195:
140:
35:
420:
O. The interior of the sheets do indeed consist of square-planar palladium ions linked by head-to-tail disordered bridging cyanide groups to form 4,4-nets. These sheets are approximately 3 nm x 3 nm in size and are terminated by an equal number of water and cyanide groups maintaining the
421:
charge neutrality of the sheets. These sheets then stack with very little long range order resulting in Bragg diffraction patterns with very broad peaks. The Pd-C and Pd-N bond lengths, determined using total neutron diffraction, are both 1.98 Γ
.
566:
for is > 500,000 Ms, whereas exchanges more slowly at 26 Ms. Such associative reactions are characterized by large negative entropies of activation, in this case: -178 and -143 kJ/(molΒ·K) for Pd and Pt, respectively.
412:, at 2222 cm, is typical of bridging cyanide ion. It is now known that the compound commonly known as "palladium(II) cyanide" is in fact a nanocrystaline material better described using the formula Pd(CN)
455:
In the above equation, L is 1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecane ("2,3,2-tet") was found to have a value of log K = 14.5. Combination with the formation of the palladium complex with the tetradentate ligand
562:. The associative mechanism of exchange entails rate-limiting attack of cyanide on , possibly with the intermediacy of a highly reactive pentacoordinate species . By comparison, the
574:
has few uses. It has been demonstrated to facilitate the synthesis of alkenyl nitriles from olefins. and as a catalyst in the regioselective reaction between cyanotrimethylsilane and
1976:
1119:
849:
K. Imi; N. Yanagihara; K. Utimoto (1987). "Reactions of
Cyanotrimethylsilane with Oxiranes. Effects of Catalysts or Mediators on Regioselectivity and Ambident Character".
2178:
2227:
2214:
1922:
1721:
2268:
2204:
2194:
1960:
2237:
2059:
1502:
2278:
2159:
2044:
1913:
1712:
2168:
2021:
1788:
1731:
2149:
1813:
1679:
1375:
1903:
1592:
1893:
1825:
2291:
2000:
1883:
1779:
762:
Harrington, James M.; Jones, S. Bart; Hancock, Robert D. (2005). "Determination of formation constants for complexes of very high stability: log Ξ²
1385:
2049:
1457:
895:
244:
821:
Y. Odaira; T. Oishi; T. Yukawa; S. Tsutsumi (1966). "The
Synthesis of Olefinic Cyanides from Olefins by Means of Palladium(II) Cyanide".
1151:
951:
918:
2364:
97:
17:
1329:
793:
J. J. Pesek; W. R. Mason (1983). "Cyanide
Exchange Kinetics for Planar Tetracyanometalate Complexes by Carbon-13 NMR".
888:
635:
S. J. Hibble; A. M. Chippindale; E. J. Bilbe; E. Marelli; P. J. F. Harris; A. C. Hannon (2011). "Structures of Pd(CN)
209:
1841:
1608:
1201:
357:
408:, which are bonded through both the carbon and nitrogen atoms. The CN vibration in the infrared spectra of Pd(CN)
2369:
441:
1185:
1009:
2354:
881:
135:
1107:
173:
392:. This precipitated palladium cyanide which was then ignited to recover palladium metalβa new element.
494:
The affinity of Pd(II) for cyanide is so great that palladium metal is attacked by cyanide solutions:
1236:
1077:
1307:
190:
2013:
1259:
2253:
1511:
1322:
1279:
1049:
1033:
385:
1526:
1099:
1094:
1065:
1041:
1025:
997:
47:
1702:
1293:
1057:
746:
377:
117:
73:
8:
2034:
1754:
1650:
1089:
904:
559:
194:
139:
63:
749:(2,2,2-tet) but has an additional methylene group between the two central nitrogen atoms
384:
compound isolated in pure form. In his attempts to produce pure platinum metal in 1804,
1641:
563:
430:
2359:
1687:
1575:
1565:
1492:
1482:
1467:
1393:
1315:
823:
661:
609:
161:
1808:
1798:
1663:
1619:
1555:
1422:
1412:
1400:
1354:
859:
831:
803:
775:
696:
653:
617:
587:
521:
506:
334:
267:
634:
2009:
1942:
1932:
1873:
1740:
1580:
1370:
943:
405:
1993:
1947:
1868:
1672:
1542:
1477:
1436:
1426:
524:. That exchange occurs at all illustrates the ability of some compounds to be
400:
It had long been suspected that the structure of palladium cyanide consists of
388:
added mercuric cyanide to a solution prepared by dissolving impure platinum in
351:
779:
2348:
1773:
851:
529:
401:
323:
310:
128:
1692:
1633:
1626:
1546:
795:
688:
665:
645:
607:
R. B. Janes (1935). "The
Diamagnetic Susceptibilities of Palladium Salts".
491:
This appears to be the highest formation constant known for any metal ion.
1536:
863:
835:
807:
700:
621:
1453:
389:
282:
108:
873:
657:
1337:
820:
381:
350:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
575:
528:(fast reactions) but also stable (high formation constants). The
520:
Exchange of between free cyanide ion and has been evaluated by C
96:
34:
1447:
1339:
300:
148:
525:
509:" for the extraction of gold, although in the latter reaction O
848:
682:
R. D. Hancock; A. Evers (1976). "Formation
Constant of Pd(CN)
86:
1179:
178:
942:
792:
761:
681:
429:Palladium dicyanide is insoluble in water with a
372:is the inorganic compound with the formula Pd(CN)
2346:
160:
558:The bimolecular kinetics implicate a so-called
315:decomposes above 400C, compleat by 460C under N
72:
1323:
889:
643:: Intrinsically Nanocrystaline Materials".
606:
424:
1330:
1316:
896:
882:
193:
138:
116:
903:
189:
14:
2347:
1360:
1338:Salts and covalent derivatives of the
129:
2138:
1311:
877:
513:is proposed to be involved, to give H
505:This reaction is reminiscent of the "
221:Key: XDASSWBZWFFNPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
677:
675:
757:
755:
231:Key: XDASSWBZWFFNPX-UHFFFAOYAK
151:
24:
25:
2381:
672:
498:Pd(s) + 2 H + 4 CN β + H
440:The equilibrium constant for the
404:Pd(II) centers linked by cyanide
344:in alkalimetal cyanide solutions
752:
218:InChI=1S/2CN.Pd/c2*1-2;/q2*-1;+2
33:
354:(at 25 Β°C , 100 kPa).
228:InChI=1/2CN.Pd/c2*1-2;/q2*-1;+2
842:
814:
786:
707:
628:
600:
13:
1:
2365:Two-dimensional nanomaterials
1180:Organopalladium(II) compounds
593:
395:
305:2.813 g/cm (He pycnometery)
7:
581:
287:158.455 g/mol
10:
2386:
2140:
713:The tetramine 2,3,2-tet, H
340:insoluble in water, forms
1362:
1347:
1271:
1252:
1229:
990:
911:
780:10.1016/j.ica.2005.06.081
532:is described as follows:
376:. A grey solid, it is a
348:
260:
240:
205:
56:
46:
41:
32:
425:Properties and reactions
768:Inorganica Chimica Acta
370:Palladium(II) dicyanide
51:Palladium(2+) dicyanide
2370:Coordination polymers
747:triethylenetetramine
442:competition reaction
380:. It was the first
378:coordination polymer
28:Palladium dicyanide
2355:Palladium compounds
905:Palladium compounds
864:10.1021/jo00382a008
836:10.1021/ja00969a047
808:10.1021/ic00162a039
701:10.1021/ic50158a063
622:10.1021/ja01306a025
560:associative pathway
335:Solubility in water
29:
18:Tetracyanopalladate
431:solubility product
358:Infobox references
27:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2335:
1305:
1304:
1225:
1224:
986:
985:
830:(17): 4105β4106.
824:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
802:(20): 2958β2959.
774:(15): 4473β4480.
658:10.1021/ic101358q
610:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
366:Chemical compound
364:
363:
295:pale grey powder
174:CompTox Dashboard
98:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
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1308:
1177:
1176:
940:
939:
898:
891:
884:
875:
874:
868:
867:
858:(6): 1013β1016.
846:
840:
839:
818:
812:
811:
790:
784:
783:
759:
750:
745:, is similar to
711:
705:
704:
679:
670:
669:
632:
626:
625:
604:
588:Nickel dicyanide
522:NMR spectroscopy
478:
474:
450:
406:bridging ligands
268:Chemical formula
198:
197:
182:
180:
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26:
21:
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2228:
2219:
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2209:
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2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2164:
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2026:
2022:
2017:
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1980:
1965:
1961:
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1948:
1927:
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1874:
1863:
1859:
1845:
1830:
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1814:
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1787:
1784:
1780:
1778:
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1767:
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1759:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1726:
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1717:
1713:
1707:
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1693:
1683:
1678:
1676:
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1668:
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1306:
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1297:
1283:
1267:
1263:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
982:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
944:Organopalladium
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
907:
902:
872:
871:
847:
843:
819:
815:
791:
787:
766:for the ion".
765:
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740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
685:
680:
673:
642:
638:
633:
629:
605:
601:
596:
584:
573:
551:
544:
516:
512:
507:cyanide process
501:
486:
482:
476:
472:
463:O, log K = 47.9
462:
459:+ L β PdL + 4 H
448:
436:
427:
419:
415:
411:
398:
386:W. H. Wollaston
375:
367:
360:
355:
343:
337:
318:
276:
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236:
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103:
90:
79:
66:
52:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
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2256:
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1233:
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1227:
1226:
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1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
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1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
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763:
751:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
706:
683:
671:
652:(1): 104β113.
640:
636:
627:
616:(3): 471β473.
598:
597:
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583:
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571:
556:
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352:standard state
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186:
184:
172:
169:
168:
166:
165:
157:
155:
147:
144:
143:
133:
125:
124:
122:
121:
113:
111:
105:
104:
102:
101:
93:
91:
84:
81:
80:
78:
77:
69:
67:
62:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
44:
43:
39:
38:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2382:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
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2350:
2331:
2328:
2325:
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2319:
2316:
2313:
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2307:
2304:
2302:
2290:
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2221:
2213:
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2201:
2193:
2190:
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2166:
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2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
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2100:
2097:
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2088:
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2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
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2068:
2066:
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2048:
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2041:
2032:
2020:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1981:
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1972:
1969:
1967:
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1956:
1954:
1946:
1944:
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1936:
1934:
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1929:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1890:
1882:
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852:J. Org. Chem.
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564:rate constant
561:
548:
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530:reaction rate
527:
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324:Boiling point
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130:ECHA InfoCard
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1288:
1287:hypothetical
1278:
855:
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844:
827:
822:
816:
799:
796:Inorg. Chem.
794:
788:
771:
767:
709:
695:(4): 995β6.
692:
689:Inorg. Chem.
687:
649:
646:Inorg. Chem.
644:
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369:
368:
57:Identifiers
292:Appearance
261:Properties
136:100.016.364
2349:Categories
639:and Pt(CN)
594:References
390:aqua regia
283:Molar mass
109:ChemSpider
85:3D model (
64:CAS Number
48:IUPAC name
1230:Pd(II,IV)
475:CN β + 4
451:CN β + L
396:Structure
382:palladium
74:2035-66-7
2360:Cyanides
1010:Pd((COCH
998:Pd(OCOCH
666:21117699
582:See also
576:oxiranes
545:, where
483:O, log Ξ²
433:of log K
2141:
1340:cyanide
1194:CHPdCl)
538:rate =
487:= 62.3.
447:PdL + 4
437:= β42.
301:Density
277:
162:6093464
149:PubChem
2280:Th(CN)
2270:Ac(CN)
2255:Yb(CN)
2239:Ho(CN)
2229:Dy(CN)
2216:Gd(CN)
2206:Eu(CN)
2196:Sm(CN)
2180:Pr(CN)
2170:Ce(CN)
2161:Ce(CN)
2151:La(CN)
2061:Bi(CN)
2051:Pb(CN)
2036:Hg(CN)
2014:Au(CN)
2001:Pt(CN)
1994:Pt(CN)
1962:Lu(CN)
1949:Ba(CN)
1924:Te(CN)
1915:Te(CN)
1905:Sb(CN)
1895:Sn(CN)
1885:In(CN)
1875:Cd(CN)
1860:Pd(CN)
1842:Mo(CN)
1815:Sr(CN)
1790:Se(CN)
1781:(SeCN)
1733:As(CN)
1723:Ge(CN)
1714:Ge(CN)
1704:Ga(CN)
1694:Zn(CN)
1680:Ni(CN)
1673:Ni(CN)
1665:Ni(CN)
1651:Co(CN)
1643:Co(CN)
1634:Fe(CN)
1627:Fe(CN)
1620:Fe(CN)
1609:Cr(CN)
1594:Sc(CN)
1582:Ca(CN)
1504:Si(CN)
1494:Al(CN)
1484:Mg(CN)
1377:Be(CN)
1272:Pd(VI)
1253:Pd(IV)
1152:Pd(P(C
1078:Pd(ClO
1042:Pd(CN)
991:Pd(II)
919:Pd(P(C
664:
570:Pd(CN)
552:120 Ms
526:labile
477:
473:
467:gives
449:
273:Pd(CN)
252:.#N.#N
245:SMILES
42:Names
1977:W(CN)
1827:Y(CN)
1557:S(CN)
1548:(SCN)
1528:P(CN)
1459:O(CN)
1394:C(CN)
1386:B(CN)
1210:)Pd(C
1066:Pd(NO
912:Pd(0)
733:NH(CH
725:NH(CH
416:0.29H
210:InChI
118:67420
87:JSmol
2297:(CN)
2045:TlCN
2027:(CN)
2010:AuCN
1943:CsCN
1869:AgCN
1809:RbCN
1799:BrCN
1775:SeCN
1768:AsCN
1750:AsCN
1688:CuCN
1566:ClCN
1543:-NCS
1521:SiCN
1478:NaCN
1454:-NCO
1423:ONCN
1405:(CN)
1371:LiCN
1294:PdAs
1186:((CH
1144:PdCl
1120:Fe(C
1112:PdCl
1100:PdSO
1034:PdCl
1026:PdBr
717:N(CH
662:PMID
342:(aq)
328:N/A
2332:No
2329:Md
2326:Fm
2323:Es
2320:Cf
2317:Bk
2314:Cm
2311:Am
2308:Pu
2305:Np
2288:Pa
2265:**
2250:Tm
2247:Er
2224:Tb
2191:Pm
2188:Nd
2134:Og
2131:Ts
2128:Lv
2125:Mc
2122:Fl
2119:Nh
2116:Cn
2113:Rg
2110:Ds
2107:Mt
2104:Hs
2101:Bh
2098:Sg
2095:Db
2092:Rf
2089:Lr
2086:**
2083:Ra
2080:Fr
2075:Rn
2072:At
2069:Po
1990:Ir
1987:Os
1984:Re
1973:Ta
1970:Hf
1937:Xe
1933:ICN
1855:Rh
1852:Ru
1849:Tc
1838:Nb
1835:Zr
1803:Kr
1742:(CH
1616:Mn
1602:Ti
1576:KCN
1570:Ar
1538:SCN
1513:(CH
1472:Ne
1468:FCN
1449:OCN
1432:NCN
1365:He
1355:HCN
1342:ion
1280:PdF
1260:PdF
1128:P(C
1095:PdS
1090:PdO
1058:PdI
1050:PdF
1018:CH)
976:CO)
956:((C
860:doi
832:doi
804:doi
776:doi
772:358
697:doi
686:".
654:doi
618:doi
517:O.
471:+ 4
179:EPA
152:CID
2351::
2293:UO
2146:*
2023:Hg
1957:*
1756:(C
1605:V
1442:CN
1418:CN
1414:NH
1237:Pd
1202:(C
1168:Cl
1108:Na
952:Pd
856:52
828:88
800:22
770:.
754:^
741:NH
693:15
674:^
660:.
650:50
614:57
578:.
435:sp
2299:2
2295:2
2282:4
2272:3
2257:3
2241:3
2231:3
2218:3
2208:3
2198:3
2182:3
2172:4
2163:3
2153:3
2063:3
2053:2
2038:2
2029:2
2025:2
2016:2
2003:6
1996:4
1979:8
1964:3
1951:2
1926:4
1917:2
1907:3
1897:2
1887:3
1877:2
1862:2
1844:8
1829:3
1817:2
1792:2
1783:2
1766:2
1764:)
1762:5
1760:H
1758:6
1748:2
1746:)
1744:3
1735:3
1725:4
1716:2
1706:3
1696:2
1682:4
1675:4
1667:2
1656:5
1645:2
1636:6
1629:6
1622:2
1611:6
1596:3
1584:2
1559:2
1550:2
1530:3
1519:3
1517:)
1515:3
1506:4
1496:3
1486:2
1461:2
1440:3
1438:N
1430:2
1428:O
1416:4
1407:2
1403:2
1401:C
1396:4
1388:3
1379:2
1331:e
1324:t
1317:v
1296:2
1289:)
1285:(
1282:6
1262:4
1243:6
1241:F
1239:2
1218:)
1216:5
1214:H
1212:3
1208:5
1206:H
1204:5
1196:2
1192:2
1190:)
1188:2
1170:2
1166:2
1164:)
1162:3
1160:)
1158:5
1156:H
1154:6
1146:2
1142:2
1140:)
1138:2
1136:)
1134:5
1132:H
1130:6
1126:4
1124:H
1122:5
1114:4
1110:2
1102:4
1084:2
1082:)
1080:4
1072:2
1070:)
1068:3
1060:2
1052:2
1044:2
1036:2
1028:2
1020:2
1016:2
1014:)
1012:3
1004:2
1002:)
1000:3
978:3
974:2
972:)
970:2
968:H
966:2
964:C
962:5
960:H
958:6
954:2
933:4
931:)
929:3
927:)
925:5
923:H
921:6
897:e
890:t
883:v
866:.
862::
838:.
834::
810:.
806::
782:.
778::
764:4
743:2
739:2
737:)
735:2
731:3
729:)
727:2
723:2
721:)
719:2
715:2
703:.
699::
684:4
668:.
656::
641:2
637:2
624:.
620::
572:2
550:2
547:k
543:2
540:k
515:2
511:2
500:2
485:4
481:2
479:H
461:2
418:2
414:2
410:2
374:2
317:2
275:2
181:)
177:(
89:)
20:)
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