂŠrlandsfjord
709:
706:
638:
635:
625:Hooker Glacier
615:
614:
607:
606:
605:
592:Main article:
589:
586:
573:Main article:
570:
567:
566:
565:
554:St. Mary River
550:
540:
428:
425:
414:river terraces
387:drainage basin
319:
318:River valleys
316:
287:
284:
174:Western Norway
131:
130:
45:
43:
36:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3870:
3869:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:Surface water
3852:
3850:
3849:Sacred waters
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Riparian zone
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Body of water
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3768:Riverboarding
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3764:
3763:River surfing
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3507:
3505:
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3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:and modelling
3483:
3477:
3474:
3472:
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3464:
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3459:
3455:
3449:
3448:Return period
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3426:
3424:
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3409:
3408:Flood control
3406:
3404:
3403:Flood barrier
3401:
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3035:Palaeochannel
3033:
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3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
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2998:
2996:
2995:Granular flow
2993:
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2741:Channel types
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2724:
2722:
2721:Braided river
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2255:
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2216:Geomorphology
2211:
2196:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2174:
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2166:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2137:
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2100:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2075:
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2067:
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2061:
2055:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2015:
2012:
2006:
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1907:
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1891:
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1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:Ischigualasto
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:Aburra Valley
1848:
1847:
1844:South America
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:Toluca Valley
1810:
1807:
1806:Sonoma Valley
1804:
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1798:
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1789:
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1783:
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1752:Ottawa Valley
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
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1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:Hudson Valley
1708:
1705:
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1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:Fraser Valley
1690:
1687:
1686:Fraser Canyon
1684:
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1639:North America
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1561:Nant Ffrancon
1559:
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1555:Midt-Telemark
1553:
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1492:
1491:Danube Valley
1489:
1486:
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1477:
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1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1446:
1443:
1441:(New Zealand)
1440:
1439:Strath Taieri
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:(New Zealand)
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:Hunter Valley
1413:
1410:
1407:
1405:(Philippines)
1404:
1401:
1398:
1397:Bulolo Valley
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1361:
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1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Heizhu Valley
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:(Afghanistan)
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
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1304:
1303:Jordan Valley
1301:
1298:
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1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:Nugaal Valley
1215:
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1199:
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986:
982:
975:
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958:
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948:
940:
937:
934:
930:
927:
926:Strike valley
924:
921:
918:
915:
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905:
901:
897:
893:
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885:
881:
877:
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867:
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844:
843:
842:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
814:
804:
796:
794:
790:
786:
779:Trough-shaped
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
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751:
746:
739:
735:
731:
726:
719:
714:
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660:
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648:
643:
630:
626:
622:
617:
611:
604:
602:
595:
585:
583:
582:water erosion
576:
575:Tunnel valley
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
541:
538:
535:
534:
533:
528:
524:
519:
515:
513:
512:misfit stream
509:
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127:
124:
116:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74: â
73:
69:
68:Find sources:
62:
58:
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
26:
19:
3892:Flash floods
3844:River cruise
3741:River sports
3594:Stream gauge
3579:Rouse number
3569:Relief ratio
3418:Flood-meadow
3349:Urban runoff
3263:Fluvial flow
3248:River valley
3247:
3218:River island
3183:Meander scar
3098:Alluvial fan
3040:Progradation
2915:Karst spring
2859:Winterbourne
2814:Chalk stream
2776:River source
2751:Distributary
2631:Vallis Alpes
2563:. Retrieved
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2531:
2522:
2513:
2494:
2488:
2469:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2441:
2422:
2416:
2397:
2391:
2372:
2366:
2347:
2341:
2333:
2326:. Retrieved
2322:
2313:
2293:
2286:
2276:, retrieved
2252:
2244:
2233:. Retrieved
2223:
2215:
2210:
2199:. Retrieved
2189:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2135:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2115:. Britannica
2107:
2088:
2082:
2064:
2054:
2035:
2029:
1993:Grass valley
1938:
1912:, and other
1899:
1870:
1862:Cauca Valley
1838:(California)
1808:(California)
1796:(California)
1742:(California)
1718:(California)
1698:Grand Canyon
1682:(California)
1680:Death Valley
1664:(California)
1658:(California)
1585:Rhone Valley
1549:Loire Valley
1525:Hallingdalen
1479:Bergensdalen
1379:West Sumatra
1360:Mutou Valley
1314:Klang Valley
1284:(Kazakhstan)
1270:Beqaa Valley
1126:Yellow River
1099:
1084:rock, often
1075:
1070:
1066:
1048:
1030:
1019:
1013:
1009:
978:
944:
928:
840:
823:Gregory Rift
816:
802:
782:
773:
754:
742:
694:side valleys
683:
656:
647:Bryce Canyon
601:UrstromtÀler
597:
578:
552:That of the
543:Side valleys
531:
500:Valley steps
486:
466:
458:
410:rejuvenation
391:
375:
351:
296:moving water
289:
276:Rift valleys
249:
220:
218:
119:
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
25:River Valley
3753:Fly fishing
3677:Fish ladder
3662:Daylighting
3381:Flash flood
3344:First flush
3291:Plunge pool
3015:Downcutting
3000:Debris flow
2975:Aggradation
2849:Stream pool
2608:Valleys.com
2597:"BGU.ac.il"
2565:20 December
2543:20 December
2453:20 December
2447:"Bing maps"
2328:January 16,
2231:. .uwsp.edu
2119:20 December
2005:Paleovalley
1873:(Argentina)
1858:(Argentina)
1740:Napa Valley
1704:Hell's Gate
1617:Upper Rhine
1465:in Eastern
1447:(Australia)
1445:Swan Valley
1429:(Australia)
1421:Hutt Valley
1417:(Australia)
1411:(Australia)
1393:(Australia)
1340:Emin Valley
1322:(Sri Lanka)
1282:Emin Valley
1276:Dang Valley
1251:Uttarakhand
1223:Umba Valley
1211:Nile Valley
1154:agriculture
1146:temperature
1142:fresh water
1130:Mississippi
1078:flood plain
1061:. The term
970:Indus River
888:New England
813:Rift valley
789:periglacial
730:Ibar (lake)
629:Hooker Lake
504:ribbon lake
473:Pleistocene
437:Afon Fathew
272:underground
268:dry valleys
245:glacial ice
185:FljĂłtsdalur
3917:Categories
3859:Wild river
3539:Hydrograph
3529:Hack's law
3494:Baer's law
3438:Inundation
3423:Floodplain
3363:stormwater
3321:Whitewater
3193:Oxbow lake
3030:Knickpoint
3005:Deposition
2898:Hot spring
2839:Streamflow
2829:Stream bed
2746:Confluence
2504:0460860860
2479:0460860860
2432:0140510494
2407:1841581739
2382:1841581739
2357:1841581739
2278:2023-10-19
2235:2011-10-03
2201:2007-05-24
2145:0340090227
2098:0340090227
2045:0340090227
2021:References
1939:See also:
1884:Antarctica
1864:(Colombia)
1852:(Colombia)
1730:(Missouri)
1712:(New York)
1619:Valley or
1589:Matterhorn
1573:Ăsterdalen
1513:Great Glen
1316:(Malaysia)
1225:(Tanzania)
1178:Costa Rica
1172:A view of
1150:irrigation
1138:prehistory
979:The terms
908:stream bed
894:, and the
892:Appalachia
866:Dry valley
785:denudation
761:Sognefjord
736:Mountain,
702:waterfalls
665:, and the
663:rock types
659:topography
594:Urstromtal
525:mountain,
496:trough-end
383:floodplain
379:meandering
83:newspapers
3829:Limnology
3778:Triathlon
3748:Canyoning
3717:Revetment
3647:Check dam
3559:Main stem
3316:Waterfall
3203:Point bar
3188:Mouth bar
3128:Billabong
3075:Water gap
3070:Wash load
3050:Saltation
2970:Anabranch
2893:Holy well
2781:Tributary
2643:website (
2641:bilingual
2627:ESA image
1766:(Arizona)
1623:, an old
1599:Romsdalen
1587:from the
1581:, (Italy)
1579:Po Valley
1567:Numedalen
1537:Iron Gate
1383:Indonesia
1308:Kathmandu
1272:(Lebanon)
1219:(Somalia)
1086:claystone
1082:resistant
1031:The word
769:Ikjefjord
750:elevation
745:tributary
588:Meltwater
363:fractures
355:corrasion
229:mountains
170:Romsdalen
144:Argentina
3632:Aqueduct
3499:Baseflow
3466:Effluent
3143:Cut bank
3108:Avulsion
2985:Bed load
2965:Abrasion
2590:UWSP.edu
1965:See also
1922:chasmata
1879:(Brazil)
1832:(Oregon)
1826:(Mexico)
1814:(Mexico)
1724:(Nevada)
1633:(Norway)
1605:Setesdal
1595:(France)
1507:Glen Coe
1503:(Greece)
1320:Mahaweli
1059:Pennines
1057:and the
1037:the term
1001:Scotland
991:are all
974:Pakistan
904:Missouri
900:Arkansas
831:tectonic
793:tropical
738:Bulgaria
732:valley,
690:Salzburg
679:sunshine
671:Tyrolean
527:Bulgaria
481:Abrasion
347:Bulgaria
304:glaciers
256:ice ages
203:, Brazil
187:in East
113:May 2013
72:"Valley"
3923:Valleys
3809:Aquifer
3802:Related
3758:Rafting
3286:Meander
3281:Log jam
3243:Thalweg
3148:Estuary
3020:Erosion
2957:erosion
2869:Springs
2824:Current
2791:Streams
2731:Channel
2694:springs
2690:streams
2645:English
2584:NPS.gov
2519:"Combe"
2169:Bibcode
1772:(Texas)
1760:(Texas)
1369:Oceania
1310:(Nepal)
1253:, India
1231:(Egypt)
1122:Yangtze
1055:Cumbria
947:gullies
884:Ireland
873:erosion
698:hanging
692:), the
667:climate
623:, with
562:Montana
547:Salzach
477:ice age
469:cirques
443:, Wales
441:Dolgoch
408:. Such
406:ice age
343:Vitosha
332:Finland
328:Halikko
308:rifting
292:erosion
241:erosion
215:, Korea
213:Jirisan
189:Iceland
159:Montana
97:scholar
3604:WAFLEX
3476:Sewage
3359:Floods
3301:Riffle
3296:Rapids
3238:Strath
3208:Ravine
3133:Canyon
2888:Geyser
2819:Coulee
2804:Bourne
2799:Arroyo
2702:Rivers
2686:Rivers
2649:German
2501:
2476:
2429:
2404:
2379:
2354:
2301:
2269:
2142:
2095:
2072:
2042:
1987:Canyon
1926:fossae
1918:valles
1908:, the
1820:(Utah)
1790:(Utah)
1676:(Ohio)
1625:graben
1531:Heddal
1501:Sparta
1467:Norway
1453:Europe
1292:Turkey
1288:Ihlara
1184:Africa
1134:Amazon
1118:Ganges
1071:valley
1067:coombe
1045:Clough
1015:cirque
1010:Corrie
997:Gaelic
989:strath
987:, and
981:corrie
955:kloofs
953:, and
951:chines
933:cuesta
896:Ozarks
880:ridges
661:, the
569:Tunnel
508:fjords
402:canyon
398:ravine
365:, and
260:desert
237:stream
221:valley
99:
92:
85:
78:
70:
3702:Levee
3687:Flume
3642:Canal
3386:Flood
3306:Shoal
3173:Gully
3168:Gulch
3138:Chine
3123:Bayou
2980:Armor
2932:Ponor
2707:lists
2600:(PDF)
1999:Gully
1934:rille
1930:Latin
1906:Venus
1469:near
1174:OrosĂ
1136:. In
1114:Indus
1063:combe
1026:Welsh
882:. In
827:Earth
757:fjord
523:Pirin
439:near
400:, or
394:gorge
367:folds
233:river
225:hills
104:JSTOR
90:books
3732:Weir
3697:Leat
3361:and
3253:Wadi
3213:Rill
3178:Glen
3163:Gill
3113:Bank
2955:and
2920:list
2903:list
2874:list
2809:Burn
2692:and
2647:and
2567:2020
2545:2020
2499:ISBN
2474:ISBN
2455:2020
2427:ISBN
2402:ISBN
2377:ISBN
2352:ISBN
2330:2015
2299:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2140:ISBN
2121:2020
2093:ISBN
2074:2968
2070:OCLC
2040:ISBN
1910:Moon
1902:Mars
1593:Lyon
1471:GÄlÄ
1461:The
1245:The
1237:Asia
1106:Nile
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