1040:
859:
1019:
military backing. Andropov, one of the most influential figures in the
Politburo, who would become the Soviet leader in less than a year, wary of the threat of Western political and economic sanctions, made it clear to his fellow Politburo members that he was ready to reconcile himself to the possible loss of the Soviet control over Poland to Solidarity, however unpleasant it might be, if the Soviet communications with East Germany via Poland continued uninterrupted:
1024:
countries pounce on the Soviet Union, and you know they have already reached agreement on a variety of economic and political sanctions, that will be very burdensome for us. We must be concerned above all with our own country and about the strengthening of the Soviet Union. That is our main line.... As concerns the lines of communication between the Soviet Union and the GDR that run through Poland, we of course must do something to ensure that they are safeguarded.
43:
1064:. To justify the emergency measures, Jaruzelski was still playing on the public fear of Soviet invasion. However, there was no significant resistance to the martial law and any foreign military backing proved unnecessary. Ever since, Jaruzelski himself has denied that he invited Soviet troops, insisting that, on the contrary, the martial law was aimed at prevention of a Soviet military intervention.
959:, promised to do his best to uproot the opposition by domestic means. Brezhnev did not insist on armed intervention, Kania having managed to persuade him that foreign intervention would lead to a national uprising. Intervention was postponed, to give Polish leaders a chance to deal with the situation on their own.
1076:
on the Soviet role in the Polish crisis of 1980–1981, where
Solidarity, Polish communist, Soviet and American participants of the events, including Jaruzelski, Kania, Siwicki, Kulikov and Brzezinski, took part. Jaruzelski and Siwicki maintained that the Soviets had been preparing for invasion all the
1023:
We can't risk such a step. We do not intend to introduce troops into Poland. That is the proper position, and we must adhere to it until the end. I don't know how things will turn out in Poland, but even if Poland falls under the control of
Solidarity, that's the way it will be. And if the capitalist
979:
on behalf of the former proposed to issue a bluffing strong statement pledging support of the Warsaw Pact armed forces to the Polish authorities in order to give a "cold shower for the counterrevolution" and to deny western claims that
Jaruzelski didn't have backing of his allies. The Soviet, East
967:
However, the
Kremlin was discontented with how leniently this suppression proceeded, and on 18 October 1981, it forced the Polish United Workers' Party to replace Kania with Jaruzelski. The latter promised to impose martial law but demanded backing his action by a promise of Warsaw Pact military
1018:
At the
Politburo meeting of 10 December 1981, the Soviet leadership was outraged to learn that Jaruzelski was still making his crackdown on Solidarity conditional on a promise of a Soviet military intervention if anything went wrong. The Politburo firmly and unanimously rejected the demand for
866:
Contrary to the interpretations of US intelligence, no preparations were underway for even minimal Soviet intervention at the time martial law was imposed, according to declassified Soviet archives. On 25 August 1980, a special commission was created in
1093:
941:(PUWP) leaders, who had initially been lenient, slowly began to consider suppression of the popular movement on their own. On 22 October, Polish defense minister Jaruzelski started planning for martial law.
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1334:
583:
281:
17:
3337:
1077:
time, Kania and
Brzezinski opined that the plans for invasion had been discarded by the second half of 1981 and Kulikov denied the existence of any plans to intervene even in 1980.
997:
4672:
1927:
907:
before the Soviet Union eventually decided to intervene there exactly a year earlier, which led to consequences and a dip in the
Soviets' relations with the United States.
1937:
346:
573:
578:
397:
4877:
653:
1222:
2954:
1331:
451:
382:
975:
At the 14th annual meeting of the
Committee of Ministers of Defense of the Warsaw Pact, which took place in Moscow on 1–4 December, Jaruzelski's deputy
3002:
1248:
930:
agreed with
Honecker and Husák, leaning towards intervention. A planned joint Soviet, East German, and Czechoslovak attack, under the pretext of a
4657:
4184:
2934:
1633:
1007:, who was not aware that the plans for invasion had already been discarded and took the threat for real, vetoed the draft after consultations with
2501:
1106:
637:
955:
On 5 December, at the insistence of Honecker, the Warsaw Pact countries held a summit in Moscow. The Polish leader, first secretary of the PUWP
4743:
2252:
2061:
797:
5257:
4733:
119:
4707:
3594:
1517:
1384:
387:
211:
5267:
4697:
1502:
1452:
1427:
1284:
5125:
4930:
4786:
1392:
164:
5287:
5282:
4968:
4872:
4738:
2771:
1535:
1367:
287:
4174:
2818:
1841:
5072:
4824:
4667:
2939:
1960:
1412:
1209:
1157:
498:
79:
5151:
5038:
4662:
2597:
2284:
2262:
1467:
3685:
1201:
1149:
5010:
3504:
3429:
3089:
2689:
1945:
968:
intervention if he failed to control the situation. On 29 October, Jaruzelski's demands were discussed at a session of the
515:
332:
216:
109:
74:
4702:
3109:
2242:
1955:
1950:
1797:
872:
134:
114:
4899:
2351:
2279:
617:
5131:
4887:
4791:
4144:
3239:
2217:
2102:
2056:
2051:
1997:
790:
535:
406:
241:
159:
89:
84:
69:
5136:
3876:
3439:
2709:
2650:
944:
United States intelligence, by this time, had an accurate idea of the Warsaw Pact's plans. National Security Adviser
226:
191:
129:
104:
99:
2447:
5121:
5002:
4938:
3579:
3574:
3069:
3032:
2761:
2207:
559:
327:
180:
94:
3257:
3119:
2803:
5209:
5092:
4943:
4882:
4299:
3680:
3609:
3509:
3387:
3159:
3149:
2736:
2123:
1879:
1226:
938:
823:
815:
754:
461:
415:
201:
139:
124:
3074:
2961:
2949:
4953:
3730:
3499:
3079:
2981:
2714:
2158:
2153:
1874:
1864:
1854:
811:
679:
236:
221:
170:
3399:
3129:
2640:
2412:
926:, however, were eager to suppress Solidarity, along the lines of previous crackdowns. The aging Soviet leader
5214:
4963:
4677:
3692:
3645:
3409:
3332:
3064:
1869:
1859:
1849:
1683:
1658:
1417:
783:
769:
503:
257:
175:
53:
3124:
2833:
2756:
2427:
5199:
5063:
5053:
4892:
3710:
3670:
3640:
3589:
3449:
3367:
3363:
3234:
3164:
2929:
2746:
2512:
2407:
2339:
1550:
1477:
1472:
1360:
1259:
1178:
1028:
Chief ideologist Suslov supported him, considering the possibility of invasion after the Soviet support of
839:
764:
719:
674:
483:
478:
473:
1300:
5184:
4958:
4682:
4154:
4149:
3866:
3544:
3272:
3017:
2976:
2920:
2823:
2704:
2662:
2567:
2092:
2046:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1530:
1432:
1397:
952:
to disclose the Warsaw Pact military build-up publicly and to warn the Soviet Union of its consequences.
819:
251:
4817:
4519:
3740:
3725:
3715:
3569:
3169:
2657:
2460:
2227:
1314:
1142:
734:
545:
262:
4748:
4624:
4569:
4389:
3377:
3084:
2645:
2257:
2174:
1507:
647:
1094:
Soviet military activity near the Polish border in "US Intelligence and the Polish Crisis 1980–1981"
5262:
4374:
3941:
3204:
3094:
2848:
2392:
4114:
5179:
5105:
4909:
3604:
3549:
3534:
3474:
3282:
3262:
3022:
2699:
2304:
1353:
729:
5058:
2507:
456:
5146:
4394:
3898:
3292:
2966:
2442:
2202:
2197:
1990:
1738:
588:
488:
5048:
4604:
468:
5277:
5229:
5141:
5100:
4914:
4810:
4629:
3913:
3908:
3675:
3564:
3519:
3479:
3414:
3358:
3277:
3059:
2873:
2751:
2669:
2577:
2542:
2452:
2397:
2294:
2135:
1482:
1208:. Edited, translated, annotated, and introduced by Mark Kramer. Special Working Paper No. 1,
1061:
1002:
900:
847:
759:
744:
622:
377:
358:
5272:
5077:
4169:
3936:
3791:
3745:
3660:
3655:
3454:
3353:
3302:
3297:
3189:
3144:
3099:
3037:
2868:
2843:
2793:
2721:
2635:
2485:
2087:
2066:
1831:
1618:
1545:
1487:
1462:
896:
689:
684:
664:
430:
1223:"Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security (PHP) - Defense Ministers: Introduction"
1008:
8:
5194:
5173:
5167:
4614:
4529:
4524:
4424:
4287:
4084:
3968:
3883:
3771:
3624:
3619:
3599:
3584:
3494:
3489:
3394:
3327:
3317:
3229:
3224:
3214:
3114:
3054:
3027:
2853:
2838:
2808:
2786:
2572:
2562:
2289:
2212:
2182:
2166:
1763:
1753:
1162:
945:
843:
724:
3469:
3382:
972:, where Andropov confirmed the consensus that no Soviet troops would be sent to Poland.
525:
5204:
5087:
4768:
4564:
4549:
4474:
4454:
4449:
4434:
4281:
4029:
3781:
3665:
3419:
3322:
3307:
3219:
3209:
3184:
3179:
2944:
2898:
2813:
2798:
2741:
2557:
2480:
2356:
2247:
2237:
1743:
1668:
1111:
1060:
for military assistance once again, on 13 December 1981, Jaruzelski finally proclaimed
714:
420:
367:
4464:
4293:
956:
5189:
4781:
4634:
4579:
4554:
4509:
4439:
4414:
4379:
4369:
4338:
4225:
4109:
4079:
3816:
3806:
3720:
3614:
3459:
3174:
2971:
2828:
2781:
2679:
2630:
2604:
2582:
2422:
2402:
2346:
2334:
2148:
1983:
1788:
1708:
1703:
1638:
1497:
1422:
1376:
1278:
1033:
923:
642:
568:
425:
4758:
4429:
4867:
4544:
4469:
4399:
4384:
4364:
4311:
4094:
4089:
4069:
4019:
4009:
3836:
3801:
3786:
3735:
3464:
3404:
3244:
2903:
2883:
2592:
2534:
2528:
2495:
2475:
2465:
2314:
2115:
2107:
1820:
1773:
1758:
1718:
1713:
1628:
1613:
1555:
1457:
1039:
969:
871:
to formulate policy in response to developments in Poland. It was headed by senior
435:
5082:
5043:
4904:
4763:
4619:
4609:
4594:
4574:
4559:
4534:
4479:
4244:
4212:
4104:
4064:
3826:
3821:
3761:
3702:
3434:
3312:
3139:
3104:
3012:
3007:
2731:
2625:
2299:
2232:
2222:
2187:
2143:
2130:
2082:
1810:
1783:
1778:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1698:
1663:
1608:
1442:
1338:
1205:
1198:
1179:"Poland, 1980-1982: Internal Crisis, International Dimensions" 8-10 November 1997
1153:
1146:
976:
927:
892:
627:
530:
2726:
5224:
5219:
4589:
4514:
4504:
4499:
4359:
4099:
3888:
3811:
3539:
3444:
3194:
3134:
2766:
2684:
2587:
2547:
2517:
2417:
2372:
1922:
1815:
1768:
1693:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1623:
1540:
1447:
1053:
996:, supported the proposal. However, it failed to pass because Romanian minister
985:
919:
915:
903:. The situation in Poland in December 1980 had parallels with the situation in
888:
876:
858:
834:
abstained from military intervention, unlike on previous occasions such as the
739:
550:
989:
5251:
5234:
5068:
4753:
4599:
4494:
4459:
4444:
4404:
3946:
3776:
3514:
3424:
3287:
3267:
3154:
2915:
2893:
2858:
2437:
2432:
2387:
2309:
2269:
2018:
1826:
1748:
1603:
1598:
1407:
1057:
1012:
993:
884:
835:
749:
612:
540:
493:
277:
1312:
Wilfried Loth. Moscow, Prague and Warsaw: Overcoming the Brezhnev Doctrine.
4948:
4845:
4833:
4539:
4489:
4419:
4409:
4263:
4251:
4238:
4044:
3871:
3372:
2620:
2470:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2025:
1327:
949:
911:
827:
206:
32:
4997:
4584:
4189:
4159:
4014:
4004:
3903:
3766:
3559:
3048:
2878:
2863:
2674:
2522:
2490:
2377:
2192:
2097:
2036:
1806:
1402:
931:
904:
669:
659:
309:
268:
246:
1147:
The Soviet Non-Invasion of Poland in 1980/81 and the End of the Cold War
1032:
in the 1970s as a severe blow to the Soviet international standing. The
4343:
4054:
4024:
3978:
3893:
3861:
3853:
3796:
3484:
3199:
2888:
2776:
2382:
632:
510:
2997:
1437:
1029:
4987:
4850:
4639:
4484:
4333:
4306:
4119:
4074:
3983:
3951:
3931:
3923:
3252:
3042:
1073:
520:
322:
1345:
4218:
4059:
3956:
3831:
3650:
3554:
2694:
2552:
2006:
981:
694:
392:
3338:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
5033:
4992:
4164:
4049:
4039:
3988:
3529:
2274:
831:
372:
316:
273:
4802:
4232:
4034:
3973:
2908:
934:
military exercise called 'Soyuz-80,' was planned for December.
868:
4717:
4673:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
4179:
3962:
2041:
1332:
Martial Law Evaluated by Historians and Generals at Jachranka
185:
1107:"Poland's Crisis: Examining the Causes and the Consequenses"
1096:(section Bloc-Country Archives Open), CSI Publications, 2007
1052:
After unsuccessfully begging Warsaw Pact commander-in-chief
895:. They were reluctant to intervene in Poland, recalling the
4257:
4139:
2031:
1975:
1902:
1525:
231:
196:
59:
4712:
4692:
4687:
880:
1199:
Soviet deliberations during the Polish Crisis, 1980–1981
1301:
Transcript of the Politburo session of 10 December 1981
1160:, Washington, D.C., September 1998, also published in
654:
De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania
842:, and thus left the Polish leadership under General
899:, and dealing already with problems in the ongoing
1015:was not ready to agree unless everyone else did.
5249:
4658:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
3095:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
2502:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
18:Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–81
4818:
1991:
1361:
1174:
1172:
791:
4734:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
2285:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
1067:
3595:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1296:
1294:
1166:, Vol. 51, No. 2 (March 1999), pp. 189–211.
1072:In November 1997, a conference was held in
4825:
4811:
4698:United States involvement in regime change
2253:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
1998:
1984:
1503:Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev
1368:
1354:
1169:
850:to deal with the opposition on their own.
798:
784:
4969:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
1291:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1038:
857:
2824:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
814:, associated with the emergence of the
14:
5250:
5073:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
4668:Russian espionage in the United States
2940:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1283:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1210:Cold War International History Project
1158:Cold War International History Project
5039:1949 East German State Railway strike
5011:World Federation of Democratic Youth
4806:
4663:Soviet espionage in the United States
2819:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
2598:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
2263:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
1979:
1375:
1349:
1187:
1119:
5258:Cold War history of the Soviet Union
4910:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan
4739:Soviet Union–United States relations
3090:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
333:World Federation of Democratic Youth
4703:Soviet involvement in regime change
1493:Reaction to 1980–1981 Polish crisis
853:
24:
5132:Sovietization of the Baltic states
4744:Soviet Union–United States summits
2218:1947 Polish parliamentary election
2103:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
830:. For the first time however, the
407:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
25:
5299:
5003:World Federation of Trade Unions
3505:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
3440:United States invasion of Grenada
2710:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
2651:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
1536:1983 false nuclear alarm incident
962:
5220:January 1991 events in Lithuania
4878:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
4832:
3580:United States invasion of Panama
3430:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
3070:1971 Turkish military memorandum
3033:Communist insurgency in Thailand
3003:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
2935:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
2762:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
2690:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
2208:Restatement of Policy on Germany
1011:, and his Hungarian counterpart
826:and Poland's alignment with the
328:World Federation of Trade Unions
41:
5288:1981 in international relations
5283:1980 in international relations
4944:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
4300:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3681:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
3610:Fall of the inner German border
3510:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
3160:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
3150:Spanish transition to democracy
3110:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
2737:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
2243:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
2124:Occupation of the Baltic states
1321:
1212:, Washington, D.C., April 1999.
3080:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
2715:Mozambican War of Independence
2154:Indonesian National Revolution
1428:Brezhnev assassination attempt
1306:
1241:
1215:
1099:
1086:
1047:
13:
1:
5268:Poland–Soviet Union relations
5225:January 1991 events in Latvia
5215:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
4964:Socialist Republic of Romania
4939:People's Republic of Bulgaria
4931:People's Republic of Albania
4900:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
4678:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
3693:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
3646:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
3368:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
3333:Seven Days to the River Rhine
3065:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
2352:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
2280:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
1418:1968 Red Square demonstration
1080:
822:, challenged the rule of the
770:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
5210:Collapse of the Soviet Union
5200:Fall of communism in Albania
3671:Fall of communism in Albania
3641:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
3590:Polish Round Table Agreement
2930:1968 Polish political crisis
2747:Eritrean War of Independence
2513:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
2408:East German uprising of 1953
2340:Chinese Communist Revolution
2005:
1551:1984 Summer Olympics boycott
1473:1978 Georgian demonstrations
984:ministers, Dmitriy Ustinov,
939:Polish United Workers' Party
840:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
824:Polish United Workers' Party
765:Fall of communism in Albania
720:Polish Round Table Agreement
675:Cuban intervention in Angola
7:
5185:End of communism in Hungary
4954:Hungarian People's Republic
3545:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
3273:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
3018:Corrective Movement (Syria)
2982:New People's Army rebellion
2977:Sino-Soviet border conflict
2705:Angolan War of Independence
2568:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
2448:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
2093:Jamaican political conflict
1531:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
1433:Sino-Soviet border conflict
1398:Glassboro Summit Conference
153:Allied and satellite states
10:
5304:
4949:German Democratic Republic
3741:Sino-Indian border dispute
3570:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
3500:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
3258:1976 Argentine coup d'état
3170:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
3120:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
2804:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
2772:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
2461:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
2228:Asian Relations Conference
1413:Invasion of Czechoslovakia
812:Polish crisis of 1980–1981
5160:
5137:Information dissemination
5114:
5064:1956 Hungarian Revolution
5054:1953 East German uprising
5022:
4980:
4923:
4860:
4840:
4777:
4726:
4648:
4625:William Appleman Williams
4570:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
4352:
4324:
4273:
4205:
4198:
4132:
3997:
3922:
3852:
3845:
3754:
3701:
3633:
3346:
3085:Bangladesh Liberation War
3075:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
2990:
2962:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
2950:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
2613:
2388:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
2365:
2075:
2013:
1936:
1895:
1888:
1840:
1796:
1564:
1516:
1508:Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev
1383:
1318:1, no. 2 (2001): 103–118.
1068:1997 Jachranka conference
980:German, Czechoslovak and
690:1984 Los Angeles Olympics
5122:Emigration and defection
4959:Polish People's Republic
3400:1980 Turkish coup d'état
3235:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
3205:1978 Somali coup attempt
3165:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
3130:1973 Chilean coup d'état
2955:Revolutionary Government
2849:South African Border War
2641:1960 Turkish coup d'état
2558:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
2413:1953 Iranian coup d'état
2393:1952 Egyptian revolution
1478:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
1468:1977 Soviet constitution
1156:, Working Paper No. 23,
820:Polish People's Republic
511:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990
5180:Fall of the Berlin Wall
5106:1981 protests in Kosovo
5044:Rebellion of Cazin 1950
3605:Fall of the Berlin Wall
3550:People Power Revolution
3535:Central American crisis
3475:1986 Black Sea incident
3125:1973 Afghan coup d'état
3023:Western Sahara conflict
2834:1966 Syrian coup d'état
2757:1963 Syrian coup d'état
2700:Portuguese Colonial War
2663:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
2428:1954 Syrian coup d'état
2305:Annexation of Hyderabad
2248:1947–1949 Palestine war
1043:Andropov and Jaruzelski
891:, and defense minister
755:End of the Soviet Union
730:Fall of the Berlin Wall
290: (until 1948)
265: (until 1977)
254: (until 1989)
188: (until 1961)
167: (until 1961)
3899:Neoclassical economics
3410:Gulf of Sidra incident
2967:1969 Libyan revolution
2658:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
2443:1954 Geneva Conference
2203:Turkish straits crisis
2198:Corfu Channel incident
1092:Douglas J. MacEachin,
1056:and Soviet ambassador
1044:
1036:was effectively dead.
1026:
863:
444:Protests and uprisings
5230:Breakup of Yugoslavia
4749:Russia–NATO relations
4630:Jonathan Reed Winkler
3914:Democratic capitalism
3909:Supply-side economics
3877:American conservatism
3676:Breakup of Yugoslavia
3565:Bougainville conflict
3480:South Yemen civil war
3415:Martial law in Poland
3278:Nicaraguan Revolution
3253:Dirty War (Argentina)
3060:1971 JVP insurrection
2874:Years of Lead (Italy)
2752:North Yemen civil war
2670:Berlin Crisis of 1961
2646:Albanian–Soviet split
2578:1959 Tibetan uprising
2543:Syrian Crisis of 1957
2398:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
2258:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1393:Collective leadership
1042:
1021:
861:
818:mass movement in the
760:Post-Soviet conflicts
745:Breakup of Yugoslavia
648:Albanian–Soviet split
359:Anti-Soviet partisans
302:Related organizations
5078:1970 Polish protests
5059:1956 Poznań protests
4924:Soviet-allied states
4170:Non-Aligned Movement
3792:Peaceful coexistence
3746:North Borneo dispute
3661:German reunification
3656:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
3354:Salvadoran Civil War
3303:Grand Mosque seizure
3298:Yemenite War of 1979
3190:Mozambican Civil War
3145:Carnation Revolution
3100:Yemenite War of 1972
3038:1970 Polish protests
2869:1967 Hong Kong riots
2844:Argentine Revolution
2794:Guatemalan Civil War
2722:Cuban Missile Crisis
2636:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2508:1956 Poznań protests
2486:Geneva Summit (1955)
2088:Hukbalahap Rebellion
2067:Non-Aligned Movement
1832:Konstantin Chernenko
1546:Uzbek cotton scandal
1488:1980 Summer Olympics
1463:1977 Moscow bombings
1337:11 July 2010 at the
1204:20 June 2010 at the
1152:20 June 2010 at the
948:persuaded President
897:1970 Polish protests
740:Barricades in Latvia
685:1980 Moscow Olympics
665:Cuban Missile Crisis
5195:Romanian revolution
5168:Revolutions of 1989
5049:1953 Plzeň uprising
4615:Alex von Tunzelmann
4605:Vladimir Tismăneanu
4530:Thomas J. McCormick
4525:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
4425:Robert Hugh Ferrell
4288:Crusade for Freedom
4085:Illiberal democracy
3969:Ho Chi Minh Thought
3772:Eisenhower Doctrine
3625:Peaceful Revolution
3620:Romanian Revolution
3600:Revolutions of 1989
3585:1988 Polish strikes
3495:Operation INFEKTION
3490:1987 Lieyu massacre
3395:Eritrean Civil Wars
3378:Peruvian Revolution
3328:1979 Herat uprising
3318:Sino-Vietnamese War
3283:Uganda–Tanzania War
3263:Egyptian–Libyan War
3230:Third Indochina War
3225:Sino-Albanian split
3215:Ethiopian Civil War
3115:Eritrean Civil Wars
3055:Ping-pong diplomacy
3028:Cambodian Civil War
2854:Korean DMZ Conflict
2839:Cultural Revolution
2809:Dominican Civil War
2787:Tlatelolco massacre
2573:1959 Mosul uprising
2563:1958 Lebanon crisis
2290:Al-Wathbah uprising
2213:First Indochina War
2183:Iran crisis of 1946
1163:Europe-Asia Studies
946:Zbigniew Brzezinski
887:, foreign minister
844:Wojciech Jaruzelski
725:Revolutions of 1989
5205:Singing Revolution
5088:June 1976 protests
4873:Soviet occupations
4769:Russian Revolution
4565:Mary Elise Sarotte
4550:William B. Pickett
4475:Patrick J. Hearden
4455:Gabriel Gorodetsky
4450:Timothy Garton Ash
4435:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
4030:Ethnic nationalism
3782:Hallstein Doctrine
3666:Yemeni unification
3455:1985 Geneva Summit
3420:Casamance conflict
3323:New Jewel Movement
3308:Iranian Revolution
3293:Chadian–Libyan War
3240:Cambodian conflict
3220:Lebanese Civil War
3210:Western Sahara War
3185:June 1976 protests
3180:Cambodian genocide
2945:17 July Revolution
2899:Nigerian Civil War
2814:Rhodesian Bush War
2799:Colombian conflict
2742:Ramadan Revolution
2481:Bandung Conference
2357:Operation Valuable
2238:Partition of India
1518:Events (1982–1985)
1453:Vladivostok Summit
1385:Events (1964–1982)
1112:The New York Times
1045:
998:Constantin Olteanu
864:
715:Singing Revolution
489:Novocherkassk 1962
5245:
5244:
5190:Velvet Revolution
5152:Telephone tapping
5126:list of defectors
4915:Tito–Stalin split
4800:
4799:
4787:List of conflicts
4635:Rudolph Winnacker
4580:Giles Scott-Smith
4555:Ronald E. Powaski
4510:Melvyn P. Leffler
4440:John Lewis Gaddis
4415:Robert D. English
4380:Warren H. Carroll
4370:Michael Beschloss
4339:Nuclear arms race
4320:
4319:
4226:Neues Deutschland
4128:
4127:
4110:White nationalism
4080:Liberal democracy
3817:Ulbricht Doctrine
3807:Brezhnev Doctrine
3615:Velvet Revolution
3359:Soviet–Afghan War
3175:Angolan Civil War
2972:Goulash Communism
2829:ASEAN Declaration
2782:Mexican Dirty War
2680:Annexation of Goa
2631:1960 U-2 incident
2605:Sino-Soviet split
2583:Laotian Civil War
2423:Bricker Amendment
2403:Mau Mau rebellion
2347:Malayan Emergency
2335:Chinese Civil War
2295:Tito–Stalin split
2149:Division of Korea
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1565:Politburo members
1483:Soviet–Afghan War
1423:Brezhnev Doctrine
1377:Era of Stagnation
1034:Brezhnev Doctrine
1009:Nicolae Ceauşescu
937:Deeply concerned
901:Soviet–Afghan War
808:
807:
643:Sino-Soviet split
623:Tito–Stalin split
618:Czechoslovak coup
596:
595:
536:Ukraine 1989–1991
474:East Germany 1953
416:Soviet occupation
16:(Redirected from
5295:
5034:Goryani Movement
5014:
5006:
4972:
4934:
4868:Yalta Conference
4827:
4820:
4813:
4804:
4803:
4545:David S. Painter
4470:John Earl Haynes
4400:Nicholas J. Cull
4385:Adrian Cioroianu
4365:Thomas A. Bailey
4312:Voice of America
4203:
4202:
4115:White separatism
4095:Social democracy
4090:Guided democracy
4070:Authoritarianism
4020:Ultranationalism
4010:Anti-imperialism
3937:Marxism–Leninism
3850:
3849:
3837:Kinmen Agreement
3802:Johnson Doctrine
3787:Kennedy Doctrine
3703:Frozen conflicts
3686:1991 August Coup
3575:Afghan Civil War
3470:Reykjavík Summit
3465:Somali Rebellion
3405:Ugandan Bush War
3383:Gdańsk Agreement
2904:Protests of 1968
2884:War of Attrition
2593:Cuban Revolution
2529:We will bury you
2496:Cyprus Emergency
2476:Kashmir Princess
2466:Jebel Akhdar War
2315:Western betrayal
2000:
1993:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1893:
1892:
1889:National economy
1556:Friendship Games
1458:Helsinki Accords
1370:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1325:
1319:
1315:Cold War History
1310:
1304:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1258:. Archived from
1253:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1229:on 12 April 2008
1225:. Archived from
1219:
1213:
1196:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1140:
1117:
1116:
1115:. June 21, 1981.
1103:
1097:
1090:
1006:
970:Soviet Politburo
854:Initial reaction
838:of 1968 and the
800:
793:
786:
709:
656:
607:
452:Poland 1944–1989
436:Operation Jungle
355:
354:
351:
349:
303:
154:
64:
62:
56:
45:
44:
35:
29:
28:
21:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5263:1980s in Poland
5248:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5156:
5110:
5097:Soviet reaction
5083:Croatian Spring
5027:
5025:
5018:
5012:
5004:
4976:
4970:
4932:
4919:
4905:Berlin Blockade
4856:
4855:
4836:
4831:
4801:
4796:
4773:
4764:Second Cold War
4722:
4650:
4644:
4620:Odd Arne Westad
4610:Patrick Vaughan
4595:Athan Theoharis
4575:Ellen Schrecker
4560:Yakov M. Rabkin
4535:Timothy Naftali
4480:Tvrtko Jakovina
4465:Jussi Hanhimäki
4348:
4326:
4316:
4294:Paix et Liberté
4269:
4213:Active measures
4194:
4124:
4105:White supremacy
4065:Totalitarianism
3993:
3918:
3841:
3827:Reagan Doctrine
3822:Carter Doctrine
3762:Truman Doctrine
3750:
3697:
3629:
3524:Soviet reaction
3435:Ndogboyosoi War
3342:
3313:Saur Revolution
3140:1973 oil crisis
3105:Munich massacre
3013:Alcora Exercise
3008:Black September
2986:
2732:Sino-Indian War
2626:Simba rebellion
2609:
2453:Capture of the
2361:
2300:Berlin Blockade
2233:May 1947 crises
2223:Truman Doctrine
2188:Greek Civil War
2177:Blacklist Forty
2144:Gouzenko Affair
2131:Cursed soldiers
2083:Morgenthau Plan
2071:
2009:
2004:
1974:
1965:
1938:Five-year plans
1932:
1884:
1836:
1792:
1566:
1560:
1512:
1443:1973 oil crisis
1379:
1374:
1344:
1339:Wayback Machine
1326:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1265:on 18 July 2009
1262:
1251:
1249:"Archived copy"
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:Wayback Machine
1197:
1188:
1177:
1170:
1154:Wayback Machine
1141:
1120:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1070:
1050:
1000:
977:Florian Siwicki
965:
957:Stanisław Kania
928:Leonid Brezhnev
893:Dmitriy Ustinov
879:, and included
873:Communist Party
856:
804:
775:
774:
710:
707:
700:
699:
652:
628:Berlin Blockade
608:
606:Cold War events
605:
598:
597:
521:Kazakhstan 1986
352:
347:
345:
338:
337:
304:
301:
294:
293:
155:
152:
145:
144:
65:
60:
54:
52:
42:
33:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5301:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5008:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4830:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4807:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4590:Timothy Snyder
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4520:Vojtech Mastny
4517:
4515:Geir Lundestad
4512:
4507:
4505:Walter Laqueur
4502:
4500:Walter LaFeber
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4430:André Fontaine
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4360:Gar Alperovitz
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4260:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:Third-Worldism
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3889:Libertarianism
3886:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3867:Chicago school
3864:
3858:
3856:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3812:Nixon Doctrine
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3755:Foreign policy
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3540:Operation RYAN
3537:
3532:
3527:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Able Archer 83
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:Oromo conflict
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3135:Yom Kippur War
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2767:Aden Emergency
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Papua conflict
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2588:Kitchen Debate
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Sputnik crisis
2545:
2540:
2532:
2525:
2520:
2518:Polish October
2515:
2510:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2418:Pact of Madrid
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Bamboo Curtain
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1923:Food Programme
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1875:Tikhonov's 1st
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1813:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:Able Archer 83
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1498:Exercise Zapad
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:Fall of Saigon
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1320:
1305:
1290:
1256:www.coldwar.hu
1240:
1214:
1186:
1168:
1143:Vojtech Mastny
1118:
1098:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1069:
1066:
1054:Viktor Kulikov
1049:
1046:
986:Heinz Hoffmann
964:
963:Final decision
961:
920:Erich Honecker
889:Andrei Gromyko
877:Mikhail Suslov
855:
852:
806:
805:
803:
802:
795:
788:
780:
777:
776:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
735:January Events
732:
727:
722:
717:
711:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
609:
604:
603:
600:
599:
594:
593:
592:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
563:
562:
556:
555:
554:
553:
548:
546:Lithuania 1991
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
507:
506:
501:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
465:
464:
459:
446:
445:
441:
440:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
410:
409:
403:
402:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
362:
361:
353:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
313:
305:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
285:
271:
266:
260:
255:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
202:Czechoslovakia
199:
194:
189:
183:
178:
173:
168:
162:
156:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
66:
51:
50:
47:
46:
38:
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5300:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5236:
5235:Yugoslav Wars
5233:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5069:Prague Spring
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5021:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:Organizations
4979:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4883:Baltic states
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4816:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:War on terror
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:Espionage and
4647:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Andrew Thorpe
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:Gabriel Kolko
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4460:Fred Halliday
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:Lloyd Gardner
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:Norman Davies
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:John Costello
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:Technological
4323:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:Pro-communist
4204:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:Organizations
4131:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3947:Eurocommunism
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:Domino theory
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:South Ossetia
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:8888 Uprising
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:Iran–Iraq War
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Falklands War
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3288:NDF Rebellion
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:German Autumn
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:Metapolitefsi
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2916:Prague Spring
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:Al-Wadiah War
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:12-3 incident
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Domino theory
2436:
2434:
2433:Petrov Affair
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:Madiun Affair
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Marshall Plan
2268:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2019:United States
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Kosygin's 1st
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Yuri Andropov
1825:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Prague Spring
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1286:
1280:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:Boris Aristov
1055:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:Lajos Czinege
1010:
1004:
999:
995:
994:Dobri Dzhurov
991:
987:
983:
978:
973:
971:
960:
958:
953:
951:
947:
942:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:Yuri Andropov
882:
878:
874:
870:
860:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:Prague Spring
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
801:
796:
794:
789:
787:
782:
781:
779:
778:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
750:Yugoslav Wars
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
704:
703:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
655:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
638:Secret Speech
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
613:Marshall Plan
611:
610:
602:
601:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
565:
564:
561:
558:
557:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
463:
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
449:
448:
447:
443:
442:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
411:
408:
405:
404:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
364:
363:
360:
357:
356:
350:
342:
341:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
318:
314:
312:
311:
307:
306:
298:
297:
289:
286:
283:
279:
278:North Vietnam
275:
272:
270:
267:
264:
261:
259:
256:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
149:
148:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
63:
57:
49:
48:
40:
39:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
5278:Eastern Bloc
5172:
5096:
4846:Soviet Union
4834:Eastern Bloc
4759:Brinkmanship
4651:intelligence
4540:Marius Oprea
4490:Harvey Klehr
4420:Herbert Feis
4410:Willem Drees
4375:Archie Brown
4292:
4280:
4262:
4252:Trybuna Ludu
4250:
4243:
4239:Radio Moscow
4231:
4224:
4217:
4045:Anti-Zionism
3961:
3884:Keynesianism
3872:Conservatism
3736:Transnistria
3716:China-Taiwan
3523:
3373:Gera Demands
3246:
3047:
2922:
2727:El Porteñazo
2621:Congo Crisis
2536:
2471:Algerian War
2454:
2330:Western Bloc
2325:Eastern Bloc
2320:Iron Curtain
2176:
2168:
2160:
2137:
2117:
2109:
2026:Soviet Union
2024:
2017:
1754:Shevardnadze
1739:Shcherbytsky
1492:
1328:Jerzy Holzer
1323:
1313:
1308:
1303:(in Russian)
1267:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1255:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:the original
1217:
1183:Columbia.edu
1182:
1161:
1110:
1101:
1088:
1071:
1051:
1027:
1022:
1017:
974:
966:
954:
950:Jimmy Carter
943:
936:
924:Gustáv Husák
916:Czechoslovak
909:
865:
862:Eastern Bloc
828:Soviet Union
809:
584:to Hong Kong
579:East Germany
531:Tbilisi 1989
516:Romania 1977
484:Hungary 1956
479:Georgia 1956
315:
308:
207:East Germany
34:Eastern Bloc
26:
5273:Warsaw Pact
5161:Dissolution
5101:Martial law
5024:Revolts and
4998:Warsaw Pact
4585:Shen Zhihua
4395:Michael Cox
4327:competition
4274:Pro-Western
4264:Soviet Life
4190:Safari Club
4160:Warsaw Pact
4015:Nationalism
4005:Imperialism
3904:Reaganomics
3767:Containment
3560:Perestroika
3049:Realpolitik
2879:Six-Day War
2864:Greek junta
2675:Berlin Wall
2523:Suez Crisis
2491:Vietnam War
2378:McCarthyism
2193:Baruch Plan
2138:Unthinkable
2098:Dekemvriana
2037:Warsaw Pact
1842:Governments
1764:Solomentsev
1704:Mzhavanadze
1403:Six-Day War
1062:martial law
1048:Martial law
1001: [
990:Martin Dzúr
932:Warsaw Pact
912:East German
905:Afghanistan
875:ideologist
848:martial law
670:Vietnam War
660:Berlin Wall
589:North Korea
526:Brașov 1987
494:Prague 1968
457:Poznań 1956
310:Warsaw Pact
269:South Yemen
247:North Korea
160:Afghanistan
80:Byelorussia
5252:Categories
5115:Conditions
5093:Solidarity
5026:opposition
4353:Historians
4344:Space Race
4245:Rudé právo
4199:Propaganda
4055:Neo-Nazism
4025:Chauvinism
3979:Trotskyism
3894:Monetarism
3862:Liberalism
3854:Capitalism
3846:Ideologies
3797:Ostpolitik
3520:Solidarity
3485:Toyota War
3388:Solidarity
3245:Operation
3200:Ogaden War
2889:Dhofar War
2777:Shifta War
2535:Operation
2383:Korean War
2175:Operation
2167:Operation
2159:Operation
2136:Operation
2116:Operation
2108:Operation
1789:Vorotnikov
1269:17 January
1081:References
846:to impose
816:Solidarity
680:Afghan War
633:Korean War
469:Plzeň 1953
348:Opposition
288:Yugoslavia
242:Mozambique
140:Uzbekistan
125:Tajikistan
95:Kazakhstan
75:Azerbaijan
5174:Die Wende
5147:Economies
4988:Cominform
4971:(to 1948)
4933:(to 1961)
4861:Formation
4851:Communism
4640:Ken Young
4485:Tony Judt
4334:Arms race
4307:Red Scare
4175:NN States
4120:Apartheid
4075:Autocracy
3984:Stalinism
3952:Guevarism
3942:Castroism
3932:Communism
3924:Socialism
3450:Star Wars
3043:Koza riot
2169:Beleaguer
2161:Masterdom
1961:11th plan
1956:10th plan
1724:Ponomarev
1719:Polyansky
1684:Kuznetsov
1659:Kirilenko
1639:Gorbachev
1619:Chernenko
1614:Chebrikov
1074:Jachranka
982:Bulgarian
918:leaders,
883:chairman
551:Riga 1991
541:Baku 1990
431:Lithuania
323:Cominform
227:Kampuchea
130:Turkmenia
110:Lithuania
100:Kirghizia
55:Republics
5142:Politics
4792:Timeline
4782:Category
4727:See also
4219:Izvestia
4060:Islamism
3957:Hoxhaism
3832:Rollback
3711:Abkhazia
3651:Gulf War
3555:Glasnost
2925:incident
2695:Sand War
2553:Ifni War
2062:Rio Pact
2007:Cold War
1951:9th plan
1946:8th plan
1821:Podgorny
1811:Brezhnev
1774:Tikhonov
1759:Shvernik
1744:Shelepin
1729:Rashidov
1714:Podgorny
1689:Masherov
1664:Kiselyov
1624:Demichev
1609:Brezhnev
1604:Andropov
1335:Archived
1279:cite web
1233:10 April
1202:Archived
1150:Archived
695:Gulf War
499:Invasion
373:Bulgaria
237:Mongolia
212:Ethiopia
181:Bulgaria
115:Moldavia
4993:COMECON
4893:Romania
4888:Hungary
4282:Amerika
4165:Comecon
4050:Fascism
4040:Zionism
3989:Titoism
3530:Contras
2998:Détente
2275:Comecon
1896:Reforms
1816:Kosygin
1798:Leaders
1784:Voronov
1779:Ustinov
1749:Shelest
1734:Romanov
1699:Mikoyan
1694:Mazurov
1679:Kulakov
1674:Kosygin
1654:Gromyko
1649:Grishin
1644:Grechko
1634:Efremov
1629:Dolgikh
1438:Détente
1030:détente
832:Kremlin
560:Dissent
462:1980–89
421:Estonia
398:Ukraine
388:Romania
378:Croatia
368:Albania
317:Comecon
274:Vietnam
263:Somalia
258:Romania
222:Hungary
217:Grenada
165:Albania
135:Ukraine
90:Georgia
85:Estonia
70:Armenia
58:of the
5013:(WFDY)
5005:(WFTU)
4233:Pravda
4035:Racism
3974:Maoism
3726:Kosovo
3247:Condor
2923:Pueblo
2909:May 68
2537:Gladio
2455:Tuapse
2118:Jungle
2110:Priboi
1807:Troika
1769:Suslov
1669:Kunaev
1599:Aliyev
869:Moscow
574:Poland
569:Soviet
504:Moscow
426:Latvia
393:Serbia
383:Poland
252:Poland
171:Angola
120:Russia
105:Latvia
4718:Stasi
4185:SAARC
4180:ASEAN
4145:SEATO
3998:Other
3963:Juche
3721:Korea
3634:1990s
3347:1980s
2991:1970s
2614:1960s
2366:1950s
2076:1940s
2057:NEATO
2052:SEATO
2042:ANZUS
1709:Pelše
1263:(PDF)
1252:(PDF)
1005:]
192:Congo
186:China
176:Benin
4258:TASS
4150:METO
4140:NATO
3366:and
3364:1980
2921:USS
2047:METO
2032:NATO
1928:1984
1918:1979
1913:1973
1908:1965
1903:OGAS
1805:The
1590:26th
1585:25th
1580:24th
1575:23rd
1570:22nd
1526:RYAN
1285:link
1271:2022
1235:2007
992:and
922:and
914:and
910:The
810:The
708:Fall
232:Laos
197:Cuba
61:USSR
4713:KGB
4708:MVD
4693:MI6
4688:MI5
4683:CIA
4155:EEC
1880:2nd
1870:5th
1865:4th
1860:3rd
1855:2nd
881:KGB
282:PRG
5254::
5099:/
5095:/
5071:/
1330:.
1293:^
1281:}}
1277:{{
1254:.
1189:^
1181:,
1171:^
1145:.
1121:^
1109:.
1003:ro
988:,
280:,
5128:)
5124:(
4826:e
4819:t
4812:v
3526:)
3522:(
2531:"
2527:"
2504:"
2500:"
1999:e
1992:t
1985:v
1823:)
1809:(
1369:e
1362:t
1355:v
1287:)
1273:.
1237:.
799:e
792:t
785:v
284:)
276:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.