Huineng - Knowledge

1624: 1645: 2038:"The Sixth Patriarch Cutting the Bamboo" depicts the process that Huineng went through to attain enlightenment, and exemplifies Huineng's concentration and contemplation in doing so through the process of chopping bamboo. This particular enlightenment moment of his is only documented in this painting, and not in any literary sources. He holds an ax in his right hand, and extends his left arm to steady a stalk of bamboo while scrutinizing it. The brushstrokes are loose and free but construct a simplistic and lively image: they indicate a subtle motion of pulling the bamboo towards him. Huineng wears a shirt with sleeves rolled up, which is suggested by the crease at the edges of the shoulders. He puts his extra cloth into a hair bun. The light and dark ink indicate gradation and contrast, and the light shadow on his right arm and body of bamboo implies the source of light. 1942:

Huineng's sermon was a narrative by Fahai, who addressed a few interviews between Huineng and his disciples, including Shenhui. It is likely that "much of the Platform Sutra was built on the inventions of Shenhui," and the textual evidence suggests that "the work was written soon after his death." After Huineng's death, Shenhui wanted to claim his authority over Chan Buddhism, but his position was challenged by Shenxiu and Puji, who supported the Northern lineage that taught gradual enlightenment. It is reasonable to assume that this autobiography was likely an attempt by Shenhui to relate himself to the most renowned figures in Zen Buddhism, which essentially enabled him to connect to the

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talk that includes an autobiography of Huineng, which was a hagiography, i.e. a biography of a saint portraying him as a hero.This pseudoautobiography was written to give authority to the teachings of Huineng. The Sutra became a very popular text, and was circulated widely in an attempt to increase the importance of the Huineng lineage. As a result, the account might have been altered over the centuries. Shenhui (685-758) was the first person to claim that Huineng was both a saint and a hero. As a result of this contested claim, modifications were made to the Platform Sutra, a manuscript copy of which was later found at

1866: 1927: 1953:"As far as can be determined from surviving evidence, Shenhui possessed little or no reliable information on Huineng except that he was a disciple of Hongren, lived in Shaozhou, and was regarded by some Chan followers as a teacher of only regional importance." It seems that Shenhui invented the figure of Huineng for himself to become the "true heir of the single line of transmission from the Buddha in the Southern lineage," and this appears to be the only way he could have done so. 6047: 1852:

up. Just be without false thoughts and the nature is pure of itself. If you activate your mind to become attached to purity, you will only generate the falseness of purity. The false is without location; it is the concentration that is false. Purity is without shape and characteristics; you only create the characteristics of purity and say this is ‘effort’ . To have such a view is to obscure one’s own fundamental nature, and only to be fettered by purity.

1795:) must flow freely. How could it be stagnated? When the mind does not reside in the dharmas, one’s enlightenment flows freely. For the mind to reside in the dharmas is called ‘fettering oneself.’ If you say that always sitting without moving is it, then you’re just like Śāriputra meditating in the forest, for which he was scolded by Vimalakīrti!" Similarly, the alleged Northern school's emphasis on quiet contemplation was criticized by Huineng thus: 219: 6058: 1966: 1284: 3456: 3443: 1758:

basic features of life in the world. Rather, for Huineng, non-attribute has a this-worldly orientation which affirms human experience and the world of characteristics. It does not mean literally to be without any attributes at all, but rather to be free of attributes while right in the midst of attributes. To differentiate and distinguish the various phenomena of the world, and yet to regard them all as the same, is to have

3433: 2016: 1311:. Most modern scholars doubt the historicity of traditional biographies and works written about Huineng, considering his extended biography to be a legendary narrative based on a historical person of "merely regional significance," of whom very little is known. This legendary narrative reflects historical and religious developments which took place in the century after his life and death. 254: 1779:

attached to, similar to space. However, as Ziporyn points out, Huineng's teaching of non-abiding puts a spin on the motionlessness of the spacelike self-nature. That is, unlike the traditional Buddhist emphasis on stillness and quiescence, which register no attributes and give rise to no activity; for Huineng, non-abiding means that true motionlessness is a kind of hyperintense

1736:", the "pure and unattached mind" which "comes and goes freely and functions fluently without any hindrance". It does not mean that one does not think at all, but is "a highly attentive yet unentangled way of being an open, non-conceptual state of mind that allows one to experience reality directly, as it truly is." Regarding non-thought, Huineng says: 1428:." He inquired about the reason that the Diamond Sutra was chanted, and the person stated that he came from the Eastern Meditation Monastery in Huangmei District of the province of Qi, where the Fifth Patriarch of Chan lived and delivered his teachings. Huineng's customer paid his ten silver taels and suggested that he meet the Fifth Patriarch of Chan. 1334:...a wonderful melange of early Chan teachings, a virtual repository of the entire tradition up to the second half of the eighth century. At the heart of the sermon is the same understanding of the Buddha-nature that we have seen in texts attributed to Bodhidharma and Hongren, including the idea that the fundamental Buddha-nature is 1741:

sense-objects. When our mind works freely without any hindrance, and is at liberty to come or to go, we attain samādhi of prajñā, or liberation. Such a state is called the function of thoughtlessness. But to refrain from thinking of anything, so that all thoughts are suppressed, is to be dharma-ridden, and this is an erroneous view.

1766:捨). As Brook Ziporyn observes, for Huineng, our self-nature is free of attributes, not in the sense of excluding them, but in the sense of embracing them all without attaching to them. In this way, our self-nature can be compared to space, while particular attributes are like the things appearing in that space. 1632:

Hongren showed Huineng the route to leave the monastery, and rowed Huineng across the river to assist his escape. Huineng immediately responded with a clear understanding of Hongren's purpose in doing so, and demonstrated that he could ferry to "the other shore" with the Dharma that had been transmitted to him.

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Shenxiu, the leading disciple of the Fifth Patriarch, composed a stanza, but did not have the courage to present it to the master. Instead, he wrote his stanza on the south corridor wall one day at midnight to remain anonymous. The other monks saw the stanza and commended it. Shenxiu's stanza is as follows:

2035:, who left his position as the court painter in Jia Tai's court to practice Chan. These paintings depict Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Chan Buddhism. The protagonist occupies the lower central portion of both paintings, with his face turned to the side, so that his facial features are not portrayed. 1773:

Learned Audience, the illimitable void of the universe is capable of holding myriads of things of various shape and form, such as the sun, the moon, stars, mountains, rivers, men, dharmas pertaining to goodness or badness, deva planes, hells, great oceans, and all the mountains of the Mahāmeru. Space

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Thoughtlessness is to see and to know all dharmas with a mind free from attachment. When in use it pervades everywhere, and yet it sticks nowhere. What we have to do is to purify our mind so that the six vijñānas , in passing through the six gates , will neither be defiled by nor attached to the six

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The Dharma was passed to Huineng at night, when the Patriarch transmitted "the doctrine of sudden enlightenment" as well as his robe and bowl to Huineng. He told Huineng, “You are now the Sixth Patriarch. Take care of yourself, save as many sentient beings as you can, and spread the teachings so they

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According to Huineng's autobiography in the Platform Sutra, Huineng's father was from Fanyang, but he was banished from his government position and died at a young age. Huineng and his mother were left in poverty and moved to Nanhai, where Huineng sold firewood to support his family. One day, Huineng

1915:. According to Zongmi, Shenhui's approach was officially sanctioned in 796, when "an imperial commission determined that the Southern line of Ch'an represented the orthodox transmission and established Shen-hui as the seventh patriarch, placing an inscription to that effect in the Shen-lung temple". 1823:

As Gregory points out, Huineng's oneness of meditation and wisdom is a sudden practice, as it does not treat meditation, or concentration, as a means of achieving wisdom. For that would be to understand meditation and wisdom dualistically. Moreover, using meditation as a means takes enlightenment as

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The Sixth Patriarch reached the Tayu Mountains within two months, and realized that hundreds of men were following him, attempting to rob him of the robe and bowl. However, the robe and bowl could not be moved by Huiming, who then asked for the transmission of Dharma from Huineng. Huineng helped him

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Two days later, the illiterate Huineng heard Shenxiu's stanza being chanted by a young attendant at the monastery and inquired about the context of the poem. The attendant explained to him the poem contest and the transmission of the robe and Dharma. Huineng asked to be led to the corridor, where he

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According to Schlütter and Teiser, the biography of Huineng explained in the Platform Sutra is a compelling legend of an illiterate, "barbarian" layman who became a Patriarch of Chan Buddhism. Most of what we know about Huineng comes from the Platform Sutra, which consists of the record of a public

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It was through the propaganda of Shenhui (684-758) that Huineng (d. 710) became the also today still towering figure of sixth patriarch of Chan/Zen Buddhism, and accepted as the ancestor or founder of all subsequent Chan lineages using the life of Confucius as a template for its structure, Shenhui

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As Gregory points out, for Huineng, no-thought does not refer to a blanking out of the mind. Rather, Huineng says, "Freedom from thought means having no thought in the midst of thoughts." He says that such things as "sitting without moving, getting rid of falsehood, and not giving rise to thoughts"

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However, on the next day, the Patriarch secretly went to Huineng's room and asked, "Should not a seeker after the Dharma risk his life this way?" Then he asked, "is the rice ready?" Huineng responded that the rice was ready and only waiting to be sieved. The Patriarch secretly explained the Diamond

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The Patriarch was not satisfied with Shenxiu's stanza, and pointed out that the poem did not show understanding of " own fundamental nature and essence of mind." He gave Shenxiu a chance to submit another poem to demonstrate that he had entered the "gate of enlightenment," so that he could transmit

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Eight months later, the Fifth Patriarch summoned all his followers and proposed a poem contest for his followers to demonstrate the stage of their understanding of the essence of mind. He decided to pass down his robe and teachings to the winner of the contest, who would become the Sixth Patriarch.

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is associated with the teaching that enlightenment is gradual. This is a polemical exaggeration, since both schools were derived from the same tradition, and the so-called Southern School incorporated many teachings of the more influential Northern School. Eventually both schools died out, but the

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If one is to concentrate on the mind, then the mind is fundamentally false. You should understand that the mind is like a phantasm, so nothing can concentrate on it. If one is to concentrate on purity, then our natures are fundamentally pure, it is through false thoughts that suchness is covered

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He also explained to Huineng that the Dharma was transmitted from mind to mind, whereas the robe was passed down physically from one patriarch to the next. Hongren instructed the Sixth Patriarch to leave the monastery before he could be harmed. "You can stop at Huai and then hide yourself at Hui."

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It turns out that little was known about Huineng before Shenhui's account of him. "It took all the rhetorical skills of Shen-hui and his sympathizers to give a form to the name Huineng,"; thus, the character Huineng described by Shenhui was not completely factual. In the Platform Sutra, following

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As Gregory observes, concentrating on, or viewing, the mind and purity are both dualistic as this is to make mind and purity into objects. Such objectification is false. Moreover, our nature is intrinsically pure, but activating the mind to view purity only externalizes that nature. This is to be

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relationship. For Huineng, wisdom is the function of meditation, while meditation is the essence of wisdom. In this way, when wisdom is present, so too is meditation; and when meditation is present, so too is wisdom. Huineng uses an analogy of a lamp and its light to illustrate this point. Where

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Related to the teaching of non-thought, Huineng also taught "non-attribute." Just as non-thought does not eradicate thoughts, non-attribute for Huineng likewise is not a world-denying negation of the attributes of sensory experience, the vast array of things and characteristics which make up the

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In addition to non-thought and non-attribute, Huineng also taught non-abiding. He says rather than attach to characteristics and obstruct the Way, one should not abide in things. Again, like non-thought and non-attribute, non-abiding for Huineng means all things and thoughts are allowed but not

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On a related note, the Chan Buddhist practices, including the wordless transmission and sudden enlightenment, were much different from the traditional training of a monk. According to Kieschnick, "The Chan accounts ridicule every element of the scholar-monk ideal that had taken shape over the

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McRae notes a similarity in reasoning with the Oxhead School, which used a threefold structure of "absolute, relative and middle", or "thesis-antithesis-synthesis". According to McRae, the Platform Sutra itself is the synthesis in this threefold structure, giving a balance between the need of

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An epitaph of Huineng inscribed by the established poet Wang Wei also reveals inconsistencies with Shenhui's account of Huineng. The epitaph "does not attack Northern Chan, and adds new information on a monk, Yinzong (627-713), who is said to have tonsured Huineng." Wang Wei was a poet and a

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Similarly, The Sixth Patriarch Tearing a Sutra adopts a similar style in portraying the same figure, Huineng, performing a different mundane action. This reaffirms the focus of the Southern Chan Tradition, which is to attain sudden enlightenment without having to train to be a monk in the

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Huineng reached Huangmei thirty days later, and expressed to the Fifth Patriarch his specific request of attaining Buddhahood. Since Huineng came from Guangdong and was physically distinctive from the local Northern Chinese, the Fifth Patriarch Hongren questioned his origin as a

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According to the traditional interpretation, which is based on Guifeng Zongmi, the fifth-generation successor of Shenhui, the two verses represent respectively the gradual and the sudden approach. According to McRae, this is an incorrect understanding:

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and purports to be a record of Huineng's life, lectures and interactions with disciples. However, the text shows signs of having been constructed over a longer period of time, and contains different layers of writing. According to John McRae, it is

1441:," and doubted his ability to attain enlightenment. Huineng impressed Hongren with a clear understanding of the ubiquitous Buddha nature in everyone, and convinced Hongren to let him stay. The first chapter of the Ming canon version of the 1814:

Huineng taught that meditation and wisdom were not sequential, with one being prior to and giving rise to the other, since in that case "the Dharma would have two characteristics." Instead, Huineng says they are not different and form an

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The followers who were present were astonished by the work of a southern barbarian. Being cautious of Huineng's status, the Patriarch wiped away the stanza and claimed that the author of the stanza had not reached enlightenment.

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In this way, as Ziporyn observes, Huineng's teaching resonates with indigenous Chinese notions which give a positive value to change and transformation. According to Ziporyn, for Huineng, enlightenment is associated with

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In 745, Shenhui was invited to take up residence in the Heze temple in Luoyang. In 753, he fell out of grace, and had to leave the capital to go into exile. The most prominent of the successors of his lineage was

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Sutra to Huineng, and when Huineng heard the phrase "one should activate one’s mind so it has no attachment," he was "suddenly and completely enlightened, and understood that all things exist in self-nature."

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invented a hagiography for the then highly obscure Huineng. At the same time, Shenhui forged a lineage of patriarchs of Chan back to the Buddha using ideas from Indian Buddhism and Chinese ancestor worship.

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could also pay homage to the stanza. He asked a low-ranking official named Zhang Riyong from Jiangzhou to read the verse to him, and then immediately asked him to write down a stanza that he composed.

1901:, who supposedly was a successor to Huineng, to win influence at the Imperial Court. He claimed Huineng to be the successor to Hongren, instead of the then publicly recognized successor Shenxiu: 2855:, Book Three, Chapter 1. Pages 222-224 in the English translation: Louis J. Gallagher (1953). "China in the Sixteenth Century: The Journals of Matthew Ricci", Random House, New York, 1953. 607: 1597:

Huineng's verse(s) apply the rhetoric of emptiness to undercut the substantiality of the terms of that formulation. However, the basic meaning of the first proposition still remains.

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Huineng is regarded as the founder of the "Sudden Enlightenment" Southern Chan school of Buddhism, which focuses on an immediate and direct attainment of Buddhist enlightenment. The

1847:) means to see the motionlessness of the self-nature internally. He criticizes motionlessness of the body, as well as the practices of concentrating on mind and on purity. He says: 1774:

takes in all of these, and so does the voidness of our nature. We say that the essence of mind is great because it embraces all things, since all things are within our nature.

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The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John R. McRae, page 45, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000

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The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John R. McRae, page 45, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000

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The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John R. McRae, page 45, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000

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Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John R. McRae, pages 41-42, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000

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which date to the 9th century. The original may have been composed in around 780 CE. According to modern scholars like Yanagida Seizan and John McRae, the early

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The Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John McRae, page 43, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000

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The Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John McRae, page 44, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000

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The Sutra of Hui-neng, Grand Master of Zen, with Hui-neng's Commentary on the Diamond Sutra, translated by Thomas Cleary, page 32, Shambhala Publications, 1998

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The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John McRae, page 17, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000

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Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John R. McRae, page 42, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000

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practice of cleaning the mirror is basic message was that of the constant and perfect teaching, the endless personal manifestation of the bodhisattva ideal.

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who visited Nanhua Temple in 1589. Ricci told the European readers the story of Huineng (in a somewhat edited form), describing him as akin to a Christian

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delivered firewood to a customer's shop, where he saw a man reciting the Diamond Sutra: "On my way out of the gate I saw someone reciting a sutra, and

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just lead to insentiency. This is to obstruct the Way which should, on the contrary, be allowed to flow freely, without any obstruction. For Huineng,

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I replied, "Your disciple is a commoner from Xinzhou of Lingnan. I have travelled far to pay homage to you and seek nothing other than Buddhahood."

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Brook Ziporyn, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, pages 168-169, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Brook Ziporyn, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, pages 165-166, Columbia University Press, 2012

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something to be realized in the future. Such an understanding is gradualistic and fails to recognize the enlightenment that is already present.

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is based on Huineng. The film is adapted from an older version of the story, found in youtube as "Story of a Zen Master" in Wutang Collection.

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Peter Gregory, Readings of the Platform Sutra, pages 98-99, edited by Morten Schlütter and Stephen F. Teiser, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Peter Gregory, Readings of the Platform Sutra, pages 96-97, edited by Morten Schlütter and Stephen F. Teiser, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Brook Ziporyn, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 172, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Brook Ziporyn, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 168, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Brook Ziporyn, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 168, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Brook Ziporyn, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 166, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Brook Ziporyn, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 166, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Brook Ziporyn, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 166, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Peter Gregory, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 97, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Peter Gregory, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 97, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Peter Gregory, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 98, Columbia University Press, 2012

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Peter Gregory, Readings of the Platform Sutra, edited by Morten Schlütter & Stephen F. Teiser, page 99, Columbia University Press, 2012

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was so immense that all later Chan schools traced their origin to Huineng, and "sudden enlightenment" became a standard doctrine of Chan.

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government official, whereas Shenhui was a propagandist who preached to the crowd, which again leads to questions about his credibility.

1510:, contain one version of Huineng's stanza, somewhat different from the two verses found in the c. 8th century Dunhuang edition (right): 3665: 1461:

there is neither north nor south. A barbarian differs from Your Holiness physically, but what difference is there in our Buddha-nature?

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According to Wong, the Platform Sūtra cites and explains a wide range of Buddhist scriptures listed here in the order of appearance:

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Chan. A Historical Sketch. In: Buddhist Spirituality. Later China, Korea, Japan and the Modern World; edited by Takeuchi Yoshinori

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The Diamond Sutra & the Sutra of Hui-neng, translated by A.F. Price & Wong Mou-lam, page 80, Shambhala Publications, 1990

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The Diamond Sutra & the Sutra of Hui-neng, translated by A.F. Price & Wong Mou-lam, page 85, Shambhala Publications, 1990

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According to modern historiography, Huineng was a marginal and obscure historical figure. Modern scholarship has questioned his

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contains two versions of Huineng's verse (left and middle). Later versions, such as the Zongbao edition (c. 1291) from the

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Sudden Enlightenment Followed by Gradual Cultivation: Tsung-mi's Analysis of mind. In: Peter N. Gregory (editor)(1991),

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Huineng was told to split firewood and pound rice in the backyard of the monastery and avoid going to the main hall.

1275:), which is said to be a record of his teachings, is a highly influential text in the East Asian Buddhist tradition. 1068: 632: 5917: 5602: 5347: 2125: 1843:) means for the mind not to be activated in regards to various good and bad realms externally, while "meditation" ( 1258:

Twentieth century scholarship revealed that the story of Huineng's Buddhist career was likely invented by the monk

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centuries in traditional hagiography," with examples found in the immense literature of the "classical period."

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his robe and the Dharma to Shenxiu, but the student's mind was agitated and could not write one more stanza.

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Jorgensen, John. “THE PLATFORM SŪTRA AND THE CORPUS OF SHENHUI RECENT CRITICAL TEXT EDITIONS AND STUDIES.”

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he verse attributed to Shenxiu does not in fact refer to gradual or progressive endeavor, but to a

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relationship. He says, "Suchness is the essence of thought, thought is the function of suchness."

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It's an irony that his body was mummified after his death, keeping sitting up. See also

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Whole-body relics in Chinese Buddhism – Previous Research and Historical Overview and

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Latin original text: De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu

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The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch. Translated from the Chinese of Zongbao

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Inventing Hui-neng, the Sixth Patriarch Hagiography and Biography in Early Ch'an

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as soon as I heard the words of the sutra my mind opened forth in enlightenment

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Yampolski, Philip; McRae, John R. (2005), "Huineng", in Jones, Lindsay (ed.),

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Huineng's verse does not stand alone, but forms a pair with Shenxiu's verse:

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Legends in Chan:the Northern/Southern Split, Hui-neng and the Platform Sutra

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The earliest and most important source for the teachings of Huineng is the

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deluded and to cover our fundamental purity so that it will not be seen.

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I replied, "Although people exist as northerners and southerners, in the

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Zen sourcebook : traditional documents from China, Korea, and Japan

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The eminent monk : Buddhist ideals in medieval Chinese hagiography

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seated meditation, in a non-literal way as follows. He says "sitting" (

1820:

light is the function of a lamp, the lamp is the essence of the light.

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Doctrinally, the Southern School is associated with the teaching that

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Buddhist Spirituality. Later China, Korea, Japan and the Modern World

2084:

Addiss, Lombardo, and Roitman give a somewhat different translation:

2028: 2015: 1985: 1965: 1283: 1025: 1020: 941: 892: 725: 370: 297: 84: 5540: 4376: 4230: 3996: 3778: 3647: 3639: 3231:, Groningen: PhD Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, archived from 1415: 528: 347: 6273: 6258: 6203: 6183: 6057: 5897: 5852: 5797: 5762: 5666: 5325: 4892: 4887: 4837: 4772: 4690: 4655: 4650: 4311: 4182: 4170: 4081: 3740: 3437: 3334: 2356: 1981: 1920: 1878: 1674: 1030: 424: 357: 4882: 4872: 4857: 4680: 4550: 3818: 3092:"Transmission and Enlightenment in Chan Buddhism Seen Through the 2957:

Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought

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The two primary sources for Huineng's life are the preface to the

1235:. According to tradition he was an uneducated layman who suddenly 929: 914: 730: 6253: 6158: 5802: 5745: 5730: 4877: 4867: 4842: 4717: 4712: 4670: 4640: 4572: 4538: 4425: 4366: 4361: 4215: 4118: 3956: 3906: 3693: 3519: 3356: 3185: 2519:; edited by Takeuchi Yoshinori, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2003. 2434: 2065: 1993: 1898: 1887: 1733: 1106: 799: 498: 477: 472: 327: 4489: 4257: 253: 6178: 6153: 6148: 5882: 5867: 5703: 5565: 5545: 5320: 4982: 4862: 4852: 4787: 4415: 4371: 4356: 4346: 4316: 4240: 4123: 3891: 3763: 3507: 3502: 3383: 1816: 1751: 1666: 1438: 1431: 1228: 1176: 1116: 1101: 951: 919: 887: 487: 352: 2549:, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24584546. Accessed 12 June 2024. 2243: 2104:

Addiss, Lombardo, and Roitman give the following translation:

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describes the introduction of Huineng to Hongren as follows:

1211:; February 27, 638 – August 28, 713), also commonly known as 946: 904: 882: 447: 60: 2923:

Addiss, Stephen; Lombardo, Stanley; Roitman, Judith (2008),

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According to Peter Gregory, the most important ideas in the

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The Patriarch asked me, "Who are you and what do you seek?"

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A mummified body, supposedly that of Huineng, is kept in

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The Golden Age of Zen: Zen Masters of the T'ang Dynasty

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The two paintings to the right were both completed by

1972:

today, where Huineng is said to have lived and taught.

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The Rabbit's Horn: A Commentary on the Platform Sutra

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The Rabbit's Horn: A Commentary on the Platform Sutra

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constant practice and the insight into the absolute.

1338:

made invisible to ordinary humans by their illusions.

2515:

Yampolski, Philip. "Chan. A Historical Sketch." In:

2199: 2566: 2564: 2470: 2422: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2010: 1860: 1231:but central figure in the early history of Chinese 2924: 2293: 2042:conventional way or to study Buddhist scriptures. 1636:reach enlightenment and continued on his journey. 3308:The Sixth Patriarch’s Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra 2320: 2127:Justin Ritzinger and Marcus Bingenheimer (2006), 1799:When alive, one keeps sitting without lying down: 1650:The Sixth Patriarch's Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra 1502:According to McRae, "the earliest version of the 6311: 3042:The Platform Sutra: The Zen Teaching of Hui-Neng 2561: 2277:. Beijing, China: 北京国学时代文化传播有限公司. Archived from 2172: 2153: 1805:What has it to do with the great lesson of life? 3063: 2247: 1783:that never dwells or stays in the same place. 1575: 1542:The bright mirror is originally clear and pure. 99:Guo'en Temple, Xinxing County, Guangdong, China 3180: 3178: 3176: 3155: 3064:Schlütter, Morten; Teiser, Stephen F. (2012), 2314: 2154:Buswell Robert E, and Lopez Donald S. (2017). 1196: 6089: 3416: 1717:), nonform, also translated as nonattribute ( 1325:is attributed to a disciple of Huineng named 1170: 1143: 4198:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 3248:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2530:The Northern School of Chinese Chan Buddhism 1801:When dead, one lies down without sitting up. 1627:Huineng with Geese and Myna, by Unkoku Tōeki 1432:Meeting the Fifth Patriarch of Chan Buddhism 1206: 3327:translated by C. Humphreys and Wong Mou-Lam 3173: 3057:The Diamond Sutra and The Sutra of Hui-neng 2007:, the mummy was damaged by the Red Guards. 1705:Non-thought, non-attribute, and non-abiding 1527:The Buddha-nature is always clear and pure. 6103: 6096: 6082: 3423: 3409: 2984: 2838: 1560:Fundamentally there is not a single thing. 1150: 1136: 53: 3146: 3089: 3054: 2989:, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2973: 2964: 2814: 2503: 2416: 2350: 2214: 2089:The mind is like a bright mirror’s stand; 1486:The mind is like a bright mirror's stand. 3314:by the Buddhist Text Translation Society 2014: 1964: 1925: 1864: 1809: 1643: 1622: 1618: 1605: 1488:At all times we must strive to polish it 1414: 1287:Illustration of Huineng from a stele at 1282: 5385:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 3068:, New York: Columbia University Press, 2952: 2826: 1803:In both cases, a set of stinking bones! 1411:Early life and introduction to Buddhism 14: 6312: 5588:List of Buddhist architecture in China 3221: 2532:. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. 2087:The body is the tree of enlightenment, 2021:The Sixth Patriarch Cutting the Bamboo 1540:The body is the bright mirror's stand. 6077: 3404: 3274:, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3190:, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3116:(1962) Great Britain: Pelican books. 3031: 3010: 2491: 2479: 2464: 2452: 2428: 2338: 2326: 2302: 2193: 2091:Time after time polish it diligently, 1988:). This mummy was seen by the Jesuit 1658:Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch 1648:Double page from the Korean print of 1322:Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch 1314: 1268:Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch 128:Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch 3200:Images of Huineng's temple and Mummy 2852:De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas 2655:Yun, Venerable Master Hsing (2010). 2156:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 1558:The bright mirror also has no stand. 1514: 3310:with commentary by Tripitia Master 3059:, Boston: Shambhala Dragon Editions 3055:Price, A.F.; Wong, Mou-lam (1990), 2659:. Buddha's Light Pub. p. 124. 2654: 2441:Addiss, Lombardo & Roitman 2008 2396:Addiss, Lombardo & Roitman 2008 2113:What place could there be for dust? 1933:, The Sixth Patriarch's Rice Mill, 1871:The Sixth Patriarch Tearing a Sutra 24: 5375:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 3215: 3158:MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion 3126: 2570: 2543:Revue Bibliographique de Sinologie 2509: 2111:Originally there is not one thing- 1404:Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana 27:Semi-legendary Chinese Chan-master 25: 6391: 3257: 2931:, Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co, 2000:(i.e. 六祖, "The Sixth Ancestor"). 1750:and thought exist together in an 1069:Zen organisation and institutions 633:Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall 6056: 6046: 6045: 5603:Thai temple art and architecture 5348:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 3588:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 3454: 3441: 3431: 3350:Zen patriarch (Shénhuì lineage) 3036:, The University Press Group Ltd 2869:"Lecture Notes, by James Cahill" 2011:Liang Kai's Portrayal of Huineng 1960: 1861:Historical impact and Influences 1615:will not be lost in the future. 608:Two Entrances and Four Practices 252: 217: 3455: 3193: 2892: 2861: 2844: 2799: 2790: 2781: 2772: 2763: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2648: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2576: 2552: 2535: 2522: 2401: 2268: 2118: 2109:The bright mirror has no stand; 2098: 2078: 1544:Where could there be any dust? 1529:Where is there room for dust? 1468: 1419:Chinese illustration of Huineng 5593:Japanese Buddhist architecture 5395:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 4475:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 3666:Places where the Buddha stayed 3222:Kuiken, Cornelis, Jan (2002), 3066:Readings of the Platform sūtra 2545:, vol. 20, 2002, pp. 399–438. 2262: 2253: 2158:. Princeton University Press. 2147: 1562:Where could dust arise? 1490:and must not let dust collect. 1272: 1171: 623:Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment 45: 13: 1: 5608:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 2140: 1523:Bodhi originally has no tree. 381:Hakuin's Four ways of knowing 6340:Chinese scholars of Buddhism 5365:Buddhism and the Roman world 5341:Decline of Buddhism in India 5336:History of Buddhism in India 3436: Topics in 3271:Huineng (Hui-neng) (638—713) 3151:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 2910: 2107:Enlightenment is not a tree, 2093:So that no dust can collect. 2023:, Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD) 1873:, Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD) 1685:, not within the so called " 1639: 1576:Interpretation of the verses 1289:Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou) 1278: 840:Yunmen Wenyan (Ummon Bun'en) 7: 4563:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 4303: 2969:, Buddha's Light Publishing 2248:Schlütter & Teiser 2012 2059: 1538:The mind is the bodhi tree. 420:Doctrinal background of Zen 96:713 (aged 74–75) 10: 6396: 5513:The unanswerable questions 3318:Platform Sutra of Hui Neng 3147:Yampolski, Philip (2003), 3103:Chung-hwa Buddhist Journal 3090:Schlütter, Morten (2007). 2953:Gregory, Peter N. (1991), 2900:"Legend of Dajian Huineng" 2315:Yampolski & McRae 2005 2051:A Chinese biopic entitled 1294: 6109: 6041: 5993: 5908: 5823: 5598:Buddhist temples in Korea 5521: 5423: 5306: 5003: 4931: 4758: 4631: 4571: 4206: 4161:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 4072: 4064:Three planes of existence 4012: 3857: 3749: 3679: 3671:Buddha in world religions 3533: 3478: 3450: 3389: 3381: 3371: 3363: 3353: 3348: 3340: 3333: 3299:Works by or about Huineng 2985:Kieschnick, John (1997), 1827: 820:Dongshan Liangjie (Tozan) 186: 176: 171: 157: 152: 144: 134: 122: 114: 104: 92: 73: 68: 52: 39: 32: 6264:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 6249:Emperor Xianzong of Tang 5380:Persecution of Buddhists 4601:Four stages of awakening 3982:Three marks of existence 3568:Physical characteristics 2974:Jorgensen, John (2005), 2071: 2053:Legend of Dajian Huineng 1681:was composed within the 1525:The mirror has no stand. 1439:barbarian from the south 1369:Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra 1308:Transmission of the Lamp 746:Ordinary Mind Zen School 638:Transmission of the Lamp 343:Turning the light around 306:Zen in the United States 40: 6134:Emperor Daizong of Tang 4743:Ten principal disciples 3626:(aunt, adoptive mother) 3127:Wu, John C. H. (2004), 3044:. (2006) Counterpoint. 2045: 1879:enlightenment is sudden 1556:originally has no tree. 1064:Zen ranks and hierarchy 1037:Category: Zen Buddhists 371:Ten Ox-Herding Pictures 6380:Chinese Buddhist monks 6350:Tang dynasty Buddhists 6224:Emperor Suzong of Tang 6104:Tang dynasty Buddhists 5453:Buddhism and democracy 4966:Tibetan Buddhist canon 4961:Chinese Buddhist canon 4193:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 4188:Early Buddhist schools 2528:McRae, John R.(1983). 2115: 2095: 2024: 1973: 1946:through this lineage. 1938: 1908: 1874: 1854: 1807: 1776: 1743: 1699:Chinese Buddhist canon 1652: 1628: 1599: 1591: 1569: 1492: 1463: 1420: 1340: 1291: 1207: 1197: 696:Plum Village Tradition 656:East Mountain Teaching 618:The Awakening of Faith 514:Prostration (Buddhism) 333:Original enlightenment 6375:Chinese Zen Buddhists 6335:8th-century Buddhists 6330:7th-century Buddhists 6129:Hsiang-yen Chih-hsien 6119:Hsiang-yen Chih-hsien 5463:Eight Consciousnesses 3573:Life of Buddha in art 3263:Biography and history 2351:Price & Wong 1990 2105: 2085: 2033:Southern Song dynasty 2018: 1968: 1929: 1903: 1868: 1849: 1810:Meditation and wisdom 1797: 1771: 1738: 1647: 1626: 1619:Escape from monastery 1606:Succession of Hongren 1595: 1583: 1512: 1476: 1449: 1418: 1362:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 1332: 1286: 1189:Ta⁴-chien⁴ Hui⁴-nêng² 850:Dahui Zonggao (Tahui) 830:Linji Yixuan (Rinzai) 825:Xuefeng Yicun (Seppo) 810:Shitou Xiqian (Kisen) 711:Kwan Um School of Zen 594:Mahaparinirvana Sutra 564:Prajñaparamita sutras 558:Indian Mahayana texts 5940:East Asian religions 5370:Buddhism in the West 4941:Early Buddhist texts 4556:Four Right Exertions 4022:Ten spiritual realms 3515:Noble Eightfold Path 3032:McRae, John (2003), 3011:McRae, John (2000), 2317:, p. 4153-4154. 463:Bodhisattva Precepts 6345:Chan Buddhist monks 6063:Religion portal 5810:Temple of the Tooth 5689:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 4728:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 4221:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 4004:Two truths doctrine 3824:Mahapajapati Gotamī 3624:Mahapajapati Gotamī 2005:Cultural Revolution 1721:), and nonabiding ( 1243:) upon hearing the 1227:: 禪宗六祖), is a semi- 1225:traditional Chinese 1213:the Sixth Patriarch 1167:traditional Chinese 1054:Dharma transmission 701:Order of Interbeing 681:Five Houses of Chán 425:Representation-only 376:Five ranks of Tozan 5985:Western philosophy 5583:Dzong architecture 5405:Vipassana movement 5400:Buddhist modernism 4828:Emperor Wen of Sui 4596:Pratyekabuddhayāna 4529:Threefold Training 4331:Vipassana movement 4047:Hungry Ghost realm 3867:Avidyā (Ignorance) 3814:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 3563:Great Renunciation 3558:Eight Great Events 3440: 3323:2009-03-09 at the 3268:John M. Thompson, 3205:2004-10-12 at the 3187:Huineng (Hui-neng) 3184:John M. Thompson, 3105:(20). Taipei: 396. 3034:Seeing Through Zen 3027:on August 22, 2012 2965:Hsing Yun (2010), 2281:on 24 October 2018 2025: 1996:. Ricci names him 1974: 1939: 1875: 1732:, Huineng taught " 1653: 1629: 1520:Yuan dynasty text: 1421: 1315:The Platform Sutra 1292: 1237:attained awakening 1122:Pure Land Buddhism 1059:Zen lineage charts 483:Walking meditation 6370:Buddhism in Yunfu 6365:People from Yunfu 6307: 6306: 6071: 6070: 5709:Om mani padme hum 5415:Women in Buddhism 5331:Buddhist councils 5201:Western countries 4989:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 4750:Shaolin Monastery 4327:Samatha-vipassanā 3937:Pratītyasamutpāda 3741:Metteyya/Maitreya 3659: 3651: 3643: 3635: 3627: 3619: 3611: 3488:Four Noble Truths 3399: 3398: 3390:Succeeded by 3372:Succeeded by 3354:Succeeded by 3294:Project Gutenberg 2494:, p. 60, 65. 2031:, a painter from 1567: 1566: 1383:Vimalakirti Sutra 1355:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 1160: 1159: 864:Zhongfeng Mingben 805:Mazu Daoyi (Baso) 741:White Plum Asanga 584:Vimalakirti Sutra 574:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra 569:Lankavatara Sutra 398:Bodhisattva ideal 212: 211: 136:Dharma names 63:of Huineng's body 16:(Redirected from 6387: 6360:Cantonese people 6219:Dongshan Shouchu 6114:Baizhang Huaihai 6098: 6091: 6084: 6075: 6074: 6061: 6060: 6049: 6048: 5888:Sacred languages 5736:Maya Devi Temple 5699:Mahabodhi Temple 5503:Secular Buddhism 5468:Engaged Buddhism 4308: 4156:Tibetan Buddhism 4107:Vietnamese Thiền 3706:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 3657: 3649: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3617: 3609: 3458: 3457: 3445: 3435: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3402: 3401: 3341:Preceded by 3331: 3330: 3303:Internet Archive 3290:Works by Huineng 3253: 3247: 3239: 3237: 3230: 3209: 3197: 3191: 3182: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3133:, World Wisdom, 3106: 3100: 3086: 3060: 3037: 3028: 3026: 3019: 3007: 2981: 2970: 2961: 2949: 2930: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2880: 2874:. Archived from 2873: 2865: 2859: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2539: 2533: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2468: 2467:, p. 63-65. 2462: 2456: 2455:, p. 61-62. 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2341:, p. 65-66. 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2218: 2212: 2197: 2191: 2170: 2169: 2151: 2134: 2131:Buddhist mummies 2122: 2116: 2102: 2096: 2082: 1832:Huineng defines 1817:essence-function 1752:essence-function 1515: 1478:The body is the 1376:Brahmajāla Sūtra 1274: 1210: 1200: 1174: 1173: 1152: 1145: 1138: 963:Thiền in Vietnam 845:Yongming Yanshou 589:Avatamsaka Sutra 358:Sudden awakening 256: 246: 238: 234: 228: 221: 214: 213: 162:Guangxiao Temple 77:February 27, 638 57: 47: 30: 29: 21: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6355:Chan patriarchs 6310: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6169:Nanyue Huairang 6105: 6102: 6072: 6067: 6055: 6037: 5989: 5904: 5819: 5556:Ordination hall 5517: 5419: 5390:Buddhist crisis 5302: 4999: 4951:Mahayana sutras 4927: 4923:Thích Nhất Hạnh 4754: 4627: 4567: 4517:Bodhisattva vow 4202: 4068: 4008: 3967:Taṇhā (Craving) 3902:Five hindrances 3853: 3745: 3675: 3529: 3474: 3446: 3429: 3395: 3393:Nanyue Huairang 3377: 3375:Qingyuan Xingsi 3359: 3346: 3335:Buddhist titles 3325:Wayback Machine 3260: 3241: 3240: 3238:on May 17, 2015 3235: 3228: 3218: 3216:Further reading 3213: 3212: 3207:Wayback Machine 3198: 3194: 3183: 3174: 3164: 3141: 3098: 3076: 3024: 3017: 2997: 2980:, Leiden: Brill 2939: 2916:Printed sources 2913: 2908: 2907: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2849: 2845: 2839:Kieschnick 1997 2837: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2667: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2540: 2536: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2357: 2349: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2325: 2321: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2221: 2213: 2200: 2192: 2173: 2166: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2123: 2119: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2062: 2048: 2013: 1963: 1883:Northern School 1863: 1830: 1812: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1707: 1687:Southern School 1642: 1621: 1608: 1578: 1568: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1552: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1471: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1434: 1413: 1397:Śūraṅgama Sūtra 1317: 1297: 1281: 1208:Daegam Hyeneung 1156: 1127: 1126: 1087: 1086:Related schools 1079: 1078: 1049: 1041: 1040: 1006:Hakuun Yasutani 984:Thích Nhất Hạnh 769: 764: 756: 755: 751:Zen Peacemakers 676:Hongzhou school 651: 643: 642: 613:Śūraṅgama Sūtra 554: 544: 543: 539:Zen calligraphy 458:Bodhisattva vow 453:Six Perfections 443: 435: 434: 366: 324: 319: 311: 310: 264: 244: 236: 230: 226: 208: 204:Nanyue Huairang 202: 198: 196:Qingyuan Xingsi 192: 191: 164: 145:Posthumous name 123:Notable work(s) 100: 97: 88: 78: 64: 48: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6393: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6279:Yantou Quanhuo 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6078: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6065: 6053: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5829: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5620:Greco-Buddhist 5612: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5574: 5573: 5571:Burmese pagoda 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5527: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5353:Greco-Buddhism 5350: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5312: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5286:United Kingdom 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5231:Czech Republic 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5110: 5105: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5009: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4995:Abhidharmadīpa 4992: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4913:B. R. Ambedkar 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4833:Songtsen Gampo 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4637: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4559: 4558: 4548: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4526: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4512:Eight precepts 4509: 4499: 4498: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4391: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4300: 4290: 4285: 4283:Five Strengths 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4223: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4078: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4024: 4018: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3922:Mental factors 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3774:Mahamoggallāna 3771: 3766: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3689:Avalokiteśvara 3685: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3645: 3637: 3629: 3621: 3613: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3490: 3484: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3428: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3405: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3388: 3386:Zen patriarch 3379: 3378: 3373: 3370: 3368:Zen patriarch 3361: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3337: 3329: 3328: 3315: 3305: 3296: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3258:External links 3256: 3255: 3254: 3225:The other Neng 3217: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3192: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3153: 3144: 3139: 3124: 3114:The Way of Zen 3107: 3094:Platform Sūtra 3087: 3074: 3061: 3052: 3038: 3029: 3008: 2995: 2982: 2971: 2962: 2950: 2937: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2891: 2860: 2843: 2831: 2829:, p. 279. 2819: 2815:Yampolski 2003 2807: 2798: 2789: 2780: 2771: 2762: 2753: 2744: 2735: 2726: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2665: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2560: 2551: 2534: 2521: 2508: 2506:, p. 386. 2504:Schlütter 2007 2496: 2484: 2469: 2457: 2445: 2433: 2421: 2417:Hsing Yun 2010 2409: 2400: 2355: 2343: 2331: 2319: 2307: 2292: 2261: 2252: 2219: 2215:Jorgensen 2005 2198: 2171: 2164: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2117: 2097: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2047: 2044: 2012: 2009: 1962: 1959: 1937:(1603–1867 AD) 1913:Guifeng Zongmi 1862: 1859: 1829: 1826: 1811: 1808: 1769:Huineng says: 1730:Platform Sutra 1711:Platform Sutra 1706: 1703: 1679:Platform Sutra 1641: 1638: 1620: 1617: 1607: 1604: 1577: 1574: 1565: 1564: 1550:Dunhuang text: 1546: 1535:Dunhuang text: 1531: 1513: 1504:Platform Sutra 1470: 1467: 1444:Platform Sutra 1433: 1430: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1386: 1379: 1372: 1365: 1358: 1351: 1316: 1313: 1302:Platform Sutra 1296: 1293: 1280: 1277: 1253:Yuquan Shenxiu 1239:(Chinese: 見性, 1217:Sixth Ancestor 1181:Dàjiàn Huìnéng 1163:Dajian Huineng 1158: 1157: 1155: 1154: 1147: 1140: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1074:Zen Narratives 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1016:Shunryū Suzuki 1013: 1011:Taizan Maezumi 1008: 1003: 992: 991: 989:Thích Thiên-Ân 986: 981: 979:Thích Thanh Từ 976: 974:Trần Nhân Tông 971: 969:Trần Thái Tông 960: 959: 954: 949: 944: 933: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 896: 895: 890: 885: 872: 871: 869:Hanshan Deqing 866: 857:Post-classical 853: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 765: 762: 761: 758: 757: 754: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 641: 640: 635: 630: 628:Platform Sutra 625: 620: 615: 610: 597: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 555: 550: 549: 546: 545: 542: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 519:Buddhist chant 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 444: 441: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 415:Zen and Sutras 406: 405: 400: 389: 388: 383: 378: 373: 361: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 320: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 303: 295: 287: 279: 271: 265: 262: 261: 258: 257: 249: 248: 240: 239: 223: 222: 210: 209: 207: 206: 189: 188: 187: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 172:Senior posting 169: 168: 159: 155: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 138: 132: 131: 124: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 90: 89: 81:Xinxing County 79: 75: 71: 70: 66: 65: 58: 50: 49: 37: 36: 34:Dajian Huineng 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6392: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6300: 6299:Empress Zhang 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6164:Daman Hongren 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6144:Duan Wenchang 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6108: 6099: 6094: 6092: 6087: 6085: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6052: 6044: 6043: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5825:Miscellaneous 5822: 5816: 5815:Vegetarianism 5813: 5811: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5637:Buddha in art 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5291:United States 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5173: 5170: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4848:Padmasambhava 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4760:Major figures 4757: 4751: 4748: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4706:Western tulku 4704: 4703: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4507:Five precepts 4505: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4485:Dhamma vicaya 4483: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4253:Buddhābhiṣeka 4251: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3897:Enlightenment 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3887:Dhamma theory 3885: 3883: 3882:Buddha-nature 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3721:Samantabhadra 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3646: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3630: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3614: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3426: 3421: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3394: 3387: 3385: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3345: 3344:Daman Hongren 3339: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3251: 3245: 3234: 3227: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3208: 3204: 3201: 3196: 3189: 3188: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3142: 3140:0-941532-44-5 3136: 3132: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3122:0-14-020547-0 3119: 3115: 3111: 3110:Watts, Alan W 3108: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3075:9780231500555 3071: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3051: 3050:1-59376-177-5 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3023: 3016: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2938:9780872209091 2934: 2929: 2928: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2914: 2901: 2895: 2881:on 2014-02-23 2877: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2847: 2840: 2835: 2828: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2802: 2793: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2748: 2739: 2730: 2721: 2712: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2668: 2666:9781932293678 2662: 2658: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2615: 2606: 2597: 2588: 2579: 2573:, p. 73. 2572: 2567: 2565: 2555: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2531: 2525: 2518: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2493: 2488: 2482:, p. 65. 2481: 2476: 2474: 2466: 2461: 2454: 2449: 2442: 2437: 2431:, p. 61. 2430: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2404: 2398:, p. 27. 2397: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2352: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2328: 2323: 2316: 2311: 2305:, p. 68. 2304: 2299: 2297: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2265: 2256: 2249: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2167: 2165:9780691157863 2161: 2157: 2150: 2146: 2133: 2132: 2126: 2121: 2114: 2101: 2094: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2017: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1978:Nanhua Temple 1971: 1970:Nanhua Temple 1967: 1961:Mummification 1958: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1945: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1916: 1914: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1886:influence of 1884: 1880: 1872: 1867: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1836: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1806: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1782: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683:Oxhead school 1680: 1676: 1672: 1671:Liùzǔ Tánjīng 1668: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1651: 1646: 1637: 1633: 1625: 1616: 1612: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1582: 1573: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1545: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1483: 1482: 1475: 1466: 1462: 1460: 1459:Buddha-nature 1448: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1429: 1427: 1417: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1348:Diamond Sutra 1345: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1303: 1290: 1285: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1263: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1249:Daman Hongren 1246: 1245:Diamond Sutra 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233:Chan Buddhism 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1168: 1164: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1130: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 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