984:, named after President Roosevelt's chief diplomatic advisor, and was given the General Staff design number A25 by the War Office. The Mark VIII was intended to improve upon the design of the Tetrarch in a number of areas. It had thicker armour than the Tetrarch, with the front hull and turret armour increased to a thickness of 38 millimetres (1.5 in) and the side armour to 17 millimetres (0.67 in), and the turret and hull given more sloped surfaces to help deflect shells fired at the tank. The dimensions of the Tetrarch were also changed; the Mark VIII was longer by 6 inches (0.15 m), wider by 1 foot 3 inches (0.38 m) and heavier. The new tank was no longer air-portable, as it was too heavy to be carried by a Hamilcar. The 12-cylinder engine of the Tetrarch was fitted to the Mark VIII, although the increased weight meant that its maximum speed decreased to 30 miles per hour (48 km/h); its armament also remained the same as that of the Tetrarch. The War Office authorised the construction of three prototype models in April 1941. The new design was considered a success, and the Tank Board of the War Office ordered 1,000 to be constructed in September. However, problems were encountered with further tests of the prototypes, and a report issued in December 1942 stated that production of the Mark VIII had been delayed due to developmental problems. These problems continued to persist into 1943, when the War Office decided against using the tank in active service; approximately 100 Mark VIIIs were produced by 1945, when production ended.
897:
the 6th
Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Squadron was to aid in the latter task, acting as a reconnaissance force to scout out German positions and impede the movement of German forces attempting to counter-attack. The Tetrarchs of 'A' Squadron were to play an integral part in this reconnaissance role due to their speed, but the squadron's strength of twenty tanks was severely depleted by the time it landed in Normandy. It lost one tank before the formation landed when the Tetrarch broke loose of its shackles and crashed through the nose of the glider that was carrying it, causing both to fall into the sea mid-flight. The squadron's strength was further weakened when two gliders collided with each other in the landing zone, destroying themselves and the Tetrarchs they carried; a third Hamilcar hit another Tetrarch as it was being unloaded and flipped the tank upside down, rendering it unusable, although the crew escaped without injury. The surviving tanks were then rendered temporarily immobile when parachute rigging lines became tangled in their suspensions, forcing their crews to cut the lines away with welding torches.
768:. The 29th Brigade formed the core of the invasion force due to its training in amphibious operations, and under its command was 'B' Special Service Squadron, created by amalgamating six Valentines from 'B' Squadron and six Tetrarchs from 'C' Squadron into a single unit. The squadron was formed into four troops, one Headquarters troop of three Valentines and one Tetrarch, one of four Valentines, and two formed from the remaining five Tetrarchs. The invasion force assembled off the west coast of the northern tip of Madagascar on 4 May, near Antsirane and the bay of Diego Suarez. The invasion plan called for an amphibious assault landing on four beaches on the west side of the tip, which would allow the British forces to advance approximately 20 miles (32 km) and approach Antsirane from the rear. Information about the landing beaches, the defences possessed by the port, and the Vichy French defending forces was limited and vague, although it was believed that the defenders had no weapons capable of penetrating the armour of a Valentine tank.
464:. The tank had a maximum of 14 millimetres (0.55 in) of armour. The prototype weighed approximately 16,800 lb (7,600 kg) and was powered by a 165-horsepower (123 kW) Meadows engine. Suspension was on eight road wheels, four per side, with no separate driver or idler wheels and it was capable of a 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) top speed. The Mk VII design relied on an unusual steering method and a mechanical system incorporated into earlier Vickers models. The front wheels could be steered to allow for gentle turns by bending the tracks. For sharper turns, the system returned to the conventional method of braking one track to turn the tank; the dual system of turning was designed to lessen mechanical strain on the Mk VII and reduce its power wastage. The suspension system was also a new design that relied on struts with pockets of air for springing and cushions of oil for damping, and each of the wheels was independently sprung.
700:
676:. The Soviet military utilised a greater number of light tanks than the British, and so could use the Tetrarchs. When the tanks arrived in the USSR, however, it was apparent that the design problems with the cooling system were also present in cold conditions; additionally, the cold weather had a deleterious effect on the tank's suspension and tracks. Additional testing of the Tetrarchs was conducted by the Soviet military and the design was admired for its controllability, manoeuvrability, and speed, as well its ability to run on low-quality fuel, unlike contemporary Soviet designs. The thinness of the Tetrarch's armour was found to be a problem and one which could not be solved, as the weight of extra armour plating caused an unacceptable reduction in the tank's speed. Despite these drawbacks in the Tetrarch's design, Soviet authorities believed it to be comparable to the
1015:
995:, and was designed to allow a tank to 'swim' through water and participate in amphibious operations. The system functioned by erecting a large waterproof canvas screen around the tank above its tracks, which was supported by thirty-six inflatable tubes and steel struts; this gave the tank sufficient buoyancy to float, and was then propelled along by a small propeller powered by the tank's engine. The screen could be collapsed by using a small explosive charge once the tank reached land. The system was fitted during June 1941, as the Tetrarch was the lightest light tank available at the time; the converted tank was successfully tested on a number of lakes and reservoirs, allowing the Duplex Drive system to be tested on heavier tanks, such as the Valentine. The system would be used during
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nineteen light tanks and would operate to the fore of the division, using their tanks' speed to capture objectives and then holding them until relieved by other units. The obvious unit for conversion was 'C' Special
Services Squadron, as it was trained to act as an independent tank unit and, more importantly, was the only unit that was still using Tetrarchs; it had been re-designated as an airborne tank by the War Office. 'C' Squadron was officially transferred to the 1st Airborne Division on 24 June 1942, bringing with it seven Tetrarchs among its other vehicles. The unit immediately began training, but was not attached to the 1st Airborne Division for long; during mid-1943, the division was transported to the Middle East so it could participate in the
468:
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consisted of a
Headquarters Squadron, a Light Tank Squadron and a Reconnaissance Squadron; two Tetrarchs, the Mark 1 CS variation, were attached to the Headquarters Squadron, but the Light Tank Squadron, also known as 'A' Squadron, received the majority of the Tetrarchs. 'A' Squadron had approximately nineteen Tetrarchs split between six troops, two of which were of the CS variation and the rest were armed with 2-pounders fitted with Littlejohn adaptors. On 24 May 1944, after participating in a further series of exercises and manoeuvres, 'A' Squadron moved from their training area to a transit camp at
411:, the British airborne landings in Normandy in June 1944. The tanks were landed by glider, where their appearance caused the Germans to cancel a counter-attack at a key moment in the battle but individually, they did not perform well. Several were lost in accidents and those that did see action proved to be inferior in firepower and armour to the armoured vehicles of the German forces. A few days after the beginning of the operation, the tanks were removed from direct engagement with German armour and used only to provide fire support. By August 1944, most of the Tetrarchs in action were replaced with
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landed successfully, 'B' Squadron had more trouble; the area of beach designated for its landing craft was blocked for several hours after a
Tetrarch came loose from a landing craft and became stuck in the sand. The infantry brigades advanced toward Antsirane without the squadron, but eventually two Valentines and a single Tetrarch were dispatched in support, catching up with the lead elements of the infantry near the town of Anamakia. Here the invasion force encountered the first French defences, consisting of camouflaged trenches and
829:. 'C' Squadron remained in Britain, as not enough Hamilcar gliders had been built by the time the division departed to transport its Tetrarchs; the squadron was transferred to the 6th Airborne Division, which had been raised in April 1943, and 'C' Squadron remained with it for the rest of the conflict. The squadron continued to train as an air-portable unit, and participated in a number of exercises to prepare for its new duties, including reconnaissance of enemy positions and counter-attacking enemy infantry and armour.
580:, which specialised in flying the Hamilcars, over 2,800 lifts were made with an average of 50 lifts per crew. Only three incidents resulted in fatalities or injuries, with seven pilots killed during the training. When the Tetrarch was re-designated as an airborne tank, several changes were made to its design. A number of tanks had their 2-pounder guns replaced with a 76.2-millimetre (3.00 in) infantry support howitzer; these tanks were then designated as Tetrarch 1 CS (Close Support). Additionally,
789:; the remaining tanks of 'B' Squadron, two Valentines and three Tetrarchs, remained in defensive positions until the afternoon of 6 May, coming under sporadic artillery fire which disabled another Valentine. The squadron played no further part in the battle, as the Vichy French authorities negotiated a formal surrender the following day, although French troops would continue to engage the British occupying force in guerrilla warfare until late November. 'B' and 'C' Squadrons were embarked onto
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781:; the latter, although not specifically designed for an anti-tank role, could penetrate the armour of both the Tetrarchs and the Valentines. The two Valentines advanced first but were knocked out by artillery fire, and two Tetrarchs that were moving behind them suffered the same fate; the third Tetrarch retreated in order to report on the French resistance, machine gunning a motorcycle combination and a truck it encountered on the way back.
608:, Hopkinson complained that he had been informed that 70 of the tanks were available, whereas only 50 actually remained, with no reserves to replace those lost in combat. This lack of sufficient replacement reserves, combined with a War Office report that some 287 airborne tanks would be required for the 1st Airborne Division and an unnamed airborne division to be formed in India, led to the Tetrarch's eventual replacement by the US
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by advancing from the right-hand side, using several hills as cover; the artillery pieces were able to turn and face the assault, however, and one
Valentine and one Tetrarch were hit and destroyed. The remaining tanks exchanged several volleys of fire with the artillery pieces before retreating back to their original positions. The French line was eventually broken by 29th Brigade, aided by an amphibious assault by
909:. The division was reinforced by British troops who were advancing from the invasion beaches and it began to push through Normandy, while the squadron continued its reconnaissance duties. At this time, Gale decided to avoid, when possible, engaging the Tetrarchs with German armour, as they proved to be completely outclassed by the German tanks and self-propelled guns, such as the
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day. The tanks were ordered to outflank the defences and advance further into the island, and they were soon joined by two other
Tetrarchs dispatched from the beaches; the small force continued to advance until it encountered the Vichy French main line of defence. This had been built prior to the First World War and included camouflaged pillboxes, machine-gun nests and dug-in
917:. Instead, when the division required armoured support, it summoned it from armoured units outside the division, and the Tetrarchs were used to support infantry patrols and provide fire support. By August, in the division's preparation for the planned breakout from the Normandy bridgehead, the majority of Tetrarchs in 'A' Squadron were replaced with
715:, but 'C' Squadron was equipped with twelve Tetrarchs transferred from the 2nd Armoured Brigade, 1st Armoured Division. On 31 July 1941, 'C' Squadron was officially activated and immediately received orders to prepare for overseas service alongside 'A' and 'B' Squadrons in an unspecified tropical climate. All three squadrons were transported to
797:, but in the event they were not used. 'C' Squadron suffered heavy casualties during the invasion; only one Valentine and three Tetrarchs out of twelve tanks were functional by 7 May, and the squadron had suffered seven killed and six wounded. It remained in Madagascar until early 1943, when it was shipped to India and took part in the
653:. However, the faults discovered with the Tetrarch cooling system precluded them from being integrated into units that were sent to the Middle East to participate in the North African Campaign. Shortly after, all light tanks were discarded from the establishments of British armoured divisions as not suitable for further service.
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Because of a lack of equipment training facilities in mid-1940, when the
British airborne establishment was formed, the War Office was able to accept only 500 volunteers for training as airborne troops. Progress in setting up proper training facilities and acquiring suitable transport aircraft was so
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The commander of the
Tetrarch made his report, and was then ordered to take command of four Valentines and two Tetrarchs which had recently arrived and once again attempt to breach the French defences. The tanks followed the road leading to the defensive line and then attempted to out-flank the line
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dug in along a ridge. The tanks attempted to breach them, but the rocky ground made manoeuvring difficult and they could not close with the pillboxes and trenches; they engaged a number of targets with 2-pounder and machine-gun fire, but the line had to be cleared by an infantry assault later in the
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in West Africa; during this period of the war there were fears that the
Spanish government might enter the conflict on the side of Germany, and the force was readied to capture a number of Spanish islands off the coast of Africa if this occurred. These fears proved groundless, and in March 1942, the
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light tank in use at the time, and decided that it was suitable to be used in combat. A number of
Tetrarchs were sent to Tank Training Schools which were subsequently sent into battle, and in September 1943 two were assigned to the 132nd Separated Tank Battalion, which was attached to the 5th Guards
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A number of design faults of the Tetrarch were revealed through its operational use. Its size limited the possible crew to three, a driver in the hull and a gunner and commander in the turret, resulting in too few crew members to operate the Tetrarch effectively. The gunner or commander, in addition
523:
The cumulative effect of these delays resulted in the production of only a small number of Mk VIIs; estimates place the final total produced to be between 100 and 177. The name 'Tetrarch' was given to the Mk VII, on 22 September 1941, on the orders of the War Office. The last of the tanks were built
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Operation Tonga was the last that Tetrarchs saw of active combat. During the first week of October 1944, the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment underwent an extensive reorganization, in which it was completely restructured, and all the remaining Tetrarchs were retired. They were replaced
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program, begun in March 1941 by the United States of America to supply defensive materials to Britain and China, was therefore extended to the USSR. As part of the program, the British government began supplying war materials to the USSR, which in early 1942, included a shipment of 20 Tetrarchs, as
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The Tetrarch experienced several setbacks throughout its development and deployment with the Army and airborne forces. One of the major problems was the limited number of these tanks that existed after production ended in 1942, which particularly affected the airborne forces. The transport of 20 of
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would be an integral component; gliders would transport troops and heavy equipment, which, by 1941, was to include artillery and some form of tank. Plans to transport a tank went through a number of revisions, but, by May 1941, the feasibility of a 5.5 metric tons (5.4 long tons) tank to be carried
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and Hamilcar gliders of the brigade landed at 21:00 on 6 June in a landing zone cleared of obstructions by the 5th Parachute Brigade. The primary tasks of the brigade were to bring in reinforcements and supplies, and to aid the two parachute brigades in consolidating the area held by the division;
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unit. By 1942, there existed specifically trained airborne units, including the 1st Airborne Division, and on 19 January 1942 the War Office decided that a light tank unit would be one of the support units attached to the division. This unit, designated the Light Tank Squadron, was to be formed of
771:
The landings began at 04:30 on 5 May, with 5 Commando landing at Courrier Bay and the three infantry brigades and 'B' Squadron landing at Ambararata Bay. The objective of the infantry brigades and their armoured support was to take control of Antsirane and a nearby town, but although the infantry
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The War Office and the Army were concluding, at this point, that light tanks were a liability and too vulnerable for use in further combat, and the Tetrarch was considered to be obsolete. This decision may have marked the end for the Tetrarch in active service; several of the tanks destined to be
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offered better speed and obstacle crossing performance. Despite this, it was decided that it was essential for some Tetrarchs to be produced, and it was suggested that they be brought in at the end of the light tank program. Accordingly, the War Office gave the Tetrarch the official General Staff
840:
On 13 December 1943, the War Office decided to expand the squadron into a regiment equipped with a combination of light tanks and conventional reconnaissance vehicles such as scout cars, and on 1 April 1944, it was re-designated as the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment. The regiment
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decision to focus military production on infantry and cruiser tanks, due to the poor performance of British light tanks during that battle. Due to the shortage of more suitable tanks, light tanks that were not designed for use against German armour, were nevertheless deployed against them; the
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The number to be produced was subject to fluctuation as the War Office vacillated in their demand; in July 1938, it requested that 70 of the tanks be produced, then increased the request to 120 after a three-day conference in November. Production was to begin in July 1940, but meanwhile the War
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The squadron retrieved all of the remaining Tetrarchs and advanced to the south of the landing zone to link up with the rest of the regiment; there, they received orders to support the 8th Parachute Battalion in the Bois de Bavent area and conduct reconnaissance duties. After linking with the
942:. A report issued by the Director (Air) of the War Office in January 1946 confirmed that the Tetrarch design was considered obsolete, and any light tanks used in post-war airborne formations would be entirely new in design. A small number of Tetrarchs remained in service with the
621:
to his own duties, had to act as loader for the 2-pounder, which caused delays in combat. A report on the tank written in January 1941 stated that as the commander had to both fight and control the tank, controlling a troop of Tetrarchs during combat would be almost impossible.
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for intensive training that focused on embarkation and disembarkation from ships and landing craft to prepare them for action in potential amphibious operations. In early September, elements of 'C' Squadron, including six Tetrarchs, formed part of a force which sailed for
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Tank Brigade; both tanks were destroyed in combat, one on 30 September and the other on 2 October, the latter a casualty of artillery fire. Several were also used for propaganda purposes, appearing in photographs of Soviet troops who were fighting in the
873:, to which the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment was attached, to be landed first; however, aerial photography revealed that anti-glider poles had been erected in the landing zone selected for the brigade. Therefore, Gale decided that the
853:. The operation began on the night of 5 June, with the deployment of 6th Airborne Division to eastern Normandy. It was tasked with protecting the eastern flank of the Allied seaborne landings, securing strategically important areas east of
710:
In mid-1941, the Royal Armoured Corps in Britain created three tank squadrons for special overseas operations, known as 'A', 'B' and 'C' Special Service Squadrons. Both 'A' and 'B' Squadrons were equipped with Valentine Infantry tanks and
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The War Office examined the design and put the prototype through a series of trials during May and June 1938; the model was tested as a possible "light cruiser" since War Office light tank needs were already met by its predecessor, the
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produced by the company. The tank was designed to overcome the shortcomings of insufficient armament in earlier light tanks that were fitted only with machine guns. Vickers-Armstrong installed on the Mk VIIs a 40 mm (1.6 in)
865:, and destroying a coastal artillery battery. Insufficient transport aircraft were available to land all three of the division's brigades simultaneously; one would have to be landed in a second lift later in the day. Major General
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Problems were also found with the Littlejohn adaptor fitted to the 2-pounder to increase its range and penetration power; after they had been fitted the adapters could not be removed, and could only fire specially designed
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resulting high casualties led the War Office to re-evaluate the suitability of the light tank design. The pre-war role of the light tank, that of reconnaissance, meanwhile had been found to be better suited to
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Tucker states that 177 of the Mk VIIs were built during the war, but Flint states that whilst this figure is given in most published sources, surviving War Office documentation gives a lower figure of 100
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specification number A17, and, in November 1938, accepted it for limited production after requesting a few minor changes which included the fitting of an external fuel tank to increase the tank's range.
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Beginning in January 1944, training exercises were conducted carrying the Tetrarchs and their crews inside Hamilcar gliders. These exercises were successful; during the training by 'C' Squadron of the
954:, and a troop of Tetrarchs was kept by the regiment for training exercises with the gliders. However, glider training by the regiment was stopped in 1950 and the Tetrarchs withdrawn from service.
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battalion, the squadron began reconnoitring, and engaged German infantry and armour they encountered. By the end of 7 June, two Tetrarchs had been lost to enemy action, one destroyed by a German
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for 350 miles (560 km) in a glider was accepted, although the aircraft would have to be specifically designed for the task. In a conference held on 16 January 1941, it was decided that the
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for use in overseas amphibious operations, one of which was equipped with Tetrarchs. In May 1942, a small number of Tetrarchs formed part of the British force which participated in
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The Tetrarchs remained in Britain, and would probably have been used as training vehicles before being retired from service, but on 22 June 1941 the German invasion of the USSR,
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Tetrarchs did not see any further combat and were deemed obsolete by 1946; the last was retired in 1950. There were several variations on the Tetrarch design, including the
1860:
The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II: The Comprehensive Guide to Over 1,500 Weapons Systems, Including Tanks, Small Arms, Warplanes, Artillery, Ships and Submarines
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The War Office also considered the Tetrarch's cooling system faulty, making the tank unsuitable for service in hotter climates, such as the Middle East and North Africa.
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The design flaws of the tank, combined with the decision by the War Office not to use light tanks in British armoured divisions, ruled out the use of Tetrarchs in the
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881:(which did not utilise gliders) should land in the first lift to clear the landing zones, allowing the 6th Airlanding Brigade to land in the second lift.
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ordered 70 tanks, an order that eventually increased to 220. Production was delayed by several factors and only 100 to 177 of the tanks were produced.
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report issued in December 1942 stated that approximately 50 Tetrarchs were available for use. In a memorandum, dated January 1943, by Major General
502:, a company part owned by Vickers-Armstrong that would be producing the tanks, indicated it had already ordered armour plating for that many tanks.
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the tanks to the USSR under the Lend-Lease Act depleted the number available for use by airborne forces, as did the loss of several more during
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with the M22 Locust, a purpose-built airborne light tank of American design; eight Locusts were used by the regiment in March 1945 during
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Office temporarily returned to its original order of 70 before increasing the number to 100. The number further increased to 220 after
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British and American Tanks of World War Two: The Complete Illustrated History of British, American, and Commonwealth Tanks 1933–1945
1174:, December 1944, p. 17. Note – article has two errors. One it, mistakenly states the tank loading in the Hamilcar is the American
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as a private venture, and was intended to be sold either to the British Army or to foreign militaries. It was to be the latest in
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were added to those Tetrarchs which still possessed their 2-pounders to increase their muzzle velocity and armour penetration.
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The next assignment, Operation Ironclad, was the invasion of Madagascar, the third largest island in the world and then under
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649:(which was being refitted after losing the majority of its previous tanks during the Battle of France) and the newly formed
573:. The Tetrarch was chosen because it was an obsolete design, and was therefore available to be used by the airborne forces.
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were left in Britain when their cooling systems were determined to be unable to cope with the intense North African heat.
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that used smaller crews and had better road abilities. Further delays were caused by the bombing raids of the
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484:. The War Office then took the view that the tank was not acceptable as a light cruiser because the Nuffield
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Production of the tank was delayed by a number of factors. The War Office put their order on hold in a post-
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2007:
Airborne Armour: Tetrarch, Locust, Hamilcar and the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment 1938–1950
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475:, Commander-in-Chief Home Forces, inspecting a Light Tank Mk VII (Tetrarch) at the Army Staff College, 1941
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airfield the next day; from these two airfields, the regiment would be transported from to participate in
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Hamilcar gliders of 6th Airlanding Brigade arrive on Drop Zone 'N' carrying Tetrarch tanks, 6 June 1944.
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The first Tetrarchs were delivered to the Army in November 1940, and were initially deployed with the
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after it was decided that the design allowed its use as an air-portable light tank to support British
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The prototype of the Light Tank Mk VII (A17), nicknamed 'Purdah', was first developed in 1937 by
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when in fact they are British Tetrarchs. Two, the Hamilcars landed no tanks in Operation Tonga.
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Two Tetrarchs have been preserved and both of these are on display. The first is preserved at
980:, Vickers-Armstrong's proposed successor to the Tetrarch. The Mark VIII was also known as the
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Diagram of a floatation screen fitted to a Tetrarch tank, taken from Straussler's patent,
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decided that Madagascar should be occupied as rapidly as possible to deny the port of
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in mid-1941, as it was considering the equipment to be used by Britain's fledgling
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364:. The majority of the tanks remained in Britain, although twenty were sent to the
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384:, the invasion of Madagascar. In June 1942, Tetrarchs were attached to the
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The Great Tank Scandal: British Armour in the Second World War - Part 1
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unit returned to Britain to join the rest of the squadron in training.
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There were several variants of the Tetrarch design. The first was the
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during May 1941 against the factories where the tanks were assembled.
404:
and became part of the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment.
2939:
2565:
2441:
2231:
1701:
1699:
910:
906:
716:
516:
511:
2837:
2318:
725:
720:
682:
524:
in the first quarter of 1942 and delivered at the end of the year.
266:
1936:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare
1696:
392:. The Tetrarchs were transported and landed in specially-designed
1030:
1018:
The Bovington Tetrarch, displayed within a fuselage section of a
988:
159:
2965:
British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II
396:
gliders. A lack of gliders prevented their participation in the
2943:
2376:
1984:
Universal Tank: British Armour in the Second World War - Part 2
1038:
744:
to Japanese naval forces, which had recently advanced into the
544:
The demise of Tetrarch was prevented by a decision made by the
430:
but none of these were used operationally by the British Army.
2947:
939:
748:. Operation Ironclad was under the command of Major General
2907:
2902:
2189:
1987:
1961:
854:
677:
365:
304:
991:("Tetrarch DD"). The Duplex Drive system was invented by
987:
A second variant on the Tetrarch design was the Tetrarch
1952:
1296:
407:
The division used approximately twenty Tetrarchs during
1250:
1248:
1246:
1837:
Russian Tanks of World War II: Stalin's Armoured Might
2978:
2064:
The Second World War 1939–1945 Army – Airborne Forces
1978:
1705:
1243:
2958:, field conversions of vehicles of various origins
660:began, and the USSR became an ally of Britain. The
1155:
1153:
3004:
1917:The British Reconnaissance Corps in World War II
1895:
816:slow that the first British airborne operation,
2127:Tank Chats #76 Tetrarch Tank by The Tank Museum
2026:The Vickers Tanks: From Landships to Challenger
1150:
857:, capturing several important bridges over the
400:in 1943; instead they were attached to the new
2207:Light tank Mk I, Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV and Mk V
1169:"Huge Gliders Spill Tanks Behind Enemy Lines'"
552:, formed in June 1940 under the orders of the
2162:
2083:Tanks: An Illustrated History of their Impact
1811:. The Tank Museum. Event occurs at 8:01-8:11
1523:A Strange Campaign: The Battle for Madagascar
337:. The Tetrarch was the latest in the line of
2062:Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T. B. H . (1990).
2023:
938:, the airborne operation to cross the river
527:
2024:Foss, Christopher; McKenzie, Peter (1988).
1752:
1750:
1222:
1220:
1218:
836:Side and rear view of a Tetrarch light tank
456:paired with a 7.92 mm (0.312 in)
2169:
2155:
2042:
1933:
1876:
1834:
1782:
1780:
1680:
1678:
1479:
1477:
1458:
1456:
1383:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1348:
1346:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1262:
1260:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
845:, while the rest of the regiment moved to
349:, by introducing the extra firepower of a
3048:Military vehicles introduced in the 1930s
2045:Wings Of War – Airborne Warfare 1918–1945
1896:Chamberlain, Peter; Ellis, Chris (2001).
1798:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
851:the British airborne landings in Normandy
500:Metropolitan Cammell Carriage & Wagon
311:off–road 28 miles per hour (45 km/h)
3023:World War II tanks of the United Kingdom
1747:
1519:
1215:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1013:
961:
883:
831:
698:
629:rounds, which took time to manufacture.
466:
460:, and mounted the two guns in a two-man
345:. It improved upon its predecessor, the
2866:Bedford Cockatrice and Heavy Cockatrice
2099:
1914:
1777:
1675:
1474:
1453:
1378:
1364:
1343:
1314:
1302:
1274:
1272:
1257:
1229:
1132:
1041:. The Bovington tank is fitted with an
415:and the remainder were replaced by the
14:
3005:
2080:
1857:
1201:
1099:
1075:
635:
438:
433:
333:in the late 1930s and used during the
2150:
2061:
2004:
1181:
688:
3018:Interwar tanks of the United Kingdom
1269:
1006:would land on the invasion beaches.
736:control. The Prime Minister and the
279:21.7 hp (16.2 kW) per ton
24:
2855:Australian experimental light tank
2222:Light tank Mk VIII 'Harry Hopkins'
2180:armoured fighting vehicles of the
804:
309:40 miles per hour (64 km/h),
182:13 ft 6 in (4.11 m)
25:
3064:
3013:Light tanks of the United Kingdom
2120:
1934:Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978).
1526:. Shilka Publishing. p. 93.
2988:
1835:Bean, Tim; Fowler, Will (2002).
1520:Phillips, Russell (5 May 2021).
1033:and the other is located at the
42:
2739:Morris Light Reconnaissance Car
2734:Humber Light Reconnaissance Car
2683:Marmon-Herrington Armoured Cars
1877:Buckingham, William F. (2005).
1827:
1789:
1768:
1759:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1687:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1465:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1355:
1334:
1281:
1254:Chamberlain & Ellis, p. 26.
869:had initially intended for the
820:, was conducted by a retrained
705:Littlejohn (or JaneÄŤek) adaptor
2744:Otter Light Reconnaissance Car
1278:Foss & McKenzie, pp. 95–97
1162:
1119:
1096:Bean & Fowler, pp. 148–150
1055:
946:until 1949; a Hamilcar glider
758:29th Independent Brigade Group
615:
144:
13:
1:
2047:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1805:Chris Copson (19 July 2024).
1068:
640:
492:
341:built by the company for the
206:3 (Commander, gunner, driver)
174:16,800 pounds (7,600 kg)
2767:AEC Armoured Command Vehicle
1808:Evolution of Airborne Armour
1297:Fletcher, Great Tank Scandal
1009:
905:and the second by hitting a
36:Light tank Mk VII, Tetrarch
7:
3038:Light tanks of the Cold War
2678:Lanchester 6Ă—4 armoured car
1043:Ordnance QF 3-inch howitzer
957:
928:
537:in the Middle East for the
10:
3069:
2217:Light tank Mk VII Tetrarch
2043:Harclerode, Peter (2005).
1938:. Vol. XVI. Phoebus.
808:
692:
2969:Tanks in the British Army
2926:
2825:
2780:
2757:
2726:
2617:
2578:
2564:
2497:
2459:
2427:
2416:
2367:
2334:
2259:
2197:
2188:
1915:Doherty, Richard (2007).
827:Allied invasion of Sicily
801:as part of 29th Brigade.
567:General Aircraft Hamilcar
528:Transfer to airborne role
424:Alecto self-propelled gun
398:Allied invasion of Sicily
394:General Aircraft Hamilcar
303:
291:
283:
275:
271:165 hp (123 kW)
258:
241:
225:
215:
210:
202:
194:
186:
178:
170:
165:
154:
143:
135:
125:
117:
107:
102:
92:
78:
73:
64:Place of origin
63:
53:
41:
34:
3053:Tanks introduced in 1938
3033:World War II light tanks
2704:Rover Light Armoured Car
2699:Rolls-Royce armoured car
2693:Rhino Heavy Armoured Car
2100:Jackson, Robert (2010).
2081:Tucker, Spencer (2004).
1879:D-Day The First 72 Hours
1706:Fletcher, Universal Tank
1048:
843:Tarrant Rushton airfield
760:, and the 17th and 13th
738:Combined Chiefs of Staff
158:Tetrarch I CS, Tetrarch
2066:. Imperial War Museum.
1127:British Tanks 1915–1945
449:a series of light tanks
319:light tank Mk VII (A17)
299:140 miles (230 km)
2710:Staghound Armoured Car
2672:Indian Pattern Carrier
2654:Greyhound Armoured Car
2630:Boarhound Armoured Car
2404:Vickers Medium Mark II
1858:Bishop, Chris (2002).
1022:
973:
889:
871:6th Airlanding Brigade
837:
779:75 mm artillery pieces
707:
539:North African Campaign
476:
362:North African Campaign
2861:Basilisk Armoured Car
2826:Experimental vehicles
2638:Coventry Armoured Car
2005:Flint, Keith (2006).
1017:
969:U.S. patent 2,390,747
965:
887:
879:5th Parachute Brigade
875:3rd Parachute Brigade
835:
766:5th Infantry Division
702:
651:6th Armoured Division
647:1st Armoured Division
606:1st Airborne Division
578:Glider Pilot Regiment
470:
454:QF 2-pounder main gun
402:6th Airborne Division
386:1st Airborne Division
372:. In early 1941, the
2803:C15TA Armoured Truck
2643:Daimler Armoured Car
2304:Centaur and Cromwell
2178:British Commonwealth
2142:Light Tank: Tetrarch
2028:. Patrick Stephens.
1841:Ian Allan Publishing
713:Mark VIc light tanks
695:Battle of Madagascar
665:well as a number of
658:Operation Barbarossa
598:Royal Armoured Corps
374:Royal Armoured Corps
321:, also known as the
234:QF 2 pounder (40 mm)
3043:History of the tank
2727:Reconnaissance cars
2718:Standard Beaverette
2667:Humber Armoured Car
2104:. Roseb Pub Group.
1414:Fitzsimons, p. 1753
1035:Kubinka Tank Museum
993:Nicholas Straussler
636:Operational history
604:, commander of the
602:George F. Hopkinson
582:Littlejohn adaptors
439:Initial development
434:Development history
198:6 ft 11 in (2.12 m)
2809:Leyland Beaver-Eel
2499:Armoured personnel
2482:M10 tank destroyer
1735:Flint, pp. 122–123
1717:Flint, pp. 119–120
1684:Buckingham, p. 227
1654:Buckingham, p. 226
1636:Harclerode, p. 307
1023:
997:Operation Overlord
978:Light Tank Mk VIII
974:
903:self-propelled gun
890:
838:
818:Operation Colossus
708:
689:Operation Ironclad
592:, the invasion of
590:Operation Ironclad
571:Universal Carriers
477:
445:Vickers-Armstrongs
428:Light Tank Mk VIII
419:in December 1944.
382:Operation Ironclad
331:Vickers-Armstrongs
190:7 ft 7 in (2.31 m)
112:Vickers-Armstrongs
103:Production history
48:Mk VII 'Tetrarch'
27:British light tank
2976:
2975:
2844:AC3 'Thunderbolt'
2753:
2752:
2556:Universal Carrier
2493:
2492:
2472:17pdr SP Achilles
2412:
2411:
2132:WWIIEquipment.com
2111:978-1-4358-3595-5
2035:978-1-85260-141-6
1971:978-0-11-290460-1
1945:978-0-8393-6175-6
1926:978-1-84603-122-9
1287:Tucker, pp. 89–90
1172:Popular Mechanics
950:was stationed at
936:Operation Varsity
915:SturmgeschĂĽtz III
752:and consisted of
750:Robert G. Sturges
558:Winston Churchill
347:Light Tank Mk VIC
315:
314:
16:(Redirected from
3060:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2758:Armoured command
2662:Guy Armoured Car
2648:Fox Armoured Car
2625:AEC Armoured Car
2597:Humber scout car
2576:
2575:
2425:
2424:
2212:Light tank Mk VI
2195:
2194:
2182:Second World War
2171:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2115:
2096:
2077:
2058:
2039:
2020:
2001:
1975:
1949:
1930:
1911:
1892:
1873:
1854:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1673:
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1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1600:Flint, pp. 83–84
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1573:Flint, pp. 75–76
1571:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1546:Flint, pp. 71–72
1544:
1538:
1537:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1492:Flint, pp. 68–69
1490:
1484:
1481:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1441:Flint, pp. 64–65
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:Flint, pp. 63–64
1421:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1405:Flint, pp. 14–15
1403:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1341:
1338:
1332:
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1279:
1276:
1267:
1264:
1255:
1252:
1241:
1238:
1227:
1224:
1213:
1210:
1199:
1196:
1179:
1166:
1160:
1159:Flint, pp. 15–16
1157:
1148:
1145:
1130:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1097:
1094:
1062:
1059:
1029:in Bovington in
971:
847:RAF Brize Norton
795:these operations
533:deployed to the
507:Battle of France
458:Besa machine gun
335:Second World War
325:, was a British
306:
251:Besa machine gun
146:
97:Second World War
46:
37:
32:
31:
21:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2959:
2922:
2881:Bob Semple tank
2821:
2814:White Scout Car
2781:Armoured trucks
2776:
2759:
2749:
2722:
2613:
2591:Dingo scout car
2569:
2560:
2500:
2489:
2455:
2419:
2408:
2399:Sherman Firefly
2363:
2330:
2255:
2184:
2175:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2102:101 Great Tanks
2093:
2074:
2055:
2036:
2017:
1998:
1980:Fletcher, David
1972:
1954:Fletcher, David
1946:
1927:
1908:
1889:
1870:
1851:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1804:
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1379:
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1315:
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1216:
1211:
1202:
1197:
1182:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1133:
1129:Ian Allan p. 41
1124:
1120:
1115:
1100:
1095:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1027:The Tank Museum
1020:Hamilcar glider
1012:
967:
960:
931:
813:
811:Operation Tonga
807:
805:Operation Tonga
793:for use during
791:SS Ocean Viking
697:
691:
643:
638:
627:armour-piercing
618:
550:airborne forces
530:
495:
441:
436:
409:Operation Tonga
390:airborne forces
310:
296:
294:
270:
253:
246:
244:
236:
230:
228:
211:
85:
74:Service history
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3028:Airborne tanks
3025:
3020:
3015:
2998:
2997:
2995:United Kingdom
2974:
2973:
2961:
2960:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
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2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2884:
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2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2847:
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2800:
2795:
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2645:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2602:Lynx Scout Car
2599:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2573:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2418:Self-propelled
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2382:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2336:Infantry tanks
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:Cruiser Mk III
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2121:External links
2119:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2097:
2091:
2078:
2072:
2059:
2053:
2040:
2034:
2021:
2015:
2002:
1996:
1976:
1970:
1950:
1944:
1931:
1925:
1912:
1906:
1893:
1887:
1874:
1868:
1855:
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1829:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1797:
1788:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1726:Doherty, p. 28
1719:
1710:
1695:
1686:
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1067:
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1063:
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1052:
1050:
1047:
1011:
1008:
959:
956:
930:
927:
809:Main article:
806:
803:
799:Burma Campaign
762:brigade groups
754:No. 5 Commando
703:Tetrarch with
693:Main article:
690:
687:
674:Infantry tanks
642:
639:
637:
634:
617:
614:
554:Prime Minister
529:
526:
494:
491:
440:
437:
435:
432:
413:Cromwell tanks
313:
312:
307:
305:Maximum speed
301:
300:
297:
292:
289:
288:
285:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
260:
256:
255:
247:
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204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
166:Specifications
163:
162:
156:
152:
151:
148:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
83:United Kingdom
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
68:United Kingdom
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3065:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2957:
2953:
2952:South African
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:Armoured cars
2616:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Daimler Dingo
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:armoured cars
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:M9 half-track
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:M5 half-track
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:M3 half-track
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:M2 half-track
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Cruiser Mk IV
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:Cruiser Mk II
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2261:Cruiser tanks
2258:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Vickers 6-ton
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2092:1-57607-995-3
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2073:0-901627-57-7
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2054:0-304-36730-3
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2016:1-874622-37-X
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1997:0-11-290534-X
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1907:0-7110-2898-2
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1888:0-7524-2842-X
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1869:1-58663-762-2
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1850:0-7110-2898-2
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1774:Flint, p. 193
1771:
1765:Flint, p. 192
1762:
1756:Flint, p. 138
1753:
1751:
1744:Flint, p. 125
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1708:, p. 98.
1707:
1702:
1700:
1693:Flint, p. 115
1690:
1681:
1679:
1672:Flint, p. 106
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1535:
1533:9781912680276
1529:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1489:
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1478:
1468:
1459:
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1402:
1393:
1384:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1299:, p. 42.
1298:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1226:Tucker, p. 89
1223:
1221:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1198:Bishop, p. 24
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1147:Tucker, p. 90
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
983:
982:Harry Hopkins
979:
972:, issued 1945
970:
964:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
926:
924:
923:cruiser tanks
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
898:
895:
886:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
834:
830:
828:
823:
819:
812:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:Royal Marines
782:
780:
775:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
727:
722:
718:
714:
706:
701:
696:
686:
684:
679:
675:
672:
668:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
633:
630:
628:
622:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
525:
521:
519:
518:
513:
508:
503:
501:
490:
487:
483:
474:
469:
465:
463:
459:
455:
450:
446:
431:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:formed three
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
308:
302:
298:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
268:
264:
261:
257:
252:
248:
240:
235:
232:
224:
221:14 mm maximum
220:
218:
214:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
142:
138:
134:
131:
130:Metro-Cammell
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
18:Tetrarch tank
3000:
2963:Background:
2962:
2931:
2892:Hillman Gnat
2876:Black Prince
2816:
2712:
2656:
2632:
2608:S1 Scout Car
2545:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2514:Loyd Carrier
2484:
2444:
2393:
2379:
2369:Medium tanks
2269:Cruiser Mk I
2250:
2242:
2234:
2232:M3/M5 Stuart
2101:
2085:. ABC-CLIO.
2082:
2063:
2044:
2025:
2006:
1983:
1957:
1935:
1916:
1897:
1878:
1862:. Sterling.
1859:
1836:
1828:Bibliography
1813:. Retrieved
1807:
1800:
1795:Flint, p. 19
1791:
1786:Flint, p. 18
1770:
1761:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1689:
1668:
1663:Flint, p. 98
1659:
1650:
1645:Flint, p. 97
1641:
1632:
1627:Flint, p. 96
1623:
1618:Flint, p. 88
1614:
1609:Flint, p. 84
1605:
1596:
1591:Flint, p. 80
1587:
1582:Flint, p. 77
1578:
1569:
1564:Otway, p. 63
1560:
1555:Otway, p. 30
1551:
1542:
1522:
1515:
1510:Flint, p. 71
1506:
1501:Flint, p. 70
1497:
1488:
1483:Flint, p. 68
1471:Flint, p. 67
1467:
1462:Flint, p. 66
1450:Flint, p. 65
1446:
1437:
1432:Flint, p. 63
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1396:Flint, p. 83
1392:
1387:Flint, p. 82
1375:Flint, p. 14
1361:Flint, p. 86
1357:
1352:Flint, p. 15
1340:Otway, p, 21
1336:
1331:Flint, p. 13
1311:Flint, p. 16
1292:
1283:
1266:Flint, p. 10
1240:Flint, p. 11
1171:
1164:
1126:
1121:
1116:Flint, p. 12
1057:
1024:
1004:medium tanks
989:Duplex Drive
986:
975:
952:RAF Fairford
932:
899:
891:
867:Richard Gale
839:
814:
783:
770:
746:Indian Ocean
734:Vichy French
731:
709:
671:Matilda Mk I
655:
644:
631:
623:
619:
586:
575:
543:
531:
522:
515:
504:
496:
478:
471:General Sir
442:
421:
406:
359:
343:British Army
329:produced by
322:
318:
316:
276:Power/weight
254:2,025 rounds
126:Manufacturer
87:Soviet Union
79:Used by
29:
2956:New Zealand
2793:Bedford OXA
2248:M24 Chaffee
2199:Light tanks
2137:Tank Museum
1900:. Cassell.
1212:Flint, p. 9
944:3rd Hussars
863:River Dives
616:Performance
535:Eighth Army
473:Alan Brooke
368:as part of
339:light tanks
293:Operational
287:Coil spring
147: built
3007:Categories
2940:Australian
2936:lend-lease
2772:Guy Lizard
2688:Morris CS9
2579:Scout cars
2566:Scout cars
2349:Matilda II
2309:Challenger
2289:Covenanter
2240:M22 Locust
2009:. Helion.
1919:. Osprey.
1881:. Tempus.
1176:M22 Locust
1069:References
1001:M4 Sherman
859:Caen Canal
662:Lend-Lease
641:Lend-lease
610:M22 Locust
594:Madagascar
546:War Office
512:scout cars
493:Production
486:A13 design
417:M22 Locust
370:Lend-Lease
355:War Office
327:light tank
284:Suspension
58:Light tank
2934:American
2897:Schofield
2887:Excelsior
2788:Armadillo
2460:anti-tank
2420:artillery
2385:Grizzly I
2377:Grant/Lee
2359:Churchill
2354:Valentine
2344:Matilda I
1125:White BT
1010:Survivors
911:Panzer IV
774:pillboxes
742:Antsirane
667:Valentine
517:Luftwaffe
378:squadrons
353:gun. The
351:2-pounder
243:Secondary
237:50 rounds
139:1938–1942
2944:Canadian
2913:Tortoise
2760:vehicles
2551:Terrapin
2509:Kangaroo
2501:carriers
2325:Sentinel
2299:Cavalier
2294:Crusader
1982:(1989).
1956:(1989).
958:Variants
929:Post-war
919:Cromwell
913:and the
822:Commando
726:Freetown
721:Scotland
717:Inverary
685:region.
683:Caucasus
426:and the
323:Tetrarch
249:7.92 mm
245:armament
229:armament
155:Variants
136:Produced
118:Designed
108:Designer
2918:Valiant
2871:Avenger
2391:Sherman
1815:22 July
1031:England
999:, when
562:gliders
482:Mark VI
263:Meadows
150:100–177
2981:Portal
2948:Indian
2850:Alecto
2477:Archer
2467:Deacon
2450:Sexton
2442:Priest
2437:Bishop
2108:
2089:
2070:
2051:
2032:
2013:
1994:
1968:
1942:
1923:
1904:
1885:
1866:
1847:
1530:
1039:Russia
948:flight
462:turret
269:petrol
259:Engine
217:Armour
195:Height
179:Length
2950:, SA
2930:Key:
2908:TOG 2
2903:TOG 1
2798:Bison
2429:field
2314:Comet
2190:Tanks
1049:Notes
940:Rhine
921:fast
894:Horsa
764:from
295:range
187:Width
2954:, ¶
2946:, §
2942:, ‡
2938:, â€
2106:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2049:ISBN
2030:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1988:HMSO
1966:ISBN
1962:HMSO
1940:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1902:ISBN
1883:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1817:2024
1528:ISBN
907:mine
892:The
877:and
861:and
855:Caen
678:T-70
669:and
596:. A
366:USSR
317:The
265:MAT
227:Main
203:Crew
171:Mass
121:1938
93:Wars
54:Type
2838:AC4
2833:A20
2568:and
2319:Ram
1037:in
719:in
267:H12
145:No.
3009::
2967:,
1990:.
1986:.
1964:.
1960:.
1843:.
1839:.
1779:^
1749:^
1698:^
1677:^
1476:^
1455:^
1380:^
1366:^
1345:^
1316:^
1304:^
1271:^
1259:^
1245:^
1231:^
1217:^
1203:^
1183:^
1152:^
1134:^
1101:^
1077:^
1045:.
756:,
612:.
556:,
160:DD
2983::
2932:*
2899:¶
2883:¶
2857:â€
2846:â€
2840:â€
2817:*
2805:‡
2746:‡
2713:*
2706:â€
2695:â€
2674:§
2657:*
2650:‡
2633:*
2610:â€
2604:‡
2593:â€
2546:*
2538:*
2530:*
2522:*
2485:*
2452:‡
2445:*
2394:*
2387:‡
2380:*
2327:â€
2321:‡
2251:*
2243:*
2235:*
2170:e
2163:t
2156:v
2114:.
2095:.
2076:.
2057:.
2038:.
2019:.
2000:.
1974:.
1948:.
1929:.
1910:.
1891:.
1872:.
1853:.
1819:.
1536:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
