810:
708:
World
Meteorological Organization - Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation - Preliminary seventh edition - WMO-No. 8 - Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization – Geneva – Switzerland -
675:
604:
When one gives the value of a quantity, any information concerning the quantity or its conditions of measurement must be presented in such a way as not to be associated with the unit.
682:
793:
691:
797:
90:
671:
131:
601:
The Guide for the Use of the
International System of Units, section 7.5 (Unacceptability of mixing information with units), states:
162:: "the vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from mean sea level."
143:: "the vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from the mean sea level (MSL);"
814:
104:: "distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured downward along a line perpendicular to that surface."
110:: "distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured upward along a line perpendicular to that surface";
294:
have units of m/s. Normalization by a constant nominal gravity value (units of m/s) yields units of metre, as in
149:: "the vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from a specific datum."
576:
337:
748:
229:
528:
224:
830:
376:
234:
69:
exist for expressing vertical position: depth, height, altitude, elevation, etc. Points lying on an
94:
571:
729:. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Carnegie Institution of Washington. p. 13
551:
499:
484:
387:
Various instruments and techniques may be used for measuring or determining vertical position:
34:
724:
506:
494:
401:
695:
511:
431:
189:
78:
20:
634:
8:
556:
295:
291:
259:
254:
214:
707:
676:"Annex 4: Aeronautical Charts - Chapter 1 (Definitions, Applicability and Availability)"
477:
311:
272:
249:
209:
175:
38:
726:
Dynamic
Meteorology and Hydrography: Part [1]-2, [and atlas of plates]
666:
455:
181:
566:
299:
70:
521:
194:
667:
467:
450:
411:
352:
348:
319:
315:
307:
303:
239:
204:
50:
46:
796:(IOGP), Geomatics Committee, Geodesy Subcommittee. Report 373–24, April 2018.
336:
is introduced for emphasis. However, this practice is not acceptable with the
824:
356:
244:
199:
323:
219:
347:, introduced when there may be confusion between vertical, horizontal, or
720:
581:
546:
541:
406:
16:
Position along a vertical direction above or below a given vertical datum
561:
516:
442:
Many physical phenomena are related to vertical position, as driven by
426:
421:
416:
396:
42:
375:("height metre") is used; if it is preceded by a '±' it refers to the
790:
Geomatics
Guidance Note 24: Vertical data in oil and gas applications
391:
158:
462:
166:
I.e., elevation would be the altitude of the ground or a building.
139:
122:
114:
62:
489:
443:
368:
364:
773:
Exploring Prince George: A Guide to North
Central B. C. Outdoors
809:
360:
287:
276:
126:: "height where the chosen reference surface is mean sea level"
749:"Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)"
472:
280:
117:(2008 version) makes the following additional definition:
690:
Note: Annex 4 is one of the (currently) 19 annexes to the
318:, the vertical coordinate does not represent distance in
351:. It is used for distance climbed during sports such as
371:
In German-speaking countries the abbreviation 'Hm' for
794:
740:
692:Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation
747:Thompson, Ambler; Taylor, Barry N. (2018-11-10).
822:
775:, Vancouver: Rocky Mountain Books, 2004, p. 105.
184:may be defined based on the definitions above:
746:
629:
627:
625:
623:
286:Certain vertical coordinates are not based on
91:International Organization for Standardization
713:
620:
672:International Civil Aviation Organization
132:International Civil Aviation Organization
719:
662:
660:
658:
656:
97:, offers the following two definitions:
322:, as would be measured with a ruler or
823:
271:Vertical distance quantities, such as
653:
310:at 45 degrees latitude). Despite the
275:, may be expressed in various units:
169:
65:between two vertical positions. Many
49:(a reference level surface, such as
134:(ICAO) offers similar definitions:
73:surface are said to be on the same
13:
782:
45:direction) above or below a given
19:For the supply chain concept, see
14:
842:
802:
808:
382:
765:
701:
595:
577:Vertical separation (aviation)
84:
1:
613:
338:International System of Units
437:
230:Height above average terrain
7:
635:"ISO 6709:2008(en) preview"
534:
529:Vertical pressure variation
343:Another non-SI unit is the
225:Height above mean sea level
10:
847:
173:
18:
377:cumulative elevation gain
235:Height above ground level
93:(ISO), more specifically
588:
266:
572:Vertical and horizontal
606:
552:Geographic coordinates
547:Geodesy § Heights
500:Topographic prominence
485:Temperature lapse rate
332:(symbol gpm or m') or
153:ICAO further defines:
602:
507:Vertical displacement
495:Digital terrain model
402:Benchmark (surveying)
174:Further information:
817:at Wikimedia Commons
512:Post-glacial rebound
432:Water level (device)
292:geopotential numbers
190:Depth below seafloor
67:vertical coordinates
21:Vertical integration
557:Horizontal position
296:geopotential height
260:True vertical depth
255:Thickness (geology)
215:Geocentric altitude
182:physical quantities
59:vertical separation
478:Sea surface height
329:geopotential metre
312:physical dimension
273:orthometric height
250:Orthometric height
210:Ellipsoidal height
176:Heights in geodesy
170:Derived quantities
39:vertical direction
831:Vertical position
815:Vertical position
813:Media related to
456:Stage (hydrology)
55:Vertical distance
31:vertical location
27:Vertical position
838:
812:
776:
769:
763:
762:
760:
759:
744:
738:
737:
735:
734:
717:
711:
705:
699:
689:
687:
681:. Archived from
680:
664:
651:
650:
648:
646:
631:
607:
599:
567:Physical geodesy
300:standard gravity
71:equigeopotential
846:
845:
841:
840:
839:
837:
836:
835:
821:
820:
805:
785:
783:Further reading
780:
779:
770:
766:
757:
755:
745:
741:
732:
730:
718:
714:
706:
702:
685:
678:
665:
654:
644:
642:
633:
632:
621:
616:
611:
610:
600:
596:
591:
586:
537:
522:Tectonic uplift
440:
385:
349:slant distances
290:, for example,
269:
264:
195:Depth in a well
178:
172:
87:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
844:
834:
833:
819:
818:
804:
803:External links
801:
800:
799:
784:
781:
778:
777:
764:
739:
712:
700:
696:ICAO Doc. 7300
688:on 2016-09-17.
668:United Nations
652:
618:
617:
615:
612:
609:
608:
593:
592:
590:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
526:
525:
524:
519:
514:
504:
503:
502:
497:
487:
482:
481:
480:
475:
468:Mean sea level
465:
460:
459:
458:
451:Hydraulic head
439:
436:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
412:Depth sounding
409:
404:
399:
394:
384:
381:
353:mountaineering
345:vertical metre
326:. Sometimes a
320:physical space
316:unit of length
308:normal gravity
304:dynamic height
268:
265:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
240:Measured depth
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
205:Dynamic height
202:
197:
192:
186:
171:
168:
164:
163:
151:
150:
144:
128:
127:
112:
111:
105:
86:
83:
75:vertical level
51:mean sea level
47:vertical datum
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
843:
832:
829:
828:
826:
816:
811:
807:
806:
798:
795:
791:
787:
786:
774:
768:
754:
750:
743:
728:
727:
722:
716:
710:
704:
697:
693:
684:
677:
673:
669:
663:
661:
659:
657:
640:
636:
630:
628:
626:
624:
619:
605:
598:
594:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
530:
527:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
505:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
488:
486:
483:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
464:
461:
457:
454:
453:
452:
449:
448:
447:
445:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
388:
383:Determination
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
334:dynamic metre
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Normal height
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
200:Drying height
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
187:
185:
183:
177:
167:
161:
160:
156:
155:
154:
148:
145:
142:
141:
137:
136:
135:
133:
125:
124:
120:
119:
118:
116:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
98:
96:
92:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
789:
788:IOGP (2018)
772:
771:Nash, Mike,
767:
756:. Retrieved
752:
742:
731:. Retrieved
725:
721:Bjerknes, V.
715:
703:
683:the original
643:. Retrieved
638:
603:
597:
441:
386:
372:
344:
342:
333:
328:
327:
324:tape measure
285:
270:
220:Geopotential
179:
165:
157:
152:
146:
138:
129:
121:
113:
107:
101:
88:
74:
66:
58:
54:
30:
26:
25:
639:www.iso.org
582:Water level
542:Chart datum
407:Depth gauge
85:Definitions
79:water level
758:2020-12-09
733:2023-10-05
614:References
562:Hypsometry
517:Subsidence
427:Tide gauge
422:Topography
417:Hypsometer
397:Bathymetry
373:Höhenmeter
306:(based on
298:(based on
77:, as in a
43:plumb line
438:Phenomena
392:Altimeter
159:elevation
95:ISO 19111
825:Category
723:(1910).
535:See also
463:Isostasy
180:Several
140:altitude
123:altitude
115:ISO 6709
63:distance
37:along a
35:position
490:Terrain
444:gravity
369:cycling
365:running
283:, etc.
61:is the
645:8 June
361:hiking
357:skiing
340:(SI).
288:length
277:metres
147:height
108:height
686:(PDF)
679:(PDF)
641:. ISO
589:Notes
473:Geoid
302:) or
267:Units
102:depth
41:(the
33:is a
753:NIST
709:2006
647:2016
314:and
281:feet
130:The
89:The
367:or
57:or
53:).
29:or
827::
792:,
751:.
698:).
674:.
670:-
655:^
637:.
622:^
446::
379:.
363:,
359:,
355:,
279:,
81:.
761:.
736:.
694:(
649:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.